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O. W- Lowe.

HISTORICAL AND

BIOGRAPHICAL
RECORD

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

CONTAINING A HISTORY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FROM ITS EARLIEST

SETTLEMENT TO THE OPENING YEAR OF THE

TWENTIETH CENTURY

J. M. GUINN, A.M.

Secniary of the Historical Society of Sou t hern California. Member of the Ai,
Historical Association of U'ashi?igton, D. C.

ALSO CONTAINING BIOGRAPHIES OF WELL-KNOWN CITIZENS OF

THE PAST AND PRESENT

CHAPMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO

CHAPMAN PUBLISHING CO.

PREFACE.

SDL'TIIliRX C.\L]I'"( )RNIA is neither a geographical nor a political subdivision of the
state of L'alifornia. Generally speaking, it refers to the seven southern counties, viz.:
San Diego. Orange, Ri\'erside, San Rernardino, Los Angeles, \"entura and Santa Barbara; yet
there is no good reason why it might not take in two or three more counties. In the so-called
I'ico Law of 1851), "granting the consent of the legislature to the formation of a dififerent govern-
ment for the southern counties of the state," San Luis Obispo and all the territory now com-
prising Kern were included within the boundaries of the proposed new state of Southern Cali-
fornia. ,

The plan of the historical part of this work includes — first a general history of what is usually
designated as Southern California, beginning with its discovery and continuing through the Span-
ish and ]\Iexican eras into the American period to the subdivision of the state into counties ;
— second a history of each county of Southern California from the date of its organization to
the present time.

The author has endeavored to give a clear, concise and accurate account of the most impor-
tant events in the history of the section covered. The reader will find in it, no laudations of
climate, no advertisements of the resources and productions of certain sections, no pufifs of
individuals or of private enterprises. However interesting these might be to the individuals
and the localities praised, they are not history and therefore have been left out.

In compiling the history of the Spanish and Mexican eras I have taken Bancroft's History
of California as the most reliable authority.

I have obtained much original historical material from the Proceedings of the Ayuntamiento
or Municipal Council of Los Angeles (1828 to 1846). The jurisdiction of that Ayuntamiento
exlende<l over the area now included in four of the seven counties of Southern California. Con-
sequently the history of Los Angeles in the Mexican era is virtually the history of all the section
under the jurisdiction of its ayuntamiento. This accounts for the prominence of Los Angeles in
the earlier portions of this volume.

The names of the persons interviewed and the lists of books, periodicals, newspapers and
manuscripts consulted in the preparation of this work w'oukl be altogether too long for
insertion here. To the authors from whom I have quoted, credit has been given either in the body
of the work or in foot notes. To the jiersons who have given mc verbal or written inforination
I return my sincere thanks.

J. JNL GUINN.

Los Angeles, October 12, 1901. wov^O^

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PART KIRSX.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

CHAPTER I

Spanish Discoveries on the Pacific Coast of North America 33

Spanish Enterprise and Adventure — Scurvy, the Scourge of the Seas — Hernan Cortes — •
Fortuno Ximenez discovers Baja California — Origin of the name California — Discovery of
the Rio Colorado — Ulloa's Voyage — Coronado's Return dispels the Myths of Quivera and
the Seven Cities of Cibola — Mendoza sends Cabrillo on a Voyage of Discovery to the North-
west Coast.

CHAPTER n

The Discovery of Nueva or Alta California 35

Cabrillo's Voyage — Discovery of the Bay of San Diego — Islands of San Salvador and Vitoria,
now Santa Catalina and San Clemente — Bay of San Pedro — Santa Barbara Islands — Death
of Cabrillo — Return of his Ships— Drake's Voyage through the Straits of Magellan-
Plunders Spanish Settlements on the South Pacific Coast — Search for the Straits of Anian —
Refits his Ship in a California Harbor — Takes possession of the Country for the English
Sovereign — Names it New Albion — Return to England — Sebastian Viscaino's Voyage —
Changes the names of the bays and islands discovered by Cabrillo — First Boom Literature —
Failure of Viscaino's Colonization Scheme. His death — Las Californias still believed to be
;.n island — Father Kino's Explorations in 1700 dispels this fallacy.

CHAPTER HI

Mission Coloniz.^tion

Spain's System of Colonizing— Fear of English and Russian Aggression— Four Expeditions
sent to Nueva California— Settlement at San Diego— Portola's Expedition sets out for
Monterey — Discoveries — General Plan of the Missionary Establishments, Location and
Government — Industrial Training of the Neophytes — San Gabriel under Zalvidea — What
was accomplished there.

CHAPTER IV

Indians of Southern Cm. iforni.\

Inferiority of the California Indian— Indian Towns— Vang-na— Indians of the Los Angeltb
Valley— Hugo Reid's Description of their Government— Religion— Marriage— Burials— Feuds
—Song Fights— Utensils— Mythology— Myths— Indians of the Santa Barbara Channel—
Chupu the Channel god— A Revelation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER V
Fkaxciscan Missions in Southern California 46

Location of the Missions — Condition of the Buildings now — Founding of San Diego de

Aleala — Destruction of the Mission Buildings by Indians — Murder of Father Jaunie — Mis-
sion Statistics — San Gabriel Arcangel — Disreputable Soldiers — Mission Moved to a new-
Site — Statistics — San Juan Capistrano — Failure of the first attempt — Mission re-established— •
Karlhquake of 1812 — Destruction of the Church and Loss of Life — Mission Secularized.
San Buenaventura — Channel Missions Damaged by Earthquake — Mission Garden — Santa
Barbara — Delay in Founding — Damages by Earthquake — Mission rebuilt — Statistics — La
Purisima — New Plan of Mission Management — Church Destroyed by Earthquake — Revolt
of the Indians— Statistics— San Fernando — Large death rate— Treaty of Cahuenga— San Luis
Rey — Flourishing Mission — Father Peyri — The Asistencia of Pala — Santa Inez — Effects of
the Earthquake — Indian Revolt — Chiefs Shot.

J* ^ Jt

CHAPTER VI

The Presidios of Sax Diego and Santa Barbara 52

The Presidio in Colonization — The founding of the Presidio of San Diego — Monotony of
Soldier Life— The Fur Traders— The Lelia Byrd— The Hide Droghers— San Diego in 1829—
Don Juan Bandini's Mansion — The Old Presidio in 1836 — Dana's visit in 1859 — The Channel
Missions and Presidio of Santa Barbara — Founding of Santa Barbara — Quarrel between the
Padres and the Comandante — Vancouver's Description of the Presidio in 1793 — Completion
of the Presidio — A Boston Boy — Don Jose de La Guerra y Noriega — Change of Flags —
Santa Barbara in 1829 — As Dana saw it in 1836 — Famhani describes it in 1840 — Population
and Appearance of the Pueblo when Fremont's Battalion took possession of it in 1846.

..« ^ ^
CHAPTER VH

IVjUNDIXG OF THE PuEDLO OF LoS AnGELES 56

Pueblo plan of Colonization — Governor de Neve selects Pueblo sites — Regulations and Sup-
plies for the Colonists — Recruiting Pobladores in Sonora and Sinaloa — Arrival of the Colon
ists at San Gabriel — Founding of the Pueblo de Los Angeles — Names of the eleven heads o''
Families — Derivation of the name of the Town and River — The Indian Town of Yang-na.

CHAPTER Vni

Los Angeles in the Spanish Era 60

The Old Plaza— Area of a Pueblo— Subdivision of Pueblo Lands — Location of the Old
Plaza — Deportation of three worthless Colonists — Final Distribution of Lands to the Colon-
ists in 1786— Government of the Pueblo— Census of 1790— Population in 1810— The "pirate
Buchar" — End of Spain's domination in California.

CHAPTER IX

Transition Period — From Monarchy to Republic 64

Governor Sola a Royalist — Californians Loyal to Spain during the Revolution — Beginnings of
a Government by the People — Population and Resources of the Pueblo of Los Angeles —
Arrival of Foreigners- Life in California in 1829— Slow Growth and Little Progress.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER X

Mission Secularization and the Passing of the Neophyte.

Sentiment not History — Spain's purpose in Founding tlie Missions — Mission Land Mo-
nopoly— Decrees of Secularization humane — Regulations Governing Secularization — Slaughter
of Cattle— Reckless Destruction— Ruin of the Missions— Fall of the Neophyte— The Pueblito
— Indian Slaves — The Monday Auction — What became of the Mission Estates — Mortality
among Neophj'tes under Mission rule — Extinction of the Indian inevitable.

CHAPTER XI
A Decade of Revolutions 70

The Storm Centre of Revolutions — Expulsion of Governor Victoria — Death of Avila and
Pacheco — Pio Pico, Governor — Rival Governors, Echcandia and Zamorano — California Split
in two — Governor Figueroa appointed — The Hijar Colony — A Cobbler and a Cigar Maker
head a Revolution — Hijar and Padres arrested and shipped to Mexico — Death of Governor
Figueroa — Los Angeles made the Capital of Alta California — Castro becomes "gefe politico"
— Chico, Governor — Deposed and sent back to Mexico.

CHAPTER XH

El Estado Lir.RE v Soberano de Alta California 74

(The Free and Sovereign State of Alta California^
Causes that led to Revolution — No Offices for the "Hijos del Pais" (native sons) — Revolt
against Governor Gutierrez — Declaration of Independence — Alvarado, Governor of the Free
State — Monterey Plan — Los Angeles opposes it — War between the North and the South —
Battle of San Buenaventura — Los Angeles Subjugated — Peace in the Free State — Carlos
Carrillo appointed Governor by the Supreme Government — Los Angeles the Capital of the
South — Carrillo inaugurated with imposing ceremonies — War again — Capture of Los Angeles
— Flight of Carrillo to San Diego — Battle of Las Flores — Surrender of Carrillo — Alvarado
recognized as Governor by the Supreme Government — End of the Free State.

CHAPTER xni

Closing Years of Mexican Rule 79

The Government in the hands of the Native Sons — Arrival of Trappers from the United
States — The Graham Affair — Arrival of Governor Micheltorena and his Cholo Army — Cap-
ture of Monterey by Commodore Jone.^ — Micheltorena and Jones meet at Los Angeles — Ex-
travagant demands of the Governor — An Army of Chicken Thieves — Revolt against Michel-
torena and his Cholos — Sutter and Graham join forces with Micheltorena — The Picos unite
with Castro and Alvarado — Americans favor Pico — Battle of Cahuenga — Defeat and Abdica-
tion of Micheltorena — Deportation of the Governor and his Army — Pio Pico, Governor —
Looking Backward.

16 TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XIV

MuxrciPAL Government — Muy Ilustre Ayuntamiento 84

But Little Crime in California under Spanish and Mexican Rule — Pueblo Government — The
Most Illustrious Ayuntamiento — That of Los Angeles the best Illustration of a Mexican
Municipal Council — Officers of the Ayuntamiento — Taking the Oath of Office — When Office
Sought the Man — The Public Alarm — Blue Laws of Old Los Angeles — Hygienic rules — The
Pueblito — Municipal revenues — Salaries — Elections — Judges of the Plains.

CHAPTER XV
'I'liii Ho.MEs AND Home Life of Californians in the Adobe Age 89

The Indian Brick-maker — An Architecture without Freaks or Fads — The Adobe Age not
Aesthetic — Leonardo Cota's Plea for Urban Beauty — Reconstruction and Rehabilitation —
Style of Dress in 1829 — No Chimneys for Santa Claus — Filial Respect — Economical Goveni-
ment — Dog Days — No Fire Department and no Police.

CHAPTER XVI
.\couisiTioN OF California by the United States — Capture of Los Angeles

Territorial Expansion — Fremont and Castro — The Bear Flag Revolt — Commodore Sloat
takes possession of California — Castro's Retreat Southward — Review of Affairs at Los
Angeles — The Old Feud between the Uppers and the Lowers — Pico's Humane Proclama-
tion— Stockton at San Pedro and Fremont at San Diego — Their United Forces enter Los
Angeles — Historical Myths.

CHAPTER XVH

jE of Los Angeles 98

Stockton and Fremont Leave Los Angeles — Captain Gillespie in Command of the Southern
Department — Revolt of the Californians — Gillespie's Men Besieged on Fort Hill — Juan
Flaco's Ride — Battle of Chino — Americans Evacuate the City — Retreat to San Pedro — Can-
non thrown into the Bay.

CHAPTER XVHl
Battle of Do.minguez Ranch — Flores, Governor

Authentic account of the Battle by Lieutenant Duvall— Arrival of the Savannah at San Pedro,
Capt. William Mervine, Commanding — Landing of the Troop.s — Gillespie's Men join Mer-
vine— March to Dominguez Ranch— Battle— Retreat of Mervine's Force— Names of the
Killed and Wounded— Dead Buried on Deadman's Island— Names of the Officers in Com-
mand— The Old Woman's Gun — Flores made Governor and Comandante-General — Jealousy
of the Hijos del Pais— Arrest of Flores— He is Released and Rico Imprisoned.

TABLE OF CONTENTS. 17

CHAPTER XIX

The Second Conquest of Califorxea 104

Stockton Arrives at San Pedro — Carrillo's Ruse — A Remarkable Battle — Fremont Recruits a
Battalion — Californians Capture Santa Barbara and San Diego — Recapture of San Diego —
Building of a Fort — The Flag Episode — Arrival of General Kearny at Warner's Pass — Battle
of San Pasqual — Commodore Stockton Sends a Force to Relieve General Kearny — Prepara-
tions for an Attack upon Los Angeles — The March — Battle of Paso de Bartolo, or San
Gabriel River — Battle of La Mesa — Small Losses.

CHAPTER XX

Occupation of Los Angeles — Building of Fort Moore 109

Burial of the Dead — Surrender of Los Angeles — The Americans Occupy the City — Unwel-
come Visitors — A Famous Scold — How Stockton Obtained Headquarters — Building of Fort
Moore — Two Forts — Fears of an Invasion — The Mormon Battalion — Colonel Stevenson takes
Command — A Flagstaff for the Fort — The First Fourth of July — Historical Fictions — Fre-

mont's Headquarters.

CHAPTER XXI

Tre.\ty of Cahueng.\ — Transition 114

Fremont's Battalion Arrives at San Fernando — Negotiations — Treaty Signed — Fremont's
Battalion enters Los Angeles — Colonel Fremont appointed Governor — Quarrel between
Stockton and Kearny — Colonel Mason succeeds General Kearny — Colonel Stevenson in Com-
mand of the Southern Department — Ayuntamiento Elected — Civil and Military Authorities
Clash— Stephen C. Foster, Alcalde— The Guard House blown up— Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo — Pio Pico Returns to California — The Second Ayuntamiento.

PART SECOND.

COUNTIES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

CHAPTER XXII

San Diego County.

Organization of the County — Boundaries — Population in 1850 — Indian War of 1851 — Early
History of the County and City Identical — The Old Pueblo — First Survey of the Pueblo Lands
— Area of the Pueblo in 1850 — Origin of New Town — Puenta de Los Muertos — The First
Buildings in New San Diego — The First Wharf — Its Tragic Fate — The Pioneer Newspaper —
Disasters that Befell the Plant — John Phoenix, Editor — A Political Somersault — The
Famous Mill between Ames and Phoenix — The San Diego Herald Dies — Early Steamers —
The First Overland Mail Route— Old Town and New Town in Statu Quo— Dry Years and
Ihe Civil War.

CHAPTER XXIII

S.-VN Diego County (Continued).

THE NEW ERA

Arrival of Alonzo E. Horton — He Buys a Town Site — The Rush to San Diego — Rapid
Growth of New Town — The Horton House — The Texas Pacific Railroad — The Railroad
Act Passed, Great Rejoicing — Boom of 1871 — Some Boom Poetry — Branch Railroads — Fail-
ure of the Railroad — Bursting of the Boom — Gloom — A New Trans-Continental Railroad
Sclienie — Its Success — The Boom of 1S87 — Inflation of Values — New Towns — Collapse of
the Real Estate Bubble — The Boom a Blessing — Development of the Back Country — Sub-
stantial Improvements Made — A Year of Disasters — Recuperation — Riverside County takes
a Slice — Annals of the Closing Years of the Century — Public Schools — The Free Public
Library — The Chamber of Commerce.

OTHER CITIES AND TOWNS

Old Town — National City — Coronado Beach — Occanside — Escondido — Fall Brook — Pala —
Julian — Banner.

CHAPTER XXIV
Lo.s ANGEI.E.S County 131

AREA AND ORGANIZATION

Extent of the Original County — Boundaries — Organization of San Bernardino County — -V
Slice taken off Los Angeles to Make Kern— Orange County Created— No More County
Division— Organization of the Los Angeles County Government— First election— Officers
Elected— Court of Sessions— A County Interpreter- County Prisoners Hired to the City

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Council — First Public Building, a Jail — Jueces del Campo — Patriots of the Pocket — Some
Cliarges — The First Fee Bill — The Office of Supervisor Created — First Board.

THE FIRST DECADE OF THE COUNTY's HISTORY, l8S0 TO 1860

Early Land Grants — Litigation over Grants — Township Boundaries — Immigrants and Over-
land Routes — Sonorese Migration — A Job Lot of Immigrants — A Tricky Alcalde — The
Mexican Route — The Gila Route — The Santa Fe Trail — The Salt Lake Route — Immi-
gration by Southern Routes — Commerce and Conveyances — The Mustang Saddle Train —
The Carreta Freight Train — First Stages — The First Steamer at San Pedro — High Fare
and Freight Charges — Bucking Sailors — Imports and E.xports — High Price of Grapes — ■
First State Census — Small Area under Cultivation — Slow Growth of the County in the 50's.

CHAPTER XXV
Los Ange[.es County (Continued) 137

THE SECOND DECADE, 1860 TO iS/O

A Gold Rush and Gold Placers — Hard Times — The Great Flood of 1861-62 — After the
Deluge — Drought — The Famine Years of 1863-64 — Death of Cattle — Financial Depression
— The Civil War — Decadence of the Cattle Industry — The Stearns Ranches — From Cattle
Raising to Grain Production.

THE THIRD DECADE, 187O TO 1880

Railroads — Los Angeles and San Pedro Railroad — The Southern Pacific — Bond Election^
The Great Tunnel — Completion of the Road between Los Angeles and San Francisco — First
train — Los Angeles and Independence Road — Fate of the Santa Monica Wharf — Colonies —
San Pasqual Plantation Scheme — The Indiana Colony — It becomes Pasadena — Rapid Growth
— Pomona — First Auction Sale of Land and Lots — Santa Monica — "The Zenith City by the
Sunset Sea" — Disasters.

THE FOURTH DECADE, 1880 TO 189O

Depression Continues — First Trans-Continental Railroad — Immigration — A New Railroad
Coming — Beginning of the Boom — Town-Making — Homberg's Twin Cities — Unprincipled
Boomers — Magnitude of the Boom — Great Booms of Former Times — Collapse.

FIFTH DECADE, 189O TO igOO

From Boom to Gloom — Increase in Population — Reaction — Bank Panic of 1893 — Spanish
War — The Harbor War — Three Dry Years — Prosperity — Population of Cities and Towns
in 1900.

J^ J* ..t

CHAPTER XXYI

The City of Los Angeles 144

shaping the city
A City Without Form— Urban Expansion— The First Boom— No Written Titles— Land
Commissioner's Report— "Monstrous Irregularity of the Streets"— Area of the Pueblo, "Two
Leagues to each Wind from the Plaza Church"— An Amazed Commission— Wide Streets
Offend the Sense of the Beautiful— Squaring the Plaza— Ord's Survey— Area of the City,
Sixteen Square Leagues— Street Names in Ord's Plan— Charity Street— Adjusting Street
Lines and Property Lines.

AMERICANIZING THE CITY

Incorporated by the Legislature of 1849-50— Reduced Area— Twice Made a City and not
Much of a City Then- The First Election Under American Law— City Officers— Patriotic

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Councilmen— The Indian Question— Auction Sale of Prisoners— A Cily Ordinance that
Favored Poor Lo— Tlie Whipping Post— The Indian Question Settled.

THE POST OFFICE .\ND POST.\L SERVICE

Postal Service in the Spanish Era — In the Mexican Era— First American Mail Service — A
Tub Post Office — Irregular Mails — The Butterfield Stage Route — Los .A.nge!c5 Postmasters.

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL MASTERS

The First School— Mexican Schools and School Masters— First American School— The First
School Ordinance— The Pioneer School House of the City— Prejudice against the Public
Schools — The First High School in Southern California — City School Superintendents —
The Normal School.

CHAPTER XXVII

The City oi- Los Angeles (Continued) 152

crimes and vigilance committees
Turbulence, but few Capital Crimes under Spanish and Mexican Rule — The Defenders of
Public Safety — The First Executions by a Vigilance Committee-»-GoId and Crime — People's
Tribunals — Executions by Vigilance Committees in Los Angeles — The Murder of Sheriff
Barton and Four of His Posse — Extermination of the Flores Gang — The Vasquez Gang — The
Chinese Massacre — The Last Vigilance Conmiittee.

PIONEER NEWSPAPERS

La Estrella de Los Angeles (The Star of Los Angeles) — The Southern Californian — El
Clamor Publico — The Southern Vineyard — The Los .A.ngelcs Daily News.

ANNALS OF THE CITY's GROWTH AND PROGRESS

.\dobe gives Place to Wood and Brick in Building— First Building Boom— Population in
i860— Camel Caravans— The Telegraph— Salt Lake Trade— Union Demonstration— The
Great Flood — A Year of Disasters — Union and Secession — The War Ends and Peace Reigns
—The First Protestant Church— The Great Flood of 1868 Makes a New River— New
Growth— The First Railroad— City Lighted with Gas— First Bank— Population of the City.
1870— The Railroad Bond Question— Bank Panic— Hard Times— Population in 1880— Re-
action—A Rate War— Good Times— The Boom Comes— The Cable Railway— Electric Rail-
ways— Oil Discovery — Oil Boom — City's Expansion by .Annexation — Population in iqoo.

CHAPTER XXVIII
S.'VNTA Barbar.v County ' 5^

ORIGIN OF THE NAME

First use of the Name in Connection with the Mainland— Santa Barbara, Virgin and Martyr.

ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY

Boundaries— Transition from Mexican to American Forms of Government- Election of
County Officers— County Seal— Sheriff Killed— First County Assessment— Mixing City and
County Offices— Ruling Families— Townships— Board of Supervisors— The County Solidly
Democratic in Politics — The First Court House.

CRIME AND CRIMINALS

Bands of Outlaws— Jack Powers— Ned McGowan— His escape from the Vigilantes— .\ Grand
Jury Report.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

DOWNFALL OF THE CATTLE KINGS

The Feudal Lords of the Land — Stock Ranges Equal to Gold Mines — Overstocked Ranges —
Starvation of Cattle — The Shepherd Kings — Kings no More — The Famine Years end their
Rule — Fatalism — Subdivision of the Great Ranches — Transition Period — Prosperity — The
Southern Pacific Railroad — The Boom — Railroad Gap Closed — Lompoc — Guadalupe — Bettcra
via — Santa Maria — Santa Ynez — Goleta — El Montecito — Summerland — Carpinteria Valley —
The Channel Islands.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS

First School — Long Vacations — Schools under Me.xican Rule — Schools after the Conquest
— Little Progress at First — Rapid Advance — High Schools

CHAPTER XXIX
The City of Santa Barbara 165

ORGANIZATION OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT

Incorporation — First Meeting of the Common Council — City Officials — Lost Records —
Haley's Survey — Wrackenrueder's Map — The Second Council — The Indian Question — An
Ethnic Question — Economical City Government — "A Wide Open Town" — A California
Treat — A Spasm of Virtue — Careless Councils — Pueblo Lands — Street Names — Caiion Perdido
Street — The Lost Cannon Found — Squatter Troubles — The Arroyo Burro Affair — The
Pioneer Newspaper of Santa Barbara — The Gazette a Live Paper — The Gazette Starved to
Death — A Poco Tiempo Town — Tip or Dip.

THE NEW ER.\

Feudalism — Dry Years and Hard Times — .^wakening — Coast Stage Line — Gas Introduced
— Rise in Real Estate — First Bank — Natural History Society — The Public Library — A
Decade of Transition — Population in 1870; in 1880 — Population in 1890 gain of 70 per cent.—
Railroad Building and Projecting — Arrival of the First Passenger Train — A Boom — Sub-
stantial Improvements — Street Paving — Southern Pacific Coast Line Completed — St. An-
thony's College — A Tragedy — The New High School.

CHAPTER XXX
Ventura County 171

BEFORE THE COUNTY WAS CREATED

Al.'sentceisnis — The Old Mission — Battle of San Buenaventura — No American Settlers at
the Time of the Conquest — A Township of Santa Barbara — First Attempt to Form a New
County^State Division — First Survey of a Town Site — Flood of 1861 — Famine Years of
1863 and 1864 — Flood of 1868 — Immigration Drifting Southward — The Coast Stage Line
— San Buenaventura in 1870 — Those Americans arc Coming — A Night Ride over the Moun-
tains— The First Wharf — The Ventura Signal — The Pioneer Newspaper.

ORGANIZATION OF THE NEW COUNTY

Reasons for County Division — No Offices for the Venturians — Election Frauds — The Pop-
ulation of the Proposed New County Mostly American — Failure of the Second Attempt
to Create a New County — The Third Succeeds — Boundaries of Ventura County — The First «

F.lortion and the County Oflicers RIcclcd— The First Court House— Business Activity.

22 TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXXI

\'i;ntuk.\ County (continued) 176

annals of ventura town and county
School Bonds and New School House — The First Murder in the New County — Library
Association — Another Newspaper — Fire Company — Wreck of the Kalorama — Murder of T.
Wallace More — A Year of Disasters — Wealth and Products of the County in 1879 —
Flood of 1884 — Railroad and the Boom Arrive — Brilliant Outlook — Census of 1890 — Pioneer
Society— Annals of the Past Decade.

CITIES AND TOWNS

Huenenie — Nordhoff — Santa Paula — O.xnard — El Rio — Montalvo — Saticoy — Fillmore — Bards-
dale — Canuilos Rancho — The Oil Industry — Theodosia B. Shepherd Plant and Seed Com-
pany— Islands of Ventura — Anacapa — San Nicolas — The Lone Woman of San Nicolas.

CHAPTER XXXH
Or.\nge County 184

county division
Act Creating the County Passed — Twenty Years of County Division — Anaheim County —
Major Max Strobel's Scheme and Its Failure — Strobel, a Soldier of Fortune and a Victim
of Misfortune — The First Orange County — A County Division Candidate — Wiseman, the
"Broadaxe" — Santa Ana County — Orange County Again — Success.

ORGANIZATION OF THE NEW COUNTY

First Officers — Boundaries and Area — Spanish Ranches — The Rancho Santiago de Santa
Ana — Squatter War — Judge Field's Decision — Schools — High Schools — Court House
— Population of the County — History of the Celery Industry — Cienegas or Peat
Lands — Regarded by the Early Settlers as Waste Lands — Their Drainage and Cultiva-
tion— Wild Celery and Wild Hogs — First Experiment in Celery Culture — Persecu-
tion of the Chinese Laborers — Extent of the Business — The Oil Industry — First Experi-
ments in Well Boring — Rise in Real Estate.

■ CHAPTER XXXHI
Orange County (continued) 189

CITIES AND TOWNS— Anaheim— The Vineyard Colony— Selection of a Site- Ollicers
of the Los .-\ngeles Vineyard Company — Colony Named Anaheim— Improvements Made
— Living Fences — Division of the Land Among the Stockholders — Cost of Land and
Improvements — .\naheiiTi Becomes a City — School House — Newspapers — From Vineyards
to Orange Groves and Walnut Orchards — Churches — Fraternal Societies — City of Santa
.Ana — William II. Spurgeon's Purchase — The First House — The First School — Change of
the Stage Route — Post-oflice Established — Railroad Reaches the Town — Pioneer News-
paper— Pioneer Church Organizations — Fraternal Societies — Banks — The Press — Dennis
Kearney's Waterloo — Orange Originally Richland — Post-olVice Established — First Church
— Tustin — Fullerton — Youngest Town of the County — Important Shipping Point — West-
minster Colony — Garden Grove — Los .Mamitos — P.ucna Park — Newport Beach — Capistrano.

TABLE OF CONTENTS. 23

CHAPTER XXXIV

Riverside County 196

first settlements
The Youngest County of Southern CaHfornia — Formed from San Bernardino and San
Diego — First Settlement in San Bernardino County — The Rancho San Bernardino —
Grsnted to the Lugos and Scpulveda — The Jurupa Rancho — Agua Mansa — The Mormon
Trail — Mormon Colony in San Bernardino — The Mormon Leaders Buy the Rancho San
Bernardino — Subdivision of the Rancho — Flourishing Settlement — Recall of the Mormons
to Salt Lake — Sale of the Rancho to Gentiles — A "Stake" of Zion No More — The Colony
iM-a of the Early '70s.

Fl)U.M.\TION OF mVKKSIDE COUNTY

I-"irst .Attempt to Form Riverside County — Second .\ttenipt Succeeds — .\ren and Boundaries
— Diversity of Contour, Climate and Productions — Era of Agricultural E.xperiments — The
Silk Culture Fad — A Sericulture Colony Contemplated — A Colony Site Purchased on the
Jurupa Rancho — Subsidence of the Silk Culture Craze.

THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNI.\ COLONY .\SSOCI.\TtON

The Silk Colony Lands Sold to the Southern California Colony Association — Names of
the Members of the Colony Association — The Town of Jurupa — Riverside — First Arrivals
on the Colony Site — Irrigation — Experiments — The Washington Navel Orange — The Arling-
ton Tract — Magnolia Avenue — Riverside in 1875 — First Railroad Meeting — First Citrus
Fair — Other First Events.

CHAPTER XXXV
.-ERSiDE County (continued) 201

RIVERSIDE WATER SYSTEMS

The Riverside Water Company — The Gage Canal — The Jurupa Canal — The Riverside High-
land Water Company — Population and Wealth.

THE PRESS

The Pioneer Newspaper, The Riverside Weekly News — The Ri\erside Press — The Press
and Horticulturist — The Daily Press — The Daily Enterprise.

CITIES AND TOWNS

Corona— Tcmecula — Ahtrrietta — Elsinore — Perris^Winchcster — Lake View — Henict — San
Jacinto City — Strawberry Valley — Beaumont — Banning — Conchilla \'alley.

SOME TWENTIETH CENTURY EVENTS

.\ New High School — Purchase of a Court House Site — .\ New Jail — Carnegie's Library
Donation — The Sherman Institute.

INDEX.

A Page. Page. Pagp.

Abbott. Calvin W 1263 Baxter. William 734 Brooks, Stephen G 800

Abbott, Frank E 1198 Baxter, William A 734 Broiighton, G. A., M. D 357

Abbott, G. E., M. D 954 Bayha, C.F 919 Broughton, Hon. H. A 662

Adams, George B 810 Beach, Eliza J., M. D 800 Broughton, W. W 1147

Adams, Frederick K 1275 Beach, Fitz E 739 Browne, Capt. A. W 414

Adams, Hon. John 719 Bean, John H 1046 Bruce, William N 436

Adams, John L 1039 Beck, Edwin A 370 Brundage. Hiram 436

Adams, R. D., M. D 1248 Beckett, W. W., M. D 1276 Bruner. F. M., M. D 1198

Adams, William L 1207 Beckwith, Charles 1261 Bryant, E. T 439

Akers, W. H 554 Beckwith, Francis 738 Bryant, William 1142

Akey,' James V 564 Beckwith, Francis J 275 Bryson, Hon. John, Sr 1274

Alexander, George 559 Begg, James 812 Buckingham, Joseph A loio

Alexander, William 560 Belcher, Avery 1245 Buckmaster, Thomas H 526

Allen, A. A 558 Bell, Hon. A. J 665 Biiell, A. W 331

Allen, Harry C 648 Bell, Robert 517 Buell, H. J 523

Allen, Hon. M. T 1097 Bell, Robert L 938 Buell, Percy 0 523

Allen, Russell C 954 Bell, Thomas 491 Buffington, A. C 447

Allen, William 806 Benedict, William G 804 Bulla, Hon. R. N 1206

AUgeyer Charles 1180 Benson, George W 1230 Bullard. F. D.. M. D 1015

Althouse, J. A 1040 Bent, Abbott J 1259 Bullis, Philip H 1291

Ames, Henry M 565 Bentzoni, Col. Charles 836 Bullis, William H 839

Amestoy, A. J 1263 Berry, Truman 1265 Burch, Nelson C 740

Anderson, Matthew H 595 Bettner. Robert Lee 1184 Burke. David L 1064

Andrews, Rev. J. B 564 Beveridge, Hon. J. L 1165 Burke, Hon. E. M 393

Androus, Hon. S. N 548 Beyrle, Robert 1052 Burke, Miguel F 393

Ardis, Julius H 1246 Bingham. H. A loii Burns, Robert W 1200

Arenz, Richard 1040 Bishop. F. D.. M. D 1143 Burton, Capt. H. G., M. D 571

Armstrong, A. T 1032 Either, B. Frank D 570 Butcher. W. P 1054

Armstrong, A. W 835 Bixby, A. S 740 Butler, John T 87s

Arnold, Matt H 569 Bixby, Jotham 1009 Butler, Mrs. Mary 875

Arnold, Seth C 835 Blackburn, Capt. D. S 289 r

Asbridge, Thomas A 1041 Blackstock. Judge N 373

Ashley. Mrs. Mary A 451 Blatz. Herman 732 Cadwell. O. N 614

Afchison, J. A 1042 Bleecker. J. J.. M. D 1244 Caldwell, Hon. A. A loio

Atchison, James R 647 Bliss. John D 1232 Callahan. Neal 620

Atkinson. J. W 1208 Blochman. L. E 428 Camarillo, Adolfo 444

Aufdemkamp. Henry 1042 Blood. James A 929 Camarillo, Juan E 840

T, Blosser, Garrett L 1208 Campbell. J. A 1060

Blumberg. Wheeler C 1208 Carder. G. H., M. D 1142

Bacon, A. J., M. D 9^5 Bly, Leonades 1231 Carpenter, Frank J 1187

Bagnard. Gustavus 667 BIythe. B. M 1136 Carpenter, John T 1187

Bailey, Isaac 738 Bolin. P. J 1265 Carpenter. Stephen F 1065

Bailey. Jonathan 532 Boman. Gustav A 1266 Carrion. Julian 918

Bainbridge. J. C, M. D 409 Bonebrake. Major G. H 532 Carter, .\rthur F 426

Baird, J. G.. M. D 1036 Bones. Thomas 613 Carter, Nathaniel C 1258

Bakewell, Thomas 1191 Bonestel, CD 701 Casal. F. M. M. D 1229

Balch, E. T., M. D 395 Bonestel. W. A 428 Cawston, Edwin 722

Balcom, B. G 1190 Bonhani. Perrv P 806 Chaffee, .\rthur L 842

Ball, C. D., M. D 925 Bosshard. Jacob 887 Chaffee. J. D.. M. D ii59

Ballard, Hon. J. W 1184 Bothwell. James 1048 Chaffin. John P 744

Ballon, George H 956 Bouton, Gen. Edward 949 Chambers. Hon. J. C 959

Balslev. B. L 653 Bowker. Harrison M 427 Chambers. John T 1059

Bandini. Juan B 358 Boyd. David C Ii97 Chapman. A. B 327

Banning. Gen. Phineas 1265 Bradford. .Mbert S 757 Chapman. Charles C TO33

Banta-Jones, Mrs. Mary G 721 Bradlcv. Knowlton R 1048 Chapman. Frank M 535

Barber, Hon. P.J 361 Brady. Capt. J. T 1225 Charlebois. Paul 414

Bard, Cephas L.. M. D 243 Brag'don. John R 809 Child, E 1066

Bard, Hon. Thomas R 213 Brainerd. H. G.. U. D 1276 Chippendale. W 884

Barker, Frederic 1 374 Bralev. Edgar R II37 Churchill. John W ' 59.?

Barker. James 834 Brandes. H. E 1112 Clapp. James D 613

Barnes. W. P 830 Breiner. John 1052 Clapp. William B 1228

Barretto, Maxwell K 614 Brcnnan. John 798 Clapp, William T 828

Barrows, Frank P 416 Brewster, J. C 792 Clark, Frank B 1243

Barrows, James A 104S Brian. David 1053 Clark. George E 938

Bartle. J. H 228 Brigden. Albert 804 Clark, Isaac M 620

Bartlctt. William S 882 Bristol. Rev. Sherlock 415 Clark, J. Ross 1012

Bauer, Otmar 1046 Brodrick, William J 595 Clarke, Charles S 444

INDEX.

Page. Page. Pagt.

Clarke, J. F 744 Davies, E. W 1075 Evans, William H 1256

Clarke, Robert M 1143 Davis, Hon. Alonzo E 1273 Ewing, Felix W 341

Cleland, Thomas E 1257 Davis, Frank E nil p

Clifford, A. M 960 Davis, R. W 1093

Cobb Asa 881 Davis, S. F., M. D 667 Fagan, Michael 1105

Coffin, Hon. W. H 674 Dawson. John B 841 Farr, Mrs. E. B 93S

Coffman H. L., M. D 619 Day. Hon. William S 335 Farnngton, George W 961

Coleman, S. J 884 Dean, John J 328 Faulkner, George W 509

Collins, Hon. J. S 410 Deane. John L 1076 Fern, Henry 1018

Collins, W. S 547 De Fluff, Thomas J 668 Fernald, Charles 283

Conaway, Joshua A 497 De La Guerra Family 220 Fessenden, William H 1165

Congdon A. Maria, M. D 799 De Longpre. Paul 222 Fetterman, I. L 1091

Conger, Rev. E. L., D. D.... 1058 del Valle, U. F 413 Filkins, C. W 1189

Conklin, Lombard 57^ Den, Alfonso L 221 Finger, H. J 1088

Conncll, John F 1242 Den, Augustus H 471 Finley. T. R 1129

Conrey, Hon. N. P 881 Denison, Charles B 1292 Fischer, Frederick J 847

Cook, Prof. A. J 955 Densmore. Emmet. M. D 1216 Fisler, Rufus 1255

Cook, George 1112 Densmore, Helen B 1217 Fithian, Major Joel A 249

Cook James 1069 De Riidio. Capt. C. C 457 Fithian, R. Barrett 249

Cook! J. R 1256 Des Granges, Otto 1183 Fithian, J. R 249

Cook, J. W 887 Devine, Robert 577 Fitzgerald. G. P 1161

Cook, O. P 448 Dickey. Ambrose 1200 Fleet, W. H 1106

Cook, R. D 713 Dieterich, Jacob 596 Fleming, Edward J 931

Cooke, Hon. C. F 745 Dilworth, W. D., M. D 725 Fleming, Peter 791

Cool, Mrs. Sarah M 54S Dobbings, J. H 842 Forester, G. W.. M. D 962

Cool, Rev. P. Y 545 Dobie, W. G.. D. M 471 Forrester, E. A 1218

Coons, Benjamin F 1138 Dodge, Col. R. V 462 Foshay, Prof. J. A 1272

Cooper, Ellwood 219 Dodworth. A. R 720 Foster, Edmund B 1179

Cooper, Harvey 912 Dolge. Alfred 869 Foy, Samuel C 1063

Cooper, Joseph W 466 Dolgc. Ernst 870 Francis, John F 1277

Corbett, J. F 1209 Donnell. T. C, M. D 948 Frankland, John G 848

Cordero, E. S 1243 Dotv, R 749 Franklin. Mrs. Peddie 715

Corev, Franklin A 453 Dovev. James H 997 Frary, Frank P 344

Coronel. Don A. F 1029 Dow, R. D 906 Fraser, Allan 310

Coronel, Mrs. M. W. de 1030 Drake, Capt. A. C 623 Fraser, J. C. M. D 1283

Corson, J. B 1098 Dreer. I\Irs. JNIarv 1210 Fraser, William G 1197

Cowan, W. K 1071 Dreher, Peter J 1077 Frazier. Charles H 878

Cowles, N. E 923 Drews, L. W 1156 Freeman, Daniel 1279

Cox, A. M 453 Driffill. Col. T. A 1267 Freeman, Capt. W. W 743

Cox. Hon. J. S 728 Driskill, Jesse 1141 Fremont. John C 530

Craig, R. J 863 Dudley, Benjamin W 572 French. Charles E 1036

Grain, William L 959 Dudley. Thomas H 462 Frost, George 1016

Crane, Emmett C 1108 Duffy, James 472 Fry, A 854

Crane, George G 961 Dunlap, A. H 894 Fry, William C 815

Crane, James H 576 Dunlap, John N 1191 Fo^e, Mrs. Mary S 794

Crane, Jeft'erson L 1 108 Dunn. James T 280 Fuqua, Rev. Isham 853

Crank, F. DeWitt, M. D 666 Dunn. Robert 473 Furlong, R. :M •, 1241

Cravens, Thomas A 576 Dunshee. Rollin 750 q

Crawford, Daniel P 1012 Dutton George F 746

Crawford, J. H., :M. D iy-, Gabbert, Thomas G 461

Cregier, A. V 302 E Gabriel. Joseph 1255

Cross, A. P 373 Gaily, Mary M 727

Cross, Hon. John 454 Eason. J. B 715 Gammon, Arthur 1 1226

Crowell, Caleb T 354 Eason. R 733 Garcelon, Frank. M. D 858

Crowell, Weymouth 487 Edgar, W. F.. M. D 547 Garcelon, George W 589

Crowell, William C 839 Edmunds, Cassius 1292 Gardiner, F. 1 852

Crowther, William 1182 Edwards. S. J 716 Garland, A. A 1117

Cummings, John B 794 Edwards, William B 716 Garretson. Joseph M 477

Cummings, John F 477 Fichholz, Philip 1268 Gates, Lucius D 714

Cummings. M. S 1070 Eldridge. S. Tuston 858 Gavin. Alexander 1218

Cunnane, J. B 389 Elliot, Walter 727 Gaylord. John D 828

Cunnane, T. E., M. D 390 Elliott. T Vincent 728 Gaylord, Robert H 1250

Cunnane, W. B.. M. D 389 Elliott. Robert P S48 Gibbon. Hon. T. E 1276

Currier, Hon. A. T 1012 Elliott. Thomas H 578 Gibbs. James R 726

Curtis, Charles 425 Ellis, Capt. G. F 107S Gibler, Daniel 526

Cushman, E. B 1138 Ellis, H. B.. :M. D 1274 Gibson, Hon. James A 1004

Cutting, T. R 745 Fllis, William D 536 Gibson. Frank A 1225

n Elton. Charles 1051 Gidiicy, CM 714

Emerv. Frederick B 941 Gilbert. Charles S 854

Daggett. Charles D 1072 Emerv. Mrs. Sarah B 94i Glassell. Andrew 1288

Daily, Charles J ii3S Engclhardt. John P 1274 Glassell, Andrew. Sr 237

Dakin, Henry M 1009 Fngstrum, F. 0 1047 Glassell, Hugh 704

Dandy, Charles P .369 Eppinger. J. A 1228 Glassell, William T 751

Daniels, Capt. M. J 853 Erickson. John 1072 Glauber, Rev. Ludger 710

Darby, John H 97i Esterlv. Llovd H 1203 Glowner. G. G 1288

Davenport, D. L 540 Fvans. Miss Fliz.ibcth P 75i Gochenauer & Fiset, M. D 1113

Davidson, Stephen M O71 Evans. John M 1268 Goetz, Henry X 859

INDEX.

Page. Page. Page.

Golish, T. A 1045 Hazzard, Augustus C 323 Johnson, Hon. C. F. A. -iic

Goiter, Edward 846 Heartwell, James F 578 Johnson, J. W ' 1286

Goodale, O. E 677 Heath, Col. Russel 1005 Jones, Mrs. A. W " 1084

Goode, George W 704 Hebbard, Arthur H 968 Jones, B. E 906

Goodridge, Ira C 1227 Heim, Ferdinand A 979 Jones, Gen. Johnstone 1281

Gower, George T 1233 Hein, J 465 Jones, Mrs. M. G. B '. 721

Granger. Charles H 1114 Heiss, William A 683 Jones, Otho M 1148

Grant, .A.lexander 1201 Hellman, Herman W 1188 Jones, Hon. Robert F 1^56

Grant, William R 708 Helmcr, Mrs. H. G 697 Judkins, George W. ....'..'.'.. 2^0

Graves. Frank 297 Henderson, Edward, M. D.... 317 Judson, Homer W 540

Gray, William M 907 Henderson, William 311 Julian, William B ". 942

Greeley, John P loio Hennion, Frank R 680 Juvinall, D. E 768

Green, Elisha K 703 Herring. G. W 1163 -^^

Green, Mary J., M. D 1278 Hess, William J 1120 '^

Green, Hon. P. M 226 Hetebrink, Henry 1183 Kahles, Frank 529

Greenwell. A. C 709 Hewitt, John J 781 Kahn, Lazard 259

Greenwell, Hon. C. B 1088 Hill, George W 846 Kanouse, Theodore D 1220

Greenwell, Capt. W. E 473 Hill, James A 240 Kelscy, Theodore A 6q?

Gregg, Robert J., M. D 966 Hill, John G 737 Kiler, J. P :'.::::; 488

Gregory, Albert 752 Hill, Samuel 833 Kimball, Warren C •142

Griffith, Alfred P 1273 Hinman, Elliott 883 Kimmell, W. E 859

Griffith, Rev. E. P 540 Hirsch, George F 944 King, C. E 1107

Griffith, Griffith J 1277 Hlavin, Louis 1251 King, Charles L., M. D 691

Grimes, Charles 617 Hoar, C. E 696 Kinney, Hon. Abbot 1273

Grinnell, Fordyce, M. D 697 Hockett, L. D., M. D 893 Kitchen, George 1202

Guinn, James M 279 Hoeppner, Herman 756 Klamroth, Hon. H. H 707

Guthridge, C. F 710 Hoffman, Abel P 1211 Klasgj'e, J. W 1082

Gwaltney, Sylvester, M. D.... 1224 Hoffman, J. H 1233 Klassen, Michael 324

Gwaltney, J. S., M. D 1224 Hohl, Lawrence 317 Koepke, Henry 1287

TT Holcomb. Rev. F. R 1199 Koopman, William H 260

"■ Holland, L. T., M. D 383 .

Haase, Hermann 303 Hollenbeck, Edward H 764

Hache, L 443 Hollenbeck, Francis A 354 Lacy, Theo 1183

Hadacheck, J. C 1201 Hollenbeck, John E 1280 La Grange, Gen. O. H 253

Hadley, Washington 1223 HoIHster, Edgar A 480 Lallich, Peter 982

Hagadorn, J. Lee, M. D 394 Hollister, Col. W. W 402 Lancaster, E. F 823

Hahn. Benjamin W 1222 Holmes, J. H 972 Lane, John 531

Hall, Duane F 966 Holmes, Thomas 757 Langenberger, August 1071

Hall, Julius F 302 Hooker, Henry C 1234 Lataillade, C. E 525

Halladay, Daniel 565 Horton, Alonzo E 335 Lawton, John Percy 379

Halsted, S. Hazard 672 Horton, James M 680 Layne. W. H 526

Hamilton, Horace G 298 Hosmer, N. H 834 Lee, Bradner W 553

Hamilton, William 686 Hostetter, Moses 582 Legrand, Louis J 641

Hammond, Mrs. N. E., M. D. 947 Houghton. S. 0 548 Lehmann. Leon 1106

Hammons. John W 691 Howard, Joseph 1200 Lewis, Clayton 324

Hancock, D. R., M. D 925 Howard. Perry A 318 Lewis, Henry 295

Hanlcy, James 1215 Howes, Felix C 557 Lewis, James C 524

Hannon, J. Vincent 950 Howland, Capt. C. H 1124 Lewis, W. H., M. D 400

Hannum, Luther C 953 Hughes, George W 684 Linck, F. X 1251

Hansen, C. M 303 Hughes. James B 968 Lindenfeld, Frank 257

Hansen, Col. L. P 239 Hugus. John W 479 Lindenfeld, Nicholas, M. D... 551

Hansen, W. G 1118 Hunter, John j\r 679 Lindholm, E. E 975

Hardacre, Mrs. Emma C 581 Hutton, A. W 1278 Lindley, Walter, M. D 1272

Hardy, Capt. Isaac B 692 Hyer, Mrs. Elizabeth 1222 Linquest, A. L 514

Harnett, Ernest T 967 -, Linville, J. T 920

Harris, David 1155 -^ Lisk, Byron 725

Harris, Capt. Emil 1090 Imler, David H 599 Lloyd, Thomas 258

Harris, Rev. John H 752 Ingersoll. C. K 756 Longacre, J. E 883

Harris. Will A 1276 Ingvaldsen, Thorvald 683 Longawa, John 524

Hart, Reuben 690 Irwin, John 689 Loughery, W. B 1164

Hartman, Fridolin 1144 Isbell, James F 323 Love, J. H., M. D 1102

Hartman, Simon 686 Ivins, Hon. C. H 349 Lowe, Thaddeus S. C 1271

Hartwell. Calvin 1082 j Loynes, Richard 972

Harwood, Thomas io6g ■' Lucas, W. T., M. D 457

Hasse, Col. H. E.. M. D 384 Jackson. William 0 758 Luce, Hon. M. A 483

Hassinger, J. H 1156 Jacobi. Louis 318 Lukens, Hon. T. P 678

Hasson, D. W., M. D 1199 Janes, J. Ely, M. D 1293 Lutz, William F 1190

Haugherty, Charles S 315 Jaques, Charles M 768 Lvon, Robert B 1144

Ilaupt, Paul 312 Jardine. John E 1162 ,,

Hawe, Rev. Patrick 399 Jeffries, Rev. .'\. C 1284 ^^

Hayden, B. T 321 Jeffries, James J 1253 Mc.-Meer, Owen 864

Hayes, John 304 Jenness. A. L 246 Mc.\rthur. John 1237

Hayes, Rev. M. C 289 Jennings. George F 1285 McCay, Charles B 1151

Hayes. Orrin H 1083 Jensen, Ernest 322 .AlcCoy, A. D. S., M. D 976

Hayne, Col. W. A 911 Jensen. Henry C 1202 McCutchcon. Joseph E 8to

Hazard, Willet B 824 John, J. S 975 McDivitt. Frank P 1097

Hazeltine, Herbert S 1190 Johnson, Capt. A. H 803 McDonald, Duncan 419

INDEX.

Page.
266

!!:S^:;»S„^ ":::::;:: ;:S SSr^u:'.;;:::;::;:;:: ^1 IXJ^cJ?;;?^;::;::::;:;;:; ,S

McFadden. Archie
:McF':idden. J

McFadden, Robert do- -• -■■ •■■■■•

McFadden. William M 685 Noycs, Hon. J. b. .

637 North. JudRc J. W 1192

Notthoff. H 1267

1 163
R

John

McKce, James R 5o6 Nn

McKevett. Charles H 5I3

McLaiii; George P 40S

McNeil, Archibald 84S ^, ^„„„^-„. ^

McPherson, Robert •■•-•••• «oo Oldendorf. J. M
Mackinlay. Robert. M. D.... 222 - - ■>

Macomber. A. K 291

Maddock. J. A 976

Magee. Mrs. Jean K. . 8/7

Malcolm. Mrs. Emma L 123/

902

673

I "scph 584 Radebaugh, J. M.. M. D 216

C Rademacher, Frank 601

Raibley, M. W 1286

O'Donnell. John 9I3 Ramsanr. William P 887

J M lOio Ramsev. William M 1094

oirveT t" 918 Randall. W. T.. A. M 233

Oliver! William J 872 Rankin. Hon. J. H 420

Olnev. I-".. W 1153 Rapp. John B 773

Ord.Robcrt B 253 Rasey. C. W S88

Orella, .\ntonio J 1164 Reber. Capt. S. F 271

Orena. Don Caspar 452 Rebman, John 913

Orr Hon. Orestes 215 Reed, John Henry II95

Orton. Robert S84 Reeve. Mrs. Jennie A 1287

Osborn. William M 1239 Reilly. Edward F ^^ 590

O'Sullivan, John 761 Reynolds, BelleL., M. D 606

Ozmun, Aaron M 1205 Reynold

Mallgren. John N
Manning. C. D...

March. D. W »"

Marchant, Samuel A »04

Markham, Hon. H. H...^...- 1289

Marsh, M. Ella W.. M. D.... 260

Martin, Capt. D. W i059

Martin, W. W n" f

Mason, Charles C ^ ^ ,,■ t ,

Mathis T A °°° Paddison. John ...

Mattison.F. C. E.. M. D 61I Page. B. M.. M. D

Maulhardt. Albert F 503 Paine. Frederick H 937

Alav Tohn A 923 Painter. Milton D 1272

,^L' •' T?" i 86=; P.lmer Noah II93

264

Dr. P. R....
Rice. Hon. Thomas A.

Richards, Jarrett T

Richards. W. D. F

Richardson, C. M

Meigs,

Fred

Mendenhall, J. F

Mermilliod, J. A 865 Palomares, Porfi:

Merwin, Rev. A. M

Meserve, A. F

Metcalf. W. B

Miller, C. F., M. D

Miller, Isaac

Miller, J. C. F

Richardson. Henry C 513

Rives. James C 348

o£ „ , ,, , , ,„, Rizor, E. A 344

865 Palmer, Noali. ...^ ii93 Roberts. John II54

..993

.. 994

.. 1 199

Peveril 379 Palomares. Frank J. 1238 Roberts. L. S.

520 Palomares, Jose D

Park. James M ^017

9»i Parks. Heber C "86

492 Parks. I. W 81S

905 Parks. William S 893

559 Parsons. John D. 1182 ^^^ r j

".G-- S^2 Roeder, Louii

^„ Roberts, Capt. W. C...
^1° Roberts, William L....

Robertson. R. F

Robinson. Richard O...

Robinson. W. D

Roblee, W. W., M. D.

554 Palerson. Johr

Miller' Joseph M 1017 Patterson, Charles E ^^^

Slills. 'Alexander F 234 Patterson, Wilson C io,35 Rommel. William

Roeder,

Rogers. William M.

60;

Peabody. Henry A.
421 Pearson, Charles H..
986 Pearson, George M..
196 Peck, George H., Jr.

925 Peck. George H., Sr 90T

590
iotS

228

817
276
594

1 194
953
536
817

1249

Mills, Col. John H

Mitchell, Henry M

Mitchell, Newel H

Montgomery, Harrison L

Moore. B. A

Moore' Capt. William 347 Peck. W. H

More. John F 225 Peed. John T

Morgan, J. E 81 1 Pemberton. L. B .

Morgan, William 75? Penney. W illiam A.

Morrill, Frank E 553 Perce. I.. A.. M. D

Morrison. J. W 806 Perrin. Leonard .. .

Morse Bradford "91 Pcrrv. Belmont . . .

Morse, Oscar 552 Perry. William H. .

Morton, Albert 8»i Pgtit. Justin "^?

Mosbaugh. George J 1 188 Pettibone. William H "93 S

Mott, Stephen H 1006 Pettis. Beniamin F 625 ,,

Mott Hon. T. D 1272 PMns. Hiram 872 Safifell Z^ C "60

Mull, Frederick 1250 Phillips. A. T i253 Sale, F. M . . . . . .^ 23.3

Miluer, H. R 624 Phillips, T.ouis 1239 Sahsburv, Mitchell H 673

S 907 Pico, Don Pio "87 Salter, J. . . . . OgQ

^ Pierce. Anthonv R 769 Sams, Eaton T, 987

N Pierce, Prof. E. T 435 Sanborn, Arthur N 021

Remi 1203 Pierce, W. H 600 Sanderson, J. L

Myers, W.

Rose, Leonard J. Jr.. .

Rose, Martin W

Rothrock, A. B

Rowland, John

Roval, A. B., M. D....

Ro'ver, T. J

Rugglcs, H. C 85t

Rundell, Eli 291

Rush, Abner 6i8

Rust, J. C 272

Rutherford, George, Sr 1075

Rutherford. Stephen 257

Rvan, Henrv N 529

Nade

Z. W.. M. D.

M. D.

323 Pinney. R. H 403 Saunders,

871 Pitzer. S. C "67 Save, Tuan

749 Plant. Marcus S 816 .^awtclle. \\ . E.

965 Piatt, George E QOi Sawver W B

1252 Pollard. Tliomas 760 Saxby. J. Bert, U. U. b.

635 Pope, Hon. J. D 1206 .Schee Brothers

982 Pone. W. F 920 Schcerer. Conrad

1254 Scheerer, lohn

Neighbours, Allen W

Neisser, Edward

Nelson, H, A

Nelson, John

Newby. Henry ••

Newcomb. A. T.. M. D

Newton. W. ^"tanton .'.'. 668 Porter. Xndrew 0 1254 Scheerer, 1 ohn , 1273

Ney M ss Marie A 793 Porter. Don C I2S4 Schiappa Pie ra, Cav. L. ..... . 367

Nichols. B. S 931 Pouer. Milo M TO06 Schilling. W lUiam .

Nicolaus, Henry 7^2 Power. George C 12.2 Schmidt. Theodore E.

Nidever, John M .583 Pow, rs TTon P, W ,3.38 Schro.

Niemann, Ferdinand 3io Prell. John G.

Niemeyer, A 866 Protcr, J.iscph

Adelmo "68

Schrocder, Hugo "69

S60 Schwartz, John F 1255

INDEX.

Page. Page. p^^g^

Scott, Henry A 889 Stantun, E. J 1172 Turner, L. C 824

Scott, John 770 Starkweather, G. A 1260 Tvler, Eckford D " 77^

Scott, William H. H 966 State Normal School 431 " ,, ''"

Seabert, Frank A 1126 Steade, J. U., M. D 390 U

Seaman, W. W 1034 Stearns, George L 797 University of Southern Cali-

Sebastian, J. L 1213 Stebbins, Charles L 924 fornia 2^'

Sebelius, C 924 Steckel, George 1231 Ussher, Paul E 0,2

Selph. Edgar E 290 Stengel, Louis J 1173 Utterback, Mrs. M J "' 876

Sepulveda, A. W 1207 Stepan, M 1174

Sessions, C. H 383 Stephens, Roy B 285 V

Severance, Mrs. CM 309 Stephenson, G. F 1023 Vail. Hugh D 226

Severance, T. C 309 Stevens, G. A 1282 Vail, W. B '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 1024

Se.xton, Joseph 263 Stevens, Frank D 1153 Van Dompselaar, S. W 1176

Shafer, Smith J 818 Stevens, James H 905 Vejar, Abraham H. . 092

Shaffer, E. E 276 Stevens, Lewis W 1246 Venable, P. S 029

Shaw, Capt. George N 1219 Stevens, Wesley L 1152 Vernon, Charles J c->(,

Shaw. James B., M. D 631 Stevenson, Henry H 899 Vesper, A. E ['/.['. 827

Shaw, James E 480 Steward, Leland B 1196 Virden, Benjamin S. . . ' 649

Shaw, S. L 631 Stewart, John M 785 Vivian, Robert P 1178

Sheldon, Gen. L. A 244 Stewart, Nathaniel 400 Von Der Lohe D H P 120-?

Shelton, Rice B 767 Stewart, Walter 0 638 Von Der Lohe, J. H. C. .'.'!".! '. 9S5

Shepherd, William E 1130 Stickney, Mrs. Jeannie E 775 Vredenburgh, Levi 936

Sherman, Charles E 498 Stimson, Thomas D 231

Sherriff, W. J 626 Stine, Jesse S 1160 W

Sherwood, Frederick W 1275 Stockton, T. C, M. D 296 Wagner, Edward M. . 644

Shibley, William 822 Storke, Hon. C. A 500 Waite, George W " ' 1204

Shiels, John 322 Story, Thomas 1125 Waite, L. C 1189

Shipley, G. W 1259 Stoutenburgh, J. B 286 Wakeham, Hubert H ii8i

Shorb, J. De Barth 1197 Strahan, D. W 1015 Waldie, Alexander 483

Simmons, A. B., M. D 888 Stratton, Samuel 1135 Walker, Hon. C. J " 1214

Simms, J. A iigo Streeter, Hon. H. M 709 Walker, Frank 602

Simpson, Thomas F 895 Streets, J. J 643 Walker, S. M 1119

Skidraore, S. S 1024 Strohm, Capt. Thomas 1057 Wallischeck, Rev. Peter 514

Skillen, Charles M 731 Stromee, Gustaf 607 Ward, James F !i004

Slanker. Frank 0 912 Strong, Robert 1132 Warring, Benjamin F 641

Sloan. James E 1022 Stuntz, Rev. J. H 629 Warrmg, Hugh 638

Slosson. C. E 821 Sudden, Robert C 1081 Waterman, W. i\L . . 1089

Smith, C. B 1160 Sudden, W. H 1083 Waters. George H 536

Smith, Charles W 779 Suess, John 917 Waters, Hon. R. J. 1294

Smith, Hon. Fred M 1295 Sullivan, David 776 Waters, Capt. William G. . 649

Smith, George A 1170 Sullivan, P. T 1175 Waters, W. Lacy 650

Smith, Ira 0 494 Sumner, Rev. C. B 1261 Way, E. Henry, M. D 1180

Smith, Joseph 890 Swensen, A 1093 Weales, Thomas 650

Smith. Rufus D., Jr 1023 q, Weber, ]\Ioritz 1269

Smith, Rufus D., Sr 1022 Weber, William P 1089

Smith, Samuel L 632 Taggart, J. W 301 Webster, L.F 611

Smith, Sanford S 979 Talbott, Hon. W. L 1092 Weldon, Rev. S. R 653

Smith, Solon 632 Tallant, E. C 504 Weldon. W. A., M. D 328

Smith, Judge Welcome 1031 Taylor, G. B 539 Wells, Hon. G. W 1275

Smith, Willis H 774 Taylor, Mrs. Nannie A. D. .. . 539 Wentworth, Col. M. C. . . . 1280

Smith, W. R 636 Taylor, Peter, Sr 1175 Werner, Marie B., M. D 877

Snodgrass, Larkin 1205 Teague, Crawfprd P 531 Weston, B. S 1214

Snow, Hiram K., Jr 998 Teague, Robert M 1199 Westover, Prof. O. S 519

Snow, Hiram K., Sr 1195 Tenhaeff, William 722 Wetzel, Martin . 1177

Snyder, F. A 1092 Thayer, George R 883 Weyse. Hon. H. G 406

Snyder. George D 988 Thomas, Benjamin F 1123 Weyse, Julius G 406

Snyder, Hon. M. P 608 Thomas, Milton 425 Wheelan, Miss Naomi 654

Snyder. William P 1171 Thompson, W. A 617 Whipp, Benjamin F 1000

Soto. Juan S 914 Thornburgh, Madison 642 Whitaker. James A I198

Southmayd, N. S 1032 Thornton, William E 1269 White, Albert S 1185

Spader, Louis 636 Thrall, Timothy L 938 White. Caleb E 552

Spaulding, Frank L 1039 Thurman. Reason M 908 White, Miss Edith 1248

Spaulding, Q. L 1172 Tibbals, Barnabas 876 White, James H 1118

Spence, J. P 1282 Tietzen. Paul 0 401 White, John A 857

Spencer, B. F 587 Titus. Luther H 781 White, Hon. S. M 214

Spencer, Thomas, M. D 1185 Todd, M. De L 1117 White, Theodore F 1213

Sprague, B. 0 1244 Todd, Robert A 647 White, Ulvsses E 936

Spring, Wilham F 563 Toland, M. R.. M. D 930 Whiting Perry 999

Sproul, Atwood 896 Toland, Thomas 0 505 Whitted. Dr. Charles 1181

Sproul, Gilbert H 29S Toms, Silas 822 Wickenden. W. F 575

Sproul, William 830 Towle, Charles H 875 Wilev, William H 1034

Spurgeon, Granville 805 Townsend. Stephen 1131 Wilkinson, Qark G 786

Spurgeon, William H 661 Trask, Hon. D. K 552 Wilkinson, John B 1000

St. Anthony's College 517 Traster. William H 1094 Willett, Hon. C. J 1087

Staats, William R 998 Trotter, J. P 809 Williams, Albert C 1264

Stambach, H. L., M. D 637 Truax, R. C 1124 Williams, Hon. B. T 655

Stanley, C. N 1026 Turner, Elbert B 1091 Williams, George M 659

INDEX.

lliams, Mrs. Julia F

Williams. John H

lliams, J. McCoy

lliams, O. D

Uoughby. James R

llson

John A

Ison.

A. C.J

Wilson,

Allen J

Ison,

Jerome C

V\'

Ison

P.J

Ison,

R. H

Page. Page. Page.

510 Wing, William A 1178 Woodbury, George B 788

396 Wiswell, Royal 659 Woods, Alvin M

439 Witherspoon, Isaac A 733 Woodward, S. K

1249 Wolfskin. William 1273 Woodworth, J. H

269 Wood. Harry 660 Woolley, L, J

1188 Wood, Henry P 343 Workman, William H 1021

387 Wood, John W 876 Works, Hon. J. D 1206

895 Wood, Joshua 787 Worthley, F. A 882

1151 Wood, J. W., M. D 1003 ^

656 Wood. Thomas D 661 ^

786 Wood. Rev. W. 0 1270 York, Hon. W. M 1271

1 179
926

926

HISTORICAL.

(insTclKIAN.)

, yUA/l^i^^^

CHAPTER 1.

SPANISH DISCOVERIES ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

THE unparalleled success of our aniiy and
navy in our recent war with Spain has
bred in us a contempt for -the Spanish
soldier and sailor; and, in. our overm'astering-
Anglo-Saxon conceit, we are inclined to con-
sider our race the conservator of enterprise, ad-
venture and martial valor; while on the other
hand we regard the Spanish Celt a prototype
of indolence, and as lacking in energy and cour-
age.

And yet there was a time when these race con-
ditions were seemingly reversed. There was a
time when Spain, to-day moribund, dying of
political conservatism, ignorance and bigotry,

.was the most energetic, the most enterprising
and the most adventurous nation of Europe.

A hundred years before our Pilgrim Fathers
landed on Plymouth Rock. Spain had flourish-
ing colonies in America. Eighty-five years be-
fore the first cabin was built in Jamestown,
Cortes had conquered and made tributary to the
Spanish crown the empire of Mexico — a country
marc populous and many times larger than
Spain herself. Ninety years before the Dutch

. had planted the germ of a settlement on Man-
hattan Island — the site of the future metropolis
of the new world — Pizarro, the swineherd of
Truxillo, with a handful of adventurers, had con-
(|nered Peru, the richest, most populous and
most civilized empire of America.

In less than fifty years after the discovery of
.\mcrica by Columbus, Balboa had discovered
the Pacific Ocean; Magellan, sailing through
the straits that still bear his name and crossing
the wide Pacific, had discovered the Islands of
tlie Setting Sun (now the Philippines) and his
ship had circunmavigated the globe; Alvar Nu-
nez (better known as Cabeza de \^aca), with
tiiree coiupanions, the only survivors of three
hundred men Narvaez landed in Florida, after
years of wandering among the Indians, had
crossed the continent overland from the Atlantic
to the Pacific: Coronado had penetrated the in-
terior of the North American continent to the
plains of Kansas ; Alarcon had reached the head
of the Gulf of California and sailed up the Rio
Colorado; and Cabrillo, the discoverer of .\lt.i
California, had explored the Pacific ('(last ni

America to the 44th parallel of North Latitude.

\\'hile the English were cautiously feeling
their tvay along the North Atlantic Coast of.
America and taking possession of a few bays and
harbors, the Spaniards had possessed themselves
of- nearly all of the South American continent
and more than one-third of the North American.
When we consider the imperfect arms with
which the Spaniards made their conquests, and
the lumbering and unseaworthy craft in which
they explored unknown and uncharted seas, we
are surprised at their success and astonished at
their enterprise and daring.

The ships of Cabrillo were but little better
than floating tubs, square rigged, high decked,
broad bottomed — they sailed almost equally well
with broadside as, with keel to the wave. Even
the boasted galleons of Spain were but little bet-
ter than caricatures of maritime architecture —
huge, clumsy, round-stemmed vessels, with sides
from the water's edge upward sloping inward,
and built up at stem and stern like castles —
they rocked and rolled their way across the
ocean. Nor were storms and shipwreck on un-
known seas the mariner's greatest dread nor -his
deadliest enemies. That fearful scourge of the
high seas, the dreaded escorbuto, or scurvy, al-
ways made its appearance on long voyages and
sometimes exterminated the entire ship's crew.
Sebastian Viscaino, in 1602, with three ships and
two hundred men, sailed out of Acapulco to ex-
plore the Coast of California. At the end of a
voyage of eleven months the San Tomas re-
turned with nine men alive. Of the crew of the
Tres Reys (Three Kings) only five returned ; and
his flag' ship, the San Diego, lost more than
half her men.

A hundred and sixty-seven years later Galvez
fitted out an expedition for the colonization of
California. He despatched the San .Antonio and
the San Carlos as a complement of the land ex-
peditions under Portola and Scrra. The San
.\ntonio, after a prosperous voyage of fifty-
seven davs from Cape San Lucas, anchored in
San Diego harbor. The San Carlos, after a
tedious voyage of one hundred and ten days
froiu La Paz. drifted into San Diego Bay, her
crew prostrated with scurvy, not enough able-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

bodied men to man a boat to reach the shore.
When the plague had run its course, of the crew
of the San Carlos one sailor and a cook were all _
that were alive. The San Jose, despatched sev- "
eral months later from San Jose del Cabo with
mission supplies and a double crew to supply
the loss of men on the other vessels, was never
heard of after the day of her sailing. Her fate
was doubtless that of many a gallant ship before
her time. Her crew, prostrated by the scurvy,
none able to man the ship, not one able to wait
upon another, dying, dying, day by day until all
are dead — then the vessel, a floating charnel
house, tossed by the winds and. buffeted by the
waves, sinks at last into the ocean's depths and
her ghastly tale of horrors forever remains un-
told.

It is to the energy and adventurous spirit of
Hernan Cortes, the conqueror of Mexico, that
we owe the discovery of California at so early a
period in the age of discoveries. Scarcely had
he completed the conquest of Mexico before he
began preparations for new conquests. The vast
unknown regions to the north and northwest
of Mexico proper held within them possibilities
of illimitable wealth and spoils. To the explora-
tion and conquest of these he bent his energies.

In 1522, but three years after his landing in
Alexico, he had established a shipyard at Zaca-
tula, on the Pacific Coast of Mexico, and began
building an exploring fleet. But from the very
beginning of his enterprise "unmerciful disaster
followed him fast and followed him faster." His
warehouse at Zacatula, filled with ship-building
material, carried at great expense overland from
\'era Cruz, was burned. Shipwreck and mutiny
at sea ; disasters and defeat of his forces on land ;
treachery of his subordinates and jealousy of
royal officials thwarted his plans and wasted his
substance. After expending nearly a million
dollars in explorations and attempts at coloniza-
tion, disappointed, impoverished, fretted and
worried by the ingratitude of a monarch for
whom he had sacrificed so much, he died in 1547,
at a little village near Seville, in Spain.

It was through a mutiny on one of Cortes'
ships that the peninsula of California was dis-
covered. In 1533, Cortes had fitted out two new
ships for exploration and discoveries. On one
of these, commanded by Becerra de Mendoza, a
mutiny broke out headed by Fortune Ximenez,
the chief pilot. Mendoza was killed and his
friends forced to go ashore on the coast of
Jalisco, where they were abandoned. Ximenez
and his mutinous crew sailed directly away from
the coast and after being at sea for a number of
days discovered what they supposed to be an
island. They landed at a place now known as
La Paz, in Lower California. Here Ximenez

and twenty of his companions were reported to
have been killed by the Indians. The remainder
of the crew navigated the ship back to Jalisco,
where they reported the discovery. In 1535
Cortes landed at the same port where Ximenez
had been killed. Here he attempted to plant a
colony, but the colony scheme was a failure and
the colonists returned to Mexico.

The last voyage of exploration made under
the auspices of Cortes was that of Francisco de
U;ioa in 1539-40. He sailed up the Gulf of Cali-
fornia to its head, skirting the coast of the main
land, then turning he sailed down the eastern
shore of the peninsula, doubled Cape San
Lucas and sailed up the Pacific Coast of Lower
California to Cedros Island, where, on account
of head winds, and his provisions being nearly "
exhausted, he was forced to return. His voyage
proved that what hitherto had been considered
an island was a peninsula. The name California
had been applied to the peninsula when it was
supposed to be an island, some time betiveen
1535 ^nd 1539. The name was undoubtedly
taken from an old Spanish romance, "The
Sergas de Esplandian," written by Ordonez de
Montalvo, and published in Seville about 15 10.
This novel was quite popular in the times of
Cortes and ran through several editions. This
romance describes an island "on the right hand
of the Indies, very near the Terrestrial Paradise,
which was peopled with black women without
any men among them, because they were accus-
tomed to live after the fashion of Amazons."
The supposition that the Indies lay at no great
distance to the left of the supposed island no
doubt suggested the fitness of the name, but
who first applied it is uncertain.

.So far the explorations of the North Pacific
had not extended to what in later years was
known as Alta California. It is true .-Marcon,
the discoverer of the Colorado River in 1540,
may possibly have set foot on Californian soil,
and Melchoir Diaz later in the same year may
have done so when he led an expedition to the
mouth of the Colorado, or Buena Guia, as it was
then called, but there were no interior boundary
lines, and the whole country around the Colo-
rado was called Pimeria. .\Iarcon had returned
from his voyage up the Gulf of California with-
out accomplishing any of the objects for which
he had been sent by \'iceroy Mendoza. Coro-
nado was still absent in search of Ouivera and
the fabulous seven cities of Cibola. Mendoza
was anxious to prosecute the search for Quivera
still further. Pedro de Alvarado had arrived at
Navidad from Guatemala with a fleet of 12 ships
and a license from the crown for the discovery
and conciuest of islands in the South Seas. Men-
doza. I)v sharp practice, IkuI obtained a iialf in-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

terest in the projected discoveries. It was pro-
posed before beginning the voyage to the South
Seas to employ Alvarado's fleet and men in
exploring the Gulf of California and the country
to the north of it, but before the expedition was
ready to sail an insurrection broke out among
the natives of Nueva Galacia and Jalisco. Al-
varado was sent with a large part of his force to
suppress it. In an attack upon a fortified strong-
hold he was killed by the insurgents. In the
meantime Coronado's return dispelled the myths
of Ouivera and the seven cities of Cibola ; dis-
approved Padre Niza's stories of their fabulous
wealth and dissipated Mendoza's hopes of find-

ing a second Mexico or Peru in the desolate
regions of Pimeria. The death of Alvarado had
left the fleet at Navidad without a commander,
and Mendoza having obtained full possession of
the fleet it became necessary for him to find
something for it to do. Five of the ships were
despatched under command of Ruy Lopez de
Yillalobos to the Islas de Poniente or the Islands
of the Setting Sun (on this voyage Villalobos
changed the name of these islands to the Philip-
pines) to establish trade with the islanders, and
two of the ships under Cabrillo were sent to ex-
plore the northwest coast of the mainland of
North America. ^

CHAPTER II.

THE DISCOVERY OF NUEVA OR ALTA CALIFORNIA.

JUAN RODRIGUEZ CABRILLO (gener-
ally reputed to be a Portuguese by birth,
but of this there is no positive evidence)
sailed from Navidad, June 27, 1542, with two
ships, the San Salvador and Vitoria. On the
20th of August he reached Cabo del Engaiio,
the Cape of Deceit, the highest pomt reached by
Ulloa. From there he sailed on unknown seas.
On the 28th of September he discovered "a land
locked and very good harbor," which he named
San Miguel, now supposed to be San Diego.
Leaving there October 3, he sailed along the
coast eighteen leagues to the islands some seven
leagues from the mainland. These he named
after his ships, San Salvador and Vitoria, now
Santa Catahna and San Clemente. On the 8th
of October he crossed the channel between the
islands and the mainland and sailed into a port
which he named Bahia de Los Fumos, the Bay
of Smokes. The bay and the headlands were
shrouded in a dense cloud of smoke, hence the
name.

The Bahia de Los Fumos, or Fuegos, is now
known as the Bay of San Pedro. Sixty-seven
years before Hendrick Hudson entered the Bay
of New York, Cabrillo had dropped anchor in
the Bay of San Pedro, the future port of Los
Angeles. After sailing six leagues farther, on
October 9, Cabrillo anchored in a large ensenada
or bight, Vi'hich is supposed to be what is now
the Bay of Santa Monica. It is uncertain whether
he landed at either place. The next day he sailed
eight leagues to an Indian town, which he named
the Pueblo de Las Canoas (the town of canoes),
this was probably located near the present site
of San Buenaventura. Continuing his voyage
up the coast he passed through the Santa Bar-
bara Channel, discovering the Islands of Santa

Cruz, Santa Rosa and San Miguel. He discov
ered and entered Monterey Bay and reached the
latitude of San Francisco Bay, when he was
forced by severe storms to return to the island
now known as San Miguel, in the Santa Barbara
Channel. There he died, January 3, 1543, from
the effects of a fall, and was buried on the island.

The discoverer of California sleeps in an un-
known grave in the land he discovered. No
monument commemorates his virtues or his
deeds. His fellow voyagers named the island
where he was buried Juan Rodriguez after their
brave commander, but subsequent navigators
robbed him of even this slight honor. Barto-
lome Ferrelo, his chief pilot, continued the ex-
ploration of the coast and on March i, 1543.
discovered Cape Blanco, in tlie southern part of
what is now Oregon. His provisions being
nearly exhausted he was compelled to turn back.
He ran down the coast, his ships having become
separated in a storm at San Clemente Island,
they came together again at Cerros Island and
both safely reached Navidad, April 18, 1543,
after an absence of nearly a year. Cabrillo's
voyage was the last one undertaken as a private
enterprise by the Viceroys of New Spain. The
law giving licenses to subjects to make explora-
tions and discoveries was changed. Subsequent
explorations were made under the auspices of
the kings of Spain.

For nearly seventy years the Spaniards had
held undisputed sway on the Pacific Coast of
America. Their isolation had protected the
cities and towns of the coast from the plunder-
ing raids of the buccaneers and other sea rovers.
Immunity from danger had permitted the build-
ing up of a flourishing trade along the coast and
weaUh had flowed into the Spanish cofTers. But

JlISToKiCAL AND JlKx^RAriilCAL RECORD.

llu'ir dream of security was to be rudely broken.

Francis Drake, the bravest and most daring of
the sea kings of the i6th century, had early won
wealth and fame by his successful raids in the
Spanish West Indies. When he proposed to fit
out an expedition against the Spanish settle-
ments on the Pacific, although England and
Spain was at peace with each other, he found
plenty of wealthy patrons to aid him, even Queen
Elizabeth herself taking a share in his venture.
He sailed from Plymouth, England, December
13, 1577, with five small vessels. When he
reached the Pacific Ocean by way of the Straits
of Magellan he had but one "the Golden Hind"
a ship of one hundred tons. All the others
had turned back or been left behind. Sailing up
the Coast of South America he spread terror
among the Spanish settlements, robbing towns
and capturing ships, until, in the quaint language
of a chronicler of the expedition, he "had loaded
his vessel with a fabulous amount of fine wares
from Asia, precious stones, church ornaments,
gold plate and so mooch silver as did ballas the
Goulden Hinde." With treasure amounting to
"eight hundred, sixty sixe thousand pezos (dol-
lars) of silver * * * a hundred thousand
pezos of gold * * * and other things of great
worth he thought it not good to returne by the
(Magellan) streights * * * least the Span-
iards should there waite, and attend for him in
great numbers and strength whose hands, he
being left but one ship, he could not possibly
escape."

By the first week in March, 1579, he had
reached the entrance to the Bay of Panama.
Surfeited with spoils and loaded with plunder it
became necessary for him to find as speedy a
passage homeward as possible. To return by
the way he had come was to invite certain de-
struction. So he resolved to seek for the fabled
Straits of Anian, which were believed to con-
nect the Atlantic and Pacific. Striking boldly
out on the trackless ocean he sailed more than a
thousand leagues northward. Encountering
contrary winds and cold weather, he gave up his
search for the straits and turning he ran down
the coast to latitude 38°, where "hee found a har-
borow for his ship." He anchored in it Jnne 17,
1579. lliis harbor is now known as Drake's
Ray and is situated about half a degree north of
.San Francisco under Point Reyes.

Fletcher, the chronicler of Drake's voyage, in
his narrative "The \\orld Encompassed," says:
"The 3d day following, viz. the 21st, our ship
having received a leake at sea was brought to
anchor neercr th.c shoare that her goods being
landed she might be repaired ; but for that we
were to prevent any danger that might chance
against our safety our Gcnerall first of rill landed

his men with all necessary provision to build
tents and make a fort for the defense of ourselves
and goods ; and that we might under the shelter
of it with more safety (whatever should befall)
end our businesse."

The ship was drawn upon the beach, careened
on its side, caulked and refitted. While the crew
were repairing the ship the natives visited them
in great numbers. From some of their actions
Drake inferred that the natives regarded himself
and his men as gods ; to disabuse their minds of
such a false impression he had his chaplain,
Francis Fletcher, perform divine service accord-
ing to the English Episcopal ritual. After the
service they sang psalms. The Indians en-
joyed the singing, but their opinion of Fletcher's
sermon is not known. From certain ceremonial
performances of the Indians, Drake imagined
that they w-ere offering him the sovereignty of
their country; he accepted the gift and took
formal possession of it in the name of Queen
Elizabeth. He named it New Albion "for two
causes; the one in respect of the white bankes
and clifTes which ly towardes the sea ; and the
other because it might have some aflfinitie with
our own countrey in name which sometimes was
so called." *

After the necessary repairs to the ship were
made, "our Generall, with his company, made a
journey up into the land." "The inland we found
to be farre different from the shoare, a goodly
country and fruitful soyle, stored with many
blessings fit for the use of man ; infinite was the
company of very large and fat deere which
there we saw by thousands as we supposed in a
heard." * They saw also great numbers of
small burrowing animals which they called
conies, but which were probably ground squir-
rels, although the narrator describes the animal's
tail as "Hke the tayle of a rat eceeding long." Be-
fore departing, Drake caused to be set up a mon-
ument to show- that he had taken possession of
the country. His monument was a post sunk in
the ground to which was nailed a brass plate en-
graven with the name of the English Queen, the
day and year of his arrival and that the king
and people of the country had voluntarily be-
come vassals of the English crown. .\ new six-
pence was also nailed to the post to show her
highness' picture and arms. ( )n the 23rd of
July, 1579, Drake sailed away, much to the
regret of the Indians, who "took a sorrowful
farewell of us but being loathe to leave us they
presently runne to the top of the hils to keepe
us in sight as long as they cou'd, making fires
before and behind and on each side of them
burning therein sacrifices at our departure."*

* World Encompassed.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

J [c crusscd the Pacific Ocean and by way
of the Cape of Good Hope reached England,
September 26, 1580, after an absence of nearly
three years, having encompassed the world. He
believed himself to be the first discoverer of
the country he called New Albion. "The Span-
iards," says Drake's chaplain, Fletcher, in his
World Encompassed, "never had any dealings
or so much as set a foote in this country, the
utmost of their discoveries reaching only to
many degrees southward of this place." The
English had not yet begun planting colonies in
the new world, so no further attention was paid
to Drake's discovery of New Albion, and Cali-
fornia remained a Spanish possession.

Sixty years have passed since Cabrillo's visit
to California, and in all these years Spain has
made no efifort to colonize it. Only the In-
dian canoe has cleft the waters of its southern
lia)-s and harbors. Far out to the westward be-
yond the islands the yearly galleon from Ma-
nila, freighted with the treasures of "Ormus and
of Ind," sailed down the coast of California to
Acapulco. These ships kept well out from the
southern coast to escape those wolves of the
high seas — the buccaneers ; for, lurking near the
coast of Las Californias, these ocean robbers
watched for the white sails of the galleon, and
woe to the proud ship if they sighted her. She
was chased down by the robber pack and plun-
dered of her treasures. Sixty years have passed
but the Indians of the Coast still keep alive the
tradition of bearded men floating in from the
sea on the backs of monster white winged birds,
and they still watch for the return of their
strange visitors. Sixty years pass and again the
Indian watchers by the sea discern mysterious
white winged objects floating in upon the waters
of the bays and harbors of California. These are
the ships of Sebastian Viscaino's fleet.

Whether the faulty reckoning of Cabrillo left
\'iscaino in doubt of the points named by the
first discoverer or whether it was that he might
receive the credit of their discovery — ^Viscaino
changed the names given by Cabrillo to the
islands, bays and headlands along the coast :
San Miguel of Cabrillo became San Diego, so
named for Viscaino's flag ship ; San Salvador
and La Vitoria became Santa Catalina and San
Clemente ; and Cabrillo's Bahia de Los Fumos
appears on Viscaino's map as the Ensenada de
San Andre.s — the bight or cove of St. An-
drew ; but in a description of the voyage com-
])ilod by the cosmographer, Cabrera Bueno, it
is named San Pedro. It is not named for the
apostle St. Peter, as is generally supposed, but
for St. Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, whose day
in the Catholic calendar is November 26, the
(lav nf the month that Viscaino anchored in the

bay. St. Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, lived in
the third century after Christ. He was be-
headed by order of the African proconsul
Galerius Maxinuis, during the persecution of
the Christians under the Roman Emperor
Valerian. The day of his death was November
26, A. D. 258.

Viscaino found clouds of smoke hanging over
the headlands and bays of the coast just as
Cabrillo had sixty years before, and for cen-
turies preceding, no doubt, the same phenom-
enon might have been seen in the autumn days
of each year. The smoky condition of the at-
mosphere was caused by the Indians burning
the dry grass of the plains. The California
Indian of the coast was not like Nimrod of old,
a mighty hunter. He seldom attacked any
fiercer animal than the festive jack rabbit. Nor
were his futile weapons always sure to bring
down the fleeted-footed conejo. So, to supply
his larder, he was compelled to resort to
strategy. When the summer heat had dried the
long grass of the plains and rendered it exceed-
ingly inflammable the hunters of the Indian
villages set out on hunting expeditions. Mark-
ing out a circle on the plains where the dried
vegetation was the thickest they fired the grass
at several points in the circle. The fire eating
inward drove the rabbits and other small game
back and forth across the narrowing area until,
blinded with heat and scorched by the flames,
they perished. When the flames had subsided
the Indian secured the spoils of the chase,
slaughtered and ready cooked. The scorched
and blackened carcasses of the rabbits might not
be a tempting tidbit to an epicure, but the In-
dian was not an epicure.

Viscaino sailed up the coast, following very
nearly the same route as Cabrillo. Passing
through the Santa Barbara Channel, he found
many populous Indian ranchcrias on the main-
land and the islands. The inhabitants were ex-
pert seal hunters and fishermen, and were pos-
sessed of a number of large, finely constructed
canoes. From one of the villages on the coast
near Point Reyes the chief visited him on his
ship and among other inducements to remain in
the country he offered to give to each Spaniard
ten wives. Viscaino declined the chief's prof-
fered hospitality and the wives. A'iscaino's ex-
plorations did not extend further north than
those of Cabrillo and Drake. The principal ob-
ject of his explorations was to find a harbor of
refuge for the Manila galleons. These vessels
on their outward voyage to the Philippine
Islands kept within the tropics, but on their
return, they sailed up the Asiatic coast to the
latitude of Japan, where, taking advantage of
the westerly winds and the Japan current, they

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

crossed over to about Cape Mendocino and then
ran down the coast of California and Mexico
to Acapulco. Viscaino, in the port he named
Monterey after Conde de Monterey, the then
Viceroy of New Spain (Mexico), claimed to
have discovered the desired harbor.

In a letter to the King of Spain written by
Viscaino from the city of Mexico, May 23,
1603, he gives a glowing description of Cali-
fornia. As it is the earliest known specimen of
California boom literature I transcribe a por-
tion of it : "Among the ports of greater con-
sideration which I discovered was one in thirty-
seven degrees of latitude which I called Mon-
terey. As I wrote to Your Majesty from that
port on the 28th of December (1602) it is all
that can be desired for commodiousness and as
a station for ships making the voyage to the
Philippines, sailing whence they make a land-
fall on this coast. This port is sheltered from all
winds, while on the immediate coast there are
pines, from which masts of any desired size can
be obtained, as well as live oaks and white oaks,
rosemary, the vine, the rose of Alexandria, a
great variety of game, such as rabbits, hares,
partridges and other sorts and species found
in Spain and in greater abundance than in the
Sierra Morena (Mts. of Spain) and flying birds,
of kinds differing from those to be found there.
This land has a genial climate, its waters are
good, and it is very fertile, judging from the
varied and luxuriant growth of trees and
plants; for I saw some of the fruits, particularly
chestnuts and acorns, which are larger than
those of Spain. And it is thickly settled with
people, whom I found to be of gentle disposi-
tion, peaceable and docile, and who can be
brought readily within the fold of the holy gos-
pel and into subjection to the Crown of Your
Majesty. Their food consists of seeds, which
they have in abundance and variety, and of the
flesh of game, such as deer, which are larger
than cows, and bear, and of neat cattle and
bisons and many other animals. The Indians
are of good stature and fair complexion, the
women being somewhat less in size than the
men and of pleasing countenance. The cloth-
ing of the people of the coast lands consists
of the skins of the sea wolves (otter), abound-
ing there, which they tan and dress better than is
done in Castile ; they possess also in great quan-
tity, flax like that of Castile, hemp and cotton,
from which they make fishing lines and nets for
rabbits and hares. They have vessels of pine-
wood very well made, in which they go to sea
with fourteen paddle men of a side with great
dexterity, even in very stormy weather. I was
informed by them and by many others I met
with in great numbers along more than eight

hundred leagues of a thickly settled coast that
inland there are great communities, which they
invited me to visit with them. They manifested
great friendship for us, and a desire for inter-
course; were well affected towards the image
of Our Lady which I showed to them, and very
attentive to the sacrifice of the mass. They
worship different idols, for an account of which
I refer to said report of your viceroy, and they
arc well acquainted with silver and gold and
said that these were found in the Interior."

When Sebastian Viscaino took his pen in
hand to describe a country he allowed his imag-
ination full play. He was a veritable Munchau-
sen for exaggeration. Many of the plants and
animals he describes were not found in Califor-
nia at the time of his visit. The natives were
not clothed in well tanned sea otter skins, but
in their own sun tanned skins, with an occa-
sional smear of paint to give variety to the
dress nature had provided them. The hint
about the existence of gold in California is very
ingeniously thrown in to excite the cupidity of
the king. The object of \'iscaino's boom lit-
erature of three hundred years ago was similar
to that sent in modern times. He was agitating
a scheme for the colonization of the country he
was describing. He visited Spain to obtain per-
mission and means from the king to plant col-
onies in California. After many delays Philip
HI. ordered the Viceroy of New Spain in 1606
to immediately fit out an expedition to be com-
manded by Viscaino for the occupation and
settlement of the port of Monterey. Before the
expedition could be gotten ready Viscaino died
and the colonization scheme died with him. Had
it not been for his untimely death the settle-
ment of California would have antedated that of
Jamestown, Va.

Although Ulloa and Alarcon had reached the
head of the Gulf of California and the latter, in
1540, had discovered the Colorado river; and
despite the fact that Domingo del Castillo, a
Spanish pilot, had made a correct map showing
Lower California to be a peninsula, so strong
was the belief in the existence of the Straits of
Anian that one hundred and sixty years after
the discoveries of these explorers, "Las Cali-
fornias" were still believed to be islands; and
were sometimes called Islas Carolinas or Char-
les' Islands (named for Charles II.. of Spain).
To the German Jesuit Missionary, Father Kuhn,
better known by his Spanish appellation. Father
Kino, belongs the credit of finally dissipating the
fallacy, that California was an island or several
islands. Between 1694 and 1701 he made five
explorations to the country around the head of
the Gulf of California and the junction of the
Gila and Colorado. In 1701 he crossed the Colo-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

rado to the California side and learned from the
natives that the ocean was only ten days' jour-
ney to the westward, but unable to take his pack
animals across the river, he was compelled to

give up a journey to the sea coast. He had
planned a chain of missions to extend up the
peninsula into Alta or Nueva California, but
died before he could carry out his scheme.

CHAPTER 111.

MISSION COLONIZATION.

THE aggrandizement of Spain's empire,
whether by conquest or colonization,
was alike the work of state and church.
The sword and the cross were equally the em-
blems of the conquistador (conqueror) and the
poblador (colonist). The king sent his soldiers
to conquer and hold, the church its well-trained
servants to proselyte and colonize. Spain's pol-
icy of exclusion, which prohibited foreigners
from settling in Spanish-American countries,
retarded the growth and development of her
colonial possessions. Under a decree of Philip
II. it was death to any foreigner who should
enter the Gulf of Mexico or any of the lands
bordering thereon. It was — as the Kings of
Spain found to their cost — one thing to utter a
decree, but quite another to enforce it. Under
such a policy the only means left to Spain to hold
her vast colonial possessions was to proselyte
the natives of the countries conquered and to
transform them into citizens. This had proved
effective with the semi-civilized natives of Mex-
ico and Peru, but with the degraded Indians of
California it was a failure.

After the abandonment of Viscaino's coloniza-
tion scheme of 1606, a hundred and sixty-two
years passed before the Spanish crown made
another attempt to utilize its vast possessions in
Upper California. Every year of this long in-
terval, the Manila ships had sailed down the
coast, but none of them, so far as we know, with
one exception (the San Augustin which was
wrecked in Sir Francis Drake's Bay), had ever
entered its bays or its harbors. Spain was no
longer a first-class power on land or sea. Those
brave old sea kings — Drake, Hawkins and Fro-
bisher — had destroyed her invincible Armada
and burned her ships in her very harbors, the
English and Dutch privateers had preyed upon
her commerce on the high seas, and the bucca-
neers had robbed her treasure ships and devastat-
ed her settlements on the islands and the Span-
ish main, while the freebooters of many na-
tions had time and again captured her Manila
galleons and ravished her colonies on the Pacific
Coast. The profligacy and duplicity of her kings,
the avarice and intrigues of her nobles, the atroc-

ities and inhuman barbarities of her holy inqui-
sition had sapped the vitality of the nation and
subverted the character of her people. Although
Spain had lost prestige and her power was stead-
ily declining she still held to her colonial pos-
sessions. But these were in danger. England,
her old-time enemy, was aggressive and grasp-
ing; and Russia, a nation almost unknown
when Spain was in her prime, was threatening
her possessions on the northwest coast of the
Pacific. The scheme to provide ports of refuge
for the Manila ships on their return voyages,
which had been held in abeyance for a hundred
and sixty years, was again revived, and to it was
added the project of colonizing California to
resist Russian aggression.

The sparsely inhabited colonial dominions of
Spain can furnish but few immigrants. Califor-
nia, to be held, must be colonized. So again
church and state act in concert for the physical
and spiritual conquest of the country. The
sword will convert where the cross fails. The
natives who prove tractable are to be instructed
in the faith and kept under control of the clergy
until they are trained for citizenship ; those who
resist, the soldiers convert with the sword and
the bullet.

The missions established by the Jesuits on the
peninsula of Lower California between 1697 and
1766 had, by royal decree, been given to the
Franciscans and the Jesuits expelled frdin all
Spanish countries. To the Franciscans was en-
trusted the conversion of the gentiles of the
north. In 1768 the visitador-gcneral of New-
Spain, Jose de Galvez, began the preparation of
an expedition to colonize Upper or New Califor-
nia. The state, in this colonization scheme, was
represented liy Governor Caspar de Portola, and
the church by Father Junipero Serra. Two ex-
peditions were to be sent by land and two by sea.
On the 9th of January, 1769, the San Carlos was
despatched from La Paz, and the San Antonio
from San Lucas on the 15th of February. The
first vessel reached the port of San Diego in no
days, and the second in 57 days. Such were the
uncertainties of ocean travel before the age of
steam. On the 14th of May, the first land ex-

•10

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

]>c<litic)n rcaclK'd San l)icL,'t' and fonml tlic San
Antonio and San Carlos anchored there. On
the 1st of July the last land expedition, with
which came Governor Portola and Father Juni-
pero Serra, arrived. On the i6th of July the
mission of San Diego was founded, and thus,
two hundred and twenty-seven years after its dis-
covery, the first effort at tlie colonization of
California was made.

The ravages of the scurvy had destroyed the
crew of one of the vessels and crippled that of
the other, so it was impossible to proceed by
sea to Monterey, the chief objective point of the
expedition. A land force, composed of seventy-
five officers and soldiers and two friars, was or-
ganized under Governor Caspar de Portola and
on the 14th of July set out for Monterey Bay.
On the 2d of August, 1769, the explorers dis-
covered a river which they named the Porciun-
cula (now the Los Angeles). That night they
encamped within the present limits of the city
of Los Angeles. Their camp was named Neus-
tra Senora de Los Angeles. They proceeded
northward, following the coast, but failed to find
Monterey Bay; Viscaino's exaggerated descrip-
tion deceived them. They failed to recognize in
the open ensenada his land-locked harbor. Pass-
ing on they discovered the Bay of San Fran-
cisco. On their return, in January, they came
down the San Fernando Valley, crossed the Ar-
royo Seco, near the present site of Garvaiiza,
passed over into the San Gabriel Valley and fol-
lowed down a river they called the San ^liguel,
and crossing it at the Paso de Bartolo and
thence by their former trail, they returned to
San Diego. In 1770, Governor Portola, with
another expedition, again set out from San Di-
ego by his former route to search for the Bay of
Monterey. There, on the 3d of June, 1770,
Father Junipero Serra, who had come by sea
from San Diego, founded the mission of San
Carlos Borromco de Monterey, the second mis-
sion founded in California, and Portola took
possession of the country in the name of the
king of Spain. The founding of new missions
progres.scd steadily. .\t the close of the century
eighteen had been founded, and a chain of these
missionary establishments extended from San
Diego to the Bay of San Francisco. The neo-
phyte population of these, in 1800, numbered
fourteen thousand souls.

The buildings of the different missions of Cali-
fornia were constructed after the same general
plan ; the principal variation being in the archi-
tecture of the church. Col. J. J. Warner, a
pioneer of 1831, who saw tlic missions in their
prime, thus describes the missionary establish-
ments : "As soon after the founding of a mis-
sion as its circninstauccs would permit, a large

pilr of i)uildings in the form of a (luadrangle.
composed in part of burnt brick but chiefly of
sun-dried ones, was erected around a spacious
court. A large and capacious church which usu-
ally occupied one of the outei" corners of the
(|uadrangle, was a necessary and conspicuous
part of the pile. In these massive buildings
covered with red tile, were the habitation of the
friars, rooms for guests, and for the major-
domos and their families, hospital wards, store
houses and granaries, rooms for the carding,
spinning and weaving of woolen fabrics, shops
for blacksmiths, joiners and carpenters, sad-
dlers, shoemakers, soap boilers, and cellars for
storing the products (wine and brandy) of the
vineyards. Near the habitation of the friars and
in front of the large building, another building
of similar materials was placed and used as quar-
ters for a small number — about a corporal's
guard of soldiers, tmder command of a non-
commissioned ofificer, to hold the Indian neo-
phytes in check, as well as to protect the mission
from the attacks of the hostile Indians. The
soldiers at each mission also acted as couriers,
carrying from mission to mission the corre-
spondence of the government officers and the
friars. These small detachments of soldiers
which were stationed at each mission were fur-
nished by one or the other of the military posts
at San Diego or Santa Barbara both of which
were military garrisons."

The location of a mission was decided by the
number of Indians in the immediate neighbor-
hood who could be brought into the fold. As
the Indian rancherias were located near a stream
and in the most fertile part of the valley, the
missionary establishments with but very few ex-
ceptions occupied the best agricultural lands of
California. It was not so much the padres as
the Indians who decided the location. These
establishments were separated far enough so
tliat their jurisdiction did not conflict. Their
distance apart varied from twenty to sixty miles.
Each mission was directed by two friars. One of
these superintended the mission buildings and
conducted the religious instruction of the Indi-
ans. The other supervised the business affairs
of the mission, but it frequently happened that
where one of the padres was a man of great
force of character, like Zalvidea at San Gabriel
and Peyri at San Luis Rey, he ruled supreme
in all capacities, and there was no division of
administration.

It is useless to discuss what the missions
miglit have accomplished for the Indian had not
the "blight of secularization" struck them. From
their own statistics it becomes evident that at
the large death rate which prevailed in them
and their rapid decline in population during the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

lifu-L'ii to t\vciit\ -Nears previmis to seculariza-
tion, the neophytes would in two or three dec-
ades at most have become practically extinct
and the missions tenantless.

What under most favorable conditions and the
ablest management they did accomplish for the
Indian was perhaps best shown at San Gabriel
under the rule of Zalvidea.

LTnder him San Gabriel became the most per-
fect type of the missionary establishments of
Aha California and the best illustration of what
the mission system under the most favorable
circumstances could and did accomplish for the
Indian.

Padre Zalvidea came to the mission in 1806
and was removed to Capistrano in 1826. He
was a clerical Napoleon — a man born to rule in
any sphere of life into which he might be
thrown. Hugo Reid says, "He possessed a pow-
erful mind, which was as ambitious as it was
powerful, and as cruel as it was ambitious. He
remodeled the general system of government at
the mission, putting everything in order and
placing every person in his proper station.
Everything under him was organized and that
organization kept up with the lash."

"The neophytes were taught' trades; there
were soap makers, tanners, shoemakers, car-
penters, blacksmiths, bakers, fishermen, brick
and tile makers, cart makers, weavers, deer
hunters, saddle makers, shepherds and vaqueros.
Large soap works were erected, tannery yards
established, tallow works, cooper, blacksmith,
carpenter and other shops, all in operation.
Large spinning rooms, where might be seen 50
or 60 women turning their spindles merrily ; and
there were looms for weaving wool, cotton and

llax. Storehouses filled with grain, and ware-
houses of manufactured products testified to the
industry of the Indians."

The Mission San Gabriel became the largest
manufacturing center in California. Zalvidea in
a short time mastered the language of the natives
and preached to them every Sunday in their own
tongue. He looked closely after their morals
and instilled industry into them with the lash.
Reid says, "He seemed to consider whipping as
meat and drink to them, for they had it night
and morning." The mission furnished besides
its own workmen laborers for the rancheros and
the pueblo of Los Angeles. The old Church of
Our Lady of the Angeles was built by neophyte
laborers and mechanics from the mission, hired
out at the compensation of one real (i2i cents)
a day.

It would seem, from the industrial training
the natives had received through the three gen-
erations that came on the stage of action in mis-
sion life between 1770 and 1835, that they might
have become self-dependent and self support-
ing; that they might have become capable of
self-government and fitted for citizenship under
Spain, which was the purpose for which the mis-
sions were established ; and yet we find them,
at San Gabriel in little more than a decade from
the time wdien Zalvidea had raised this mission
to such industrial eminence, helpless and incap-
able— the serf and the slave of the white man,
or savage renegades in the mountains.

The causes that brought about the seculariza-
tion of the missions, the defects in the mission
system, and the decline and fall of the neophyte
will be discussed in a subsequent chapter.

CHAPTER IV.

THE INDIANS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

TO THEORIZE upon the origin of the
California Indians would be as unprofita-
ble as to attempt the solution of the
ethnological problem of why, living in a country
with a genial climate, a productive soil and all
the requisites necessary to develop a superior
race, the aborigines of California should have
been among the most degraded specimens of
the North American Indians.

In 1542, when Cabrillo sailed along the coast
of California, he found villages of half-naked
savages subsisting by fishing and on the natural
products of the soil. Two hundred and twenty-
seven years later, when Portola led his expedi-

tion from San Diego to Monterey, he found the
natives existing under the same conditions. Two
centuries had wrought no change in them for
the better; nor is it probable that ten centuries
would have made any material improvement in
their condition. They seemed incapable of
evolution.

The Indians of the interior valleys and those
of the coast belonged to the same general family.
There were no great tribal divisions like those
that existed among the Indians cast of the
Rocky Mountains. Each ranrlu-ria was to a
certain extent independent of all others, al-
though at times they were known to combine

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

for war or plunder. Although not warlike, they
sometimes resisted the whites in brittle with
bravery and intelligence.

Each village had its own territory in which to
lumt and fish and its own section in which to
gather nuts, seeds and herbs. While their mode
of living was somewhat nomadic, they seem to
have had a fixed location for their ranchcrias.
Some of these ranchcrias, or towns, were quite
large. Hugo Reid places the number of their
towns within the limits of what was Los Angeles
County in 185 1 at forty. "Their huts," he says
"were made of sticks covered in around with
flag mats worked or plaited, and each village
generally contained from 500 to 1,500 huts.
Suanga (near what is now the site of Wilming-
ton) was the largest and most populous village,
being of great extent." If these huts were all
occupied by families Reid's estimate of the size
of the Indian towns is evidently too large. Por-
tola's expedition found no very populous towns
when it passed through this section in 1769.

The Indian village of Yang-na was located
within the present limits of Los Angeles City.
It was a large town, as Indian towns go. Its
location was between what is now Aliso and
First Street, in the neighborhood of Alameda
Street. Father Crespi, one of the two Francis-
can friars who accompanied Portola's expedi-
tion, in his diary thus describes the first meeting
of the white men and the Indian inhabitants of
Yang-na: "Immediately at our arrival about
eight Indians came to visit us from a large
ranchcria situated pleasantly among the woods
lOn the river's bank. The gentiles made us pres-
Jents of trays heaped with pinales, chia* and other
'lerbs. The captain carried a string of shell
jeads and they threw us three handfuls. Some
of the old men smoked from well-made clay
bowls, blowing three times, smoke in our faces.
We gave them some tobacco and a few beads
and they retired well satisfied."

On the evening of August 2, the expedition
had encamped on the east side of the river near
the point where the Downey Avenue bridge now
crosses it.

I'ather Crespi continues, "Thursday (August
3, 1769), at half p:ist six, we set out and forded
the Porciuncula River, where it leaves the moun-
tains to enter the jilain." (This would be about
where the Buena \ isla Street bridge now spans
the river.) "After crossing the river we found

* Chia, which Father Crespi frequently mentions in
Ills diary, is a small, gray, oblong seed, procured from
a plant having a number 01 seed vessels on a straight
slalk, one above another, liko wild sage. This, roasted
and ground into meal, was eaten with cold water, being
of a glutinous consistency and very cooling. It was a
favorite article of food with the Indians.

ourselves in a vineyard among wild grape vines
and nuinerous rose bushes in full bloom. The
ground is of a rich, black, clayish soil, and will
produce whatever kind of grain one may desire
to cultivate. We kept on our road to the west,
passing over like excellent pastures. After one-
half league's march we approached the rancherij.
of this locality. Its Indians came out to meet us
lioivling like zvolvcs. We also greeted them, and
they wanted to make us a gift of seeds, but not
having at hand wherein to carry it we did not
accept their present. The Gentiles, seeing our
refusal, threw a few handfuls on the ground and
scattered the rest to the wnnds."

The aborigines of Los Angeles seem to have
been a hospitable race. From their throwing
away their gifts when the Spaniards refused
them it would seem that it was a violation of the
rules of Indian etiquette to take back a present.
Throughout their march Portola's explorers
were treated hospitably by the savages. The
Indians lived to regret their kindness to the
Spaniards.

After the founding of San Gabriel the In-
dian dwellers of Yang-na were gathered into the
mission fold, and no doubt many a time they
howled louder under the lash of the Mission
major-domos than they did w'hen w^ith their
tribal yell they welcomed the Spaniards to their
ranchcria in the woods by the river called
Porciuncula.

Hugo Reid, in the series of letters referred to
in a previous chapter of this volume, has left us
an account of the mode of life, the religion, the
manners, customs, myths and traditions of the
aborigines who once inhabited what at the time
he wrote (1851) was Los Angeles county. Los
.\ngeles then included, besides its present area,
all of the territory now in Orange and San Ber-
nardino and part of that in Kern and Riverside
counties. Reid was married to an Indian woinan
and had exceptional facilities for studying them.
I regard his account as the best of any published.
The Indians of San Diego differed but little
from those of Los Angeles. From these letters
I briefly collate some of the leading character-
istics of the Indians of Southern California.

GOVERNMENT.

"Before the Indians belonging to the greater
part of this county were known to the whites
they comprised, as it were, one great family
under distinct chiefs ; they spoke nearly the
same language, with the exception of a few
words, and were more to be distinguished by a
local intonation of the voice than anything else.
Being related by blood and tnarnage, war was
never carried on between them. When war was
consequently waged against neighboring tribes

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of no affinity it was a common cause. * * *
"The government of the people was invested
in the hands of their chiefs, each captain com-
manding his own lodge. The command was
hereditary in a family. If the right line of de-
scent ran out they elected one of the same kin
nearest in blood. Laws in general were made
as required, with some few standing ones. Rob-
bery was never known among them. Murder
was of rare occurrence and punished with death.
Incest was likewise punished with death, being
held in such abhorrence that marriages between
kinsfolk were not allowed. The manner of put-
ting to death was by shooting the delinquent
with arrows. If a quarrel ensued between two
parties the chief of the lodge took cognizance
in the case and decided according to the testi-
mony produced. But if a quarrel occurred be-
tween parties of distinct lodges each chief heard
the witnesses produced by his own people, and
then, associated with the chief of the opposite
side, they passed sentence. In case they could
not agree an impartial chief was called in, who
hoard the statements made by both and he alone
decided. There was no appeal from his decision.
Whipping was never resorted to as a punish-
ment. All fines and sentences consisted in de-
livering shell money, food and skins."

RELIGION.

"They believed in one God, the Maker and
Creator of all things, whose name was and is
held so sacred among them as hardly ever to be
used, and when used only in a low voice. That
name is Qua-o-ar. When they have to use the
name of the Supreme Being on an ordinary oc-
casion they substitute in its stead the word Y-yo-
lia-ring-!iaiu, or 'the Giver of Life.' They have
only one word to designate life and soul."

"The world was at one time in ^a state of
chaos, until God gave it its present* formation,
fi.xing it on the shoulders of seven giants, made
expressly for this end. They have their names,
and when they move themselves an earthquake
is tlic consequence. Animals were then formed,
and lastly man and woman were formed, sep-
arately from earth, and ordered to live togetlier.
The man's name w as Tobohar and the woman's
Pobavit. Go<l ascended to Heaven immediately
afterwards, where he receives the souls of all
who die. They had no bad spirits connected
with their creed, and never heard of a 'devil' or a
'heir until tlie coming of the Spaniards. They
l)clieved in no resurrection whatever. Having
notliing to care about their souls it made them
stoical in regard to death."

M.\RRI.\CE.

"Cliicfs had one, two or tlu'ce wives, a> thrir
inclination dictated, the subjects only one. Wlicn

a person wished to marry and had selected a
suitable partner, he advertised the same to all his
relatives, even to the nineteenth cousin. On a
day appointed the male portion of the lodge
brought in a collection of money beads. All the
relations having come in with their share, they
(the males) proceeded in a body to the residence
of the bride, to whom timely notice had been
given. All of the bride's female relations had
been assembled and the money was equally
divided among them, the bride receiving noth-
ing, as it was a sort of purchase. After a few
days the bride's female relations returned the
compliment by taking to the bridegroom's dwell-
ing baskets of meal made of chia, which was dis-
tributed among the male relatives. These pre-
liminaries over, a day was fixed for the cere-
mony, which consisted in decking out the bride
in innumerable strings of beads, paint, feathers
and skins. On being ready she was taken up in
the arms of one of her strongest male relatives,
who carried her dancing, toward her lover's hab-
itation. All of her family, friends and neighbors
accompanied, dancing around, throwing food
and edible seeds at her feet every step, which
were collected in a scramble as best they could
by the spectators. The relations of the man met
them half way, and, taking the bride, carried her
themselves, joining in the ceremonious walking
dance. On arriving at the bridegroom's (who
was sitting within his hut) she was inducted into
her new residence by being placed alongside of
her husband, while baskets of seeds were liber-
ally emptied on their heads to denote blessing
and plenty. This was likewise scrambled for
by the spectators, who, on gathering. up all of
the bride's seed cake, departed leaving them to
enjoy their honeymoon according to usage. A
grand dance was given on the occasion, the war-
riors doing the dancing; the young women do-
ing the singing. The wife never visited her rela-
tions from tliat day forth, although they were at
liberty to visit her."

"When a person died all the kin collected to
mourn his or her loss. Each one had his own
peculiar mode of crying or howling, as easily
distinguished the one from the other as one song-
is from another. After lamentnig awhile a
mourning dirge was sung in a low, whining tone,
accompanied by a shrill whistle produced by
blowing into the tube of a deer's leg bone. Danc-
ing can hardly be said to have formed a part of
the rites, as it was merely a monotonous action
of the foot on the ground. This was continued
ahernately until the liody showed signs of decay,
when it was wrapjied up in the covering used in
life. The hands were crossed upon tlie breast

■J 4

IISTORICAL AND illUGRAi'll KAL KKCOKI).

ami the 1)lk1\ lictl from head to foot. A grave
having been dug in tlieir burial ground, the body
was deposited with seeds, etc., according to the
means of the family. If the deceased were the
head of a family or a favorite son, the hut in
which he lived was burned up. as likewise all his
personal effects."

FEUDS — TItl-; .SOXG FIGHTS.

"Animosity between persons or families was
of long duration, particularly between those of
different tribes. These feuds descended from
father to son, until it was impossible to tell for
how many generations. They were, however,
harmless in themselves, being merely a war of
songs, composed and sung against the conflict-
ing party, and they were all of the most obscene
and indecent language imaginable. There are
two families at this day (185 1) whose feud com-
menced before Spaniards were even dreamed of,
and Ihey still continue yearly singmg and danc-
ing against each other. The one resides at the
?*Iission of San Gabriel and the other at San
Juan Capistrano: they both lived at San Bernar-
dino when the quarrel commenced. During the
singing they continue stamping on the ground
to express the pleasure they would derive from
tramping on the graves of their foes. Eight
days was the duration of the song fight."

UTENSILS.

"From the bark of nettles was manufactured
thread for nets, fishing lines, etc. Needles, fish-
hooks, awls and many other articles were made
of either bone or shell ; for cutting up meat a
knife of cone was invariably used. Mortars and
pestles were made of granite. Sharp stones and
perseverance were the only things used in their
manufacture, and so skillfully did they combine
the two that their work was always remarkably
miiform. Their pots to cook in were made of
soapstone of about an inch in thickness, and
procured from the Indians of Santa Catalina.
Their baskets, made out of a certain species of
rush, were used only for dry purposes, although
they were waterproof. The vessels in use for
liquids were roughly made of rushes and plas-
tered outside and in with bitumen or pitch, called
by them 'sanot.' "

"The Indians of the Los Angeles valley had
an elaborate mythology. The Cahuilla tribes
have a tradition of their creation, .\ccording to
this tradition the primeval .'\dam and Eve were
created by the Supreme L'cing in the waters of
a nortliern sea. They came up out of the water
ni)(Mi the land, which tliev found to be soft aii<l

miry. They traveled southward in search of land
suitable for their sustenance and residence,
which they found at last upon the mountain
ridges of Southern California."

Of their myths and traditions, Hugo Rcid
says : "They were of incredible length and con-
tained more metamorphoses than Ovid could
have engendered in his brain had he lived a thou-
sand years."

Some of these Indian m_\ ths, when divested of
their crudities and the ideas clothed in fitting
language, are as beautiful and as poetical as
tJiose of Greece or Scandinavia.

In the myth given below there is, in the moral,
a marked similarity to the Grecian fable of Or-
pheus and Eurydice. The central thought in
each is the impossibility of the dead returning to
earth. To more clearly illustrate the parallelism
of ideas, I give a brief outline of the Grecian
myth :

Eurydice, stung by an adder, dies, and her
spirit is borne to the Plutonian realms. Orpheus,
her husband, seeking her, enters the dread abode
of the god of the lower world. He strikes his
wonderful lyre, and the sweet music charms the
denizens of hades. They forget their sorrows
and cease from their endless tasks. Pluto,
charmed, allows Eurydice to depart with her
lover on one condition, Orpheus is not to look
upon her until they reach the upper world. He
disobeys and she is snatched from him. Discon-
solate, he wanders over the earth till death
unites him to his loved one.

Ages ago. so runs the Indian myth, a power-
ful people dwelt on the banks of the Arroyo
Seco, and hunted over the hills and plains of
what are now our modern Pasadena and the
\'alley of San Fernando. They conunitted a
grievous crime against the Great Spirit. A pes-
tilence destroyed them, all save a boy and a girl,
who were saved by a foster mother possessed
of supernatural powers. They grew to manhood
and womanhood, and became husband and wife.
Their devotion to each other angered the foster
mother, who fancied herself neglected. She
plotted to destroy the wife. The young woman,
divining her fate, told her husband that should
he at any time feel a tear drop on his shoulder,
he might know that she was dead. While he was
away hunting the dread signal came. He has-
tened back to destroy the hag who had brought
death to his wife, but the sorceress escaped. Dis-
consolate, he threw himself on the grave of his
wife. For three days he neither ate nor drank.
On the third day a whirlwind arose from the
grave and moved toward the south. Perceiving
in it the form of his wife, he hastened on until
he overtook it. Then a voice came out the
cloud saving: "U'liillur 1 g<i lliou canst not

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

come. Thou art of eartli, but I am dead to tlic
world. Return, my husband, return !" He plead
piteously to be taken with her. Slie consenting,
he was wrapt in the cloud with her and borne
;icross the illimitable sea that separates the abode
of the living from that of the dead. When they
reached the realms of ghosts a spirit voice said :
"Sister, thou comest to us with an order of earth ;
what dost thou bring?" Then she confessed that
she had brought her living husband. "Take him
away !" said a voice, stern and commanding. She
])lead that he might remain, and recounted his
many virtues. To test his virtues, the spirits
gave him four labors. First, to bring a feather
from the top of a pole so high that its summit
was invisible. Next, to split a hair of great
length and exceeding fineness; third, to make
on the ground a map of the Constellation of the
Lesser Bear, and locate the North Star, and last,
to slay the celestial deer that had the form of
black beetles and were exceedingly swift. With
the aid of his wife he accomplished all the tasks.
But no mortal was allowed to dwell in the abodes
of death. "Take thou thy wife and return with
her to the earth," said the spirit. "Yet remem-
ber, thou shalt not speak to her ; thou shalt not
touch her until three suns have passed. A pen-
alty awaits thy disobedience." He promised.
They pass from the spirit land and travel to the
confines of matter. By day she is invisible, but
by the flickering light of his campfire he sees
the dim outline of her form. Three days pass.
As the sun sinks behind the western hills he
builds his campfire. She appears before him
in all the beauty of life. He stretches forth his
arms to embrace her. She is snatched from his
grasp. Although invisible to him, yet the upper
rim of the great orb of day hung above the west-
ern verge. He had broken his promise. Like
Orpheus, disconsolate, he wandered over the
earth, until, relenting, the spirits sent their ser-
vant Death, to bring him to Tecupar (heaven).

The following bears a resemblance to the
Norse myth of Gyoll, the River of Death and its
glittering bridge, over which the spirits of the
dead pass to Hel or the land of the spirits. The
Indian, however, had no idea of any kind of a
bridge except a foot log across a stream. The
myth in a crude form was narrated to me many
years ago by an old pioneer.

According to this myth when an Indian died
his spirit form was conducted by an unseen
guide over a mountain trail unknown and in-
accessible to mortals to a rapidly flowing river
that separated the abode of the living from that
of the dead. As the trail descended to the river
it branched to the right and the left. The right
hand path led to a foot bridge made of the nuis-
sive trunk of a rough-barked pine which

spanned the Indian Styx ; the left led to a slen-
der, fresh-pealed birch pole that hung high
above the roaring torrent. At the parting of
the trail an inexorable fate forced the bad to
the left, while the spirit form of the good passed
on to the right and over the rough-barked pine
to the happy hunting grounds, the Indian
heaven. The bad, reaching the river's brink and
gazing longingly upon the delights beyond, es-
sayed to cross the slippery pole — a slip, a slide,
a clutch at empty space, and the ghostly spirit
form was hurled into the mad torrent below,
and was borne by the rushing waters into a vast
Lethean lake, where it sank beneath the waves
and was blotted from existence forever.

The Indians of the Santa Barbara Channel,
according to the reports of the early explorers
of that region, were somewhat superior in ap-
pearance and intelligence to those of the country
further south. The mainland bordering on the
channel and the Channel Islands seem to have
been more densely populated than any other
portion of California. These natives had a dif-
ferent religious belief, or at least a different god
from those further south. The god of the Chan-
nel Indians was named Chupu. He was the
deification of good and Nunaxus the personifi-
cation of evil. Chupu created Nunaxus, who
rebelled against his creator and tried to over-
throw him, but Chupu was all-powerful, and to
punish this Indian Satan, he created man who,
devouring the animal and vegetable products
of the earth, checked the physical growth of
Nunaxus, who had hoped by liberal feeding to
become like unto a mountain. Foiled in his
ambition, Nunaxus ever afterwards sought to in-
jure mankind.

To secure the protection of Chupu, offerings
were made to him and dances were instituted in
his honor. Flutes and other instruments were
played to attract his attention. \\'hcn Nunaxus
brought calamit)' upon the Indians in the shajK"
of dry years which caused a dearth of animal
and vegetable products or sent sickness to af-
flict them, their old men interceded with Chupu
to protect them ; and to exorcise their Satan
they shot arrows and threw stones in the direc-
tion in which he was supposed to be. While
Chupu was the god of good he could punish
an apostate or a renegade with calamity and
death. In 1801. a pulmonary epidemic destroyed
great numbers of the Indians in the Channel
Missions. Chupu revealed to a neophyte in a
dream that the plague was sent upon the In-
dians for their apostasy, and all who had been
baptized would die unless they renounced
Christianity. The story of the revelation
spread among tlie nenphytcs nf thr different
missions and the\' hastened Id propiliate Chiiini

-16

HISTORICAL AND UlUGRAi'lIiCAL RECORD.

with offerings and to divest themselves of their
Christianity. The plague abated and the In-
dians returned to their allegiance. When the
padres learned what had been going on they

were greatly disturbed for they knew the old
superstition was still prevalent and had Chupu
decreed their deaths the natives would have
executed his will.

CHAPTER V.

THE FRANCISCAN MISSIONS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

OF THE twenty-one Franciscan Missions
founded in California from 1769 to 1823,
nine were in the territory now desig-
nated as Southern California. Two of these,
San Diego and San Luis Rey, were located in
what is now San Diego County; one, San Juan
Capistrano, in Orange ; two, San Gabriel and
San Fernando, in Los Angeles; one, San Buena-
ventura, in Ventura ; and three, Santa Barbara,
La Purisima and Santa Inez, are in Santa Bar-
bara County. The aststcncia, or auxiliary, of
San Antonia de Pala is in San Diego County.
The mission buildings of San Diego, San Juan
Capistrano, San Fernando, La Purisima and
Santa Inez are in ruins. The church buildings
of San Luis Rey, San Gabriel, San Buenaven-
tura and Santa Barbara are in a fairly good
state of preservation and services are still held
in them.

SAN DIEGO DE ALC.'\LA.

The four expeditions fitted out by Jose de
Galvez under the instructions from the Viceroy
of New Spain for the physical and spiritual con-
quest of Nueva California w'ere all united at
San Diego July ist, 1769. The leaders, Gov-
ernor Caspar de Portola and President Junipero
Serra, lost no time in beginning their work.
On the 14th of July, Governor Portola set out
on his exploration of a land route to the Bay
of Monterey and two days later Father Junipero
Serra founded the first mission in California for
the conversion of the Indians.

The Mission of San Diego de Alcalii was
founded July 16, 1769, by the president of the
Lower California Missions, Father Junipero
Serra. The original site was at a place called
by the Indians "Cosoy," near the presidio, now
Old Town.

Temporary buildings were erected here, but
the location proved unsuitable and in August,
1774, the mission was removed about two
leagues up the San Diego River to a place called
by the natives "Nipauay." Here a dwelling
for the padres, a storehouse, a smithy and a
wooden church 18x57 feet were erected.

The mission buildings at Cosoy were given
np to tlie ])residio except two moms, one for

the visiting priests and the other for a tem-
porary store room for mission supplies coming
by sea. The missionaries had been fairly suc-
cessful in the conversions of the natives and
some progress had been made in teaching them
to labor. On the night of November 4, 1775,
without any previous warning, the gentiles or
unconverted Indians in great numbers attacked
the mission. One of the friars. Fray Funster,
escaped to the soldiers' quarters ; the other,
Father Jaume, was killed by the savages. The
blacksmith also was killed ; the carpenter suc-
ceeded in reaching the soldiers. The Indians
set fire to the buildings, which were nearly all
of wood. The soldiers, the priest and carpenter
were driven into a small adobe building that
had been used as a kitchen. Two of the sol-
diers were wounded. The corporal, one soldier
and the carpenter were all that were left to hold
at bay a thousand howling fiends. The cor-
poral, who was a sharpshooter, did deadly exe-
cution on the savages. Father Funster saved
the defenders from being blown to pieces by
the explosion of a fifty-pound sack of gunpow-
der. He spread his cloak over the sack and sat
on it, thus preventing the power from ignit-
ing by the sparks from the burning buildings.
The fight lasted till daylight, when the hostiles
fled. The Christian Indians who professed to
have been coerced by the savages then appeared
and made many protestations of sorrow at what
had happened. The military commander was
not satisfied that they were innocent, but the
padres believed them. New buildings were
erected at the same place, the soldiers of the
presidio for a time assisting the Indians in their
erection.

For )ears the mission was fairly prosperous.
In 1800 the cattle numbered 6,960 and the agri-
cultural products amounted to 2.600 bushels.
From 1769 to 1834 there were 6,638 persons
baptized and 4,428 buried. The largest number
of cattle possessed by the mission at one time
was 9,245 head in 1822. The total number of
domestic animals belonging to the mission that
year was 30,325. The old building standing on
the mission site at the head of the vnllcv is the
tliinl chiuvli erected there, 'I'lic first, built of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

4',

\\ood and roofed with tiles, was erected in 1774;
tlic second, built of adobe, was completed in
1780 and the walls of this were badly cracked
b}- an earthquake in 1803; the third was begun
in 1808 and dedicated November 12, 1813. The
mission was secularized in 1834.

SAX CABRIliF. ARCANGEL.

San Gabriel Arcangel was the second mission
founded in Southern California and the fourth
in the territory. Father Junipero Serra had
gone north in 1770 and founded the mission of
San Carlos Borromeo on Monterey Bay and
the following year he established the mission of
San Antonio de Padua on the Salinas River
about twenty leagues south of Monterey.

On the 6th of August, 1771, a cavalcade of
soldiers and muleteers escorting Padres Somera
and Cambon set out from San Diego over the
trail made by Portola's expedition in 1769
(when it went north in search of Monterey Bay)
to found a new mission on the River Jesus de
Los Temblores or to give it its fu'.l name — El
Rio del Dulcisimo Nombre de Jesus de Los
TembloreS' — The River of the Sweetest Name
of Jesus of the Earthquakes. Not finding a
suitable location on this river (now the Santa
Ana) they pushed on to the Rio San Miguel,
also known as the Rio de Los Temblores.

Here they selected a site where wood and
water were abundant. A stockade of poles was
built, enclosing a square within which a church
was erected, covered with boughs.

September 8, 1771, the mission was formally
founded and dedicated to the Archangel Gabriel.
The Indians who at the coming of the Span-
iards were docile and friendly, a few days after
the founding of the mission suddenly attacked
two soldiers who were guarding the horses.
One of these soldiers had outraged the wife of
the chief who led the attack. The soldier who
committed the crime killed the chieftain with a
musket ball and the other Indians fled. The
soldiers then cut off the chief's head and
fastened it to a pole at the presidio gate. From
all accounts the soldiers at this mission were
more brutal and barbarous than the Indians and
more in need of missionaries to convert them
than were the savages. The progress of the
mission was slow. At the end of the second year
only 73 children and adults had been baptized.
Father Serra attributed the lack of conversions
to the bad conduct of the soldiers.

The first buildings at the Mission Vieja w^ere
all of wood. The church was 45x18 feet, built
of logs and covered with tule thatch. The
church and the other wooden buildings used by
the padres stood within a Square inclosed by
pointed stakes. In 1776, five years after its

founding, the mission was moved from its first
location to a new site about a league distant
from the old. The old site was subject to
overflow by the river. The adobe ruins pointed
out to tourists as the foundations of the old
mission are the debris of a building erected for
a ranch house between fifty and sixty years ago.
The buildings at the Mission Vieja were all of
wood and no trace of them remains. A chapel
was first built at the new site. It was replaced
by a church built of adobes 108 feet long by
21 feet wide. The present stone church begun
about 1794, and completed about 1806, is the
fourth church erected.

The mission attained the acme of its impor-
tance in 1817, when there were 1701 neophytes
in the mission fold.

The largest grain crop raised at any mission
was that harvested at San Gabriel in 1821,
which amounted to 29,400 bushels. The num-
ber of cattle belonging to the mission in 183c
was 25,725. During the whole period of the
mission's existence, i. e. from 1771 to 1834, ac-
cording to statistics compiled by Bancroft from
mission records, the total number of baptisms
was 7,854 : of which 4,355 were Indian adults
and 2,459 were Indian children and the re-
mainder gente de razon, or people of reason.
The deaths were 5,656, of which 2,916 were In-
dian adults and 2.363 Indian children. If all
the Indian children born were baptized it would
seem (if the statistics are correct) that but very
few ever grew up to manhood and womanhood.
In 1834, the year of its secularization, its neo-
phyte population was 1,320.

The missionaries of San Gabriel established a
station at old San Bernardino about 1820. It
was not an asistencia like Pala but merely an
agricultural station or ranch headquarters. The
buildings were destroyed by the Indians in 1834.

SAN JU.-^N CAPISTRANO.

The first attempt to found the Mission of San
Juan Capistrano was made October 30, 1775.
A cross was erected and a mass said in a
hut constructed for the purpose. The revolt of
the Indians at San Diego on the night of Nov-
ember 5th, and the massacre of Father Jaume
and others, news of which reached San Juan on
the 7th, called away the soldiers. The bells
which had been hung on the branch of a tree
were taken down and buried and the soldiers
and padres hastened to San Diego. November
I, 1776, President Serra and Fathers Mugartc-
gui and Amurro with an escort of soldiers re-
established the mission. The bells were dug up
and hung upon a tree. Their ringing assembled
.n number of the natives. Ancnramada of boughs
was constructed and Father Serra said mass.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

The first location of the mission was several
miles northeast of the present site, and at the
foot of the mountain. The former location is
still known as La Mission Vieja. Whether the
change of location was made at the time of the
re-establishment or later is not known. The
erection of a stone church was begun in Febru-
ary, 1797, and completed in 1806. A master
builder had been brought from JMexico, and
under his superintendence the neophytes did the
mechanical labor. It was the largest and hand-
somest church in California and was the pride
of mission architecture. The year 1812 was
known in California as cl ano dc los temblorcs —
the year of earthquakes. For months the seis-
mic disturbance was almost continuous. On
Sunday, December 8, 181 2, a severe shock
threw down the lofty church tower, which
crashed through the vaulted roof on the congre-
gation below. The padre \vho was celebrating
mass escaped through the sacristy. Of the fifty
persons present only five or six escaped. The
church was never rebuilt. "There is not much
doubt," says Bancroft, "that the disaster was
due rather to faulty construction than to the
violence of the temblor. The edifice was of the
usual cruciform shape, about 90x180 feet on
the ground, with very thick walls and arched
dome-like roof all constructed of stones im-
bedded in mortar or cement. The stones were
not hewn but of irregular size and shape, a
kind of structure evidently requiring great skill
to ensure solidity." The mission reached its
maximum in 1819; from that on till the date of
its secularization there was a rapid decline in
the numbers of its live stock and of its neo-
phytes.

This was one of the missions in which Gov-
ernor Figueroa tried his experiment of forming
Indian pueblos of the neophytes. For a time
the experiment was a partial success, but event-
ually it went the way of all the other missions.
Its lands were granted to private individuals and
the neophytes scattered. Its picturesque ruins
are a great attraction to tourists.

SAX BUENAVi:\TLR.\.

The founding of San Buenaventura had been
long delayed. It was to have been among the
first missions founded by Father Serra ; it
proved to be his last. On the 26th of March,
1782, Governor de Neve accompanied by Father
Serra (who had come down afoot from San
Carlos) and Father Cambon with a convoy of
soldiers and a number of neophytes set out from
San Gabriel to found the mission. At the first
camping place. Governor de Neve was recalled
to San Gabriel by a message from Col. Pedro

Fages informing him of the. orders of the coun-
cil of war to proceed against the Yumas, who
had the previous year destroyed the two mis-
sions on the Colorado river and massacred the
missionaries.

On the 29th the remainder of the company
reached a place on the coast named by Portola
in 1769, Asuncion dc Nuestra Senora, which
had for some time been selected for a mission
site. Near it was a large Indian raiichcria.

On the 31st of March, which was Easter Sun-
day, the mission was formally founded with the
usual ceremonies and dedicated to San Buena-
ventura, Giovanni di Fidanza of Tuscany, born
in 1221. It is said that St. Francis of Assissi
(founder of the Franciscan Order), meeting him
one day and foreseeing his future greatness, ex-
claimed, "O buona ventura!" and the name
Buenaventura in Spanish clung to him.* He
was also called the "Seraphic Doctor" from his
knowledge of theology.

The progress of the mission was slow at first.
Only two adults were baptized in 1782. The
first building built of wood was destroyed by
fire. The church still standing, built of brick
and adobe, was completed and dedicated Sep-
tember 9, 1809. The earthquake of December
8. 1812. damaged the church to such an extent
that the tower and part of the facade had to be
rebuilt. "The whole mission site appeared to
settle and the fear of being engulfed by the sea
drove all away to San Joaquin y Santa Ana
where they remained until April, 1813."!

The mission reached its greatest prosperity
in 1816, when it had a neophyte population of
1,330, and owned 23.400 cattle. Vancouver, the
English explorer, who visited the mission in
November, 1793, says, "The garden of Buena-
ventura far exceeded anything I had before met
in these regions, both in respect of the quantity,
quality and variety of its excellent productions,
not only indigenous to the country, but apper-
taining to the temperate as well as torrid zone :
not one species having yet been sown or planted
that had not flourished. These have principally
consisted of apples, pears, plums, figs, oranges,
grapes, peaches and pomegranates, together with
the plantain, banana, cocoanut, sugar cane, indigo
and a great variety of the necessary and useful
kitchen herbs, plants and roots. All these were
flourishing io the greatest health and perfection,
though separated from the seaside only by two
or three fields of corn that were cultivated within
a few yards of the surf." The mission was secu-
larized in 1837. The cliurch, greatly modern-
ized, is still used for holding services.

♦Bancroft, Vol. I, 376.
tFranciscans in Californi:

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

SANTA BARBARA.

Governor Felipe de Neve in his report of
June, 1777, urged the establishing of three mis-
sions and a central presidio on the Santa Bar-
bara Channel. His report was approved by
General Croix, and Rivera was sent to recruit
settlers in Sinaloa and Sonora for the Channel
establishments, and also for the pueblos of San
Jose and Los Angeles. The pueblos were
founded, but the founding of the missions and
presidio from one cause or another had been
delayed. After the founding of the mission of
San Buenaventura, March 31, 1782, about the
middle of the April following Governor de
Neve, who had come up from San Gabriel,
Father Serra, who was still at San Buenaven-
tura, and a force of sixty soldiers with their
officers, proceeded up the coast to found the
presidio. After marching about nine leagues
the Governor called a halt in a beautiful valley
near the coast. Having found a suitable loca-
tion where wood and water could easily be pro-
cured, the presidio of Santa Barbara was found-
ed. Father Serra had hoped that the mission
would be founded at the same time. Disap-
pointed in this, he left for Monterey, where he
expected to meet six new missionaries, who
were reported coming by ship. In this, too, he
was disappointed ; the missionaries did not come
at that time.

The death of Serra in 1784 still further de-
layed the founding, and it was not till the latter
part of 1786 that everything was in readiness
for the establishing of the new mission. On the
22d of November, Father Lasuen, who had
succeeded Father Serra as president of the Cal-
ifornia missions, arrived in Santa Barbara, ac-
companied by two missionaries recently arrived
from Mexico. After a careful survey of differ-
ent locations he selected a site about a mile
distant from the presidio. The place was called
by the Indians Tay-nay-an ("rocky hill"). It was
selected by the padres on account of the abun-
dance of stone for building and also for the plen-
tiful supply of water for irrigation.

On the 15th of December, 1786, Father La-
suen, in a hut of boughs, celebrated the first
mass; but December 4th, the day that the fiesta
of Santa Barbara is commemorated, is consid-
ered the date of its founding. Part of the serv-
ices were held on that day. A chapel built of
adobes and roofed with thatch was erected in
1787. Several other buildings of adobe were
erected the same year. In 1788 tile took the
place of thatch. In 1789 a second church much
larger than the first was built. .\ third church
of adobe was commenced in 1793 and finished
in 1794. A brick portico was added in 179^ and
the walls plastered.

The great earthquake of December, 1812,
demolished the Mission Church and destroyed
nearly all the buildings. The years 1813 and
1814 were spent in removing the debris of the
ruined buildings and in preparing for the erec-
tion of new ones. The erection of the present
Mission Church was begun in 1815. It was com-
pleted and dedicated September 10, 1820.

Father Gaballeria, in his History of Santa Bar-
bara, gives the dimensions of the church as fol-
lows: "Length (including walls), 60 varas ;
width, 14 varas; height, 10 varas (a vara is 34^
inches)." The walls are of stone and rest on a
foundation of rock and cement. They are six
feet thick and are further strengthened by but-
tresses. Notwithstanding the building has with-
stood the storms of four score years, it is still in
an excellent state of preservation. Its exterior
has not been disfigured by attempts at modern-
izing.

The highest neophyte population was reached
at Santa Barbara in 1803, when it numbered
1,792. The largest number of cattle was 5,200,
in 1809. In 1834, the year of secularization, the
neophytes numbered 556, which was a decrease
of 155 from the number in 1830. At such a rate
of decrease it would not, even if mission rule
had continued, have taken more than a dozen
years to depopulate the mission.

LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION.

Two missions, San Buenaventura and Santa
Barbara, had been founded on the Santa
Barbara Channel in accordance with Neve's re-
port of 1777, in which he recommended the
founding of three missions and a presidio in
that district. It was the intention of General
La Croix to conduct these on a dififerent plan
from that prevailing in the older missions. The
natives were not to be gathered into a mission-
ary establishment but were to remain in their
ranchcrias which were to be converted into
mission pueblos. The Indians were to receive
instruction in religion, industrial arts and self-
government while comparatively free from re-
straint. The plan which no doubt originated
with Governor de Neve was a good one the-
oretically and possibly might have been prac-
tically. The missionaries were bitterly opposed
to it! Unfortunately it was tried first in the
Colorado River Missions among the fierce and
treacherous Yumas. The massacre of the
padres and soldiers of these missions was at-
tributed to this innovation.

In establishing the Channel Mission the mis-
sionaries opposed the inauguration of this plan
and bv their persistence succeeded in setting it
aside; and the old system was adopted. La
Purisima Concepcion or the Immaculate Con-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ception of the Blessed Virgin. The third of the
Channel Missions was founded, December 8,
1787, by Father Lasuen at a place called by the
natives Algsacupi. Its location is about twelve
miles from the ocean on the Santa Inez River.
Three years after its founding 300 converts had
been baptized but not all of them lived at the
mission. The first church was a temporary struc-
ture. The second church, built of adobe and
roofed with tile, was completed in 1802. Decem-
ber 21, 1812, an earthquake demolished the
church and also about one hundred adobe
houses of the neophytes. A site across the
river and about four miles distant from the
former one, was selected for new buildings. A
temporary building for a church was erected
then. A new church, built of adobes and roofed
with tile, was completed and dedicated in 1818.

The Indians revolted in 1824 and damaged
the building. They took possession of it and a
battle lasting four hours was fought between
130 soldiers and 400 Indians. -The neophytes
cut loop holes in the church and used two old
rusty cannon and a few guns they possessed ;
but, unused to firearms, they were routed with
the loss of several killed. During the revolt
which lasted several months, four white men
and fifteen or twenty Indians were killed. The
hostiles, most of whom fled to the Tulares, were
finally subdued. The leaders were punished
with imprisonment and the others returned to
their missions.

This mission's population was largest in 1804,
when it numbered 1,520; in 1834, there were
but 407 neophytes connected with it. It was
secularized in Feburary, 1835. During mission
rule from 1787 to 1834 the total number of
Indian children baptized was 1,492; died 902,
which was a lower death rate than at most of
the southern missions.

SAN FERNANDO REY DE ESPANA.

In the closing years of the century, explora-
tions were made for new mission sites in Cali-
fornia. These were to be located between mis-
sions already founded. Among those selected
at that time was the site of the Mission San
Fernando on the Encino rancho, tlien occupied
by Francisco Reyes. Reyes surrendered what-
ever right he had to the land and the padres
occupied his house for a dwelling while new
buildings were in the course of erection.

September 8, 1797, with the usual ceremonies,
the mission was founded by President Lasuen
assisted by Father Dumetz. According to in-
structions from Mexico it was dedicated to San
Fernando Rey de Espana (Fernando III. King
of Spain, 1217-1251). At the end of the year
1797, fifty-five converts lia'l been gathered into

the mission fold and at the end of the century
352 had been baptized.

The adobe church, begun before the close of
the century, was completed and dedicated in
December, 1806. It had a tiled roof. It was
but slightly injured by the great earthquakes of
December, 1812, which were so destructive to
the mission buildings at San Juan Capistrano,
Santa Barbara, La Purisima and Santa Inez.
This mission reached its greatest prosperity in
1819, when its neophyte population numbered
1,080. The largest number of cattle owned l)y
it at one time was 12,800 in 1819.

Its decline was not so rapid as that of some
of the other missions, but the death rate es-
pecially among the children was fully as high.
Of the 1,367 Indian children baptized at it dur-
ing the existence of mission rule 965 or over
seventy per cent died in childhood. It was not
strange that the fearful death rate both of chil-
dren and adults at the missions sometimes
frightened the neophytes into running away.

San Fernando figured frequently in the Cali-
fornia revolutions. It was a sort of a frontier
post to both parties in the civil war of 1837
and 1838. Negotiations between Fremont and
General Andres Pico which resulted in the
treaty of Cahuenga were begun at the mission.
June 17, 1846, Governor Pio Pico sold the ex-
mission to Enlogio de Celis for $14,000. The
money, or at least a part of it, was used by Pico
in fitting out an army to suppress Castro who
was supposed to be fomenting a revolution to
overthrow Pico. The seizure of California by
Commodore Sloat, July 7, 1846, put an end to
Castro's revolution and to Pico's governorship
as well.

Father Bias, the last of the Franciscan mis-
sionaries of California, remained at the mission
until May, 1847. He died at San Gabriel in 1850.

SAN LUIS REY DE FRANCIA.

Several explorations had been made for a mis-
sion site between San Diego and San Juan
Capistrano. There was quite a large Indian
population that had not been brought into the
folds of either mission. In October, 1797, a new
exploration of this territory was ordered and a
site was finally selected although the agri-
cultural advantages were regarded as not satis-
factory.

Governor Barica, February 28, 1798, issued
orders to the comandante at San Diego to
furnish a detail of soldiers to aid in erecting the
necessary buildings. June 13, 1798, President
Lasuen, the successor of President Serra, as-
sisted by Fathers Peyri and Santiago, with the
usual services, founded the new mission. It
was named San Luis Rey de I'rnncin (St. Louis

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

King of France). Its location was near a river
on which was bestowed the name of the mis-
sion. The mission flourished from its very be-
ginning. Its controlHng power was Padre
Antonio Peyri. He remained in charge of it
from its founding almost to its downfall, in all
thirty-three years. He was a man of great ex-
ecutive abilities and under his administration it
became one of the largest and most prosperous
missions in California. It reached its maximum
in 1826, when its neophyte population numbered
2,86g the largest number at one time connected
with any mission in the territory.

The Asisfencia or Auxiliary Mission of San
Antonio was established at Pala, seven leagues
easterly from the parent mission. A chapel was
erected here and regular services held. One of
the padres connected with San Luis Rey was
in charge of this station. Father Peyri left
California in 1831, with the exiled Governor
Victoria. He went to Mexico and from there
to Spain and lastly to Rome where he died. The
mission was converted into an Indian pueblo in
1834, but the pueblo was not a success. Most
of the neophytes drifted to Los Angeles and
San Gabriel. During the Mexican Conquest
American troops were stationed at it. It has
recently been partially repaired and is now used
for a Franciscan school under charge of Father
J. .J. O'Keefe.

SANTA INEZ.

Santa Inez was the last mission founded in
Southern California. It was established Septem-
ber 17, 1804. Its location is about forty miles
northwesterly from Santa Barbara on the ea.st-
erly side of the Santa Inez mountains and eight-
een miles southeasterly from La Purisima.
Father Tapis, president of the mission from
1803 to 1812, preached the sermon and was as-
sisted in the ceremonies by Fathers Cipres,
Calzada and Gutierrez. Carrillo, the comman-
dante at the presidio, was present, as were also a
number of neophytes from Santa Barbara and
La Purisima. Some of these were transferred
to the new mission.

The earthquake of December, 1812, shook
down a portion of the church and destroyed a
number of the neophytes' houses. In 1815, the

erection of a new church was begun. It was
built of adobes lined with brick and was com-
pleted and dedicated July 4, 1817.

The Indian revolt of 1824, described in the
sketch of La Purisima, broke out first at this
mission. The neophytes took possession of the
church. Tlie mission guard defended them-
selves and the padre. A portion of the mission
buildings were burned. At the approach of
troops from Santa Barbara the Indians fled to
Purisima.

Stephen C. Foster, in one of his ' reminis-
cences, gives the following version of the fight,
which was told him by an old Californian :
"The Indians were destitute of firearms, but
their overv^'helming numbers and showers of
arrows they directed against the portholes had
quite demoralized the garrison, when the priest
appeared and took command (he had been a
soldier before he became a priest). It must
have been a singular scene. The burly friar,
with shaven crown and sandaled feet, clad in
the gray gown, girt with the cord of St. Francis,
wielding carnal weapons ; now encouraging the
little garrison ; now shouting defiance to the
swarming assailants."

"Ho father," cried a young Indian acolyte,
"is that the way to say mass?" "Yes, I am say-
ing mass, my son. Here (holding up his cart-
ridge box) is the chalice ; here (holding up his
carbine) is the crucifix, and here goes my
benediction to you," as he leveled his carbine
and laid the scoffer low. "A large force was
finally collected from the different towns, the
Indian converts were followed into the Tulare
valley and captured ; the ring-leaders were shot
and the others brought back to their missions."
The revolting Indians of Santa Inez and La
Purisima had been joined by hindas or deserters
from some of the other missions. The real
cause of the revolt is unknown.

Santa Inez attained its maximum population,
770, 1816. In 1834 its population was 334.
During its mission period, from 1804 to 1834,
757 Indian children were baptized and 519 died,
leaving only 238 or about thirty per cent to grow
up. This mission was not completely secularized
until 1836.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER VI.

THE PRESIDIOS OF SAN DIEGO AND SANTA BARBARA.

SAN DIEGO.

THE Roman presidium and the Spanish
presidio were similar in form and pur-
pose. The prsesidium was a fort or
fortified square centrally located, where a gar-
rison was stationed to protect the "colonists and
keep in subjection the aborigines. From it
settlements radiated and around it usually in
course of time a city was built. The presidio
in Spanish colonization subserved the same pur-
pose and became the nucleus of a town or city.

In the mission colonization of California there
were four presidios founded, viz. : San Diego,
Monterey, San Francisco and Santa Barbara.
These furnished the mission guards for their in-
dividual districts and after the founding of the
pueblos of San Jose and Los Angeles supplied a
small pueblo guard. The first presidio founded
in California as well as the first mission was
located at San Diego.

Rivera y Moncada, who was commander of the
first land expedition for the colonization of Cali-
fornia, arrived at San Diego on the 14th of May.
The two vessels of the expedition, the San
Carlos and San Antonio, with their scurvy-
afHicted crews, had already arrived and had
established a hospital on shore.

Bancroft says : "The old camp or pest house
on the bay shore is probably within the limits
of what is now the city of San Diego, locally
known as New Town; but the day after his
arrival Rivera, so say the chroniclers, aUhough
according to the instructions of Galvez, Pages
was chief in command, selects a new site some
miles north, at what is now Old, or North San
Diego, at the foot of a hill on which are still to
be seen the remains of the old presidio. Here
camp is pitched and fortified, a corral for the
animals and a few rude huts are built, and hither
on the 17th are transported the sick and their
tents. The immediate purpose is that the camp
may be near the river which at this point flows
into the north end of the bay."

The Indians of San Diego were a thievish
and murderous lot of savages. Before the little
settlement was three months old, they made an
attack upon it in which they killed a Spanish
youth and wounded Padre \'iscaino, the black-
smith, a soldier and a Lower California Indian.

It became necessary to surround the mission
with a stockade to protect it from their depreda-
tions. In 1782 the presidial force besides the
commissioned officers "consisted of five cor-
porals and forty-six soldiers. Six men were
constantly on duty at each of the three missions
of the district, San Diego, San Juan Capistrano
and San Gabriel ; while four served at the pueblo
of Los Angeles, thus leaving a sergeant, two
corporals and about twenty-five men to garrison
the fort, care for the horses and a small herd of
cattle, and to carry the mails, which latter duty
was the hardest connected with the presidio
serv'ice in time of peace. There were a car-
penter and blacksmith constantly employed,
besides a few ser\^ants, mostly natives. The
population of the district in 1790, not including
Indians, was 220."*

It was a monotonous existence the soldiers
and their families led at the presidio. Most
if not all resided inside the presidial square,
which now had an adobe wall around it instead
of palisades. Once a month the soldier couriers
brought up from Loreta a budget of mail made
up of official bandos and a few letters that con-
tained all the items of news that came from
their home land, Mexico. The mission was two
leagues up the river and there most of the
Indians were congregated. The padres had lit-
tle use for the soldiers except when the natives
rebelled, but in the closing years of the century
the fierce Dieguhos had become subjugated to
mission rules. Once a year the mission ship
landed the year's supplies at the embarcadero
down the bay and this was about the only ripple
of excitement that broke the weary monotony
of their lives.

In the first years of the nineteenth century,
the Yankee fur trading vessels discovered the
port of San Diego and occasionally broke the
monotony of the soldiers' lives, "^^nfcy came
to trade for sea otter skins, the most valued
peltry of the coast. There was a heavy export
duty on these, and to avoid this the captains
resorted to any expedient that promised success.
The people were not averse to illicit trading if

•■Bancroft, Vol.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

they could get a better price for their furs.

In March, 1803. the Lelia Byrd, a Yankee
fur-trading vessel, put into San Diego bay,
ostensibly to secure supplies but really to trade
for otter skins. The commander of the presidio
had about a thousand skins, part of which he
had secured by confiscation from Captain John
Brown of the ship Alexander. Shaler, cap-
tain of the Byrd, tried to buy the skins from
the comandante but was unsuccessful. Then he
attempted to trade with the soldiers who had
a few. He was detected at this, and one boat-
load of his men sent out at night to secure the
skins was made prisoners. He sent an armed
force ashore and rescued his men and, getting
them aboard, hoisted sail and put to sea with
the guards that had been put aboard to hold the
ship. As he passed the fort at w-hat is now
Ballast Point the Spaniards fired a broadside at
the vessel. The captain returned the fire and
then placed the Spanish sergeant and his guard
in an exposed situation where their friends
would be pretty sure to hit them when they
fired. The sergeant frantically besought his
compatriots of the fort to cease firing, which
they did. The guards w-ere put ashore further
along, greatly to their relief.

During the long years of the Mexican Revo-
lution the old presidio fell into decay and the
old guns in the fort at Point Guijarros grew
rusty from disuse. This fort or battery had
been built in 1797 to defend the entrance to the
bay.

Only once during the long contest for Mex-
ican independence did war's wrinkled front
affright the soldiers of the fort, and that was
in 1818, when Bouchard, the privateer, from the
black hull of his piratical craft looked into the
bay to see whether there was anything to
plunder, but, seeing nothing, passed by without
entering. Comandante Ruiz was prepared for
him and awaited his attempt to enter with red
hot cannon balls to burn his ships. Little did
the soldiers of the old presidio know of the inter-
necine struggle in Mexico that was transform-
ing them from subjects of a monarchy to free
citizens of a republic. They knew that there
was trouble, but what it was about they were
ignorant, nor did their officers and the padres
who were loyalist attempt to enlighten them.

But there came a day when the flag of Spain,
that for fifty years had floated from the presidio
flagstaff, was lowered, never again to rise, and
in its stead was unfurled the tri-color of the
Mexican empire. A few months pass and that
goes down before the banner of the Republic.
His transfer of allegiance from monarchy to
republicanism brings no change for the better
in the soldier's condition. He is poorly paid,

poorly fed, and the old presidio with its cracked
adobe walls that have sheltered him so long is
fast crumbling to ruins.

Alexico, more liberal than Spain, lifted from
commerce some of the restrictions that had
oppressed it and trade began to seek California
ports. First came the hide droghers with their
department-store cargoes.

San Diego was well located to secure that
trade. Robinson in "Life in California" tells us
what the town looked like in 1829, when hides
and tallow were the only exports — and when it
was the capital of the two Californias : "After
dinner we called upon the General Don Jose
Maria de Echeandia, a tall gaunt personage, who
received us wdth true Spanish dignity and polite-
ness. His house was located in the center of
a large square of buildings occupied by his
officers, and so elevated as to overlook them all
and command a view of the sea. On the right
hand was a small Gothic chapel with its ceme-
tery and immediately in front, close to the prin-
cipal entrance, was a guardroom where the
soldiers were amusing themselves ; some seated
on the ground playing cards, and smoking, while
others were dancing to the music of the guitar;
the whole was surrounded by a high wall orig-
inally intended as a defence against the Indians.
At the gate stood a sentinel, with slouched hat
and blanket thrown over one shoulder, his old
Spanish musket resting on the other ; his panta-
loons were buttoned and ornamented at the
knee, below which his legs were protected by
leggins of dressed deer skin, secured with
spangled garters.

"On the lawn beneath the hill on which the
presidio is built stood about thirty houses of
rude appearance, mostly occupied by retired vet-
erans, not so well constructed in respect either
to beauty or stability as the houses at Monterey,
with the exception of that belonging to our
Administrator, Don Juan Bandini, whose man-
sion, then in an unfinished state, bade fair, when
completed, to surpass any other in the country."

A few months later, Robinson on his return
to San Diego attended a house warming at Don
Juan Bandini's. "Senor Don Juan Bandini had
his house hcndccida or blessed during our stay
here, and Gale and myself were invited to attend.
The ceremony took place at noon, when the
chaplain proceeded through the different apart-
ments, sprinkling holy water on the walls and
uttering verses in Latin. This concluded, w-e
sat down to an excellent dinner consisting of all
the luxuries the place afforded provided in Don
Juan's best style." After dinner came a dance
"and in the evening a fandango. Such was San
Diego in 1829.

Seven years pass and then another employe

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

nf the "hide droghers" — R. H. Dana — draws this
picture of the old presidio and the town as he
saw them in 1836: "The first place we went to
was the old ruinous presidio, which stands on
a rising ground near the village which it over-
looks. It is built in the form of an open square,
like all the other presidios, and was in a most
ruinous state, with the exception of one side,
in which the commandant lived with his family.
There were only two guns, one of which was
spiked and the other had no carriage. Twelve
half clothed and half starved looking fellows
composed the garrison ; and they, it was said,
had not a musket apiece. The small settlement
lay directly below the fort composed of about
forty dark brown looking huts or houses and
three or four larger ones whitewashed, which
belonged to the "gente de razon."

One more picture and the last : The old
presidio is in ruins. The ragged soldiers are
gone. The cannon spiked and unspiked have
disappeared. The hide droghers are only a
memory. Another nation controls the destinies
of California, but through the changing years
San Diego remains unchanged. "Twenty-four
years after" (1859) Dana revisited the town and
thus describes it : "The little town of San Diego
has undergone no change whatever that I can
see. It certainly has not grown. It is still like
Santa Barbara, a Mexican town. The four prin-
cipal houses of the gente de razon — of the Ban-
dinis, Estudillos, Argiiellos, and Picos — are the
chief houses now; but all the gentlemen — and
their families, too, I believe — are gone. The
big, vulgar shop keeper and trader Fitch is long
since dead ; Tom Wrightington, who kept the
rival pulperia, fell from his horse when drunk
and was found nearly eaten up by coyotes ; and
I can scarce find a person whom I remember."

SANTA BARBARA.

Cabrillo, in 1542, found a large Indian popu-
lation inhabiting the main land of the Santa
Barbara Channel. Two hundred and twenty-
seven years later, when Portola made his ex-
ploration, apparently there had been no decrease
in the number of inhabitants. No portion of the
coast ofifered a better field for missionary labor
and Father Serra was anxious to enter it. In
accordance with Governor Felipe de Neve's
report of 1777, it had been decided to found
three missions and a presidio on the channel.
Various causes had delayed the founding and it
was not until April 17, 1782, that Governor do
Xevc arrived at the point where he had decided
to locate the presidio of Santa Barbara. Tiic
troops that were to man the fort reached San
Gabriel in the fall of 1781. It was thouglit best
for them In remain there tmtil the rainy season

was over. March 26, 1782, the Governor and
Father Serra, accompanied by the largest body
of troops that had ever before been collected in
California, set out to found the mission of San
Buenaventura and the presidio. The Gover-
nor, as has been stated in a former chapter, was
recalled to San Gabriel. The mission was
founded and the Governor having rejoined the
cavalcade a few weeks later proceeded to find a
location for the presidio.

"On reaching a point nine leagues from San
Buenaventura, the Governor called a halt and
in company with Father Serra at once proceeded
to select a site for the presidio. The choice
resulted in the adoption of the square now
formed by city blocks 139, 140, 155 and 156, and
bounded in common by the following streets:
Figueroa, Cafion Perdido, Garden and Anacapa.
A large community of Indians were residing
there, but orders were given to leave them un-
disturbed. The soldiers were at once directed
to hew timbers and gather brush to erect tem-
porary barracks, which when completed were
also used as a chapel. A large wooden cross
was made that it might be planted in the center
of the square and possession of the country was
taken in the name of the cross — the emblem of
Christianity.

"April 21, 1782, the soldiers formed a square
and with edifying solemnity raised the cross and
secured it in the earth. Father Serra blessed
and consecrated the district and preached a ser-
mon. The royal standard of Spain was un-
furled."*

An inclosure, sixty varas square, was made of
palisades. The Indians were friendly and
through their Chief Yanoalit, who controlled
thirteen rancherias, details of them were secured
to assist the soldiers in the work of building. The
natives were paid in food and clothing for their
labor.

Irrigation works were constructed consisting
of a large reservoir made of stone and cement,
with a zanja for conducting water to the
presidio. The soldiers, who had families, culti-
vated small gardens, which aided in their sup-
port. Lieutenant Ortega was in command of
the presidio for two years after its founding. He
was succeeded by Lieutenant Felipe de Goy-
coechea. After the founding of the mission, in
1786, a bitter feud broke out between the padres
and the comandante of the presidio. Goy-
coechea claimed the right to employ the Indians
in the building of the presidio, as he had done
l)efore the coming of the friars. This they
denied. After an acrimonious controversy the
dispute was finally compromised by dividing the

*Father Gabelleria's Hi

>f Santa Barbara.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Indians into two bands — a mission band and a
presidio band.

Gradually the palisades were replaced by an
adobe wall twelve feet high. It had a stone
foundation and was strongly built. The plaza or
inclosed square was 330 feet on each side. On
two sides of this inclosure were ranged the
family houses of the soldiers, averaging in size
15x25 feet. On one side stood the officers'
quarters and the church. On the remaining side
were the main entrance four varas wide, the store
rooms, soldiers' quarters and guard room ; and
adjoining these outside the walls were the cor-
rals for cattle and horses. A force of from fifty
to sixty soldiers was kept at the post. There
were bastions at two of the corners for cannon.

The presidio was completed about 1790, with
the exception of the chapel, which was not fin-
ished until 1797. Many of the soldiers when
they had served out their time desired to remain
in the country. These were given permission
to build houses outside the walls of the presidio
and in course of time a village grew up around
it.

At the close of the century the population of
the gente de razon of the district numbered 370.
The presidio when completed was the best in
California. Vancouver, the English navigator,
who visited it in November, 1793, says of it:
"Tiie buildings appeared to be regular and well
constructed, the walls clean and white and the
roofs of the houses were covered with a bright
red tile. The presidio excels all the others in
neatness, cleanliness and other smaller though
essential comforts ; it is placed on an elevated
part of the plain and is raised some feet from the
ground by a basement story which adds much
to its pleasantness."

During the Spanish regime the settlement at
the presidio grew in the leisurely way that all
Spanish towns grew in Californa. There was
but little immigration from Mexico and about
the only source of increase was from invalid sol-
diers and the children of the soldiers growing
up to manhood and womanhood.

Foreigners were not allowed to remain in the
country. In 1795, an English merchant ship,
the "Phoenix," touched at Santa Barbara for
supplies and left a Boston boy who wanted to
remain, "become a Christian" and grow up with
the country. This Boston boy's name was
Joseph O'Cain and he is described as "an. En-
glishman, a native of Ireland, whose parents now
reside in Boston." Whether O'Cain "became a
Christian" the records do not state, but he did
not become a citizen of California. A few
months after his arrival they shipped him to San
Bias.

The presidio furnished guards for the mis-

sions in its district, namely : San Gabriel, San
Fernando, San Buenaventura, Santa Barbara,
La Purisima and Santa Inez ; and also the pueblo
guard of Los Angeles. Lieutenant Jose de la
Guerra y Noriega took command of it in 181 5.
In 1818 he was promoted to be captain and for
twenty-four years was the comandante of the
district. During his administration, April, 1822,
the oath of allegiance to the imperial regency,
Augustin I., emperor of Mexico, was taken by
the officers, soldiers and citizens and the rule of
Spain was at an end. Next year they swore
allegiance to the Republic. Father Gabelleria in
his history says : "On receiving intelligence that
the cause of independence had triumphed, they
immediately took up the cry recognizing the
then Mexican government, and although they
were Spanish soldiers shouted with one accord,
'Abajo Esparia' (down with Spain)."

It was at this time that direct trade was
opened up between Boston and California and
the "hide droghers" that afterward became such
a prominent feature in California commerce
came to the coast. To William A. Gale, who in
the early years of the century had been a fur
trader on the coast, belongs the credit of inaugu-
rating this trade. With him, in 1829, in the ship
"Brookline," came Alfred Robinson, whose
"Life in California" gives us the best descrip-
tion of manners, usages and customs in Califor-
nia during the early years of the last century.
Robinson, who visited Santa Barbara in 1829,
thus describes it :

"Seen from the ship the 'presidio' or town,
its charming vicinity, and neat little mission in
the background, all situated on an inclined plane,
rising gradually from the sea to a range of ver-
dant hills, three miles from the beach, have a
striking and beautiful effect. Distance, however,
in this case, 'lends enchantment to the view'
which a nearer approach somewhat dispels ; for
we found the houses of the town, of which there
were some two hundred, in not very good con-
dition. They are built in the Spanish mode,
with adobe walls, and roofs of tile, and are scat-
tered about outside of the military department :
showing a total disregard of order on the part
of the authorities. On the left of the town in
an elevated position stands the Castillo or fort-
ress. * * * The most stately house in the
place at this time was that of the diputado to
Mexico, Don Jose de la Guerra y Noriega."

Dana, in "Two Years Before the Mast," de-
scribes the town as it was in 1836: "The town
is composed of one-story houses, built of sun-
baked clay, or adobe, .some of them white-
washed, with red tiles on the roofs. I should
judge that there were about a hundred of them ;
and in the midst of them stands the Presidio,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD,

or fort, built of the same material, and apparently
but little stronger. The town is finely situated
with a bay in front and an amphitheater of hills
behind. The only thing which diminishes its
beauty is, that the hills have no large trees upon
them, they having been all burnt by a great fire
which swept them off about a dozen years ago,
and they had not yet grown again. The fire
was described to me by an inhabitant as having
been a very terrible and magnificent sight. The
air of the whole valley was so heated that the
people were obliged to leave the town and take
up their quarters for several days on the beach."

Farnham, who visited the town in 1840, gives
this description of it in his "Early Days of Cali-
fornia :" "The houses are chiefly built in the
Spanish mode — adobe walls and roofs of tile.
These tiles are made of clay fashioned into half
cylinders, and burned like brick. In using them,
the first layer is placed hollow side up ; the sec-
ond inversely, so as to lock over the first. Their
ends overlap each other as common shingles do.
This roofing serves very well in dry weather.
But when the southeasters of the winter season
come on, it affords a poor shelter. Very few of
the houses have glass windows. Open spaces in
the walls protected with bars of wood and plank
shutters, serve instead. A. B. Thompson, a
wealthy and hospitable American merchant, has
erected a residence in the center of the town,
which bears very striking testimony to his being
a civilized man."

Fremont's battalion took possession of Santa
Barbara, December 27, 1846. Next day the
United States flag was raised on the flag stafT
in the plaza, from which had floated the banner

of Spain, the imperial standard of the empire
and the cactus-perched eagle flag of the Republic
of Mexico.

Lieut. Bryant, of Fremont's battalion, de-
scribes the town as it appeared at the time of
the American conquest : "The town of Santa
Barbara is beautifully situated for the pictur-
esque, about one mile from the shore of a road-
stead, which affords anchorage for vessels of
any size, and a landing for boats in calm weather.
The population of the town, I should judge from
the number of houses to be about 1,200 souls.
Most of the houses are constructed of adobes,
in the usual architectural style of Mexican build-
ings. Some of them, however, are more Ameri-
canized, and have some pretentions to tasteful
architecture, and comfortable and convenient in-
terior arrangement.

For intelligence, refinement and civilization
the population, it is said, will compare advan-
tageously with any in California. Some old and
influential Spanish families are residents of this
place ; but their casas, with the exception of that
of Sehor Don Jose Noriega, the largest house
in the place, are now closed and deserted. It is
a peculiarity of the Mexicans that they allow no
shade or ornamental trees to grow near their
houses. In none of the streets of the towns or
missions through which I have passed has there
been a solitary tree standing. I noticed very
few horticultural attempts in Santa Barbara."

In 1834, the diputacion granted the pueblo a
regular ayuntamiento, but what the municipal
council did, no one knows. The records have
been lost. The legislature of 1849-50 incorpor-
ated the City of Santa Barbara, April 9, 1850.

CHAPTER Vll.

FOUNDING OF THE PUEBLO DE LOS ANGELES.

THE history of the founding of our Ameri-
can cities shows that the location of a city,
as well as its plan, is as often the result of
accident as of design. Neither chance nor acci-
dent entered into the selection of the site, the
plan or the name of Los Angeles. All these had
been determined upon years before a colonist
had been enlisted to make the settlement. The
.Spanish colonist, unlike the American back-
woodsman, was not free to locate on the public
<lomain wherever his caprice or his convenience
dictated.

The Spanish poblador (founder or colonist)
went where he was sent by his government. He
built his pueblo after a plan designated by royal

reglamento. His planting and his sowing, the
size of his fields and the shape of his house lot
were fixed by royal decree. He was a dependent
of the crown. The land he cultivated was not
his own, except to use. If he failed to till it, it
was taken from him and he was deported from
the colony. He could not buy the land he lived on
nor could he even exercise that privilege so dear
to the ./Knglo-Californian — the right to mortgage
it. Once located by royal order he could not
change his location without permission nor could
he visit his native land without a passport. He
could not change his political opinions — that is
if he had any to change. He could not change
his religion and survive the operation. Envi-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD,

roned and circumscribed by limitations and re-
strictions on all sides, it is not strange that the
Spanish colonists were non-progressive.

The pueblo plan of colonization so common
in Spanish-American countries did not originate
with the Spanish-American colonists. It was
older even than Spain itself. In early Euro-
pean colonization, the pueblo plan, the common
square in the center of the town, the house lots
grouped round it, the arable fields and the com-
mon pasture lands beyond, appears in the Aryan
village, in the ancient German mark and in the
old Roman prsesidium. The Puritans adopted
this form in their first settlements in New Eng-
land. Around the public square or common
where stood the meeting house and the town
house, they laid off their home lots and beyond
these were their cultivated fields and their com-
mon pasture lands. This form of colonization
was a combination of communal interests and
individual ownership. Primarily, no doubt, it
was adopted for protection against the hostile
aborigines of the country, and secondly for social
advantage. It reversed the order of our own
western colonization. The town came first, it
was the initial point from which the settlement
radiated ; while with our western pioneers the
town was an afterthought — a center point for the
convenience of trade.

When it had been decided to send colonists to
colonize California the settlements naturally took
the pueblo form. The difificulty of obtaining
regular supplies for the presidios from Mexico,
added to the great expense of shipping such a
long distance, was the principal cause that influ-
enced the government to establish pueblos de
gente de razon. The presidios received their
shipments of grain for breadstuff from San Bias
by sailing vessels. The arrival of these was un-
certain. Once when the vessels were unusually
long in coming, the padres and the soldiers at the
presidios and missions were reduced to living on
milk, bear meat and what provisions they could
obtain from the Indians. When Felipe de Neve
was made governor of Alta or Nueva California
in 1776, he was instructed by the viceroy to make
observations on the agricultural possibilities of
the country and the feasibility of founding pueb-
los where grain could be produced to supply
the military establishments.

On his journey from San Diego to San Fran-
cisco in 1777, he carefully examined the country ;
and as a result of his observations recommended
the founding of two pueblos : one on the Rio de
Porciuncula in the south, and the other on the
Rio de Guadalupe in the north. On the 29th
day of November, 1777, the Pueblo of San Jose
de Guadalupe was founded. The colonists were
nine of the presidio soldiers from San Francisco

and Monterey, who had some knowledge of
farming, and five of Anza's pobladores, who had
come with his expedition the previous year to
found the presidio of San Francisco. From the
fact that the founders, in part, of the first pueblo
in California were soldiers has originated the fic-
tion that the founders of the second pueblo, Los
Angeles, were soldiers also ; although this fiction
has been contradicted repeatedly, it reappears in
nearly every newspaper write-up of the early his-
tory of Los Angeles.

From various causes the founding of the sec-
ond pueblo had been delayed. In the latter part
of 1779, active preparations were begun for car-
rying out the plan of founding a presidio and
three missions on the Santa Barbara Channel
and a pueblo on the Rio Porciuncula to be
named "Reyna de Los Angeles." The Coman-
dante-General of the Four Interior Provinces of
the West (which embraced the Cahfornias, So-
nora. New Mexico and Viscaya), Don Teodoro
de Croix or "El Cavallero de Croix," "The
Knight of the Cross," as he usually styled him-
self, gave instructions to Don Fernando de Ri-
vera y Moncada to recruit soldiers and settlers
for the proposed presidio and pueblo in Nueva
California. He, Rivera, crossed the Gulf and
began recruiting in Sonora and Sinaloa. His
instructions were to secure twenty-four settlers,
who were heads of families. They must be ro-
bust and well behaved, so that they might set a
good example to the natives. Their families
must accompany them and unmarried female rel-
atives must be encouraged to go, with the view
of marrying them to bachelor soldiers.

According to the Regulations drafted by Gov.
Felipe deNeve June 1,1779, fo'' the Government
of the Province of California and approved by
the King, in a royal order of the 24th of Octo-
ber, 1781, settlers in California from the older
provinces were each to be granted a liouse lot
and a tract of land for cultivation. Each pobla-
dor in addition was to receive $116.50 a year for
the first two years, "the rations to be understood
as comprehended in this amount, and in lieu of
rations for the next three years they will receive
sixty dollars yearly."

Section 3 of Title 14 of the Reglamento pro-
vided that "To each poblador and to the com-
munity of the Pueblo there shall be given under
condition of repayment in horses and mules fit
to be given and received, and in the payment of
the other large and small cattle at the just prices,
which are to be fixed by tariff, and of the tools
and implements at cost, as it is ordained, two
mares, two cows and one calf, two sheep and two
goats, all breeding animals, and one yoke of
oxen or steers, one plow point, one hoe, one
spade, one axe, one sickle, one wood knife, one

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

musket and one leather shield, Iwo horses and
one cargo mule. To the community there shall
likewise be given the males corresponding to
the total number of cattle of different kinds dis-
tributed amongst all the inhabitants, one forge
and anvil, six crowbars, six iron spades or shov-
els and the necessary tools for carpenter and cast
work." For the government's assistance to the
pobladors in starting their colony the settlers
were required to sell to the presidios the surplus
products of their lands and herds at fair prices,
which were to be fixed by the government.

The terms offered to the settler were certainly
liberal, and by our own hardy pioneers, who in
the closing years of the last century were making
their way over the Alleghany mountains into
Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee, they would have
been considered munificent ; but to the indolent
and energyless mixed breeds of Sonora and
.'-iinaloa they were no inducement. After spend-
ing nearly nine months in recruiting, Rivera was
able to obtain only fourteen pobladores, but little
over half the number required, and two of these
deserted before reaching California. The soldiers
that Rivera had recruited for California, forty-
two in number, with their families, were ordered
to proceed overland from Alamos, in Sonora, by
way of Tucson and the Colorado River to San
Gabriel Mission. These were commanded by
Rivera in person.

Leaving Alamos in April, 1781, thev arrived
in the latter part of June at the junction of the
Gila and Colorado rivers. After a short delay
to rest the main company was sent on to San
Gabriel Mission. Rivera, with ten or twelve
soldiers, remained to recruit his live stock before
crossing the desert. Two missions had been
established on the California side of the Colo-
rado the previous year. Before the arrival of
Rivera the Indians had been behaving badly.
Rivera's large herd of cattle and horses de-
stroyed the mesquite trees and intruded upon
the Indians' melon patches. This, with their
previous quarrel with the padres, provoked the
savages to an uprising. They, on July 17, at-
tacked the two missions, massacred the padres
and the Spanish settlers attached to the missions
and killed Rivera and his soldiers — forty-six
persons in all. The Indians burned the mis-
sion buildings. These w^ere never rebuilt nor
was there any other attempt made to convert
the Vumas. The hostility of the Yumas prac-
tically closed the Colorado route to California
for many years.

The pobladores who had been recruited for
the founding of the new pueblo, with their fam-
ilies and a military escort, all under the com-
mand of Lieutenant Jose Zuiiiga, crossed the
gulf from Guaymas to Loreto, in Lower Califor-

nia, and by the i6th of May were ready for their
long journey northward. In the meantime two
of the recruits had deserted and one was left
behind at Loreto. On the i8th of August the
eleven who had remained faithful to their con-
tract, with their families, arrived at San Gabriel.
( )n account of smallpox among some of the
children the company was placed in quaran-
tine about a league from the mission.

On the 26th of August, 1781, from San Ga-
briel, Governor de Neve issued his instructions
for the founding of Los Angeles, which gave
some additional rules in regard to the distribu-
tion of lots not found in the royal reglamento
previously mentioned.

On the 4th of September. 1781, the colonists,
with a military escort headed by Governor Felipe
de Neve, took up their line of march from the
INIission San Gabriel to the site selected for their
pueblo on the Rio de Porciuncula. There, with
religious ceremonies, the Pueblo de Nuestra
Sefiora La Reina de Los Angeles was formally
founded. A mass was said by a priest from the
Mission San Gabriel, assisted by the choristers
and musicians of that mission. There were
salvos of musketry and a procession with a
cross, candlesticks, etc. At the head of the pro-
cession the soldiers bore the standard of Spain
and the women followed bearing a banner with
the image of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels.
This procession made a circuit of the plaza, the
priest blessing it and the building lots. At the
close of the services Governor de Neve made an
address full of good advice to the colonists.
Then the Governor, his military escort and the
priests returned to San Gabriel and the colo-
nists were left to work out their destiny.

Few of the great cities of the land have had
such humble founders as Los Angeles. Of the
eleven pobladores who built their huts of poles
and tule thatch around the plaza vieja one hun-
dred and twenty years ago, not one could read
or WTite. Not one could boast of an unmixed
ancestry. They were mongrels in race — Cauca-
sian, Indian and Negro mixed. Poor in purse,
poor in blood, poor in all the sterner qualities of
character that our own hardy pioneers of the
west possessed, they left no impress on the city
they founded ; and the conquering race that pos-
sesses the land they colonized has forgotten
them. No street or landmark in the city bears
the name of any one of them. No monument
or tablet marks the spot where they planted the
germ of their settlement. No Forefathers' day
preserves the memory of their services and sac-
rifices. Their names, race and the number of
persons in each family have been preserved in
the archives of California. They are as follows :

I. Jose de Lara, a Spaniard (or reputed to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

be one, although it is doubtful whether he was of
pure blood) ; had an Indian wife and three chil-
dren.

2. Jose Antonio Navarro, a Mestizo, forty-
two years old; wife a mulattress ; three children.

3. Basilio Rosas, an Indian, sixty-eight years
old ; had a mulatto wife and two children.

5. Antonio Felix \'illavicencio, a Spaniard,
thirty rears old; had an Indian wife and one
child.

6. Jose \'anegas, an Indian, twenty-eight
years old; had an Indian wife and one child.

7. Alejandro Rosas, an Indian, nineteen
years old and had an Indian wife. (In the rec-
ords, "wife Co_\-ote-Indian.")*

8. Pablo Rodriguez, an Indian, twenty-five
years old ; had an Indian wife and one child.

9. Manuel Camero, a mulatto, thirty years
old ; had a mulatto wife.

10. Luis Ouintero, a negro, fifty-five years
old, and had a mulatto wife and five children.

11. Jose Morena, a mulatto, twenty-two
years old, and had a mulatto wife.

Antonio Miranda, the twelfth person de-
scribed in the padron (list) as a Chino, fifty
years old, and having one child, was left at
Loreto when the expedition marched northward.
It would have been impossible for him to have
rejoined the colonists before the founding. Pre-
sumably his child remained with him, conse-
quently there were but forty-four instead of
"forty-six persons in all." Col. J. J. Warner, in
his "Historical Sketch of Los Angeles," orig-
inated the fiction that one of the founders (Mi-
randa, the Chino) was born in China. Chino,
while it does mean a Chinaman, is also applied
in Spanish-American countries to persons or
animals having curly hair. Miranda was prob-
bably of mixed Spanish and Negro blood, and
curly haired. There is no record to show that
.Miranda ever came to Alta California.

Another fiction that frequently appears in
newspaper "write-ups" of Los Angeles is the
statement that the founders were "discharged
soldiers from the Mission San Gabriel." None
of them had ever seen San Gabriel before they
arrived there with Zuniga's expedition on the
18th of August, 1781, nor is there a probability
that any one of them ever was a soldier. When
Jose de Galvcz was fitting out the expedition
for occupying San Diego and Monterey, he is-
sued a proclamation naming St. Joseph as the
patron saint of his California colonization
scheme. Bearing this fact in mind, no doubt.
Governor de Neve, when he founded San Jose,
named St. Joseph its patron .saint. Having

*Tlio lerni coyote was appl
tivfs of Lower California.

named one of the two pueblos for San Jose it
naturally followed that the other should be
named for Santa Maria, the Queen of the An-
gels, wife of San Jose.

On the 1st of August, 1769, Portola's expedi-
tion, on its journey northward in search of Mon-
terey Bay, had halted in the San Gabriel Valley
near where the IMission \ieja was afterwards
located, to reconnoiter the country and "above
all," as Father Crespi observes, "for the purpose
of celebrating the jubilee of Our Lady of the
Angels of Porciuncula." Next day, August 2,
after traveling about three leagues (nine miles).
Father Crespi, in his diary, says: "We came to
a rather wide Canada having a great many Cot-
tonwood and alder trees. Through it ran a beau-
tiful river toward the north-northeast and curv-
ing around the point of a cliff it takes a direc-
tion to the south. Toward the north-northeast
we saw another river bed which must have been
a great overflow, but we found it dry. This arm
unites with the river and its great floods during
the rainy season are clearly demonstrated by
the many uprooted trees scattered along the
banks." (This dry river is the Arroyo Seco.)
"We stopped not very far from the river, to
which we gave the name of Porciuncula." Por-
ciuncula is the name of a hamlet in Italy near
which was located the little church of Our Lady
of the Angels, in which St. Francis of Assisi
was praying when the jubilee was granted him.
Leather Crespi, speaking of the plain through
which the river flows says : "This is the best
locality of all those we have yet seen for a mis-
sion, besides having all the resources required
for a large town." Padre Crespi was evidently
somewhat of a prophet.

The fact that this locality had for a number of
years borne the name of "Our Lady of the An-
gels of Porciuncula" may have influenced Gov-
ernor de Neve to locate his pueblo here. The
full name of the town. El Pueblo de Nuestra
Senora La Reina de Los Angeles, was seldom
used. It was too long for everyday use. In the
earlier years of the town's history it seems to
have had a variety of names. It appears in the
records as Fl Pueblo de Nuestra Senora de Los
Angeles, as El Pueblo de La Reina de Los An-
geles and as El Pueblo de Santa Maria de Los
Angeles. Sometimes it was abbreviated to
Santa Maria, but it w-as most commonly spoken
of as El Pueblo — the town. At what time the
name of Rio Porciuncula was changed to Rio
Los Angeles is uncertain. The change no doubt
was gradual.

The site selected for the pueblo of Los An-
geles was picturesque and romantic. From
where Alameda street now is to the eastern
bank of the river the land was covered with a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

dense growth of willows, cottonwoods and al-
ders ; while here and there, rising above the
swampy copse, towered a giant aliso (sycamore).
A\'ild grape vines festooned the branches of the
trees and wild roses bloomed in profusion. Be-
hind the narrow shelf of mesa land where the
pueblo was located rose the brown hills, and in
the distance towered the lofty Sierra Madre
mountains.

Forages the Indians had roamed up and down
the valley, hut the Indian is so ardent a lover of
nature that he never defaces her face by attempt-
ing to make improvements — particularly if it re-
quires exertion to make the changes. For cen-
turies within the limits that Neve had marked
out for his pueblo had stood the Indian village
of Yang-na or rather a succession of villages of
that name. When the accretions of filth en-
croached upon the red man's dwelling and the
increase of certain kinds of live stock, of name

offensive to ears polite, had become so great and
their appetites so keen that even the phlegmatic
Digger could no longer endure their aggressive
attacks, then the poor Indian resorted to a he-
roic method of house-cleaning. ( )n an appointed
day the portable property was removed from the
wickeups, the village was set on fire and myriads
on myriads of piojos and piilgas were cremated
in the conflagration. Alter purification by fire
poor Lo built a new village on the old site — a
new town with the same old name, Yang-na.
Probably all of the Indians of Yang-na had been
gathered into the mission fold at San Gabriel
iDefore Neve's pobladores built their huts on the
banks of the Rio Porciuncula, still there seems
to have been fears of an attack by hostile In-
dians, for the colonists built a guard house and
barracks and a guard of soldiers was stationed
at the pueblo for many years after the found-
ing.

CHAPTER Vlll.

LOS ANGELES IN THE SPANISH ERA.

IN THE previous chapter we had a description
of the founding of the pueblo and the dedi-
cation of the house lots and the plaza. The
plaza is an essential feature in the plan of
Spanish-America towns. It is usually the geo-
graphical center of the pueblo lands. The old
plaza of El Pueblo de Nuestra Seiiora La Reina
de Los Angeles, as designated by Gov. Felipe de
Neve, in his "Instruccion para La I-'undaccion
de Los Angeles," was a parallelogram one hun-
dred varas in length by seventy-five in breadth.
It was laid out w-ith its corners facing the cardi-
nal points of the compass, and with three streets
running perpendicularly to each of its four sides,
so that no street would be swept by the winds.
The Governor evidently supposed that the winds
would always blow from the orthodox four cor-
ners of the earth ; therefore, he cut out his town
on the bias, so as to outwit old Boreas.

The usual area of a pueblo in California was
four square leagues, or about 17,770 acres (a
Spanish square league contains 4,4444-9 acres).
The pueblo lands were divided into solares, or
house lots, suertes* — planting fields, dehesas,
outside pasture lands ; ejidos, or commons, lands
nearest the town where the mustangs were teth-
ered and the goats roamed at pleasure (from the
ejidos, solares or house lots may be granted to

*Sucrto — cliancc or
icrtes because assigned

new comers) ; propios^ — public lands that may
be rented or leased, and the proceeds used to
defray municipal expenses ; realanges, or royal
lands, also used for raising revenue, and from
these lands grants were made to new settlers.
In addition there was also certain communal
property know?n as Bienes Concejiles, which
term has been defined as "that which, in respect
of ownership, belongs to the public or council of
a city, village or town, and in respect of its use
belongs to every one of its inhabitants, such as
fountains, woods, the pastures, waters of rivers
for irrigation, etc."

After the pobladores had built their rude huts
they turned their attention to the preparation of
their fields for cultivation. A toma, or dam, and
an irrigating ditch were constructed. This
ditch passed along the east side and close to
those lots on the southeastern corner of the
square. It not only supplied the settlers with
water for irrigating their fields, but also for
drinking and household purposes. It was the
first water system of Los Angeles. According
to Neve's "Instructions," the suertes, or plant-
ing fields, were to be located at least 200 varas
from the house lots that surrounded the square.
This instruction, if complied with, located the
western line of these fields about where Ala-
meda street now is.

The following description nf the colonists'
idanting fields is taken from the first Los .\n-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

geles directory, published in 1872 by A. J- King
and A. Waite :

"Thirty fields for cultivation were also laid
out. Twenty-six of these fields contained each
40,000 square varas (equal to about eight acres).
They were, with the exception of four (which
were 300 by 100 varas) 200 varas square, and
separated by lanes three varas wide. The fields
were located between the irrigating ditch and the
river, and mostly above a line running direct and
nearly east from the town site to the river. (The
fields covered ihe present site of Chinatown and
that of the lumber yards, and possibly extended
up to the San Fernando, or river station depot.)
The distance from the irrigating ditch to the
river across these fields was upwards of 1,200
varas. At that time the river ran along where
now (1872) stand the houses of Julian Chavez
and Elijah Moulton. It was evident that when
the town was laid out the bluff bank, which in
modern times extended from Aliso street up by
the Stearns (now Capitol) mill to the toma, did
not e.xist, but was made when the river ran near
the town."

The streets of the pueblo were each ten varas
(about twenty-eight feet) wide. The boundaries
of the Plaza Vieja, or old plaza, as nearly as it
is possible to locate them now, are as follows:
"The southeast corner of Tapper Main and Mar-
chessault streets for the southern or southeast-
ern corner of the square ; the east line of Upper
Main street from the above-named corner, 100
varas, in a northerly direction for the east line
of the square ; the eastern line of new High
street for the western line of the square ; and the
northern line of Marchessault street for the
southern line of the square."* LTpon three sides
of this parallelogram were the house lots, each
40x20 varas, except the two corner lots, which,
fronting in part on two sides of the square, were
L-shaped.

The eastern half of the southwestern side was
left vacant ; the western half of this side was de-
signed for the public buildings — a guard-house,
a town-house and a public granary.

While the house lots, the tilling-fields and a
certain part of the live stock belonged in sever-
alty to each head of a family, and to the care and
cultivation of which he was supposed to devote
his time and attention, there were also certain
comnuuiity interests of which each was re-
quired to perform his part, such as building the
guard-house, the public granaries and the irri-
gating works, standing guard and herding the
village flocks. It was discovered before long that
there were shirks among the colonists — men who
would not do their part of the conumuiity labor.

•J. J. WanuT's Hi.slorical sketch of Los .■\ngelcs Co.

Early in 1782, Jose de Lara, one of the two Span-
iards, Antonio Mesa and Luis Quintero, the two
negroes, were deported from the colony and
their property taken from them by order of the
Governor, they being "useless to the pueblo and
to themselves." As their families went with them,
by their deportation the population of the pueblo
was reduced to twenty-eight persons. The re-
maining colonists went to work. T'efore the
close of 1784 they had replaced most of their
tule-thatchcd and mud-daubed huts of poles with
adobe houses. They had built the public build-
ings required and had begun the erection of a
chapel. All of these were built of adobe and
covered with thatch.

In 1785 Jose Francisco Sinova, a laborer, who
for a number of years had lived in California,
applied for admission into the pueblo and was ad-
mitted on the same terms as the original pobla-
dores.

In 1786 Alferez (Lieut.) Jose Argiiello, who
had been detailed for that purpose by Governor
Fages, the successor of de Neve, put the nine
settlers who had been faithful to their trust in
legal possession of their house, lots and sowing
fields. Corporal A^icente Felix and Private Roque
de Cota acted as legal witnesses. Each colonist
in the presence of the others received a grant of
a house, lot and three sowing fields, and he was
given a branding-iron to distinguish his live
stock from that of his neighbors.

It is probable that there had from the begin-
ning been some understanding of what was the
individual property of each one. Each of the
nine settlers signed his grant or agreement with
a cross ; not one of them could write. Lieut.
Argiiello spent but little time over surveys, and
probably set up no landmarks to define bound-
aries. The propios were said to extend southerly
2,200 varas from the toma or dam (which was
located near the point where the Fiuena Vista
street bridge now crosses the river) to the limit
of the distributed lands. The realenges, or royal
lands, were located on the eastern side of the
river.

The e.xterior boundaries of the pueblo were
not fi.xcd then, nor were they ever defined while
the town was under the domination of Spain. .\s
we shall find later on, this occasioned controver-
sies between the missionaries of San Gabriel and
the settlers of Los Angeles.

The local government of the pueblo was a
combination of the military and the civil forms.
The civil authority was vested in an alcalde and
two regidores (councilman) ; the military in a
corporal of the guard. There was another office,
that of coniisionado, which was quasi-military.
The principal duty of this officer was to appor-
tion the pueblo lands to new settlers.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

The corporal of the pueblo guard seems to
have been the ranking officer in the town gov-
ernment, and, in addition to his military com-
mand, had supervision over the acts of the rcgi-
dores and the alcalde.

The civil authorities were at first appointed
bv the governor; later on they were elected by
the people. The territory of California was di-
vided into military districts, corresponding in
number to the presidios. Each military district
was under the command of a military officer
(captain or lieutenant), who reported to the gov-
ernor, who was also an army officer, usually a
lieutenant-colonel or colonel.

At the time of the founding of Los Angeles
there were three presidios, viz. : San Diego,
^Monterey and San Francisco. Los Angeles was
at first attached to San Diego. After the found-
ing of Santa Barbara presidio it was placed in
that military district.

The corporal of the pueblo guard reported to
the commander of his district, and the com-
mander to the comandante-general or governor.
Mcente Felix, who assisted Lieut. Argiiello in
the distribution of the pueblo lands to the set-
tlers in 1/86, was the first corporal of the pueblo
guard, which was furnished from the presidio
of San Diego, and consisted of four or five sol-
diers of the regular army. All the male in-
habitants of the pueblo over eighteen years were
subject to military service, both at home in keep-
ing order, and in the field in case of foreign in-
vasion or an Indian outbreak. The.'^c civilian
soldiers reported to the corporal of the guard for
duty. Each was required to provide himself with
a horse, a musket and a cuera or shield of bull
hide.

For fifty years after the founding of the pueblo
a guard was kept on duty at the cuartel or guard-
house that stood just above the church of Our
Lady of the Angels, on what is now the north-
west corner of Upper Main and Marchessault
streets; and nightly armed sentinels patroled the
town.

Los Angeles, like all pioneer settlements of
America, had her Indian question to settle.
There are no records of Indian massacres, but
Indian scares occurred occasionally. In 1785 we
find from the provincial records that 35 pounds
of powder and 800 bullets were sent to Los An-
geles as a reserve supply of ammunition for the
settlers in case of an attack. There was not
much danger from the valley Indians, who had
been tamed by mission training and subjugated
by the lash, but the mountain Indians were pred-
atory and ho.stile. At one time the Mojaves
made an incursion into the valley with the design
of sacking the mission and attacking Los .An-
geles. They penetrated within two leagues of

the mission, where they killed a neophyte, but,
hearing that there was a company of soldiers at
Los Angeles prepared to attack them, they fled
back to the mountains.

Between 1786 and 1790 the number of families
increased from 9 to 30. An estado, or census of
the pueblo, taken August 17, 1790, gives its
total population 141, divided as follows: Males,
75; females, 66; unmarried, 91; married, 44;
widowed, 6; under 7 years, 47; 7 to 16 years,
33; 16 to 29 years, 12; 29 to 40 years, 27; 40 to
90 years, 13; over 90 years, 9; Europeans, i;
Spanish (this probably means Spanish-Ameri-
cans), 72; Indians, 7; Mulattoes, 22; Mestizos,
39. The large percentage of the population over
90 years of age is rather remarkable. The mixed
races still constituted a large proportion of the
pueblo population. The increase of inhabitants
came largely from discharged soldiers of the
presidios.

It was the policy of the government to encour-
age marriages between the bachelor soldiers
and neophyte women, and thus increase the pop-
ulation of the territory without the expense of
importing colonists from Mexico. Spain evi-
dently looked more to the quantity of her colo-
nists than to the quality.

Of the social hfe of the pueblo we know but
little. The inhabitants were not noted for good
behavior ; they were turbulent and quarrelsome.
The mixture of races was not conducive of har-
monv and good citizenship.

Corporal Felix seems to have been moderately
successful in controlling the discordant elements.
The settlers complained of his severity, but the
governor sustained him, and he retained his posi-
tion to the close of the century. If padre Sala-
zar's opinions of the colonists of California were
correct, they were a hard lot ; but the padres
were opposed to all efforts at the colonization of
California by gente de razon, and the priest's
picture of pueblo life may be overdrawn. He
asserted that "the inhabitants of the pueblos
were idlers and paid more attention to gambling
and playing the guitar than to tilling their lands
and educating their children. The pagans did
most of the work, took a large part of the crop,
and were so well supplied thereby that they did
not care to be converted and live at tlTe mis-
sions. The friars attended to the spiritual needs
of the settlers free of charge, and their tithes did
California no good. Young men grew up with-
out restraint and wandered among the ranchcrias,
setting the Indians a bad example and indulging
in excesses that were sure sooner or later to
result in disaster."

Xotwithstanding Salazar's doleful picture of
the ])uel)los. that of Los Angeles had made fair
l)rogress. In 1790 the earlier settlers had all re-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

placed their huts of poles with adobe houses.
There were twenty-nine dwellings, a town hall,
barrack, cuartel and granaries built of adobe, and
around these was a wall of the same material.
Whether the wall was built as a defense against
hostile Indians or to prevent incursions of their
herds into the village does not appear. In 1790
their crop of grain amounted to 4,500 bushels,
and their cattle had increased to 3,000 head.
During the decade between 1790 and 1800 the
population increased from 141 to 315. The in-
crease came chiefly from the growing up of chil-
dren and from the discharged soldiers of the pre-
sidios. Horses and cattle increased from 3,000
to 12,500 head, and the production of grain
reached 7,800 bushels in 1796. In 1800 they
offered to enter into an agreement to supply
3,400 bushels of wheat per year, at $1.66 per
bushel, for the San Bias market. Taxes were low
and were payable in grain. Each settler was re-
quired to give annually two fanegas of maize
or wheat for a public fund to be expended for
the good of the community.

The decade between 1800 and 1810 was as de-
void of noteworthy events as the preceding one.
Life in the pueblo was a monotonous round of
commonplace occurrences. The inhabitants had
but little communication with the world be-
yond their own narrow limits. There was a mail
between Mexico and California but once a
month. As not more than half a dozen of the
inhabitants could read or write, the pueblo mail
added little weight to the budget of the soldiers'
correras (mail carriers).

The settlers tilled their little fields, herded
their cattle and sheep, and quarreled among
themselves. During the decade drunkenness and
other excesses were reported as alarmingly on
the increase, and, despite the efforts of the co-
misionado, the pobladores could not be con-
trolled. The jail and the stocks were usually
\w\\ filled. \'icente Felix was no longer com-
missioner. Javier Alvarado, a sergeant of the
army, was comisionado in 1809, and probably
had filled the office the preceding years of
the decade. Population increased slowly during
the decade. In 1810 there were 365 persons
in the pueblo; fifty had been recruited from the
town for niilitar)- service in the presidios. This
would make a total of 415, or an increase of
100 in ten years.

The decade between 1810 and 1820 was
marked by a greater increase in population than
the preceding one. In 1820 the population of
the pueblo, including the few ranches surround-
ing it which were under its jurisdiction, was 650.
The rule of Spain in Mexico was drawing to an
end. The revolutionary war begun by Hidalgo
at the pueblo of Dolores in 1810 was carried on

with varying success throughout this decade.
About all that was known of it in California was
that some disturbance in New Spain prevented
supplies being sent to the missions and the pre-
sidios. The officers and soldiers received no
pay. There was no money at the presidios to
buy the products of the pueblos, and there were
hard times all along the line. The common
people knew little or nothing of what was going
on in Mexico, and probably cared less. They
had no aspirations for independence and were
unfit for any better government than they had.
The friars were strong adherents of the Spanish
crown and bitterly opposed to a republican
form of government. If the revolution suc-
ceeded it would be the downfall of their power
in California.

The most exciting event of the decade was the
appearance on the coast of California, in Novem-
ber, 1818, of the "pirate Buchar," as he was com-
monly called by the Californians. Bouchard
was a Frenchman, in the service of the revolu-
tionists of Buenos Ayres, and carried letters of
marque, which authorized him to prey on Span-
ish commerce. Bouchard, with two ships, carry-
ing 66 guns and 350 men, attacked Monterey,
and after an obstinate resistance by the Cali-
fornians, it was captured and burned. He next
pillaged Ortega's ranch and burned the build-
ings ; then, sailing down the coast, he scared the
Santa Barbarans, looked into San Pedro Bay.
but finding nothing there to tempt him, he kept
on to San Juan Capistrano. Here he landed and
robbed the mission of a few articles and drank
the padres' wine ; then he sailed away and dis-
appeared from the coast. Los Angeles sent a
company of soldiers to Santa Barbara to fight
the insurgents. The Santa Barbara and Los An-
geles troops reached San Juan the day after Bou-
chard pillaged the mission. Los Angeles lost
nothing by the insurgents, but on the contrary
gained two citizens — Joseph Chapman, of Massa-
chusetts, and an American negro, named Fisher.
Joseph Chapman was the first English-speaking
resident of Los Angeles. He and Fisher were
captured at Monterey, and not at Ortega's ran-
cho, as stated by Stephen C. Foster. Chapman
married and located at the Alission San Gabriel,
where he became Padre Sanchez' man of all
work, and built the first mill in Southern Cali-
fornia.

The first year of the third decade of the cen-
tury witnessed the downfall of Spanish domina-
tion in Mexico. The patriot priest Hidalgo had.
on the 15th of September, i8io, struck the first
blow for' independence. For eleven years a frat-
ricidal war was waged — cruel, bloody and dev-
astating. Hidalgo, Allende. Mina, Morelos,
Aldama, Rayon, and other patriot leaders sacri-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ficed their lives for the liberty of their countr}-.
Under Iturbide, in September, 1821, the inde-
pendence of Mexico was finally achieved. It was
not until September, 1822, that the flag of Spain

was supplanted by that of Mexico in California,
although the oath of allegiance to the imperial
government of Mexico was taken in April by
Sola and others.

CHAPTER IX.

TRANSITION PERIOD— FROM MONARCHY TO REPUBLIC.

PABLO VICENTE DE SOLA was gov-
ernor of Alta California when the transi-
tion came from the rule of Spain to that of
Mexico. He had received his appointment from
Viceroy Calleja in 1814. Calleja, the butcher of
Guanajuato, was the crudest and the most
bloodthirsty of the vice-regal governors of New
Spain during the Mexican revolution. Sola was
thoroughly in sympathy with the loyalists and
bitterly opposed to the revolutionary party of
Mexico. To his influence and that of the friars
was due the adherence of California to the cause
of Spain. Throughout the eleven years of inter-
necine war that deluged the soil of Mexico with
blood, the sympathies of the Californians were
not with those who were struggling for freedom.

Of the political upheavals that shook Spain in
the first decades of the century only the faintest
rumblings reached far-distant California. Not-
withstanding the many changes of rulers that
political revolutions and Napoleonic wars gave
the mother country, the people of California re-
mained loyal to the Spanish crown, although at
times they must have been in doubt who wore
the crown. The success of the revolutionary
movement in ^Mexico was no doubt bitterly dis-
appointing to Sola, but he gracefully submitted
to the inevitable.

For half a century the Spanish flag had floated
in California. It was lowered and in its place
was hoisted the imperial standard of the jNIexican
Empire. A few months pass and the fiag of the
empire is supplanted by the tricolor of the Re-
public of Mexico. Thus the Californians, in little
more than one year, have passed under three
different forms of government — that of a king-
dom, an empire and a republic, and Sola, from a
loyal Spanish governor, has been transformed
into a RIcxican republican.

The transition from one form of government
to another was not marked by any radical
changes. Under the empire a beginning was
made towards a representative government. Cal-
ifornia was given a "diputacion provincial" or
provincial legislature, composed of a president
and six vocales or members. This territorial
legislature met at Monterey November Q, 1822.
Los .'\ngeles, was rcjircscnted in it by Jose

Paloniares and Jose Antonio Carrillo. The
diputacion authorized the organization of
ayuntamientos or town councils for the pueblos
of Los Angeles and San Jose, and the election
of regidores or councilmen to office by the votes
of the people.

LTnder the empire, California also was entitled
to send a diputado or delegate ^o the imperial
cortes, to be selected by the people. Upon the
overthrow of his "Most Serene Majesty,
Augustin I. by Divine Providence and by the
Congress of the Nation, First Constitutional
Emperor of Mexico," and the downfall of his
short-lived empire, the republic of IMexico was
established and went into effect November 19,
1823, by the adoption of a constitution similar
to that of the LTnited States. The federation was
composed of nineteen states and four territories.
Alta California was one of the territories. The
territories were each allowed a diputado in the
JMexican congress. The governors of the terri-
tories were appointed by the president of the
republic. The a}untaniiento of Los Angeles,
which had been foriiied in November, 1822, un-
der the empire, was continued under the rcpul)-
lic, with the addition of a secretary and a sindico
(treasurer). The quasi-military office of comis-
ionado, which had existed almost from the
founding of the pueblo, was abolished, but the
old soldiers, who composed a considerable por-
tion of the town's population, did not take kindly
to this innovation. The niilitai\v coiiiandante
of the district, with the approval oi Governor
Argiiello, who had succeeded Sola, appointed
Sergeant Guillermo Cota to control the unruly
element of the pueblo, his authority bciiig similar
to that formerly e.Kercised by the comisionados.
Then there was a clash between the civil and mil-
itary authorities. The alcalde and the ayunta-
niiento refused to recognize Cota's authority.
Tliey had progressed so rapidly in republican
ideas that they denied the right of any military
officer to exercise his power over the free citi-
zens of Angeles. The town had a bad reputa-
tion in the territory. There was an unruly ele-
ment in it. The people generally had a poor
opinion of their riilers, both civil and military,
and tlic imiKt reciprocated in kind. The town hail

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

a large crop of aspiring politicians, and it was
noted for its production of wine and brandy.
The result of mixing these two was disorder,
dissensions and brawls. Rotation in office seems
to have been the rule. No one could hold the
office of alcalde two years in succession, nor
could he vote for himself. In 1826, Jose Antonio
Carrillo was elected alcalde, but nine citizens
jirotestcd that his election was illegal because
as an elector he had voted for himself and that
he could not hold the office twice within two
years. A new election was ordered. At another
election A"icente Sanchez reported to Governor
Echeandia that the election was void because
the candidates were "vagabonds, drunkards and
worse."

The population of the pueblo in 1822, when it
passed from under the domination of Spain, was
770. It was exclusively an agricultural com-
munity. The only manufacturing was the con-
verting of grapes into wine and brandy. The
tax on wine and brandy retailed in 1829, was
$339; and the fines collected were $158. These,
the liquor tax and the fines, constituted the prin-
cipal sources of municipal revenue.

The cattle owned by the citizens of the pueblo
in 1821 amounted to 10,000 head. There was a
great increase in live stock during the decade be-
tween 1820 and 1830. The increased demand
for liidcs and tallow stimulated the raising of
cattle. In 1830, the cattle of the pueblo had in-
creased to 42,000 head, horses and mules num-
liered 3,000 head and sheep 2,400. A few for-
eigners had settled in Los Angeles. The first
luiglish-speaking person to locate here was Jose
Chapman, captured at INIonterey when the town
was attacked and burned by Bouchard, as pre-
viously mentioned. He arrived at Los Angeles
in 1 81 8. Chapman was the only foreign-born
resident of the pueblo under Spanish rule. Mex-
ico, although jealous of foreigners, was not so
proscriptive in her policy toward them as Spain.
.\s oijportunity for trade opened up foreigners
began to locate in the town. Between 1822 and
1830 came Santiago McKinley, John Temple,
George Rice. J. D. Leandry, Jesse Ferguson,
Richard Laughlin, Nathaniel Pryor, Abel
Stearns, Louis Bouchette and Juan Domingo.
These adopted the customs of the country, mar-
ried and became permanent residents of the
town. Of these !\IcKinley, Temple, Stearns and
Rice were engaged in trade and kept stores.
Their principal business was the purchase of
liides for exchange with the hide droghers. The
hide droghers were vessels fitted out in Boston
and freighted with assorted cargoes to exchange
for hides and tallow. The embarcadero of San
Pedro became the principal entrepot of this
trade. It was the port of Los Angeles and of

the three missions, San Gabriel, San Fernando
and San Juan Capistrano.

Alfred Robinson in his "Life in California"
thus describes the methods of doing business at
San Pedro in 1829: "After the arrival of olu"
trading vessel our friends came in the morning
flocking on board from all quarters ; and soon a
busy scene commenced, afloat and ashore. Boats
were passing to the beach, and men, women and
children partaking in the general excitement.
On shore all was confusion, cattle and carts
laden with hides and tallow, gente de razon and
Indians busily employed in the delivery of their
produce and receiving in return its value in
goods. Groups of individuals seated around
little bonfires upon the ground, and horsemen
racing over the plains in every direction." "Thus
the day passed, some arriving, some departing —
till long after sunset, the low white road, leading
across the plains to the town, appeared a living
panorama." Next to a revolution there was no
other event that so stirred up the social ele-
ments of the old pueblo as the arrival of a hide
drogher at San Pedro. "On the arrival of a new
vessel from the United States," says Robinson,
"every man, woman, boy and girl took a pro-
portionate share of interest as to the qualities
of her cargo. If the first inquired for rice, sugar
or tobacco, the latter asked for prints, silks and
satins; and if the boy wanted a Wilson's jack-
knife the girl hoped that there might be some
satin ribbons for her. Thus the whole popula-
tion hailed with eagerness an arrival. Even the
Indian in his unsophisticated style asked for
Panas Colorodos and Abalaris — red handker-
chiefs and beads."

Robinson describes the pueblo as he saw it in
1829: "The town of Los Angeles consisted at
this time of about twenty or thirty houses scat-
tered about withdut any regularity or any
particular attraction, excepting the numbers of
vineyards located along the lowlands on the
borders of the Los Angeles River. There were
but two foreigners in the town at that time, na-
tives of New England, namely : George Rice
and John Temple, who were engaged in mer-
chandising in a small way, under the firm name
of Rice & Temple." The following description,
taken from Robinson's "Life in California."
while written of Monterey, applies equally well
to Los Angeles and vicinity : "Scarce two
houses in tlie town had fireplaces; then (1829)
the method of heating ihe houses was by plac-
ing coals in a roof tile, which was placed in the
center of the room." "This method we found
common throughout the country. There were no
windows; and in place of the ordinary wooden
door a dried bullock hide was substituted, which
was the case as a general thing in nearly all the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ranches on the coast, as there was no fear of in-
trusion excepting from bears that now and then
prowled about and were easily frightened away
when they ventured too near. The bullock hide
was used almost universally in lieu of the old-
fashioned bed ticking, being nailed to the bed-
stead frame, and served every purpose for which
it was intended and was very comfortable to
sleep upon." At the close of the third decade of
the century we find but little change in the man-
ners and customs of the colonists from those of
the pobladores who nearly fifty years before
built their primitive habitations around the plaza
vieja. In the half century the town had slowly
increased in population, but there had been no
material improvement in the manner of living
and but little advancement in intelligence. The
population of the pueblo was largely made up of
descendants of the founders who had grown to
manhood and womanhood in the place of their
birth. Isolated from contact with the world's

activities they were content to follow the anti-
quated customs and to adopt the non-progres-
sive ideas of their fathers. They had passed from
under the domination of a monarchy and be-
come the citizens of a republic, but the transi-
tion was due to no effort of theirs nor was it of
their own choosing. With the assistance of the
missions they had erected a new church, but
neither by the help of the missions nor by their
own exertions had they iDiiilt a schoolhouse. In
the first half century of the pueblo's existence,
if tlie records are correct, there were but three
terms of school. Generations grew to manhood
during the vacations. "A little learning is a
dangerous thing." The learning obtained at
the pueblo school in the brief term that it was
open never reached the danger pomt. The lim-
ited foreign immigration that had come to the
country after it had passed from the rule of
Spain had as yet made no change in its cus-
toms.

CHAPTER X.

MISSION SECULARIZATION AND THE PASSING OF THE NEOPHYTE.

IT IS not my purpose in this volume to de-
vote much space to the subject of the Sec-
ularization of the Missions. Any extended
discussion of that theme would be out of place
in a local history.

Much has been written in recent years on the
subject of the Franciscan Missions of Alta Cali-
fornia, but the writers have added nothing to
our knowledge of these establishments beyond
what can be obtained from the works of Ban-
croft, Hittell, Forbes and Robinson. Some of
the later writers, carried awa-y by sentiment, are
very misleading in their statements. Such ex-
pressions as "the Robber Hand of Seculariza-
tion" and "the brutal and thievish dis-establish-
ment of the missions" emanate from writers who
look at the question from its sentimental side
only, and who know little or nothing of the
causes which brought about the secularization of
the mission.

It is an historical fact known to all acquainted
with California history that these establishments
were not intended by the Crown of Spain to be-
come permanent institutions. The purpose for
which the Spanish government fostered and pro-
tected them was to christianize the Indians and
make of them self-supporting citizens. Very
early in its history Governor Borica, Fages and
other intelligent Spanish ofificers in California
discovered the weakness of the mission system.
Governor Borica, writing in T/O^i, sairl : ".Ac-

cording to the laws the natives are to be free
from tutelage at the end of ten years, the Mis-
sions then becoiiiing doctrinairs, but those of
New California at the rate they are advancing
will not reach the goal in ten centuries; the rea-
son, God knows, and men, too, know something
about it." Spain, early in the present century,
had formulated a plan for their secularization,
but the war of Mexican Independence prevented
the enforcement of it.

With the downfall of Spanish domination in
Mexico came the beginning of the end of mis-
sionary rule in California. The majority of the
mission padres were Spanish born. In the war
of Mexican independence their sympathies were
with their mother country, Spain. .After Mexico
attained her independence, some of them refused
to acknowledge allegiance to the Republic. The
Mexican authorities feared and distrusted them.
In this, in part, they found a pretext for the dis-
establishment of the missions and the confisca-
tion of the mission estates. There was another
cause or reason for secularization more potent
than the loyalty of the padres to Spain. Few
forms of land monopoly have ever exceeded tlint
in vogue under the mission system of California.
From San Diego to San Francisco bay the
twenty missions established under Spanish rule
monopolized the greater part of the fertile land
between the Coast Range and the sea. There
was lull liltlo left for oilier settlers. A seltler

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

could not obtain a grant of land if the padres of
the nearest mission objected.

The twenty-four ranchos owned by the Mis-
sion San Gabriel contained about a million and
a half acres and extended from the sea to the
San Bernardino mountains. The greatest neo-
phyte population of San Gabriel was in 1817,
when it reached 1701. Its yearly average for the
first three decades of the present century did not
exceed 1,500. It took a thousand acres of fertile
land under the mission system to support an
Indian, even the smallest papoose of the mission
flock. It is not strange that the people clamored
for a subdivision of the mission estates; and sec-
ularization became a public necessity. The most
enthusiastic admirer of the missions to-day, had
he lived in California seventy years ago, would
no doubt have been among the loudest in his
wail against the mission system. The Regla-
mento governing the secularization of the mis-
sions published by Governor Echeandia in 1830,
but not enforced, and that formulated by the
diputacion under Governor Figueroa in 1834,
approved by the Mexican congress and finally
enforced in 1834-35-36, were humane measures.
The regulations provided for the colonizations
of the neophytes into pueblos or villages. A
portion of the personal property and a part of
the lands held by the missions \vere to be dis-
tributed among the Indians as follows : "Article
5 — To each head of a family and all who are
more than twenty years old, although without
families, will be given from the lands of the mis-
sion, whether temporal (lands dependent on the
seasons) or watered, a lot of ground not to con-
tain more than four hundred varas (yards) in
length, and as many in breadth, nor less than
one hundred. Sufficient land for watering the
cattle will be given in common. The outlets or
roads .shall be marked out by each village, and
at the proper time the corporation lands shall
I)e designated." This colonization of the neo-
phytes into pueblos would have thrown large
bodies of the land held by the missions open to
settlement by white settlers. The personal
property of missionary establishments was to
have been divided among their neophyte re-
tainers thus : "Rule 6. Among the said indi-
viduals will be distributed, ratably and justly,
according to the discretion of the political chief,
the half of the movable property, taking as a
basis the last inventory which the missionaries
have presented of all descriptions of cattle.
Rule 7. One-half or less of the implements and
seeds indispensable for agriculture shall be al-
lotted to them."

The political government of the Indian
pueblos was to be organized in accordance with
existing laws of the territory governing other

towns. The neophyte could not sell, mortgage
or dispose of the land granted him ; nor could
he sell his cattle. The regulations provided that
"Religious missionaries shall be relieved from
the administration of temporalities and shall
only exercise the duties of their ministry so far
as they relate to spiritual matters." The nun-
neries or the houses where the Indian girls were
kept under charge of a duena until they were
of marriageable age were to be abolished and
the children restored to their parents. Rule
seven provided that "What is called the 'priest-
hood' shall immediately cease, female children
whom they have in charge being handed over to
their fathers explaining to them the care they
should take of them, and pointing out their
obligations as parents. The same shall be done
with the male children."

Commissioners were to be appointed to take
charge of the mission property and superintend
its subdivision among the neophytes. The con-
version of ten of the missionary establishments
into pueblos was to begin in August, 1835. That
of the others was to follow as soon as possible.
San Gabriel, San Fernando and San Juan Capis-
trano were among the ten that were to be sec-
ularized first. For years secularization had
threatened the missions, but hitherto something-
had occurred at the critical time to avert it. The
missionaries had used their influence against it,
had urged that the neophytes were unfitted for
self-support, had argued that the emancipation
of the natives from mission rule would result in
disaster to them. Through all the agitation of
the question in previous years the padres had
labored on in the preservation and upbuilding
of their establishments; but the issuing of
the secularization decree by the Mexican Con-
gress, August 17, 1833, the organization of the
Hijar Colony in Mexico and the instructions of
acting President Frarias to Hijar to occupy all
the property of the missions and subdivide it
among the colonists on their arrival in Cali-
fornia, convinced the missionaries that the blow
could no longer be averted. The revocation of
Hijar's appointment as governor and the con-
troversy which followed between him and Gov-
ernor Figueroa and the diputacion for a time
delayed the enforcement of the decree.

In the meantime, with the energy born of
despair, eager at any cost to outwit those who
sought to profit by their ruin, the mission
fathers hastened to destroy that which through
more than half a century thousands of human
beings had spent their lives to accumulate.

"Hitherto, cattle had been killed only as their
meat was needed for use, or, at intervals per-
haps, for the hides and tallow alone, when an
overplus of stock rendered such action neces-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

sary. Now they were slaughtered in herds by
contract on equal shares, with any who would
undertake the task. It is claimed by some
writers that not less than 100,000 head of cattle
were thus slain from the herds of San Gabriel
Mission alone. The same work of destruction
was in progress at every other mission through-
out the territory and this vast country, from end
to end, was become a mighty shambles,
drenched in blood and reeking with the odor of
decaying carcasses. There was no market for
the meat and this was considered worthless.
The creature was lassoed, thrown, its throat cut,
and while yet writhing in death agony its hide
was stripped and pegged upon the ground to
dry. There were no vessels to contain the tallow
and this was run into great pits dug for that
purpose, to be spaded out anon, and shipped
with the hides to market — all was haste."

"Whites and natives alike revelled in gore,
and vied with each other in destruction. So
many cattle were there to kill, it seemed as
though this profitable and pleasant work must
last forever. The white settlers were especially
pleased with the turn affairs had taken, and
many of them did not scruple unceremoniously
to appropriate herds of young cattle wherewith
to stock their ranches."* So great was the
stench from the rotting carcasses of the cattle on
the plains that a pestilence was threatened. The
ayuntamiento of Los Angeles, November 15,
1833, passed an ordinance compelling all persons
slaughtering cattle for the hides and tallow to
cremate the carcasses.

Hugo Reid in the "Letters" (previously re-
ferred to in this volume) says of this period at
San Gabriel: "These facts (the decree of sec-
ularization and the distribution of the mission
property) being known to Padre Tomas
(Estenaga), he, in all probability by order of his
superior, commenced a work of destruction.
The back buildings were unroofed and the tim-
ber converted into fire wood. Cattle were killed
on the halves by people who took a lion's share.
Utensils were disposed of, and goods and other
articles distributed in profusion among the
neophytes. The vineyards were ordered to be
, cut down, which, however, the Indians refused
to do." After the mission was placed in charge
of an administrator, Padre Tomas remained as
minister of the church at a stipend of $1,500 per
annum, derived from the Pious Fund.

Hugo Reid says of him, "As a wrong impres-
sion of his character may be produced from the
preceding remarks, in justice to his memory be
it stated that he was a truly good man, a sin-

*History of Los Angeles County, by J. Albert
Wilson.

cere Christian and a despiser of hypocrisy. He
had a kind, unsophisticated heart, so that he be-
lived every word told him. There has never
been a purer priest in California. Reduced in
circumstances, annoyed on many occasions by
the petulancy of administrators, he fulfilled his
duties according to his conscience, with benev-
olence and good humor. The nuns, who when
the secular movement came into operation, had
been set free, were again gathered together un-
der his supervision and maintained at his ex-
pense, as were also a number of old men and
women."

The experiment of colonizing the Indians in
pueblos was a failure and they were gathered
back into the mission, or as many of them as
could be got back, and placed in charge of ad-
ministrators. "The Indians," says Reid, "were
made happy at this time in being permitted to
enjoy once more the luxury of a tule dwelling,
from which the greater part had been debarred
for so long; they could now breathe freely
again." (The close adobe buildings in which
they had been housed in mission days were no
doubt one of the causes of the great mortality
among them.)

"Administrator followed administrator until
the mission could support no more, when the
system was broken up." * * * "The In-
dians during this period were continually run-
ning of?. Scantily clothed and still more scantily
supplied with food, it was not to be wondered
at. Nearly all the Gabrielinos went north, while
those of San Diego, San Luis and San Juan
overrun this country, filling the Angeles and
surrounding ranchos with more servants than
were required. Labor, in consequence, was very
cheap. The different missions, however, had
alcaldes continually on the move hunting them
up and carrying them back, but to no purpose ;
it was labor in vain."

"Even under the dominion of the church in
mission days," Reid says, "the neophytes were
addicted both to drinking and gaming, with an
inclination to steal ;" but after their emancipa-
tion they went from bad to worse. Those at-
tached to the ranchos and those located in the
town were virtually slaves. They had bosses or
owners and when they ran away were captured
and returned to their master. The sindico's ac-
count book for 1840 contains this item "For
delivery of two Indians to their boss, $12.00."

At Los Angeles the Indian village on the river
between what is now Aliso and First streets was
a sink hole of crime. It was known as the "pueb-
lilo'' or little town. Time and again the neigh-
boring citizens petitioned for its removal. In
1846 it was demolished and the Indians removed
to the "Spring of the Abilas" across the river.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

but their removal did not improve their morals.

In 1847, when the American soldiers vi^ere sta-
tioned at Los Angeles, the new pueblito became so
vile that Col. Stevenson ordered the city author-
ities either to keep the dissolute characters out
of it or destroy it. The authorities decided to
allot land to the families on the outskirts of the
city, keeping them dispersed as much as possi-
ble. Those employing Indian servants were
required to keep them on their premises ; but
even these precautions did not prevent the In-
dians from drunkenness and debauchery.
Vicente Guerrero, the sindico, discussing the
Indian question before the ayuntamiento said :
"The Indians are so utterly depraved that no
matter wTiere they may settle down their con-
duct would be the same, since they look upon
death even with indifference, provided they can
indulge in their pleasures and vices."

After the downfall of the missions some of
the more daring of the neophytes escaped to the
mountains. Joining the wild tribes there, they
became leaders in frequent predatory excursions
on the horses and cattle of the settlers in the
valleys. They were hunted and shot down like
wild beasts.

After the discovery of gold and American
immigration began to pour into California the
neophyte sunk to lower depths. The vineyards
of Los Angeles became immensely profitable,
grapes retailing at twenty-five cents a pound in
San Francisco. The Indians constituted the
labor element of Los Angeles, and many of
them were skillful vineyardists. Unprincipled
employers paid them ofif in aguardiente, a iiery
liquid distilled from grapes. Even when paid in
money there were unscrupulous wretches ready
to sell tliem strong drink ; the consequences
were that on Saturday night after they received
their pay they assembled at their ranclierias and
all, young and old, men and women, spent the
night in drunkenness, gambling and debauchery.
( )n Sunday afternoon the marshal with his In-
dian alcaldes, who had been kept sober by being
locked up in jail, proceeded to gather the drunk-
en wretches into a big corral in the rear of the
Downey block. On Monday morning they were
put up at auction and sold for a week to the

vineyardists at prices ranging from one to three
dollars, one third of which was paid to the slave
at the end of the week, usually in aguardiente.
Then another Saturday night of debauchery,
followed by the Monday auction and in two or
three years at most the Indian was dead. In
less than a quarter of a century after the Ameri-
can occupation, dissipation and epidemics of
smallpox had settled the Indian question in Los
Angeles — settled it by the extinction of the
Indian.

What became of the vast mission estates? As
the cattle were killed oft' the dift'erent ranchos of
the mission domains, settlers petitioned the ay-
untamiento for grants. If upon investigation it
was found that the land asked for was vacant the
petition was referred to the Governor for his ap-
proval. In this way the vast mission domains
passed into private hands. The country im-
proved more in wealth and population between
1836 and 1846 than in the previous fifty years.
Secularization was destruction to the missions
and death to the Indian, but it was beneficial to
the country at large. The passing of the neo-
phyte had begun long before the decrees of
secularization were enforced. Nearly all the
missions passed their zenith in population during
the second decade of the century. Even had
the missionary establishments not been secular-
ized they would eventually have been depopu-
lated. At no time during mission rule were the
number of births equal to the number of deaths.
When recruits could no longer be obtained
from the Gentiles or wild Indians the decline
became more rapid. The mission annals show
that from 1769 to 1834, when secularization was
enforced — an interval of 65 years — 79,000 con-
verts were baptized and 62,000 deaths recorded.
The death rate among the neopiiytes was about
twice that of the negro in this country and four
times that of the white race. The extinction
of the neophyte or mission Indian was due to
the enforcement of that inexorable law or decree
of nature, the Survival of the Fittest. Where a
stronger race comes in contact with a weaker
there can be but one ending to the contest —
the extermination of the weaker.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER XI.

A DECADE OF REVOLUTIONS.

THE decade between 1830 and 1840 was the
era of California revolutions. Los An-
geles was the storm center of the political
disturbances that agitated the territory. Most
of them originated there, and those that had
their origin in some other quarter veered to the
town before their fury was spent. The town
produced prolific crops of statesmen in the '30s,
and it must be said that it still maintains its repu-
tation in that line. The Angelehos of that day
seemed to consider that the safety of the terri-
tory and the liberty of its inhabitants rested on
them. The patriots of the south were hostile to
the office-holders of the north and yearned to
tear the state in two, as they do to-day, in order
that there might be more offices to fill.

From the downfall of Spanish domination in
California in 1822 to the close of that decade
there had been but few disturbances. The only
political outbreak of any consequence had been
Solis' and Herrera's attempt to revolutionize the
territory in the interest of Spain. Argiiello, who
had succeeded Sola as governor, and Echeandia,
who filled the office from 1825 to the close of the
decade, were men of liberal ideas. They had to
contend against the Spanish-born missionaries,
who were bitterly opposed to republican ideas.
Serria, the president of the missions, and a num-
ber of the priests under him, refused to swear
allegiance to the Republic. Serria was suspended
from office and one or two of the friars deported
from the country. Their disloyalty brought
about the beginning of the movement for secu-
larization of the missions, as narrated in the
previous chapter. Echeandia, in 1829, had elab-
orated a plan for their secularization, but was
superseded by Victoria before he could put it in
operation.

Manuel Victoria was appointed governor in
March, 1830, but did not reach California until
the last month of the year. Victoria very soon
became unpopular. He undertook to overturn
the civil authority and substitute military rule.
He reconunended the abolition of the ayunta-
mientos and refused to call together the terri-
torial diputacion. He exiled Don Abel Stearns
and Jose Antonio Carrillo ; and at different
times, on trumped-up charges, had half a hundred
of the leading citizens of Los Angeles incarcer-
ated in the pueblo jail, .\lcaldc Mccnte San-

chez was the petty despot of the pueblo who car-
ried out the tyrannical decrees of his master,
Victoria. Among others who were imprisoned
in the cuartel was Jose Maria Avila. Avila was
proud, haughty and overbearing. He had in-
curred the hatred of both Victoria and Sanchez.
Sanchez, under orders from Victoria, placed
Avila in prison, and to humiliate him put him
in irons. Avila brooded over the indignities in-
flicted upon him and vowed to be revenged.

A'ictoria's persecutions became so unbearable
that Pio Pico, Juan Bandini and Jose Antonio
Carrillo raised the standard of revolt at San
Diego and issued a pronunciamiento, in which
they set forth the reasons why they felt them-
selves obliged to rise against the tyrant, Victoria.
Pablo de Portilla, comandante of the presidio
of San Diego, and his officers, with a force of
fifty soldiers, joined the revolutionists and
niarclied to Los Angeles. Sanchez' prisoners
were released and he was chained up in the
pueblo jail. Here Portilla's force was recruited
to two hundred men. Avila and a number of
the other released prisoners joined the revolu-
tionists, and all marched forth to meet Victoria,
who was moving southward with an armed force
to suppress the insurrection. The two forces
met on the plains of Cahuenga. west of the
pueblo, at a place laiown as the Lomitas de la
Canada de Brcita. The sight of his persecutor
so infuriated Avila that alone he rushed upon
him to run him through with his lance. Captain
Pacheco, of \'ictoria's staff, parried the lance
thrust. Avila shot him dead with one of his pis-
tols and again attacked the governor and suc-
ceeded in wounding him, when he himself re-
ceived a pistol ball that unhorsed him. After
a desperate struggle (in which he seized Victoria
by the foot and dragged him from his horse) he
was shot by one of \'ictoria's soldiers. Portilla's
army fell back in a panic to Los Angeles and
\'ictoria's men carried the wounded governor
to the Mission San Gabriel, where his wounds
were dressed by Joseph Chapman, who to his
many other accomplishments added that of ama-
teur surgeon. Some citizens who had taken no
part in the fight brought the bodies of Avila and
Pacheco to the town. "They were taken to the
same house, the same hands rendered them the
last sad rites, and they were laid side by side.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Side by side knelt their widows and mingled
their tears, while sympathizing countrymen
chanted the solemn prayers of the church for
the repose of the souls of these untimely dead.
Side by side beneath the orange and the olive in
the little churchyard upon the plaza sleep the
slayer and the .slain."*

Next day, Victoria, supposing himself mor-
tally wounded, abdicated and turned over the
governorship of the territory to Echeandia. He
resigned the office December 9, 1831, having
been governor a little over ten months. When
Victoria was able to travel he was sent to San
Diego, from where he was deported to Mexico,
San Diego borrowing $125 from the ayunta-
miento of Los Angeles to pay the expense of
shipping him out of the country. Several years
afterwards the money had not been repaid, and
the town council began proceedings to recoyer
it, but there is no record in the archives to show
that it was ever paid. And thus it was that Cali-
fornia got rid of a bad governor and Los An-
geles incurred a bad debt.

January 10, 1832, the territorial legislature
met at Los Angeles to choose a "gefe politico,"
or governor, for the territory. Echeandia was
invited to preside, but replied from San Juan
Capistrano that he was busy getting Victoria out
of the country. The diputacion, after waiting"
some time and receiving no satisfaction from
Echeandia whether he wanted the office or not,
declared Pio Pico, by virtue of his office of senior
vocal, "gefe politico."

No sooner had Pico been sworn into office
than Echeandia discovered that he wanted the
office and wanted it badly. He came to Los
Angeles from San Diego. He protested against
the action of the diputacion and intrigued against
Pico. Another revolution was threatened. Los
Angeles favored Echeandia, although all the
other towns in the territory had accepted Pico.
(Pico at that time was a resident of San Diego.)
A mass-meeting was called on February 12,
1832, at Los Angeles to discuss the question
whether it should be Pico or Echeandia. I give
the report of the meeting in the quaint language
of the pueblo archives :

"The town, acting in accord with the Most
Illustrious Ayuntamiento, answered in a loud
voice, saying they would not admit Citizen Pio
Pico as 'gefe politico,' but desired that Lieut.
Col. Citizen Jose Maria Echeandia be retained in
office until the supreme government appoint.
Then the president of the meeting, seeing the
determination of the people, asked the motive
or reason of refusing Citizen Pio Pico, who was
of unblemished character. To this the people

♦Stephen C. Foster.

responded that while it was true that Citizen Pio
Pico was to some extent qualified, yet they pre-
ferred Lieut.-Col. Citizen Jose Ma. Echeandia.
The president of the meeting then asked the peo-
ple whether they had been bribed, or was it
merely insubordination that they opposed the
resolution of- the Most Eccellent Diputacion?
Whereupon the people answered that they had
not been bribed nor were they insubordinate, but
that they opposed the proposed 'gefe politico'
because he had not been named by the supreme
government."

At a public meeting, February 19, the matter
was again brought up. Again the people cried
out, "they would not recognize or obey any
other gefe politico than Echeandia." The Most
Illustrious Ayuntamiento opposed Pio Pico for
two reasons : "First, because his name appeared
first on the plan to oust Gefe Politico Citizen
Manuel Victoria," and "Second, because he,
Pico, had not sufficient capacity to fulfil the
duties of the office." Then Jose Perez and Jose
Antonio Carrillo withdrew from the meeting,
saying they would not recognize Echeandia as
"gefe politico." Pico, after holding tlie office
for twenty days, resigned for the sake of peace.
And this was the length of Pico's first term as
governor.

Echeandia, by obstinacy and intrigue, had ob-
tained the coveted office of "gefe politico," but
he did not long enjoy it in peace. News came
from Monterey that Captain Augustin V. Za-
morano had declared himself governor and was
gathering a force to invade the south and en-
force his authority. Echeandia began at once
marshaling his forces to oppose him. Ybarra.
Zamorano's military chief, with a force of one
hundred men, by a forced march reached Paso
de Bartolo, on the San Gabriel River, where fif-
teen years later Stockton fought the ^fcxican
troops under Flores. Here Ybarra found Cap-
tain Borroso posted with a piece of artillery and
fourteen men. He did not dare to attack him.
Echeandia and Borroso gathered a force of a
thousand neophytes at Paso de Bartolo, where
they drilled them in military evolutions. Ybar-
ra's troops had fallen back to Santa Barbara,
where he was joined by Zamorano with rein-
forcements. Ybarra's force was largely made up
of ex-convicts and other undesirable characters,
who took what they needed, asking no questions
of the owners. The Angclenos, fearing those
marauders, gave their adhesion to Zamorano's
l)lan and recognized him as military chief of the
territory. Captain Borroso, Echeandia's faithful
adherent, disgusted with the fickleness of the
Angeleiios, at the head of a thousand mounted
Indians, threatened to invade the recalcitrant
pueblo, but at the intercession of the frightened

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

inhabitants this modern Coriolanus turned aside
and regaled his neophyte retainers un the fat
bullocks of the Mission San Gabriel, much to
the disgust of the mission padres. The neophyte
warriors were disbanded and sent to their re-
spective missions.

A peace was patched up between Zamorano
and Echeandia. Alta California was divided
into two territories. Eclieandia was given juris-
diction over all south of San Gabriel and Zamo-
rano all north of San Fernando. This division
apparently left a neutral district, or "no man's
land," between. \\'hether Los Angeles was in
this neutral territory the records do not show.
If it was, it is probable that neither of the gov-
ernors wanted the job of governing the recal-
citrant pueblo.

In January, 1833, Governor Figueroa arrived
in California. Echeandia and Zamorano each
surrendered his half of the divided territory to
the newly appointed governor, and California
was united and at peace. Figueroa proved to be
the right man for the times. He conciliated the
factions and brought order out of chaos. The
two most important events in Figueroa's term of
office were the arrival of the Hijar Colony in
California and the secularization of the missions.
These events were most potent factors in the
evolution of the territory.

In 1833, the first California colonization
scheme was inaugurated in Mexico. At the
head of this was Jose Maria Hijar, a Mexican
gentleman of wealth and influence. He was as-
sisted in its promulgation by Jose M. Padres,
an adventurer, who had been banished from
California by Governor \^ictoria. Padres, like
some of our modern real estate boomers, pic-
tured the country as an earthly paradise — an im-
proved and enlarged Garden of Eden. Among
other inducements held out to the colonists, it
is said, was the promise of a division among
them of the mission property and a distribution
of the neophytes for servants.

Headquarters were established at the city of
Mexico and two hundred and fifty colonists en-
listed. Each family received a bonus of $10,
and all were to receive free transportation to
California and rations while on the journey.
Each head of a family was promised a farm from
the public domain, live stock and farming imple-
ments ; these advances to be paid for on the in-
stallment plan. The original plan was to found
a colony somewhere north of San Francisco bay,
but this was not carried out. Two vessels were
dispatched with the colonists — the Morelos and
the Natalia. The latter was compelled to put
into San Diego on account of sickness on board.
She reached that port, September i, 1834. A
part of the colonists on board her were sent to

San Pedro and from there they were taken to
Los Angeles and San Gabriel. The Morelos
reached Monterey, September 25. Hijar had
been appointed governor of California by Presi-
dent Farias, but after the sailing of the expedi-
tion Santa Anna, who had succeeded Farias,
dispatched a courier overland with a counter-
manding order. By one of the famous rides of
history, Amador, the courier, made the journey
from the city of Mexico to Monterey in forty
days and delivered his message to Governor Fi-
gueroa. When Hijar arrived he found to his
dismay that he was only a private citizen of the
territory instead of its governor. The coloniza-
tion scheme was abandoned and the immigrants
distributed themselves throughout the territory.
Generally they were a good class of citizens, and
many of them became prominent in California
affairs. Of those who located in Southern Cali-
fornia may be named Ignacio Coronel and his
son, Antonio F. Coronel, Augustin Olvera, the
first county judge of Los Angeles ; Victor Pru-
don, Jose M. Covarrubias, Charles Baric, Jesus
Noe and Juan N. Ayala.

That storm center of political disturbances,
Los Angeles, produced but one small revolution
during Figueroa's term as governor. A party of
fifty or sixty Sonorans, some of whom were
Hijar colonists who were living either in the
town or its immediate neighborhood, assembled
at Los Nietos on the night of March 7, 1835.
They formulated a pronunciamiento against Don
Jose Figueroa, in which they first vigorously
arraigned him for sins of omission and commis-
sion and then laid down their plan for the gov-
ernment of the territory. Armed with this for-
midable document and a few muskets and lances,
these patriots, headed by Juan Gallado, a cob-
bler, and Felipe Castillo, a cigar-maker, in the
gray light of the morning rode into the pueblo,
took possession of the town hall and the big
icannon and the ammunition that had been
stored there w'hen the Indians of San Luis Rey
had threatened hostilities. The slumbering in-
habitants were aroused from their dreams of
peace by the drum beat of war. The terrified
citizens rallied to the juzgado, the ayuntamiento
met, the cobbler statesmen, Gallado, presented
his plan ; it was discussed and rejected. The
revolutionists, after holding possession of the
pueblo throughout the day, tired, hungry and
disappointed in not receiving their pay for sav-
ing the country, surrendered to the legal author-
ities the real leaders of the revolution and dis-
banded. The leaders proved to be Torres, a
clerk, and Apalatcgui, a doctor, both supposed
to be emissaries of Hijar. They were impris-
oned at San Gabriel. When news of the revolt
reached Figueroa he had Hijar and Padres ar-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

rested for coniplicity in the outbreak. Hijar,
with lialf a dozen of his adherents, was shipped
back to Mexico. And thus the man who the year
before had landed in California with a commis-
sion as governor and authority to take posses-
sion of all the property belonging to the mis-
sions, returned to his native land an exile. His
grand colonization scheme and his "Compania
Cosmopolitana" that was to revolutionize Cali-
fornia commerce were both disastrous failures.

Governor Jose Figueroa died at Monterey
September 29, 1835. He is generally regarded
as the best of the Mexican governors sent to
California. He was of Aztec extraction and was
proud of his Indian blood. Governor Figueroa
during his last sickness turned over the political
command of the territory to Jose Castro, senior
vocal, who then became "gefe politico." Los
Angeles refused to recognize his authority. By
a decree of the Mexican congress (of which the
following is a copy) it had just been declared a
city and the capital of Alta California :

"His excellency, the president ad interim of
the United States of Mexico, Miguel Barragan.
The president ad interim of the United States
of Mexico, to the inhabitants of the republic.
Let it be known : That the general congress has
decreed the following: That the town of Los
Angeles, Upper California, is erected to a city
and shall be for the future the capital of that
territory.

Basilo Arrillag.\,

President House of Deputies.

Antonio Pacheco Leal,

President of the Senate.
Demetrio Del Castillo,

Secretary House of Deputies.
Manuel Mirand.\,

Secretary of the Senate.

I therefore order it to be printed and circu-
lated and duly complied with.

Palace of the federal government in Mexico,
May 2T^, 1835. Miguel Barkaga.v."

The ayuntamiento claimed that as Los
Angeles was the capital the governor should re-
move his office and archives to that city. Mon-
terey opposed the removal, and considerable bit-
terness was engendered. This was the beginning
of the "capital war," which disturbed the peace
of the territory for ten years, and increased in
bitterness as it increased in age.

Castro held the office of gefe politico four
months and then passed it on to Colonel Gutier-
rez, military chief of the territory, who held it
about the same length of time. The supreme
government, December 16, 1835, appointed
Mariano Chico governor. Thus the territory
had four governors within nine months. They
changed so rapidly that there was not time to
foment a revolution.

Chico reached California in April, 1836, and
began his administration by a series of petty
tyrannies. Just before his arrival in California
a vigilance committee at Los Angeles shot to
death Gervacio Alispaz and his paramour, Maria
del Rosario Villa, for the murder of the woman's
husband, Domingo Feliz. Chico had the leaders
arrested and came down to Los Angeles with
the avowed purpose of executing Prudon, Ar-
zaga and Aranjo, the president, secretary and
military commander, respectively, of the Defend-
ers of Public Security, as the vigilantes called
themselves. He summoned Don Abel Stearns
to Monterey and threatened to have him shot
for some unknown or imaginary offense. He
fulminated a fierce pronunciamiento against for-
eigners, and, in an address before the diputacion,
proved to his own satisfaction that the country
was going to the "demnition bow-wows." Ex-
asperated beyond endurance, the people of Mon-
terey rose en masse against him, and so terrified
him that he took passage on board a brig that
was lying in the harbor and sailed for Mexico.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER XII.

EL ESTADO LIBRE Y SOBERANO DE ALTA CALIFORNIA.
(The Free and Sovereign State of Alta California.)

THE effort to free California from the domi-
nation of Mexico and make her an inde-
pendent government is an ahnost un-
known chapter of her history. Los Angeles
and San Diego played a very important part in
California's war for Independence, but unfor-
tunately their efforts were wrongly directed and
they received neither honor nor profit out of the
part they played. The story of the part they
played in the revolution is told in the Los An-
geles Archives. From these I derive much of
the matter given in this chapter.

The origin of the movement to make Cali-
fornia independent and the causes that led to an
outbreak against the governing power were
very similar to those which led to our separation
from our own mother country of England,
namely, bad governors. Between 1830 and 1836
the territory had had six Mexican-born govern-
ors. The best of these, Figueroa, died in office.
Of the others the Californians deposed and de-
ported two ; and a third was made so uncomfort-
able that he exiled himself. Many of the acts of
these governors were as despotic as those of the
royal governors of the colonies before our Revo-
lution. California was a fertile field for Mexican
adventurers of broken fortunes. Mexican offi-
cers commanded the provincial troops ; Mexi-
can officials looked after the revenues and em-
l)ezzled them, and Mexican governors ruled the
territory. There was no outlet for the ambitious
native-born sons of California. There was no
chance for the hijos del pais (Sons of the Coun-
try) to obtain office, and one of the most treas-
ured prerogatives of the free-born citizen of any
republic is the privilege of holding office.

We closed the previous chapter of the revolu-
tionary decade with the departure of Governor
Marino Chico, who was deposed and virtually
exiled by the people of Monterey. On his de-
parture Colonel Gutierrez for the second time
i)ccame governor. He very soon made himself
unpopular by attempting to enforce the Central-
ist decrees of the Mexican Congress and by
other arbitrary measures. He quarreled with
Juan Bautista .Mvarado, the ablest of the native
Californians. .Mvarado and Jose Castro raised

the standard of revolt. They gathered together
a small army of rancheros and an auxiliary force
of twenty-five American hunters and trappers
under Graham, a backwoodsman from Tennes-
see. By a strategic movement they captured the
Castillo or fort which commanded the presidio
where Gutierrez and the Alexican army officials
were stationed. The patriots demanded the sur-
render of the presidio and the arms. The gov-
ernor refused. The revolutionists had been able
to find but a single cannon ball in the castillo,
but this was sufficient to do the business. A
well-directed shot tore through the roof of the
governor's house, covering him and his staff
with the debris of broken tiles; this, and the de-
sertion of most of his soldiers to the patriots,
brought him to terms. On the 5th of November,
1836, he surrendered the presidio and his au-
thority as governor. He and about seventy of
his adherents were sent aboard a vessel lying in
the harbor and shipped out of the country.

With the Mexican governor and his officers
out of the country the next move of Castro and
Alvarado was to call a meeting of the diputacion
or territorial congress. A plan for the inde-
pendence of California was adopted. This,
which was known afterwards as the Monterey
plan, consisted of six sections, the most impor-
tant of which are as follows : "First, Alta Cali-
fornia hereby declares itself independent from
Mexico until the Federal System of 1824 is re-
stored. Second, The same California is hereby
declared a Free and Sovereign State ; establish-
ing a congress to enact the special laws of the
country and the other necessary supreme pow-
ers. Third, The Roman Apostolic Catholic
Religion shall prevail, no other creed shall be
allowed, but the government shall not molest
anyone on account of his private opinions." The
diputacion issued a Declaration of Independence
that arraigned the Alother Country, Mexico,
and her officials very much in the style that our
own Declaration gives it to King George HI.
and England.

Castro issued a pronunciamiento ending with
\'iva La Federacion ! \'iva La Libertad ! \'iva el
F.slado Libre y Sobcrano de .Mta California!

HISTORICAL AND lUOGRAPIIlCAL RFX-QRD.

Tims amid vi\as and proclamations, with the
heating of drums and the booming of cannon,
I'd Estado Libre de Alta California (The Free
State of Alta California) was launched on the
political sea. But it was rough sailing for the
little craft. Her ship of state struck a rock and
fur a time shipwreck was threatened.

For years there had been a growing jealousy
lietwecn Northern and Southern California. Los
Angeles, as has been stated in the previous chap-
ter, had by a decree of the Alexican Congress
been made the capital of the territory. Monterey
had persistently refused to give up the governor
and the archives. In the movement to make
Alia California a free and independent state, the
.\ngelenos recognized an attempt on the part of
the people of the North to deprive them of the
capital. Although as bitterly opposed to Mexi-
can governors, and as active in fomenting revo-
lutions against them as the people of Monterey
the Angeleiios chose to profess loyalty to the
Mother Country. They opposed the plan of
government adopted by the Congress at Monte-
rey and promulgated a plan of their own, in
wliich they declared California was not free ; that
the "Roman Catholic Apostolic Religion shall
])revail in this jurisdiction, and any person pub-
licly professing any other shall be prosecuted by
law as heretofore." A mass meeting was called
to take measures "to prevent the spreading of
the Monterey Revolution, so that the progress of
the Nation may not be paralyzed," and to ap-
point a i)erson to take military command of the
department.

San Diego and San Luis Rev took the part of
Los Angeles in the quarrel, Sonoiua and San
Jose joined Monterey, while Santa Barbara, al-
ways conservative, was undecided, but finally is-
sued a plan of her own. Alvarado and Castro
determined to suppress the revolutionary An-
gelenos. They collected a force of one hundred
men made up of natives and Graham's con-
tingent (jf twenty-five American riflemen. With
this arm_\- they prepared to move against the
recalcitrant snrcnos (southerners).

The ayuntamiento of Los Angeles began
preparations to resist the invaders .Vn army of
270 men was enrolled, a part of which was made
up of neo])hytes. To secure the sinews of war
Jose Sepulveda, second alcalde, was sent to the
Mission San I'ernando to secure what money
there was in the hands of the mayor domo. He
returned with two packages which when counted
were found to contain $2,000.

Scouts patrolled the Santa Barbara road as far
at San Buenaventura to give warning of the ap-
proach of tlie enemy, and pickets guarded the
Pass of Cahuenga and the Rodeo de 1-as Agnas
to prevent northern spies fri^m entering ;iiiil

southern traitors from getting out vi the pueblo.
The southern army was stationed at San
F'ernando under the command of Alferez
(Lieut.) Rocha. Alvarado and Castro pushing
rapidly down the coast reached Santa Barbara,
where they were kindly received and their force
recruited to 120 men with two pieces of artil-
lery. Jose Sepulveda at San Fernando sent to
Los Angeles for the cannon at the town house
and $200 of the mission money to pay his men.

On the 1 6th of January, 1837, Alvarado from
San Buenaventura dispatched a communication
to the ayuntamiento of Los Angeles and the
citizens, telling them wdiat military resources he
had, which he would use against them if it be-
came necessary, but he was willing to confer
upon a plan of settletnent. Sepulveda and A.
AI. Osio were appointed commissioners and sent
to confer with the governor, armed with several
propositions, the substance of wdiich was that
California shall not be free and the Catholic
rehgion must prevail with the privilege to pros-
ecute any other religion "according to law as
heretofore." The commissioners inet Alvarado
on "neutral ground," between San Fernando
and San Buenaventura. A long discussion fol-
lowed without either coining to the point. Al-
varado, by a coup d'etat, brought it to an end.
In the language of the commissioners' report to
the ayuntamiento : "While we were a certain
distance from our own forces with only four
unarmed men and were on the point of coming
to an agreement with Juan B. Alvarado we saw
the Monterey division advancing upon us and we
were forced to deliver up the instructions of
this Illustrious Body through fear of being at-
tacked." They delivered up not only the in-
structions but the Alission San Fernando. The
southern army was compelled to surrender it
and fall back on the j)ueblo, Rocha swearing-
worse than "our army in Flanders" because he
was not allowed to tight. The southern .soldiers
had a wholesome dread of Graham's riflemen.
These fellows, armed with long Kentucky rifles,
shot to kill, and a battle once begun somebody
would have died for his country and it would not
have been Alvarado's riflemen.

The day after the surrender of the mission,
January 21, 1837, the ayuntamiento held a ses-
sion and the members were as obdurate and
belligerent as ever. They resolved that it was
onlv in the interests of humanity that the mis-
sion had b.ecn surrendered and their army forced
to retire. "This ayuntamiento, considering the
commissioners were forced to comply, annuls
all action of the commissioners and does not rec-
ognize this territory as a free and sovereign state
11c ir Juan B. .Mvarado as its governor, and de-
cl.ires itself in favor of the Supreme Govern-

HISTORICAL AND BIOCRAPIIICAL RECORD.

iiicnt oi Mexico." A few days later Alvarado
entered the city without opposition, the Angele-
nian soldiers retiring to San Gabriel and from
there scattering to their homes.

On the 26th of January, an extraordinary ses-
sion of the most illustrious ayuntamiento was
held. Alvarado was present and made a lengthy
speech, in which he said, "the native sons were
subjected to ridicule by the Mexican mandarins
sent here, and, knowing our rights, we ought to
shake ofT the ominous yoke of bondage." Then
he produced and read the six articles of the
Monterey plan ; the Council also produced a plan
and a treaty of amity was effected. Alvarado
was recognized as governor pro tem. and peace
reigned. The belligerent surefios vied with each
other in expressing their admiration for the new
order of things. Pio Pico wished to express the
pleasure it gave him to see a "hijo del pais" in
ofifice, and Antonio Osio, the most belligerent
of the sureiios. declared "that sooner than again
submit to a Mexican dictator as governor, he
would flee to the forest and be devoured by wild
beasts." The ayuntamiento was asked to pro-
vide a building for the government, "this being
the capital of the State." The hatchet api)arent-
ly was buried. Peace reigned in El Estado
Libre.

At the meeting of the town council on the
30th of January, Alvarado made another speech,
init it was neither conciliatory nor complimen-
tary. He arraigned the "traitors wdio were work-
ing against the peace of the country" and urged
the members to take measures "to liberate the
city from the hidden hands that will tangle them
in their own ruin." The pay of his troo]is who
were ordered here for the welfare of California
is due "and it is an honorable and preferred debt,
therefore the ayuntamiento will deliver to the
government the San Fernando money," said he.
With a wry face, very nuich such as a bt)y wears
when he is told that he has been spanked for his
own good, the alcalde turned over the balance of
the mission money to Juan Bautista, and the
governor took his departure for Monterey,
leaving, however. Col. Jose Castro with part of
his army stationed at Mission San Gabriel, os-
tensibly "to support the city's authority," but in
reality to keep a close watch on the citv authori-
ties.

Los Angeles was subjugated, peace reigned
and El Estado Libre de Alta California took her
place among the nations of the earth. But
peace's reign was brief. At the meeting of the
ayuntamiento May 27, 1838, Juan Bandini and
Santiago E. Argiiello of San Diego, appeared
with a ])rommcianiicnlo and a plan — San Diego's
l)!an of government. Montorev, Santa I'.arhrira
and Los Angeles had each fnnnnl.ited a plan of

government for the territory and now it was San
Diego's turn. Augustin V. Zamorano, who was
exiled with Governor Gutierrez, had crossed
the frontier and was made comandante-general
and territorial political chief ad interim by the
San Diego revolutionists. The plan restored
California to obedience to the supreme govern-
ment; all acts of the diputacion and the Monte-
rey plan were annulled and the northern rebels
were to be arraigned and tried for their part in
the revolution ; and so on through twenty ar-
ticles.

On the plea of an Indian outbreak near San
Diego, in which the red men, it was said, "were
to make an end of the white race," the big can-
non and a number of men were secured at Los
Angeles to assist in suppressing the Indians, but
in reality to reinforce the army of the San Diego
revolutionists. With a force of 125 men under
Zamorano and Portilla, "the army of the Su-
preme Government" moved against Castro at
Los Angeles. Castro retreated to Santa Barbara
and Portilla's army took position at San Fer-
nando.

The civil and military officials of Los Angeles
took the oath to support the Me.xican constitu-
tion of 1836 and, in their opinion, this absolved
them from all allegiance to Juan 1 >autista and his
Monterey plan. Alvarado hurried reinforce-
ments to Castro at Santa Barbara, and Portilla
called loudly for "men, arms and horses," to
march against the northern rebels. But neither
military chieftain advanced, and the summer
wore away without a battle. There were rumors
that Mexico was preparing to send an army of
1,000 men to subjugate the rebellious Califor-
nians. In October came the news that Jose An-
tonio Carrillo, the ^lachiavelli of California poli-
tics, had persuaded President Bustamente to ap-
l)oint Carlos Carrillo, ]ose's brother, governor
of .\lta California.

Then consternation seized the arribanas (ui)-
pers) of the north, and the abajanos (lowers) of
the south went wild with joy. It was not that
they loved Carlos Carrillo, for he was a Santa
Barbara man and had opposed them in the late
unpleasantness, but they saw in his appointment
an opportunity to get revenge on Juan Bautista
for the way he had humiliated them. They sent
congratulatory messages to Carrillo and invited
him to make Los Angeles the seat of his govern-
ment. Carrillo was flattered by their attentions
and consented. The 6th of December, 1837, was
set for his inauguration, and great preparations
were made for the event. The big cannon was
brought over from San Gabriel to fire salutes
and the citv was ordered illuminated on the
nights of tile 6th, 7th and 8th of December.
Cards of invitation were issued and the people

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

from the city and country were invited to at-
tend the inauguration ceremonies, "dressed as
decent as possible," so read the invitations.

The widow Josefa Alvarado's house, the finest
in the city, was secured for the governor's pal-
acio (palace). The largest hall in the city was
secured for the services and decorated as well as
it was possible. The city treasury, being in its
usual state of collapse, a subscription for defray-
ing the expenses was opened and horses, hides
and tallow, the current coin of the pueblo, were
lil)crally contributed.

(■•n the appointed da\-, "The Most Illustrious
.Vyuntaniiento and the citizens of the neighbor-
hood (so the old archives read) met his Excel-
lency, the Governor, Don Carlos Carrillo, who
made his appearance with a magnificent accom-
paniment." The secretary, Narciso Botello,
"read in a loud, clear and intelligib'.e voice, the
oath, and the governor repeated it after him."
At the moment the oath was completed, the
artillery thundered forth a salute and the bells
rang out a merry peal. The governor made a
speech, when all adjourned to the church, where
a mass was said and a solemn Te Deum sung ;
after which all repaired to the house of His Ex-
cellency, where the southern patriots drank his
health in bumpers of wine and shouted them-
selves hoarse in vivas to the new government.
An inauguration ball was held — the "beauty and
the chivalry of the south were gathered there."
The lamps shone o'er fair women and brave
men. And it was :

"On with the dance! Let joy be unconfined;
Xo sleep till morn, when youth and pleasure

meet
To chase the glowing hours with flying feet."

Outside the lallow dips flared and flickered from
the porticos of the houses, bonfires blazed in the
streets and cannon boomed salvos from the old
plaza. Los Angeles was the capital at last and
iiad a governor all to herself, for Santa T.arbara
refused to recognize Carrillo, although he be-
longed within its jurisdiction.

The Angelcnos determine<l to subjugate the
r.arbarenos. .\n army of 200 men, under Cas-
tenada, was sent to capture the city. After a few
futile demonstrations, Casteiiada's forces fell
back to San Buenaventura.

Then Alvarado determined to subjugate the
.\ngelefios. He and Castro, gathering together
an army of 200 men, by forced marches they
reached San Buenaventura, and by a strategic
movement captured all of Castenada's horses
and drove his army into the Mission Church.
For two days the battle raged and. "cainmn Ic
the right of thcni," and "canmni in front nf ihrni

volleyed an<l thundered." ( 'ne man was killed
on tile northern side and the blood of several
nuistangs watered the soil of their native land —
died for their country. The southerners slipped
out of the church at night and fled up the valley
on foot. Castro's caballeros captured about 70
prisoners. Pio Pico, with reinforcements from
San Diego, met the demoralized remnants of
Casteiiada's army at the Santa Clara river, and
together all fell back to Los Angeles. Then
there was wailing in the old pueblo, where sc
lately there had been rejoicing. Gov. Carlos Car-
rillo gathered together what men he could get
to go with him and retreated to San Diego. Al-
varado's army took possession of tlie southern
capital and some of the leading conspirators
were sent as prisoners to Vallejo's bastile at Son-
oma.

Carrillo, at San Diego, received a small rein-
forcement from Mexico, under a Captain Tobar.
Tobar was made general and given command of
the southern army. Carrillo, having recovered
from his fright, sent an order to the northern
rebels to surrender within fifteen days under pen-
alty of being shot as traitors if they refused. In
the meantime Los Angeles was held by the
enemy. The second alcalde (the first, Louis
Aranas, was a prisoner) called a meeting to de-
vise some means "to have his excellency, Don
Carlos Carrillo, return to this capital, as his pres-
ence is very much desired by the citizens to pro-
tect their lives and property." A committee was
appointed to find Don Carlos.

Instead of surrendering, Castro and .\lvara-
do, with a force of 200 men, advanced against
Carrillo. The two armies met at Campo de Las
Flores. General Tobar had fortified a cattle
corral with raw-hides, carretas and Cottonwood
poles. A few shots from Alvarado's artillery
scattered Tobar's rawhide fortifications. Carrillo
surrendered. Tobar and a few of the leaders
escaped to Mexico. Alvarado ordered the mis-
guided Angclefiian soldiers to go home and
behave themselves. He brought the captive gov-
ernor back with him and left him with his (Car-
rillo's) wife at Santa Barbara, who became surety
for the deposed ruler. Not content with his un-
fortunate attempts to rule, he again claimed the
governorship on the plea that he had been ap-
pointed by the supreme government. But the
Angelenos had had enough of him. Disgusted
witli his incompetency, Juan Gallardo, at the
session of ]\[ay 14, 1838. presented a petition
praying that this ayuntamiento do not recognize
Carlos Carrillo as governor, and setting forth
the reasons why we, the petitioners, "should de-
clare ourselves subject to the northern govcr-
n.ir" and why they opposed Carrillo.

■'I'irst. In having compromised the i>enplo

HISTORICAL ANM) IJloGRArilLCAL RMCuRD.

from San Buenavciilura south into a declaration
of war, the incalculable calamities of which will
never be forgotten, not even by the most ignor-
ant."

"Second. Not satisfied with the unfortunate
event at San Buenaventura, he repeated the
same at Canipo de Las Flores, which, only
through a divine dispensation, California is not
to-day in mourning." Seventy citizens signed
the petition, but the city attorney, who had done
time in Yallejo"s bastile. decided the petition ille-
gal because it was written on common paper
when paper with the proper seal could be ob-
tained.

Next day Gallardo returned with his petition
on legal paper. The ayuntamiento decided to
sound the "public alarm" and call the people to-
gether to give them "public speech." The pub-
lic alarm was sounded. The people assembled
at the city hall ; speeches were made on both
sides; and when the vote was taken 22 were in
favor of the northern governor, 5 in favor of
whatever the ayuntamiento decides, and Serbulo
A'areles alone voted for Don Carlos Carrillo. So
the council decided to recognize Don Juan Bau-
tista Alvarado as governor and leave the su-
preme government to settle the contest be-
tween him and Carrillo.

Notwithstanding this apparent buiying of the
hatchet, there were rumors of plots and intrigues
in Los Angeles and San Diego against Alvara-
do. At length, aggravated beyond endurance,
the governor sent word to the surefios that if
they did not behave themselves he would shoot
ten of the leading men of the south. As he had
about that number locked up in the Castillo at
Sonoma, his was no idle threat.

One by one Alvarado's prisoners of state were
released from \'allejo's bastile at Sonoma and
returned to Los Angeles, sadder if not wiser
men. At the session of the ayuntamiento Octo-
ber 20, 1838, the president announced that Sen-
ior Regidor Jose Palomares had returned from
Sonoma, where he had been compelled to go by
reason of "political differences." and that he
should be allowed his seat in the council. The
request was granted unanimously

.•\t the next meeting Narciso Botello, its for-
mer secretary, after five and a half months' im-
prisomncnt at Sonoma, put in an appearance and

claimed his office and his pay. Although others
had filled the office in the interim the illustrious
ayuntamiento, "ignoring for what offense he was
incarcerated, could not suspend his salary." But
his salary was suspended. The treasury was
empty. The last horse and the last hide had
been paid out to defray the expenses of the in-
auguration festivities of Carlos, the Pretender.
and the civil war that followed. Indeed, there
was a treasury deficit of whole caballadas of
horses and bales of hides. Narciso's back pay
was a preferred claim that outlasted El Estado
Libre.

The surenos of Los Angeles and San Diego,
finding that in Alvarado they had a man of cour-
age and determination to deal with, ceased from
troubling him and submitted to the inevitable.

At the meeting of the ayuntamiento, October
5, 1839, a notification was received stating that
the supreme government of Mexico had ap-
pointed Juan Bautista Alvarado "Governor of
the Department." There was no grumbling or
dissent. On the contrary the records say, "This
Illustrious Body acknowledges receipt of the
communication and congratulates His Excel-
lency. It will announce the same to the citizens
to-morrow (Sunday), will raise the national col-
ors, salute the same with the required number
of volleys, and will invite the people to illumi-
nate their houses for a better display in rejoicing
at such a happy appointment." ^^lth his ap-
pointment by the supreme government the
"Free and sovereign state of ."Mta California" be-
came a dream of the past — a dead nation. In-
deed, months before Alvarado had abandoned
his idea of foundingan independentstateand had
taken the oath of allegiance to the constitution
of 1836. The loyal surenos received no thanks
from the supreme government for all their pro-
fessions of loyalty, whilst the rebellious arribanas
of the north obtained all the rewards — the gov-
ernor, the capital and the offices. The sui)reme
government gave the deposed governor. Carlos
Carrillo, a grant of the island of Santa Rosa, in
the Santa Barbara Channel, but whether it was
given him as a salve to his wounded dignity or
as an Elba or St. Helena, where, in the event of
his stirring up another revolution, he might be
banished a la Napoleon, the records do not in-
form us.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER XIII,

THE CLOSING YEARS OF MEXICAN RULE.

THE decade of revolutions closed with
Alvarado firmly established as Governor
of the Department of the Californias.
(By the constitution of 1836 Upper and Lower
California had been united into a department.)
The hijos del pais had triumphed. A native son
was governor of the department ; another native
son was comandante of its military forces. The
membership of the departmental junta, which
had taken the place of the diputacion, was
largely made up of sons of the soil, and natives
filled the minor offices. In their zeal to rid
themselves of Mexican office-holders they had
invoked the assistance of another element that
was ultimately to be their undoing.

During the revolutionary era just passed the
foreign population had largely increased. Not
only had the foreigners come by sea, but they
had come by land. Capt. Jedediah S. Smith, a
New England-born trapper and hunter, was the
first man to enter California by the overland
route. He came in 1826 by the way of Great
Salt Lake and the Rio Virgin, then across the
desert through the Cajon Pass to San Gabriel
and Los Angeles. On his return he crossed the
Sierra Nevadas, and, following up the Hum-
l)oldt river, returned to Great Salt Lake. He
was the first white man to cross the Sierra Ne-
vadas. A number of trappers and hunters came
in the early '30s from New Mexico by way of
the old Mexican trail. This immigration was
largely American, and was made up of a bold,
adventurous class of men, some of them not
the most desirable immigrants. Of this latter
class were some of Graham's followers.

By invoking Graham's aid to place him in
power, Alvarado had fastened upon his shoul-
ders an Old Man of the Sea. It was easy enough
to enlist the services of Graham's riflemen, but
altogether another matter to get rid of them.
Now that he was firmly established in power,
.Mvarado would, no doubt, have Ijeen glad to be
rid entirely of his recent allies, but Graham and
his adherents were not backward in giving him
to understand that he owed his position to them,
and they were inclined to put themselves on an
equality with him. This did not comport with
his ideas of the dignity of his office. To be
hailed by some rough Inickskin-clad trapper

with "Ho 1 Bautista ; come here, I want to speak
with you," was an afifront to his pride that the
governor of the two Californias could not quiet-
ly pass over, and besides, like all of his country-
men, he disliked foreigners.

There were rumors of another revolution, and
it was not difficult to persuade Alvarado that the
foreigners were plotting to revolutionize Cali-
fornia. Mexico had recently lost Texas, and
the same class of "malditos extranjeros" (wicked
strangers) were invading California, and would
ultimately possess themselves of the country.
-Accordingly, secret orders were sent through-
out the department to arrest and imprison all
foreigners. Over one hundred men of dififer-
ent nationalities were arrested, principally
American and English. Of these forty-seven
were shipped to San Bias, and from there
marched overland to Tepic, where they were
imprisoned for several months. Through the
efforts of the British consul, Barron, they were
released. Castro, who had accompanied the
prisoners to Mexico to prefer charges against
them, was placed under arrest and afterwards
tried by court-martial, but was acquitted. He
had been acting under orders from his superiors.
After an absence of over a year twenty of the
exiles landed at Monterey on their return from
Mexico. Robinson, who saw them land, says:
"They returned neatly dressed, armed with rifles
and swords, and looking in nnich better condi-
tion than when they were sent away, or prob-
ably than they had ever looked in their lives
before." The Mexican government had been
compelled to pay them damages for their arrest
and imprisonment and to return them to Cali-
fornia. Graham, the reputed leader of the for-
eigners, was the owner of a distillery near Santa
Cruz, and had gathered a number of hard char-
acters around him. It would have been no loss
had he never returned.

The only other event of importance during
.Mvarado's term as governor was the capture of
Monterey by Conunodore Ap Catesby Jones,
of the United States navy. This event happened
after .Mvarado's successor, Micheltorena, had
landed in California, but before the government
had been formally turned over to him.

Tin- following extract from the diary of a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD

pioneer and former resident of Los Angeles
who was an eye-witness of the affair, gives a
good description of the capture :

"Monterey, Oct. 19, 1842. — At 2 p. ni. the
United States man-of-war 'United States,' Com-
modore Ap Catesby Jones, came to anchor close
alongside and inshore of all the ships in port.
About 3 p. m. Captain Armstrong came ashore,
accompanied by an interpreter, and went direct
to the governor's house, where he had a private
conversation with him, which proved to be a
demand for the surrender of the entire coast of
California, Upper and Lower, to the United
States government. \Mien he was about to go
on board he gave three or four copies of a proc-
lamation to the inhabitants of the two Califor-
nias, assuring them of the protection of their
lives, persons and property. In his notice to the
governor (Alvarado) he gave him only until the
following morning at 9 a. m. to decide. If he
received no answer, then he would fire upon the
town."

"I remained on shore that night and went
down to the governor's, with Mr. Larkin and
Mr. Eagle. The governor had had some idea of
nmning away and leaving Monterey to its fate,
but was told by Mr. Spence that he should not
go, and finally he resolved to await the result.
At 12 at night some persons were sent on board
the "United States" who had been appointed
by the governor to meet the commodore and
arrange the terms of the surrender. Next morn-
ing at half-past ten o'clock about 100 sailors and
50 marines disembarked. The sailors marched
up from the shore and took possession of the
fort. The American colors were hoisted. The
"United States" fired a salute of thirteen guns ; it
was returned by the fort, which fired twenty-
six guns. The marines in the mean time had
marched up to the government house. The of-
ficers and soldiers of the California government
were discharged and their guns and other arms
taken possession of and carried to the fort. The
stars and stripes now wave over us. Long may
they wave here in California I"

"Oct. 2 1 St, 4 p. m. — Flags were again
changed, the vessels were released, and all was
quiet again. The commodore had received later
news by some Mexican newspapers."

Commodore Jones had been stationed at Cal-
lao with a squadron of four vessels. An English
fleet was also there, and a French fleet was
cruising in the Pacific. Both these were sup-
posed to have designs on California. Jones
learned that the English admiral had received
orders to sail next day. Surmising that his des-
tination might be California, he slipped out of
the harbor the night before and crowded all sail
to reach C;i]ifnniin before the English admiral.

The loss of Texas, and the constant influx of
immigrants and adventurers from the United
States into California, had embittered the Mex-
ican government more and more against for-
eigners. Manuel Micheltorena, who had served
under Santa Anna in the Texan war, was ap-
pointed, January 19, 1842, comandante-general
inspector and gobernador propietario of the
Californias.

Santa Anna was president of the Mexican
Republic. His experience with Americans in
Texas during the Texan war of independence,
in 1836-37, had determined him to use every ef-
fort to prevent California from sharing the falc
of Texas.

Micheltorena, the newly-appointed governor,
vvas instructed to take with him sufficient force
to check the ingress of Americans. He recruit-
ed a force of 350 men, principally convicts en-
listed from the prisons of Mexico. His army of
thieves and ragamuffins landed at San Diego in
August, 1842.

Robinson, who was at San Diego when one
of the vessels conveying Micheltorena's cholos
(convicts) landed, thus describes them: "Five
days afterward the brig Chato arrived with
ninety soldiers and their families. I saw them
land, and to me they presented a state of
wretchedness and misery unequaled. Not one
individual among them possessed a jacket or
pantaloons, but, naked, and like the savage In-
dians, they concealed their nudity with dirty,
miserable blankets. The females were not much
better ofif, for the scantiness of their mean ap-
parel was too apparent for modest observers.
They appeared like convicts, and, indeed, the
greater portion of them had been charged with
crime, either of murder or theft."

Micheltorena drilled his Falstaffiian army at
San Diego for several weeks and then began hi.s
march northward. Los Angeles made great
preparations to receive the new governor. Seven
years had passed since she had been decreed the
capital of the territory, and in all these years
she had been denied her rights by Monterey. A
favorable impression on the new governor
might induce him to make the ciudad his capital.
The national fiesta of September 16 was post-
poned until the arrival of the governor. The
best house in the town was secured for him and
his stafT. A grand ball was projected and the
city illuminated the night of his arrival. A
camp was established down by the river and the
cholos, who in the mean time had been given
white linen uniforms, were put through the drill
and the manual of arms. They were incorrigible
thieves, and stole for the very pleasure of steal-
ing. They robbed the hen roosts, the orchards,
the vincvards and the vcRvtable g.nrdons of the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

citizens. To the Angeleiios the glory of their
city as the capital of the territory faded in the
presence of their empty chicken coops and
plundered orchards. They longed to speed the
departure of their now unwelcome guests. After
a stay of a month in the city, Micheltorena and
his army took up their line of march north-
ward. He had reached a point about twenty
miles north of San Fernando, when, on the
night of the 24th of October, a messenger
aroused him from his slumbers with the news
that the capital had been captured by the Ameri-
cans. Alicheltorena seized the occasion to make
])olitical capital for himself with the home gov-
ernment. He spent the remainder of the night
in fulminating proclamations against the in-
vaders fiercer than the thunderbolts of Jove,
copies of which were dispatched post haste to
Mexico. He even wished himself a thunderbolt
"that he might fly over intervening space and
annihilate tlie invaders." Then, with his own
courage and doubtless that of his brave cholos
aroused to the highest pitch, instead of rushing
on the invaders he and his army fled back to
San Fernando, where, afraid to advance or re-
treat, he halted until news reached him tiiat
Commodore Jones had restored Monterey to the
Californians. Then his valor reached the boil-
ing point. He boldly marched to Los Angeles,
established his headquarters in the city and
awaited the coming of Commodore Jones and
his ofihcers from Monterey.

On the 19th of January, 1843, Commodore
Jones and his stafif came to Los Angeles to meet
the governor. At the famous conference in the
Falacio de Don Abel, ]\Iicheltorena presented
his Articles of Convention. Among other ridic-
ulous demands were the following: ".\rticle
\ I. Mr. Thomas Ap C. Jones will deliver 1,500
complete infantry uniforms to replace those of
nearly one-half of the Mexican force, which have
been ruined in the violent march and the con-
tinued rains while they were on their way to
recover the port thus invaded." "Article VII.
Jones to pay $15,000 into the national treasury
for expenses incurred from the general alarm;
also a complete set of musical instruments in
lilace of those ruined on this occasion."* Judg-
ing from Robinson's description of the dress of
Alichcltorena's cholos it is doubtful whether
there was an entire uniform among them.

"The commodore's first impulse," writes a
member of his staff, "was to return the papers
without connnent and to refuse further commu-
nication with a man who could have the efifront-
ory to trump up such charges as those for which
indenmification was claimed." The commodore

if r.-ilifomia Vnl. IV.

on reflection put aside his personal feelings, and
met the governor at the grand ball in Sanchez
Hall held in honor of the occasion. The ball was
a brilliant afifair, "the dancing ceased only with
the rising of the sun next morning." The com-
modore returned the articles without his signa-
ture. The governor did not again refer to his
demands. Next morning, January 21, 1843,
Jones and his officers took their departure from
the city "amidst the beating of drums, the firing
of cannon and the ringing of bells, saluted by
the general and his wife from the door of their
quarters." On the 31st of December Michel-
torena had taken the oath of office in Sanchez
Hall, which stood on the east side of the plaza.
Salutes were fired, the bells were rung and the
city was illuminated for three evenings. For the
second time a governor had been inaugurated
in Los Angeles.

Micheltorena and his cholo army remained in
Los Angeles about eight months. The Angel-
eiios had all the capital they cared for. They
were perfectly willing to have the governor and
his army take up their residence in Monterey.
The cholos had devoured the country like an
army of chapules (locusts) and were willing to
move on. Monterey would no doubt ' have
gladly transferred what right she had to the
capital if at the same time she could have trans-
ferred to her old rival, Los Angeles, Michel-
torena's cholos. Their pilfering was largely en-
forced by their necessities. They received little
or no pay, and they often had to steal or starve.
The leading native Californians still entertained
their old dislike to "^Mexican dictators" and the
retinue of 300 chicken thieves tha: accompanied
the last dictator intensified their hatred.

Micheltorena, while not a model governor,
had many good qualities and was generally liked
by the better class of foreign residents. He
made an earnest effort to establish a system of
public education in the territory. Schools were
established in all the principal towns, and terri-
torial aid from the public funds to the amount of
$500 each was given them. The school at Los
Angeles had over one hundred pupils in attend-
ance. His worst fault was a disposition to med-
dle in local affairs. He was unreliable and not
careful to keep his agreements. He might have
succeeded in giving California a stable govern-
ment had it not been for the antipathy to his
cholo soldiers and the old feud between the
"hijos del pais" and the Mexican dictators.

These two proved his undoing. The native
sons under .\lvarado and Castro rose in rebel-
lion. In November, 1844. a revolution was in-
augurated at Santa Clara. The governor
marched with an army of 150 men against the
rebel forces numbering about 200. They met

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

at a place called the Laguna de Alvires. A
treaty was signed in which Micheltorena agreed
to ship his cholos back to Mexico.

This treaty the governor deliberately broke.
He then intrigued with Capt. John A. Sutter of
New Helvetia and Isaac Graham to obtain as-
sistance to crush the rebels. January 9, 1845,
Micheltorena and Sutter formed a junction of
their forces at Salinas — their united commands
numbering about 500 men. They marched
against the rebels to crush them. But the rebels
did not wait to be crushed. Alvarado and Castro,
with about 90 men, started for Los Angeles,
and those left behind scattered to their homes.
Alvarado and his men reached Los Angeles on
the night of January 20, 1845. The garrison
stationed at the curate's house was surprised
and captured. One man was killed and several
wounded. Lieut. Medina, of Micheltorena's
army, was the commander of the pueblo troops.
Alvarado's army encamped on the plaza and he
and Castro set to work to revolutionize the old
pueblo. The leading Angeleiios had no great
love for Juan Bautista, and did not readily fall
into his schemes. They had not forgotten their
enforced detention in A'allejo's Bastile during
the Civil war. An extraordinary session of the
ayuntamiento was called January 21. Alvarado
and Castro were present and made eloquent ap-
peals. The records say : "The Ayuntamiento
listened, and after a short interval of silence and
meditation decided to notify the senior member
of the Departmental Assembly of Don Alvarado
and Castro's wishes."

They were more successful with the Pico
Brothers. Pio Pico was senior vocal, and in
case Micheltorena was deposed, he, by virtue
of his office, would become governor. Through
the influence of the Picos the revolution gained
ground. The most potent influence in spread-
ing the revolt was the fear of Micheltorena's
cholos. Should the town be captured by them
jt certainly would be looted. The departmental
assembly was called together. A peace com-
mission was sent to meet Micheltorena, who was
leisurely marching southward, and intercede
with him to give up his proposed invasion of
the south. He refused. Then the assembly pro-
nounced him a traitor, deposed him by vote and
appointed Pio Pico governor. Recruiting went
on rapidly. Hundreds of saddle horses were
contributed, "old rusty guns were repaired,
hacked swords sharpened, rude lances manu-
factured" and cartridges made for the old iron
cannon, that now stand guard at the courthouse.
Some fifty foreigners of the south joined Alva-
rado's army ; not that they had much interest in
the revolution, but to protect their property
against the lapacicms invaders — the cholos, and

Sutter's Indians,* who were as much dreaded as
the cholos. On the 19th of February, Michel-
torena reached the Encinos, and the Angelenian
army marched out through Cahuenga Pass to
meet him. On the 20th the two armies met on
the southern edge of the San Fernando valley,
about 15 miles from Los Angeles. Each army
numbered about 400 men. Micheltorena had
tliree pieces of artillery, and Castro two. They
opened on each other at long range and seem
to have fought the battle throughout at very
long range. A mustang or a mule — authorities
differ — was killed.

Wilson, Workman and AIcKinlcy, of Castro's
army, decided to induce the Americans on the
other side, many of whom were their personal
friends, to abandon Micheltorena. Passing up
a ravine they succeeded in attracting the atten-
tion of some of them by means of a white flag.
Gantt, Hensley and Bidwell joined them in the
ravine. The situation was discussed and the
Americans of Micheltorena's army agreed to de-
sert him if Pico would protect them in their
land grants. Wilson, in his account of the bat-
tle,! says : "I knew, and so did Pico, that these
land questions were the point with those young
.\mericans. Before I started on my journey or
embassy, Pico was sent for; on his arrival
among us I, in a few words, explained to him
what the party had advanced." "Gentlemen,"
said he, "are any of you citizens of Mexico?"
They answered "No." "Then your title deeds
given you by Micheltorena are not worth the
paper they are written on, and he knew it well
when he gave them to you ; but if you will aban-
don his cause I will give you my word of honor
as a gentleman and Don Benito Wilson and Don
Juan \\'orkman to carry out what I promise —
that I will protect each one of you in the land
that you now hold, and when you become citi-
zens of Mexico I will issue you the proper
titles." They said that was all they asked, and
promised not to fire a gun against us. They
also asked not to be required to fight on our
side, which was agreed to.

"Micheltorena discovered (how I do not
know) that his Americans had ai)aiuloned him.
About an hour afterwards he raised his camp
and flanked us by going further into the valley
towards San Fernando, then marching as
though he intended to come around the bend of
the river to the city. The Californians and we
foreigners at once broke up our camp and came

*Sutter had under his command a company of In-
dians. He had drilled these in the use of firearms.
The employing of these savages by Micheltorena was
hitterlv resented by the Californians'.

tl'iil). Historical .Society of Southern California.
\'m1. X

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

hack through the Cahuenga Pass, marched
through the gap into the Feliz ranch, on the Los
Angeles river, till we came into close proximity
to Micheltorena's camp. It was now night, as
it was dark when we broke up our camp. Here
we waited for daylight, and some of our men
commenced maneuvering for a fight with the
enemy. A few cannon shots were fired, when a
white flag was discovered flying from Michel-
torena's front. The whole matter then went into
the hands of negotiators appointed by both par-
ties and the terms of surrender were agreed
upon, one of which was that Micheltorena and
his obnoxious officers and men were to march
hack up the river to the Cahuenga Pass, then
down to the plain to the west of Los Angeles,
the most direct line to San Pedro, and embark
at that point on a vessel then anchored there to
carry them back to Mexico." Sutter was taken
])risoner, and his Indians, after being corralled
loT a time, were sent back to the Sacramento.

The roar of the battle of Cahuenga or "The
Alamo," as it is sometimes called, could be dis-
tinctly heard in Los Angeles, and the people
remaining in the city- were greatly alarmed.
William Heath Davis, in his "Sixty Years in
California," thus describes the alarm in the
town: "Directly to the north of the town was a
high hill" (now known as Mt. Lookout). "As
soon as firing was heard all the people remain-
ing in the town — men, women and children —
ran to the top of this hill. As the wind was
blowing from the north the firing was distinctly
heard, five leagues away, on the battlefield,
throughout the day. All business places in town
were closed. The scene on the hill was a re-
markable one — women and children, with
crosses in their hands, kneeling and praying to
the saints for the safety of their fathers, brothers,
sons, husbands, lovers, cousins — that they might
not be killed in the battle ; indifferent to their
persona! appearance, tears streammg from their
eyes, and their hair blown about by the wind,
which had increased to quite a breeze. Don
Abel Stearns, myself and others tried to calm
and pacify them, assuring them that there was
probably no danger ; somewhat against our con-
victions, it is true, judging from what we heard
of the firing and from our knowledge of Michel-
torena's disciplined force, his battery, and the
riflemen he had with him. During the day the
scene on the hill continued. The night that fol-
lowed was a gloomy one, caused by the lamenta-
tions of the women and children."

Davis, who was supercargo on the "Don
Quixote," the vessel on which Micheltorena and
his soldiers were shipped to Mexico, claims that
the general "had ordered his command not to
injure the Californians in the force opposed to

him, but to fire over their heads, as he had no
desire to kill them."

Another Mexican-born governor had been de-
posed and deported — gone to join his fellows —
\'ictoria, Chico and Gutierrez. In accordance
with the treaty of Cahuenga and by virtue of his
rank as senior member of the Departmental
Assembly, Pio Pico became governor. The hijos
del pais were once more in the ascendency. Jose
Castro was made comandante-general. Alva-
rado was given charge of the custom house at
Monterey, and Jose Antonio Carrillo was ap-
pointed commander of the military district of the
south. Los Angeles was made the capital,
although the archives and the treasury remained
in Monterey. The revolution apparently had
been a success. In the proceedings of the Los
Angeles ayuntamiento, March i, 1845, appears
this record : "The agreements entered into at
Cahuenga between General Emanuel Michel-
torena and Lieut. -Col. Jose Castro were then
read and as they contain a happy termination
of affairs in favor of the government this Illus-
trious Body listened with satisfaction and so
answered the communication."

The people joined with the ayuntamiento in
expressing their "satisfaction" that a "happy
termination" had been reached of the political
disturbances that had distracted the country.
But the end was not yet. Pico did his best to
conciliate the conflicting elements, but the old
sectional jealousies that had divided the people
of the territory would crop out. Jose Antonio
Carrillo, the Machiaveli of the south, hated
Castro and Alvarado, and was jealous of Pico's
good fortune. He was the superior of any of
them in ability, but made himself unpopular by
his intrigues and his sarcastic speech. When
Castro and Alvarado came south to raise the
standard of revolt they tried to win him over.
He did assist them. He was willing enough to
plot against Micheltorena, but after the over-
throw of the Mexican he was equally ready to
plot against Pico and Castro. In the summer
of 1845 he was implicated in a plot to depose
Pico, who, by the way, was his brother-in-law.
Pico placed him and two of his fellow conspir-
ators, Serbulo and Hilario \'arela, under arrest.
Carrillo and Hilario \"arela were shipped to
Mazatlarrto be tried for their misdeeds. Serbulo
Varela made his escape from prison. The two
exiles returned early in 1846 unpunished and
ready for new plots..

Pico was appointed "Gobernador Propie-
tario," or Constitutional Governor of California,
September 3, 1845, ^Y President Herrera. The
Supreme Government of Mexico never seemed
to take offense or harbor resentment against the
Californians for deposing and sending home a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

governor. As the officials of the Supreme
Government usually obtained office by revolu-
tion, they no doubt had a fellow feeling for the
revolting Californians. When Micheltorena re-
turned to Mexico he was coldly received and a
commissioner was sent to Pico with dispatches
virtually approving all that had been done.

Castro, too, gave Pico a great deal of uneasi-
ness. He ignored the governor and managed
the military affairs of the territory to suit him-
self. His headquarters were at Monterey and
doubtless he had the sympathy if not the en-
couragement of the people of the north in his
course. But the cause of the greatest uneasi-
ness was the increasing immigration from the
United States. A stream of immigrants from
the western states, increasing each year, poured
down the Sierra Nevadas and spread over the
rich valleys of California. The Californians rec-
ognized that through the advent of these "for-
eign adventurers," as they were called, the
"manifest destiny" of California was to be ab-
sorbed by the United States. Alvarado had ap-

pealed to Alexico for men and arms and had
been answered by the arrival of Micheltorena
and his cholos. Pico appealed and for a time
the Californians were cheered by the prospect
r)f aid. In the summer of 1845 ^ force of 600
veteran soldiers, under conmiand of Colonel
Iniestra, reached Acapulco, where ships were ly-
ing to take them to California, hut a revolution
broke out in Mexico and the troops destined for
the defense of California were used to overthrow
President Herrera and to seat Paredes. Cali-
fornia was left to work out her own destiny un-
aided or drift with the tide — and she drifted.

In the early months of 1846 there was a rapid
succession of important events in her history,
each in passing bearing her near and nearer to
a manifest destiny — the downfall of Mexican
domination in California. These will be pre-
sented fully in the chapter on the Acquisition of
California by the United States. But before
taking up these w-e will turn aside to review life
in California in the olden time under Spanish
and Mexican rule.

CHAPTER XIV.

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT— MUY ILUSTRE AYUNTAMIENTO.

HOW were the municipalities or town cor-
porations in California governed under
Spanish and Mexican rule? Very few,
1 presume, of its present inhabitants have ex-
amined into the local governmental systems
prevailing before it became a possession of the
United States ; and yet this is an important ques-
tion. The original titles to many a broad acre
of our fertile valleys and to many a league of
the pueblo lands of some of our cities date away
back to the time when Spanish kmgs or ]\Iexi-
can presidents swayed the destinies of Cali-
fornia.

There is a vague impression in the minds of
many, derived, perhaps, from Dana's "Two
Years Before the Mast" and kindred works or
from tales and reminiscences of pioneers who
came here after the discovery of gold, that Cali-
fornia had very little government in the olden
days; that it was largely given over to anarchy
and revolution ; that life was unsafe in it and
murder a common occurrence. Such impres-
sions arc as false as they are unjust. There
were but comparatively few capital crimes com-
mitted in California under Spanish domination
or under Mexican rule.

The era of crime in California began with the
discovery of gold. There were no Joaquin Mur-

retas or Tiburcio Vasquezes before the "days of
gold," the days of "49." It is true, there were
a number of revolutions during the Alexican
regime, and California had a surplus of gover-
nors at times, but these revolutions were for the
most part bloodless afifairs. In the half a dozen
or more political uprisings occurring in the fif-
teen years preceding the American conquest and
resulting in four so-called battles, there were in
all but three men killed and five or six wounded.

While there were political disturbances in the
territory and several governors were deposed by
force and shipped back to Mexico whence they
came, the numicipal governments were well ad-
ministered. I doubt whether the municipalities
of Los Angeles, San Diego and Santa Barbara
have ever been governed better or more eco-
nomically under American rule than they were
during tiie years that their Most Illustrious
Ayuntamientos controlled the civil afTairs of
these towns.

There were three ayuntamientos or municipal
councils in Southern California at the time of the
.\merican conquest- — those of Los Angeles, San
Diego and Santa Barbara. The latter two were
of recent origin. The records of the Los An-
geles ayuntamiento from 1828 down to the
American occupation of California have been

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

preserved. They furnish us the best illustration
that we have of the workings of a municipal
government under Mexican rule. Therefore in
giving a sketch of local government in Cali-
fornia under Spain and Mexico I shall draw my
information largely from them.

Los Angeles had an ayuntamiento, under
Spanish rule, organized in the first years of her
existence, but it had very little power. The
ayuntamiento at first consisted of an alcalde
(mayor) and two regidores (councilmen). Over
them was a quasi-military officer, called a com-
isionado, a sort of petty dictator or military des-
pot, who, when occasion required, or his inclina-
tion moved him, embodied within himself all
three departments of the government — judiciary,
legislative and executive. After Mexico became
a republic the office of comisionado was
abolished. The membership of the Most
Illustrious Ayuntamiento of Los Angeles
was gradually increased, until, at the height
of its power in the '30s, it consisted
of a first alcalde, a second alcalde, six
regidores (councilmen), a secretary and a sin-
dico, or syndic, as the pueblo archives have it.
The sindico seems to have been a general utility
man. He acted as city attorney, tax and license
collector and treasurer. The alcalde was presi-
dent of the council, and acted as judge of the
first instance and as mayor. The second alcalde
took the place of the first when that offi-
cer was ill or absent ; or, as sometimes happened,
when he was a political prisoner in durance vile.
The regidores were numbered from one to six
and took rank according to number. The secre-
tary was an important officer; he kept the rec-
ords and was the only paid member except the
sindico, who received a commission on his col-
lections.

.\t the beginning of the year 1840 the ayunta-
mientos in California were abolished by a decree
of the Mexican congress, none of the towns hav-
ing the population required by the decree. In
January, 1844, the ayuntamiento of Los Angeles
was re-established. During the abolition of the
municipal councils the towns were governed by
prefects and justices of the peace, and the special
laws, or ordinances, were enacted by the depart-
mental assembly. Much valuable local history
was lost by the discontinuance of the ayunta-
mientos from 1840 to 1844. The records of the
ayuntamientos are rich in historical material.

The jurisdiction of the ayuntamiento of Los
Angeles, after the secularization of the missions,
extended from the southern limits of San Juan
Capistrano to and including San Fernando on
the north and eastward to the San Bernardino
mountains, extending over an area now com-
prised in' four counties and covering a territory

as large as the state of Massachusetts. Its au-
thority was as extensive as its jurisdicliun. It
granted town lots and reconmiended to the gov-
ernor grants of lands from the public domain.
In addition to passing ordinances for the gov-
ernment of the pueblo, its members sometimes
acted as executive officers to enforce them. It
contained within itself the powers of a board of
health, a board of education, a police commis-
sion and a street department. During the Civil
war between Northern and Southern California
in 1837-38, it raised and equipped an army and
assumed the right to govern the southern half of
the territory. The members served without pay,
but if a member was absent from a meeting
without a good excuse he was fined $3. The
sessions were conducted with great dignity and
decorum. The members were required to attend
their public functions "attired in black apparel
so as to add solemnity to the meetings."

The ayuntamiento was spoken of as "Most
Illustrious," in the same sense that we speak of
the Honorable City Council, but it was a much
more dignified body than a city council. Tak-
ing the oath of office was a solemn and impres-
sive affair. The junior regidor and the secretary
introduced the member to be sworn. "When,"
the rules say, "he shall kneel before a crucifix
placed on a table or dais, with his right hand on
the Holy Bible, then all the members of the
ayuntamiento shall rise and remain standing
with bowed heads while the secretary reads the
form of oath prescribed by law, and on the mem-
ber saying, T swear to do,' etc., the president
will answer, 'If thou so doest God will reward
thee ; if thou dost not, may He call thee to ac-
count.' "

As there was no pay in the office, and its
duties were numerous and onerous, tliere was
not a large crop of aspirants for councilmen in
those days, and the office usually sought the
man. It might be added, that when it caught
the right man it was loath to let go of him.

The tribulations that befell Francisco Pantoja
well illustrate the difficulty of resigning in the
days when office sought the man ; not the man
the office. Pantoja was elected fourth regidor
of the ayuntamiento of 1837. In those days wild
horses were very numerous; when the pasture
in the foothills was exhausted they came down
into the valleys and ate up the feed needed for
the cattle. On this account, and because most
of these wild horses were worthless, the ranch-
eros slaughtered them. A large and strong cor-
ral was built, with wings extending out on the
right and left from the main entrance. When
the corral was completed a day was set for a
wild horse drive. The bands were rounded up
and driven into the corral. The pick of the ca-

IIS'KJKICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

balladas were lassoed and taken out to be broken
to the saddle and the refuse of the bands killed.
The \'ejars had obtained permission from the
ayuntamiento to build a corral between the Cer-
ritos and the Salinas for the purpose of corral-
ing wild horses for slaughter; and Tomas Tala-
mantes made a similar request to build a corral
on the Sierra San Pedro. Permission was grant-
ed, the corrals were built, and a time was ap-
pointed for a wild horse rodeo.

Pantoja, being something of a sport, peti-
tioned his fellow regidores for a twenty days'
leave of absence to join in the wild horse chase.
After considerable debate leave was granted him.
A wild horse chase was wild sport and danger-
ous, too. Somebody was sure to get hurt, and
Pantoja. in this one, was one of the unfortunates.
When his twenty days' leave of absence was up
Pantoja did not return to his duties of regidor,
but, instead, sent his resignation on the plea of
illness. The president of the ayuntamiento re-
fused to accept his resignation and appointed a
committee to hold an investigation on his phys-
ical condition. There were no physicians in Los
Angeles then, so the committee took along San-
tiago McKinley, a canny Scotch merchant, who
was reputed to have some knowledge of surgery.
The committee and the improvised surgeon held
an ante-mortem inquest on what remained of
Pantoja. The committee reported to the council
that he was a physical wreck ; that he could not
mount a horse, nor ride one when mounted. A
native Californian who had reached such a state
of physical dilapidation that he could not mount
a horse might well be excused from official
duties. But there was danger of establishing a
precedent. The ayuntamiento heard the report,
pondered over it, and then sent it and the resig-
nation to the governor. He took them under
advisement, and, after a long delay, accepted
the resignation. In the meantime Pantoja's term
had expired by limitation and he had recovered
from his fall.

Notwithstanding the great dignity and for-
mality of the old-time regidores, they were not
like some of our modern councilmen — above
seeking advice of their constituents ; nor did
they assume superior airs as some of our par-
venu statesmen do. There was, in their legisla-
tive system, an upper house, or court of last ap-
peal, and that was the people themselves. When
there was a deadlock in their council, or when
some question of great importance to the com-
munity came before them and they were divided
as to what was best to do, or when some crafty
politician was attempting to sway their decision
so as to obtain personal gain at the expense of
the community, then the alarma publico, or the
''pu!)lic alarm," was sounded by the beating of

the long roll on the drum, and the citizens were
summoned to the hall of sessions, and anyone
hearing the alarm and not heeding it was fined
$3. When the citizens were convened the presi-
dent of the ayuntamiento, speaking in a loud
voice, stated the question and the people were
given "public speech." Everyone had an op-
portunity to make a speech. Rivers of eloquence
flowed, and, when all who wished to speak had
had their say, the question was decided by a
show of hands. The majority ruled, and all went
home happy to think the country was safe and
they had helped save it.

Some of the ordinances for the government of
Los Angeles, passed by the old regidores, were
quaint and amusing, and illustrate the primitive
modes of life and thought sixty and seventy
years ago.

The regidores were particularly severe on the
idle and improvident. The "Wearv Willies" of
that day were compelled to tramp very much as
they are to-day. Ordinance No. 4, adopted Jan-
uary 28, 1838, reads : "Every person not having
any apparent occupation in this city, or its juris-
diction, is hereby ordered to look for work
within three days, counting from the day this
ordinance is published ; if not complied with he
will be fined $2 for the first offense, $4 for the
second offense, and will be given compulsory
work for the third."

If the tramp only kept looking for work, but
was careful not to find it, it seems, from the
reading of the ordinance, there could be no of-
fense, and consequently no fines nor compulsory
work for the "Weary ^X'illie."

The ayuntamiento of 1844 passed this ordi-
nance : "Article 2. All persons without occu-
pation or known manner of living, shall be
deemed to come luider the law of vagabonds,
and shall be punished as the law dictates."

The ayuntamiento ordered a census of the
vagabonds. The census report showed 22 vaga-
bonds-— eight genuine vags and fourteen ordi-
nary ones. It is to be regretted that regidores
did not define the difference between a genuine
and an ordinary vagabond.

The regidores regulated the social conditions
of the people, ■'.\rticle 19. A license of $2 shall
be paid for all dances except marriage dances,
for which permission shall be obtained from the
judges of the city."

Here is a trades union regulation more than a
half century old :

"Article 7. .\11 grocery, clothing and liquor
houses are prohibited from employing any class
of servants foreign to the business without pre-
vious verbal or written stipulations from their
former employers. .Xnyone acting contrary to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the above shall forfeit all right to claim I'c-im-
bursement,"

Occasionally the regidores had lists of impe-
cunious debtors and dead beats made out and
published, and the merchants were warned not
to give these fellows credit.

Sometimes the ayimtamicnto promulgated le-
gal restrictions against the pastime and pleasures
of the people that seem to be almost as austere
as were the old blue laws of Connecticut.

Ordinance 5 (passed January 20, 1838): "All
individuals serenading promiscuously around
the streets of the city at night without first hav-
ing obtained permission from the alcalde, will be
fined $1.50 for the first ofTense, $3 for the sec-
ond, and for the third punished according to
law."

Ordinance 6 (same date) : "Every individual
giving a dance at his house, or at any other house,
without first having obtained permission from
the alcalde, will be fined $5 for the first ofifense,
and for the second and third punished according
to law."

What the penalty of "punished according to
law" was the ordinances do not define. It is safe
to say that any serenader who had suffered for a
first and second offense without law, was not
anxious to experience a punishment "according
to law" for the third.

The old pueblo had its periodical smallpox
scares. Then the regidores had to act as a board
of health and enforce their hygienic regulations ;
there were no physicians in the town then. In
1844 the disease became epidemic and the ayun-
tamiento issued a proclamation to the people and
formulated a long list of hygienic rules to be
observed. The object of the proclamation
seemed to be to paint the horrors of the plague
in such vivid colors that the people would be
frightened into observing the council's rules.
The proclamation and the rules were ordered
read by guards at the door of each house and
before the Indian huts. I give a portion of the
proclamation and a few of the rules :

"That destructive power of the Almighty,
which occasionally punishes man for his numer-
ous faults, destroys not only kingdoms, cities
and towns, leaving many persons in orphanage
and devoid of protection, but goes forth with an
exterminating hand and preys upon science, art
and agriculture — this terrible plague threatens
this unfortunate department of the grand Mexi-
can nation, and seems more fearful by reason of
the small population, which cannot fill one-twen-
tieth part of its territory. What would become
of her if this eminently philanthropic ayunta-
miento had not provided a remedy partly to
cotmteract these ills? It would bereave the town

of the amis dedicated to agriculture [the only
industry of the country), which would cease to
be useful, and, in consequence, misery would
prevail among the rest. The present ayunla-
miento is deserving of praise, as it is the first to
take steps beneficial to the community and the
country."

Among the hygienic rules were orders to the
people to refrain from "eating peppers and
spices which stimulate the blood ;" "to wash all
salted meats before using;" "all residents in good
health to bathe and cleanse themselves once in
eight days ;" "to burn sulphur on a hot iron in
their houses for fumigation." "Saloon-keepers
shall not allow gatherings of inebriates in their
saloons, and all travelers on inland roads must
halt at the distance of four leagues from the
towns and wash their clothes."

The alcaldes' powers were as unlimited as
those of the ayuntamiento. They judged all
kinds of cases and settled all manner of disputes.
There were no lawyers to worry the judges and
no juries to subvert justice and common sense
by anomalous verdicts. Sometimes the alcalde
was judge, jury and executioner, all in one. In
the proceedings of the ayuntamiento of Los An-
geles, March 6, 1837, Jose Sepulveda, second al-
calde, informed the members "That the prison-
ers, Juliano and Timoteo, had confessed to the
murder of Ygnacio Ortega, which was deliber-
ated and premeditated." "He had decided to
sentence them to capital punishment and also to
execute them- to-morrow, it being a holiday when
the neighborhood assembles in town. He asked
the members of the Illustrious Ayuntamiento
to express their opinion in the matter, which
they did, and all were of the same opinion. Senor
Sepulveda said he had already solicited the ser-
vices of the Rev. Father at San Gabriel, so that
he may come to-day and administer spiritual
consolation to the prisoners."

At the meeting of the ayuntamiento two weeks
later, March 20,"i837, the record reads : "Second
alcalde, Jose Sepulveda, thanked the members
for acquiescing in his decision to shoot the pris-
oners, Juliano and Timoteo, but after sending
his decision to the governor, he was ordered to
send the prisoners to the general government
to ])e tried according to law by a council of war,
and he had complied with the order." The bluff
old alcalde could see no necessity for trying pris-
oners who had confessed to a deliberate murder:
therefore he proposed to execute them without
a trial.

The prisoners, I infer, were Indians. While
the Indians of the pueblo were virtually slaves to
the ranchcros and vineyardists. they were al-
lowed certain rights and privileges by the ayun-
tamiento, and white men were compelled to re-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

spect thciii. The Indians had been granted a
portion of the pueblo lands near the river for a
rancheria. They presented a petition at one time
to the ayuntamiento, stating that the foreigner,
Juan Domingo (John Sunday), had fenced in
part of their land. The members of the council
examined into the case. They found that John
Sunday was guilty as charged, so they fined
Juan $12 and compelled him to set back his
fence to the line. The Indians were a source of
trouble to the regidores, and there was always
a number of them under sentence for petty mis-
demeanors. They formed the chain gang of the
pueblo. Each regidor had to take his weekly
turn as captain of the chain gang and superin-
tend the work of the prisoners.

The Indian village, down by the river be-
tween what are now First street and Aliso, was
the plague spot of the body politic. Petition
after petition came to the council for the removal
of the Indians. Finally, in 1846, the ayunta-
miento ordered their removal across the river to
the Aguage de Los Avilas (the Spring of the
Avilas) and the site of their former village was
sold to their old-time enemy and persecutor,
John Sunday, the foreigner, for $200, which was
to be expended for the benefit of the Indians.
Gov. Pio Pico borrowed the $200 from the coun-
cil to pay the expenses of raising troops to sup-
press Castro, who, from his headquarters at
Monterey, was supposed to be fomenting an-
other revolution, with the design of making him-
self governor. If Castro had such designs the
Americans frustrated them by promptly taking
possession of the country. Pico and his army
returned to Los Angeles, but the Indians' money
never came back any more.

The last recorded meeting of the ayuntamiento
of Los Angeles under Mexican rule was held
July 4, 1846, and the last recorded act was to
give Juan Domingo a title to the pueblito — the
lands on which the Indian village stood. Could
the irony of fate have a sharper sting? The
Mexican, on the birthday of American liberty,
robbed the Indian of the last acre of his ancestral
lands, and the American robbed the Mexican
that robbed the Indian.

The ayuntamiento was revived in 1847, after
the conquest, but it was not the "Most Illustri-
ous" of former days. The heel of the conqueror
was on the neck of the native, and it is not
strange that the old-time motto, Dios y Libertad
(God and liberty), was sometimes abbreviated
in the later records to "God and etc." The sec-
retary was sure of Dios, but uncertain about
libertad.

The revenues of Los Angeles were small dur-
ing the Mexican era. There was no tax on land,
nnfl the municipal funds were derived principally

from ta.xes on wine and brandy, from fines anil
from licenses of saloons and business houses.
The pueblo lands were sold at the rate of 25 cents
per front vara, or about eight cents per front
foot, for house lots. The city treasury was usu-
ally in a state of financial collapse. Various ex-
pedients for inflating were agitated, but the peo-
ple were opposed to taxation and the plans never
matured.

In 1837, the financial stringency was so press-
ing that the alcalde reported to the ayuntamiento
that he was compelled to take country produce
for fines. He had already received eight colts,
si.x fanegas (about nine bushels) of com and
35 hides. The syndic immediately laid claim
to the colts on his back salary. The alcalde put
in a preferred claim of his own for money ad-
vanced to pay the salary of the secretary, and
besides, he said, he had "boarded the colts."
After considerable discussion the alcalde was
ordered to turn over the colts to the city treas-
urer to be appraised and paid out on claims
against the city. In the meantime it was found
that two of the colts had run away and the re-
maining six had demonetized the corn by eating-
it up — a contraction of the currency that ex-
ceeded in heinousness the "crime of '/S"

The municipal revenue between 1835 and 1845
never exceeded $1,000 in any one year, and some
years it fell as low as $500 a year. There were
but few salaried oflices, and the pay of the officials
was small. The secretary of the ayuntamiento
received from $30 to $40 a month: the school-
master was paid $15 a month while school kept,
but as the vacations greatly exceeded in length
the school terms, his compensation was not
munificent. The alcaldes, regidores and jueces
del campos (judges of the plains) took their pay
in honors, and honors, it might be said, were not
always easy. The church expenses were paid
out of the municipal funds, and these usually ex-
ceeded the amount paid out for schools. The
people were more spiritually inclined than intel-
lectually.

The form of electing city officers was similar
to our plan of electing a president and vice-
president. A primary election was held to choose
electors ; these electors met and elected the city
officials. No elector could vote for himself. As
but few of the voters could read or write, the
voting at the primary election was by viva voce,
and at the secondary election by ballot. The
district was divided into blocks or precincts, and
a conmiissioner or judge of election appointed
for each block. The polls were usually held
under the portico or porch of some centrally
located house. Judge of the election was not a
coveted office, and those eligible to the office
(persons who could read and write) often tried

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ti_i be excused from serving; but, as in Pantoja's
case, the office usually refused to let go of the
man.

Don Manuel Requena was appointed judge of
a certain district. He sent in his resignation on
the plea of sickness. The aj'untamiento was
about to accept it when some one reported that
Don Manuel was engaged in pruning his vine-
yard, whereupon a committee of investigation
was appointed, with Juan Temple, merchant, as
medical expert. The committee and the inpro-
vised doctor examined Don Manuel, and re-
ported that his indisposition did not prevent him
from pruning, but would incapacitate him from
serving as judge of the election. The mental
strain of a primary was more debilitating than
the physical strain of pruning. The right of elec-
tive franchise was not very highly prized by the
common people. In December, 1844, the pri-
mary election went by default because no one
voted.

The office of jueces del campos, or judges of
the plains, outlived the Mexican era and was

continued for a dozen years at least after llie
American conquest, and was abolished, or rather
fell into decadence, when cattle-raising ceased
to be the prevailing industry. The duties of the
judges were to hold rodeos (cattle gatherings)
and recojedas (horse gatherings) throughout
the district ; to settle all disputes and see that
justice was done between owners of stock.

From 1839 to 1846 the office of prefect exist-
ed. There were two in the territory, one for
northern California and one for the southern
district. The prefect was a sort of sub or assist-
ant governor. He was appointed by the gov-
ernor with the approbation of the departmental
assembly. All petitions for land and all appeals
from the decisions of the alcaldes were passed
upon by him before they were submitted to the
governor for final decisions. He had no author-
ity to make a final decision, but his opinions had
weight with the governor in determining the
disposal of a question. The residence of the pre-
fect for the southern district was Los Angeles.

CHAPTER XV.

THE HOMES AND HOME LIFE OF CALIFORNIANS IN THE ADOBE AGE.

CITIES in their growth and development
pass through distinctive ages in the kind
of material of which they are built. Most
of the cities of the United States began their
existence in the wooden age, and have pro-
gressed successively through the brick and stone
age, the iron age and are now entering upon
the steel age. The cities of the extreme south-
west— those of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and
Southern California — like ancient Babylon and
imperial Rome — began their existence in the
clay or adobe age. It took California three-
quarters of a century to emerge from the adobe
age. At the time of its final conquest by the
United States troops (January 10, 1847) there
was not within its limits (if I am rightly in-
formed) a building built of any other material
than adobe, or sun dried brick.

In the adobe age every man was his own arch-
itect and master builder. He had no choice of
material, or, rather, with his ease-loving disposi-
tion, he chose that which was most easily ob-
tained, and that was the tough black clay out of
which the sun dried bricks called "adobes" were
made.

The Indian was the brick-maker and he toiled
for his task-masters like the Hebrew of old for
the Egyptian, making bricks without straw —

and without pay. There were no labor strikes in
the building trades then. The Indian was the
builder as well as the brick-maker and he did
not know how to strike for higher wages, for the
very good reason that he received no wages.
He took his pittance in food and aguardiente,
the latter of which often brought him to enforced
service in the chain gang. The adobe bricks
were molded into form and set up to dry.
Through the long summer days they baked in
the hot sun, first on one side, then on the other ;
and when dried through they were laid in the
wall with mud mortar. Then the walls had to
dry, and dry perhaps through another summer
before the house was habitable.

^^'hen a new house was needed — and a house
was not built in the adobe age until there was
urgent need for it — the builder selected a site
and applied to the ayuntamiento, if a resident
of a town, for a grant of a piece of the pueblo
lands. If no one had a prior claim to the lot he
asked for, he was granted it. If he did not build
a house on it within a given time — usually a
year from the time the grant was made — any
citizen could denounce or file on the property
and with permission of the ayuntamiento take
possession of it ; but the council was lenient and
almost anv excuse secured an extension.

HISTORICAL AND r.IOGRAPHICAL RECORD,

In the ailobc age every man owned his own
house. No houses were built for rent nor for
sale on speculation. The real estate agent was
unknown. There were no hotels nor lodging
houses. When travelers or strangers paid a visit
to one of the old pueblos they were entertained
at private houses, or if no one opened his doors
to them they camped out or moved on to the
nearest mission, where they were sure of a
night's lodging.

The architecture of the adobe age had no
freaks or fads in it. Like the laws of the
Medes and Persians it altered not. There was,
with but very few exceptions, but one style of
house — the square walled, flat roofed, one story
structure — looking, as a writer of early time's
says : "Like so many brick kilns ready for the
burning." Although there were picturesque
homes in California under the Mexican regime,
and the quaint mission buildings of the Spanish
era were massive and imposing, yet the average
town house of the native Californian, with its
clay-colored adobe walls, its flat asphaltum-cov-
ered roof, its ground floor, its rawhide door and
its wooden or iron barred windows, was as de-
void of beauty without as it was of comfort and
convenience within.

The adobe age was not an aesthetic age. The
old pueblos were homely almost to ugliness.
The clay-colored houses that marked the lines
of the crooked and irregular streets were, with-
out, gloomy and uninviting. There was no glass
in the windows. There were no lawns in front,
no sidewalks, and no shade trees. The streets
were ungraded and unsprinkled and when the
dashing caballeros used them for race courses,
dense clouds of yellow dust enveloped the
houses.

There were no slaughter houses, and each
family had its own matanza in close proximity
to the kitchen, and in time the ghastly skulls of
the slaughtered bovines formed veritable gol-
gothas in back yards. The crows acted as scav-
engers and, w-hen not employed in the street
(lejiartment removing garbage, sat on the roofs
of the houses and cawed dismally. They in-
creased and multiplied until the "Plague of the
Crows" compelled the ayuntamiento of Los .An-
geles to ofifer a bounty for their destruction.

Rut even amid these homely surroundings
there were aesthetic souls that dreamed dreams
of beauty and saw visions of better and brighter
things for at least one of the old pueblos.
The famous speech of Regidor Leonardo Cota,
delivered before the ayuntamiento of Los An-
geles nearly sixty years ago, has been preserved
to us in the old pueblo archives. It stamps the
author as a man in advance of the age in which
he lived. It has in it the hopefulness of boom

literature, although somewhat saddened by the
gloom of uncongenial surroundings. "The
time has arrived," said he, "when the city of
Los Angeles begins to figure in the political
world, as it now finds itself the capital of the de-
partment. Now, to complete the necessary work
that, although it is but a small town, it should
proceed to show its beauty, its splendor and its
magnificence in such a manner that when the
traveler visits us he may say, T have seen the
City of the Angels ; I have seen the work of its
street commission, and all these demonstrate
that it is a Mexican paradise.' It is not so under
the present conditions, for the majority of its
buildings present a gloomy, a melancholy aspect,
a dark and forbidding aspect that resembles the
catacombs of Ancient Rome more than the habi-
tations of a free people. I present these propo-
sitions :

"First, that the government be requested to
enact measures so that within four months all
house fronts shall be plastered and whitewashed.

"Second, that all owners be requested to re-
pair the same or open the door for the denun-
ciator. If you adopt and enforce these meas-
ures, I shall feel that I have done something for
my city and my country."

Don Leonardo's eloquent appeal moved the
departmental assembly to enact a law requiring
the plastering and whitew-ashing of the house
fronts under a penalty of fines, ranging from $5
to $25, if the work was not done within a given
time. For awhile there was a plastering of
cracked walls, a whitening of house fronts and a
brightening of interiors. The sindico's account
book, in the old archives, contains a charge of
twelve reals for a fanega (one and one-half bush-
els) of lime, "to whitewash the court."*

Don Leonardo's dream of transforming the
"City of the Angels" into a Mexican paradise
was never realized. The fines were never col-
lected. The cracks in the walls widened and
were not filled. The whitewash faded from the
house fronts and was not renewed. The old
pueblo again took on the gloom of the cata-
combs.

The manners and customs of the people in the
adobe age were in keeping with its architecture.
There were no freaks and fads in their social life.
The fashions in dress and living did not change
suddenly. The few wealthy people in the town
and country dressed well, even extravagantly,
while the many poor ]ieople dressed sparingly —
if indeed some were dressed at all. Robinson de-
scribes the dress of Tomas Yorba, a wealthy
ranchero of the upper Santa Ana, as he saw him
in 1829: "I'pon his head he wore a black silk

*Tlio o

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

handkerchief, tlie four corners of which liung
ilown his neck behind. An embroidered shirt;
a cravat of white jaconet tastefully tied ; a blue
damask vest ; short clothes of crimson velvet ;
a bright green cloth jacket, with large silver
buttons, and shoes of embroidered deerskin
composed his dress. I was afterwards informed
by Don Alanuel (Dominguez) that on some oc-
casions, such as some particular feast day or fes-
tival, his entire display often exceeded in value
a thousand dollars."

The same authority (Robinson) says of the
women's dress at that time (1829) : "The dress
worn by the middle class of females is a chemise,
with short embroidered sleeves, richly trimmed
with lace ; a muslin petticoat, flounced with scar-
let and secured at the waist by a silk band of the
same color ; shoes of velvet or blue satin ; a cot-
ton reboso or scarf; pearl necklace and earrings,
with hair falling in broad plaits down the back."

Of the dress of the men in 1829, Robinson
says : 'A^ery few of the men have adopted our
mode of dress, the greater part adhering to the
ancient costume of the past century. Short
clotlies and a jacket trimmed with scarlet ; a silk
sash about the waist ; botas of ornamented deer-
skin and embroidered shoes ; the hair long,
braided and fastened behind with ribbons ; a
black silk handkerchief around the head, sur-
mounted by an oval and broad brimmed hat is
the dress usually worn by the men of Califor-
nia."

After the coming of the Hijar colony, in 1834,
there was a change in the fashions. The colo-
nists brought with them the latest fashions from
the city of Mexico. The men generally adopt-
ed calzoneras instead of the knee breeches or
short clothes of the last century. "The calzo-
neras were pantaloons with the exterior seam
open throughout its length. On the upper edge
was a striji of cloth, red, blue or black, in which
w ere the button-holes. On the other edge were
eyelet holes for the buttons. In some cases the
calzonera was sewn from the hip to the middle
of the thigh : in others, buttoned. From the mid-
dle of the thigh downward the log was covered
liy the bota or leggings, used by every one,
whatever his dress." The short jacket, with sil-
ver or bronze buttons, and the silken sash that
served as a connecting link between the calzo-
neras and the jacket, and also supplied the place
of what the Californians did not wear — suspen-
ders, this constituted a picturesque costume,
that continued in vogue until the conquest, and
with many of the natives for several years after it.
After 1834 the fashionable women of California
"exchanged their narrow skirts for more
(lowing garments and abandoned the braided
hair for the coil, and the large combs till then

in use, for smaller combs.''* For outer wraps
the serapa for men and the rcboza for women
were universally worn. The texture of these
marked the social standing of the wearer. It
ranged from cheap cotton and coarse serge to
the costliest silk and the finest of French broad-
cloth.

The legendary of the hearthstone and the fire-
side, which fills so large a place in tiie home life
of the Anglo Saxon, had no part in the domestic
system of the Californian, he had no hearthstone
and no fireside ; nor could that pleasing fiction of
Santa Claus' descent through the chinmey on
Christmas eve, that so delights the young chil-
dren of to-day, have had any meaning to the
youthful Californian of the old pueblo days.
There were no chimneys in the old pueblos. The
only means of warming the houses by artificial
heat was a pan of coals set on the floor. The
people lived out of doors in the open air and
invigorating sunshine. The houses were places
to sleep in or shelters from the rain. The kitch-
ens were detached from the living rooms. The
better class of dwellings usually had out of doors
or in an open shed, a beehive shaped earthen
oven, in wdiich the family baking was done. The
poorer class of the pueblanos cooked over a
campfire, with a flat stone (on which the tortillas
were baked) and a few pieces of pottery. The
culinary outfit was not extensive, even in the best
appointed kitchens.

Before the mission mill was built near San
Gabriel, the first mill constructed in Southern
California, the hand mill and the metete, or
grinding stone, were the only means of grinding
wdieat or corn. To obtain a supply of flour or
meal for a family by such a process was slow
and laborious, so the family very often dispensed
with bread in the bill of fare. Bread was not
the stafif of life in the old pueblo days. F.ccf
was the staple article of diet.

As lumber was scarce and hard to |)r(icure
most of the houses had earthen floors. The fur-
nitm-c was meager, a few benches, a rawhide
bottomed chair to sit on, a rough table, a chest
or two to keep the family finery in, a few cheaj)
prints of saints on the walls formed the decora-
tions and furnishings of the living rooms of the
connnon people. The bed w-as the pride and
ambition of the housewife and, even in humble
dwellings, sometimes a snowy counterpane and
lace trimmed pillows decorated a couch, whose
base w-as a bullock's hide stretched on a rough
frame of wood. A shrine dedicated to the patron
saint of the household was a very essential part
of a well-ordered home.

I'"ilial obedience and respect fur ]inrental an-

HISTORICAL AND lllOGRArillCAL RECORD.

tlmrity wxrc early impresseil upon the minds of
the children. A child was never too old or too
large to he exempt from punishment. Stephen
C. Foster used to relate an amusing case of par-
ental disciplining he once saw : An old lady of
60, a grandmother, was belaboring with a barrel
stave, her son, a man of 30 years of age. The
boy had done something that his mother did not
approve of. She sent for him to come over to
the maternal home, to receive his punishment.
He came. She took him out to the metaphorical
wood shed, which in this case was the portico of
her house, where she stood him up and pro-
ceeded to administer corporal punishment. With
the resounding thwacks of the barrel-stave she
would exclaim, 'Til teach you to behave your-
self! I'll mend your manners, sir! Now, you
will be good, won't you ?" The big man took his
punishment without a thought of resenting or
rebelling; in fact, he rather seemed to enjoy it.
It was, no doubt, a feeling and forcible reminder
of his boyhood days.

In the earlier days of California, before revo-
lutionary ideas had perverted the usages of the
people, great respect was shown to those in au-
thority and the authorities were strict in requir-
ing deference from their constituents. In the
Los Angeles archives of 1828 are the records of
an impeachment trial of Don Antonio M. Lugo,
held to depose him from the office of Judge of
the Plains. The principal duty of such a judge
was to decide cases of disputed ownership of
stray cattle and horses. Lugo seems to have
had a very exalted idea of the dignity of his
office. Among the complaints was one from
young Pedro Sanchez, who testified that Lugo
had tried to ride his horse over him in the street,
because he, Sanchez, would not take off his hat
to the judge and, remain standin;; uncovered
while Lugo rode past.

Lender Mexican domination there was no
tax levied on land and improvements. The
numici])al funds of the pueblos were obtained
from the revenue on wine antl brandy ; from
the licenses of saloons and other business
houses, from the tariff on imports, from per-
mits to give balls or dances, from the fines
of transgressors and from the tax on bull
rings an<l cock pits. Then men's pleasures and
vices paid the cost of governing. Although in
the early '40s the city of Los Angeles had a pop-
ulation of 2,000 the revenues did not exceed
$r,ooo a year; yet with this small amount the
municipal authorities ran a city government and
kept out of debt. It did not cost nnich then to
run a city government. There was no army
of high salaried officials then, with a horde of
political heelers, quartered on the nnmicipality
and fed from tlic public crib at the expense of

the taxpayer. Politicians may have been no
more honest then than now, but where there
was nothing to steal there was no stealing. The
old alcaldes and regidores were wise enough not
to put temptation in the way of the politicians,
and thus they kept them reasonably honest, or
at least tliey kept them from plundering the tax-
payers, by the simple expedient of having no
taxpayers. The only salaried officers in the days
when the Most Illustrious Ayuntamiento was
the ruling power in the city, were the secretary
of that body, the sindico or revenue collector and
the schoolmaster (that is when there was one).
The highest monthly salary paid the secretary,
who was also ex-officio clerk of the alcalde's
court, was $40; the sindico received a commis-
sion on collections and the schoolmaster was
paid $15 per month. If like Oliver Twist he
cried for more he was dismissed for evident un-
fitness for his duties; his unfitness appearing in
his inability to live on his meager salary.

The functions of the various departments of
the city government were most economically
performed. Street cleaning and the lighting of
the city were provided for on a sort of automatic
principle. There was an ordinance that required
each owner of a house, every Saturday, to sweep
and clean in front of his premises to the middle
of the street. His neighbor on the opposite
side met him half way and the street was swept
without expense to the city. There was another
ordinance that required each owner of a house
of more than two rooms on a principal street to
hang a lighted lantern in front of his door from
twilight to eight o'clock in winter and to nine
in summer. So the city was at no expense for
lighting. There were fines for neglect of these
duties. The crows had a contract for removing
the garbage. No garbage wagon with its aroma
of decay scented the atmosphere of the brown
adobe fronts in the days of long ago. There
were no fines imposed upon the crows for m-
glect of duty. Evidently they were efficient cil\
officials. Similar ordinances for lighting and
street sweeping were in force at Santa Barbara
and San Diego. At Santa Barbara they were
continued for at least a decade after the Amer-
ican occupation.

It is said "that every dog has his day." There
was one day each week that the dogs of Los
Angeles did not have on which to roam about ;
and that was Monday. Every Monday was dog
catcher's day, and was set apart by ordinance
for tlrt killing of tramp dogs. Woe betide the
unfortunate canine which on that day escaped
from his kennel, or broke loose from his tether.
A swift flying lasso encircled his neck and the
breath wa> quickly choked out of his body.
Mondav was n '"dies irae," an evil dav lo the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

youthful Angeleno with a dog, and the dog
catcher was abhorred and despised then as now
by every boy wlio possessed a canine pet.

There was no fire department in tlie old pueb-
los. The adobe houses with their clay walls,
earthen floors and rawhide doors were as nearly
fireproof as any human habitation could be
made. I doubt whether any muchacho of the
old regime ever saw a house on fire. The boys
of that day never experienced the thrilling pleas-
ure of running to a fire. What boys sometimes
miss by being born too soon ! There were no
paid police departments. Every able-bodied
young man was subject to military duty. A vol-
unteer guard or patrol was kept on duty at the
cuartel, or guard house. These guards policed

the pueblos, but they were not paid. jLach young
man had to take his turn at guard duty.

Niewed from our standpoint of higli civiliza-
tion, life in the old pueblo days was a monoton-
ous round of wearying sameness — uneventful
and uninteresting. The people of that day, how-
ever, managed to extract a great deal of pleasure
from it. Undoubtedly they missed — by living so
long ago — many things that we in this highly
enlightened age have come to regard as necessi-
ties of our existence; but they also missed the
harrowing cares, the vexations and the excessive
taxation, both mental and numlcipal, that pre-
maturely furrow our brows and whiten our
locks.

CHAPTER XVI.

ACQUISITION OF CALIFORNIA BY THE UNITED STATES-CAPTURE
OF LOS ANGELES.

THE acquisition of California by the United
States was the result of one of those
spasms of territorial expansion that seem
at certain periods to - take hold of the body
politic. It had been for several years a fore-
gone conclusion in the minds of the leading poli-
ticians of the then dominant party that the
inanifest destiny of California was to become
United States territory. The United States must
have a l^acific boundary, and those restless no-
mads, the pioneers of the west, must have new
country to colonize. England or France might
at any time seize the country ; and, as Mexico
must eventually lose California, it were better
that the United States should possess it than
some European power. All that was wanting
for the United States to seize and appropriate
it was a sufficient provocation by the Mexican
government. The ])rovocation came, but not
from Mexico.

Capt. John C. h'remont, an engineer and ex-
plorer in the services of tlie United States, ap-
l)eared at Monterey in January, 1846, and applied
to Gen. Castro, the military comandante, for
permission to buy supjilies for his party of sixty-
two men who were encamped in the San Joaquin
Valley, in what is now Kern County. Permis-
sion was given him. There seems to have been
a tacit agreement between Castro and Fremont
that the exploring party should not enter the
settlements, but early in March the whole force
was encamped in the Salinas valley. Castro re-
garded the marching of a body of armed men
through the country as an act of hostility, and
ordered them out of the couutrv. Instead of

leaving, Fremont intrenched himself on an emi-
nence known as Gabilian Peak (about thirty
miles from Monterey), raised the stars and
stripes over his barricade and defied Castro.
Castro maneuvered his troops on the plain be-
low, but did not attack Fremont. After two
days" waiting Fremont abandoned his position
and began his march northward. On May 9,
when near the Oregon line, he was overtaken by
Lieut. Gillespie, of the United States navy, with
a dispatch from the president. Gillespie had left
the United States in November, 1845, a"d, dis-
guised, had crossed IMexico from \'era Cruz to
Mazatlan, and from there had reached Monterey.
The exact nature of the dispatches to Fremont
is not known, but presumably they related to
the impending war between Mexico and the
United States, and the necessity for a prompt
seizure of the country to prevent it from falling
into the hands of Juigland. Fremont returned
to the Sacramento, where he encamped.

On the 14th of June, 1846, a body of American
settlers from tlie Napa and Sacramento valleys,
thirty-three in number, of which Ide, Semple,
Grigsby and Merritt seem to have been the lead-
ers, after a night's march, took possession of the
old Castillo or fort at Sonoma, with its rusty
muskets and unused cannon, and made Gen. M.
G. \'allejo, Lieut.-Col. Prudon, Capt. Salvador
Vallejo and Jacob P. Leese, a brother-in-law of
the \'allejos, prisoners. There seems to have
been no privates at the castillo — all officers.
Exactly what was the object of the American
settlers in taking Gen. \'allejo prisoner is not
evident. Gen. \allejo was one nf the few emi-

S)4

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ncnt Califoniians wlio favored the annexation
of California to the L'nited States. He is said
to have made a speech favoring such a move-
ment in the junta at Monterey a few months
before. Castro regarded him with suspicion.
The prisoners were sent under an armed escort
to Fremont's camp, ^\'illiam B. Ide was elected
captain of the revolutionists who remained at
Sonoma, to "hold the fort." He issued a pro-
nunciamento full of bombast, bad English and
worse orthography. He declared California a
free and independent state, under the name of
the California Republic. A nation must have a
flag of its own, so one was improvised. It was
made of a piece of cotton cloth, or manta, a yard
wide and five feet long. Strips of red flannel torn
from an old petticoat that had crossed the plains
were stitched on the manta for stripes. \Vith a
blacking brush, or, as another authority says,
the end of a chewed stick for a brush, and red-
berry juice for paint. W'ilham L. Todd painted
the figure of a grizzly bear rampant on the field
of the flag. The natives called Todd's bear "co-
chino" — a pig; it resemb'.ed that animal more
than a bear. A five-pointed star in the left upper
corner, painted with the same coloring matter,
and the words, "California Republic." printed
on it in ink, completed the famous bear-flag.

The California Republic was ushered into ex-
istence June 14, 1846, attained the acme of its
power July 4, when Ide and his fellow-patriots
burnt a quantity of powder in salutes, and fired
off oratorical pyrotechnics in honor of the new
republic. It utterly collapsed on the 9th of July,
after an existence of twenty-five days, when
news reached Sonoma that Commodore Sloat
had raised the stars and stripes at Monterey and
taken possession of California in the name of the
United States.

Commodore Sloat, who had anchored in Mon-
terey Bay July 2, 1846, was for a time imdecided
whether to take possession of the country. He
!iad no official information that war had 1)een de-
clared between the United States and Mexico ;
but, acting on the supposition that Capt. Fre-
mont had received definite instructions, on the
/th of July he raised the flag and took possession
of the custom-house and government buildings
at Monterey. Capt. Montgomery, on the 9th,
raised it at San Francisco, and on the same day
the Bear flag gave place to the stars and stripes
at Sonoma.

Gen. Castro was holding Santa Clara and San
Jose when he received Commodore Sloat's proc-
lamation informing him that the conuuodore
had taken possession of Monterey. Castro, after
reading the proclamation, which was written in
Spanish, formed his men in line, and. addressing
them, said : "Monterey is taken bv the .\meri-

cans. What can I do with a handful of men
against the United States? I am going to Mex-
ico. All of you who wish to follow me, 'About
face !' All that wish to remain can go to their
homes"* A very small part of hi.; force followed
him.

Commodore Sloat was superseded by Commo-
dore Stockton, who set about organizing an ex-
pedition to subjugate the southern part of the
territory which still remained loyal to ^lexico.
Fremont's exploring party, recruited to a bat-
talion of 160 men, had marched to ^Monterey, and
from there was sent by vessel to San Diego to
procure horses and prepare to act as cavalrv.
* * * * '

Let us now return to Los Angeles, and learn
how afYairs had progressed at the capital.

Pio Pico had entered upon the duties of the
governorship with a desire to bring peace and
liarmony to the distracted country. He appointed
Juan r)andini, one of the ablest statesmen of the
south, his secretary, .\fter Bandini resigned he
chose J. M. Covarrubias, and later Jose M. Mo-
reno filled the office.

The principal offices of the territory had been
divided equally between the politician.? of the
north and the south, ^^'h!le Los Angeles be-
came the capital, and the departmental assembly
met there, the military headquarters, the ar-
chives and the treasury remained at Monterey.
But notwithstanding this division of the spoils
of office, the old feud between the arribanos and
the abajenos would uot down, and soon the old-
time quarrel was on with all its bitterness. Cas-
tro, as military comandante, ignored the gov-
ernor, and Alvarado was regarded by the sureiios
as an emissary of Castro's. The departmental
assembly met at Los Angeles in IXIarch, 1846.
I'ico presided, and in his opening message set
forth the unfortimate condition of affairs in the
department. Education was neglected ; justice
was not administered : the missions were so bur-
dened by debt that but few of them could be
rented ; the army was disorganized and the treas-
ury empty.

Not even the danger of war with the .\nicri-
cans could make the warring factions forget
their fratricidal strife. Castro's proclamation
against Fremont was construed by the surenos
into a scheme to inveigle the governor to the
north so that the comandante-general could de-
pose him and seize the office lor himself. Cas-
tro's preparations to resist by force the encroach-
ments of the .Americans were believed, bv Pico
and the Angelenians. to be the fitting out of an
army to attack Los .Angeles and overthrow the
government.

Trail's irislory of .S.in Jose.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

On the ibth of June, Pico left Los .Angeles for
Monterey with a mihtary force of a hundred
men. The object of the expedition was to op-
pose, and, if possible, to depose Castro. He left
the capital under the care of the ayuntamiento.
On the 20th of June, Alcalde Gallardo reported to
the ayuntamiento that he had positive informa-
tion "that Don Castro had left Monterey and
would arrive here in tijree days with a military
force for the purpose of capturing the city."
(Castro had left Monterey with a force of 70
men, but he had gone north to San Jose.) The
sub-prefect, Don Abel Stearns, was authorized
to enlist troops to preserve order. On the 23d
of June, three companies were organized — an ar-
tillery company under ]\Iiguel Pryor, a company
of riflemen under Benito Wilson, and a cavalry
company under Gorge Palomares. Pico called
for re-inforcements, but just as he was preparing
to march against Monterey the news reached
him of the capture of Sonoma by the Americans,
and next day, June 24, the news reached Los An-
geles just as the cou.ncil had decided on a plan of
defense against Castro, who was 500 miles away.
Pico, on the impulse of the moment, issued a
proclamation, in which he arraigned the United
States for perfidy and treachery, and the gang
of "North American adventurers," who had cap-
tured Sonoma "with the blackest treason the
spirit of evil can invent." His arraignment of the
"North American Nation" was so severe that
some of his American friends in Los Angeles
took umbrage at his pronunciamento. He after-
wards tried to recall it, but it was too late ; it had
been published.

Castro, finding the "foreign adventurers" too
numerous and too aggressive in the northern
part of the territory, determined, with what men
lie could induce to go with him, to retreat to the
south ; but before so doing he sent a mediator
to Pico to negotiate a treaty of peace and amity
between the factions. On the 12th of July the two
armies met at Santa Margarita, near San Luis
Obispo. Castro brought the news that Commo-
dore Sloat had hoisted the United States flag
at Monterey and taken possession of the country
for his government. The meeting of the gov-
ernor and the comandante-general was not very
cordial, but in the presence of the impending
danger to the territory they concealed their mu-
tual dislike and decided to do their best to defend
the country they both loved.

Sorrowfully they began their retreat to the
capital; but even threatened disaster to their
common country could not wholly unite the
north and the south. The respective armies —
Castro's numbering about 150 men and Pico's
^20 — kept about a day's march apart. Thev
ronchod T.ns Angeles, ;ind prc]iarntions were be-

gun to resist the invasion of the Americans.
Pico issued ?. proclamation ordering all able-
bodied men between 15 and 60 years of age, na-
tive and naturalized, to take up arms to defend
the country ; any able-bodied Mexican refusing
was to be treated as a traitor. There was no
enthusiasm for the cause. The old factional
jealousy and distrust was as potent as ever. The
militia of the south would obey none but their
own officers ; Castro's troops, who considered
themselves regulars, ridiculed the raw recruits of
the surenos, while the naturalized foreigners of
American extraction secretly sympathized with
their own people.

Pico, to counteract the malign influence of his
Santa Barbara proclamation and enlist the sym-
pathy and more ready adhesion of the foreign
element of Los Angeles, issued the following
circular: (This circular or proclamation has
never before, found its way into print. I find no
allusion to it in Bancroft's or Hittell's Histories.
A copy, probably the only one in existence, was
donated some years since to the Historical So-
ciety of Soutliorn California. I am indebted to
Prof. Carlos Bransby for a most excellent trans-
lation.)

Gobierno del Dep.
de Californias.

"Circular. — As owing to the unfortunate
condition of things that now prevail in this de-
partment in consequence of the war into which
the United States has provoked the Mexican
Nation, some ill feeling might spring up between
the citizens of the two countries out of which
unfortunate occurrences might gi'ow, and as this
government desires to remove every cause of
friction, it has seen fit, in tlic use of its power, to
issue the present circular.

"The Government of the department of Cali-
fornia declares in the most solenni manner that
all the citizens of the United States that have
come lawfully into its territory, relying upon the
honest administration of the laws and the ob-
servance of the prevailing treaties, shall not be
molested in the least, and their lives and prop-
erty shall remain in perfect safety under the pro-
tection of the Mexican laws and authorities le-
gally constituted.

"Therefore, in the name of the Supreme Gov-
ernment of the Nation, and by virtue of the au-
thority vested upon me, I enjoin upon all the
inhabitants of California to observe towards the
citizens of the United States that have lawfully
conic among us, the kindest and most cordial

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

conduct, and to abstain from all acts of violence
against their persons or property ; provided they
remain neutral, as heretofore, and take no part
in the invasion effected by the armies of their
nation.

"The authorities of the various municipalities
and corporations will be held strictly responsible
for the faithful fulfillment of this order, and shall,
as soon as possible, take the necessary measures
to bring it to the knowledge of the people. God
and Libert v. Angeles, July 27, 1846.

"Pio Pico.
"Jose Matias Mareno,

"Secrelary pro teiii."

When we consider the conditions existing in
California at the time this circular was issued, its
sentiments reflect great credit on Pico for his hu-
manity and forbearance. A little over a month
before, a mob of Americans, many of them in the
country contrary to its laws, had without cause
or provocation seized Gen. \^allejo and several
other prominent Californians in their homes and
incarcerated them in prison at Sutter's Fort.
Nor was this outrage mitigated when the stars
and stripes were raised. The perpetrators of the
outrage were not punished. These native Cali-
fornians were kept in prison nearly two months
without any charge against them. Besides, Gov-
ernor Pico and the leading Californians very well
knew that the Americans whose lives and prop-
erty tliis proclamation was designed to protect
would not remain neutral when their country-
men invaded the territory. Pio Pico deserved
better treatment from the Americans than he re-
ceived. He was robbed of his landed posses-
sions by unscrupulous land sharks, and his char-
acter defamed by irresponsible historical scrib-
blers.

Pico made strenuous efiforts to raise men and
means to resist tlie threatened invasion. He had
mortgaged the government house to de Cells for
$2,000, the mortgage to be paid "as soon as or-
der shall be established in the department." This
loan was really negotiated to fit out the ex-
pedition against Castro, but a part of it was
expended after his return to Los Angeles in pro-
curing supplies while preparing to meet the
American army. The government had but little
credit. The moneyed men of the pueblo were
averse to putting money into what was almost
sure to prove a lost cause. The bickerings and
jealousies between the factions neutralized to a
considerable degree the efforts of Pico and Cas-
tro to mobilize the army.

Castro established his camp on the mesa
across the river, near where Mrs. Hollenbeck's
residence now is. Here he and .\ndres Pico un-
dertook to drill the somewhat incongruous col-

lection of hombres in military maneuvering.
Their entire force at no time exceeded 300 men.
These were poorly armed and lacking in dis-
cipline.

* * * *

We left Stockton at Monterey preparing an
expedition against Castro at Los Angeles. C^n
taking command of the Pacific squadron July 29,
he issued a proclamatiorik It was as bombastic
as the pronunciamento of a Mexican governor.
Bancroft says : "The paper was made up of false-
hood, of irrelevant issues and bombastic ranting
in about equal parts, the tone being offensive and
impolitic even in those inconsiderable portions
which were true and legitimate." His only ob-
ject in taking possession of the country was "to
save from destruction the lives and property of
the foreign residents and citizens of the territory
who had invoked his protection." In view of
Pico's humane circular and the imiform kind
treatment that the Californians accorded the
American residents, there was very little need of
Stockton's interference on that score.

Commodore Sloat did not approve of Stock-
ton's proclamation or his policy.

On the 6th of August Stockton reached San
Pedro and landed 360 sailors and marines. These
were drilled in military movements on land and
prepared for the march to Los Angeles.

Castro sent two commissioners — Pablo de La
Guerra and Jose M. Flores — to Stockton, asking
for a conference and a cessation of hostilities
while negotiations were pending. They asked
that the United States forces remain at San
Pedro while the terms of the treaty were under
discussion. These requests Commodore Stock-
ton peremptorily refused and the commissioners
returned to Los Angeles without stating the
terms on which they proposed to treat.

In several so-called histories, I find a very dra-
matic account of this intervievv. "On the arrival
of the commissioners they were marched up to
the mouth of an immense mortar shrouded in
skins save its huge aperture. Their terror and
discomfiture were plainly discernible. Stockton
received them with a stern and forbidding coun-
tenance, harshly demanding their mission, which
they disclosed in great confusion. They bore a
letter from Castro proposing a truce, each party
to hold its own possessions until a general pacifi-
cation could be had. This proposal Stockton
rejected with contempt, and dismissed the com-
missioners with the assurance that only an imme-
diate disbandment of his forces and an uncon-
ditional surrender would shield Castro from the
vengeance of an incensed foe. The messengers
remounted their horses in dismay and fled back
to Castro." The mortar story, it is needless to
s.'iv. is a nure fabrication, vet it nuis through a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

number of so-called histories of California. Cas-
tro, on the gth of August, held a council of war
with his ofificers at the Campo en La Mesa. He
announced his intention of leaving the country
for the purpose of reporting to the supreme gov-
ernment, and of returning at some future day to
punish the usurpers. He wrote to Pico : "I can
count on only loo men, badly armed, worse sup-
plied and discontented by reason of the miseries
they suffer ; so that I have reason to fear that not
even these few men will fight when the necessity
arises." And this is the force that some imag-
inative historians estimate at 800 to 1,000 men.

Pico and Castro left Los Angeles on the night
of August 10 for Mexico ; Castro going by the
Colorado river route to Sonora, and Pico, after
being concealed for a time by his brother-in-law,
Juan Froster, at the Santa Margarita and nar-
rowly escaping capture by Fremont's men, final-
ly reached Lower California and later on crossed
the gulf to Sonora.

Stockton began his march on Los Angeles,
August II. He took with him a battery of four
guns. The guns were mounted on carretas, and
each gun drawn by four oxen. He had with him
a good brass band.

Major Fremont, who had been sent to San
Diego with his battalion of 160 men, had, after
considerable skirmishing among the ranchos,
secured enough horses to move, and on the 8th
of August had begun his march to join Stockton.
He took with him 120 men, leaving about 40 to
garrison San Diego.

Stockton consumed three days on the march.
Fremont's troops joined him just south of the
city, and at 4 P. M. of the 13th the combined
force, numbering nearly 500 men, entered the
town without opposition, "our entry," says Ma-
jor Fremont, "having more the effect of a parade
of home guards than of an enemy taking posses-
sion of a conquered town." Stockton reported
finding at Castro's abandoned camp ten pieces
of artillery, four of them spiked. Fremont says
he (Castro) "had buried part of his guns." Cas-
tro's troops that he had brought down with him
took their departure for their northern homes
soon after their general left, breaking up into
small squads as they advanced. The southern
troops that Pico had recruited dispersed to their
homes before the arrival of the Americans.
Squads of Fremont's battalion were sent out to
, scour the country and bring in any of the Cali-
fornian officers or leading men whom they could

find. These, when found, were paroled. The
.'American troops encamped on the flat near
where the Southern Pacific Railroad now
crosses the river.

Another of those historical myths like the
mortar story named above, which is palmed off
on credulous readers as genuine history, runs as
follows : "Stockton, while en route from San
Pedro to Los Angeles, was informed by a cou-
rier from Castro 'that if he marched upon the
town he would find it the grave of himself and
men.' 'Then,' answered the commodore, 'tell
the general to have the bells ready to toll at
eight o'clock, as I shall be there by that time.' "
.As Castro left Los Angeles the day before Stock-
ton began his march from San Pedro, and when
the commodore entered the city the Alexican
general was probably 200 miles away, the bell
tolling myth goes to join its kindred myths in
the category of history, as it should not be writ-
ten.

On the 17th of August, Stockton issued a sec-
ond proclamation, in which he signs himself
commander-in-chief and governor of the terri-
tory of California. It was milder in tone and
more dignified than his first. He informed the
people that their country now belonged to the
United States. For the present it would be gov-
erned by martial law. They were invited to elect
their local officers if those now in office refused
to serve.

Four days after the capture of Los Angeles
the '■^^''arren," Capt. Hull commander, anchored
at San Pedro. She brought official notice of the
declaration of war between the United States and
Mexico. Then for the first time Stockton
learned that there had been an official declara-
tion of war between the two countries. LTnited
States officers had waged war and taken posses-
sion of California upon the strength of a rumor
that hostilities existed between the countries.

The conquest, if conquest it can be called, was
accomplished without the loss of a life, if we ex-
cept the two Americans, Fowler and Cowie, of
the Bear Flag party, who were brutally mur-
dered by a band of Californians under Padillo,
and the equally brutal shooting of Reryessa and
the two de Haro boys by the Americans at San
Rafael. These three men were shot as spies, but
there was no proof that they were such, and they
were not tried. These murders occurred before
Commodore Sloat raised the stars and stripes at
AFonterev.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER XVII.

SIEGE OF LOS ANGELES.

WITH California in his possession and the
official information that war had been
declared by the United States against
Mexico. Stockton set about organizing a govern-
ment for the conquered territory. Fremont was
to be appointed military governor. Detachments
from his battalion were to be detailed to garri-
son towns, while Stockton, with what recruits he
could gather in California and his sailors and ma-
rines, was to undertake a naval expedition
against the west coast of Mexico, land his forces
at Mazatlan or Acapulco and march overland
to "shake hands with General Taylor at the gates
of Mexico." Regarding the conquest of Cali-
fornia as complete, Commodore Stockton ap-
pointed Capt. Gillespie military commandant of
the southern department, with headquarters at
Los Angeles, and assigned him a garrison of
fifty men. He left Los Angeles for the north,
September 2. Fremont, with the remainder of
his battalion, took up his line of march for Mon-
terey a few days later. Gillespie's orders were to
place the city under martial law, but to remove
the more burdensome restrictions to quiet and
well-disposed citizens at his discretion, and a
conciliatory policy in accordance with instruc-
tions of the secretary of the navy was to be
adopted and the people were to be encouraged
to "neutrality, self-government and friendship."
Nearly all historians who have written upon
this subject lay the blame for the subsequent
uprising of the Califomians and their revolt
against the rule of the military commandant,
Gillespie, to his petty tyrannies. Col. J. J. War-
ner, in his Historical Sketch of Los Angeles
County, says : "Gillespie attempted by a coercive
system to effect a moral and social change in the
habits, diversions and pastimes of the people and
to reduce them to his standard of propriety."
Warner was not an impartial judge. He had a
grievance against Gillespie which embittered
him against the captain. Gillespie may have
been lacking in tact, and his schooling in the
navy under the tyrannical regime of the quarter-
deck of fifty years ago was not the best train-
ing to fit him for governing a people unused to
strict government, but it is hardly probable that
in two weeks' lime he could enforce any "coerc-
ive system" looking toward an entire change in
the moral and social h.ubits of the iicojjle. Los

Angeles, as we have learned in a previous chap-
ter, was a hotbed of revolutions. It had a
turbulent and restless element among its inhabit-
ants that was never happier than when foment-
ing strife and conspiring to overthrow those in
power. Of this class Colton, writing in 1846,
says: "They drift about like Arabs. If the tide
of fortune turns against them they disband and
scatter to the four winds. They never become
martyrs to any cause. They are too numerous
to be brought to punishment by any of their
governors and thus escape justice." There was a
conservative class in the territory made up prin-
cipally of the large landed proprietors, both na-
tive and foreign-born, but these exerted small in-
fluence in controlling the turbulent. ^Vhile Los
Angeles had a monopoly of this turbulent and
revolutionary element other settlements in the
territory furnished their full quota of that class
of political knights errant, whose chief pastime
was revolution, and whose capital consisted of a
gaily caparisoned steed, a riata, a lance, a dag-
ger and possibly a pair of horse pistols. These
were the fellows whose "habits, diversions and
pastimes" Gillespie undertook to reduce "to his
standard of propriety."

That Commodore Stockton should have left
Gillespie so small a garrison to hold the city and
surrounding country in subjection shows that
cither he was ignorant of the character of the
people, or that he placed too great reliance in
the completeness of their subjection. With
Castro's men in the city or dispersed among the
neighboring ranchos, many of them still retain-
ing their arms and all of them ready t(i rally at a
moment's notice to the call of their leaders; with
no reinforcements nearer than five hundred miles
to come to the aid of Gillespie in case of an up-
rising, it was foolhardiness in Stockton to en-
trust the holding of the most important ]ilaco
in California to a mere handful of men, half dis-
ciplined and poorly equipped, without fortifica-
tions for defense or supplies to hold out in case
of a siege.

Scarcely had Stockton and Fremont, with their
men. left the city before trouble began. The
turbulent element of the city fomented strife and
seized every occasion to annoy and harass the
militar\- cnmmandanl and his men. While his

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

abis uulhing more than the enforcement of mar-
tial law, may have been somewhat provocative,
the real cause was more deep-seated. The Cali-
fornians, without provocation on their part and
without really knowing the cause why, found
their country invaded, their property taken from
them and their government in the hands of an
alien race, foreign to them in customs and re-
ligion. They would have been a tame and spirit-
less people, indeed, had they neglected the op-
portunity that Stockton's blundering gave them
to regain their liberties. They did not waste
much time. Within two weeks from the time
Stockton sailed from San Pedro hostilities had
begun and the city was in a state of siege.

Gillespie, writing in the Sacramento States-
man in 1858, thus describes the first attack : "On
the 22d of September, at three o'clock in the
morning, a party of sixty-five Californians and
Sonorenos made an attack upon my small com-
mand cjuartered in the government house. We
were not wholly surprised, and with twenty-one
rifles we beat them back without loss to our-
selves,, killing and wounding three of their num-
ber. When daylight came Lieut. Hensley, with
a few men, took several prisoners and drove the
Californians from the town. This party was
merely the nucleus of a revolution commenced
and known to Colonel Fremont before he left
Los Angeles. In twenty-four hours 600 well-
mounted horsemen, and armed with escopetas
(shotguns), lances and one fine brass piece
of light artillery, surrounded Los Angeles and
summoned me to surrender. There were three old
honeycombed iron guns (spiked) in the corral of
my quarters, which we at once cleared and
mounted upon the axles of carts."

Serbulo Varela, a young man of some ability,
but of a turbulent and reckless character, had
been the leader at first, but as the uprising as-
sumed the character of a revolution, Castro's old
officers came to the front. Capt. Jose iMaria
Flores was chosen as comandante-general ; Jose
Antonio Carrillo, major-general ; and Andres
Pico, comandante de escuadron. The main camp
of the insurgents was located on the mesa, east
of the river, at a place called Paredon Blanco
(White Bluf¥), near the present residence of Mrs.
Hollenbeck.

On the 24th of September, from the camp at
White Blulif, was issued the famous Pronuncia-
miento de Barelas y otros Californios contra Los
Americanos (The Proclamation of Barelas and
other Californians against the Americans). It
was signed by Serbulo Varela (spelled Barelas),
Leonardo Cota and over three hundred others.
-Mthough this proclamation is generally credited
to Flores, there is no evidence to show that he
had anything to do with framing it. He promul-

gated it over his signature October i . It is prob-
able that it was written by Varela and Cota. It
has been the custom of American writers to
sneer at this production as florid and bombastic.
In fiery invective and fierce denunciation it is the
equal of Patrick Henry's famous "Give me lib-
erty or give me death !" Its recital of wrongs is
brief, but to the point : "And shall we be capable
of permitting ourselves to be subjugated and to
accept in silence the heavy chains of slavery?
Shall we lose the soil inherited from our fathers,
which cost them so much blood? Shall we leave
our families victims of the most barbarous servi-
tude ? Shall we wait to see our wives outraged,
our innocent children beaten by American whips,
our property sacked, our temples profaned — to
drag out a life full of shame and disgrace? No!
a thousand times no ! Compatriots, death rather
than that ! Who of you does not feel his heart
beat and his blood boil on contemplating our sit-
uation ? Who will be the Mexican that will not
be indignant and rise in arms to destroy our
oppressors? We believe there will be not one
so vile and cowardly !"

Gillespie had left the government house (lo-
cated on what is now the site of the St. Charles
Hotel) and taken a position on Fort Hill, where
he had erected a temporary barricade of sacks
filled with earth and had mounted his cannon
there. The Americans had been summoned to
surrender, but had refused. They were besieged
by the Californians. There was but little firing
between the combatants — an occasional sortie
and a volley of rifle balls by the Americans when
the Californians approached too near. The Cali-
fornians were well mounted, but poorly armed,
their weapons being principally muskets, shot-
guns, pistols, lances and riatas ; while the Amer-
icans were armed with long range rifles, of which
the Californians had a wholesome dread. The
fear of these arms and his cannon doubtless
saved Gillespie and his men from capture.

On the 24th Gillespie dispatched a messenger
to find Stockton at Monterey, or at San Fran-
cisco if he had left Monterey, and apprise him of
the perilous situation of the Americans at Los
Angeles. Gillespie's dispatch bearer, John
Brown, better known by his Californian nick-
name, Juan Flaco or Lean John, made one of
the most wonderful rides in history. Gillespie
furnished Juan Flaco with a package of cigar-
ettes, tlie paper of each bearing the inscription,
"Believe the bearer;" these were stamped with
Gillespie's seal. Brown started from Los An-
geles at 8 P. M., September 24, and claimed to
iiave reached Yerba Buena at 8 P. M. of the
28th, a ride of 630 miles in four days. This is
incorrect. Colton, who was alcalde of Monterey
at that time, notes Brown's arrival at that place

100

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

on the evening of the 29th. Colton, in his
"Three Years in California," says that Brown
rode the whole distance (Los Angeles to Mon-
terey) of 460 miles in fifty-two hours, during
which time he had not slept. His intelligence
was for Commodore Stockton, and, in the nature
of the case, was not committed to paper, except a
few words rolled in a cigar fastened in his hair.
But the Commodore had sailed for San Fran-
cisco, and it was necessary he should go 140
miles further. He was quite exhausted and was
allowed to sleep three hours. Before day he was
up and away on his journey. Gillespie, in a letter
puhlished in the Los Angeles Star, May 28, 1858,
describing Juan Flaco's ride, says : "Before sun-
rise of the 29th he was lying in the bushes at
San Francisco, in front of the Congress frigate,
waiting for the early market boat to come on
shore, and he delivered my dispatches to Com-
modore Stockton before 7 o'clock."

In trying to steal through the picket line of the
Mexicans at Los Angeles he was discovered and
pursued by a squad of them. A hot race ensued.
Finding the enemy gaining on him he forced his
horse to leap a wide ravine. A shot from one of
his pursuers mortally wounded his horse, which
after running a short distance fell dead. Flaco,
carrying his spurs and riata, made his way on
foot in the darkness to Los Virgines, a distance
of twenty-seven miles. Here he secured another
mount and again set off on his perilous journey.
The trail over which Flaco held his way was not
like "the road from Winchester town, a good,
broad highway leading down," but instead a
camino de heradura — a bridle path — now wind-
ing up through rocky canons, skirting along the
edge of precipitous cliffs, then zigzagging down
chaparral-covered mountains ; now over the
sands of the sea beach and again across long
stretches of brown mesa, winding through nar-
row valleys and out onto the rolling hills — a
trail as nature made it unchanged by the hand of
man. Such was the highway over which Flaco's
steeds "stretched away with utmost speed." Har-
assed and pursued by the enemy, facing death
night and day, with scarcely a stop or a stay to
eat or sleep, juan Flaco rode 600 miles.

"Of all the rides since the birth of time,
Told in story or sung in rhyme.
The fleetest ride that ever was sped,"
was Juan Flaco's ride from Los Angeles to San
Francisco. Longfellow has immortalized the
"Ride of Paul Revere," Robert Browning tells
in stirring verse of the riders who brought the
good news froiu Ghent to Aix, and Buchanan
Read thrills us with the heroic measures of Sher-
idan's Ride. No poet has sung of Juan Flaco's
wonderful ride, fleeter, longer and more perilous

than any of these. Flaco rode 600 miles through
the enemy's country, to bring aid to a besieged
garrison, while Revere and Jorris and Sheridan
were in the country of friends or protected by an
army from enemies.

Gillespie's situation was growing more and
more desperate each day. B. D. Wilson, who
with a company of riflemen had been on an ex-
pedition against the Indians, had been ordered
by Gillespie to join him. They reached the Chino
ranch, where a fight took place between them
and the Californians. Wilson's men being out
of ammunition were compelled to surrender. In
the charge upon the adobe, where Wilson and
his men had taken refuge, Carlos Ballestaros had
been killed and several Californians w'ounded.
This and Gillespie's stubborn resistance had em-
bittered the Californians against him and his
men. The Chino prisoners had been saved from
massacre after their surrender by the firmness
and bravery of Varela. If Gillespie continued to
hold the town his obstinacy might bring down
the vengeance of the Californians not only upon
him and his men, but upon many of the Amer-
ican residents of the south, who had favored
their countrymen.

Finally Flores issued his ultimatum to the
xA.mericans — surrender within twenty-four hours
or take the consequence of an onslaught by the
Californians, which might result in the massacre
of the entire garrison. In the meantime he kept
his cavalry deployed on the hills, completely in-
vesting the Americans. Despairing of assistance
from Stockton, on the advice of Wilson, who had
been permitted by Flores to intercede with Gil-
lespie, articles of capitulation were drawn up and
signed by Gillespie and the leaders of the Cali-
fornians. On the 30th of September the Ameri-
cans marched out of the city with all the honors
of war — drums beating, colors flying and two
pieces of artillery mounted on carts drawn by
oxen. They arrived at San Pedro without mo-
lestation, and four or five days later embarked on
the merchant ship Yandalia, which remained at
anchor in the bay. Gillespie in his march was ac-
companied by a few of the .A.merican residents
and probably a dozen of the Chino prisoners,
who had been exchanged for the same number of
Californians, whom he had held under arrest
most likely as hostages.

Gillespie took two cannon with him when he
evacuated the city and left two spiked and
broken on Fort Hill. There seems to have been
a proviso in the articles of capitulation requiring
him to deliver the guns to Flores on reaching the
embarcadero. If there was such a stipulation
Gillespie violated it. He spiked the guns, broke
off the trunnions and rolled one of them into the
bay.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER XVlll,

BATTLE OF DOMINGUEZ RANCH— FLORES GOVERNOR.

OF THE notable events occurring during
the conquest of California there are few
others of which there are so contradictory
accounts as of that known as the battle of Do-
minguez ranch. Capt. William Mervine, who
commanded the American forces in the fight,
made no official report, or if he did it was not
published. Historians, in their accounts of the
battle, have collected their data from hearsay and
not from written reports of officers engaged in it.
In regard to the number engaged and the num-
ber killed and wounded, even Bancroft, usually
the most reliable of California historians, has no
accurate report. The number engaged on the
American side varies with different authors from
250 to 400 ; and the number killed from four to
fifteen. It has been my good fortune, through
the kindness of Dr. J. E. Cowles of this city, to
obtain a log book of the U. S. frigate Savan-
nah, kept by his uncle, Robert C. Duvall, who
was an officer on that vessel. Midshipman and
Acting Lieut. Duvall had command of a company
of Colt's Riflemen in the battle. After his return
to the ship he wrote a full, clear and accurate
report of the march, battle and retreat. I tran-
scribe the greater portion of his account. It is
imdoubtedly the best report of that affair in ex-
istence. It will be recollected, as stated in a pre-
vious chapter, that Lieut. Gillespie had been left
l)y Commodore Stockton with a force of fifty
men to garrison Los Angeles. An insurrection,
headed by Flores and Valera, broke out. After
a siege of five or six days Gillespie and his men
evacuated the city and retreated to San Pedro.
Lieut. Gillespie, during the siege, sent a messen-
ger to Stockton at San Francisco asking for rein-
forcements. Juan Flaco, the courier, reached
San Francisco after a ride of 600 miles iri five
days. Commodore Stockton received the dis-
patches, or rather the message, of Gillespie's
courier on the 30th of September. Early on the
morning of October i the "Savannah," Capt.
William Mervine, was ordered to get under way
for San Pedro with a force to relieve Capt. Gil-
lespie.

"At 9:30 A. M.," says Lieut. Duvall, "we com-
menced working out of the harbor of San Fran-
cisco on the ebb tide. The ship anchored at
Saucelito, where, on account of a dense fog, it
remained until the 4th, when it put to sea. On

the 7th the ship entered the harbor of San Pe-
dro. At 6:30 P. M., as we were standing in for
anchorage, we made out the American merchant
ship Vandalia, having on her decks a body of
men. On passing she saluted with two guns,
which was repeated with three cheers, which we
returned. * * * Brevet Capt. Archibald
Gillespie came on board and reported that he
had evacuated the Pueblo de Los Angeles on ac-
count of the overpowering force of the enemy
and had retired with his men on board the "Van-
dalia" after having spiked his guns, one of which
he threw into the water. He also reported that
the whole of California below the pueblo had
risen in arms against our authorities, headed by
Flores, a Mexican captain on furlough in this
country, who had but a few days ago given his
parole of honor not to take up arms against the
United States. We made preparations to land a
force to march to the pueblo at daylight.

"October 8 (1846), at 6 A. M., all the boats left
the ship for the purpose of landing the forces,
numbering in all 299 men, including the volun-
teers, under command of Capt. Gillespie. At
6 :30 all were landed without opposition, the ene-
my in small detachments retreating toward the
pueblo. From their movements we apprehended
that their whole force was near. Capt. Mervine
sent on board ship for a reinforcement of eighty
men, under command of Lieut. R. B. Hitchcock.
At 8 A. M. the several companies, all under com-
mand of Capt. William Mervine, took up the line
of march for the purpose of retaking the pueblo.
The enemy retreated as our forces advanced.
(On landing, William A. Smith, first cabin boy,
was killed by the accidental discharge of a Colt's
pistol.) The reinforcements under the command
of Lieut. R. B. Hitchcock returned on board
ship. For the first four miles our march was
through hills and ravines, which the enemy
might have taken advantage of, but preferred to
occupy as spectators only, itntil our approach.
A few shots from our flankers (who were the
volunteer riflemen) would start them off; they
returning the compliment before going. The
remainder of our march was performed over a
continuous plain overgrown with wild mustard,
rising in places to six or eight feet in height.
The ground was excessively dry, the clouds of
dust were suffocating and there was not a breath

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

<if wind in motion. There wa.s no water on our
line of inarch for ten or twelve miles and we
suffered greatly from thirst.

"At 2 :30 P. M. we reached our camping
ground. The enemy appeared in considerable
numbers. Their numbers continued to increase
until towards sundown, when they formed on a
hill near us, gradually inclining towards our
camp. They wxre admirably formed for a cav-
alry charge. We drew up our forces' to meet
them, but finding they were disposed to remain
stationary, the marines, under command of
Capt. Marston, the Colt's riflemen, under com-
mand of Lieut. I. B. Carter and myself, and the
volunteers, under command of Capt. A. Gillespie,
were ordered to charge on them, which we did.
They stood their ground until our shots com-
menced 'telling' on them, when they took to flight
in every direction. They continued to annoy us
by firing into our camp through the night. About
2 A. M. they brought a piece of artillery and
fired into our camp, the shot striking the ground
near us.) The marines, riflemen and volunteers
were sent in pursuit of the gun, but could see or
hear nothing of it.

"We left our camp the next morning at 6
o'clock. Our plan of march was in column by
platoon. We had not proceeded far before the
enemy appeared before us drawn up on each side
of the road, mounted on fine horses, each man
armed with a lance and carbine. They also had
a field piece (a four-pounder), to which were
hitched eight or ten horses, placed on the road
ahead of us.

"Capt. Mervine, thinking it was the enemy's
intention to throw us into confusion by using
their gun on us loaded with round shot and cop-
per grape shot and then charge us with their
cavalry, ordered us to form a square — which was
the order of march throughout the battle. When
within about four hundred yards of them the
enemy opened on us with their artillery. We
made frequent charges, driving them before us,
and at one time causing them to leave some of
their cannon balls and cartridges ; but owing to
the rapidity with which they could carry off the
gun, using their lassos on every part, enabled
them to choose their own distance, entirely out
of all range of our muskets. Their horsemen
kept out of danger, apparently content to let the
gun do the fighting. They kept up a constant
fire with their carbines, but these did no harm.
The enemy numbered between 175 and 200
strong.

"Finding it impossible to capture the gun, the
retreat was sounded. The captain consulted
with his officers on the best steps to be taken. It
was decided unanimously to return on board
ship. To continue the march would sacrifice a

number of lives to no purpose, for, admitting we
could have reached the pueblo, all communica-
tions would be cut off with the ship, and we
would further be constantly annoyed by their ar-
tillery without the least chance of capturing it.
It was reported that the enemy were between
five and six hundred strong at the city and it
was thought he had more artillery. On retreat-
ing they got the gun planted on a hill ahead of
us.

"The captain made us an address, saying to
the troops that it was his intention to march
straight ahead in the same orderly manner in
which we had advanced, and that sooner than he
would surrender to such an enemy, he would sac-
rifice himself and every other man m his com-
mand. The enemy fired into us four times on
the retreat, the fourth shot falling short, the
report of the gun indicating a small quantity of
powder, after which they remained stationary
and manifested no further disposition to molest
us. ^^'e proceeded quietly on our march to the
landing, where we found a body of men under
command of Lieut. Hitchcock with two nine-
pounder cannon got from the Vandalia to render
us assistance in case we should need it.

"We presented truly a pitiable condition, many
being barely able to drag one foot after the
other from excessive fatigue, having gone
through the exertions and excitement m battle
and afterwards performing a march of eighteen
or twenty miles without rest.

"This is the first battle I have ever been en-
gaged in, and, having taken particular notice of
those around me, I can assert that no men could
have acted more bravely. Even when their ship-
mates were falling by their sides, I saw but one
impulse and that was 10 push forward, and when
the retreat was ordered I noticed a general re-
luctance to turn their backs to the enemy.

"The following is a list of the killed and
wounded :

"Michael Hoey (ordinary seaman), killed;
David Johnson (o. s.), kihed ; Wm. H. Berry
(o. s.), mortally wounded ; Charles Sommers
(musician), mortally wounded ; John Tyre (sea-
man), severely wounded; John Anderson (sea-
man), severely wounded ; recovery doubtful.
The following-named w-ere slightly wounded :
\\'illiani Conland (marine) ; Hiram Rockvill
(mar.); H. Linland (mar.); James Smith (mar.).

"On the following morning we buried the
bodies of William A. Smith, Charles Sommers,
David Johnson and Michael Hoey on an island in
the harbor.

".'\t II A. M. the captain called a council of
conmiissioned officers regarding the proper
course to adopt in the present crisis, which de-
cided that no force should be landed, and that

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

103

tlic ship remain here until further orders from
Ihe commodore, who is daily expected."

Entry in the log for Sunday, nth: "William
H. Berry (ordinary seaman) departed this life
from the effect of wounds received in battle. Sent
his body for interment to Dead Man's Island, so
named by us. Mustered the command at quar-
ters, after which performed divine service."

From this account it will be seen that the num-
ber killed and died of wounds received in battle
was four ; number wounded, six ; and one acci-
dentally killed before the battle. On October 22
Henry Lewis died and was buried on the island.
Lewis' name does not appear in the list of the
wounded. It is presumable that he died of dis-
ease. Six of the crew of the Savannah were
buried on Dead Man's Island, four of whom were
killed in battle. Lieut. Duvall gives the follow-
ing list of the officers in the "Expedition on the
march to retake Pueblo de Los Angeles" :

Capt. William Mervine, commanding.

Capt. Ward Marston, commanding marines.

Brevet Capt. A. H. Gillespie, commanding volun-
teers.

Lieut. Henry W. Queen, adjutant.

Lieut. B. F. Pinckney, commanding first company.

Lieut. W. RinckindofF, commanding second com-
pany.

Lieut. I. B. Carter, Colt's riflemen.

Midshipman R. D. Minor, acting lieutenant second
company.

Midshipman S. P. Griflin, acting lieutenant first
company.

Midshipman P. G. Walmough, acting lieutenant sec-
ond company.

Midshipman R. C. Duvall, acting lieutenant Colt's
riflemen.

Capt. Clark and Capt. Goodsall, commanding pike-
Lieut. Hensley, first lieutenant volunteers.

Lieut. Russeau, second lieutenant volunteers.

The piece of artillery that did such deadly
execution on the Americans was the famous Old
Woman's gun. It was a bronze four-pounder,
or pedrero (swivel-gun) that for a number of
years has stood on the plaza in front of the
church, and was used for firing salutes on feast
days and other occasions.

When on the approach of Stockton's and Fre-
mont's forces Castro abandoned his artillery and
fled, an old lady, Dofia Clara Cota de Reyes,
declared that the gringos should not have the
church's gun ; so, with the assistance of her
daughters, she buried it in a cane patch near her
residence, which stood on the east side of Ala-
meda street, near First.

When the Californians revolted against Gilles-
pie's rule the gun was unearthed and used
against him. The Historical Society of Southern
California has in its possession a brass grape-
shot, one of a charge that was fired into the face

lit I'ort Hill at Gillespie's men when Ihcy were
posted on the hill. This old gun was in the e.K-
hibit of trophies at the New Orleans Exposition
in 1885. The label on it read: "Trophy 53, No.
63, Class 7. Used by Mexico against the United
States at the battle of Dominguez' I^anch, Oc-
tober 9, 1846; at San Gabriel and the Mesa, Jan-
uary 8 and 9, 1847; used by the United States
forces against Mexico at Mazatlan, November
II, 1847; Urios (crew all killed or wounded),
Palos Prietos, December 13, 1847, ^nd Lower
California, at San Jose, February 15, 1848." It
should be obtained from the government and
brought back to Los Angeles. Before the battle
the old gun had been mounted on forward axle
of a Jersey wagon, which a man by the name of
Hunt had brought across the plains the year
before. It was lashed to the axle by means
of rawhide thongs, and was drawn by riatas, as
described by Lieut. Duvall. The range was ob-
tained by raising or lowering the pole of the
wagon. Ignacio Aguilar acted as gunner, and
having neither lanyard or pent-stock to fire it, he
touched off the gun with the lighted end of a
cigarette. Never before or since, perhaps, was
a battle won with such crude artillery. Jose An-
tonio Carrillo was in coinmand of the Califor-
nians. During the skirmishing of the first day
he had between 80 and 90 men. During the night
of the 8th Flores joined him with a force of 60
men. Next morning Flores returned to Los
Angeles, taking with him 20 men. Carrillo's
force in the battle numbered about 120 men.

Had Mervine known that the Californians had
fired their last shot — their pow-der being ex-
hausted— he could have pushed on and captured
the pueblo.

The expulsion of Gillespie's garrison from Los
Angeles and the defeat of Mervine's force raised
the spirits of the Californians, and there was
great rejoicing at the pueblo. Detachments of
Flores' army were kept at Sepulvedo's Rancho,
the Palos Verdes, and at Temple's Rancho of
the Cerritos, to watch the Savannah and report
^ny attempt at landing. The leaders of the re-
volt were not so sanguine of success as the rank
and file. They were without means to
procure arms and supplies. There was a scar-
city of ammunition, too. An inferior article of
gunpowder was manufactured in limited quanti-
ties at San Gabriel. The only uniformity in
weapons was in lances. These were rough,
home-made affairs, the blade beaten out of a
rasp or file, and the shaft a willow pole about
eight feet long. These weapons were formida-
ble in a charge against infantry, but easily par-
ried by a swordsman in a cavalry charge.

After the defeat of Mervine, Flores set about
reorganizing the territorial government. He

104

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

callcil togx-lluT llic departmental assembly. It
r.Kt ill the capital (Los Angeles) October 26tli.
The members present — Figueroa, Botello, Guer-
ra and Olvera — were all from the south. The
assembly decided to fill the place of governor,
vacated by Pico, and that of coniandante-gen-
eral, left vacant by the flight of Castro.

Jose Maria Flores, who was now recognized
as the leader of the revolt against American
rule, was chosen to fill both ofifices, and the two
offices, as had formerly been the custom, were
united in one person. He chose Narciso
Botello for his secretary. Flores, who was Mexi-
can born, was an intelligent and patriotic offi-
cer. He used every means in his power to
prepare his forces for the coming conflict with
the Americans, but with little success. The old
jealousy of the hijos del pais against the Mex-
ican would crop out, and it neutralized his ef-
forts. There were bickerings and complaints
in the ranks and among the officers. The na-
tives claimed that a Californian ought to be
chief in command.

The feeling of jealousy against Flores at
length culminated in open revolt. Flores had
decided to send the prisoners taken at the Chino
fight to Mexico. His object was twofold — first,
to enhance his own glory with the Mexican gov-
ernment, and, secondly, by showing what the
Californians had already accomplished to ob-
tain aid in the coming conflict. As most of these

men wore married to California wives, and by
marriage related to many of the leading Cali-
fornia families of the south, there was at once
a family uproar and fierce denunciations of
Flores. But as the Chino prisoners were for-
eigners, and had been taken while fighting
against the Mexican government, it was neces-
sary to disguise the hostility to Flores under
some other pretext. He was charged with the
design of running away to Sonora with the pub-
lic funds. On the night of December 3, Fran-
cisco Rico, at the head of a party of Californians,
took possession of the cuartel, or guard-house,
and arrested Flores. A special session of the as-
sembly was called to investigate the charges.

Flores expressed his willingness to give up
his purpose of sending the Chino prisoners to
Mexico, and the assembly found no foundation
to the charge of his design of running away
with the public funds, nor did they find any
funds to run away with. Flores was liberated,
and Rico imprisoned in turn.

Flores was really the last Mexican governor
of California. Like Pico, he was elected by the
territorial legislature, but he was not confirmed
by the Mexican congress. Generals Scott and
Taylor were keeping President Santa Anna and
his congress on the move so rapidly they had
no time to spare for California affairs.

Flores was governor from October 26, 1846,
to January 8, 1847.

CHAPTER XiX.

THE -SECOND CONQUEST OF CALIFORNIA.

STOCKTON with his flag ship, the Con-
gress, arrived at San Pedro on the 23d
of October, 1846. The Savannah was still
lying at anchor in the harbor. The commo-
dore had now at San Pedro a force of about
800 men ; but notwithstanding the contemptuous
opinion he held of the Californian soldiers, he
did not march against the pueblo. Stock-
ton in his report says : "Elated by this
transient success (Mervine's defeat), which
the enemy with his usual want of veracity mag-
nified into a great victory, they collected in large
bodies on all the adjacent hills and would not
l^ermit a hoof except their own horses to be
within fifty miles of San Pedro." But ''in the
face of their boasting insolence" Stockton landed
and again hoisted "the glorious stars in the
presence of their horse-covered hills." "The
enemy had driven off every animal, man and
beast, from that section of the country; and
it was not possible by any means in our power

to carry provisions for our march to the city."
Tl.e city was only 30 miles away and American
soldiers have been known to carry rations in
their haversacks for a march of 100 miles. The
"transient success" of the insolent enemy had
evidently made an impression on Stockton. He
estimated the Californian force in the vicinity
of the landing at 800 men, which was just about
700 too high. He determined to approach Los
Angeles by way of San Diego, and on the last
day of October he sailed for that port. B. D.
Wilson, Stephen C. Foster and others attribute
Stockton's abandonment of an attack on Los
Angeles from San Pedro to a trick played on
him by Jose Antonio Carrillo. Carrillo'was in
connnand of a detachment stationed at the Cer-
ritos and the Palos X'erdes. Carrillo was anx-
ious to obtain an interview with Stockton and
if possible secure a cessation of hostilities until
the war then progressing in Mexico should be
decided, thus settling the fate of California.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

lOS

B. D. Wilson, one of the Chino prisoners, was
sent with a Mexican sergeant to raise a white
flag as the boats of the Congress approached the
landing and present Carrillo's proposition for a
truce. Carrillo, with the intention of giving
Stockton an exaggerated idea of the number of
his troops and thus obtaining more favorable
terms in the proposed treaty, collected droves of
wild horses from the plains ; these his caballeros
kept in motion passing and repassing through
a gap in the hills, which was in plain view from
Stockton's vessel. Owing to the dust raised by
the cavalcade it was impossible to discover that
most of the horses were riderless. The troops
were signaled to return to the vessel, and the
commodore shortly afterwards sailed to San
Diego. Carrillo always regretted that he made
too much dcinonstration.

As an illustration of the literary trash that has
been palmed of¥ for California history, I give an
extract from Frost's Pictorial History of Cali-
fornia, a book written the year after the close
of the Mexican war, by Prof. John Frost, a noted
compiler of histories, who writes LL. D after
his name. It relates to Stockton's exploits at
San Pedro: "At the Rancho Sepulvida (The
Palos A^erdes) a large force of Californians were
posted. Commodore Stockton sent one hundred
men forward to receive the fire of the enemy
and then fall back on the main body without re-
turning it. The main body of Stockton's army
was formed in a triangle with the guns hid by
the men. By the retreat of the advance party
the enemy were decoyed close to tlie main force,
when the wings (of the triangle) were extended
and a deadly fire from the artillery opened upon
the astonished Californians. More than one
hundred were killed, the same number W'Ounded
and one hundred prisoners taken." The mathe-
matical accuracy of Stockton's artillerists was
truly astonishing. They killed a man for every
one wounded and took a prisoner for every man
they killed. As Flores' army never amounted
to more than three hundred, if we are to believe
Frost, Stockton had all the enemy "present or
accounted for." This silly fabrication of Frost's
runs through a number of so-called histories of
California. Stockton was a brave man and a
very energetic commander, but he would boast
of his achievements, and his reports were unre-
liable.

Fremont, who had sailed for the south in the
Sterling with i6o men to co-operate with Stock-
ton against Los Angeles, learned from the Van-
dalia on its voyage northward of Mervine's de-
feat and also that no horses could be obtained in
the south. He returned to Monterey and pro-
ceeded to recruit a force to move against Los
Angeles by land from Monterey. His recruits

were principally obtained from the recently ar-
rived immigrants. Each man was furnished
with a horse and was to receive $25 a month.
A force of about 450 was obtained. Fremont,
now raised to the rank of a lieutenant colonel,
left Monterey, November 17, and rendezvoused at
San Juan Bautista, where he remained to the
29th of the month organizing his battalion. On
the 29th of November he began his march south-
ward to co-operate with Stockton against Flores.

After the expulsion of Gillespie and his men
from Los Angeles, detachments from Flores'
army were sent to Santa Barbara and San Diego
to recapture these places. At Santa Barbara
Fremont had left nine men of his battalion under
Lieut. Theodore Talbot to garrison the town.
A demand was made on the garrison to surren-
der by Col. Garfias of Flores' army. Two hours
were given the Americans to decide. Instead
of surrendering they fell back into the hills,
where they remained three or four days, hop-
ing that reinforcements might be sent them from
Monterey. Their only subsistence was the flesh
of an old gray mare of Daniel Hill's that they
captured, brought into camp and killed. They
secured one of Micheltorena's soldiers who had
remained in the country and was living in a
cafion among the hills for a guide. He fur-
nished them a horse to carry their blankets and
conducted them through the mountains to the
San Joaquin valley. Here the guide left them
with the Indians, he returning to Santa Bar-
bara. The Indians fed them on chia (wild flax-
seed), mush and acorn bread. They traveled
down the San Joaquin valley. On their journey
they lived on the flesh of wild horses, 17 of
which they killed. After many hardships they
reached Monterey on the 8th of November,
where they joined Fremont's battalion. Elijah
Moulton of East Los Angeles is the only sur-
vivor of that heroic band. He has been a resi-
dent of Los Angeles for fifty-five years. I am
indebted to him for the above account.

Captain Merritt, of Fremont's battalion, had
been left at San Diego with 40 men to hold the
town when the battalion marched north to co-
operate with Stockton against Los Angeles.
Immediately after Gille.^pie's retreat, Francisco
Rico was sent with 50 men to capture the place.
He was joined by recruits at San Diego. Mer-
ritt, being in no condition to stand a siege, took
refuge on board the .American whale ship Ston-
ington, which was lying at anchor. After re-
maining on board the Stonington ten days, tak-
ing advantage of the laxity of discipline among
the Californians, he stole a march on them, re-
capturing the town and one piece of their artil-
lery. He sent Don Miguel de Pedrorena, who
was one of his allies, in a whale boat with four

106

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

sailors to San IV-dro to obtain supplies and as-
sistance. Pcdrorena arrived at San Pedro on
the 13th of October with Merritt's dispatches.
Captain Mervine chartered the whale ship Mag-
nolia, which was lying in the San Pedro harbor,
and dispatched Lieut. Minor and Alidshipnien
Duvall and Morgan with 35 sailors and 15 of
Gillespie's volunteers to reinforce Merritt. They
reached San Diego on the i6th. The combined
forces of Minor and Merritt, numbering about
90 men, put in the greater part of the next two
weeks in dragging cannon from the old fort and
mounting them at their barracks, which were lo-
cated on the hill at the edge of the plain on the
west side of the town, convenient to water. They
succeeded in mounting six brass 9-pounders and
building two bastions of adobes, taken from an
old house. There was constant skirmishing be-
tween the hostile parties, but few fatalities. The
Americans claimed to have killed three of the
enemy, and one American was ambushed and
killed.

The Californians kept well out of range, but
prevented the Americans from obtaining sup-
plies. Their provisions were nearly exhausted,
and when reduced to almost the last extreme
they made a successful foraging expedition and
procured a supply of mutton. Midshipman Du-
vall thus describes tlie adventure : "We had
with us an Indian (chief of a numerous tribe)
who, from his knowledge of the country, we
thought could avoid the enemy : and getting
news of a number of sheep about thirty-five miles
to the south on the coast, we determined to send
him with his companion to drive them onto an
island which at low tide connected with the main-
land. In a few days a signal was made on the
island, and the boats of the whale ship Stoning-
ton, stationed ofif the island, were sent to it.
Our good old Indian had managed, through
his cunning and by keeping concealed in ra-
vines, to drive onto the island about 600 sheep,
but his companion had been caught and killed
by the enemy. I shall never forget his fam-
ished appearance, but pride in his Indian
triumph could be seen playing in his dark eyes.

■'For thirty or forty days we were constantly
expecting, from the movements of the enemy,
an attack, soldiers and oflficers sleeping on their
arms and ready for action. About the ist of
November Commodore Stockton arrived, and,
after landing Capt. Gillespie with his company
and about 43 marines, he suddenly disappeared,
leaving Lieut. Minor governor of the place and
Cai^t. Gillespie commandant."*

h'oraging cimtinucd, the whale ship Stoning-
toii, which had been impressed into the govcrn-

^Log Book of Acting Lieutenant Duvall.

nieul service, being used tn take jiarlics down
the coast, who made raids inland and brought
back with them cattle and horses.

It was probably on one of these excursions that
the flag-making episode occurred, of which there
are more versions than Homer had birthplaces.
The correct version of the story is as follows :
A party had been sent under command of Lieut.
Hensley to Juan Bandini's rancho in Lower
California to bring up bands of cattle and horses.
Bandini was an adherent of the American cause.
He and his family returned with the cavalcade
to San Diego. At their last camping place before
reaching the town Hensley, in a conversation
with Bandini, regretted they had no flag with
them to display on their entry into the town.
Senora Bandini volunteered to make one, which
she did from red, white and blue dresses of her
children. This flag, fastened to a staff, was car-
ried at the head of the cavalcade when it made
its triumphal entry into San Diego. The Mex-
ican government confiscated Bandini's ranches
in Lower California on account of his friend-
ship to the Americans during the war.

Skirmishing continued almost daily. Jose
Antonio Carrillo was now in command of the
Californians, their force numbering about 100
men. Commodore Stockton returned and de-
cided to fortify. Midshipman Duvall, in the
Log Book referred to in the previous chapter,
thus describes the fort : "The commodore now
commenced to fortify the hill which overlooked
the town by building a fort constructed by pla-
cing 300 gallon casks full of sand close together.
The inclosure was twenty by thirty yards. A
bank of earth and small gravel was thrown
up in front as high as the top of the casks
and a ditch dug around on the outside. Inside
a ball-proof vault or ketch was built out of plank
and lined on the inside with adobes, on top of
which a swivel was mounted. The entrance was
guarded by a strong gate, with a drawbridge in
front across the ditch or moat. The whole forti-
fication was completed and the guns mounted on
it in about three weeks. Our men working on
the fort were on short allowance of beef and
wheat, and for a time without bread, tea. sugar
or cofTee, many of them being destitute of shoes,
but there were few complaints.

"About the first of December, information
having been received that Gen. Kearnv was at
Warner's Pass, about 80 miles distant, with 100
dragoons on his march to San Diego, Commo-
dore Stockton immediately sent an escort of 50
men under conmiand of Cajit. Gilles])ie, accom-
panied by Past Midshipmen Beale and Duncan,
liaving with them one piece of artillery. They
reached Gen. Kearny without molestation. On
the march the combined force was surprised by

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Ki;

about 93 Californians at San Pasqual, under
command of Andres Pico, who had been sent to
that part of the country to drive ofif all the cattle
and horses to prevent us from getting them. In
the battle that ensued Gen. Kearny lost in killed
Captains Johnston and Moore and Lieutenant
Hammond and 15 dragoons. Seventeen dra-
goons were severely wounded. The enemy cap- ■
tured one piece of artillery. Gen. Kearny and
Captains Gillespie and Gibson were severely
wounded; also one of the engineer officers.
Some of the dragoons have since died."

* -'f ":|: :;: ^ * *

"After the engagement, Gen. Kearny took po-
sition on a hill covcrotl with large rocks. It was
well suited for defense. Lieut. Godey, of Gilles-
pie's volunteers, the night after the battle, es-
caped through the enemy's line of sentries and
came in with a letter from Capt. Turner to the
commodore. Whilst among the rocks, Past
Midshipman Beale and Kit Carson managed,
under cover of night, to pass out through the
enemy's ranks, and after three days' and nights'
hard marching through the mountains without
water, succeeded in getting safely into San
Diego, completely famished. Soon after arriv-
ing, Lieut. Beale fainted away, and for some
days entirely lost his reason."

On the night of Beale's arrival, December 9,
about 9 P. M., detachments of 200 sailors and
marines from the Congress and Portsmouth,
imder the immediate command of Capt. Zeilin,
assisted b>' Lieutenants Gray, Hunter, Renshaw,
Parrish, Thompson and Tilghman, and Mid-
shipmen Duvall and Morgan, each man carry-
ing a blanket, three pounds of jerked beef and
the same of hardtack, l)egan their march to re-
lieve Gen. Kearny. They marched all night and
camped on a chaparral-covered mountain dur-
ing the day. At 4 A. M. of the second night's"
march they reached Kearny's camp, surprising
liini. Godey, who had been sent ahead to inform
Kearny that assistance was coming, had been
captured by the enemy. Gen. Kearny had burnt
and destroyed all his baggage and camp cqui-
])age, saddles, bridles, clothing, etc., preparatory
to forcing his way through the enemy's line.
Burdened with his wounded, it is doubtful
whether he could have escaped. Midshipman
Duvall says : "It would not be a hazard of opin-
ion to say he would have been overpowered and
compelled to surrender." The enemy disappeared
on the arrival of reinforcements. The relief ex-
pedition, with Kearny's men, reached San Diego
after two days' march.

A brief explanation of why Kearny was at
San Pasqual may be necessary. In June, 1846,
Gen. Stephen \V. Kearny, commander of llic
army of the west, as his conmiand was desig-

nated, IcJt I'urt Leavenworth with a force of
regulars to take possession of New Mexico.
The conquest of that territory was accomplished
without a battle. Under orders from the war
department Kearny began his march to Califor-
nia with a part of his force to co-operate with
the naval forces there. October 6, near Socorro.
N. M., he met Kit Carson with an escort of 15
men, en route from Los Angeles to Washington,
bearing dispatches from Stockton, giving the
report of the conquest of California. Kearny
required Carson to turn back and act as his
guide. Carson was very unwilling to do so, as
he was within a few days' journey of his home
and family, from whom he had been separated
for nearly two years. He hail been guide for
Fremont on his exploring expedition. He, how-
ever, obeyed Kearny's orders.

' General Kearny sent back about 300 of his
men, taking with him 120. After a toilsome
march by way of the Pima villages, Tucson, the
Gila and across the Colorado desert, they
reached the Indian village of San Pasqual, (about
40 miles from San Diego), where the battle was
fought. It was the bloodiest battle of the con-
quest ; Kearny's men, at daybreak, riding on
broken-down mules and half-broken horses, in
an irregular and disorderly line, charged the
Californians. While the American line was
stretched out over the plain Capt. Andres Pico,
who was in command, wheeled his column and
charged the Americans. A fierce hand-to-hand
fight ensued, the Californians using their lances
and lariats, the .Vmericans clubbed guns and
sabers. Of Kearny's command 18 men were
killed and 19 wounded; three of the wounded
died. Only one, Capt. Abraham R. Johnston
(a relative of the author's), was killed by a gun-
shot ; all the others were lanced. The mules to
one of the liowitzers became unmanageable antl
ran into the enemy's lines. The driver was
killed and the gun captured. One Californian
was captured and several slightly wounded ;
none was killed. Less than half of Kearny's
160 men took part in the battle. Ilis loss in
killed and wounded was fifty per cent of those
engaged. Dr. John S. Griffin, for many years a
leading physician of Los Angeles, was the sur-
geon of the command.

The foraging expeditions in Lower California
having been quite successful in bringing in cat-
tle, horses and nniles, Connnodore Stockton
hastened his preparation for marching against
Los Angeles. Tlie enemy obtained information
of the projected movement and left for the
pueblo.

"The Cyane having arrived." .says Duvall,
"our force was increased to about 600 men,
most of whom, miderstanding the drill, per-

ins

HISTORICAL AND I'.IOGRArillCAL RECORD.

formed the evolutions like regular soldiers.
Hverything being ready for our departure, the
commodore left Capt. Alontgomery and ofificers
in command of tlie town, and on the 29th of
December took up his line of march for An-
geles. Gen. Kearny was second in command
and having the immediate arrangement of the
forces, reserving for himself the prerogative
which his rank necessarily imposed upon him.
Owing to the weak state of our oxen we had
not crossed the dry bed of the river San Diego
before they began breaking down, and the carts,
which were 30 or 40 in number, had to be
dragged by the men. The general urged on
the commodore that it was useless to commence
such a march as was before us with our present
means of transportation, but the commodore
insisted on performing at least one day's march
even if we should have to return the next. We
succeeded in reaching the valley of the Soledad
that night by dragging our carts. Next day
the commodore proposed to go six miles far-
ther, which we accomplished, and then contin-
ued six miles farther. Having obtained some
fresh oxen, by assisting the carts up hill, we
made ten to twelve miles a day. At San Luis
Key we secured men, carts and oxen, and after
that our day's marches ranged from 15 to 22
miles a day.

"The third day out from San Luis Rey a white
flag was seen ahead, the bearer of which had a
communication from Flores, signing himself
'Conmiander-in-Chief and Governor of Califor-
nia,' asking for a conference for the purpose of
coming to terms, which would be alike "honora-
ble to both countries.' The commodore refused
to answer him in writing, saying to the bearer
of the truce that his answer was, 'he knew no
such person as Governor Flores, that he himself
w^as the only governor in California: that he
knew a rebel by that name, a man who had given
his parole of honor not to take up arms against
the government of the Cnited States, who, if
the people of California now in arms against
the forces of the United States would deliver
up, he (Stockton) would treat with them on con-
dition that they surrender their arms and retire
peaceably to their homes and he would grant
them, as citizens of the United States, protection
from further molestation.' This the embassy
refused to entertain, saying 'they would prefer
to die with Flores than to surrender on such
terms.'

"On the 8th of January, 1847, they met us on
the banks of the river San Gabriel with between
five and six lumdred men mounted on good
horses and armed with lances and carbines, liav-
ing ;ilsn four pieces of artillery planted nu llie

heights about 350 yards distant from the river.
Owing to circumstances which have occurred
since the surrender of the enemy, I prefer not
mentioning the particulars of this day's battle
and also that of the day following, or of refer-
ring to individuals concerned in the successful
management of our forces." (^The circumstance
"to which Lieut. Duvall refers was undoubtedly
the quarrel between Stockton and Kearny after
the capture of Los Angeles.) "It is sufificient to
say that on the 8th of January we succeeded in
crossing the river and driving the enemy from
the heights. Having resisted all tlieir charges,
dismounted one of their pieces and put them
to flight in every direction, we encamped on the
ground they had occupied during the fight.

"The next day the Californians met us on the
Plains of the Mesa. For a time the fighting was
carried on by both sides with artillery, but that
proving too hot for them they concentrated their
whole force in a line ahead of us, and at a given
signal divided from the center and came down
on us like a tornado, charging us on all sides at
the same time ; but they were effectually defeated
and fled in every direction in the utmost confu-
sion. Many of their horses were left dead on the
field. Their loss in the two battles, as given by
Andres Pico, second in command, was 83 killed
and wounded ; our loss, three killed (one acci-
dentally) and 15 or 20 wounded, none danger-
ously. The enemy abandoned two pieces of artil-
lery in an Indian village near by."

i have given at considerable length Midship-
man Duvall's account of Stockton's march from
San Diego and of the two battles fought, not be-
cause it is the fullest account of those events, but
because it is original historical matter — never
having appeared in print before — and also be-
cause it is the observations of a participant writ-
ten at the time the events occurred. In it the
losses of the enemy are greatly exaggerated, but
that was a fault of his superior officers as well.
Commodore Stockton, in his official reports of
the two battles, gives the enemy's loss in killed
and wounded "between seventy and eighty."
And Gen. Kearny, in his report of the battle of
San Pasqual, claimed it as a victory, and states
that the enemy left six dead on the field. The
actual loss of the Californians in the two battles
(San Gabriel River and La Mesa) was three
killed and ten or twelve wounded.*

While the events recorded in this chapter were
transpiring at San Diego and its vicinity, what
w^as the state of affairs in the capital, Los An-
geles? After the exultation and rejoicing over
the expulsion of Gillespie's garrison, Mervine's

*Tlic killed were Igiiacio SepuIvefl.T, Fr.incisco
Riiliin, .mid Kl Gii.iymefKi, .n Vaiitii Indian.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

109

defeat and the victury over Kearny at San Pas-
qual there came a reaction. Dissensions con-
tinued between the leaders. There was lack of
arms and laxit\- of discipline. The army was but
little better than a mob. Obedience to orders
of a superior was foreign to the nature of a Cali-
fornian. His wild, free life in the saddle made
him impatient of all restraint. Then the impossi-
bility of successful resistance against the .\meri-
cans became more and more apparent as the final
conflict approached. Fremont's army was
moving down on the doomed city from the north
and Stockton's was coming up from the south.
Either one of these, in numbers, exceeded the
force that Flores could bring into action ; com-
bined they would crush him out of existence.
The Californian troops were greatly discouraged,
and it was with great difficulty that the officers
kept their men together. There was another and
more potent element of disintegration. Many of
the wealthier natives and all the foreigners, re-
garding the contest as hopeless, secretly favored
the American cause, and it was only through fear
of loss of property that they furnished Flores
and his officers any supplies for the army.

During the latter part of December and the
first days of January Flores' army was stationed
at San Fernando Mission, on the lookout for
Fremont's battalion ; but the more rapid advance
of Stockton's army compelled a change of base.
On the 6th and 7th of January, Flores moved his
army back secretly through the Cahuenga Pass,
and, passing to the southward of the city, took
position where La Jaboneria (the soap factory)
road crosses the San Gabriel river. Here his

men were stationed in the thick willows to give
Stockton a surprise. Stockton received informa-
tion of the trap set for him, and after leaving
the Los Coyotes swung off to the right until he
struck the Upper Santa .'\na road. The Califor-
nians had barely time to efifect a change of base
and get their cannon planted when the Ameri-
cans arrived at the crossing.

Stockton called the engagement there the bat-
tle of the San Gabriel river; the Califomians
call it the battle of Paso de Bartolo, which is the
better name. The place where the battle was
fought is on the bluff just south of the Upper
Santa Ana road, near where the Southern Cali-
fornia Railroad crosses the Old San Gabriel
river. (The ford or crossing was formerly known
as Pico's Crossing.) There was, at the time of
the battle, but one San Gabriel river. The new
river channel was made in the great flood of
1868. What Stockton, Emory, Duvall and other
-American officers call the battle of the "Plains of
the Mesa" the Californians call the battle of La
Mesa, which is most decidedly a better name
than the "Plains of the Plain." It was fought
at a ravine. The Cafiada de Los Alisos, near the
southeastern corner of the city's boundary. In
these battles the Californians had four pieces of
artillery, two iron nine-pounders, the Old Wo-
man's gun and the howitzer captured from
Kearny. Their powder was very poor. It was
made at San Gabriel. It was owing to this that
they did so little execution in the fight. That
the Californians escaped with so little punish-
ment was probably due to the wretched marks-
manship of Stockton's sailors and marines.

CHAPTER XX.

OCCUPATION OF LOS ANGELES— BUILDING OF FORT MOORE.

ftFTER the battle of La Mesa, the Ameri-
cans, keeping to the south, crossed the
river at about the point where the south
boundary line of the city crosses it, and en-
camped on the right bank. Here, under a willow
tree, those killed in battle were buried. Lieut.
Emory, in his "Notes of a Military Reconnois-
sance," says : "The town, known to contain great
(juantities of wine and aguardiente, was four
miles distant (four miles from the battlefield).
From previous experience of the difficulty of
controlling men when entering towns, it was de-
termined to cross the river San Fernando (Los
Angeles'), halt there for the night and enter the
town in the nmrning. with the whole day before

AfH

.itched

came down from the hills, and 400 horsenu'n
with four pieces of artillery drew off towards the
town, in order and regularity, whilst about sixty
made a movement down the river on our rear
and left flank. This led us to suppose they were
not yet wdiipped, as we thought, and that we
should have a night attack.

"January 10. — Just as we had raised our camp,
a flag of truce borne by Mr. Celis, a Castilian,
Mr. Workman, an Englishman, and Alvarado,
the owner of the rancho at the Alisos, was
brought into camp. They proposed, on behalf
of the Californians, to surrender their dear City
of the Angels, provided we would respect prop-
erty and persons. This was agreed to, I)Ut not
altogether trusting to the honesty of Gen.
I'liires. who had once broken his parole, we

HISTORICAL AND BIOCKAI'H HAL RECORD.

inii\i.Ml iiilu tlic tuwii ill the same uriler w c
should have done if expceling an attack.

"It was a wise precaution, for the streets were
full of desperate and drunken fellows, who bran-
dished their arms and saluted us with every
term of reproach. The crest, overlooking the
town, in rifle range, was covered with horsemen
engaged in the same hospitable manner.

"Our men marched steadily on, until crossing
the ravine leading into the public square (plaza),
when a fight took place amongst the Californians
on the hill ; one became disarmed, and to avoid
death rolled down the hill towards us, his adver-
sary pursuing and lancing him in the most cold-
blooded manner. The man tumbling down the
hill was supposed to be one of our vaqueros, and
the cry of 'rescue him !' was raised. The crew of
the Cyane, nearest the scene, at once and with-
out any orders, halted and gave the man that
was lancing him a volley ; strange to say, he did
not fall. The general gave the jack tars a curs-
ing, not so much for the firing without orders,
as for their bad marksmanship."

Shortly after the above episode, the Califor-
nians did open fire from the hill on the vaqueros
in charge of the cattle. (These vaqueros were
Californians in the employ of the Americans and
were regarded by their countrymen as traitors.)
.\ company of riflemen was ordered to clear the
hill. A single volley effected this — killing two
of the enemy. This was the last bloodshed in
the war ; and the second conquest of California
was completed as the first hacl been by the cap-
ture of Los Angeles. Two hundred men, with
two pieces of artillery, were stationed on the
hill.

The Angelenos did not exactly welcome the
invaders with "bloody hands to inhospitable
graves," but they did their best to let them
know they were not wanted. The better class of
the native inhabitants closed their houses and
took refuge with foreign residents or went to the
ranchos of their friends in the country. The fel-
lows of the baser sort, who were in possession of
the city, exhausted their vocabularies of abuse on
the invading gringos.

There was one paisano who excelled all his
countrymen in this species of warfare. It is a
pity his name has not been preserved in history
with that of other famous scolds and kickers.
He rode by the side of the advancing column
up Main street, firing volleys of invectives and
denunciation at the hated gringos. At certain
points of his tirade he worked himself up to such
a pitch of indignation that language failed him;
then he would solemnly go through the motions
of "make ready, take aim!" with an old shotgun
he carried, but when it came to the order, "fire !"
discrelinn got the bcdcr of his valc.r; he lowered

his gun and began again, tiring iii\ective at the
gringo soldiers; his mouth would go off if his
gun would not.

Commodore Stockton's hcad(|uartcrs were in
the Abila House, the second house on Olvera
street, north of the plaza. The building is still
standing, but has undergone many changes in
fifty years. A rather amusing account was re-
cently given me by an old pioneer of the manner
in which Commodore Stockton got possession of
the house. The widow Abila and her daughters,
at the approach of the American army, had aban-
doned their home and taken refuge with Don
Luis Vignes of the Aliso. Mgnes was a French-
man and friendly to both sides. The widow left
a young Californian in charge of her house
(which was finely furnished), with strict orders
to keep it closed. Stockton had with him a fine
brass band — something new in California. When
the troops halted on the plaza, the band began
to play. The boyish guardian of the Abila casa
could not resist the temptation to open the door
and look out. The enchanting music drew him
to the plaza. Stockton and his staff, hunting
for a place suitable for headquarters, passing by,
found the door invitingly open, entered, and,
finding the house deserted, took possession. The
recreant guardian returned to find himself dis-
possessed and the house in possession of the ene-
my. "And the band played on."

THE BUILDING OF FORT MOORE.

It is a fact not generally known that there
were two forts planned and partially built on
Fort Hill during the war for the conquest of Cal-
ifornia. The first was planned by Lieut. William
H. Emory, topographical engineer of Gen. Kear-
ny's staff, and work begun on it by Commodore
Stockton's sailors and marines. The second was
planned by Lieut. J. W. Davidson, of the First
United States Dragoons, and built by the Mor-
mon Battalion. The first was not completed and
not named. The second was named Fort ]\Ioore.
Their location seems to have been identical. The
first was designed to hold lOO men. The second
was much larger. Flores' army was supposed
to be in the neighborhood of the city ready to
make a dash into it, so Stockton decided to
fortify.

"On January ii," Lieut. Emory writes, "I
was ordered to select a site and place a fort
capable of containing a hundred men. With
this in view a rapid reconnoissance of the town
was made and the plan of a fort sketched, so
placed as to enable a small garrison to command
the town and the principal avenues to it. The
plan was approved."

"lanuarv U. — T laid off the work ami before
night bn^kc the first grouii.l. The pcpulalion of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the town and its dependencies is about 3,000 ;
that of the town itself about 1,500. * * =1^
Here all the revolutions have had their origin,
and it is the point upon which any Mexican
force from Sonora would be directed. It was
therefore desirable to establish a fort which, in
case of trouble, should enable a small garrison
to hold out till aid might come from San Diego,
San Francisco or ^Monterey, places which are des-
tined to become centers of American settle-
ments."

"January 13. — It rained steadily all day and
nothing was done on the work. At night I
worked on the details of the fort."

"January 15. — The details to work on the fort
were by companies. I sent to Capt. Tilghman,
who commanded on the hill, to detach one of the
companies under his command to commence the
work. He furnished, on the i6th, a company
of artillery (seamen from the Congress) for the
day's work, which they performed bravely, and
gave me great hopes of success."

(Jn the 14th of Januar)', Fremont, with his bat-
talion of 450 men, arrived from Cahuenga. There
were then about 1,100 troops in the city, and the
old ciudad put on military airs. On the i8th
Kearny, having quarreled with Stockton about
who should be governor of the conquered terri-
tory, left for San Diego, taking with him Lieut.
Emory and the other members of his staff, and
the dragoons. Emory was sent east by way of
Panama with dispatches. Stockton appointed
Col. Fremont governor, and Col. Russell, of the
battalion, secretary of state of the newly acquired
territory ; and then took his departure to San
Diego, where his ship, the Congress, was ly-
ing. The sailors and marines, on the 20th, took
up their line of march for San Pedro to rejoin
their ships, and work on the fort was abandoned.

Lieut. Emory says : "Subsequent to my leav-
ing the Ciudad de Los Angeles, the entire plan of
the fort was changed, and I am not the pro-
jector of the work finally adopted for defense
of that town." So far as I know, no plan of the
first fort exists. One company of Fremont's bat-
talion was left in charge of the city; the command
of the battalion was turned over to Capt. Owens,
and the other companies marched to San Ga-
Ijriel. Fremont, as governor, established his
headquarters in the Bell block, corner of Aliso
and Los Angeles streets, that being the finest
Iniilding in the city. The quarrel for superiority
between Stockton, Kearny, Mason and Fremont
continued and waxed hotter. Kearny had re-
moved to Monterey. Col. Cooke, with his Mor-
mon battalion, having crossed the plains by the
southern route, had arrived and been stationed
at San Luis Rey. He was an adherent of Kear-
ny's. On the i7tli of March Cooke's Mormon

battalion arrived in Los Angeles. Capt. Owens,
in command of Fremont's battalion, had moved
all the artillery — ten pieces — to the Mission San
Gabriel.

Col. Cooke was placed in command of the
southern district, Fremont's battalion was mus-
tered out of service and the artillery brought
back to Los Angeles.

On the 20th of April rumors reached Los An-
geles that the Mexican general, Bustamente, was
advancing on California with a force of 1,500
men. "Positive information," writes Col. Cooke.
"has been received that the Mexican government
has appropriated $600,000 towards fitting out
this force." It was also reported that cannon
and military stores had been landed at San \'i-
cente, in Lower California, on the coast below
San Diego. Rumors of an approaching army
came thick and fast. War's wrinkled front once
more affrighted the Angelenos, or rather, the
gringo portion. The natives were supposed to
be in league w^ith Bustamente and to be pre-
paring for an insurrection. Precautions were
taken against a surprise. A troop of cavalry
was sent to \\'arner's ranch to patrol the Sonora
road as far as the desert. The construction of a
fort on the hill fully commanding the town,
which had previously been determined upon, was
begun and a companv of infantr_v posted on the
hill.

On the 23d of April, three months after work
had ceased on Emory's fort, the construction of
the second fort was begun and pushed vigor-
ously. Rumors continued to come of the ap-
proach of the enemy. On May 3, Col. Cooke
writes : "A report was received through the most
available sources of information that Gen. Busta-
mente had crossed the gulf near the head in
boats of the pearl fishers, and at last information
was at a rancho on the western road 70 leagues
below San Diego." Col. Stevenson's regiment of
New York volunteers had arrived in California,
and two companies of the volunteers had been
sent to Los Angeles. The report that Col.
Cooke had received large reinforcements and
that the place was being fortified, was snppose<l
to have frightened Bustamente into abandoning
the recapture of Los Angeles. Bustamente's in-
vading army was largely the creation of some-
body's fertile imagination. The scare, however,
had the effect of hurrying up work on the fort.

On the 13th of May Col. Cooke resigned and
Col. J. B. Stevenson succeeded him in command
of the southern military district. Work on the
fort still continued. .\s the fort approached com-
pletion, Col. Stevenson was exercised about a
suitable flagstaff — there was no tall timber in the
vicinity of Los .Angeles. The colonel wanted
a flagstaff that would be an honor to his field

112

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

works and that would float the old flag where it
could be seen of "all men," and women, too.
Nothing less than a pole 150 feet high would
do.

A native Californian, named Juan Ramirez,
was found, who claimed to have seen some trees
in the San Bernardino Mountains that were
nuicho alto — very tall — just what was needed
for a flagstafi^. A contract was made with him
to bring in the timber. The mountain Indians
were hostile, or rather, ihc-y were horse thieves.
The rancheros killed them on sight, like so many
rattlesnakes. An escort of ten soldiers from the
Mormon battalion, under command of a lieuten-
ant, was sent along with Juan to protect him
and his workmen. Ramirez, with a small army
of Indian laborers and a number of Mexican
carts, set out for the headwaters of Mill Creek
in the San Bernardino ^fountains. Time passed ;
the colonel was becoming uneasy over the long
absence of the flagstaff hunters. He had not yet
become accustomed to the easy-going,* poco
tiempo ways of the native Californians. One
afternoon a cloud of dust was seen out on the
mission road. From out the cloud came the
most unearthly shriekings, groanings and wail-
ings. At first it was surmised that it might be
the fag end of Bustamente's army of invasion
that had gotten away from its base of supplies,
or possibly the return of a Mexican revolution
that had been lost on the plains years ago. As
the cloud crossed the river into the Aliso road,
Juan Ramirez' cavalcade and its Mormon es-
cort emerged from it. They had two tree
trunks, one about 90 feet and the other 75 or 80
feet long, mounted on the axles of about a dozen
old carretas, each trunk hauled by twenty yoke
of oxen, and an Indian driver to each ox (Indi-
ans were plentiful in those days). Each wooden
wheel of the carts was sending forth its agoniz-
ing shrieks for axle grease in a different key
from its fellows. Each Indian driver was ex-
hausting his vocabulary of invective on his espe-
cial ox, and punctuating his profanity by vicious
punches with the goad in the poor ox's ribs. The
Indian was a cruel driver. The Mormons of the
escort were singing one of their interminable
songs of Zion — a pean of deliverance from the
hands of the Philistines. They had had a fight
with the Indians, killed three of the hostiles
and had the ears of their victims strung upon a
string.

Never before or since, in the history of the
flag, did such a (|ueer concourse combine to pro-
cure a staff to float Old Glory.

The carpenters among the volunteers spliced
the two pieces of timber together and soon
fashioned a beautiful flagstaff a hundred and
fifty feet in length. The pole was raised near

what is now the southeast comer of North Broad-
way and Fort Moore Place. By the first of Julv
work had so far progressed on the fort that Col.
-Stevenson decided to dedicate and name it on
the 4th. He issued an official order for the
celebration of the anniversary of the birthday of
.\merican Independence at this port, as he called
Los Angeles. The following is a synopsis of the
order : "At sunrise a Federal salute will be
fired from the field work on the hill, which com-
mands this town, and for the first time from
this point the American standard will be dis-
played. At 10 o'clock every soldier at this post
will be under arms. The detachment of the
7th Regiment, N. Y. \'oIunteers, and ist Regi-
ment, U. S. Dragoons (dismounted), will be
marched to the field work on the hill, when, to-
gether with the Mormon battalion, the whole
will be formed at 1 1 o'clock A. M. into a hollow
square, when the Declaration of Independence
will be read. At the close of this ceremony the
field work will be dedicated and appropriately
named: and at 12 o'clock a national salute will
be fired. The field work at this post having
been planned and the work conducted entirely
by Lieut. Davidson of the First Dragoons, he is
requested to hoist upon it for the first time, on
the morning of the 4th, the American Standard.
It is the custom of our country to confer on its
fortifications the name of some distinguished
individual who has rendered important services
to his country either in the councils of the na-
tion or on the battlefield. The commandant has
therefore determined, unless the department of
war shall otherwise direct, to confer upon the
field work erected at the port of Los Angeles
the name of one who was regarded by all who
had the pleasure of his acquaintance as a perfect
specimen of an American officer, and whose
character for every virtue and accomplishment
that adorns a gentleman was only equalled by
the reputation he had acquired in the field for
his gallantry as an officer and soldier, and his
life was sacrificed in the conquest of this terri-
tory at the battle of San Pasqual. The com-
mander directs that from and after the 4th in-
stant it shall bear the name of Moore."

Benjamin D. Moore, after whom the fort was
named, 'was captain of Co. A, First \J. S. Dra-
goons. He was killed by a lance thrust in the
disastrous charge at San Pasqual. Capt. Stuart
Taylor at this celebration read the Declaration
of Independence in English, and Stephen C.
Foster read it in Spanish. The native Cali-
fornians seated on their horses in rear of the
soldiers listened to Don Estevan as he rolled
out in sonorous Spanish the Declaration's ar-
raignment of King (ieorge IIT. and smiled.
Tli'oy had prol);d)Iy never heard of King George

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

or the Declaration of Independence either, but
they knew a pronunciamiento when they heard
it, and after a pronunciamiento in their govern-
mental system came a revolution — therefore
they smiled at the prospect of a gringo revolu-
tion. The old fort was located along the east-
erly line of what is now North Broadway at its
intersection with Fort Moore Place. It began
near the northerly line of Dr. \\'ills' lot and ex-
tended southerly to the fourth lot south of Fort
?iIoore Place, a length of over 400 feet. It was
a breastwork with bastions and embrasures for
cannon. The principal embrasure covered the
church and plaza. It was built more for the
suppression of a revolt than to resist an invasion.
It was a strong position ; two hundred men,
about its capacity, could have defended it against
one thousand if the attack came from the front,
but it could easily have been outflanked.

In the rear of the fort a deep ravine ran
diagonally from the cemetery to Spring street
just south of Temple. The road to the ceme-
tery led up this ravine and many an old Cali-
fornian made his last journey in this world up
cemetery ravine. It was known as the Canada
de Los Muertos (the canon of the dead). The
-l-th of July, 1847, was a crackerless 4th. The
American boy with his fireworks was not in evi-
dence, and the native muchacho knew as little
about firecrackers as hf did about the 4th of
July. The day's festivities ended with a fan-
dango. The fandango was a universal leveler.
Mormon and Mexican, native Californians and
spruce shoulder-strapped Regulars met and
mingled in the dance. The day ended without
a casualty and at its close even the most recalci-
trant paisano was constrained to shout Viva Los
Estados Unidos ! (Long live the LTnited States.)

One of the historical fictions that appears in
most of the "write ups" of this old fort is the
statement that it was built by Fremont. There
is absolutelv no foundation for such a statement.

Emory's fort was begun before Fremont's bat-
talion reached Los Angeles, and work ceased
on it when Stockton's sailors and marines left
the city. Davidson's fort was begun while the
battalion was at San Gabriel, a short time before
it was mustered out. Fremont left for Monterey
shortly after the Alornion battalion began work
on the redoubt; and when it was completed, or
rather when work stopped on it, he had left
California and was somewhere in the neigh-
borhood of the Rocky mountains. Neither is
there any foundation for the story that the forti-
fication was begun by ^^licheltorena when Com-
modore Jones captured Monterey, October hj.
1842. It was not known in early times as l"re-
mont's redoubt.

Another silly fiction that occasionally makes
its appearance in newspapers and literary jour-
nals is the story that an old adobe building
on ]Main near Fourteenth street was Fremont's
h.eadquarters when he was "military com-
mander" of the territory. As I write there lies
before me a copy of an illustrated eastern journal
of extensive circulation, in which appears a cut
of this ex-saloon and ]5resent Chinese wash
house labeled "Fremont's Headquarters." Not
long since a literary journal of our own city, in
an editorial, urged upon the Historical Society
and the Landmarks Club the necessity of pre-
serving this valuable historical relic of Fremont's
occupancy of Los Angeles in the war. The idiocy
of a commanding officer establishing his head-
quarters on a naked plain two miles away from
the fort where his troops were stationed and
within what would then have been the enemy's
lines seems never to have occurred to the au-
thors and promulgators of these fictions. This
old adobe house was built six or eight years after
the conquest of California. In 1856 it was used
for a saloon ; Fremont was then a candidate
for the presidency. The proprietor named it
Fremont's Headquarters.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER XXI.

TREATY OF CAHUENGA— TRANSITION.

JT S STATED in a [ormcr chapter, Frc-
T^ niont's battalion began its march down
± \_ the coast on the 29th of November, 1846.
The winter rains set in v>ith great severity. The
volunteers were scantily provided with clothing
and the horses were in poor condition. Many
of the horses died of starvation and hard usage.
The battalion encountered no opposition from
the enemy on its march and did no fighting.

On the nth of January, a few miles above
San Fernando, Col. Fremont received a message
from Gen. Kearny informing him of the defeat
of the enemy and the capture of Los Angeles.
That night the battalion encamped in the mission
buildings at San Fernando. From the mission
that evening Jesus Pico, a cousin of Gen. An-
dres Pico, set out to find the Californian army
and open negotiations' with its leaders. Jesus
Pico, better known as Tortoi, had been arrested
at his home near San Luis Obispo, tried by
court-martial and sentenced to be shot for break-
ing his parole. Fremont, moved by the plead-
ings of Pico's wife and children, pardoned him.
He became a warm admirer and devoted friend
of Fremont.

He found the advance guard of the Califor-
nians encamped at Verdugos. He was detained
here, and the leading ofificers of the army were
summoned to a council. Pico informed them of
Fremont's arrival and the number of his men.
With the combined forces of Fremont and Stock-
Ion against them their cause was hopeless. He
urged them to surrender to Fremont, as they
could obtain better terms from him than from
Stockton.

Gen. Flores, who held a commission in the
Mexican army, and who had been appointed by
the territorial assembly governor and coman-
dante-gcneral by virtue of his rank, appointed
/\ndres Pico general and gave him command
of the army. The same night he took his de-
parture for Mexico, by way of .San Gorgonio
Pass, accompanied by Col. Garfias, Diego Se-
pulveda. Manuel Castro, Segura. and about
thirty privates. Gen. •Pico, on assuming com-
mand, appointed Francisco Rico and Francisco
de La Gucrra to go with Jesus Pico to confer
with Cul. I'Vemonl. Fremont appointed as com-
missioners to negotiate a treaty: Major P. P>.
j-tcading. Major \\'illi:nn If. Kussdl .nnd Capt.

Louis McLane. On the return of Guerra and
Rico to the Californian camp. Gen. Andres Picn
appointed as commissioners : Jose Antonio Car-
rillo, commander of the cavalry squadron, and
Augustin Olvera, diputado of the assembly, and
moved his army near the river at Cahuenga.
On the 13th Fremont moved his camp to the
Cahuenga. The commissioners met in the de-
serted ranch-house, and the treaty was drawn
up and signed.

The principal conditions of the treaty or capit-
ulation of "Cahuenga," as it was termed, were
that the Californians, on delivering up their ar-
tillery and public arms, and promising not again
to take up arms during the war, and conforming
to the laws and regulations of the United States,
shall be allowed peaceably to return to their
homes. They were to be allowed the same
rights and privileges as are allowed to citizens
of the Ignited States, and were not to be com-
pelled to take an oath of allegiance until a treaty
of peace was signed between the United States
and Mexico, and w-ere given the privilege of
leaving the country if they wished to. An adtli-
tional section was added to the treaty on the
16th at Los Angeles releasing the officers from
their paroles. Two cannon were surrendered,
the howitzer captured from Gen. Kearny at San
Pasqual, and the woman's gun that won the bat-
tle of Dominguez. On the 14th, Fremont's bat-
talion marched through the Cahuenga Pass to
Los Angeles in a pouring rainstorm, and entered
it four days after its surrender to Stockton. The
conquest of California was completed. Stock-
ton approved the treaty, although it was not alto-
gether satisfactory to him. On the i6th he ap-
pointed Col. Fremont governor of the terri-
tory, and William H. Russell, of the battalion,
secretary of state.

This precipitated a quarrel between Stockton
and Kearny, which had been brewing for some
time. Gen. Kearny claimed that under his in-
structions from the government he should bo
recognized as governor. .\s he had directly un-
der his command but the one company of dra-
goons that he brought across the plain with him
he was unable to enforce his authority. He left
on the i8tli for San Die,go, taking with him his
officers and dragoons. ( )n the 20th Conmio-
(liivc ."^tdckton, with his sailors and marines.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

113

maiclitd to San Pedro, where they all embarked
on a man-of-war for San Diego to rejoin their
ships. Stockton was shortly afterwards super-
seded in the command of the Pacific squadron
by Commodore Shubrick.

Fremont was left in command at Los Angeles.
He established his headquarters in the upper
(second) floor of the Bell block, corner of Los
Angeles and Aliso streets, the best building in
the city then. One company of the battalion was
retained in the city ; the others, under command
of Capt. Owens, were quartered at the Mission
San Gabriel. From San Diego, Gen. Kearny
sailed to San Francisco, and from there he went
to Monterey. Under additional instructions from
the general government brought to the coast by
Col. Mason, he established his governorship at
Monterey. With a governor in the north and
one in the south antagonistic to each other,
California had fallen back to its normal condition
under Mexican rule. Col. Cooke, commander
of the Mormon battalion, writing about this
time, says : "Gen. Kearny is supreme somewhere
up the coast ; Gen. Fremont is supreme at Pu-
eblo de Los Angeles ; Commodore Stockton is
commander-in-chief at San Diego ; Commodore
Shubrick the same at Monterey ; and I at San
Luis Key ; and we are all supremely poor, the
government having no money and no credit, and
we hold the territory because Mexico is poorest
of all !"

Col. R. B. Mason was appointed inspector of
the troops, and made an official visit to Los An-
geles. In some disagreement he used insulting
language to Col. Fremont. Fremont promptly
challenged him to fight a duel. The challenge
was accepted, and double-barreled shotguns
were chosen as the weapons and the Rancho
Rosa del Castillo chosen as the place of meeting.
Mason was summoned north, and the duel was
postponed until his return. Kearny, hearing of
it, put a stop to it.

Col. P. St. George Cooke, commander of the
Mormon battalion, but an officer of the regular
army, was made commander of the military dis-
trict of the south, with headquarters at Los An-
geles. Fremont's battalion was mustered out of
the service and Fremont himself ordered to re-
l)ort to Gen. Kearny at Monterey and turn over
the papers and accounts of his governorship. He
(lid so, and passed out of office. He was nomin-
ally governor of the territory about two months.
His jurisdiction did not really extend beyond
Los Angeles. He accompanied Gen. Kearny
cast, leaving Los Angeles May 12, and Mon-
terey May 31. At Fort Leavenworth Gen.
Kearny placed him under arrest and preferred
charges against him for disobedience of orders.
He was tried by court-martial at Washington

and was ably defended by his father-in-law, Col.
Benton, and his brother-in-law, William Carey
Jones. The court found him guilty and fixed the
penalty — dismissal from the service. President
Polk remitted the penalty, and ordered Col. P're-
mont to resume his sword and report for duty.
He resigned his commission in the army.

Col. Richard B. JMason succeeded General
Kearny as commander-in-chief of the troops
and military governor of California. Col. Philip
St. George Cooke resigned command of the mil-
itary district of the south in May and went east
with Gen. Kearny. Col. J. D. Stevenson, of
the New York Volunteers, succeeded Cooke.
His regiment, the First New York, had been
recruited in eastern New York in the summer of
1846 for the double purpose of conquest and
colonization. It came to the coast well pro-
vided with provisions and implements of hus-
bandry. It reached California via Cape Horn.
The first transport, the Perkins, reached Yerba
Buena, March 6, 1847; t'^^ second, the Drew,
Alarch 19; and the third, the Loo Choo, March
26. Hostilities had ceased in California before
their arrival. Two companies, A and B, under
command of Lieut. -Col. Burton, were sent to
Lower California, where they saw hard service
and took part in several engagements. The
other companies of the regiment were sent to
different towns in Upper California to do gar-
rison duty. Companies E and G were stationed
at Los Angeles, Company F at Santa Barbara
and Company I at San Diego.

Col. Stevenson had under his command a
force of about 600 men, consisting of four com-
panies of the Mormon battalion, two companies of
United States Dragoons and the two companies
of his own regiment. The Mormon battalion was
mustered out in July, 1847; t'^^ ^ew York vol-
unteers remained in service until August, 1848.
Most of these volunteers remained in California
and several became residents of Southern Cali-
fornia.

Another military organization that reached
California after the conquest was Company F,
Third United States Artillery. It landed at Mon-
terey, January 28, 1847, under command of
Capt. C. Q. Thompkins. With it came Lieuts.
E. O. C. Ord, William T. Sherman and H. W.
Halleck, all of whom were prominent afterward
in California and attained national reputation
during the Civil war. Lieut. Ord made what
is known as Ord's survey of Los Angeles. After
the treaty of peace was made, in 1848, four com-
panies of U. S. Dragoons, under command of
Major L. P. Graham, marched from Chihuahua,
by way of Tucson, to California. Major Gra-
ham was the last military commander of the
south.

110

MKiCAL AND JJKJL.KAl'JliCAl. RliCORU.

Under Col. Stevenson's administration the
reconstruction, or rather it might be more ap-
propriately called the transformation, period re-
ally began. The orders from the general gov-
ernment were to conciliate the people and to
make no radical changes in the form of govern-
ment. The Mexican laws were continued in
force. In February an ayuntamiento was elected
at Los Angeles. The members were : First al-
calde, Jose Salazar; second alcalde, Enrique
Avila; regidores, Miguel N. Pryor, Julian Cha-
vez, Rafael Gallardo and Jose A. Yorba; sindico,
Jose Vicinte Guerrero ; secretary, Ignacio Cor-
onel.

This council proceeded to grant house lots
and perform its various municipal functions as
formerly. Occasionally there was friction be-
tween the military and civil powers, and there
were rumors of insurrections and invasions.
There were, no doubt, some who hoped that the
])rophecy of the doggerel verses that were de-
risively sung by the women occasionally might
Clime true :

"Poco tiempo
Viene Castro
Con mucho gente
Vamos Americanos."

But Castro came not with his many gentle-
men, nor did the Americans show any disposi-
tion to vamos ; so with that easy good nature
so characteristic of the Californians they made
the best of the situation. "A thousand things,"
says Judge Hays, "combined to smooth the as-
perities of war. Fremont had been courteous
and gay ; Mason was just and firm. The natu-
ral good temper of the population favored a
speedy and perfect conciliation. The American
officers at once found themselves happy in every
circle. In suppers, balls, visiting in town and
country, the hours glided away with pleasant
reflections."

There were, however, a few individuals who
were not happy unless they could stir up dis-
sensions and cause trouble. One of the chief
of these was Serbulo Varela — agitator and revo-
lutionist. Yarela, for some ofifense not specified
in the records, had been committed to prison
by the second alcalde, or judge of the second
instance. Col. Stevenson turned him out of
jail and Varela gave the judge a tongue lashing
in refuse Castilian. The judge's ofificial dignity
was hurt. He sent a communication to the ayun-
tamiento saying : "Owing to personal abuse
which I received at the hands of a private indi-
vidual and from the present military commander,
I tender my resignation."

The council sent a communication to Col.

.Stevenson, asking why he had turned N'arcla out
of jail and why he had insulted the judge.

The colonel curtly replied that the military
would not act as jailers over persons guilty of
trifling offenses while the city had plenty of per-
sons to do guard duty at the jail. As to abuse
of the judge, he was not aware that any abuse
had been given, and would take no further notice
of him unless he stated the nature of the insult
ofifered him.

The council decided to notify the governor of
the outrage perpetrated by the military com-
mander, and the second alcalde said, since he
could get no satisfaction for insults to his author-
ity from the military despot he would resign;
but the council would not accept his resignation,
so he refused to act, and the city had to worry
along with one judge.

When the time came around for the election of
a new ayuntamiento there was more trouble.
Stephen C. Foster, the colonel's interpreter,
submitted a paper to the council stating that
the government had authorized him to get up a
register of voters. And the ayuntamiento voted
to return the paper just as it was received. Then
the colonel made a demand of the council to
assist Esteban Foster in compiling a register
of voters. Regidor Chavez took the floor and
said such a register should not be gotten up
under the auspices of the military, but since the
government had so disposed, thereby outraging
this honorable body, no attention should be paid
to said communication. But the council de-
cided that the matter did not amount to much,
so they granted the request, much to the disgust
of Chavez. The election was held and a new
council elected. At the last meeting of the old
council, December 29, 1847, ^ol. Stevenson ad-
dressed a note to it, requesting that Stephen C.
Foster be recognized as first alcalde and judge
of the first instance. The council decided to
turn the whole business over to its successor,
to deal with as it sees fit.

Col. Stevenson's request was made in accord-
ance with the wish of Governor Jklason, that a
part of the civil offices be filled by Americans.
The new ayuntamiento resented this interfer-
ence.

How the matter terminated is best told in
Stephen C. Foster's own words: "Col. Steven-
son was determined to have our inauguration
done in style. So on the day appointed (Jan-
tiary i, 1848) he, together with myself and col-
league, escorted by a guard of soldiers, pro-
ceeded from the colonel's quarters (which were
in the house now occupied as a stable by Fer-
guson & Rose) to the alcalde's office, which was
where the City of Paris store now stands on
Main street. There we found the retiring ayun-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

11^

taniiento and the new one awaiting our arrival.
The oath of office was to be administered by
the retiring first alcalde. We knelt to take the
oath, when we found they had changed their
minds, and the alcalde told us that if two of their
number were to be kicked out they would all
go. So they all marched out and left us in pos-
session. Here was a dilemma ; but Col. Steven-
son was equal to the emergency. He said he
could give us a swear as well as the alcalde. So
we stood up and he administered to us an oath
to support the constitution of the United States
and administer justice in accordance with Mex-
ican law. I then knew as much about Mexican
law as I did about Chinese, and my colleague
knew as much as I did. Guerrero gathered up
the books that pertained to his office and took
them to his house, where he established his
office, and I took the archives and records across
the street to a house I had rented, where Perry
& Riley's building now stands, and there I was
duly installed for the next seventeen months,
the first American alcalde and carpet-bagger in
Los Angeles."

"The late Abel Stearns was afterwards ap-
pointed syndic. We had instructions from Gov-
ernor Mason to make no grants of land, but to
attend only to criminal and civil business and
current municipal aiifairs. Criminal offenders
had formerly been punished by being confined
in irons in the calaboose, which then stood on
the north side of the plaza, but I induced the
Colonel to lend me balls and chains and I had
a chain gang organized for labor on the public
works, under charge of a gigantic old Mexican
soldier, armed with a carbine and cutlass, w'ho
soon had his gang under good discipline
and who boasted that he could get twice as much
work out of his men as could be got out of the
soldiers in the chain gang of the garrison."

The rumors of plots and impending insurrec-
tions was the indirect cause of a serious catas-
trophe. On the afternoon of December 7, 1847,
an old lady called upon Col. Stevenson and in-
formed him that a large body of Californians
had secretly organized and fixed upon that night
for a general uprising, to capture the city and
massacre the garrison. The information was
supposed to be reliable. Precautions were taken
against a surprise. The guard was doubled and
a strong reserve stationed at the guardhouse,
which stood on the hillside about where Pieau-
dry's stone wall on the new High street is now.
A piece of artillery was kept at the guardhouse.
About midnight one of the outpost pickets saw,
or thought he saw, a horseman approaching him.
He challenged, but receiving no reply, fired.
The guard at the cuartel formed to repel an
attack. Investigation proved the picket's horse-

man to be a cow. The guard was ordered to
break ranks. One of the cannoneers had lighted
a port fire (a sort of fuse formerly used for firing
cannon). He was ordered to e.xtinguish it and
return it to the arm chest. lie attempted to ex-
tinguish it by stamping on it, and supposing he
had stamped the fire out, threw it into the chest
filled with ammunition. The fire rekindled and
a terrific explosion followed that shook the city
like an earthquake. The guardhouse was blown
to pieces and the roof timbers thrown into Main
street.

The wildest confusion reigned. The long roll
sounded and the troops flew to arms. Four men
were killed by the explosion and ten or twelve
wounded, several quite seriously. The guard-
house was rebuilt and was used by the city for a
jail up to 1853.

This catastrophe was the occasion of the first
civil marriage ever celebrated in Los Angeles.
The w-idow of Sergeant Travers, one of the sol-
diers killed by the explosion, after three months
of widowhood, desired to enter the state of
double blessedness. She and the bridegroom,
both being Protestants, could not be married in
the Catholic Church, and there was no minister
of any other denomination in the country. In
their dilemma, they applied to Alcalde Foster
to have a civil ceremony performed. The al-
calde was doubtful whether his powers admitted
of marrying people. There was no precedent
for so doing in Mexican law, but he took the
chances. A formidable legal document, still on
file in the recorder's office, was drawn up and
the parties signed it in the presence of witnesses,
and took a solemn oath to love, cherish, pro-
tect, defend and support on the part of the hus-
band, and the wife, of her own choice, agreed
to obey, love, serve and respect the man of her
choice in accordance w-ith the laws of the State
of New York. Then the alcalde declared James
C. Burton and Emma C. Travers man and wife,
and they lived happily ever afterwards. The
groom was a soldier in the service of the United
States and a citizen of the state of New York.

The treaty of peace between the United States
and Mexico was signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo, a
hamlet a few miles from the city of Mexico,
February 2, 1848; ratifications were exchanged
at Queretaro, May 30 following, and a proclama-
tion that peace had been established between the
two countries was published July 4, 1848. Under
this treaty the United States assumed the pay-
ment of the claims of American citizens against
Mexico, and paid in addition $15,000,000 for
Te.xas, New Mexico and Alta California — an
area of nearly half a million square miles. Out
of what was the Mexican territory of Alta Cali-
fornia there has been carved all of California,

118

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

all of Nevada, Utah and Arizona, and pai't of
Colorado and Wyoming. The area acquired by
this territorial expansion equaled that of the
thirteen colonies at the time of the Revolution-
ary War.

I'io Pico arrived at San Gabriel, July 17, 1848,
on his return from Sonora. From San Fernando
he addressed letters to Col. Stevenson and Gov-
ernor Mason, stating that as Mexican Governor
of California he had come back to the country,
with the object of carrying out the armistice
which then existed between the United States
and Mexico. He further stated that he had no
desire to impede the establishment of peace be-
tween the two countries ; and that he wished to
see the Mexicans and Americans treat each
other in a spirit of fraternity. Mason did not
like Pico's assumption of the title of Mexican
Governor of California, although it is not prob-
able that Pico intended to assert any claim to
his former position. Mason sent a special cour-
ier to Los Angeles with orders to Col. Stevenson
to arrest the ex-governor, who was then at his
Santa Margarita ranch, and send him to Mon-
terey, but the news of the ratification of the
treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo reached Los An-
geles before the arrest was made and Pico was
spared this humiliation.

In December, 1848, after peace was restored,
.Alcalde Foster, under instructions from Gov-
ernor Mason, called an election for choosing an
ayuntamiento to take the place of the one that
failed to qualify. The voters paid no attention
to the call and Governor Mason instructed the
officers to hold over until the people chose to
elect their successors. In May a second call was
made under Mexican law. By this time the

voters had gotten over their indignation at being
made American citizens, nolens volens. They
elected an ayuntamiento which continued in
power to the close of the year. Its first session
was held May 21, 1849. First alcalde, Jose del
Carmen Lugo ; second alcalde, Juan Sepulveda :
regidores, Jose Lopez, Francisco Ocampo,
Thomas Sanchez ; syndic, Juan Temple ; secre-
tary, Jesus Guerado. All of these had been citi-
zens of Mexico, Juan Temple having been nat-
uralized twenty years before. The Governor's
wish to have Americans fill part of the city
offices was evidently disregarded by the voters.
Stephen C. Foster was appointed prefect Oc-
tober 29, 1849, by Governor Bennett Riley, the
successor of Governor Mason.

In December, 1849, the last ayuntamiento of
Los Angeles was elected. The members were :
First alcalde, Abel Stearns ; second alcalde, Yg-
nacio del \'alle; regidores, David Alexander,
Benito D. Wilson, Jose L. Sepulveda, Manuel
Garfias ; syndic, Francisco Figueroa : secretary,
Jesus Guirada. The legislature of 1849-50
passed an act incorporating Los Angeles (April
4, 1850) as a city. In the act of incorporation
its area is given as four square miles. During
its probationary state, from January, 1847, '-'nt'l
its incorporation as a city by the legislature, it
sometimes appears in the official records as a
pueblo (town) and sometimes as a ciudad (city).
For a considerable time after the conquest offi-
cial communications bore the motto of Mexico,
Dios y Libertad (God and Liberty). The first
city council was organized July 3, 1850, just four
years, lacking one day, after the closing session
of the ayuntamiento under Mexican rule had
been held.

PART SECOND.

THE COUNTIES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

CHAPTER XXll.

SAN DIEGO COUNTY.

ORGANIZATION.

IN THE act dividing the state into counties,
approved February i8, 1850, San Diego is
the first county described ; and in number-
ing the senatorial and judicial districts of that
time, San Diego was number one. The county
included the whole southern end of the state, and
was then bounded on the north by Los Angeles
county ; on the east by the Colorado river ; on
the south by Lower California; on the west by
the Pacific Ocean and part of Los Angeles
county. Its area was 14,969 square miles. Its
population was 798, of which 650 were residents
of the town of San Diego.

The first county election was held April i,
1850. The officers elected were as follows : Wil-
liam C. Ferrell, district attorney ; John Hays,
county judge; Richard Rust, county clerk; T.
W. Sutherland, county attorney ; Henry Clay-
ton, county surveyor; Agostin Harazthy, sher-
ifif; Henry C. Matsell, recorder; Jose Antonio
Estudillo, county assessor; John Brown, coro-
ner, and Juan Bandini, treasurer. Bandini did
not qualify, and Philip Crosthwaite was ap-
pointed by the court of sessions to fill the va-
cancy. The first term of the district court was
held in San Diego, May 6, 1850; O. S. With-
erby, judge, and Richard Rust, clerk.

THE FIRST INDIAN WAR.

The year 185 1 was marked by an Indian war,
or rather an Indian scare, for it could scarcely
be called a war. The Cohuilla Indians, at that
time quite numerous, inhabited the valleys of
the San Bernardino mountains, from San Gor-
gonio south to the l^lexican line. For some time
they had been stealing horses and cattle and an-
noying the settlers. Their chief was Antonio
Garra. He was an egotistical fellow. He con-
ceived the idea of a general uprising of the red
men and the extermination of the whites. He was
even vain enough to boast that he would capture

the fort at Yuma and with the cannon taken
there attack Los Angeles and San Diego. The
first outbreak was at Warner's ranch, about 60
miles easterly from San Diego.

J. J. Warner, a Connecticut Yankee, came to
California in 1831, as a trapper. He became a
naturalized citizen and obtained a grant from
the Mexican government of about 26,600 acres.
This he had stocked with cattle and horses and
was living" there at the time of the American
conquest. The Agua Caliente, or Hot Springs,
in the neighborhood of Warner's rancho, was
a favorite camping place of the Indians. War-
ner, besides his cattle and horses, kept a stock
of goods amounting to about $6,000. This was
partly to supply his vaqueros and other retainers
and partly to trade with the Indians. This dis-
play of wealth tempted the cupidity of the In-
dians and they plotted to massacre him and his
people to obtain plunder. He received warning
of their designs and sent his family under an
escort to San Diego. The morning after the
departure of his family he was awakened by the
yells of the Indians. Several horses, saddled
and bridled, were tied near the house, ready for
any emergency.

On hearing the cries of the Indians, Warner,
seizing his arms, rushed to the rear door to se-
cure the horses. They were all gone e.xcept
one, and an Indian was trying to unfasten it.
Warner shot the horse thief dead ; and two of
his companions who tried to get the horse were
sent to the happy hunting ground to join their
friend. Taking advantage of the temporary
panic into which the Indians had been thrown
by the shooting of three of their number, War-
ner seized a crippled nuilatto boy, servant of
an army officer who had sent him to the hot
springs to be treated for rheumatism, and, pla-
cing him in front, mounted his horse and rode
away amid a shower of arrows from two hun-
dred Indians. He made his escape unharmed,
but the Indians killed one of his servants.

120

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

l\carliiiiL; lln' camp whcix- his vatnuTDS iiiadi-'
thuir iK'adquartcrs, he rallicil a small Unxi.- uf
these and returned to the rancho, where he
found the Indians reveling in his stock of goods.
'I'hey stood on the defensive when attacked and
the cowboys, finding themselves so greatly out-
numbered, retreated. Warner was compelled
to follow suit, as he was not equal to a whole
tribe of Indians. He went to San Diego, where
Major Heintzelman was stationed with a force
of regulars, to procure assistance.

The alarm of an Indian uprising spread all
over the southern district. A company of vol-
unteers was raised at San Diego, of which Cave
J. Couts was made captain. It was called the
Fitzgerald \'olunteers. Major Fitzgerald had
command of all the militia at San Diego. A com-
pany of 35 men was raised at Los Angeles for
field service and another, of which B. D. Wilson
was captain, for home guards to protect the city
in case Antonio Garra should undertake to
carry out his threats. The officers of the field
company were: George B. Fitzgerald, captain;
John Jones, first lieutenant, and Roy Bean, sec-
ond lieutenant. The volunteers were under the
command of Gen. J. H. Bean. The regulars
and ■^e San Diego volunteers drove the Indians
into trie mountains and killed about 40 of them.
The Los Angeles volunteers, reinforced by
five men from the Mormon camp at San Ber-
nardino and 20 from Temecula, did considerable
scouting, but did not kill any hostiles.

Antonio Garra, chief of the Cohuillas, was
captured by the strategy (or perhaps it would
be more in accordance with the facts, by the
treachery) of Cabazon, chief of the White Water
Indians. He was sentenced to be shot. Stand-
ing on the edge of his open grave, he met his
death with stoical firmness. An American, Bill
-Marshall, and a Californian named Juan \'er-
dugo were found to have been implicated in the
raid on Warner's ranch. They were tried by a
court-martial and sentenced to be hanged. \'er-
dugo confessed his guilt, but Marshall died pro-
testing, to the last, his innocence. In the year
1852 four Indians implicated in the uprising were
captured and shot. This settled the Indian ques-
tion in San Diego for some time.

Col. Warner and his family returned to his
ranch after the Indian troubles were over. He
lived there until 1857. when he moved to Los
.\ngeles. He died in 1893, at the age of 87
vears.

E.\RI.V IITSTOKV OF TIIIC CITY .WO
IDENTICAt..

OITNTY

In 1850 and for a number of years after there
was no settlement in San Diego outside of the
citv that could be called a town. At each of the

l.-irgc raiicliiis tlK-ri_- was a small settlement made
u\) ni tin- servants and vai|Ueros and their fami-
lies. Some of tliese were designated as pre-
cincts when a general election was called, and at
a few some one acted as a justice of the peace.

The history of the county and of the city are
identical for nearly two decades. The back
coiuitry so often spoken of was undeveloped and
the very few events that happened at points
back from the bay are unimportant. The early
history of Old San Diego, or Old Town, as
it is usually called, has been given in the chap-
ter on the Founding of the Presidios.

The pueblo of San Diego was organized Jan-
uary I, 1835. It is not, as some writers have
claimed, the oldest municipality in California.
The pueblos of San Jose and Los Angeles ante-
date it many years. Los Angeles having passed
beyond the pueblo stage was made a ciudad
(city) the same year (1835) that the pueblo of
San Diego was organized. The first ayunta-
miento or town council, elected December, 1834,
was composed of an alcalde, two regidores and
a sindico procurador.

The first survey of the pueblo lands was made
by Henry D. Fitch in 1845. The Mexican gov-
ernment granted the pueblo eleven leagues or
47,234 acres. This grant to the pueblo was
confirmed by the United States Land Commis-
sion in 1853. San Diego was more fortunate
than Los Angeles, whose claim of sixteen square
leagues was cut down to four, or Santa Bar-
bara, which claimed eight, but had to be content
with four. San Diego in area, fifty years ago,
was the largest town in the United States. Its
boundary lines inclosed about 75 square miles :
its population, however, was less than ten to the
square mile.

ORIGIN' OF Ni;\V TOWN.

March 18, 1850, the ayuntamiento of San
Diego sold to \Villiani Heath Davis, Jose A.
Aguirre, Andrew B. Gray, Thomas D. Johns
and Miguel Pedrorena, 160 acres of land a few
miles south of Old Town, near the army bar-
racks, for the purpose of creating a "new port."
William Heath Davis, one of the oldest living
]Moneers of California, and author of "Sixty
Years in California," in an interview published
in the San Diego Sun some fourteen years ago,
gives the following account of the origin of
New Town :

"Of the new town of San Diego, now the city
of San Diego, I can say that I was its founder.
In 1850, the .\nierican and Mexican commis-
sions appointed to establish the boundary line
were at Old Town. Andrew B. Gray, the chief
engineer and surveyor for the United States,
wdio was with the commission, introduced him-

HISTORICAL AND jnOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

121

srlf lu ni.' unc day at Old Town, in I'cbnuu} ,
1S50, he explained to mo the advantages of the
locality, known as 'I'uenta de los Muertos'
( Point of the Dead), from the circumstances that
in the year 1787 a Spanish squadron anchored
within a stone's throw of the present site of the
city of San Diego. During the stay of the fleet,
surveying the bay of San Diego for the first
time, several sailors and marines died and were
interred on a sand spit, adjacent to where my
wharf stood, and was named as above. The
piles of my struc^ire are still imbedded in the
sands as if there had been premeditation to mark
ihem as the tomb-marks of those deceased early
explorers of the Pacific ocean and of the inlet
of San Diego during the days of Spain's great-
ness. I have seen Puenta de los Muertos on
Pantoja's chart of his explorations of the waters
of the Pacific.

"Messrs. Jose Antonio Aquirre, Miguel de
Pedrorena, Andrew 15. Gray, T. D. Johns and
myself were the projectors of what is now known
as the city of San Diego. All my co-proprietors
have since died, and I remain alone of the party
and am a witness of the marvelous events and
changes that have since transpired in this vicin-
ity during more than a generation.

"The first building in new San Diego was put
up by myself as a private residence. The build-
ing still stands, being known as the San Diego
hotel. I also put up a number of other houses ;
the cottage built by .Andrew B. Gray is still
standing and is called "The Hermitage.' George
F. Hooper also built a cottage, which is still
standing near my house, in New San Diego.
Under the conditions of our deed we were to
build a substantial wharf and warehouse. The
other proprietors of the town deeded to me their
interest in block 20, where the wharf was to be
built. The wharf was completed in six months
after getting our title, in March, 1850, at a cost
of $60,000. The piles of the old wharf are still
to be seen on the old wharf site in block 20.
At that time I predicted that San Diego would
become a great commercial seaport, from its
fine geographical position and from the fact
that it was the only good harbor south of San
Francisco. Plad it not been for our Civil war,
railroads would have reached here years before
.Stanford's road was built, for our wharf was
ready for business."

The fate of this wharf of high anticijiations
and brilliant prospects was prosaic and com-
monplace. In 1862, some six hundred Union
troops en route to Arizona were quartered at
the army barrack near the wharf. The great
Hood of that year cut ofT for a time all comnui-
nication with the back country and detained the
troops there most of the winter. The supply

Ml I'lrewodd ran mil and llir weallier was cold —
Ml the "gallant si.x hundred,' led by the quarter-
master, charged the wharf and warehouse, and
when they were through charging all that was
left of that wharf was a few teredo-eaten piles.
The soldiers burned the wharf and warehouse
for fuel. Davis filed a claim against the gov-
ernment for $60,000 damages on account of the
destruction of his wharf and warehouse by the
soldiers. But the government did not "honor
the charge he made." After many delays Ids
claim was finally pared down to $6,000 and al-
lowed for that amount.

THE PIONEER NEWSP.VPER.

The pioneer newspaper of San Diego was the
Herald. The first number was issued May 2y,
1 85 1, only twelve days later than the first issue
of the Los Angeles Star, the pioneer newspaper
of Southern California. The San Diego Herald
was published by J. Judson Ames, a recent
arrival from Boston. His printing plant met
with a number of vicissitudes before it was
finally set up in Old Town. Ames, failing to
secure printing material in San Francisco, took
passage to New Orleans, where he bought an
office outfit. On his return the boat in which
his stock was stored upset in the Chagres river.
He fished out the greater part of his material,
but at Panama was attacked by the Chagres
fever and delayed some time. He finally reached
San Francisco just before the great fire of May,
1851. In that conflagration a part of his plant
was consumed. With the remnant that had
escaped fire and flood he reached San Diego and
established his paper. He must have been a
man of indomitable courage to have persevered
through all discouragements.

The outlook was not encouraging for the
building up of a great newspaper. The town
was small and non-progressive; a large portion
of its inhabitants were native Californians whose
early education had been neglected. There did
not seem to be a pressing need for a newspaper,
yet with all its uncongenial surroundings the
paper attained a widespread fame ; not, how-
ever, through its founder, but through a substi-
tute to whom for a time Ames entrusted the
editorial tripod, scissors and paste pot of the
Herald.

Lieut. George H. Derby, of the LTnited States
Topographical Corps, had been sent down by
the government in August, 1852, to superin-
tend the turning of the channel of the San Diego
river into False bay, to prevent it from carrying
sand into the bay of San Diego. Derby was a
wit as well as an engineer, and a famous cari-
caturist.

The Herald was intensely Democratic, and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

wns supixniiny with all its slrciigth John i;i_^;-
Icr fur governor; the ^^'llig" L-an<liuatc in Un-
contest was William Waldo. Ames had a call
to San Francisco to see the Democratic leaders,
and no doubt hoped to be seen b)^ them with
much needed coin for his influence. Lieut.
Derby, better known by his noin dc plume, John
Phoenix, was entrusted with the editorial man-
agement of the paper during Ames' absence.
He could not let slip so good an opportunity
for a practical joke. Derby was a Whig, or at
least became one for the time being. He
changed the politics of the paper and turned the
shafts of ridicule against Bigler and the Demo-
cratic party. Bigler was dubbed Wigler and
Waldo, Baldo. Ames was confronted in San
Francisco by his party managers with the evi-
dence of his paper's recreancy, and his hopes
of subsidy vanished.

He returned to San Diego. Derby thus de-
scribes the meeting: "The Thomas Neunt
(steamer Thomas Hunt) had arrived and a
rumor had reached our ears that 'Boston' was
on board. Public anxiety had been excited to
the highest pitch to witness the result of the
meeting between us. It had been stated publicly
that 'Boston' would whip us the moment he ar-
rived, but though we thought a conflict probable,
we had never been very sanguine as to its ter-
minating in that manner. Coolly we gazed
from the window of the ofifice upon the New
Town road ; we descried a cloud of dust in the
distance; high above it waved a whip lash, and
we said, 'Boston' cometh, 'and his driving is
like that of Jehu, the son of Nimshi, for he
driveth furiously.' Calmly we seated ourselves
in the arm chair and continued our labors upon
our IMagnificent Pictorial. Anon a step, a heavy
step, was heard upon the stairs, and Boston
stood before us. * * * We rose and with
an unfaltering voice said, 'Well, Judge, how do
you do?' He made no reply, but commenced
taking off his coat. We removed ours, also our
cravat. * * * The sixth and last round is
described by the pressmen and compositors as
having been fearfully scientific. We held Bos-
ton down over the press by our nose (which we
had inserted between his teeth for that pur-
pose), and while our hair was employed in hold-
ing one of his hands we held the other in our
left and with the 'sheep's foot' brandished above
our head shouted to him, 'Say Waldo !' 'Never !'
he gasped.

" ■( )h ! my Bigler!' he would have muttered.
I'.ut that he dried up ere the word was ut-
tered.

"At this moment we discovered that we had

lierii lalioring luider a 'misimderstanding,' and
througli the amicable intervention of the press-
man, who thrust a roller between our faces
(which gave the whole affair a very different
complexion), the matter was finally settled on
the most friendly terms, and without prejudice to
the honor of either party." He closes his de-
scription with the statement that "the public
can believe precisely as much as they please :
if they disbelieve the whole of it, we shall not
be at all offended."

Lieut. Derby's caricatures very nearly got
Jiim into serious trouble. When Jefferson Davis
was secretary of war (1853 to 1857) he was
continually intermeddling in the small affairs of
army life and was very generally disliked by
army officers, with the exception of a few per-
sonal favorites. He tried to direct everything
from "a review down to the purchase of shoe
blacking." He changed the patterns of uni-
forms, arms and equipments several times. It
was after one of these changes that Lieut.
Derby, then stationed at Fort Yuma, sent Davis
a suggestion for a new uniform, illustrated by a
series of drawings. The principal improve-
ment in the new uniform was a stout iron hook,
which was to be sewed to the rear of the trousers
of each private soldier. The illustrations showed
the uses to which this hook could be put. In
one a soldier was shown on the march carry-
ing a camp kettle, tin cup and other effects sus-
pended from this hook ; in another, a row of
men were hung by their hooks on a fence fast
asleep ; they were thus prevented from taking
cold by sleeping' on the damp ground. In a third
a company was shown advancing in line of bat-
tle, each man having a rope attached to his
hook, the other end of which was held by an
officer in the rear, who could restrain him if he
advanced too rapidly, or haul him back if he
was wounded. When Secretary Davis received
tliese he was in a towering rage and he an-
nounced that day at a cabinet meeting that he in-
tended to have Lieut. Derby tried before a court-
martial "organized to convict," and sunmiarily
dismissed. But the other secretaries, who en-
joyed the joke, convinced him that if the affair
became public he would be laughed at. Davis,
who was utterly devoid of the sense of humor,
reluctantly abandoned his court-martial scheme.

Derby published a book under the title of
Phoenixiana. It contained a munber of his San
Diego articles and his famous military uniform
drawings. It had an immense sale for a time,
but has long been out of print. He died a few
years later of softening of the lirain.

The Herald, after Phoenix's departure, ceased
to be a magnificent ]iictorial. It suspended pub-
lication in i8s8 and never resumed.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

123

STEAMSHIPS AND OVERLAND MAIL.

During the decade between 1850 and i860
the town made but little growth. There was
considerable travel between it and the other
ports of the coast. In 1851 and for six or seven
years later, "the fast-sailing United States mail
steamer 'Ohio,' Captain Haley, will run as
a regular packet, making her trip once
in every two weeks between San Fran-
cisco and San Diego, touching at the in-
termediate points of Santa Cruz, Monterey,
San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara and San Pe-
dro," so says an advertisement in the Los
Angeles Star of May 31, 1851. In 1853 and
1854 the "Southerner," of the Southern Accom-
modation Line, was making regular semi-
monthly trips between San Francisco and San
Diego, stopping at intermediate points. The
steamer "Sea Bird," of Goodwin & Co.'s line,
was making trips three times a month, leaving
San Francisco the 4th, 14th and 24th of each
month. The "Thomas Hunt" also was running
between San Francisco and San Diego. Once
a month the Panama steamer put into the port
with the eastern mail. In 1851 a semi-monthly
mail by land was established between Los An-
geles and San Diego.

But the event that promised the greatest out-
come for San Diego during the decade was the
establishment of an overland mail route between
San Antonio de Bexar, Tex., and San Diego.
The route was by the way of El Paso, Messillo,
Tucson and Colorado City (now Yuma) — 1,500
miles. The service was semi-monthly. The
contract was let to James E. Burch, the postal
department reserving "the right to curtail or
discontinue the service should any route subse-
((uently put under contract cover the whole or
any portion of the route."

The San Diego Herald, August 12, 1857, thus
notes the departure of the first train : "Tlie
pioneer mail train from San Diego to San An-
tonio, Tex., under the contract entered into by
the government with Mr. Jas. Burch, left here
on the yth inst. (August 9, 1857) at an
early hour in the morning, and is now push-
ing its way for the east at a rapid rate.
The mail was, of course, carried on pack ani-
mals, as will be the case until the wagons
which are being pushed across will have been
put on the line. The first train from this side
left in charge of Mr. R. W. Laine, who was
accompanied by some of the most active and
reliable young men in the county, the party
taking relay mules with them for use on the des-
ert. The intention is to push on at the rate of
fifty or sixty miles a day to Tucson, where, en-
tering the Apache country proper, a large party

will be organized to afiford proper protectiun
as far as El Paso del Norte or further if neces-
sary. The first mail from the other side has
not yet arrived, although somewhat overdue,
and conjecture is rife as to the cause of the
delay. Until the arrival of the next express
from Fort Yuma we will probably receive no
tidings from the country through which the mail
has to pass, but for our own part we see no
reason for alarm in the case. The train leaving
here took a large number of letters for Fort
Yuma, Tucson, Calabasas, El Paso, etc., in addi-
tion to the regular eastern mail." The eastern
arrived in a few days later and the San Diegans
went wild with joy and built in imagination a
city of vast proportions on the bay.

The service continued to improve and the
fifth trip from the eastward terminus "was made
in the extraordinary short time of twenty-six
days and twelve hours," and the San Diego
Herald on its arrival, October 6, rushed out
an extra "announcing the very gratifying fact
of the complete triumph of the southern route,
notwithstanding the croaking of many of the
opponents of the Administration in this state."
"The first mail," so said the extra, "from San
Diego had arrived at San Antonio in good style
and created naturally a great excitement, the
Texans taking fully as much interest in the es-
tablishment of the line as the Californians."

But the triumph of the "Southern route" was
of short duration. September, 1858, the stages
of the Butterfield line began making their semi-
weekly trips. This line came down the coast to
Gilroy, then througli the Pacheco Pass, up the
San Joaquin valley and by way of Fort Tejon
to Los Angeles ; then eastward by Temecula
and Warner's ranch to Yuma, then across Ari-
zona and New Mexico to El Paso, where it
turned north to St. Louis and Memphis, its east-
ern termini. San Diego and San Antonio were
sidetracked and the Southern route discon-
tinued.

OLD TOW X A.\l) NEW TOWN IN S'lATU OUO.

After this temporary spirt of enterprise, San
Diego lapsed into its old poco tiempo ways.
Old Town remained in statu quo and New
Town did not expand. There had been rumors
of a railroad in 1854 and in 1857, but the mut-
tering of the coming storm between the north
and the south had frightened capital and the
hope of a railroad had been given up. During
the Civil war, there were some troops always
at the barracks, sometimes one company, some-
times two or three. The soldiers stationed there
did not add much to the revenue oi the town.
The pay of a private was $13 a month in green-
backs, which, converted into coin at the rate

124

TITSTORICAL AND HIOriRAPHlCAL KFXoRD.

of lliirty t(i fort}- cciUs silver for a dollar cur-
rency, (lid not give the defenders of the coun-
try lavish amounts of spending money. A con-
siderable amount of the supplies for the troops
were landed at San Diego and sent to Fort
Yuma by wagon trains. This gave employment
to a number of men and teams and added to the
business of the town.

The drought years of 1863 and 1864 were not
so disastrous to San Diego as to some of the
other cow counties. The ranges were not so
heavily overstocked and there was more back'
country not covered by Spanish grants where
cattle could be driven wheii the feed was ex-
hausted on tlie other ranges.

CHAPTER XXIII.

SAN DIEGO COUNTY-Continued.

THE NEW ER.\.

UP TO 1867 San Diego town and county
had retained the Mexican customs and
conditions of early times more nearly un-
changed than any other town or county in the
state. Their awakening from a Rip Van Winkle
sleep, not of twenty years, but of twenty lus-
trums, was the work of one man. April 6,
1867, Alonzo E. Ilorton landed in San Diego.
He had come dow^n from San Francisco to build
a city. The outlook was not encouraging. Old
Town was appropriately named; anything new
in it would be out of place. It had the appear-
ance of having been finished years before and
then forgotten. New Town consisted of the
government barracks, officers' quarters, the
piles of the Davis wharf and a few houses that
had escaped the "wreck of matter" the soldiers
had made. Horton was not discouraged. The
bay was there. The climate was there and there
he determined to build a city.

Horton induced the town trustees to offer
a tract of land lying east of New Town on the
shore of the l)ay for sale. .\t the public sale
in May, 1867, he bid off a tract of nearly 900
acres of the pueblo lands at twenty-six cents
an acre, and had it surveyed and platted as Hor-
ton's Addition to San Diego. The tract is now
the center of the city of San Diego. He put
his tract on sale. It went slowly, very slowly
at first. His returns for the year 1867 were
but $3,000. He gave away land to any one
who would agree to make substantial improve-
ments. He deeded lots to churches, for hotels
and other improvements. He built a wharf, and
in 1869 began the erection of the Horton House,
the largest hotel at that time in Southern Cali-
fornia.

The seed that he had sown now began to
bear fruit. The ruiuor that there was a citv
building on the bay of San Diego had gone
abroad, and ])eoplc came to buy lots. .Vnother
nuuor, too, had been si)read, and that was that

the long-talked-of thirty-second parallel railroad
was a certainty. Tom Scott hail taken hold of
it and Tom Scott was a power in railroad cir-
cles. In 1868, immigration had begun to drift
southward and find lodgment in the coast coun-
ties. In the fall of 1869, the drift was to San
Diego, and it resembled an old-time "gold
rush." The author has a vivid recollection of
a voyage down the coast in the old Senator
in the fall of '69. Every berth had been sold a
week before the vessel sailed, and then the
agents of the company sold standing room.
The steamer's cooks and waiters commenced
feeding the passengers about six o'clock in the
morning and kept it up with slight interruptions
till nine at night. The dining saloon was small
and the crowd on board necessitated the setting
of the tables many times. When all had been
fed the tables were cleared, the passengers
without berths bunked on the tables, under the
tables, or wherever they could spread their
blankets. All or nearly all were bound to San
Diego to buy lots. The railroad was coming :
San Diego was destined to rival San Francisco,
and the lot buyers wanted to grow up with
the city. Many of the speculators wore old t'ali-
fornians wdio had not struck it rich, but were
sure they were on the right road now. One oM
'49er, in the spring of 1850, had owned a lot on
Montgomery street, San Francisco, and had
sold it for $400; now it w'as worth $100,000:
he would secure a lot in San Diego and hold
on to it and grow in wealth as the town grew in
size. And so the talk ran all day and far into
the night, of bay and climate, of house lots and
business blocks, of transcontinental railroads
and Oriental steamships, which were sure to
build up a mighty metropolis in the Southland.
.Vugust 4, 1868, Joseph Nash erected the first
store in New Town. Its entire population then
nuiubered twenty-three souls. In the spring of
: S70 the city had upwards of 800 buildings, with
a pojiulation of 3,000. .\mong its substantial
impriivements were two magnificent wharves.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

costing in the aggregate $80,000; a flouring
mill with a capacity of 300 barrels a day ; sev-
eral warehouses, half a dozen hotels, two brew-
■eries, a boot and shoe factory, a bank and two
newspapers.

The Horton House was coniplcted and
opened October 20, 1870. It cost nearly $150,-
000 and was then "the most elaborate, attractive
and spacious hotel outside of San Francisco."
The editor of tiie Bulletin, in a two-column
write-up of its attractions, classifies it with the
great hotels of the world ; his enumeration of
tlie great hostelries of 30 years ago is interest-
ing. Some of them have fallen from their high
estate. He says : "What the Grand Hotel is
to Paris ; Langham's to London ; the Astor,
Fifth Avenue and St. Nicholas to New York ;
the Continental to Philadelphia ; the Tremont
and Parker's to Boston ; Barnum's to Balti-
more ; St. Charles to New Orleans ; the Gait to
Louisville : the Southern to St. Louis ; the Sher-
man and Tremont to Chicago ; the Grand, Lick,
Occidental and Cosmopolitan to San Francisco,
and the Pico House to Los Angeles, the Horton
House is to San Diego." S. W. Churchill was
its first manager.

The act authorizing the construction of the
Thirty-Second Parallel, the Southern Trans-
Continental, the Southern Pacific, the Texas Pa-
cific Railroad (for it was called by all these
names) failed to pass at the session of congress
in 1869-70: but at the next session it passed by
a two-thirds vote on the 3d of March, 1871.
Then there was great rejoicing in the city by
the bay. The Bulletin says : "As we go to press
our city is in a blaze of glory. Fifth street looms
up like an immense conflagration. Bon-fires,
fireworks, anvil firing and rejoicing are the order
of the night." x\nd they had cause to rejoice.
For years they had been yearning for a railroad
with that "hope deferred that maketh the heart
sick" : and now their longings were soon to be
satisfied by the "Greatest Railroad of the Age,"
as the JVashiu_^ton Chronicle pronounced it.
That paper said : "Xo act of the Forty-first
Congress will be longer remembered to its
credit than that authorizing the construction of
a great trans-continental iron highway from the
eastern boundary of Texas, near Marshall, via
El Paso, to the town of San Diego, on the bay
of that name in the state of California." How
transitory is fame ! Both the railroad and the
Forty-first Congress have long since been for-
gotten !

The act of congress authorizing tlie build-
ing of the railroad settled the (juestion in the
minds of the San Diegans. To doubt its build-
ing was treason to San Diego. The future of
the citv was assured; and a brilliant future it

was — San Diego, the seaport of the Occident
and the entrepot of the Orient. Branch roads
were projected into the back country. San
Bernardino was clamoring for railroad connec-
tion with the metropolis of the south, and Tom
Scott was making overtures to Los Angeles for
a coast railroad from that city to San Diego.
The trade of the Orient would eventually pass
through San Diego to the east. There were
rumors of an Oriental steamship company in the
formative stage. The Panama steamers began
stopping at the port, and the Bulletin said: "\\'e
hail this event as only second to that in which
is recorded the passage of the Southern Pacific
Railroad bill." The prices of real estate went
up ; indeed, under the circumstances it would
have been impossible to keep them down. The
Bulletin of ^larch 25 says : "The real-estate
transactions of the past week are larger than
ever before in the history of San Diego and must
appear rather nauseating to those newspapers
which have been sneering at San Diego for the
past year. By the way, we know a gentleman
of San Jose who purchased a block on Fifth
street two years ago for $600 and was damned
by a paper of his town for so doing. He has
been offered $8,000 for the same since the bill
passed."

Horton sold $83,000 worth of lots in two
months after the passage of the bill and a num-
ber of real-estate agents were doing their best to
supply the demand. The boomer.^ like Sila-;
Wegg dropped into poetry and a song first sung
at a concert in Horton"s Hall became the popu-
lar ditty of San Diego. I give a few sample
stanzas :

"Away to the west, where the sun goes down.

Where the oranges grow by the cargo,
They've started a town, and are doing it up
brown,

( )n the bay of San Diego.

"The railroad, they say, is coming that way,
.\nd then they'll be neighbors to Chicago ;

So the)- built a big hotel, and built it mightv
well,
In the town of San Diego."

* * 5|: :»

Moral :
"Let's take an early train and haste with miglu
and main.
By lightning express if you say — go,
\\'here every man's a fortune in a lot that costs
him naught,
hi Ihe town of San Diego."

.\pril 14. 1871. the postmaster-genera! or-
dered a change of the name of the postofTice at

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

South San Diego to San Diego. So New Town,
South San Diego and Horton's Addition became
simply San Diego.

December 27, 1871, an election was held to
vote upon the issue of bonds to the amount of
$100,000 to be proffered to any railroad com-
pany that would build a railroad connecting San
Bernardino with San Diego. The bond issue
was carried with an overwhelming majoiity.
San Bernardino also held an election and voted
a bond issue equal to five per cent of its taxable
propertv for the same purpose.

The Bay Shore & Coast Road to Los Angeles
met with disaster. At the election held in Los
Angeles county to vote on the issue of railroad
bonds, the Texas Pacific Coast Line and the
Southern Pacific to Yuma were competitors.
The Southern Pacific won, securing bonds and
other subsidy to the amount of $610,000.

Li 1872, "Father" Horton, as he was famil-
iarly called, erected a large building for the
Texas Pacific Railroad offices, but the employes
of that corporation never occupied it. It was
afterward used as a city hall. Grading was
begun on the roadbed of the Texas Pacific in
the latter part of 1872, but was not pushed with
a great deal of vigor. About twelve miles of
roadbed in all were graded.

In 1873 came a financial crash. "Black Fri-
day in Wall street" was followed by one of the
worst panics that ever struck the country. For-
tunes crumbled, banks failed, capital hid, railroad
building stopped. Enterprises that had prom-
ised large returns were dropped immediately.
Work on the Texas Pacific ceased and was
never resumed.

San Diego during its bourn had grown to be
a city of 5,000 inhabitants. When work ceased
on the railroad the population began to dwindle
away. Building in the city ceased. There was
nothing to do to earn a living. People could
not live on climate, however invigorating, so
they left. Father Horton, during flush times,
liad sold a number of lots to working men on
the installment plan. They came to him and
offered to give up the lots and let him retain
the money i>aid if he would cancel their con-
tracts. With a generosity unknown in real-
estate deals he refunded all the money they had
paid and released them of their obligations. In
1875 the population hail dwindled down to about
1.500, and these were living largely on faith,
hope and climate.

The Kimball brothers, owners of the Ranclio
de la Nacion, had, during the flush times of the
early '70s, laid off a town on the bay about four
miles distant from San Diego, and named it
National Cily. It had shared in tiie ups and
downs of the larger citv.

A NEW KAILKOAD SCllEMi:.

In 1880 the Kimballs began agitating the
project of inducing the Atchison, Topeka& Santa
Fe Railroad, that had built out into New Mexi-
co, to continue its road to San Diego and
National City. They met with but little encour-
agement at home. T'or thirty years the people
of San Diego had been talking Pacific railroad
and their town was no nearer being the terminus
of a trans-continental road in '80 than it was in
'50. But the Kimballs persisted. One of the
Kimball brothers went east at his own expense
and presented his scheme to capitalists and rail-
road men. He met with little success at first,
but the offer of 17,000 acres of land on the bay
for workshops and terminal grounds induced the
directors of the road to investigate the propo-
sition. Other parties owning land contiguous
offered additional grants. The railroad company
accepted the subsidy and work was begun on
the road ; and in August, 1882, the California
Southern, as the road was then called, was com-
pleted to Colton, on the Southern Pacific ; and
in 1884 to San Bernardino. There it stopped.
The great flood of 1884 destroyed the track in
the Temecula canon and once more San Diego
was without railroad connection. In 1885 the
road through the canon had Ijeen rebuilt and
trains were running over it. During the same
year the work of extending the California South-
ern to Barstow, a station on the Atlantic & Pa-
cific, was begun, and early in 1887 was com-
pleted. This road and the connecting roads —
the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and the Atlantic
& Pacific — formed a trans-continental system of
which San Diego and National City were the
western termini.

\\'ith the rebuilding of the California South-
ern through the cafion in 1885, and the begin-
ning of work on its extension, the cloud of de-
spondency that had darkened the hopes of the
.San Diegans began to lift a little : as work pro-
gressed and a trans-continental line became
more of a certainty, capitalists and speculators
came to the town to look around. The old-
timers who had loaded up with lots in the boom
of 1871-72 and had held on through all the inter-
vening years, simply because they could not
let go without losing all, began quietly to unload
on the newcomers. The old resident had faith
— faith unbounded — in the future of the citw
but out of charity to the lot-less he was willing
to divide a good thing; and when the transfer
was made he chuckled over his smartness. But
when the buyer turned over his purchase at
an advance ' of twenty-five or fifty per

and at tlie next transfer, when the price ad-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

137

vanccd a liumlrcd per cent, the sigh increased
to a groan.

As the reverberations of the boom grew
louder the faithful old inhabitant turned specula-
tor himself and loaded up perhaps with a single
lot of the block he had formerly sold, at a price
a hundred per cent higher than he had received
for the entire tract. In the spring and summer
of 1887, speculation ran riot in the streets of
San Diego. Prices of real estate went up until
it seemed as if they could go no higher ; then
some adventurous investor would break the rec-
ord and the holders along the line would mark
up the price of their holdings. Business lots,
that a few years before were a drug on the mar-
ket at $25 a front foot, found buyers at $2,500
a foot. A small-sized store room rented all the
way from $300 to $500 a month for business, and
if cut up into stalls for real estate brokers,
brought in a thousand a month. Small and
poorly furnished sleeping rooms rented all the
way from $25 to $50 a month, prices varying
with the landlord's cupidity and the tenant's
necessity. The prices of labor kept pace with
speculation. Carpenters received $5 to $6 a
day, bricklayers $6 to $8. Barbers asked twenty-
five cents for a shave and printers earned $50 to
$60 a week.

The fame of San Diego's boom spread abroad.
The trains came in loaded with speculators,
boomers, gamblers and bona fide home-seekers.
In the wild gold rush of the early '50s it was
a common saying among old Californians "that
renegade ministers made the most adroit gam-
blers." So in the boom of '87 the confiding
home-seeker often proved to be the most un-
scrupulous operator. At one time during the
height of the boom it was estimated that the
city had a population of 50,000 people. It was
a cosmopolitan conglomeration. .Mmost every
civilized nation on earth was represented ; and
every social condition, high and low, good and
bad, was there, too.

The excitement was not confined to San
Diego city. It s]iread over the county. New
towns were founded. The founder in selecting
a location was governed more by the revenue
that might accrue from his speculation than by
the resources that would build up his inchoate
metropolis. It might be platted on an inaccessi-
ble mesa, where view was the principal resource,
or it might be a hyphenated cily-by-the-sea,
where the investor might while away his time
listening to what the wild waves were saying
and subsist on climate.

It is said that two town sites extended out
over the bay like Mark Twain's tunnel that was
• bored through the hill and a hundred and fifty
feet into the air. When the fever of speculation

was at its height it mattered little where the town
was located. A tastefully lithographed map
with a health-giving sanatorium in one corner,
a tourist hotel in the other, palms lining the
streets, and orange trees in the distance — add to
these picturesque attractions a glib-tongued
agent, untranuiieled by conscience and unac-
quainted with truth, and the town was success-
fully founded. Purchasers did not buy to hold,
but with hope of making a quick turn at an
advance, while the excitement was on. \'ery
few had confidence in the permanency of high
prices, but every one expected to unload before
the crash came.

The tourist crop of the winter of 1887-88 was
expected to be very large, but it did not mature.
As the eventful year of 1887 drew to a close
and new victims ceased to appear, he who
had loaded up for the tourist began to look
around quietly for a chance to unload on his fel-
lows. Then he discovered to his dismay that'
all the others were at the same game. Then
the crash came. The speculator who held the
last contract could not pay ; the one before him
could not meet his obligations miless the man
to whom he had sold paid up ; and so it went
all along the line like a row of bricks set on end.
The end one toppling over the one next to it
starts the movement down the line, and all go
down. Before the ides of March had passed
every speculator was vainly trying to save some-
thing from the wreck. Those who had invested
recklessly in boom towns and dry lands lost all ;
those who had some good unincumbered prop-
erty in a town or city with a future managed
to save a little out of the crash, but "capitalist"
no longer followed their names in the directory.

No better criterion probably can be given for
measuring the great inflation of property values
during the boom tlian the countv assessment
rolls for 1887 and 188S. The valuation of all
pioperty macle by the county assessor at the be-
ginning of the boom early in 1887 ^^'3'' $22,862,-
250. The assessed value fixed early in 1888 be-
fore the collapse had begun was $41,522,608, an
increase of almost one hundred per cent in
twelve months. In iSqo the assessment had
contracted to $26,871,551.

But with all its wild extravagance, its reckless-
ness, its gambling, its waste and its ruined "mil-
lionaires of a day," the boom to San Diego was
a blessing in disguise. It projected enterprises
of merit as well as those of demerit. It helped
to make a reality of that "back country" that for
years had been a myth, and it brought about
the building of a substantial city of what had
before been a crude and inchoate burgh. Strange
to say, too, the great enterprises projected dur-
ing tiic boom were all carried on to completion.

128

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

notuithstanding the liard times that followed.
Depression did not stop progression.

The San Dici^o Sun, two years after the boom,
summing up what had been done since, says :
"Since 1887, the Cuyamaca Railway has been
built and motor lines extended at a cash outlay
of $350,000; the Spreckel's Company has put
$250,000 into a wharf and coal bunkers ; all our
business streets have been paved; a $100,000
court-house built and paid for; three line school-
houses, and all our big hotels except two con-
structed. Five miles of cable road have been
built and put in operation ; a fine public library
has been established ; a new opera-house will
soon be completed. The adjacent mining regions
have yielded at least $1,000,000 in gold. The
great irrigating works of the Sweetwater dam
and San Diego flume, involving an expense of
$2,500,000, have been constructed, and water
supplied at the lowest western prices. Not less
tlian fifteen elegant business blocks have been
built, and several fine churches. Over a hun-
dred new residences have been built on Flor-
ence Heights alone. To sum it all up, $10,000,-
000 have been invested in San Diego and its en-
virons since 1887, and the back country has ob-
tained and planted 600,000 fruit trees ; which,
with those already out, promise to fill, seven
years hence, 10,000 freight cars with merchant-
able products."

The Federal census of 1890 gave the popula-
tion of county as 34,987; and that of the city
16,159. It was charged that the census of the
city was very incorrectly taken and that the
real population was over 20,000.

During the years 1889 and 1890 the city and
county were recovering from the depression
caused by the collapse of the boom, but 1891
was a year of disasters. February 22, a great
flood entirely destroyed the railroad track
through the Temecula canon. The road through
the canon has never been rebuilt. During the
same storm the Tia Juana River, that is usually
a dry sand wash, became a tremendous torrent,
spreading out until it was as wide as the Colo-
rado in a spring rise. The town on the Amer-
ican side was entirely washed away, and of that
on the Mexican only the houses on upper Mesa
were left. The Ota'y Watch Works, started in
18S7, and at one time employing over one hun-
dred operatives, suspended and the employes
were compelled to leave.

In October the California National Bank,
with more than a million dollars in deposits,
failed. The Savings Bank connected with it
went down, too, in the crash. Neither ever re-
sumed business. Their afTairs were placed in the
hands of a receiver. .-\ few small dividends were
paid the depositors, but the bulk of the deposits

were lost by bad management, wild speculation
and the doubtful business methods of J. W. Col-
lins and his partner, D. D. Dare. Collins was
arrested, and shortly afterwards committed sui-
cide. Dare, who was in Europe at the time of
the failure, never returned to San Diego.

February 7, 1892, the Pacific Mail steamers
began stopping again at San Diego for passen-
gers and freight. The wharf of the United
States government station at La Playa was com-
pleted April 25, 1892. The cable road was ex-
tended to the Mission ClifT in July, 1892.

By an act of the Legislature, approved March
1 1, 1893, 6,418 square miles were taken from the
northern part of San Diego to form the new
county of Riverside. The new county appropri-
ated $3,849,1 14 of the old county's assessed valu-
ation. The area of San Diego is now 8,551
square miles. She parted with the towns of
Temecula, Elsinore, Murietta, San Jacinto and
^^'inchester. The county division scheme was
opposed by San Diego and San Bernardino,
but was carried in spite of their protests.

In 1896 the San Diego Brewery, costing
$150,000, was erectetl entirely by San Diego
capital.

In 1898, a decade after the collapse of the
boom, the city had five miles of paved streets,
forty-three miles of graded streets and forty-five
miles of sewers: It had twenty-four churches
and fourteen schools.

January 21. 1899, the steamship, Belgian King,
the first of the California and Oriental Steam-
ship Company's vessels, arrived in port.

August 22, 1899, the steamer, Thyra, the
largest vessel that ever entered the port, draw-
ing twenty-seven feet of water, passed safely
over the bar and entered the harbor.

^lay I, 1899, the State Normal School on the
North Mesa was dedicated.

July 28, 1899, Andrew Carnegie donated San
Diego $50,000 for a free public library building.

The first public school opened in San Diego
was taught by Manuel dc \"argas, a retired ser-
geant of infantry. He was the pioneer school-
master of California, having taught a school at
San Jose in 1794. the first school opened in the
territory. He taught in San Diego from July.
1795, to December, 1798, at a yearly salary of
$250. Don Jose .\ntonio Carrillo is said to have
taught a school at the presidio in 1812-13. An-
tonio Afenendez was teaching in the old town
in 1828-29. Eighteen cliildren were j-eported
in attendance. In 1844 Crtivernor Micheltorena
issued a decree, establishing primary schools
at San Diego, Los Angeles. Santa Barbara and
several other towns. Tliis seems to have been

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the last school taught at San Diego under Mex-
ican rule.

After the American form of government was
estabHshed, a school was opened in Old Town
about 1853. The early school records have dis-
appeared, if, indeed, any were kept.

In 1867, fifteen years after a public-school
system had been established in California by
law, San Diego county was all included in one
school district and had but one teacher and one
school house within its limits. It was then
probably the largest school district in the United
States. In 1866 the number of white children
between five and fifteen years of age, according
to the school census of that year, was 335. The
census of 1867 gave an increase of only three,
which would seem to indicate a short crop that
year.

The number who attended public school in
1867 was thirty-two; those attending private
schools twenty-two — a total attendance of fifty-
four, or about si.xteen per cent of the children of
school age. This was but little, if any, improve-
ment on the school attendance of Mexican days.
In 1877 the census children had increased to
1,693; tbe number attending public schools 919,
and private scjiools 112. .The number of districts
had increased to thirty-four and the number of
teachers to thirty-five. In 1887 the total num-
ber of census children was 5,299; enrolled in the
piililic schools, 3,952. The number of districts
was eighty-two and the number of teachers, 115.

THE S.\N DIECO I'l^EE PUBLIC t-IBRARV.

'l"he public library was founded in 1882. The
first president of the library board was Bryant
Howard ; secretary, E. W. Hendrick ; treasurer,
G. H. Hitchcock ; trustees, G. W. MarstonandR,
M. Powers. The Commercial Bank donated the
free use of a room for six months. Donations
uf l)ooks were made by a number of persons and
a city tax levied for the support of the library.

In the early part of 1899 Mrs. Lydia M. Hor-
ton, who was at that time a member of the free
library board, wrote to the millionaire philan-
thropist, Andrew Carnegie, asking a donation to
erect a library building. On the 28th of July,
1899, she received a letter from Mr. Carnegie,
stating that "If the city were to pledge itself
to maintain a free public library from the taxes,
say to the extent of the amount you name of be-
tween $5,000 to $6,000 a year and provide a site,
[ shall be glad to give you $50,000 to erect a
suitable library building." The proposition was
accepted at once. .V site was secured on E street,
between Eighth and Ninth streets, at a cost
of $17,000; of which $8,000 was raised by sub-
scription and the balance paid by the city. The
site covers half a block. The building now in

course of erection will cost about $60,000. The
library contains about 18,000 volumes. Mary E.
\\'alker is the present librarian.

CH.\MBER OF COMMERCE.

The San Diego Chamber of Commerce was
organized January 20, 1870, and is the oldest
institution of that kind in Southern California.
The organizers were A. E. Horton, E. W.
Morse, David Felsenheld, Aaron Pauly, G. W.
B. McDonald, J. W. Gale, D. Choate and Jo-
seph Nash. Its first president was Aaron Pauly ;
and first secretary, David Felsenheld. It has
been for more than thirty years active in foster-
ing and promoting every public enterprise look-
ing to the welfare of San Diego city and county.

OTHER CITIES AND TOWNS.

Or.D TOWN.

Old Town, now the first ward of the city, is
the San Diego of history and romance. It is
three miles northwest of the city proper. The
surf line of the Santa Fe Railroad system passes
through the lower portion of it. From 1850 to
1868 it was the county seat. Prior to 1850 it
was all that there was of the city or town of San
Diego. Here the first germ of civilization in
California was planted. The first mission was
established here ; and here the first Indian con-
vert was baptized.

Dana and Robinson made it famous in their
books on life in the California of olden times ;
and Helen Hunt Jackson has invested it with an
air of romance by making it the scenes of the
marriage of her hero and heroine in her story of
Ramona. The house in which Ramona was
married to .Mcssandro is still pointed out to the
tourist.

The San Diego Sun of January 12, 1892, thus
rudely tears away the veil of sentiment that Mrs.
Jackson threw around her famous characters
and shows them up as they were in real life :
"The real Alessandro was a horse thief who
\\as shot for his crimes by a San Jacinto man,
wlio is still living. Ramona is a squaw of well-
understood character, who lives upon her noto-
riety and her ofifenses.''

NArr0N.\L CITY.

The Kimball Brothers in 1869 bought the
Rancho de la Nacion, containing 27,000 acres.
They subdivided a portion of it into farm lots,
built a wharf and laid oft a town on the bay
four miles south of San Diego, which they
named National City. They were quite success-
ful in selling lots, and for a time there was a
spirited and somewhat acrimonious rivalry be-
tween New Town and National Citv. The fail-

130

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ure of the Texas Pacific Railroad disastrously
affected it, as well as its rival. The California
Southern Railroad, in consideration of a gift of
17,000 acres of land made by the Kimballs, lo-
cated its Pacific terminus at National City.
Again the town was on the high tide of pros-
perity. The removal of the railroad shops be-
gun in 1892. The dry seasons of 1898-99 and
1900 have had a depressing effect upon it, but its
inhabitants have not lost faith in its future.

CORON.VDO.

Coronado Beach, or Coronado as it is usually
called, is a peninsula that divides San Diego
Harbor from the ocean. Up to 1886 it was
covered with a dense growth of chaparral. E. S.
Babcock originated the scheme of building a
town and an immense tourist hotel on it. The
Coronado Beach Company was organized and
work begun. The bru.sh was clearetl off, streets
graded, sewers laid and town lots thrown on the
market in time to be caught by the boom. The
lots advanced rapidly in value and Babcock's
scheme proved to have "millions in it." The erec-
tion of the Hotel del Coronado was begun early
in 1887, and completed in December of that
year. The building covers seven acres of ground
and can accommodate seven hundred guests.
It is one of the largest caravansaries in the
world. The dreary and desolate looking pen-
insula of fifteen years ago is now covered with
elegant residences, green lawns and flower gar-
dens. It is reached from San Diego by a steam
ferry that connects with an electric railroad that
runs to the ocean front of the hotel, a mile
distant from the ferry.

0CE.\NSIDE.

Oceanside on the surf line of the Santa Fe
Railroad system is forty-one miles by rail north
of San Diego. It was founded in 1884 and
during the boom grew japidly. The Fallbrook
branch railroad, once the main line of the Cali-
fornia Southern, leaves the Surf Line at Ocean-
siile. The railroad to Escondido forms a junc-
tion here with the Surf Line between San Diego
and Los .\ngeles.

The town is four miles from the Old Mission
of San Luis Rey and has the rich San Luis Rey
valley for its back country. It has several gen-
eral merchandise stores which have a good local
trade.

liSco.Numo.

Escondido, Hidden \'alley or Rincon ilel Di-
ablo, The Devil's Corner, was formerlv known

as \\'olfskiirs rancho and comprises about 13,-
000 acres of the San Marcos grant. In 1885
it was purchased by a syndicate of San Diego
and Los Angeles capitalists, who subdivided it
into small farms and laid off a town. The lands
had a rapid sale. A large hotel, a bank building
and a number of business blocks w^ere built be-
tween 1886 and 1890. The farm lands have
been planted to citrus fruits and raisin grapes.

F.\LLBRO0K.

Fallbrook, on the western slope of the Coast
Range mountains, is twelve miles in a direct
line from the coast and sixty-one from San
Diego by the railroad. Since the great Hoot!
of 1892, which destroyed the railroad in the
Temecula Canon, Fallbrook has been the ter-
minus of the eastern end of the road which is
now known as the Fallbrook branch. The older
settlement is back a mile or two from the rail-
road. The town has grown up since the build-
ing of the railroad. It has two large hotels
and several business houses.

P-\L.\ (Shovel), once an asisteiicia or auxiliary
of San Luis Rey Mission, is located in the
upper San Luis Rey valley about seventeen
miles from the coast and fifty miles north of
San Diego. It is largely an Indian settlement.
These descendants of the Mission Indians keep
up many of the old customs and observances.
The Mission Capilla or Chapel still stands in a
fair state of preservation. Services are held in
it once a month. There is here some of the
finest vine and fruit land in the county.

JuLi.\N, fifty-five miles northeast from San
Diego bay, in the mountain regions, is 4,500
feet above the sea level. It owes its origin to
a mining rush. In February, 1870, gold was
discovered near the ranch of M. S. Julian. The
news of the discovery caused a rush and a town
was built and named after the proprietor. .\
number of rich claims were located and for
several years a considerable quantity of gold
was taken out. The Cuyamaca grant owners
laid claim to the mines. After a legal contest,
lasting five years, the miners won. Much of the
country around Julian is adapted to stock rais-
ing. There are some fine orchards of apples,
])ears, plums and peaches in the Julian district.

B.\NNKU is a mining" .settlement four miles
cast of Julian, but 1,500 feet lower. It is on the
desert side of the divide in the San Felijie
Canon, the waters of which sink into the desert.
The town has several quartz mills, a store, post
'office and school house.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER XXIV.

LOS ANGELES COUNTY.

EXTENT OF THE ORIGINAL COUNTV.

THE original county of Los Angeles was
an empire in itself. It extended from
the Pacific ocean on the west to the
Colorado river on the east, and from San
Diego county on the south to Mariposa on
the north. Its area was about 32,000 square
miles, or a little more than one-fifth of the
area of the entire state. Excepting Maine,
it was equal in size to the total area of the
other five New England states.

The boundaries, as given in the act of
February 18, 1850, dividing the state into
counties, were very indefinite, but as a vast ex-
tent of Los Angeles county was a terra in-
cognito, inhabited by wandering savages, no
conflict arose in regard to jurisdiction, except
with these Indians and that was settled by bul-
lets and not by boundary lines.

An act of the second legislature re])caled
the former act, and more clearly defined the
boundaries of the county. It is as follows :

"Section 3. — County of Los Angeles. — Be-
ginning on the coast of the Pacific, at a point
parallel with the northern boundary of the
rancho called Malaga ; thence in a direction
so as to include said rancho, to the northwest
corner of the rancho, known as Triunifo, run-
ning on the northerly line of the same to the
northea.st corner ; thence to the summit of the
ridge of hills called Santa Susanna ; thence in
a direct line to the rancho Casteyne (Castaic)
and Lejon (El Tejon), and along their northern
line to the northeastern corners, and thence in
a northeast line to the eastern boundary of the
state, and along said boundary line to the junc-
tion of the northern boundary of San Diego
county with the Colorado ; thence in a north-
westerly direction parallel with the coast to a
point tliree miles from land, and opposite to the
southern boundary of the rancho called Mal-
aga, and thence east to the place of beginning;
including the island of Santa Catalina and San
Clement. The seat of justice shall be at Los
Angeles."

In 1851, a colony of Mormons from Salt Lake
located where now the city of San Bernardino
stands, on a tract of land bought from the Lugos.

They were reinforced by other immigrants from
Salt Lake and by some non-Mormon families.
The settlement grew quite rapidly. These
settlers petitioned the legislature of 1853 to
create a new county out of the eastern portion
of Los Angeles county. By an act entitled,
"An Act for dividing the county of Los An-
geles and making a new county therefrom to
be called San Bernardino county," approved
April 26, 1853, it was provided:

"Section 3. — The county of Los Angeles is
hereby divided as follows : Beginning at a
point where a due south line drawn from the
highest peak of the Sierra de Santiago inter-
sects the northern boundary of San Diego
county ; thence running along the summit of
said Sierra to the Santa Ana river, between the
ranch of Sierra and the residence of Bernardo
Yorba ; thence across the Santa Ana river along
the summit of the range of hills that lie bc"
tween the Coyotes and Chino (leaving the
ranchos of Ontiveras and Ybarra to the west of
this line), to the southeast corner of the ranch
of San Jose; thence along the eastern boun-
daries of said ranch and of San Antonio, and
the western and northern boundaries of Cucai-
monga ranch to the ravine of Cucaimonga ;
thence up said ravine to its source in the Coast
Range ; thence due north to the northern boun-
dary of Los Angeles county; thence north-
east to the State Line; thence along the State
Line to the northern boundary line of San Diego
county, thence westerly along the northern boun-
dary of San Diego to the place of beginning.

"Section 4. — The eastern jiortion of Los An-
geles county so cut off, shall be called San
Bernardino county and the seat of justice thereof
shall be at such a place as a majority of voters
shall determine at the first county election, here-
inafter provided to be held in said county and
shall remain at the place .so designated until
changed by the people, as provided by law."

The formation of the new county cut ofT about
24,000 square miles from Los Angeles, but still
leaving her 8,000 square miles. She held on to
this territory for thirteen years, then she had to
give up another slice of her territory, but as this
was mostly mountains and deserts there was
no opposition to the segregation.

132

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

In 1866 the county of Kern was formed out
of portions of Tulare and Los Angeles counties.
The area of Los Angeles after the creation of
Kern county was about 5,000 square miles.

In 1869 began the struggle to cut ofif a por-
tion from the southeastern part to form a new
county. This movement the people of Los An-
geles resisted. The contest over county division
lasted for twenty years. It ended in 1889 with
the formation of Orange county. The story of
this long drawn out contest is told m full in the
history of Orange county.

After the formation of Orange county Los
Angeles had an area of 3,880 square miles. In
1891 an efifort was made to cut a slice ofif the
eastern side to form with territory taken from
San Bernardino the county of Pomona. For-
tunately the scheme failed.

ORG.\NIZ.\TI0N OF THE COUNTY GOVERNMENT.

The transition from the Mexican form of gov-
ernment in California to that of the United
States was very gradual. Los Angeles the last
Mexican stronghold surrendered January 10,
1847. It was not until June 24, 1850, that the
American municipal form of government by
county officers superseded the ayuntamientos,
alcaldes, prefects and sindicos of Spain and
Mexico. The legislature had passed a county
government act, February 18, 1850, and had pro-
vided for an election of county officers to be
held the first Monday of April. The election
was held, April i, 377 votes were cast in the
county and the following named officers elected :
county judge, Augustin Olvera ; county attor-
ney, Benjamin Hays ; county clerk, B. D. Wil-
son ; sheriff, G. Thompson Burrill ; treasurer,
Manuel Garfias ; assessor, Antonio F. Coronel ;
recorder, Ignacio del \'alle ; surveyor, J. R.
Conway; coroner, Charles B. Cullcn.

COURT OF SESSIONS.

The court of sessions which consisted of the
county judge and two justices of the peace con-
stituted the legislative body of the county gov-
ernments of the state up to 1853, when the civil
business of the counties was turned over to
a board of supervisors, created by an act of the
legislature. The court of sessions had jurisdic-
tion over the criminal business, the impaneling
of juries and filling vacancies in oflfice up to
1865, when it was legislated out of office.

The court of sessions was the motive ]io\\er
that set the county machinery in operation. The
first meeting of tlie court in Los ,\ngeles was
held June 24, 1850. Hon. Augustin Olvera was
the presiding judge; the associate justices were
Jonathan R. Scott and Luis Roubidoau. .An-
tonio F. Coronel, as'^cssor-elect. and Charles R.

Cullen, coroner-elect, were cited before tru.
court to qualify and file their official bonds.
Coronel appeared ne.xt day and qualified, but
Cullen declined to serve.

At the meeting of the court, June 26, jailer
Samuel Whiting was allowed $7 per day salary,
out of which he was to employ a competent
assistant. He was allowed "for feeding the pris-
oners, fifty cents each ; that each prisoner shall
have per day an amount of bread to the value of
twelve and one-half cents or an equivalent in
rice or beans ; balance of the allowance in good
meat."

A. P. Hodges, M. D., was appointed coroner
(during his term as coroner he also served as
the first mayor of the city). The county judge
could not speak English and at least one asso-
ciate judge spoke no Spanish, so G. Thompson
Burrill was appointed county interpreter for the
court at a salary of $50 per month. He was also
sherifif.

At the session of July 11, 1850, it was or-
dered that the town council be permitted to
work the county prisoners by paying the daily
expense of each one's keeping — fifty cents. A
master stroke of economy. Some one has sneer-
ingly said that the first public buildings the
Americans built in California after it came into
their possession, were jails. This was true of
Los Angeles and in fact of all the counties of
southern California.

July II, 1850, commissioners were appointeil
by the city and county to select a site for a jail.
Lots Nos. I, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9 in square No. 34
(north of the Plaza church) were selected for a
jail site. The city council was asked to donate
said lots to the county and the city was re-
quested to loan the county $2,000, to be used
in building said jail, the city council to have
permission to use said jail until the loan is re-
funded. The city fathers did not take kindly
to these requests of the judges ; so the county
had to worry along two years longer before a
jail was built and then it was not built on the
site selected by the joint commission.

JUDGES OF THE PL.MXS.

There was one Hispano-American institution
that long survived the fall of Mexican domina-
tion in California; and that was the office of
Jueces del Campo, Judges of the Plains. A judge
of the plains was a very im])ortant functionary.
Tt was his duty to be present at the annual
Rodeos (round ups of cattle), and Rccojcdas
(gathering up of horses). His seat of justice was
in the saddle, his court room the mesa, and from
his decision there was no appeal. All dis])utes
nl)nut ownership of stock came before him. The
ciidc iif ills court was unwritten, or nio^tlv so,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

133

which was fortunate for many of the judges
could not read. This hap-hazard way of ad-
ministering justice did not suit American ideas,
so, at a meeting of the court of sessions, July
23, 1850, the county attorney was ordered "to
collect the various Bandos and Reglamentos
heretofore made in this district respecting the
Jueces del Canipo and give his opinion upon the
same at the next term of this court." At the
session of the court, August 22, the county at-
torney reported a number of regulations, some
written, others established by custom. The court
added several new regulations to those already
existing, the most important of which (to the
Jueces) was a salary of one hundred dollars a
year to each judge, payable out of the county
treasury. Under Mexican rule the plains judge
took his pay in honor. As there were a round
dozen of these officials in the county in 1850,
their aggregate pay e.xcceded the entire expense
of the municipal government of the district dur-
ing the last year of the Mexican rule. After
jails the next innovation the Americans intro-
duced was taxes.

Even at this early day, before California had
become a state, there were "Patriotas de Bolsa"
(patriots of the pocket), men who knew how to
make a good thing of their patriotic services.
In the summer of 1850, an expedition under
Gen. Joseph C. Morehead had been sent against
the mountain Indians, who had been stealing
horses from the Los Angeles rancheros. In a
skirmish with the Indian horse thieves, a militia-
man named William Carr was wounded. Gen.
Morehead sent him back to Los Angeles to
have him taken care of. At the session of the
court, September i8th, the medico wdio doctored
the wounded soldier presented a bill of $503 ;
the patriotic American who boarded him de-
manded $120, and the man who lodged him
charged $45 for house rent. The native Cali-
fornian who waited on him was satisfied with
$30, but then he was not a patriot ! The bills were
approved, but as the county treasury was as
empty as the ranchero's corrals after an Indian
raid, the accounts were referred to the incom-
ing legislature for settlement. It is gratifying
to know that this valuable soldier "lived to fight
another day," but it is to be hoped that for mo-
tives of economy he kept out of reach of In-
dian arrows.

FEES AND SALARIES.

The first fee and salary bill of California was
based upon prices ruling in the mining counties
where a sherifif's fees amounted to more than
the salary of the president of the United States.
The liberal fees allowed for official services
soon bankrupted the treasuries of the cow coun-

ties, and in 1851 they were petitioning the leg-
islature for a reduction of fees. It cost $100 to
hold an inquest on a dead Indian and as vio-
lent deaths were of almost daily or nightly oc-
currence, the coroner's office was quite lucrative.
Some of the verdicts of the coroner's juries
showed remarkable familiarity with the decrees
of the Almighty. On a native Californian
named Gamico, found dead in the street, the
verdict was "Death by the visitation of God."
Of a dead Indian, found near the zanja, the Los
Angeles Star says: "Justice Dryden and a jury
sat on the body. The verdict was 'Death from
intoxication or by the visitation of God.' Bacilio
was a Christian Indian and was confessed by
the reverend padre yesterday afternoon." The
jurors were paid $10 each for sitting on a body.
Coroner Hodges made the champion record on
inquests. October 20, 1851, he held eleven in-
quests in one day. These were held on Irving's
band of horse thieves and robbers who were
killed by the Cahuilla Indians in the San Ber-
nardino mountains.

The criminal element had been steadily in-
creasing in Los Angeles. In 185 1, a military
company was organized to aid the sherifif in
keeping order. November 24, 1851, the court
of session ordered that the sheriff cause fifty
good lances to be made for the use of the vol-
unteer company. The pioneer blacksmith, John
Goller, made the lances and was paid $87.50
for the job. Goller also made a branding iron
for the county. The county brand consisted of
the letters "LA" three inches long. In January,

1852, the house occupied by Benjamin Hays,
under lease from Felipe Garcia, was sublet by
him to the county for a court house for the
balance of his term, expiring November 16,

1853. The sum of $650 was appropriated by
order of the court of sessions to pay the rent
for the agreed term. The first building used for
a court house was the old government house
that Pio Pico bought from Isaac \\'illiams for
the capitol. Pico had resided in it during his
term as governor. After the conquest two com-
panies of United States Dragoons were quar-
tered in it. A contract was let, July 8, 1851, to
build a jail and John G. Nichols appointed at $6
a day to superintend the job, but some mis-
understanding with the city arising, the build-
ing was not erected, and September 13, 1851, the
court ordered the sheriff to sell the adobes now
on hand for use of jail at the highest market
price and turn the money over to the clerk of tlie
court.

The first county jail was the adobe building
on the hill back of the Downey (then Temple)
block used by the troops for a guard house.
There were no cells in it. Staples were driven

13i

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

into a heavy pine log that reached across the
building and short chains attached to the sta-
ples were fastened to the handcuffs of the pris-
oners. Solitary confinement was cflit of the
question then. Indian culprits were chained to
logs outside of the jail so that they could more
fully enjoy the glorious climate of California.
In 1853, the city and county built a jail on the
present site of the Phillips block, northwest
corner of Spring and Franklin streets. It was
the first public building erected in the county.

The legislature of 1852 created the office of
county supervisor. The first election for super-
visors of the county was held June 14, 1852,
and the following named persons elected : Jef-
ferson Hunt, Julian Chavis, Francisco P. Tem-
ple, Manuel Requena and Samuel Arbuckle.
The board held its first meeting on the first
Monday of July, 1852. Arbuckle was elected
chairman. The supervisors transacted the civil
business of the county.

The machinery of the county's government
was now in full working order. We will turn
our attention to other phases of its development.

THE FIRST DECADE OF COUNTY'S
HISTORY, 18S0-1860.

In what comprised the original county of Los
Angeles there were during the Spanish and
Mexican regimes sixty grants of land made.
These varied in size from a grant of 44.36 acres
to the Mission of San Juan Capistrano to the
Rancho Ex-Mission of San Fernando, granted
to Eulogio de Cells, containing 121,619.24 acres.

At the time of the conquest about all the land
fit for pasturage had been sequestered from the
public domain in the form of grants. The oldest
grants made within what is now the county of
Los Angeles are the Nietos and the San Rafael.
According to Col. J. J. Warner's historical
sketch, "The Nietos tract, embracing all the
land between the Santa Ana and San Gabriel
and from the sea to and including some of the
hill land on its northeastern frontier, was granted
by Governor Pedro Pages to Manuel Nielo in
1784."

"The San Rafael tract, lying on the left bank
of the Los Angeles river and extending to the
Arroyo Seco, was granted by Governor Pedro
Pages, October 20, 1784, and the grant was re-
affirmed by Governor Borica, January 12, 1798,
to Jose Maria Verdugo." If, as Col. Warner
claims, the "Nietos tract" embraced all the land
between the Santa Ana and the San Gabriel
rivers, from the sea to the hills, Nietos' heirs did
nut hold it. Subscnuenllv there were a number

of grants made in that territory. The Mission
San Gabriel, previous to 1830, had possession
of several subdivisions of this tract such as Las
Bolsas, Alamitos, Los Coyotes, Puente and
others. After the secularization of the missions
all the lands held by the padres, except small
tracts in the innnediate neighborhood of the
mission buildings, were granted to private
owners.

Shortly after the admission of California to
the Union the long-drawn-out legal contests
over the confirmation of the Spanish and Mex-
ican grants began. These contests, in some
cases, were waged for years before the United
States Claims Commission, the various courts
and the land commissioner at Washington, be-
fore they were settled. Litigation often ruined
both the contesting parties, and when the case
was finally decided the litigants, like in "Jarn-
dyce vs. Jarndyce," had nothing left but bundles
of legal documents. Even when a claimant did
win and the decisions of courts and conmiis-
sions gave him undisputed possession of his
broad acres, it often happened that a cancerous
mortgage, the result of litigation, was eating
away his patrimony. The land grants in Los An-
geles have all been confirmed and it is to be
hoped that they will remain so. No greater
blight can fall on a community than an attack
upon the validity of its title to its lands.

In early times the county officials followe<l
the Mexican plan of designating districts and
legal subdivision by ranchos. August 7, 1851.
the court of sessions "ordered that the county
of Los Angeles be divided into six townships
named as follows; and to comprehend the
ranchos and places as follows to each appropri-
ated." The first of these was the township of
Los Angeles. There are few now living who
could trace from the description given in the
records the boundaries of Los Angeles township
fifty years ago. Here is the description :

TowNsiiir OF Los Angelas. — "The city of
Los Angeles and the following ranchos,
to-wit: Los Corralitos, Feliz, Verdugos, Ca-
hucnga, Tujunga, San Fernando, ex-Mission.
San Francisco, Piro, Camulos, Canada de los
.\lamos. La Liebre, El Tejon, Triumfo, Las
X'ergenes, Escorpion, Los Cuervos, San Anto-
nio de la Mesa, Los Alamitos, Vicente Lugo,
Arroyo, Seco, Encino, Maligo, Santa Monico,
San Vicentes, Buenos Ayres, I^ Bayona, Rincon
de los Buey, Rodeo de Las Aguas, I^ Cicnega,
La Centinela, Sausal Redondo, Palos Venles,
San Pedro, Los Dominguez, Rancho Nuevo.
Paredon Blanco, Los Serrit<is, La Jaboneria,
Rosa de Castilla."

"The residence of the authorities shall be in
Lds Angeles citv."

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

135

IMMIGRANTS AND ONEKLANU ROUTES.

Cattle raising continued to be the dominant
industry. To make it successful under the con-
ditions then existing it was necessary to hold
the land in large tracts. The demand for beef
caused by the rush of immigration to the state
raised the price of cattle until a well-stocked
rancho was more profitable than a gold mine.
The overland travel by the various southern
routes, all of which converged in Los Angeles,
gave a home market for a considerable amount
of the home products.

The Sonorese migration began in 1848 as
soon as the news of the discovery of gold in
California reached Mexico. While these gold-
seekers were called Sonorese or Sonorians, they
came from the different states of Northern Mex-
ico, but in greater numbers from Sonora. The
trail from Mexico by way of Aristo, Tucson,
the Pima villages, across the desert and through
the San Gorgonio Pass had been traveled for
three-quarters of a century. Another branch
of this trail crossed the desert from Yuma to
Warner's ranch ; and then by way of Temecula,
Jurupa and the Chino, reached Los Angeles.
Along these trails from 1848 to 1852 came the
Sonorese migration. These pilgrims to the
shrine of Manuuon were a hard lot. They were
poor and ignorant and not noted for good mor-
als. From Los Angeles northward, they invaria-
bly traveled by the coast route, and in squads
of from 50 to 100. Some of them brought their
women and children with them. With their few
possessions packed on donkeys and mules they
tramped their weary way from Mexico to the
mines. They were not welcomed to the land
of gold. The Americans disliked them and the
native Californians treated them with contempt.
The men wore cotton shirts, white pantaloons,
sandals and sombreros. Their apparel, like the
laws of the Medes and Persians, "changed not,"
nor did they change it as long as a shred of it
held together. The native Californians nick-
named them "calzonares blancos" (white
breeches), and imposed upon them when an
opportunity offered. The story is told of a
native Californian alcalde or justice of the peace
who had his office near the old mission church
of San Luis Obispo. When a band of these
Sonorian pilgrims came along the highway
which led past the old mission, they invariably
stopped at the churcli to make the sign of the
cross and to implore the protection of the saints.
Tills gave the alcalde his opportunity. Station-
ing his ali^mn-ilcs or constables on tlie road to
bar their progress, he proceeded to collect fifty
cents toll of each pilgrim. If word was jiassed
back to the squads behind and they attempted

to avoid the toll-gatherer by a detour to the
right or left, the alcalde sent out his mounted
constables and rounded up the poor Sonorians
like so many cattle at a rodeo, then he and his
alguacilcs committed highway robbery on a
small scale. Retributive justice overtook this
unjust judge. The vigilantes hanged' him, not,
however, for tithing the Sonorese, but for horse
stealing.

The Sonorian migration began to decline after
1850, and entirely ceased a year or two later.
The foreign miner's tax and their persecution
by the Americans convinced the Sonorians that
there was no place like home. So they went
home and stayed there.

A route by which a number of immigrants
from Texas and some of the other Gulf states
came in 1849 led through the northern states
of Mexico until it intercepted the Sonora trail
and then by that to Los Angeles.

The old Santa Fe trail to Islew Mexico; then
across Arizona, following the Gila to the Colo-
rado river, was another southern route by which
a great deal of overland travel reached Southern
California. In 1854, from actual count, it was
ascertained that 9,075 persons came by that
route. About one-fourth of the 61,000 overland
inuuigrants who came to the slate that year
reached it by the southern routes. But the route
by which the majority of the argonauts of '49
and the early '50s reached Southern California
led south from Salt Lake City until it inter-
cepted the great Spanish trail from Los Angeles
to Santa Fe at the southern end of Utah Lake.
Inuuigrants by this route, crossing the Colorado
desert, reached the San Bernardino valley
through the Cajon Pass. Capt. Jedediah S.
Smith, in 1826, was the first white man to reach
Los Angeles by this trail. There was consid-
erable trade and travel between Santa Fe and
Los Angeles over the old Spanish trail before
the conquest of California. The early innnigra-
tion from New Mexico came by this route. By
it came J. J. Warner, William \\'olfskill, the
Rowland-Workman party, numbering forty-four
persons ; B. D. Wilson, D. W. Alexander, John
Reed, Dr. John Marsh and many other pioneers.

For several years before the conquest, on ac-
count of the hostility of the Indians, this trail
had been little used, and to the great army of
the Argonauts who crossed the plains in 1841)
it was unknown. The belated immigrants of
that year who reached Salt Lake too late to
cross the Sierra Nevadas had the alternative pre-
sented them of wintering with the Saints or of
finding a southern route into California and
thus evading the fate that befell the Donner
])arty in the snows of the Sierras. These de-
layed Argonauts found a Mormon captain, Jef-

136

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ferson Hunt, late cai^tain of Company A of the
Mormon Battalion, who had recently arrived in
Salt Lake by this southern route. He was en-
gaged as a guide. A train of about 500 wagons
started in November, 1849, for Southern Cali-
fornia. After several weeks' travel, a number
of the immigrants having become dissatisfied
with Hunt's leadership, and hearing that there
was a shorter route to the settlements than the
train was pursuing, seceded from the main body
and struck out westward across the desert. After
traveling for several days together, they dis-
agreed. Some returned to the main body; the
others broke up into small parties and took dif-
ferent directions. One of these parties, num-
bering eleven persons, penetrated Death valley
and all perished. Another, after incredible hard-
ships and having lost several of their number on
the desert, reached Los Angeles by the Soledad
Pass. Another company, after weeks of wan-
dering and suffering, reached the Tulare valley,
where they were relieved by the Indians. The
main body, with but little inconvenience, ar-
rived in San Bernardino valley the last of Jan-
uary, 1850.

After the establishment of the Mormon colony
at San Bernardino, in June, 1851, the Salt Lake
route became a well-traveled road, over which,
up to the completion of the Union Pacific Rail-
road in 1869, a large amount of freight and travel
passed between the City of the Saints and the
City of the Angels. By this route came a num-
ber of the pioneer American families of Los An-
geles. Among others may be named the Macys,
Andersons, \\ orkmans, Ulyards, Hazards, Mon-
tagues.

COMMERCIAL CONVEYANCES.

San Pedro was, in 1850, as it had been for
more than half a century before, the entrepot
through which the commerce of the Los An-
geles district passed. It was, next to San I^an-
cisco, the principal seaport of the coast. In
the early '50s all the trade and travel up and
down the coast came and went by sea. No stage
lines had been established in the lower coast
counties. In 1848, and for several years after,
the only means of getting to the city from the
])ort and vice versa was on horseback. A cabal-
iada (band) of horses were kept in pasture on
the Palos Verdes. When a ship w-as sighted in
the offing, the vaqueros rounded up the nnis-
tangs, lassoed them and had them saddled,
ready for the jiassengers when they came ashore.
As the horses were half-broken broncos, and
the passengers mostly newcomers from the
states, unused to the tricks of bucking mus-
tangs, the tri]) usually ended in the passenger
arriving in the city on foot, the bronco having

landed his rider at some point most convenient
to him (the bronco,) not the passenger.

In 1849 Temple and Alexander had a general
merchandise store at San Pedro, and did about
all the forwarding business of the port. Goods
were freighted to Los Angeles in carts drawn
by two yoke of oxen yoked by the horns. The
carts were similar to the Alexican carretas, ex-
cept that they had spoked and tired wheels in-
stead of solid ones. A regular freight train was
composed of ten carts and forty oxen. Freight
charges were $20 a ton. In 1852, stages were
put on the route by Banning & Alexander.
Tomlinson put on an opposition line, and in
1853 ^- ''^- Townsend was running an acconmio-
dation line between the city and the port and
advertising in the Star, "Good coaches and teams
as the county will afford." The stage fare was
at first $10, then $7.50, dropped to $5, and
as opposition increased went down to $1, and
as the rivalry grew keener passengers were car-
ried free.

The first steamer that ever entered the bay of
San Pedro was the "Gold Hunter," which an-
chored in the port in 1849. She was a side-
wheel vessel which made the voyage from San
Francisco to Mazatlan, touching at way ports.

The "Gold Hunter" was followed by the
steamers "Ohio," "Southerner," "Sea Bird" and
"Goliath" in 1850 and 1851. In 1853 the "Sea
Bird" was making three trips a month between
San Francisco and San Diego, touching at Mon-
terey, Santa Barbara and San Pedro. The price
of a first-cabin passage from San Pedro to San
Francisco in the early '50s was $55. The bill
of fare consisted of salt beef, hard bread, pota-
toes and coffee without milk or sugar. Freight
charges were $25 a ton. It cost $10 to transport
a barrel of flour from San Francisco to Los
Angeles. The trip occupied four days. The
way ports w-ere Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo
and Monterey. There were no w'harves or ligiit-
crs on the route ; passengers and freight were
landed in the steamer's boats. If the sea was
very rough, the passengers were carried to San
Francisco and brought back on the return trip.
Sometimes when the tide was low they had to
l)e carried from the boat to the shore on the
sailors' backs. The sailor, like the bronco, some-
times bucked, and the passenger waded ashore.
Both man and beast were somewhat uncertain
"in the days of gold — the days of '49."

The imports by sea greatly exceeded the ex-
]iorts. Cattle and horses, the i)rinc!]ial |)roiiiK-ts
of the county, transported themselves to market.
The vineyards along the river ])rincipally within
the city limits were immensely profitable in the
early '50s. There was hut little fiesh fruit in
the coiuitry. Grapes, in San Francisco, retailed

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

137

all the way from twenty-five to fifty cents a
pound. The vineyards were cultivated by In-
dian labor. About all that it cost the vineyardist
for 'labor was the amount of aguardiente that it
took to give the Indian his regular Saturday
night drunk. So the grape crop was about all
profit.

FIRST ST.\TE CENSUS.

The first state census of California was taken
in 1852. According to this census the county
had a total population of 7,831, divided as fol-
lows:

Whites-
Males 2,496

Females i ,597

Total 4,093

Domesticated Indians —

Males 2,278

Females i ,41 5

The cattle numbered 113,475; horses, 12,173;
wheat produced 34,230 bushels; barley, 12,120
bushels; corn, 6,934 bushels. Number of acres
under cultivation, 5,587 ; grape vines, 450,000,
of which 400,000 were within the city. This was
before any portion of tlie county had been segre-
gated. Its limits extended from San Juan Capis-
trano on the south to the Tulares on the north,
and from the sea to the Colorado river ; of its
32,000 square miles, less than nine square miles
were cultivated, and yet it had been settled for
three-quarters of a century.

During the '50s the county grew slowly. Land
was held in large tracts and cattle raising con-
tinued to be the principal industry. At the El
Monte several families from the southwestern
states had formed a small settlement and were
raising grain, principally corn. The Mormons,
at San Bernardino, were raising corn, wheat,
barley and vegetables, and selling them at a good
price. One season they received as high as $5
a bushel for their wheat.

CHAPTER XXV.

LOS ANGELES COUNTY— Continued.

A GOLD RUSH AND GOLD PLACERS.

THE famous Kern river gold rush of 1855
brought an influx of population. Some
of that population was very undesirable.
The gold rush made business lively for a time,
but when the reaction came it left a number of
wrecks financially stranded. This mining ex-
citement had one good effect : it called the at-
tention of the Angeleiios to the mineral resources
of their own county and indirectly brought
about their development.

Francisco Lopez discovered gold in the San
Feliciano canon of the San Fernando moun-
tains, March 9, 1841. Gold was discovered in
several other canons of this district and these
placers were worked in a desultory sort of a
way up to 1848. When the news of Marshall's
discovery at Coloma reached Los Angeles, all
the experienced miners left for the northern
mines, and the gold placers of Los Angeles were
abandoned. The Kern river gold rush brought
a number of experienced miners to the county,
and the San Fernando mines were again opened
and a considerable amount of gold dust taken
from them. It is reported that Francisco Gar-
cia, working the mines with a .gang of Indians,
took out $65,000 in 1855. Gold was discovered
on the headwaters of the San Gabriel river in
1855. In 1856 the Santa Anita placers, fifteen

miles from Los Angeles city, were discovered
and mined; the miners making from $5 to $10
a day. In 1858 the Santa Anita Mining Com-
pany was organized with a capital of $50,000,
hydraulic works constructed, and the gulches
mined. The mines paid well. During 1858 and
1859 the cation of the San Gabriel was pros-
pected for forty miles, and some rich placers
located. Two hydraulic companies took out
$1,000 a week each. Two Mexicans with a com-
mon wooden howl or batca panned out $90 in
two days. In July, 1859, 300 men were at work
in the canon, and all reported doing well. The
next year, i860, was a prosperous season for the
miners. Altogether since their discovery, over
sixty years ago, it is estimated that the gold
placers of Los Angeles have yielded not less than
$5,000,000.

Notwithstanding the county was producing
gold, grain and cattle, in the later '50s times were
hard, money scarce and rates of interest exorbi-
tant. "Eight, ten and even fifteen per cent a
month," says the Soiitlicrn Ci\lifornian. "is freely
paid for money, and the supply even at these
rates is too meager to meet the demand." This
state of affairs was caused largely by the reaction
from the flush times of the early '50s. The na-
tive Californians, the principal land-holders,
were bad financiers. When times were good
and money plentiful, they spent lavishly. When

138

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

dry years came or the price of cattle fell from
over-production, they did not retrench expenses,
but mortgaged their lands to procure spending
money. \\'ith such usurious rates of interest pre-
vailing, it was only a question of the leniency
of their creditors when they would be compelled
to part witii their ancestral acres.

THE SECOND DECADE, 1860-1870.

The years 1859, i860, 1861-62 were seasons of
abundant rainfall. Indeed, the fluvial downpour
of 1861-62 was altogether too abundant. Never
before, within the memory of the oldest inhab-
itant, had there been such floods. The season's
rainfall footed up nearly fifty inches. The val-
ley of the Sacramento became a vast inland sea
and the city of Sacramento was inundated and
almost ruined. Relief boats on their errands of
mercy, leaving the. channels of the rivers, sailed
over submerged ranchos, past floating houses
and wrecks of barns, through vast flotsams made
up of farm products, farming implements and the
carcasses of horses, cattle and sheep, all drift-
ing out to sea. The losses in the Sacramento
and San Joaquin valleys footed up into the mil-
lions. In Los Angeles county, on account of
the smaller area of the valleys and the shortness
of the rivers, there was but little loss of property.
The rivers spread over the lowlands, but the
stock found safety from the flood on the hills.
The Santa Ana river for a time rivaled the
Father of Waters in magnitude. In the town of
Anaheim, four miles from the river, the water
ran four feet deep and spread in an unbroken
sheet to the Coyote hills, three miles beyond.
The Arroyo Seco, swollen to a mighty river,
brought down from the mountains and caiions
great rafts of driftwood, which were scattered
over the plains Ijelow the city, and furnished fuel
to the poor people for several years. It l)eoan
raining DccendxT 24, 1861, and continued fur
thirty days with Init two slight interruptions.

FAMINE YE.'^RS.

As a result of three successive years of abun-
dant rainfall and consequent luxuriant pastur-
age, the ranchcros allowed their stock ranges
to become overstocked. • \\'hen the famine years
of 1863 and 1864 came, the dry feed on the
ranges was soon exhausted, and cattle were
slowly dying of s'tarvation. Herds of gaunt,
skeleton-like forms moved slowly over the plains
in search of food. Here and there, singly or in
small groups, poor brutes, too weak to move on,
stood motionless with drooping heads, dying.
It was a pitiful sight. The loss of cattle during
the famine years was fearful. The plains were

strewn with their carcasses. In marshy places
and around the cienegas where there was a ves-
tige of green the ground was covered with their
skeletons ; and the traveler for years afterwards
was often startled by coming suddenly upon
a veritable Golgotha — a place of skulls — the long
horns standing out in a defiant attitude, as if
defending the fleshless bones. It was estimated
that 50,000 head of cattle died on the Stearns'
ranchos alone. In i860 the county assessment
was $3,064,701; in 1864, $1,622,370.

Don Abel Stearns, one of the greatest of the
cattle barons of Southern California, was re-
duced almost to the verge of bankruptcy. In
1864 all of his landed possessions, consisting of
seven ranchos, aggregating over one hundred
thousand acres, and all of his city lots and lands
were advertised for sale on account of the de-
linquent taxes of 1863, the total amount of which
was a little over $2,000. The lot on the south-
cast corner of Spring and Second streets, now
worth a quarter of a million, was sold in 1863
for $37. Two thousand acres in East Los An-
geles were sold in 1864 by the city council for
fifty cents per acre. The purchaser took it under
protest because the council would not sell him
less. Never before had the people of the county
been in such financial straits. To add to the
miseries of hard times, the people were divided
into two hostile factions — Union and Secession.
The Civil war was in progress. The Confeder-
ate sympathizers were largely in the majority
in the county. While there were no active hos-
tilities between the factions, there was a great
deal of ill feeling. The Confederate sympa-
thizers were loud in their denunciations of the
government and the flag under which they were
living and had lived all their lives. However,
beyond a few arrests, these would-be Confeder-
ates were not banned.

Los Angeles furnished but one representative
to the Union army — that is, one who was an
actual resident of the city at the breaking out
of the war — and he was Charles M. Jenkins, of
the California Hundred. One company of the
Native California Battalion was raised in Los
Angeles and one in Santa Barbara. This bat-
talion did service against the Indians in Arizona.
Camp Latham was established at Ballona in
1861, and the Fourth California Infantry was
stationed there for a time. Camp Dunn was es-
tablished at Wilmington in 1862. .\I1 [he sup-
plies for the soldiers in .Arizona, Now Mcxim
and LUah passed through Wilmington. .\ small
force was kept at Camp Dunn during the war.
.■\t one time a squad of soldiers was stationed at
Los Angeles to keep the secessionists in check.

The gYeat drought of 1863 and 1864 sealed the
dnnm of cattle raising as the distinctive industry

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

139

of Los Angeles. The plentiful rainfalls of 1865-
66 gave abundant feed, but the ranchos were
thinly stocked and their owners were in no con-
dition financially to add to their depleted herds.
It was evident that the dynasty of the cattle
kings was ended. Hereafter there must be new
industries, new methods, new men, if the coun-
try would thrive.

SUIiDIVISION OF LARGE RANCHOS.

In 1868, what was known as the Stearns'
ranchos, an immense body of land, containing
about 150,000 acres, and lying between the San
Gabriel and Santa Ana rivers, was sold to a
syndicate of San Francisco capitalists. This
tract contained the original ranchos of Los Coy-
otes, La Habra, San Juan Cajon de Santa Ana,
Las Bolsas y Paredes, La Bolsa Chica, and part
of the Alamitos. It was divided into sections
and subdivisions of sections in 1868, and
put on sale in tracts of forty ncres and upward.
Immigration began to drift southward in 1868
and 1869 and a number of settlers purchased
farms in the Stearns' ranchos and in others that
had been divided or partially divided, and began
raising grain. The soil was rich and the yield
was enormous. As yet but little attention had
been paid to fruit culture. The decade closed
with the agricultural transformation of the
county fairly begun.

THE THIRD DECADE— 1870-1880.

RAILROADS.'

The third decade of American supremacy in
Southern California was an era of railroad build-
ing and colony founding. The first railroad line
constructed in the county extended from Los
.Vngeles city to Wilmington. It was completed
October 26, 1869. The legislature, in 1868,
l)assed bills authorizing the board of supervisors
of the county to subscribe $150,000 to the capital
stock of a railroad between Los Angeles and
Wilmington, and the mayor and common coun-
cil to subscribe $75,000 to the same object. An
election was held and the bonds carried. Ground
was broken at Wilmington, March 19, 1868, and
the road pushed to completion. Freights and
fare were high. It cost $6 to get a ton of freight
from anchorage to Los Angeles. It cost a pas-
senger a dollar and a half from the steamer on
one of I'.anning's tugs to Wilmington and a dol-
lar more on the railroad to reach the city. Yet
nobody complainetl and the people clamored for
more railroads. The Southern Pacific was build-
ing a trans-continental line southeastward and
there was a chance for Los Angeles on a
through line. After considerable negotiation be-

tween a committee of the people of Los Angeles
and the directors of the Southern Pacific Rail-
road, the Southern Pacific people proposed to
build fifty miles of their main trunk line through
Los Angeles county, twenty-five miles north
from the city and twenty-five east, on condition
that the people vote a subsidy to the company
of five per cent of the taxable property of the
county. The Los Angeles and San Pedro Rail-
road, valued at $225,000, was to be part of the
consideration.

An election was called, November 5, 1872, and
the proposition accepted by the people. The
total consideration, bonds and lands, given the
railroad, amounted to $610,000. To appease the
people of the southeastern part of the county and
secure their votes for the bonds, the railroad
company agreed to build a branch road to Ana-
heim, twenty-seven miles. Work on the road
was pushed vigorously and trains to San Fer-
nando, the northern end, and to Spadra, the east-
ern end, were run .'Vpril 24, 1874. The great
tunnel, 6,964 feet long, under a spur of the San
Fernando mountains, twenty-seven miles north
of Los Angeles, delayed the early completion
of the road. On the 6th of September, 1876,
the northern and southern ends of the road
were united at Soledad Station, in a caiion of that
name ; the golden spike was driven with a ham-
mer of silver, and a train bearing the dignitaries
of the company and invited guests passed over
the road from San Francisco to Los Angeles.
A grand bancjuet was held in Union hall, fol-
lowed by a grand ball, which lasted till morning,
when the San Franciscans returned to their
home city on the first through train over the
road from the Los Angeles end. The road was
pushed on eastward, and in 1882 was completed
to El Paso, where it united with the eastern end
and Los. Angeles had a trans-continental road.
. The Anaheim branch was coiupleted to that
town January 17, 1875.

The Los Angeles and Independence Rail-
Ko.M) Company was incorporated in January,
T875. The purpose of the company was to build a
railroad beginning at Santa Monica and pass-
ing through Los .\ngeles and San Bernardino
and froiu there by way of the Cajon Pass to
Independence, Inyo county. Work was begun
at once and the first train between Los Angeles
and Santa Monica passed over the road Decem-
ber I, 1875. A long wharf was built at Santa
Monica and ocean steamers slopped there for
passengers and freight. The financial panic of
1875 and the dry years that followed put an
end to the extension of the road. In 1878 it was
sold to the Southern Pacific Company, and that
coiupany pulled down the wharf because it did
not pay to maintain two shipping points.

140

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

COLONIES.

Among the earliest colony projects of this
decade was the San Tasqual plantation scheme.
Its prospectus was published in the city papers
during April and May, 1870. The advertise-
ments stated that "The tract of land selected is
a portion of the San Pasqual ranch in Los An-
geles county, comprising 1,750 acres of the finest
quality. A ditch which forms the northern
boundary of the tract, at a cost of $10,000, has
also been purchased. The ditch furnishes in
the driest seasons sufficient water to irrigate
the entire tract. It is proposed to cultivate this
land with oranges, lemons, olives, nuts, raisins,
grapes, etc., and to conunencc at once. For
this purpose the above company has been
formed, with a capital of $200,000, divided into
4,000 shares of $50 each. Payments to be made
in regular and easy installments as follows :
$10 per share at date of subscription and $5
each year afterward till the whole amount is
paid. All money to be used in paying for the
land and cultivating the same." When the trees
and vines should come into bearing it was pro-
posed to divide the lands among the colonists
on the plan that the Anaheim colony lands were
divided among the shareholders in 1859. The
projectors of the scheme were San Francisco
and Los Angeles capitalists. Subscription
books were opened at the office of R. M. Wid-
ney in the Ilelhnan Bank building. Stock in
the company did not go of? like the proverbial
hot cakes. The scheme was a failure. Citrus
fruit culture then was in its infancy, and a very
young infant at that. The few orange orchards
in the county were on the sandy land of the
river bottom. The scheme of growing oranges
on the gravelly lands of the San Pasqual was
laughed to scorn by the wise oldxtimers who
knew it all.

The most successful colony scheme of the
'70s was the Indiana Colony of California. It
had its inception in Ind'anapolis, Ind., in the
winter of 1872-73. Dr. T. B. Elliott was the
originator of the scheme, and he, D. M. Berry,
J. H. Baker and Calvin Fletcher, its most active
]jromoters. The committee sent out to view
tlie land decided the San Pasqual rancho was
the best location ofTere<l. An incorporation was
effected under the name of the San Gabriel
Orange Grove Association. The capital stock
was fi.xed at $25,000, divided into 100 shares of
$250 each. In December, 1873, the associa-
tion purchased Dr. J. S. Griffin's interest in the
San Pasqual ranclio, consisting of about 4,000
acres; 1,500 acres of the choicest land in the
tract were subdivided into lots varying in size
from fifteen to sixtv acres.

January 27, 1874, the lands were distributed
on the basis of fifteen acres to a share of stock,
and the colonists who were on the ground im-
mediately set to work planting their lands in
oranges, raising grapes and deciduous fruits.
"It is a singular fact," says Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr,
"that there was not a professional and hardly
a iiractical horticulturist or farmer among them."
Nevertheless they made a success of fruit cul-
ture and demonstrated the fact that oranges
could be grown on the mesa lands. April 22,
1875, the settlement ceased to be the Indiana
Colony and officially became Pasadena. To Dr.
T. B. Elliott, the originator of the California
Colony scheme, belongs the credit of conferring
on Pasadena its euphonious name. The word is
of Indian origin, Chippewa dialect, and means
"Crown of the Valley."

So rapidly were the Indiana Colony lands
absorbed by settlers that in four years after
their purchase only a few small tracts remained
unsold. In 1876, B. D. Wilson threw on the
market about 2,500 acres lying eastward of
h'air C)aks avenue. This was the Lake \'ine-
yard Land and Water Company tract. The set-
tlers on this tract were known as "east siders."
while the original colonists were the "west
siders," Fair Oaks avenue being the division
line. A postoffice had been established March
15, 1875, but had been discontinued in Decem-
ber of that year because no one cared to serve
as postmaster at a salary of a dollar a month.
September 21, 1876, L. D. HoUingsworth, who
had erected a building and opened a store near
the corner of Fair Oaks avenue and Colora<lo
street, secured the re-establishment of the ]iost-
olfice, and the office was kept in his store. Thus
was the germ of the city of Pasadena planted,
but it took it nearly a decade to germinate. At
the beginning of the fourth decade (1880) the
"town consisted of a store and postoffice build-
ing, a blacksmith shop, a meat market and a
sclioolhousc at the crossroads near the center
of the settlement." The history of the city of
Pasadena and a record of its wonderful growth
belong in the fourth decade.

PoMON.A is a child of the colony era. While
not incorporated as a colony, like Pasadena, it
owes its origin to a co-operative colony-promo-
ting association. Early in 1875, Louis Phillips
sold to P. C. Tonner, Cyrus Burdick and I'ran-
cisco Palomeres 2,700 acres of the \'ejar iiorlion
of the San Jose rancho. Tonner and his asso-
ciates sold their ]nirchase, shortly after tlu-x
made it, to the Los Angeles Immigration and
Land Co-operative .Association. This associa-
tion was incorporated December 10, 1874, with
a capital stock of $250,000, divided into 2.500
shares, at a par value of $100 per share. Its

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

officers were: Thomas A. Garey, president; C.
E. While, vice-president ; L. M. Holt, secretary ;
Milton Thomas, manager; R. M. Town, assist-
ant manager, and H. G. Crow, treasurer. Its
principal object was the subdivision of large
land holdings and the placing of these on the
market in small tracts for settlement. The asso-
ciation surveyed and subdivided 2,500 acres of
its purchase. The town of Pomona, located
near the center of the tract, was platted and 640
acres adjoining the town site was subdivided
into five-acre lots. The remainder of the 2,500
acres was cut up into forty-acre tracts. In No-
vember, 1875, the town had a hotel, a drug store,
a dry goeds store, two groceries, a meat market
and eight or ten dwelling houses. February 22,
23 and 24, 1876, a great auction sale of land and
town lots was held on the town site. The first
day's sale realized $19,000, which was a big-
thing in those days. The farm land brought an
average of $64 per acre. A nundjer of artesian
wells had been sunk and a reservoir holding-
two and a half million gallons of water con-
.'tructed. The Southern Pacific Railroad, which,
in conformity with the requirements of the sub-
sidy granted by the county in 1873, had been
built eastward twenty-five miles to Spadra, was
extended to Pomona and that town became the
railroad shipping point for Riverside, another
colony of the early '70s. Pomona seemed to be
on the high road to prosperity, but disaster
struck it. First the dry season of 1876-77 dem-
onstrated the need of a more abundant water
supply, and ne.xt a disastrous fire on the night
of July 30, 1877, swept away nearly all of the
town. These disasters checked the growth of
the town and settlement. In 1880 the popula-
tion of the town was only 130. The next
decade saw a wonderful growth in the town and
country around.

Sant.x Monica was another town that was
founded in this decade. Early in 1875, Senator
J. P. Jones, of Nevada, and Col. R. S. Baker
subdivided a portion of the Rancho San Vicente,
lying on the mesa adjoining the bay of Santa
Monica. The town was named after the bay.
July 16, 1875, a great sale of lots was held at
the town site. An excursion steamer came down
from San Francisco, loaded with lot buyers,
and the people of Los Angeles rallied in great
numbers to the site of the "Zenith City by the
Sunset Sea," as the silver-tongued orator of the
Pacific slope, Tom Fitch, named it. Lots on
the barren mesa sold at prices ranging from
$100 to $500. The town's growth was rapid.
In less than nine months after its founding it
had 160 houses and 1,000 inhabitants. The
Los Angeles & Independence Railroad had been
completed to Los .'Xngclcs. A wharf had been

built and Santa Monica was becoming a ship-
ping point of great importance. Then a financial
blight struck the fortunes of Senator Jones.
The railroad was sold to the Southern Pacific
Railroad ; the wharf was pulled down, and the
town fell into a decline. In 1880 it and its sub-
urb. South Santa Monica, had only 350 inhab-
itants.

The decade that had been ushered in with
a boom closed in gloom. The bank fail-
ures of 1875-76 brought on a monetary crisis.
The total failure of the Temple & Work-
man Bank swept away the fortunes of many.
The dry years of 1876-77 supplemented the bank
disasters by killing the sheep industry that to
a certain extent had taken the place of the cattle
industry of the previous decade. The railroad to
San hrancisco had not proved a blessing.
Freighl charges were high and the price of grain
low. It look about all the farmer received for
his grain crop to pay freight, warehouse and
commission charges. Indeed, he was lucky if
after his crop was sold he did not have to borrow
money to pay a deficit — mortgage his farni for
the privilege of farming it. San Francisco was
his only market. It was evident that the South-
ern California farmer, with a market 500 miles
away, could not compete with the grain growers
of the central part of the state, with a market
at their doors. Grain growing in the third
decade of American occupation had been but
little less disastrous than cattle raising in the
second. What could the people do?

THE FOUKTII DECADE— 1880-1890.

The third decade had set in gloom. No
roseate hues irradiated the rise of the fourth.
The season of. 1S80-81 was one of the dreaded
dry years. The total rainfall was only 5.32
inches. Crops were a partial failure. There
were, however, no such harrowing sights as
were seen in the famine years. There were no
cattle on a thousand hills, no sheep in the val-
leys, starving to death. The flocks and the herds
had disappeared. The more provident husband-
men who now possessed the ranchos, once the
domain of the cattle kings and their retainers,
were able to provide sustenance for their stock,
though the former and the latter rains came
not. Irrigation had been made to rectify the
shortcomings of nature, and works had taken
the place of faith in novenas.*

The next season showed a decided improve-
n-ient. Crops were fair and prices good. The

*.A term of nine days set apart for prayers, fre-
quently resorted to during dry years in the Spanish
and Mexican eras.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Soiitliern Pacific Railroad, pushing eastward,
had opened a market for Southern Cahfornia
products in the mining regions of Arizona. Tlie
completion of the road in 1882 gave Los Angeles
a trans-continental route, and immigration
began to drift in — slowly and cautiously at first
— then with more confidence and in larger vol-
ume. The mortgaged farmers took the first
opportunity to unload on the newcomers and
chuckled over their success. lUit when they
began to look around for reinvestment they
found there had been a sudden rise in the finan-
cial temperature. The newcomers brought
money with them to develop their purchases
and the wheels of industry began to go round.
The seasons continued good, that of 1884 being
a flood year. Rumors came of a railroad on the
thirty-fifth parallel, building westward— rumors
that later became a certainty.

ISEGINNING OI-' THE DOOM.

In 1S85 the Santa Fe system leased the right
to run trains over the Southern Pacific road from
Deming to Los Angeles. Later on it obtained
an interest in the Atlantic & Pacific road be-
tween Albuquerque and Barstow. From Rar-
stow it constructed the Southern California Rail-
road through the Cajoii Pass to San Bernardino,
and thence westward to Mud Springs, where "it
united with the San Gabriel Valley road, which
it had absorbed. The completion of this road
gave Southern California two complete trans-
continental lines, and then the boom was on in
earnest. It had begun in 1886 and gathered
volume as it progressed. There had been a
steady advance in the values of real estate from
i8iS2, when the upward movement began, to
i88Ci, but no inflation. Additions and subdivi-
sions had been made in the older cities and
towns, but no new towns created. Early in 1887
town-making I)egan and it went with a rush, a
boom when once begun. As the Southern Cali-
fornia Railway approached completion, town-
making seemed to become ei)idemic. Within
the first six months of 1887, between the eastern
limits of Los Angeles city and the western line
of San Bernardino county, a distance, by way of
the Southern California Railway, of thirty-six
miles, there were twenty-five cities and towns
located — an average of one to every mile and
a half of the road. On the Southern Pacific
there were eight and thrown in between the
l)arallel railroads there were three more — mak-
ing a grand total of thirty-six cities and towns
in the San Gabriel valley. Tiie only limit to
the greatness of a city was the lioumlary lines
of the adjoining cities.

Other parts of the county were keeping i)ace
with the San Gabriel vallex in town-making

Up on the mountains, down in the desert, and
out on the arid mesa, town sites were located and
town lots sold. What was to support these
towns, the lot purchaser did not stop to con-
sider. He hoped to find an easier dupe than
himself, and sell at an advance. The more inac-
cessible a town, the better the lots in it seemeij
to sell. Romberg's twin cities, Manchester and
Border City, were located on the steep sides
of the Sierra Madre mountains, overlooking the
Mojave desert. The sites of the twin cities
could be seen through a field glass on a clear
day, and the easiest way to reach them was l)y
a balloon. Yet Flomberg sold about all of the
4,000 lots that he carved out of two quarter
sections of government land, and realized about
$50,000 by the operation. Chicago Park was
located in the wash of the San Gabriel river,
where the rocks were so thick that it was im-
possible to drive a corner stake, yet its 2,300
lots changed hands. Santiago, with its 2,000
lots, was out on a \\aterless desert, where even
the coyotes had to carry canteens when they
crossed it. Yet fojls rushed in w-here coyotes
feared to tread, and — bought lots.

And yet the boom was not all bilk. There
was legitimate speculation and there were honest
real-estate agents. The fellows who blew the
bubble to its greatest inflation were professional
boomers, who had learned the tricks of their
trade in the I)oom cities of the w^est. They came
here not to build up the country, but to make
money — honestly if they could make it no other
way. It is needless to say they made it the other
way.

The magnitude of our great real-estate boom
can be more accurately measured bv a monev
standard than any other. The total considera-
tion named in the instruments filed for recortl
with the county recorder in 1887 reached the
enormous sum of $98,084,162. Yet this does
not tell half the story. Thousands of agreements
and contracts of sale were never recordeil. Cnn-
tracts were often transferred anywhere from one
to half a dozen times as the property was resold,
but when the deed was given the consideration
named would be that of the first sale, although
the last might be a hundred or a thousand i)er
cent above the first. It is safe to say that the
total consideration of all the sales made in 1887
in Los Angeles county alone reached $2(X).ooo,-
000.

The great booms of fornu'r times jiale into
insignificance when comjiared with ours. The
capital slock of John Law's National P.ank of
I'"rance, with his Mississippi grants thrown in,
only figured up about $15,000.000 — a sum equal
to our real-estate transfer for one month, yet the
bursting of the Mississippi bubble very nearly

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

143

bankrupted the Frencli empire. The capital in-
vested in the Darien colonization scheme, which
bankrupted Scotland and came near plunging-
all Europe into war, was only 220,000 pounds
sterling, a stmi about equal to our real-estate
transfers for one day. We ought to feel proud
of our boom.

The collapse began in the fall of 1887. Specu-
lators had loaded up for the eastern dupes who
were reported coming by thousands to the land
of promise. The dupes did not come in great
numbers and the visitors who came refused to
be duped. Then the real-estate craze began to
subside. Those who had loaded for profit tried
to unload at cost. Some refused to believe the
boom was over, and held on till their burthens
crushed them. Others let go at once and saved
something out of the crash that followed. Dur-
ing 1888, the adjusting process was going on.
Huilding was active and people still hopeful.
In 1889 the outlook was gloomy. Even the
most sanguine began to realize that the boom
was over. The contraction in values was even
more rapid than had been the expansion. Choice
business lots and the s^tes of palace hotels in
the new cities, that had been valued by the front
foot, were now offered by the acre, and there
were no takers. The fourth decade, like the
third, closed in gloom.

THE FIFTH DECADE— 1890-1900.

The financial depression in which the fourth
decade closed did not last long. The energy and
the push that had been evolved during the boom
had received a momentary check, but they were
not dead. There was no time to indulge in whin-
ing or repining. Adversity had followed closely
on the heels of prosperity and the necessity for
bread and butter was more pressing than the
need of new towns. The millionaire of a boom
metropolis, when the doom of his phantom city
had been pronounced, looked out upon a ghostly
array of white stakes, often the only visible evi-
dence of the city that was to be. If his city was
not hopelessly buried under a mortgage, he
plowed under business streets and the sites of
tourist hotels and planted them with fruit trees
or sowed them in grain.

The professional boomers — the fellows of the
baser sort — when the collapse came, betook
themselves to pastures new. Retributive jus-
tice overtook a few of them and they did en-
forced service to the country in striped uniforms.
When the county at large, in 1890, took an in-
ventory to ascertain the profit or loss of the
previous decade, there was a good showing of
assets on the credit side. Los Angeles city had
increased its population from 11,150 to 50,395

in ten years, and its assessed wealth from six
to fifty million dollars. Pasadena, from a cross-
roads grocery, had grown to a city of 5,000 in-
habitants, with its banks, daily newspapers and
palatial business blocks. Pomona, from 130
people in 1880, had increased to 3,634 in 1890.
The county at large had raised the number of
its people from 33,881 in 1880 to 101,454 in 1890,
with 13.589 taken off to form Orange county.
Its wealth had increased from $18,000,000 to
$80,000,000.

As Pasadena had soared highest in the balloon
of inflation, when the drop came she struck bot-
tom the hardest. iHer orange groves, once her
pride and boast, had been mostly sacrificed on
the altar of town lots ; and what the boomer had
left the cottony scale had devastated. But the
boomer departed or ceased to boom, and the
cottony scale met its Nemesis in the Australian
lady-bug. Then tl.e work of rehabilitation
began ; and it is remarkable what perseverance,
coupled with energy and intelligence, did in a
short time. In less than two years Pasadena was
on the high road to prosperity, and she has kept
pattering along that road at a rapid rate ever
since. The reaction throughout the county was
equally rapid. After the entanglements in real-
estate titles, that the boom had made, were
readjusted the people pursued the even tenor
of their ways, building up the real cities, plant-
ing orange groves, increasing irrigating facili-
ties and promoting new schemes for developing
the country.

In 1893 c-anie the bank panic, when nearly
every bank in the county closed its doors, but
in a few weeks all except two were doing busi-
ness at the old stands.

At the beginning of the Spanish war, Los An-
geles county furnished five companies of the
Seventh Regiment California Volunteers, three
from Los Angeles city, one from Pasadena and
one from Pomona. This regiment, which was
made up of volunteers from Southern Califor-
nia, took its departure for San Francisco, May
5, 1898, amidst the plaudits of an immense mul-
titude. It remained encamped there until the
close of the war, when the volunteers were dis-
charged. Company D, California Light Artil-
lery, made up of volunteers from the southern
counties, was sent to Manila and saw consider-
able active service.

The most prominent event of the closing years
of the fifth decade was the free harbor fight,
a contest in which the Southern Pacific Railroad
and a few of its local auxiliaries were arrayed
against the people of the county in regard to
the location of a harbor. The Southern Pacific
Company, in 1891. had built a long wharf in
the bay of Santa Monica at Port Los Angeles.

14-t

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

When the question of a free harbor came up,
Colhs P. Huntifigton, then the president of the
road, used all liis powerful influence in congress
to secure an appropriation for a harbor at Port
Los Angeles. As this would be virtually con-
trolled by him and would defeat an appropria-
tion for a harbor at San Pedro, the people, with
a few exceptions, opposed his scheme. The fight
was a protracted one, but the people won. In
1898 congress voted an appropriation of $3,900,-
000 for the construction of breakwaters in the
bay of San Pedro. The contract for their con-
struction was let to Heldmaier & Neu, of Chi-
cago, for $1,303,198.54. The Free Harbor Jubi-
lee, which was celebrated at San Pedro, April
27, and at Los Angeles April 28 and 29, 1899,
was one of the great events of the decade. On
that occasion the first boatload of rock from the
Catalina quarries was dumped on the site of the
breakwater. Misfortune overtook the con-
tractors. Neu was killed in a runaway at Los
Angeles before work was begun, and Held-
maier failing to push the work, his contract was
cancelled by the government. May 14, 1900,
a contract was let to the California Construction
Company, of San Francisco, for $2,375,546.05,
over a million dollars above the former con-
tract.

The three dry vears with which the decade

and the century closed were not accompanied by
the disasters which overtook the county in for-
mer years of drought. Except in a few locali-
ties, the people thrived and prospered, and tlie
county increased in population during the
decade 70,000.

LIST OF THE CITIES AND TOWNS OF LOS ANGELES

WITH THE DATES OF THEIR FDUNDINO AND

THE POPULATION OF EACH ACCOKUING

TO THE CENSUS OF 1900.

Founded. Population.

Alhambra 1SS4 808

Avalon 1887 178

Azusa 1887 863

liurbank 1887 366

Clarejuont 1887 ISO

Covina 1887 255

Compton 1809 636

Downey 1873 700

El Monte 1853 266

Glendale 1883 200

Glcndora 1SS7 492

Hollywood 1887 200

Inglewood 1887 200

Irvindale 1894 141

Lordsburg 1887 500

Long Beach 1884 2.252

Los Angeles 1781 102,479

Monrovia : 1886 1,205

Pasadena 1875 9,117

Pomona 1875 5,526

Norwalk 1873 596

Newhall 1877 202

Redondo 1887 855

San Gabriel 1775 737

San Fernando 1873 200

San Pedro 1851 1,787

Santa Monica 1875 3,057

South Pasadena 1885 1,001

Whittier 1887 1,590

Wilmington 1858 500

Only towns whose population exceeds one hundred are in-
cluded in the above list.

CHAPTER XXVI.

THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES.

SHAPING THE CITY.

PIFTY years after its founding, Los An-
geles was like the earth on the murning
of creation, "without form." It had no
plat or plan, no map and no official survey of
its boundaries. The streets were crooked, ir-
regular and undefined. The houses stood at
different angles to the streets, and the house
lots were of all geometrical shapes and forms.
No man held a written title to his land and pos-
session was ten parts of the law; indeed, it was
all the law he had to protect his title. Not to
use his land was to lose it.

With the fall of the missions a spasm of terri-
torial expansion seized upon the colonists. In
1834, the territorial legislature, by an enactment,
fixed the boundaries of the pueI)lo of Los An-
geles at "two leagues to each of the four winds,
measuring from the center of the plaza." This
gave the pueblo an area of sixteen square leagues
or over one hundred square nii!es. Next year
(1835) Los .Angeles was made the capital of Alta

California by the Mexican congress and rai-^ed
to the dignity of a city ; and then its first-<real-
estate boom was on. There was an increased
demand for lots and lands, but there were no
maps or plats to grant by; and no additions or
subdivisions of the pueblo lands on the market.
All the unoccupied lands belonged to the munic-
ipality and when a citizen wanted a house lot
to build on, he petitioned the ayuntamiento for
a lot, anil if the piece asked for was vacant he
was granted a lot, large or small, deep or shal-
low, on the street or off it, just as it happened.
With the growth of the town, the confusion
and irregularity increased. The disputes arising
from overlapping grants, conflicting property
lines and indefinite descriptions intluced the
ayuntamiento of 1836 to appoint a commission
to investigate anil report upon the manner of
granting house lots and agricultural lands. The
commissioners reported "that they had con-
sulted with several of the founders and with old
settlers, who declared that from the founding
of the town the concession of lots and lands

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAnilCAL RECORD.

145

had been made verbally without any other for-
mality than locating and measin-ing the extent
of the land the fortunate one siiould occupy."

"In order to present a fuller report your com-
mission obtained an 'Instruction,' signed by Don
Jose Francisco de Ortega, dated at San Gabriel
February 2, 1782, and we noted tliat Articles
3, 4 and 17 of said Instruction provides that con-
cession of said agricultural lands and house lots
must be made by the government, which shall
issue the respective titles to the grantees. Ac-
cording to the opinion of the city's advisers, said
"Instruction' or at least the three articles re-
tired to, have not been observed, as there is
no property owner who can show a legal title to
liis property."

The connnissioners can not do otherwise but
call attention of the Most Illustrious Ayuntami-
ento to the evil consequence which may result by
reason of said abuses and recommend that some
means may be devised that they may be avoided.
"God and Liberty."

Abel Ste.-vrns,
Cacilio V.\ldez,
Jose M. Herrera,

Coininissioiiers.

Angeles, March 8, 1836.

Acting on the report of the connnissioners,
the ayuntamiento required all holders of prop-
erty to apply for written titles. But the poco
ticmpo ways of the pobladores (colonists) could
not be altogether overcome. We find from the
records that in 1847 the land of Mrs. Carmen
Navarro, one of the founders of the town, was
denounced (filed on) because she could not show
a written title to it. The ayuntamiento decided
"that as she had always been allowed to hold it
lier claim should be respected, because she was
one of the founders, which makes her entitled
to a lot on which to live."

March 17, 1836, "a commission on streets,
plazas and alleys" was appointed to report a plan
for repairing "the monstrous irregularity of the
streets brought about by ceding house lots and
erecting houses in this pueblo."

The conmiission reported in favor of "formu-
lating a plat of the city as it actually exists, on
which shall be marked the names of tlie streets,
alleys and plazas ; also, the house lots and com-
mon lands of the pueblo." But nothing came
of the report, no plat was made and the ayun-
tamiento went on in the same old way, granting
lots of all shapes and forms.

In March, 1846, another connnission was ap-
pointed to locate the bounds of the pueblo lands.
All that was done was to measure two leagues
"in the direction of the four winds from the plaza
church" and set stakes to mark the boundarv

lines. Then came the .American conquest of
California and the da)S of poco tiempo were
numbered. In 1847, after the conquest, another
attempt was made to straighten and narrow the
streets. A commission was appointed to try to
bring order out of the chaos into which the
streets had fallen. The commissioners reported,
July 22, 1847, ''s follows: "Your commissioners
could not but be amazed seeing the disorder and
the manner how the streets run. More particu-
larly the street which leads to the cemetery,
whose width is out of proportion to its length ;
and whose aspect offends the sense of the beauti-
ful which should prevail in the city. When
discussing this state of affairs with the syndic
(city attorney), he informed us that on receiving
his instructions from the ayuntamiento he was
ordered to give the streets a width of fifteen
varas (about 42 feet). This he found to be in con-
flict witli the statutes. The law referred to is in
r.iHilx- 4. ChapUr 7, Statute 10 (probably a com-
pilatinu ijf the "Law of the Indies," two or three
centuries old and brought from Spain to Mex-
ico and from there to California). The law reads :
"In cold countries the streets shall be wide and
in warm countries narrow ; and when there are
horses it would be convenient to have wide
streets for purpose of an occasional defense or to
widen them in the form above mentioned, care
being taken that nothing is done to spoil the
looks of the buildings, weaken the points of de-
fense or encroach upon the comfort of the peo-
ple."

"The instructions given the syndic by the
ayuntamiento are absolutely opposed to this
law and therefore illegal."

It probably never occurred to the connnission
to question the wisdom of so senseless a law ;
it had been a law in Spanish-America for centur-
ies, and therefore must be venerated for its an-
tiquity.

A iDlind, unreasoning faith in the wisdom of
church and state has been the undoing of the
Spanish people. Apparently the commission did
nothing more than report. California being a
warm country, the streets perforce must be nar-
row.

The same \ear a connnission was appointed
to "square the plaza." Through carelessness
some of the houses fronting on the square had
l)cen allowed to encroach upon it ; others were
set back so that the boundary lines of the plaza
zigzagged back and forth like a Virginia rail
fence. The neighborhood of the plaza was the
aristocratic residence quarter of the city then,
and a plaza front was considered high-toned.
The commissioners found tJie squaring of the
plaza as difificult a problem as the squaring of
a circle. After nianv trials and tribulations the

146

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

commissioners succeLcled in overcoming most of
the irregularities by reducing the area of the
plaza. The houses that protruded were not torn
down, but the property lines of the house owners
moved forward. The north, south and west lines
each measured 134 varas and the east line 112
varas after "squaring."

The ayuntamiento attempted to open a street
from the plaza north of the church (now West
Marchessault street), but Pedro Cabrera, who
had been granted a lot which fell in the line 'of
the street, refused to give up his plaza front for
a better lot without that aristocratic appendage
which the council offered him. Then the city
authorities offered him as compensation for the
difference a certain number of days' labor of the
chain gang (the treasury was in its usual state of
collapse), but Pedro could not be traded out of a
plaza front and thus sidetracked in his social
status, so the street took a twist around Pedro's
lot, a twist that fifty years has not straightened
out. The irregularities in granting portions of
the unapportioned city lands still continued and
the confusion of titles increased.

In May, 1849, the territorial governor, Gen.
Bennet Riley, sent a request to the ayuntamiento
for a city map and information in regard to the
manner of granting city lots. The ayuntamiento
replied that there was no map of the city in
existence and no surveyor here wdio could make
cne. The governor was asked to send a sur-
veyor to make a plan or plat of the city. He was
also informed that in making land grants within
"the perimeter of two leagues square" the city
acted in the belief that it is entitled to that much
land as a pueblo.

Lieut. E. O. C. Ord of the United States Army
was sent down by the governor to plat the city.
July 18, 1849, ^1*^ submitted two propositions to
the ayuntamiento : "He would make a map of
the city, marking boundary lines and points of
the municipal lands for $1,500 coin, ten lots se-
lected from among the defined lots on the map
and vacant lands to the extent of 1,000 varas to
be selected in sections of 200 varas wherever
he may choose it ; or he would make a map for
$3,000 in coin."

The ayuntamiento chose the last proposition —
the president prophetically remarking that the
time might come in the future when the land
alone might be worth $3,000. The money to
pay for the survey was borrowed from Juan
Temple at the rate of one per cent per month
and lots pledged as security for payment.

The ayuntamiento also decided that there
should be embodied in the map a plan of all the
lands actually under cultivation from the princi-
pal dam down to tlic last cultivated field below.
'As to the lots that should be shown on the map

they should begin at the cemetery (Calvary) and
end with the house of Botiller (near Twelfth
street). As to the commonalty lands of this city
the surveyor should determine the four points
of the compass, and, taking the parish church for
a center, measure two leagues in each cardinal
direction. These lines will bisect the four sides
of a square within which the lands of the mu-
nicipality will be contained, the area of the same
being sixteen square leagues and each side of the
square measuring four leagues.* The United
States claims commission rejected the city's
claim to sixteen square leagues, and in 1856
confirmed its title to four square leagues, the di-
mensions of the old pueblo under the rule of
Spain.

Lieut. Ord, assisted by William R. Hutton,
completed his Plan de la Ciudad de Los An-
geles, August 29, 1849. He divided into blocks
all that portion of the city bounded north by
First street and the base of the first line of hills,
east by i\Iain street, south by Twelfth street and
west by Figueroa street ; and into lots all of the
above to Eighth street ; also into lots and blocks
that portion of the city north of Short street to
College street and west of Upper Main (now San
Fernando) street to the base of the hills. On the
"plan" the lands between Main street and the
river are designated as "plough grounds, gar-
dens, corn and vine lands." The streets in the
older portion of the city are marked on the map,
but not named. The blocks, except the tier be-
tween First and Second streets, are each 600 feet
in length and are divided into ten lots, each 120
feet front by 165 feet deep.

Ord took his compass course for the line of
Main street, south 24° 43' west from the corner
opposite Jose Antonio Carrillo's house, which
stood where the Pico house now stands. On his
map Main, Spring and I'^ort (now Broadway)
streets ran in parallel straight lines southerly
to Twelfth street. Travel, regardless of street
surveys, persisted in keeping on the mesa and
thus Main street, the principal thoroughfare to
the south, was made to bend to the westward
below Fifth, cutting off the lower ends of Spring
and Fort streets.

The names of the streets on Ord's plan are
given in both Spanish and English. Beginning
with Main street they are as follows : Calle Prin-
cipal, Main street ; Calle Primavcra. Spring
street (named for the season, spring) ; Calle For-
tin. Fort street (so named because the street ex-
tended northward would pass through the old
fort on the hill); Calle Loma, Hill street; Calle
.\ccytuna, Olive street ; Calle de Caridad, Street
of Charity (now Grand avenue) ; Calle de La

♦City archive

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

147

Espranza, the Street of Hope ; Calle de Las
Flores, the Street of Flowers ; Calle de Los
Chapules, the Street of Grasshoppers (now South
Figueroa street). Above the plaza church, the
north and south streets, were the Calle de Eter-
nidad, Eternity street (so named because it had
neither beginning or end, or rather because each
end terminated in steep hills). Calle del Toro,
Bull street (so named because the upper end of
the street terminated at the Corrida de Toro, the
bull ring, where bull fights were held; it is now
Castelar street) ; Calle de Las Avispas, Street of
Hornets, or Wasps ; Calle de Los Adobes, Adobe
street. The east and west streets were : Calle
Corta, Short street ; Calle Alta, High street ;
Calle de Las Virgines, Street of Virgins, and
Calle del Colegio, College street. This street, so
named because the ayuntamiento had given the
Catholic Church a grant of a tract of land for a
college, is the oidy street north of the plaza that
retains its original name.

Spring street was known as Calle de Caridad
(Street of Charity) at the time of the American
conquest. The town then was centered around
the plaza and the present Spring street was well
out in the suburbs. Its inhabitants were of the
poorer classes, who were largely dependent on
the charity of their wealthier neighbors around
the plaza ; hence the name, Calle de Caridad.
North Spring is part of an old road made a cen-
tury ago. It led around the base of the hills
out to the brea beds, where the inhabitants ob-
tained the crude asphaltum used for roofing. Ord
evidently transferred Spring street's original
name. La Caridad, to one of his western streets
which was a portion of the old road.

Main street, from its junction with Spring
south, in 1846 was known as Calle de La Alle-
gria. Junction street. Los Angeles street was
the Calle Principal. Whether the name had
been transferred to the present Main streetbefore
Ord's survey I have not been able to ascertain.
In the early years of the century Los Angeles
street was known as Calle de La Zanja, Ditch
street. Later on it was sometimes called Calle
de Los Vinas, Street of Vineyards ; and with its
continuation Calle de Los Huertos, Street of
Orchards (now San Pedro), formed the principal
highway southward to the Embarcedaro of San
Pedro.

Ord's survey or plan left some of the houses,
in the old parts of the city, in the middle of the
streets and others were cut ofT from street front-
age. The city council labored long and ardu-
ously to satisfy complainants and to satisfac-
torily adjust property lines to the new plan of the
city. Finally in 1854, an ordinance was passed
allowing property owners with no street outlet
to claim frontage to the streets nearest their

houses. Gradually the city took the form that
Ord had planned, and the "monstrous irregular-
ity" that had amazed the old regidores disap-
peared, but the streets widened instead of nar-
rowing, as they should have done to accord
with the Spanish street laws.

AMERICANIZING THE CITY.

Although the decree of the Mexican congress
making Los Angeles a city was published in
California in 1836, ten years later, when the
Americans took possession of it, it was still
known as El Pueblo, the town. Only in official
records and communications did it rise to the
dignity of a ciudad (city). American writers of
the decade previous to the conquest all refer to
it as the "pueblo;" and one of them, Hastings,
who came to California overland in 1843, 3"<^'
wrote a book describing the country and telling
how to get there, seems not to have heard its real
name, but calls it "Poabola, below;" and San
Jose "Poabola, above." The act incorporating it
as a city of the American regime was passed by
the legislature April 4, 1850. Its area, according
to that act, was four miles. Why the "legisla-
ture of a thousand drinks" pared down its do-
main of four square leagues that for seventy
years, under monarchy, empire and republic, it
had possessed without dispute, does not appear
in the act nor in the city records.

As the members of that legislature were
mostly "tenderfeet," recently the "plains across,"
they may not have known the difference between
an English mile and a Spanish ligua (league),
but the most charitable conclusion is, that they
deemed four square miles area enough for a city
of sixteen hundred people. Why incorporate
chaparral-covered hills and mustard-grown me-
sas, inhabited by coyotes, jack rabbits and
ground squirrels? So they made it a mile each
way from the plaza; and the city of Los An-
geles half a century ago ended at Fifth street
on the south ; on the north at the Catholic ceme-
tery ; its eastern boundary just included the river
and its western was hopelessly lost in the hills.
No one on that side knew just where the city
ended and the country began, and nobody cared,
for the land was considered worthless.

Two difTerent nations by legislative decree
had raised Los Angeles to the dignity of a city.
And yet it was not much of a city after all. With-
in its bounds there was not a graded street, a
sidewalk, a street lamp, a water pipe or a public
building of any kind belonging to the munici-
pality.

The first city election under its American in-
corporation was held July i, 1850. The officers
elected were : A. P. Hodges, mayor (who also
held the office of county coroner) ; Francisco

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Figueroa, treasurer; A. F. Coronel, city asses-
sor (also county assessor) ; Samuel Whiting, city
marshal (also county jailer).

The first common council met July 3, 1850,
and the first record of its doings reads : "Messrs.
David W. Alexander, Alexander Bell, Manuel
Requena, Juan Temple, Morris L. Goodman,
Cristobal Aquilar and Julian Chavez took the
oath of office in conformity with Section 3, Arti-
cle XI, of the state constitution, before Jona-
than R. Scott (justice of the peace), and entered
upon the discharge of their duties as members
of the common council of this city, to which
oftke they had been elected by the people on the
first day of this month." David W. Alexander
was elected president and Vicente del Campo
secretary. The members had been sworn to
support the constitution of the state of Califor-
nia, and yet there was no state. California had
not been admitted as a state of the Union. It
had taken upon itself the functions of a state.
The legislature had made counties and cities
and provided for their organization and govern-
ment, and a governor elected by the people had
approved the acts of the k'g;islalure. The state
government was a political nondescript. It had
sloughed ofif its territorial condition, but it could
not become a state until congress admitted it
into the Union and the slave-holding faction of
that body, headed by Jeff'erson Davis, would not
let it in.

The first common council of the city was patri-
otic and self-denying. The first resolution passed
was as follows : "It having been observed that in
other places the council members were drawing
a salary, it was unanimously resolved that the
members of this council shall receive neither
salary nor fees of whatsoever nature for dis-
charging their duties as snch." But some of them
wearied of serving an ungrateful public and tak-
ing their pay in honor. Before sixty days had
passed two had resigned, and at the end of the
year only two of the original memlicrs, David
W. Alexander and Manuel Rcqucna, were left.
There had been six resignations in eight months ;
and the first council had thirteen different mem-
bers during its short existence.

The process of Americanizing (he people was
no easy undertaking. The population of the city
and the laws were in a chaotic condition. It
was no easy task that these municipal legislators
entered upon, that of evolving order out of the
chaos left by the change of nations. The native
population neither understood the language nor
the customs of their new rulers, and the new-
comers among the Americans had very little tol-
eration for the Mexican ways and methods they
found prevailing in the cily. To keep jicacc be-
tween Ihc f.iclions rcciuired more tact than

knowledge of law in the legislator. Fortunately
the first council was made up of level-headed
men.

What to do with the Indian was the burning
issue of that day, not with the wild ones that stole
the rancheros' horses and cattle. For them when
caught there was but one penalty for their of-
fense, death.

It was the tame Indians, the Christianized ne-
ophytes of the missions, that worried the city fa-
thers. The Mission Indians constituted the labor
element of the city and country. When sober
they were harmless, but in their drunken orgies
they became veritable fiends, and the usual re-
sult of their Saturday night revels was a dead
Indian or two on Sunday morning; and all the
others, old and young, male and female, were
dead drunk.

They were herded in a corral and worked in
gangs on the streets, but the supply became too
great for city purposes ; so the council, ^Vugust
16, T850, passed this ordinance : "When the city
has no work in which to employ the chain gang,
the recorder shall, by means of notices conspicu-
ously posted, notify the public that such and such
a number of prisoners will be auctioned of¥ to the
highest bidder for private service ; and in that
manner they shall be disposed of for a sum
which shall not be less than the amount of their
fine for double the time which they were to
serve at hard labor." It would have been a right-
eous retribution on the white wretches who suj)-
plied the Indians with intoxicants if they could
have been sold into perpetual slavery.

Evidently auctioning off Indians to the highest
bidders paid the city quite a reveiuie, for at a
subsequent meeting of the council "the recorder
was authorized to pay the Indian alcaldes (chiefs)
the sum of one real (12} cents) out of every fine
collected from Indians the said alcaldes may
bring to the recorder for trial." A month or so
later the recorder presented a bill for $15, the
amount of money he had paid the alcaldes out ol
fines. At the rate of eight Indians to the dollar,
the alcaldes had evidently gathered up a hundred
and twenty poor Los.

Usually poor Lo paid a higher penalty for sin-
ning than his white brother, but there was one
city ordinance in which this was reversed. ".\r-
ticle 14 — For playing cards in the streets regard-
less of the kin<l of game; likewise for playing
any other game of the kind as is played in houses
that are paying a license for the privilege, the of-
fender shall be fined not less than $10 nor more
than $25, which shall be paid on the spot ; other-
wise he shall be sent to the chain gang for ten
days. If he be an Indian then he shall be fined
not le^s Ihan $3 nor more than $5 or sent to the
chain g.mg f.ir eight davs." .Vt first glance this

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1-19

ordinance might seem to have been drafted in the
interest of morality, but a closer inspection will
show that it is for revenue only. The gambling
houses paid a license of $ioo a month. So for
their benefit the council put a protective tariff
on all kinds of gambling.

The whipping post, too, was used as a reforma-
tory agent to instill lessons of honesty and mor-
ality into the Indians. One court record reads :
"Chino Valencea ^,Indian) was fined $50 and
twenty-five lashes for stealing a pair of shears ;
the latter fine (the lashes) was paid promptly in
full ; for the former he stands committed to the
chain-gang for two months, unless it is sooner
paid." At the same session of the court a white
man was fined $30 for selling liquor to the In-
dians; "fine paid and defendant discharged."
Drunkenness, immorality and epidemics — civili-
zation's gifts to the aborigines — finally settled
the Indian question — settled it by exterminating
the Indian.

THE POST-OFFICE AND POSTAL SERVICE.

The post-ofifice at Los Angeles was established
April 9, 1850, nearly four years after California
had passed into the possession of the United
States. J. I'ugh was the first postmaster. There
had been a mail service in the territory and possi-
bly a post-ofifice in tlie pueblo under Spanish
rule. Once a month military couriers picked up
at presidios, pueblos and missions from San
Francisco to San Diego, their little budgets of
mail and carried them down the coast of Lower
California to Loreto, where the mail was taken
in sailing vessels across the gulf to San Bias.
The couriers made the round trip in a month.
The habilitados (paymaster) acted as postmas-
ters at the presidios. At the pueblos the alcalde
or some officer detailed for that purpose acted as
administrador de correos (postmaster). As but
few could read or write and there were no news-
papers taken the revenue of La casa 6 adminis-
tracion de correos la estafeta (post-ofifice) was
not large, and it did not require nuich of a \)o-
litical pull to secure the office of postmaster in
Los Angeles a century ago.

Under Mexican rule there was an irregular
land service, but most of the mail was carried
by sailing vessels. There was a route by the
Colorado River and Sonora much shorter than
the Lower California post road, but the Indians
had a bad habit of distributing the mail, and the
mail carriers along the road, and it was used only
when a military force made the trip. After the
conquest, in 1847, the military authorities estab-
lished a regular service between San Francisco
and San Diego. Soldier-carriers starting from
each end of the route met at Dana's Ranch,
half way, and, exchanging mail pouches, each

then returned to his starting point. It took
a fortnight for them to go and return. After the
soldiers were discharged, in the latter part of
1848, the land service was discontinued and the
mail was carried up and down the coast between
San Francisco and San Diego in sailing vessels.
Wind and weather permitting, a letter might
reach its destination in a few days ; with the ele-
ments against it, it might take a month to get
there.

In 1849, Wilson & Packard, whose store was
on Main street where the Farmers & Merchants'
Bank now stands, were the custodians of the let-
ters received at Los Angeles. A tub stood on
the end of a counter. Into this the letters were
dumped. Anyone expecting a letter was at lib-
erty to sort over the contents of the tub and
take away his mail. The office was conducted on
a free delivery system and every man was his
own postmaster. Col. John O. Wheeler, who
had clerked for the firm in 1849, bought out the
business in 1850, and still continued the laundry
post-ofifice. After the establishment of the post-
office an officious postal agent from San Fran-
cisco found fault with the tub post-office and free
and easy delivery system, and the colonel, who
had been acconmiodating the public free of
charge, told the agent to take his postal matter
elsewhere.

The coast mail was carried by steamers after a
regular line was established in 185 1, but the
service was not greatly improved. Tlie Lo^ An-
geles Star of October i, 1853, under the head of
"Information Wanted," sends forth this doleful
wail : "Can anybody tell us what has become of
the United States mail for this section of the
world? Some four weeks since the mail actually
arrived here. Since that time two other mails are
due. The mail rider comes and goes regularly
enougli, but the mail bags do not. One time he
says the mail is not landed at San Diego. Another
time there was so much of it his donkey could
not bring it and he sent it to San Pedro on the
steamer 'T. Flunt,' which carried it to San
Francisco. Thus it goes wandering up and down
the ocean." According to the Star, one mail was
fifty-two days in transmission from San Fran-
cisco to Los Angeles.

The first regular mail service Los Angeles ob-
tained was by the Butterfield stage line. This
was the longest mail stage line ever organized
and the best managed. Its eastern termini
were St. Louis and Memphis ; its western term-
inus San Francisco. Its lenglh was 2,881 miles.
It began operation in September, 1858, and the
first stage from the east carrying mail reached
Los Angeles, October 7, 1858. The first service
was two mail coaches each way a week, for which
the government paid the stage company a sub-

150

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

sidy of $600,000 a year. The schedule time be-
tween San Francisco and St. Louis was twenty-
four days. The Butterfield route southward from
San Francisco was by the way of San Jose, Gil-
roy, Pacheco's Pass, Visalia and Fort Tejon to
Los Angeles. Eastward from Los Angeles it ran
by way of El Monte, Temecula and Warner's
ranch to Yuma. From there it followed about
the present route of the Southern Pacific Rail-
road to El Paso ; then northward to St. Louis,
branching at Fort Smith for Memphis. Los An-
geles never has had a mail service more prompt
and reliable. The Star, in lauding it, says : "The
arrival of the overland mail is as regular as the
index on the clock points to the hour, as true to
time as the dial to the sun." The best time that
it ever made between St. Louis and Los Angeles
was nineteen days. In 1861 the Confederates at
the eastern end and the Indians at the western
destroyed the stations and got away with some
of the stock. The coaches were transferred to
the Central Overland route via Omaha and Salt
Lake City to San Francisco. After the discontin-
uance of the Butterfield stage line Los Angeles
got her eastern mail by way of San Francisco,
and had the old irregularities and delays until the
railroad was completed in 1876. In 1882 the com-
pletion of the Southern Pacific Railroad gave
direct mail service east.

The first location of the post-office was on Los
Angeles street, near the plaza. In fifty years it
has wandered up and down foifr dififerent streets
from the plaza on the north to Eighth street on
the south. In June, 1893, it was moved into the
building erected for it on the corner of Main and
Winston streets and removed, March, 1901, to
the corner of Eighth and Spring, while the gov-
ernment building undergoes the slow process of
reconstruction.

The postmasters in the order of their appoint-
ment are as follows : J. Pugh, W. T. B. Sanford,
William B. Osburn, James S. Waite, J. D.
Woodworth, T. J. White, William G. Still, Fran-
cisco P. Ramirez, Russell Sackett, George J.
Clarke, H. K. W. Bent, Isaac R. Dunkelberger,
John W. Green, E. A. Preuss, J. W. Green, H.
V. Van Dusen, John R. Mathews and Lewis A.
Groff.

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS.

The only school of which there is any record
in the Spanish era of Los Angeles history is one
taught by Maximo Pefia, an invalid soldier, in
1817 and 1818. His yearly salary was $140. The
first school of the Mexican regime mentioned
in the archives was taught by Luciano Valdez,
beginning in 1827. His school was kept open
at varying intervals until the close of 183 1. On
account of "the lack of improvement in the ptib-

lic school of the pueblo," the ayuntamiento dis-
charged him and employed Vicente Morago, who
had the necessary qualifications for "civilizing
and morally training the children," * * * "al-
lowing him $15 monthly, the same as was paid the
retiring citizen, Luciano Valdez." February 12,
1833, Morago was appointed secretary of the
ayuntamiento at $30 per month and resigned his
position as teacher. Francisco Pontoja was ap-
pointed preceptor of the pueblo school. He
taught to January, 1834, when he demanded $20
per month ; the ayuntamiento, "seeing certain
negligence and indolence in his manner of ad-
vancing the children," discharged him and em-
ployed Cristoval Aquilar at $15 per month. He
taught a year, and then asked for an increase in
his salary. "After discussion it was decided that
his fitness for the position was insufficient." He
was discliarged. In 1835 Vicente Morago again
took charge of the school. As he was satisfied
with $15 per month his fitness was evident. In
1838 Don Yznacio Coronel taught the school.
He received $15, and the parents, according to
their means, paid certain amounts. His daughter,
Soledad, assisted him, and she was the first laily
teacher of Los Angeles.

January, 1844, Ensign Guadalupe Medina, an
officer of Micheltorena's army, opened a primary
school on the Lancastrian plan, wdiich attained
an attendance of 103 pupils and was the most
successful school of the RIexican era. The Lan-
castrian plan was an educational fad once popu-
lar, but dead for fifty years. The gist of the sys-
tem was the nearer the teacher was in education
to the level of the pupil, the more successful
would he be in imparting instruction. So the
preceptor taught the more advanced pupils ;
these taught the next lower grades, and so down
the scale to the lowest class. Lieut. Medina's
school was closed because the school-house was
needed for army headquarters. Los Angeles
was in the throes of a revolution. It could get
along without a school, but a political eruption
it must have about so often or die. Next year
the gringos came, and when school opened again
another nation was in charge of afYairs. In the
seventy years the pueblo was under Spanish and
Mexican rule it never built or owned a school-
house ; nor was there a public school buildhig
in California.

The first school under American rule in Cali-
fornia was taught by Dr. William B. Osburn in
Los Angeles during the year 1847. It was under
the auspices of Col. Stevenson, the military com-
mander of the southern district.

When the council was organized July 3, 1850,
Francisco Bustamente, employed by the ayun-
tamiento, was in charge of the public school at
$60 per month and an allowance of $20 for house

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

151

rent. He taught until near the close of the year,
when, on account of his large family, whom he
could not support out of his meager salary, he
asked for $ioo per month. The council dis-
charged him, but whether for unfitness or for too
much family, records do not state.

In July, 1850, Hugh Overns petitioned the
council to establish a school in which he would
teach the English, French and Spanish lan-
guages. The council allowed him from the pub-
lic funds $50 per month for the privilege of send-
ing to the school "six orphan boys or others
whose parents are poor." January 4, 185 1, Rev.
Henry Weeks and his wife opened a school,
Weeks teaching the boys and his wife the girls.
They received $150 a month and furnished their
own school rooms. The first school ordinance
was adopted by the council July 9, 185 1. It pro-
vided for an allowance of $50 per month to any
educational institution in the city teaching the
rudiments of English and Spanish languages.

August 13, 1852, by ordinance, ten cents on
the $100 of the municipal tax was set apart for
the support of public schools. July 25, 1853, an
ordinance was passed for the establishment and
government of the city's schools. It provided
for the appointment of three commissioners, who
shall constitute a board of education, the chair-
man of which shall be superintendent of schools.
J. Lancaster Brent, Lewis Granger and Stephen
C. Foster were appointed a board of education,
J. L. Brent becoming ex-officio school superin-
tendent.

May 20, 1854, an amended ordinance was
passed and Stephen C. Foster, then mayor, was
made the first superintendent, and three mem-
Ijers of the council constituted the board of edu-
cation. That year school house No. i, a brick
two-story building, was built on the northwest
comer of Spring and Second streets, where the
Bryson block now stands. School was opened
in it March 19, 1855, with William A. Wallace in
charge of the boys and Miss Louisa Hayes in
charge of the girls. Co-education was not al-
lowed in those days. School house No. 2 was
built in 1856. It was on Bath street, north of the
plaza, now North Main street. These two school

houses supplied the needs of the city lor ten
years.

During the '60s, on account of sectional ha-
treds growing out of the Civil war, the public
schools in Los Angeles were unpopular. They
were regarded as Yankee institutions and were
hated accordingly by the Confederate sympathiz-
ers, who made up a majority of the city's popula-
tion. In 1865-66 the number of school census
children in the city was 1,009. Of these only
331 were enrolled in the public schools during
the year. The average attendance in the pri-
vate schools was fifty per cent greater than in
the public schools. Twenty-one negro children
were enrolled in a separate school. The educa-
tion of these twenty-one little negroes was re-
garded as a menace to the future ascendancy of
the white race. Out of such mole hills does po-
litical bigotry contract impassable mountains.
The northern immigration that began to drift
into Los Angeles in the early '70s changed pub-
lic opinion in regard to the common schools.
The Los Angeles high school, the first in South-
ern California, was established in 1873. From
this onward the schools of the city have steadily
progressed. The city school superintendents, in
the order of their service, are as follows : J. Lan-
caster Brent, ex-officio; Stephen C. Foster, Dr.
William B. Osborn, Dr. John S. Griffin, J. Lan-
caster Brent, E. J. C. Kewen, Rev. W. E. Board-
man, A. F. Heinchman, G. L. Mix, Dr. R. F.
Flayes, Rev E. Birdsell, Joseph Huber, Sr. ; H.
D. Barrows, A. Glassell, Dr. T. FI. Rose, A. G.
Brown, Dr. W. T. Lucky, C. H. Kimball, Mrs.
C. B. Jones, J. M. Guinn, L. D. Smith, W. M.
Freisner, Leroy D. Brown, P. W. Search and
J. A. Foshay.

The ofifice of superintendent in earlier years
was filled by lawyers, doctors, ministers and
business men. It was not until 1869 that a pro-
fessional teacher was chosen superintendent ;
since then professional teachers have filled the
office.

The State Normal school building at Los An-
geles was completed in 1882, and the school
opened August 29, of that year. It is now next
to largest Normal School in tlie state.

152

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER XXVll.

THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES— Continued.

CRIME AND VIGILANCE COMMITTEES.

LOS ANGELES was a turbulent city in its
youth. During the Spanish and Mexican
eras of its history it was not the scene
of many capital crimes, but during Mexican
domination it became a storm center of political
revolutions. These rarely resulted in bloodshed,
and were more famous for noise than for physical
violence.

The first vigilance committee on the Pacific
coast of North America had its origin in Los
Angeles in 1836, twenty years before the world-
famous vigilance committee of 1856 was formed
at San Francisco. Its story briefly told runs
thus : The wife of Domingo Feliz, part owner
of the Los Feliz rancho, who bore the poetical
name of Maria del Rosario Villa, became infat-
uated with a handsome Init disreputable Sonoran
vaquero, Gervacio Alispaz by name. She de-
serted her husband and lived with Alispaz as his
mistress at San Gabriel. Feliz, failing to reclaim
his erring wife, sought the aid of the authorities.
A reconciliation was effected, ami the husljand
and wife started on horseback for the rancho.
On their way they met Alispaz. An altercation
occurred and Feliz was stabbed to death by his
wife's paramour. The body was dragged into a
ravine and covered with brush and leaves. Next
day the body was found and the guilty pair ar-
rested. The people were filled with horror and
indignation, and there were threats of summary
vengeance, but better counsel prevailed. It was
the beginning of holy week, and all efforts to
bring them to punishment were deferred until
after Easter. Monday morning, April 7, a large
number of citizens assembled at the house of
Juan Tcmi)lc. An organization was effected.
Victor I'rudon, a native of Breton, France, but
a naturalized citizen of California, was made
president, M^muel Arzaga, secretary, and Fran-
cisco Arunjo, a retired army ofificer, commander
of the vigilantes. Fifty-five persons were en-
rolled in a vigilance committee. The organiza-
tion was named Junta Defensora dc La Seguri-
dad Publico — Ihiited Defenders of the Public
Safety. An address to the people and the au-
thorities was formulated, setting forth the ne-
cessity of the organization and demanding the
immediate execution of the assassins. The ayun-

taniicnto, alarmed at tlie threatening attitude of
the people, assembled in extraordinary session.
An attempt was made to enroll the militia to put
down the uprising, but it was given up. A de-
mand was made on the authorities for Alispaz
and the woman. This was refused. The mem-
bers of the Junta Defensora, all armed, marched
in a body to the jail. The guard refused to give
up the keys. They were secured by force and
Gervacio Alispaz taken out and shot to death.
-A demand was then made for the key to the
apartment (in a private house) where the woman
was incarcerated. The alcalde refused to give it
up. The key was secured. The wretched Maria
was taken to the place of execution on a carreta
and shot. The bodies of the guilty pair were
brought back to the jail and the following com-
munication sent to the alcalde, Manuel Requena :

"Junta of the Defenders of the Public Safety —
To the b'irst Constitutional Alcalde:
The dead bodies of Gervacio Alispaz and Ma-
ria del Rosario Villa are at your disposal. W'c
also forward you the jail keys that you may de-
liver them to whomsoever is on guard. In case
you are in need of men to serve as guards we are
at your disposal.

God and Liberty. Angeles, .Xpril 7, 1836.
Victor Prudon, President.
Manuel Arzaga, Secretary.

A few days later the Junta Defensora de La
Seguridad Publico disbanded, and so ended the
only instance in the seventy-five vears of Span-
ish and Mexican rule in California of the people
by popular tribunal taking the administration of
justice out of the hands of the legally constituted
aiUhoritics.

\\'\i\\ the discovery of gold in California began
the era of crime. In the decade following that
event, to paraphrase one of the.Junta Defensora's
nieta]ihors, "the dike of legal restraint was swept
away by a torrent of atrocious infamy." Gold al-
lured to California the law-defying as well as the
law-abiding of many countries. They came from
Europe, from South America and from Mexico.
From Australia and Tasmania came the escajie 1
convict and the lickef-of-leave man; from .Asia
came tlio "hcnlhen Cliincr:" and the I'nited
States usually furnished the heavy villain in all

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

153

the tragedies. These conglomerate elements of
society found the Land of Gold practically with-
out law and the vicious among them were not
long in making it a land without order.

The American element among the gold seek-
ers soon adjusted a form of government to suit
the exigencies of the times and the people. There
may have been too much lynching, too much
vigilance conmiittee in it, and too little respect
for lawfully constituted authorities, but it was
effective in controlling the criminal element and
was suited to the social condition existing. Los
Angeles was far removed from the gold fields,
but from some cause, or rather from several
causes, it furnished more villains, vigilance com-
mittees and lynchings than any other city in the
state. San Francisco in its two famous commit-
tees, that of 185 1 and that of 1856, executed ten
men and then gave up the business to the legal
authorities. Los Angeles city and county be-
tween 1851 and 1871 hanged thirty-five, con-
demned by popular tribunal and executed by vig-
ilantes. From 1850, for at least two decades the
city was seldom or never without some form
of a people's tribunal of last resort. The gal-
lows tree in early times stood on Fort Hill. The
first execution there was in 1852, when three na-
tive Californians were hanged for the murder
of two young cattle buyers on the banks of the
San Gabriel river, December 4, 1852; threemore
were hanged, two for complicity in the murder
of Gen. Bean, and one for stabbing his friend to
death on some slight provocation. One of the
sus])ects for the murder of Bean, a poor cobbler
by the name of Sandoval, died declaring his
innocence. Years afterwards one of the real
murderers on his death bed confessed that the
cobbler was innocent.

January T2, 1855, David Brown, for the mur-
der of his companion, Clifford, was taken from
the jail and hanged to the gateway of a corral
on .Spring street opposite the prison. During
1855 and 1856 lawlessness increased. There ivas
an organized band of about one hundred Mexi-
cans who patroled the highways, robbing and
murdering. On the night of January 22, 1857,
Sheriff James R. Barton, with a posse consisting
of William H. Little, Charles K. Baker, Charles
F. Daley, Alfred Hardy and Franl- Alexander,
left Los Angeles in pursuit of this banditti, who
under their leaders, Pancho Daniel and Juan
Flores, had been robbing and committing out-
rages in the neighborhood of San Juan Capis-
trano. On the road near San Juan they encoun-
tered a detachment of the bandits. A short,
sharp engagement took place. Barton, Baker,
Little and Daley were killed. Hardy and Al-
exander escaped by the fiectness of their horses.
This tragedy aroused the people to a determi-

nation to exterminate the murderous gang. Sev-
eral military companies were organized. The
country was scoured, suspicious characters ar-
rested and known criminals hanged without
judge, jury or the benefit of a priest. Flores
was hanged on Fort Hill and Pancho Daniel
eighteen months later was found one morning
hanging to a beam across the gate of the jail
yard. The vigilantes, exasperated at the law's
delays, hanged him. Tiburcio Vasquez's gang-
were the last banditti to terrorize the southern
counties. After committing a scries of crimes,
the leader was captured in a canon of the Calui-
enga mountains May 15, 1874, by a sheriff's
posse under Deputy Sheriff Albert Johnson.
Vasquez was hanged March 19, 1S75, at San
Jose for murder committed in Santa Clara
County. His band was broken up and disap-
peared from the county.

October 24, 1871, occurred one of the most
disgraceful afTairs that ever occurred in Los An-
geles. It is known as the Chinese massacre. It
grew out of one of those interminable feuds
between rival tongs or companies of highbinders
over the possession of a woman. In attempting
to quell the disturbance, Robert Thompson was
shot and killed by a bullet fired through the
door of a Chinese house. A mob soon gathered
and attacked the Chinese dens, and dragging
frjrth the wretched occupants, hanged nineteen of
them to wagon boxes, awnings and beams of a
corral gate. The mob plundered the Chinese
quarters, stealing everything of value they could
lay their hands on. The rioting had begun about
dark and continued until 9 r^o in the evening,
when the law-abiding citizens, under the lead of
Henry T. Hazard, R. M. Widney, IT. C. .'Vustin,
Sheriff Burns and others, had gathered in suffi-
cient force to put a stop to the mob's wild work.
Finding determined opposition, the murderous
miscreants quickly dispersed. Of the nineteen
Chinamen hanged, shot or dragged to death,
only one. Ah Clioy, was implicated in the high-
binder war that gave the mob an excuse for rob-
l)cry and pillage. One hundred and fifty indict-
ments were found by the grand jury against per-
sons implicated in the riot. Only six were con-
victed and these after serving a short time in
the state's prison were released on a tech-
nicality.

The last execution by a vigilance conunittee
in Los .'\ngelcs occurred on the morning of De-
cember 17. 1870. The victim was Michael Lach-
cnias, a French desperado, who murdered his
neighbor, Jacob Bell, an inoffensive little man.
without provocation. Laclienias, who had the
reputation of having killed five or six men, af-
ter shooting Bell rode in from his ranch south of
town boasting of his deed. He gave himself up

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and was placed in jail. A vigilance committee,
three hundred strong, was formed and, march-
ing to the jail in broad daylight, took Lachenias
out, then proceeded to Tomlinson's corral on the
corner of Temple and New High streets (where
the Law Building now stands), and hanged him
to the beam over the gate. During the Chinese
massacre five Chinamen were hanged to the
same beam. No attempt was made to prosecute
the vigilantes that executed Lachenias.

PIONEER NEWSPAPERS.

In our American colonization of the Great
West the newspaper has kept pace with immigra-
tion. It was not so in Spainsh colonization ; in it
the newspaper came late if it came at all. There
were no newspapers published in California dur-
ing the Spanish and Mexican eras.

Seventy years elapsed between the founding
of Los Angeles and the founding of its first
newspaper. October i6, 1850, Theodore Fos-
ter petitioned the city council "for a lot situated
at the northerly corner of the jail for the pur-
pose of erecting thereon a house to be used as
a printing establishment." The council, "taking
in consideration the advantages which a print-
ing house offers to the advancement of public
enlightenment, resolved for this once only that a
lot from amongst those that are marked on the
city map be given to Mr. Theodore Foster for
the purpose of establishing thereon a printing-
house, and the donation be made in his favor
because he is the first to inaugurate this public
benefit." Foster selected a lot "back of John-
son's fronting on the corral." The corral or zanja
madre (mother ditch) ran along Los Angeles
street. Foster's lot, "forty varas each way,"
granted him by the council, was directly in the
rear of where the St. Charles now stands. On
this lot Foster built a two-story building. The
lower story was used for a printing office and the
upper for a living room for the proprietors and
compositors.

The first number of the pioneer paper was
issued May 17, 185 1. It was named La Estrella
dc Los Angeles — the Star of Los Angeles, or the
Los Angeles Star. It was a four-page, five-col-
umn paper; size of page, 12x18 inches. Two of
its pages were printed in English and two in
Spanish. The subscription price was $10 a year,
payable in advance. Advertisements were in-
serted at the rate of $2 per square for the first
insertion and $1 for each subsequent insertion.
The publishers were John A. Lewis and John
McElroy. Foster had transferred his interest
in the printing house before the issue of the pa-
per. In September, 1853, he committed suicide
by drowning himself in the Fresno river.

Between 1851 and 1856 the Star had a number

of different proprietors and publisJK-rs. It was
not a very profitable investment, so it was passed
along from one to another, each proprietor imag-
ining that he knew how to run a paper to make
it pay. In June, 1856, Henry Hamilton bought
it. He continued its publication until October
12, 1864, when, having fallen under the ban of
the Federal government for his outspoken sym-
pathy with the Southern Confederacy, he was
forced to discontinue its publication, and the Star
set for a time. May 16, 1868, he resumed its
publication. In 1870 the Daily Star was issued
by Hamilton & Barter, liarter retired from
the firm in a short time and Hamilton con-
tinued its publication. Ben. C. Truman leased it
in 1S73, and continued its publication until, July,
1877, Hamilton sold the paper to Paynter & Co.
It passed from one publisher to another until
finally the sheriff attached the plant for debt in
the latter part of 1879, ''"'^' t^'^^ ■^''"' ^^ Los An-
geles ceased to shine.

The second paper founded in Los Angeles was
the Southern Californian. The first issue ap-
peared Jul) JO, 1S54, L". N. Richards & Co., pub-
lishers ; William Butts, editor. November 2,
1854, William Butts and John O. Wheeler suc-
ceeded Richards & Co. in the proprietorship. The
paper was ably conducted and large in size. It
died in January, 1856, from insufficient support.

El Clomor Publico was the first Spanish paper
published in Los Angeles. The first issue ap-
peared June 8, 1855; its last December 31, 1859.
Francisco P. Ramirez was the editor and proprie-
tor. The Southern Vineyard was founded by
Col. J. J. Warner March 20, 1858. It was at first
a weekly and later on a semi-weekly. It ceased
to exist June 8, i860.

The Los Angeles News was established by C.
R. Conway and Alonzo Waite, January 18, i860.
It was at first a semi-weekly ; then changed to
a tri-wcekly and back again to a semi-weekly.
January i, 1869, tinder the management of King
& Oflfutt it appeared as the Los Angeles Daily
A'C7Vs. It was the first daily paper published in
Los Angeles. Subscription price was $12 a year,
six numbers a week. Its publication ceased in

1873-

1 hesc enumerated above were pioneers in the
field of journalism. Of the modern papers (those
that have ai)pcarcd since i860) their nunil)er is
legion and the journalistic graveyard of unfell
wants is well filled with their remains. I have not
space even lo cnumeralc thcni. The oldest paper
now published in Los Angeles is the E':'eiiing
Express. It was established March 27, 1871.

ANNALS OF THE CITV's GROWTH AND PROGRESS.

During the first decade (1850 to iS6o~) of
.•\niericnn government of the city it made a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

155

steady growth. Wood and brick to a consider-
able extent had supplanted adobe in building.
The first brick were made in 1S52 by Jesse
Hunter, and the first brick building erected in
the city was built on the northwest corner of
Main and Third streets.

The population of the city in 1850 was 1,610;
in i860, 4.399. The growth of the city has been
irregular, by fits and starts, or booms, as they
are now called. In 1849 and 1850 the city had
one of its spasms of expansion that astonished
the old-timers. Houses already framed for put-
ting together were shipped around the Horn
from Boston and New York and even from Lon-
don. Some of these were sheet-iron buildings.
Again in 1858 and 1859 the city had another
building boom. The Arcadia block, on the corner
of Arcadia and Los Angeles streets, was built
by Don Abel Stearns. It is said to have cost
$80,000. The Angeleiios pointed to it with
pride and claimed that it was the finest business
block south of San Francisco. In 1859 Juan
Temple erected for a city market the building
that was afterward used for a court house. The
upper story was designed for and used several
years as a theater. It cost $30,000. Ten years
later it was sold at $25,000 to the county for a
court house. During the year 1859, thirty-one
brick buildings and a considerable number of
wooden ones were built in the city. It was the
biggest building boom in the history of the city
up to that time. In January, 1858, the first train
of pack camels appeared in Los Angeles. For
a year or more afterwards it was no unconnnon
sight to see a caravan of these hump-backed
burden-bearers solemnly wending their way
single file through the city. In 1857, through
the efforts of JciTerson IDavis, then secretary
of war, seventy-five camels were imported fnim
Egypt and Arabia to Texas for army service in
the arid plains of the southwest. One detach-
ment from the main body was used in packing
supplies from Los Angeles to Fort Tej(Mi ;
others were used in transporting military sup-
plies to the forts in Utah, Arizona, New Mexico
and Texas. But the experiment proved a fail-
ure. The perversity of the camel and the im-
possibility of transforming an American mule
whacker into an Arabian camel driver destroyed
all hopes of utilizing the camel in America, and
these "ships of the desert" were left finally to
drift in their native element at will. It is said that
some of the survivors of the experiment or their
descendants are still running loose in the deserts
of Arizona and Northern Alcxico.

In i860 the telegraph line between San Fran-
cisco and Los Angeles was completed and the
first message over the wires was sent by Henry
Melius, the mayor of Los Angeles, at 10 o'clock

P. M., October 8, to H. F. Teschemacher, presi-
dent of the board of supervisors of San Fran-
cisco. The Salt Lake trade, begun in 1855, had
grown to considerable proportions. In one
month as high as sixty wagons had been loaded
in Los Angeles for Salt Lake. May 25, 1861,
a grand Union demonstration was held in the
city. The Civil war had split the citizens into
two hostile factions; the larger number were
Confederate sympathizers. The Union men,
taking advantage of the presence of a company
of the First United States Dragoons, got up a
grand procession and marched around the plaza,
down Main and up Spring to the court house,
where the national colors were unfurled. The
United States military band struck up the "Star-
Spangled Banner," thirty-four guns were fired,
one for each state in the Union, and patriotic
speeches were made by Gen. Drown, Major
Carlton and Capt. (afterwards Gen.) W. S. Han-
cock.

January, 1862, was noted for the greatest flood
in the history of California. It began raining
December 24, 1861, and kept it up almost with-
out cessation for a month. New Year's day the
valleys were like inland seas and all communica-
tion with the city from the south and east was
cut of?. The Arroyo Seco brought down im-
mense rafts of driftwood, but as there were no
bridges then across the river these did but little
harm. They supplied the poor people of the
city with firewood. During the early part of
1862 there were about 4,000 troops at Wilming-
ton en route for Arizona and New Mexico. One
regiment was stationed at Camp Latham on the
La Ballona rancho. This camp was broken up
in tb.e summer and the troops removed to Wil-
mington.

The year 1863 was one of disasters. Sniall]iox
was raging among the Mexicans and Indians
and they were dying so fast that it was difficult
to find persons to bury them. The great drouth
had set in and cattle on the overstocked ranges
were dying by droves. There was a feud be-
tween the Unionist and secessionist so bitter
that a body of troops had to be stationed in the
city to protect the Unionists, who were in the
minority. Times were hard and money almost
an unknown quantity. The property of several
of the richest men in the city was advertised for
sale on account of delinquent taxes. No assess-
ment for citv taxes was made for the fiscal vear
of 1863-64. '

The year 1864 was a cominnati.m of the evil
days of 1863. The drouth continued and many
of the cattle carried over from the previous year
died before grass grew. The secession element
was still rampant and a number of arrests were
made by the government.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

In 1S65 the war was over and those on both
sides who hail fought valiantly with their tongues
sheathed their weapons and cried peace. April
19, public obsequies were held in respect to the
memory of President Lincoln. Rev. Elias Bird-
sell delivered the funeral oration. The 4th of
July was celebrated for the first time since the
beginning of the war. The church of the First
Protestant Society, the erection of which had
been begun in 1859, under the ministry of Rev.
William E. Boardman, a Presbyterian minister,
was this year turned over to the Episcopalians in
an unfinished condition. It was completed and oc-
cupied by Rev. Elias Birdsell, an Episcopal min-
ister. It was advertised for sale by the sheriff
in 1864, but nobody wanted a church, and so it
was not sold. It stood on the southwest corner
of Temple and New High streets, where the
steps leading up to the court house now are. It
was the pioneer Protestant church of the city.

The year 1868, like that of 1862, was ushered
in by a great flood, which left a lasting impress
on the physical contour of the county. It formed
a new river, or rather an additional channel for
the San Gabriel river. Several thousand acres of
valuable land were washed away by the San Ga-
briel river cutting a new channel to the sea, from
three to five miles southeast of the old river.
The damage by loss of land was more than offset
by the increased facilities for irrigation afforded
by having two rivers instead of one. The flood
in the Los .Angeles river swept away the dam
of the water-works and cut off the city"s water
supply, leaving the inhabitants very much in
the condition of Coleridge's Ancient Mariner,
"Water, water everywhere, and not a drop to
drink." The disastrous years of 1863 and 1864
had stopped all growth and improvement in the
city. In 1868 the city began to take on a new
growth. The subdivision of some of the large
ranchos and their sale in small tracts brought in
home-seekers. In the city, old-timers who had
been holding on for years to town property took
the first opportunity to imload on the new-
comers; and lots that to-day are valued in the
hundred thousands each changed hands in 1868
with the thousands left off.

.\ mimber of new enterprises were inaugurateil
this year. \\'ork was begun on the Los Angeles
& San Pedro Railroad. The City Water Com-
]iany was organized and water pijied in iron pijies
to the houses. The first bank was organized
by Alvinza Hay ward and John G. Downey, capi-
tal $100,000. The new Ma.sonic Hall on Spring
street was dedicated September 29th. The city
was lighted with gas.

In 1869 immigration was coming by boatloads.
Real estate was advancing in value rapidly.
There was a great demand for houses and new

buildings were springing up all over the city.
The Los .\ngeles <& San Pedro Railroad was
completed October 26 and then the old stage
coaches that for nearly two decades had raced
and rattled over the road between city and port
were relegated to obscurity.

In February, 1870, the houses in the business
l)ortion of the city were numbered systematically
for the first time. The first city directory was
compiled this year, but was not published until
1871. There were no places where liquor was
retailed. The Federal census gave the popula-
tion of the city 5,614, which was an increase of
1,215 '" t^" years. The assessed value of prop-
erty in the city was $2,108,061.

The railroad bond issue was the live question
of 1872. The Southern Pacific Railroad Com-
pany had made an offer to build twenty-five
miles north and twenty-five east from Los An-
geles city of its trans-continental line that it was
building up the San Joaquin valley. The Texas
Pacific met this with an offer to build frotii San
Diego (the prospective terminus ol its trans-
continental line) a railroad up the coast to Los
Angeles, giving the county si.xty miles of rail-
road. The Southern Pacific countered this offer
by agreeing to build, in addition to the fifty
miles of its previous offer, a branch to Anaheim,
making in all seventy-seven miles. The recom-
pense for this liberality on the part of the roads
was that the people should vote bonds equal to
five per cent of the total taxable property of the
county. The bond question stirred up the peo-
ple as no previous issue had done since the Civil
war. The contest was a triangular one. South-
ern Pacific, Texas Pacific or no railroad. Each
company had its agents and advocates abroad
enlightening the people on the superior merits
of its individual offer, while "Taxpaxer" and
"Pro Bono Publico," through the newsi^apers,
bewailed the waste of the people's money and
bemoaned the increase of taxes. .\t the election.
November 5, the Southern Pacific won.

The city reached the high tide of its prosperity
tUiring the '70s in 1874. Building was active. It
was estimated that over $300,000 was expended
in the erection of business houses and fully that
amount in residences. The Spring and Sixth
street horse railroad, the fir.st street car line in
the city, was completed this year.

The year 1875 was one of disasters. The great
financial panic of 1873, ])resaged by that mone-
tary cyclone, "Black Friday in Wall street." had
no innnediate effect upon business in California.
The years 1873 and 1874 were among the most
prosperous in our hi.-tory. The panic reached
California in September, 1875, begimiing with
the suspension of the Bank of Cali'ornia in San
Francisco and the tragic death of its president,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

157

William C. Ralston. In a few days nearly every
bank in California closed its doors. The two in
Los Angeles — the Temple & Workman and
Hellman's — closed. The latter resumed busi-
ness in a few days. The former made an at-
tempt to stem the current of its financial diffi-
culties, failed, and went down forever, carrying
with it the fortune of many an unfortunate de-
positor. One of the bankers, William Work-
man, an old and highly respected pioneer, from
brooding over the failure, went insane and com-
mitted suicide. Temple died a few years later,
a poor man.

The hard times following the bank failures
were intensified by the drought of 1877, which
brought disaster to the sheep industry of South-
ern California. There was no business reaction
during the remainder of the decade. The Fed-
eral census of 1880 gave the city's population at
11,183, an increase of almost one hundred per
cent in ten years. The greater part of the gain
was made in the first half of the decade. Rail-
road connection with San Francisco and Sacra-
mento was made in September, 1876, but it
opened up no new market for Los Angeles.
Times continued hard and money close. The
adoption of the new constitution of the state in
1879 did not improve matters. The capitalists
were afraid of some of its radical innovations.

In 1881 times began to improve. The rail-
road had penetrated into the mining regions of
Arizona and opened up a market for the prod-
ucts of Southern California. Its completion next
year gave Los Angeles direct connection with
the east and brought in eastern investors. Dur-
ing 1883 and 1884 the city grew rapidly. In
JMay, 1883, the school lot on the northwest cor-
ner of Spring and Second streets was sold for
$31,000; two years before it was valued at
$12,000. The board of education purchased
from part of the proceeds of that sale the present
site of the Spring street school, near Si.xth street,
for $12,500. The school building was erected
in 1884, at a cost of about $40,000. In the spring
of 1886 the Atlantic & Pacific and its connecting
roads — the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and
Southern California — precipitated a rate war
with the Southern Pacific. Round-trip tickets
from Missouri river points to Los Angeles were
sold as low as $15. Thousands of eastern peo-
ple, taking advantage of the low rates, visited
Southern California.

The country was looking its loveliest. East-
ern people, shivering in the "bleak winds of
March" when they left their homes, in three or
four days were in a land where the plains and
hills were green with verdure, flowers bloom-
ing and the fragrance of orange bloom perfuming
the air. The result was that manv of the tourists

invested in land and lots and others went home
to sell their possessions and return to the prom-
ised and promising land. Real-estate values
went up rapidly in 1886, but in 1887 came that
event that marks the turning point in the city's
history — the Boom.

In the historical sketch of Los Angeles
county some of the extravagant as well as the
ludicrous features of the boom are portrayed.
Speculation in city property was mostly legiti-
mate, but values were inflated to the burstmg
point. After a lapse of fifteen years and a popu-
lation three times as great as that of 1887, very
little of the property that changed hands during
the boom, outside of that on three business
streets, could be sold to-day at the figures at
which it changed hands during the height of the
boom ; and many of the outlying lots in the east-
ern part of the city could not be disposed of for
the amount of the commission the real-estate
agent received for making the sale fifteen years
ago.

In 1889 work was begun on the cable railway
system. A line was extended on Broadway to
Seventh and west on Seventh to West Lake
Park. Another line extended from Seventh on
Grand avenue to Jefiferson street. From First
and Spring a line ran on East First to Boyle
Heights and from the same point another ran on
North Spring, Upper Main and Downey avenue
to East Los Angeles. A million and a half dol-
lars were expended in tracks, power houses and
machinery. All but the tracks were discarded a
few years later, when electricity was substituted
for steam and the trolley for the cable. The
Los Angeles electric railway system was begun
in 1892. The first line constructed was that on
West Second, Olive, First and other streets to
Westlake Park. The traction system was begun
in 1895.

In February, 1892, Messrs. Doheny and Con-
non, prospecting for petroleum, dug two wells
with pick and shovel on West State street, in the
resident portion of the city. .\t the depth of
150 feet oil was found. From this small begin-
ning a profitable industry has grown up. The oil
belt extends diagonally across the northwestern
part of the city. The total number of wells
drilled within the city limits up to June, 1900,
was 1,300, and the yield of these from the begin-
ning of the oil development was estimated at
7,000,000 barrels, worth in round numbers about
.$6,000,000.

In the spring of 1900 the oil industry took on
.some of the wild-cat characteristics of the great
real-estate boom. For a time it was no uncom-
mon feat to incorporate half a dozen oil com-
panies in a day. The capital of some of these ran
u]) into the millions. Oil stocks could be bought

158

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

all the way from one cent up; and later on, when
the excitement began to subside, in bunches
of five for a cent. Thousands of dollars were
invested in oil slock, not wild-cat, from which
there will be no return. Many an investor to-day
has a nicely lithographed certificate of oil stock
that has cost hininiore than would an oil paint-
ing bv one of the <ild masters. At several elec-

tions called at dififerent times between 1896 and
1899 the city area was increased by annexations
on the southw'est and northeast from twenty-
seven to thirty-seven square miles. The popu-
lation of the city, according to the census of
1900, was 102,298. The assessed value of city
property was $67,576,047.

CHAPTER XXVlll.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY.

ORIGIN OF THE N.\ME.

WHEN Cabrillo explored the Santa Bar-
bara channel in 1542 he named only a
few of the prominent points of the
main land and the islands that mark the chan-
nel; but few of the names he gave have been
retained.

Sixty years later Sebastian Viscaino's ships
sailed through the channel. Padre de La As-
cension, one of the three Carmelite friars ac-
companying the expedition, December 4, 1602,
writing a letter descriptive of the mainland
and the islands of the channel, headed it Santa
Barbara, in honor of Santa Barbara, virgin and
martyr, whose day in the Catholic calendar is
December 4.

Santa Barbara was born in Nicomedia, Asia
Minor, and suffered martyrdom, December 4,
A. D. 218, during the persecution of the Chris-
tians under the Emperor Maximum. She is said
to have been decapitated by her father, a Roman
officer serving under the Emperor. One hun-
dred and sixty-seven years after Viscaino's ex-
plorations. Portala's expedition passed up the
coast and through the valley where the city of
Santa Barbara now stands. Through all these
years the channel still retained the name given
it by Padre de La .Ascension, although so far as
we know no ship's keel had cut its waters since
\'iscaino's time.

When the presidio was founded. April 21,
1782, the name of the fort, and of the mission
that was to be, had already been determined. To
Padre de La .Xscension belongs the honor of
naming the channel from which caiue the name
of the presidio, the mission and the pueblo that
grew up around these. When the county was
formed naturally it took the name so long
borne by the i)ucblo and the district over which
it exercised jurisdiction.

0Rr,.\NIZ.\TI0N OK Till-: COUNTY.

Santa Barbara is one of the original twenty-
seven counties into which the state, or rather

the territory, of California (for it had not yet
been admitted as a state of the Union) was di-
vided by an act of the legislature. Approved
February 18, 1850.

Section 4 of that act created the county of
Santa Barbara. The boundaries as given in the
act are as follows: "Beginning on the sea coast
at the mouth of the creek called Santa Maria,
and running up the middle of said creek to its
source; thence due northeast to the summit of
the Coast Range, the farm of Santa Maria fall-
ing within Santa Barbara county; thence fol-
lowing the summit of the Coast Range to the
northwest corner of Los Angeles county; thence
along the northwest boundary of said county
to the ocean and three English miles therein;
and thence in a northerly direction parallel with
the coast to a point due west of the mouth of
Santa Maria creek; thencedue east to the mouth
of said creek, which was the place of beginning;
including the islands of Santa Barbara, San
Nicolas, San Miguel. Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz
and others in the same vicinity. The seat of
justice shall be at Santa Barbara." By an act
of the legislature of 1851-52 the boundaries of
the county were more clearly defined and some
slight changes made in the lines.

The legislature passed acts creating county
organizations and providing for the election of
county officers. The old system of numicipal
government that had been in force under Span-
ish and Mexican rule and under the .\iuerican
rule from the time of the conquest w.as swept out
of existence. In place of ayuntamientos and
courts of first, second and third instance, and of
offices of alcaldes, prefects, sub-prefects, regi-
dores and sindicos were substituted district
courts, courts of sessions, county courts, justices
of the peace, common councils, mayors, sheriffs,
district attorneys, treasurers, assessors, record-
ers, surveyors, coroners and constables. To the
natives who had been reared under the simple
forms of early years the .American system of
government was complicated and confusing. .An
election for countv officers was ordered held

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

throughout the state on the first JMonday o'i
April, 1850; and the machinery of county gov-
ernment was put into operation as speedily as
possible. The transition from the old form to
the new took place in Santa Barbara in Au-
gust.

Henry A. Tefft was appointed judge of the
second judicial district, which consisted of the
counties of Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo.
John ]\L Huddars acted as clerk of the court.
.\t the April election Pablo de la Guerra, who
had represented the Santa Barbara district in
the constitutional convention, was chosen state
senator and J. j\L Covarrubias and Henry S.
Carnes the first assemblymen.

Joaquin Carriflo was the first county judge
and by virtue of his office presiding justice of
the court of sessions. This court consisted of the
county judge and two justices of the peace, who
acted as associate justices. Besides its judicial
duties it also fulfilled the functions of county
government now performed by boards of super-
visors. The first meeting of the court of ses-
sions was held October 21. 1850, and its first
recorded act was the ordering of a county seal.
The design of the seal is described as follows:
"Around the margin the words, county court of
Santa Barbara county, with the following device
in the center: A female figure holding in her
right hand a balance and in her left a rod of
justice; above, a figure of a rising sun; below,
CAL. The associate justices at the first meet-
ing of the court of sessions were Samuel Barney
and William A. Streeter.

Jose A. Rodriguez, the first sheriff of the
county, was killed in the fall of 1850 on the
present site of the oil wells of Summerland
while leading a party in pursuit of the murderers
of the Reed family at San Miguel Mission. Ro-
driguez was recklessly brave. The murderers
had been surrounded. The members of the
sherifif's posse hesitated to close in on them.
Rodriguez, to inspire his men with courage,
rushed in upon the murderers and, seizing one
of them, pulled him from his horse. In the
scuffle the fellow shot and killed the sheriff. One
of the desperadoes, endeavoring to escape, swam
out to sea and was drowned. Three of them,
Lynch, Raymond and Quin, were captured,
taken to Santa Barbara and shot.

The first assessment of property was made
by Lewis T. Burton, county assessor. The total
value of all property in the county, real and
personal, was placed at $992,676. Cattle were
assessed at $8 per head, sheep at $3 per head
and land at twenty-five cents per acre. The
assessment list of Don Jose de la Guerra y No-
riega is a good illustration of how the lands
of the county had been monopolized by a

few men. Noriega owned the Cone jo ran-
cho, which contained 53.880 acres; the Simi,
containing loS.ooo acres ; Las Pasas, containing
26,640 acres ; San Julian, 20,000 ; the Salsipu-
edes, 35,200 acres; a total of 243,120 acres; the
assessed value of which was about $60,000.

It took the new officers some time to become
acquainted with the duties of the several offices.
There was a disposition to mix American and
]Mexican law. In the county as in the city gov-
ernment there were frequent resignations, and
the officers changed from one official position
to another. County officers held city offices and
vice versa, sometimes by appointment and
sometimes by election. Joaquin Carrillo. in
1852, was county judge and mayor of Santa
Barbara city at the same time. J. W. Burroughs
breaks the record as champion officeholder. He
was elected sheriff in 1857; appointed recorder
September 3, 185 1 ; justice of the peace Septem-
ber 16, 1857; acted as county clerk January 23,
1852, and was appointed treasurer April 14,
1852. January 29, 1851, he had been elected
a member of the common council. He held six
distinct offices within a little more than a year.

The frequent recurrence of the same family
name in the lists of city and county officials
might give rise to the charge of nepotism or a
family political ring. The de la Guerras and the
Carrillos were ruling families in Santa Barbara
before the conquest and they continued to be
for some time after. The first mayor of the city
was a de la Guerra (Francisco). The first state
senator was also a de la Guerra (Pablo). Don
Pablo, although a bitter opponent to the Amer-
icans during the war, after the conquest be-
came thoroughly Americanized. He held many
offices. He was a member of the constitutional
convention, state senator, acting lieutenant-gov-
ernor, mayor of Santa Barbara, councilman, su-
pervisor and district judge. At a meeting of
the court of sessions December 6, 1852, the
judges of the court were Joaquin Carrillo, coun-
ty judge: Pedro Carrillo and Jose Carrillo, asso-
ciate justices.

In earlv davs politics had very little to do
with the selection of county officers. Fitness
and family (particularly family) were the chief
oualifications. It was urged against Don Pablo
de la Guerra when he was a candidate for dis-
trict judge that in a great many cases which
would come before him if elected he would be
barred from sitting as judge because about half
of the population of Santa Barbara county was
related to him bv blood or marriage. In 1852
District Judge Henry A. Tefft was drowned at
Port San Luis while attempting to land from
the steamer to hold court at San Ltiis Obispo.
Joaquin Carrillo was elected district judge U>

160

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

fill the vacancy. He held office by appointment
and election fourteen years. He did not under-
stand English and all the business of the court
was conducted in the Spanish language. Although
not a lawyer his decisions were seldom over-
ruled by the higher courts. Charles Fernakl was
appointed county judge to fill the vacancy
caused by the promotion of Joaquin Carrillo.
The first county building, a jail, was completed
December i. 1853. In 1853 the county was di-
vided into three townships of about equal area.
Township No. i, elections held at San Buenaven-
tura; No. 2 at Santa Barbara, and No. 3 at
Santa Ynez. By act of the legislature of 1852-3
a board of supervisors was created for each
county. This relieved the court of sessions of
the legislative part of its duties. The first board
of supervisors of Santa Barbara consisted of
Pablo de la Guerra, Fernando Pico and Ramon
Malo.

Up to 1856 Santa Barbara was solidly Demo-
cratic in politics. The Whig party seems not
to have gained a foothold. In local politics, fam-
ily, as I have said before, was one of the chief
requisites. So one-sided was the county politi-
cally that at the state election of 1855 the super-
visors in canvassing the vote recorded only the
Democratic. Tlie opposition vote seems not to
have risen to the dignity of scattering.

November 27, 1855, the supervisorspurchased
the house of John Kays for a court house, pay-
ing for it and the grounds $6,000. The county
was now equipped with a court house and jail.
The prisoners, who were mostly Indians, were
not doomed to solitary confinement. Tlie jail
was not capacious enough to hold them. They
were given employment outside. We find among
the proceedings of the board of supervisors in
1856 an order to the sheriff to sell the adobes
made by the prisoners at the county jail at not
less than $2. 50 per hundred.

CRIME AND CRIMINALS.

During the early '50s the coast counties were
the scenes of many deeds of violence. The
.Argonauts who came to the state by the south-
ern routes and the Sonorian migration traveled
the coast road on their way to the mines. The
cattle buyers coming south to the cow coun-
ties to buy stock came by this route. The long
stretches of unsettled country in Santa Bar-
bara and San Luis Obispo counties gave the
banditti who infested the trail an opportunity
to rob and nnirdcr with but little fear of detec-
tion.

The Scjjomon Pico l^and of outlaws was the
first organized gang that terrorized the coast
counties. Their victims were mostly cattle buy-
ers. This gang was finally hunted down and

most of them died "with their boots on." Sonic
of the remnants of this gang that escaped jus-
tice and others of the same kind were gathered
up by Jack Powers, who became the recognized
leader of a band of robbers and desperadoes.
Powers came to the coast as a member of Ste-
venson's regiment. After his discharge from
.-ervice he turned gambler and robber. .\1-
thougli it was known that he was implicated
in a numl)cr of robberies and several mur-
ders, he escaped punishment. He was arrested
in 1856 when the vigilance committee was dis-
posing of his kind. Although he was released
he felt safer to be beyond the jurisdiction of the
committee. He went to Sonora, Mexico, where
he stocked a ranch with stolen cattle. In a quar-
rel with one of his men he was shot and killed.
His body when found was half eaten by hogs.

Fear of the vigilance committee drove out
of San Francisco in 1856 a number of undesir-
able citizens. Among those who fled from the
city was Ned McGowan, a notorious and dis-
reputable politician, who, with several others of
liis kind, had been indicted by the grand jury of
San P^rancisco county as accessory before the
fact of the murder of James King of William.
JMcGowan made his escape to Santa Barbara,
where he was assisted and befriended by Jack
Powers and some others whose sympathies
were with the criminal element. The vigilantes
chartered a vessel and sent thirty of their men,
under the command of one of their captains, to
capture him. McGowan's Santa Barbara friends,
some of whom were wealthy and influential,
kept him concealed until the vigilantes left.
After the disbanding of the vigilance commit-
tee McGowan's friends in the legislature se-
cured the passage of a bill giving him a change
of venue from San Francisco to Napa county.
He was tried and acquitted mainly on the evi-
dence of one of the twenty-two doctors who at-
tended King after he was shot. This physicia'n
testified that King was killed by the doctors
and not by Casey.

Local vigilance committees, between 1855
and i860, in Los Angeles, San Luis Obispo,
Monterey and Santa Cruz to a considerable ex-
tent purified the moral atmosphere of these
coast counties; but Santa Barbara, judging from
a grand jury report made to the court of ses-
sions in 1859, seems to have been immune from
outbreaks of vigilantes. Says this report:
"Thieves and villains of every grade have been
from time to time upheld, respected, fostered
and pampered by our influential citizens, and, if
need be, aided and assisted in escaping from
merited i)unishnient due their crimes. * * *
OfTenses. thefts and villainies in defiance of the
law. (if every grade and character, from the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

161

horse and cattle thief to the highway robber
and midnight assassin, have dwelt, to our
knowledge, for the last five years in our very
midst."

For a decade and a half after the discovery
of gold in California the owners of the great
ranches of Santa Barbara continued, as they
had been in the past, the feudal lords of the land.
Their herds were more profitable than gold
mines and their army of retainers gave them
unlimited political power, which they did not
always use wisely or well.

The high price of cattle, the abundant rain-
fall of the years 1860-61-62 and the consequent
luxuriant growth of grass led to an overstock-
ing of the cattle ranges. When the terrible dry
years of 1863 and 1864 came, the stockmen
were in no condition to carry their numerous
herds through the drought. "The county assess-
ment roll of 1863 showed over 200,000 head
of cattle in Santa Barbara county. This prob-
ably was 100,000 less than the true number.
When grass started in the winter of 1864-65 less
than 5,000 head were alive. The great herds
were gone, and the shepherd kings were kings
no more, for their ranchos were mortgaged be-
yond redemption, and in the next five years
passed entirely out of their hands."*

Tlie downfall of these feudal lords was, in-
deed, pathetic. For nearly a century their an-
cestors and they themselves had ruled the land.
The transition of the country from the domina-
tion of Spain to that of Mexico had not afifected
their rule. The conquering Saxon had come,
but his advent had only increased their wealth
without lessening their power; at least such was
the case in the coast counties. The famine
years and their own improvidence had at last
undone them. In the days of their affluence
they had spent lavishly. If money was needed,
it was easy to negotiate a loan on their broad
acres. Rates of interest in early times were
usurious, ruinous. Five, ten and even fifteen per
cent a month were no uncommon rates. Present
needs were pressing and pay day was manaiia
(tomorrow). The mortgage, with its cancerous
interest, was made and the money spent. So
when the "famine years" swept away the herds
and flocks there was nothing to sell or mort-
gage to pay interest and the end came quickly.
It was with the stoicism of fatalists that the great
ranch owner viewed their ruin. They had be-
sought the intercession of their patron saints
for the needed rain. Their prayers had been
luianswered. It was the will of God, whv com-

•s Hisl.

of Sant;i P.arl>aia.

plain? Thus do Faith and Fatalism often meet
on a common plane.

During the next four or five years several
uf the great ranchos were subdivided, or segre-
gated portions cut up into small tracts. When
immigration began to drift into the coast coun-
ties in the early '70s many of these small tracts
in Santa Barbara were bought by eastern immi-
grants and the transition from cattle-raising to
grain-growing and fruit culture wrought a great
change not only in the character of the prod-
ucts, but in the character of the population as
well.

The write-up of the climate and agricultural
possibilities of the coast counties by NordhofT
and others, the judicious advertising of the re-
sources of the county by J. A. Johnson, editor
of the Santa Barbara Press (a paper established
in 1868), increased steamer communication, and
the prospects of a railroad down the coast, all
combined, attracted settlers from Northern Cali-
fornia and the eastern states. The price of land
advanced and in 1874 the city and the county
experienced their first boom. The dry year of
1876-77 checked the rising wave of prosperity,
and disastrously afifected the sheep industry,
which since the "famine years" had to a consid-
erable extent taken the place of cattle-raising.
Business revived in the early '80s, and the
county made good progress. The completion
to Santa Barbara in 1887 of the southern end of
the Southern Pacific Coast Railroad, and the
prospect of an early closing of the gap between
the northern and southern ends of that road
gave the city and county their second boom.
Real estate values went up like a rocket. In
1886 the count V assessment roll footed up
$8,585,485; in 1887 it went up to $15,035,982,
an increase of seventy-five per cent in one year.
When railroad building ceased the reaction
came. Land values dropped, but the county
continued to grow, notwithstanding the long
and discouraging delay of fourteen years in clos-
ing the gap in direct railroad communication
between San Francisco and Santa Barbara.
March 31, 1901, the first through trains from
the north and the south passed over the com-
pleted coast line of the Southern Pacific Rail-
road. The event was not heralded by any great
demonstration, nor was it followed by a land
boom, as in 1887, yet there can be no doubt but
that it marks the beginning of a new era in the
growth and development of the city and county
of Santa Barbara.

LOMPOC.

In August. 1874. the Lompoc Valley Com-
jianv, an incorporation, bought the ranchos
Lompoc and Mission Vieja de La Purisima.

162

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

containing a total of 45,644.49 acres. A consid-
erable portion of these lands was divided into
5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 acre tracts. One square
mile about the center of the Lompoc valley and
nine miles from the coast was reserved for a
town site. The sale of the lands began No-
vember 9, 1874. It had been widely advertised
and attracted a large crowd. The capital stock
of the company was divided into 100 shares oi
$5,000 each. While the sale was in progress
shares rose to a premium of $1,000. During
the sale about $700,000 worth of land and lots
were disposed of. The average price of the
farm land was $60 per acre. Some of the corner
lots in the town site sold as high as $1,200.

Lompoc was founded as a temperance colony,
and like all such colonies has had its battles
with the liquor traffic. The first engagement
was with a druggist, who was carrying on an
illicit traffic in forbidden liquids. His place was
invaded by a number of citizens and a Mrs.
Pierce plied an ax on a 40-gallon cask of whis-
key and flooded the store with the fiery liquid.
The druggist drew a pistol and threatened to
shoot the destroyers of his intoxicants, but, con-
fronted by two hundred crusaders, he concluded
that discretion was the better part of valor and
put up his gun. Another engagement, which
scored a "knock-out" for the opponents of the
liquor traffic, took place on the evening of May
20, 1 88 1. A bomb was thrown into the saloon
of George Walker. Nobody was hurt, but the
saloon and its contents were completely de-
molished. The Lompoc Record, commenting
on the ''earthquake" (as the people facetiously
called it), said: "Any one looking for a location
for a saloon had better not select a community
founded on temperance principles where the
land is sold on express conditions that no liquor
shall be made or sold thereon, where public sen-
timent is so nearly unanimous against saloons
and where "earthquakes' are so prevalent and
destructive." The seismic disturbances that
shook up saloons in the early days of the colony
have ceased. The crusaders have buried their lit-
tle hatchets, but not in the heads of whiskey
barrels. The report of the Santa Barbara Cham-
ber of Commerce for 1901 says of Lompoc:
"The liquor traffic is confined by license of $73
per month each to two saloons."

Lompoc is an incorporated city of the sixth
class. It has a grammar school building, cost-
ing $15,000; a union high school that, with its
furnishings, cost $12,000; the Methodi.st North,
Methodist South. Baptist, Christian, Presby-
terian. Roman Catholic and Episcopal have each
its own church l)uilding. A bank, mercantile
houses, hotels, restaurants, blacksmith shops,
creamery, livery stable, warehouses, fruit pack-

ing houses, etc., make up the business establish-
ments of the town. Two weekly newspapers are
published in the town, the Record and the Jour-
nal. The Lompoc Record was established April
10, 1875, and is one of the oldest newspapers in
the county.

GUADALUPE.

ibis town is ninety-five miles northwesterly
from Santa Barbara on the Southern Pacific
Railroad. In 1872 John Dunbar opened a store
at this point and was appointed postmaster
wlien the post-office was established here. This
was the beginning of the town. In 1874 it had
grown to be a village of 100 houses. In 1875 a
newspaper, the Guadalupe Telegraph, was es-
tablished. It has now a bank, a. hotel and sev-
eral mercantile establishments. A spur of the
Southern Pacific Railroad runs to the Union
Sugar Factory at Batteravia.

BATTERAVIA.

The Union Sugar Factory at Batteravia was
built in 1898 at a cost of $1,000,000. It em-
ploys during the sugar-making season 500 men
and works up 500 tons per day. The lime used
in the manufacture of sugar from beets is
burned and prepared for use at the factory. Last
season the factory used 8,000 tons of lime. The
company has a store, shops and boarding-
houses at Batteravia.

SANTA MARIA.

Santa Maria, situated near the center of the
Santa Maria valley on the Pacific Coast Rail-
road, was founded in 1876. It is the business
center of a rich agricultural district. A branch
line of railroad, five miles long, extends to the
sugar factory on Guadalupe Lake. The town
has a grammar school employing five teachers
and a union high school. It has a bank, three
large mercantile establishments and several
smaller ones. The community supports two
weekly newspapers, the Santa Maria Times,
founded in 1872, and the Graphic.

Lo.s Oliv.\.s. founded in 1880, is the present
terminus of the Pacific Coast Railroad and is a
shipping point of considerable importance.

Lo.s At. AMOS, founded in 1878, situated on
the Pacific Coast Railway, midway between
Santa Ynez and Santa Maria, has a population
of about 300. It is the commercial outlet of an
agricultural district of about 150,000 acres, most
of which is grazing land.

SANTA YNEZ.

The village of Santa Ynez is situated in the
midst of the Rancho Canada de Los Finos or

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

] 03

College ranch. The College ranch or grant was
given to the padres in 1843 to found a college,
hence the name. The town of Santa Ynez has
an excellent hotel, a grammar school, a high
school, stores, shops, etc.; also a weekly news-
paper, Tlic Santa Vncc Argus. It is surrounded
by a large area of farming and grazing lands.

GoLETA is a small village eight miles to the
northwest of Santa Barbara. The country
around to a considerable extent is devoted to
walnut-growing and olive culture.

El Montecito (the Little Forest) is prop-
erly a suburb of Santa Barbara. It is about
four miles eastward of the city. The valley is
nearly oval, and opens to the southwest on the
sea. It contains an area of about nine square
miles. It is divided into small tracts, and is
a favorite place for the suburban residences of
persons doing business in the city. The Santa
Barbara Country Club's grounds are here. The
cottages are built on a level bluff above the
ocean. The club has its golf links, tennis courts,
bath house, wharf for boating and other acces-
sories tor pleasure and amusement.

SuiMMERLAND, six miles below Santa Bar-
bara, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, is the
principal petroleum district of Santa Barbara
county. Oil was struck here in 1893. The oil
belt is about a quarter of a mile wide and a mile
long. Most of the wells are sunk in the ocean
beyond low-water mark. Wharves are run out
and the wells bored beside the wharves. Some
of these wharves are 1.500 feet long. The
output of the oil wells, of which there are about
300, is about 15,000 barrels a month. A railroad
station, post-office, several business places,
boarding houses and residences of oil operators
constitute the village of Summerland.

Carpinteria valley is about fifteen miles
due east from Santa Barbara. It is sheltered
by mountains on three sides and opens to the
sea. Its area is about ten square miles, and its
width between the mountains and the ocean
varies from one to three miles. It is one of the
oldest settled valleys in the county. It bears
the name given it by the soldiers of Portola's
expedition in 1769. They found the Indians
here manufacturing canoes, and they named the
place Carpinteria (carpenter shop). The village
is located near the center of the valley on the
Southern Pacific Railroad.

THE CHANNEL ISLANDS.

Three of the Channel islands are included in
the area of Santa Barbara county, namely San
Miguel, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz. These
islands are mainly devoted to sheep and cattle-
raising.

San Miguel, the most westerly of the group,

is seven and one-half miles long, with an average
width of two and one-half miles. The principal
landing place is Cuyler's Harbor. At this land-
ing Cahrillo, the discoverer of California, is
buried. The island is now owned by the San
Miguel Island Company.

Santa Rosa Island is nine and three-fourths
miles long, with an average width of seven and
one-half miles, and contains 53,000 acres. It
was granted by the Mexican government to Don
Carlos Carrillo after his failure to secure the
governorship of California in 1837. He gave it
in 1842, as a marriage portion, to his two
daughters, who were married on the same day,
one to J. C. Jones, United States consul to the
Sandwich Islands, and the other to Capt. A. B.
Thompson. It now belongs to the heirs of A.
P. More.

Santa Cruz Island is twenty-two and one-
half miles long by five and one-half wide, and
contains 52,760 acres. It lies almost opposite
the city of Santa Barbara and twenty-five miles
distant. The surface is uneven, the hills at one
point rising to the height of 1,700 feet. The
Mexican government at one time attempted to
utilize the island for a penal colony. About a
dozen convicts were landed on the island with
live stock and provisions, with the expectation
that they would become self-supporting. They
remained on the island long enough to eat up
the provisions and the live stock. Then they
constructed a raft, crossed the channel to Santa
Barbara and quartered themselves on the ■Mis-
sion fathers. They served out their sentences
in irons. The island once had a large Indian
population. It is a favorite hunting ground for
Indian relic hunters. It is now owned by the
Santa Cruz Island Company.

PUBLIC schools.

The first public school opened in Santa Bar-
bara was taught by a young sailor named Jose
Manuel Toca. He taught from October, 1795,
to June, 1797. Jose Medina, another sailor of
the Spanish navy, succeeded him and trained
the young ideas until December, 1798. Manuel
de \'argas, a retired sergeant of the army, who,
in 1794 taught at San Jose the pioneer public
school of California, was teaching at Santa Bar-
bara in 1799. How long he continued to wave
the pedagogical birch, or, rather, ply the cat-
o'nine-tails, which was the schoolmaster's in-
strument of punishment then, is not known.
With the departure of Governor Borica, the
schools of California took a vacation. During
the closing years of Spanish rule, it seems to
have been mostly vacation in them.

The first school under Mexican rule in Santa
Barbara that we have any report of was in 1829,

Ifil

TtTSTOKK AL AND ):iui,RArUlL Al

when a primary school of sixty-seven pupils
was conducted at the presidio. Governor
Echeandia was a friend to education, and made
a vigorous effort to establish public schools.
But "unable," says Bancroft, "to contend
against the enmity of the friars, the indifference
of the people and the poverty of the treasury,
he accomplished no more than his predecessors.
Reluctantly he abandoned the contest, and the
cause of education declined." And it might be
added, the cause of education continued in a
state of decline during the remaining years of
I\Iexican rule. The curriculum of the Spanish
and Mexican schools was like the annals of the
poor — "short and simple." To paraphrase Pete
Jones' alliterative formula, it consisted of "lick-
in' and no larnin'." The principal numbers in
the course were the doctrina Cristiana and Fray
Ripalda's Catechism. These were learned by
rote before the pupil was taught to read. If
there was any time left him after he had commit-
ted to memory these essentials to his future
spiritual welfare, he was given a little instruc-
tion in reading, writing and numbers for his
earthly advantage.

The invalid soldiers, the schoolmasters of
early days, were brutal tyrants, who ruled with-
out justice and punished without mercy. Gov-
ernor Micheltorena attempted to establish a
public school system in the territory; but his
scheme failed from the same causes which had
neutralized the efforts of his predecessors. Un-
der his administration in 1844, a primary school
was opened in Santa Barbara, but was closed
after a few months for want of funds. Pio Pico,
the last governor under Mexican rule, under-
took to establish public schools, but his efforts
were fruitless. The old obstacles, an empty
treasury, incompetent teachers and indifferent
parents, confronted him and put an end to his
educational schemes.

During the first two or three years of Ameri-
can rule in Santa Barbara, but little attention
was paid to education. The old indifference re-
mained. The discovery of gold had not greatly
increased the population nor wrought any
change in social conditions.

When the common council in April, 1850,
took control of the municipal business of the
newly created city, it inherited from the ayun-
tamiento a school taught by a Spanish school-
master, Victor Vega. The school was in part
supported by public funds. Tlie council sent
a certain number of poor pupils, i. e., pupils who
were unable to pay tuition, for whom they paid
a certain stipulated sum. March 26, 1851, "the
committee appointed to examine the school,
reported, and the president was ordered to pay
the schoolmaster, Victor Vega, $64.50, and to

draw $64 for every month." This is the first
recorded school report of the city.

Evidently there was considerable truancy.
At the meeting of the council, November 8,
185 1, Jose M. Covarubias was appointed a com-
mittee to examine the school once a month and
to report precisely the number and names of
pupils who absent themselves and the time of
their absence. Any pupil absent over a day lost
his seat.

In November, 1852, three school commission-
ers were elected in each of the three townships
of Santa Barbara county. Each township was
a school district. After their election the con-
trol of the schools in Santa Barbara passed from
the council to the schools commissioners of the
district. In 1854 a tax of five cents on the $100
was levied for the support of the public schools.
Previous to this the school revenues had been
derived from liquor licenses, fines, etc.

At the election in 1854 Joaquin Carrillo, dis-
trict judge, was elected county school superin-
tendent. He did not qualify, and A. F. Hinch-
man was appointed to fill the vacancy. The
Gazette of December 20, 1855, says: "According
to the school census there are 453 white children
between the ages of four and eighteen years in
Santa Barbara district, which is sixty miles long
and forty wide. There is one school in it, in
charge of a schoolmaster."

December 24, 1855, George D. Fisher, county
school superintendent, reported a school taught
in the first district (San Buenaventura) by John
Rapelli, and one in the second (Santa Barbara),
taught by Pablo Caracela. Both of these
schools were taught in the Spanish language.
.American residents had no place to send their
children except to a school kept by George
Campbell at the Mission Santa Inez (third dis-
trict), a distance of fifty miles from the bulk of
the people.

February 4, 1856, two teachers were employed
in the Santa Barbara city schools, Owen Con-
nolly teaching the English school in "the house
adjoining the billiard saloon," and Victor Mon-
dran teaching the Spanish school in "the house
of the late Pedro Diablar."

In 1857 it was decided "that instruction in the
iniblic schools shall be in the English language."
The native Californians had opposed this, but
the aggressive Anglo-Saxon won. It was the
ringing out of the old, the ringing in of the
new.

The schools had now passed the experimental
stages, and had become an institution of the
land. .Although no school district in the county
owned a school house, yet public education had
been systemized. Teachers were required to
pass an examination in the subjects taught in

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ir,5

the schools, and their compensation was no
longer subject to whims of the parents.

Although public schools had been established
and somewhat systemized, the people were slow
to avail themselves of the educational facilities
offered. In 1867, fifteen years after the public
school system of California had been inaugu-
rated, there were but three school districts and
five teachers in Santa Barbara, which then in-
cluded all of what is now Ventura county. Of
the 1,332 census children, only 305, or 23 per
cent of the whole, attended any school, public
or private, during the year.

The next decade showed a great change in

educational conditions. Ventura county had
been cut off from the parent county in 1873, but
taking the territory as it stood in 1867. there
were in it in 1877, ^^ districts and 53 teachers.
Of the 4,030 census children, 2,782 had been
enrolled in the schools.

In i8yo there were 4,429 census children in
Santa Barbara county, 3,439 of whom attended
school. In 1900 there were 5,617 census chil-
dren and 66 districts.

Santa Barbara, Lompoc, Santa Maria and
Santa Ynez each have a high school. Santa Bar-
bara recently voted $60,000 bonds to build a
new high school building.

CHAPTER XXIX.

THE CITY OF SANTA BARBARA.

SANTA BARBARA was incorporated as
a city by an act of the legislature
approved April 9, 1850. The early mu-
nicipal records were kept very carelessly. There
is no record in the archives of the first city
election. The first record of any official action
taken for the organization of a city is the min-
utes of the meeting of the common council
held August 26, 1850. A mayor and members
of the council had been elected at some previous
date, and the councilmen-elect met to organize.
The minutes of their proceedings were kept on
sheets of foolscap stitched together. Either
record books could not be obtained then in
Santa Barbara, or the members of the council did
not consider their acts of municipal legislation
worth preserving in any better form. The
minutes of the first meeting are as follows: "In
the city of Santa Barbara, on the 26th day of
August, 1850, the persons elected to the com-
mon council assembled and proceeded to elect
a president. Lewis T. Burton having received
a majority of the votes, was declared elected.
Luis Carrillo was then elected clerk.

Luis Carrillo (Rubica),

Tenio" (Clerk).

From the subsequent minutes we learn that
Francisco de la Guerra was the first mayor, and
"the persons elected to the common council"
were Isaac J. Sparks, Anastasio Carrillo, Luis
Carrillo, Lewis T. Burton and Antonio Rod-
riguez. Having elected a president and clerk,
or secretary, the council took a vacation for
nearly three months. Evidently municipal busi-
ness was not pressing. The record of the next
meeting reads: "November 21, 1850. At the

house Anastasio Carrillo, Common Council of
Santa Barbara. Present, Isaac J. Sparks, Anas-
tasio Carrillo and Luis Carrillo. Lewis T. Bur-
ton and Antonio Rodriguez sent in their resig-
nations as members of the council, which were
accepted. Isaac J. Sparks was elected president
of the council. An election was ordered to be
held on the second day of December next for
two members of the council, a treasurer and a
marslial; the election to be held in one of the
corridors of the house of Lewis T. Burton.
Nicolas A. Den was appointed inspector.
Augustus F. Hinchman was chosen clerk of the
common council.

(Signed) Luis Carrillo, Secretario."

At the special city election, held December 2,
1850, Samuel Barney and Edward S. Hoar were
elected councilmen; Carlos Antonio Carrillo,
treasurer, and Juan Ayala, marshal. At the
next meeting of the council, a committee, con-
sisting of Isaac J. Sparks, Antonio Maria de La
Guerra and Nicolas Den was appointed to re-
ceive proposals for a survey of the city and
report thereon to the council within six weeks.
At the meeting of December 14, 1850, a demand
was made on the members of the late ayunta-
miento for all papers and documents belonging
to the old pueblo of Santa Barbara and an ac-
counting for all funds in their hands on April 9,
1850, the date of the city's incorporation.

.'\t the meeting of January 8, 185 1, the com-
mittee appointed at a previous meeting to ascer-
tain what had become of the papers, documents
and moneys in the hands of the officers of the
late ayuntamiento reported that the moneys
were in the hands of the late prefect, Joaquin

Ififl

ISTOKKAL AND rUCGRArillCAL RECORD,

C'arrillo. From subsequent minutes it seems
tliey remained there. What became of the
papers and documents of the ayuntamiento the
records of the council do not show.

A contract was made by the council, January
29, 185 1, with Salisbury Haley, "To make a
complete survey of all that part of the city
bounded on the southeast by the shore of the
sea; on the northwest by a straight line running-
parallel to the general direction of said shore
boundary directly through the southwest corner
of the Mission Garden and from hill to hill on
cither side; on the southwest by a line running
along the foot of the mesa; and on the northeast
by a line beginning at the Salinitas and follow-
ing the city boundary to the foot of the hills, then
to the said northwest line; to divide said tract
into squares of 150 yards by streets which shall
be sixty feet wide, except two streets to be
designated by the councfl, which shall be eighty
feet wide; to make an accurate map of said
city." For making the survey and map, Haley
was to receive $2,000, to be paid in installments
of $500 each. April 5, 1851, Haley presented
to the council a map of his survey of the city
and a demand for the first installment of $500
on the contract.

October 23, 1852, Vitus Wrackenrueder was
given a contract to survey the central part of
the city and make a new map. His survey is
now regarded as the official survey of the city.
These surveys in some places ran streets
through the houses and in others left the resi-
dences without street frontage. It was many
years before all the streets were opened through
the central or thickly inhabited portion of the
city. Those whose land was taken for streets,
were given equivalent tracts in the squares be-
longing to the city.

At the municipal election held in May, 185 1.
Joaquin Carrillo was elected mayor; he was
also county judge. Raymundo Carrillo was
chosen treasurer; Thomas Warner, marshal
and assessor; Esteban Ortega, John Kays,
Antonio Arellanas, Jose Lorenzano and R. W.
Wallace, members of the council. Although
the flag of the United States had been waving
in California for four years and the constitution
had arrived more recently to keep it company,
yet the people of Santa Barbara had not become
accustomed to the new order of things. At the
meeting of the council, ]\Iay 26, 1851, Samuel
P>arry, Esq., sent a communication to the coun-
cil informing that body that he had been ap-
pointed United States revenue officer at the
port of Santa Barbara. Whereupon the council
by resolution agreed to grant him official recog-
nition as an officer of the United States. Had
the council considered him a f^crsona uon grata

and refused him recognition, it is hard to say
N\hat the consequence might have been — to
Santa Barbara.

The early ordinances of the common council
give us glimpses of conditions existing then
that have long since become obsolete. The
Indian question, fifty years ago, was one that
worried the municipal officers of Santa Barbara.
as it did those of all other cities and towns of
Southern California. The ex-neophyte of the
missions was a pariah. He was despised and
abused by the whites. His one ambition was
to get drunk, and there were always high caste
whites, or those who considered themselves
such, ready and willing to gratify poor Lo's
ambition. To imprison an Indian and give him
regular rations was no punishment. He enjoyed
such punishment. In Los Angeles, Indian con-
victs were auctioned ofT every Monday morning
to the highest bidder for the term of their sen-
tence. In Santa Barbara, an ordinance passed
June 4, 185 1, reads: "When Indians for viola-
tions of city ordinances are committed to
prison, the recorder shall hire them out for the
term of their imprisonment."

One of the most singular decisions ever an-
nounced by a court of justice was given in a
case of liquor selling to Indians. .\ certain
festal day in the early '50s had been celebrated
with a great deal of hilarity and imbibing of
wine and aguardiente. The noble red man had
vied with his white brothers in celebrating and
in getting drunk. This was an offense to the
white man, and as there was a heavy fine for
selling liquor to Indians, some of the whites
instigated the arrest of certain liquor dealers.
-Among the accused was a scion of one of the
most influential families. He was charged with
having sold liquor to a Yaqui Indian. The
evidence was very clear that the liquor had been
sold by the defendant to the Yaqui, but to con-
vict a member of that family, the justice very
well knew, would be his political undoing for
all time. So in the trial the ethnological ques-
tion was sprung as to whether a Yaqui was an
Indian or a white man. The race question was
argued at great length by the attorneys on both
sides, and the judge, after summing up the evi-
dence, decided that the prominent cheek bones,
yellow skin, straight black hair and dark eyes
of the Yaqui were the effects of climate and not
of heredity, and inside the Yaqui was a white
man. The saloon-keeper was declared not guilty
and discharged.

The city government was administered eco-
nomically in the early '50s, and taxes were light.
-According to Ordinance No. 30, adopted June
jg, 1852, the mayor, acting as recorder or police
judge, received $2 for each conviction, which

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1(5 r

amount he was required Id pa)' into tho dXy
treasury. It does not appear that he was allowed
to draw anything out of the treasury for salary.
The city clerk received $35 per month, the city
marshal $20. the city treasurer three per cent
on all moneys paid in; the city tax collector six
per cent on all collections and the city attorney
$10 per month.

The lighting of the city was accomplished in
a very economical manner. An ordinance passed
in 1852 required "every head of a family in that
part of the city bounded north by Santa Barbara
street, east by Ortega, south by ChapuLa and
west lay Figueroa, to cause a lantern containing
a lighted lamp or candle to be suspended every
dark or cloudy evening in front of his house
from dark to ten o'clock; neglecting to do so
he will be fined not less than 50 cents or more
than $1 for each ofTense."

Fifty years ago Santa Barbara was, to use
an expressive slang phrase of to-day, a "wide
open town." Saloon keeping was the most
popular industry. Of fifty licenses granted be-
tween August, 1850, and February, 1851, thirty-
two were for permission to retail liquors. Sun-
day was a gala day, and dissipation reached high
tide then.

Before the conquest, the Californians were
moderate drinkers. Although using wine freely,
they seldom drank to excess. When they wished
to indulge in a social glass, and some one stood
treat for the crowd, they all drank not standing,
but sitting on their horses. A squad of three
or four, or half a dozen may be, would ride up
to a pulperia and, without dismounting, one of
the party would order the drinks. The mercader
de vino (wine merchant) would bring out a cup
or glass filled with wine or aguardiente; each
one would take a sip and pass it to his neighbor.
One cup served all the party; it w^as a sort of
loving cup. It is said that once, when a crowd
of American miners bestowed their patronage
for the first time upon a native vinatero, and
each called for a separate glass, the wineseller,
who had but one glass in his shop, had to send
out and borrow enough glasses from his neigh-
bors to supply the demand. When each one of
his patrons poured out a full glass of fiery
aguardiente and gulped it down, the astonished
saloonkeeper crossed himself and implored the
saints to protect him from the American di-
ablos.

In 1855, a spasm of virtue seems to have
seized the city council. It passed a Sunday
closing ordinance: "All stores, shops, taverns
and groceries shall close from 12 o'clock Satur-
day night to 12 o'clock p. m. the following
Sunday, except butcher, baker and apothecary
shops," so read the ordinance. For a violation

nf this ninnicipal law the pcnall)- was a fine of
not less than $10 or more than $50.

The early councils did business very care-
lessly. The ofSce of councilman was not a
lucrative one. The members took their pay in
honors, and honors were not always easy. The
office sought the man, but the man dodged it
when he could. Resignations were frequent,
and as vacancies were not promptly filled, the
membership of the council was not often full.
The council elected in j\Iay, 1853, held no meet-
ing between May 5 and August 2J for want
of a quorum. When a quorum w'as obtained,
the disgusted clerk offered his resignation, and
it was found that the mayor and two council-
men-elect had failed to qualify. An election
was ordered to fill vacancies. Whether they
were filled or what that council did afterwards
does not appear. When a new council was
elected in May, 1854, the minutes of the old
council had not been engrossed. The new
council ordered them written up, and blank
pages were left in the record book for their
entry, but the pages are still blank.

The members of the new council instituted
an investigation to find out whether the old
council could grant its members city lands at
lower rates than the appraised value; and also
to ascertain whether the land laws of the old
a}-untamiento were still in force. What they
found out is not written in the record.

CITY LANDS.

Shortly after the organization of the United
States land commission in California, Santa
r)arbara presented her claim for eight and three-
fourths leagues of pueblo lands. In May, 1854,
the council allowed a bill of $700 for prosecuting
the city's claim. December 2^, 1854. a public
meeting was called to consider the advisability
of prosecuting the city's claim to its pueblo
lands in the L'nited States courts. The land
commission had rejected the city's claim to
eight and three-fourths leagues. March 10,
1855, Hinchman & Hoar were given a fee of
$500 "for prosecuting the city's claims to her
lands before the United States District Court."
After a long drawn out contest in the courts,
the city's claim w^as finally allowed in 1861 for
four leagues, or 17,826 ''/i„n acres, extending
from the Rancho Goleta to the .\rroyo de La
Carpinteria. It was surveyeil by G. H. Thomp-
son, May, 1867, and a patent signed by Presi-
dent U. S. Grant, May 25, 1872.

lender the Spanish and Alexican regimes,
there was no survey made of the pueblo lands
and no map or plat of the town. The ayunta-
miento granted house lots on the application
of any one desiring to build. The only survey

1C8

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

made was li.> measure so maii\ \aras from some
previous grant. Streets in those days were nol
made, but, like Topsy, they "just grow-ed," antl
in growing many of them became twisted. It
took years alter the Haley survey was made
to untwist some, or rather to adjust the houses
to the new street lines. The street names given
were mostly in Spanish. The mixed population
of the early '50s so bungled the spelling of these
that in 1854 the council appointed a committee
'"to correct the orthography of certain streets."
In the nomenclature of its streets, Santa
Barbara has remembered many of the famous
men of the Spanish and Mexican eras of Cali-
fornia. Not only have famous men been remem-
bered, but local historical incidents, too, have
been commemorated. The historic event that
gave Canon Perdido street its name, gave names
also to two other streets and a design for a city
seal. Briefly told, the story runs about as fol-
lows: In the winter of 1847-48, the American
brig Elisabeth was wrecked near Santa Bar-
bara. Among the articles saved was a six-
pounder brass cannon. It was brought ashore
and lay on the beach for some time. One dark
night in April, 1848, a little squad of Califor-
nians stole down to the beach, hauled it away
and buried it in the sands on the banks of the
Estero. What their object was in taking the
gun no one knows, probably they did not know
themselves. Several days passed before the gun
was missed. Capt. Lippett of Company F,
Stevenson's Regiment of New York Volunteers,
was in command of the post. He was a nervous,
excitable man. In the theft of the cannon, he
thought he had discovered preparations for an
uprising of the natives. He dispatched a courier
post haste to Col. Mason, the military governor
of the territory at Monterey, with a highly
colored account of his discovery. Mason, plac-
ing reliance in Lippett's story and desiring to
give the Californians a lesson that would teach
them to let guns and revolutions alone, levied a
military contribution of $500 on the town, to be
paid by a capitation tax of $2 on every male
over 20 years, the balance to be assessed on the
real and personal property of the citizens, the
money when collected to be turned over to the
post quartermaster. The promulgation of the
order in Santa Barbara raised a storm of indig-
nation, and among those whose wail w.as the
loudest were the American-born residents of
the town, who had become Mexican citizens by
naturalization. Col. Stevenson, commander of
the southern military district, who had been
ordered to collect the pueblo's ransom by tact,
by the soothing strains of a brass band and the
influence of Pablo de la Guerra, all exerted on
the nation's birthday, July 4, succeeded in col-

lecting the money without any more dangerous
nntl>rfak than a few nuUtered curses on the
hated gringos.

After peace was declared, Governor Mason
ordered the money turned over to the prefect
of the pueblo to be used in building a jail.
When the city survey was made in 1850, three
street names commemorated the incident,
Canon Perdido (Lost Cannon) street, Quinien-
tos (Five Hundred) street, and Mason street.
When the council, in 1850, chose a design for
a city seal they selected the device of a cannon
statant, encircled by the words "\'ale Quinien-
tos Pesos — Worth Five Hundred Dollars."
The members of the city council made repeated
demands on the ex-prefect for the five hundred
dollars, but he refused to turn it into the city
treasury, claiming that it was entrusted to him
for a specific purpose, and until a jail was built
no money would the city get. The city built
a jail, but the ex-prefect still held on to the
money. The council began legal proceedings
to recover the money, but as the judge of the
district and the ex-prefect were very closely
related the case was transferred to San Fran-
cisco. In some unaccountable way the papers
in the case were lost, and as no new suit was
begun the city never recovered the money. The
council chose a new design for its seal, and all
the city has left for its $500 is some street
names.

One stormy night in 1858 the Estero cut a
new channel through its banks. Some citizen
next morning, viewing the effects of the flood,
saw the muzzle of a cannon protruding from the
cut in the bank. Unearthing the gun. it proved
to be the lost cannon. It was hauled up State
street to Canon Perdido, where, mounted on an
improvised carriage, it frowned on the passers
by. Ten years had wrought great changes in
the town and the people. The cannon episode
was ancient history. Nobody cared to preserve
the old gun as an historic relic, and as finders in
this case were keepers, they sold it to a city
merchant for $80, and he disposed of it in San
Francisco at a handsome profit to a junk dealer
for old brass.

Santa Barbara in early days had her squatter
troubles, in common with other parts of the
state, covered by Spanish grants. The most
noted of these was what is known as the Arroyo
Burro affair. I give the following account of it
taken mainly from Mason's History of Santa
Barbara: John \'ida!, an ex-member of Steven-
son's Regiment of New York Volunteers, had
for some time rented a piece of land from Dr.
Den. When the lease expired, he laid claim to
the land under the United States pre-emption
laws. Tlie court adjudged the land to Dr. Den,

HISTORICAL AND lUOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Ifif)

and Sheriff Twist was ordered to evict Vidal.
A number of gamblers, among whom was the
notorious Jack Powers, rallied to the assistance
of Vidal.

Vidal and his friends were reported to be
fortified at his ranch house. Sheriff Twist sum-
moned a posse coinitatus of two hundred men,
and secured a small cannon that stood on the
Plaza to batter down the fortifications. The
Twist party assembled at the Egirrea House,
then used for a court house. Vidal and his
companions came riding up as if to begin the
fight. Some say their intentions were to effect
a compromise. As Vidal rode up two of his
men, "Little Mickey" and a Spaniard, lassoed
the cannon and tried to drag it away. Twist
fired upon them, and the firing became general.
Vidal was shot and fell from his horse. The
Spaniard of the cannon episode stabbed Twist
with a knife. A running fight ensued, but with-
out any further casualties. Vidal lingered four-
teen days before death relieved him of his
sufferings. Pablo de la Guerra went out to the
fort next day and induced the Powers gang to
submit to the legal authorities. The disputed
tract was afterwards declared by the courts to
be government land.

THE PIONEER NEWSPAPER.

The pioneer newspaper of Santa Barbara was
the Santa Barbara Gazette. The first number
was issued Thursday, May 24, 1855. It was a
four-page, five-column weekly, size of page
12x18 inches. One page was printed in Spanish.
W. B. Keep & Co. were the proprietors. The
names of the members of the company were
R. Hubbard, T. Dunlap, Jr., and W. B. Keep.
Later on the firm was Hubbard & Keep. In
their salutatory the publishers say: "After tak-
ing into consideration the fact that there are
now in California more newspapers than in any
three states in the Union, the doubt of future
success of one more might naturally arise in
the minds of some wiseacres of our county. A
field is undoubtedly open for enterprise and
energy in this portion of the state. The counties
of Los Angeles and San Diego have, for some
time, supported papers, and without boasting
we believe that the county of Santa Barbara
possesses many advantages over these."'

The Gazette was vigorously edited. It made
strenuous efforts to arouse the officials and the
citizens of the sleepy old city to make improve-
ments, but it was labor in vain. If it did not
arouse them to put forth efforts, it did excite
their wrath. In the issue of October 4, 1855,
the editor draws this picture of existing con-
ditions within the city: "There are deep, un-
covered wells, pit-falls and man-traps in various

parts of the city, rendering it extremely hazard-
ous tu traverse the streets at night, not only
for horses and teams but foot passengers as
well. There are unsightly gorges and gullies
through which the water flows into the street
in winter. The slaughter houses reek with filth,
and the horrid stench from them pollutes the
atmosphere." In another issue the editor ap-
peals to the citizens "to tear themselves away
from the blandishments of keno, billiards and
cards long enough to examine the route for a
post road" over which the mail could be carried
through the coast countries to and from San
Francisco.

The Gazette in its issue of May i, 1856, thus
inveighs against the want of public spirit in the
city officials and citizens: "It does not sound
well to hear it said that since the incorporation
of this city, more than six years ago, not a
single improvement of general utility has been
made, if the survey and maps be excepted. Not
a street has been graded at the public expense,
nor an artesian well nor a public edifice of any
kind even projected, nor a wharf at the landing
attempted or planned or even its cost esti-
mated." These plain statements of facts were
not relished by the old fogies of the town, and
they resolved to crush the paper. Its principal
revenue had been derived from the public print-
ing. A bill was passed by the Legislature (at
the instigation, it is said, of a scion of one of
the ruling families whom the Gazette had casti-
gated) authorizing county officials to publish
legal notices by posting them on bulletin boards.
The public patronage was not sufficient to sup-
port a newspaper. The plant was sold in 1858 to
two Spaniards, who removed it to San Francisco,
where the paper was printed in Spanish as the
Gaceta dc Santa Barbara. It lingered out an
existence of several years, being edited and
printed in San Francisco and publislied in Santa
Barbara. Then it died.

Through the first decade of its existence as
an American city, Santa Barbara grew in a
leisurely way. It was in no haste Ic become a
great city. Old customs prevailed. The Span-
ish language was the prevailing form of speech.
Trade and travel came and went by sea as in
the old hide drogher days. Twice a month a
steamship landed the little budget of mail, some-
times water-soaked in passing through the surf
from ship to shore. Passengers were carried
ashore from the surf boats on the backs of
sailors, for there was no wharf. If there was
no tip offered the sailor there might be a dip
proffered the passenger. The sailor was already
soaked; if he toppled over with his burden
when a breaker struck him a little more salt
water did not disturb him. It was different

iro

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD,

with his burden. Those actiuaiiitcd with the
bucking propensities of the sailors always tipped
before they left the boat.

The feudal lords of the old regime still ruled.
They had cattle on a thousand hills and an army
of retainers. The retainers had votes and the
cattle kings controlled their dependents' ballots.
The second decade — the decade betw-een i860
and 1870 — saw the beginning of the end of old
time manners and customs. The story of the
dethronement of the cattle kings more properly
belongs to the history of the county at large
than to that of the city.

THE NEW ER.\.

The terrible dry years of 1863 and 1864, which
destroyed cattle raising, the dominant industry
of the county, disastrously affected the city.
Destitution prevailed and everybody was dis-
couraged. There was no advance, no building,
no progress during the early '60s. It was not
until immigration began to drift southward
about 1867 that the city shook off its lethargy
and aroused itself to action. The Santa Barbara
wharf was constructed in the summer of 1868.
This greatly facilitated commerce. Previous to
this vessels anchored a mile or two from shore,
and all freight to and from the ship was taken
on surf boats. In early times the only road
between Santa Barbara and San Buenaventura
was along the beach around Punta Gorda and
Rincon Point. In high tide it was often impos-
sible, and it was rendered dangerous on account
of masses of earth falling from the cliffs. A
new road was constructed that avoided the
dangers of Rincon Pass, and a. stage line up
the coast gave increased mail facilities and
regular communication by land between Los
Angeles and San Francisco without waiting for
low tide. Increased steamship communication
with San Francisco brought tourists and visitors,
and the city began to fix up to receive its guests.
June 2, 1870, a franchise w^as granted to Thomas
R. Bard, S. B. Bunkcrhoff, Charles Fernald and
JarrettT. Richards to lay. gas pipes in the streets
and light the city with gas. Several large hotels
were erected, among them the famous Arling-
ton. Property values advanced. Blocks that in
1870 sold for $100 in 1874 changed hands at
$S,ooo.

The Santa Barbara College was founded in
1869 by a joint stock company, of which Elwood
Cooper was a leading member. The college
building w^as erected in 1871. The college sus-
pended in 1878 for want of support. The rooms
on the lower floor of the building, now the San
Marcos, are occupied by the high school classes;
the upper floors are used as an apartment house.

The cornerstone of the new court house was

laid October 5, 1872. The building was com-
|)leted in 1873 at a cost of $60,000.

The First Xational Bank of Santa Barbara
was organized in 1873. in 1876 its building was
completed and occupied. The Santa Barbara
National Bank was organized July, 1875, as the
Santa Barbara County Bank.

The Natural History Society was organized
December, 1876, with a list of twenty-one mem-
bers. For the first two years of its existence
the society met in the Santa Barbara College
building. It had but a small collection. In 1883
about 1,200 volumes of government publica-
tions that had been in charge of the Santa Bar-
bara College were transferred to it. Funds
were donated for furniture and bookcases. Its
collections have had several lodging places, and
are now kept in rooms on the ground floor of the
San Marcos.

THE PUBLIC LIBR^VRV.

The first movement looking towards the
founding of a public library for Santa Barbara
originated with the Odd Fellows. That organi-
zation along in the later '70s had a considerable
collection of books which were loaned out to
readers. The time and trouble involved in loan-
ing the books and looking after them was
too great to be done gratuitously, and the asso-
ciation after a time discontinued loaning, and
the books were stored away.

Under the state law of 1880 for establishing
free libraries, the city council, February 16, 1882,
adopted a resolution to establish a free library
and reading room. At the next citv election T.

B. Dibblee, Jas. AI. Short, O. N. Dimmick, W.
E. Noble and S. B. P. Knox were elected library
trustees. The Odd Fellows donated all the
books in their collection, numbering 2,921 vol-
umes. The first librarian appointed was Mrs.
Mary Page. The city has erected a neat and
commodious library building, so planned that
it can be enlarged without change of design or
inconvenience to the patrons of the library. The
library now has about 14,000 volumes. Mrs. M.

C. Reed is the present librarian, and Miss D.
Chambers, assistant.

The decade between 1870 and 1880 marked
tlic transformation of Santa Barbara from an
adobe town to one built of brick and wood. The
increase of population was not great. After the
decadence of the cattle industry many of the
natives left the country. The population of
Santa Barbara in i860 was 2,351; in 1870, 2,970,
an increase of 26 per cent; in 1880. 3,469, an
increase of 17 per cent. The decade between
1880 and 1890 witnessed its most rapid growth.
Its population in 1880 as previously stated was
3,469; in 1890, 5,864, an increase of nearly 70

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

per cent. In the early '80s began a concerted
movement among the counties of Southern Cali-
fornia to advertise their resources in the Eastern
states. "California on Wheels" was sent on its
mission east. Railroad building, and particu-
larly railroad projecting by real estate agents,
was active. It is remarkal)lc how easily rail-
roads were built then — on paper. A beautifully
illustrated pamphlet advertising the Santa Ynez
valley issued at this time, states that among
the many railroads building or soon to be
built is the Atchison, Topeka and Santa
Fe line from Santa Monica via San Buena-
ventura to the headwaters of the Santa Ynez
river, making "the shortest, coolest and most
superb scenic route from Los Angeles via the
Salinas valley to San Francisco."

August 17, 1887, the first passenger train from
Los Angeles arrived in Santa Barbara. The
same afternoon came one from San Francisco
via Saugus. The city turned out en masse to
celebrate the event. There was a bancjuet in the
evening and a grand ball. The boom in real
estate was on in earnest and prices expanded, but
the railroad before the end of August stopped
building, and the real estate bubble collapsed.
While the boom lasted, some large sales were
made. The recorded transfers for seven months

aggregated over $5,000,000. As many of the
contracts were not recorded, the sales really
reached about $7,000,000. .V number of sub-
stantial improvemaiits were completed. State
street was paved with bituminous rock for two
miles at a cost of $180,000. Other streets were
graded and miles of sidewalk laid.

The first through trains on the Southern Pa-
cific coast line from San Francisco and Los An-
geles passed through Santa Barbara .March 31.
1901. Among the recent improvements at Santa
Barbara is the completion of St. .\nthony's Col-
lege, a Franciscan college for the preparation of
young men who wish to enter priesthood. It is lo-
cated on rising ground near the old mission. The
corner stone was laid June 13, 1899. It was
formally dedicated April 25, 1901. It is a stone
building, three stories high, and cost about'
$50,000. The school for a number of years had
been conducted in a wing of the old mission.
The president is Rev. Peter Wallischeck, O. F.
M. February 27, 1896, a horrible tragedy
occurred in the monastery of Santa Barbara.
An insane domestic, employed in the building,
shot and killed the Guardian Father Ferdinand
Bergmeyer.

The new high school of Santa Barbara will
cost, when completed, about $60,000.

CHAPTER XXX.

VENTURA COUNTY.

BEFORE THE COUNTY \\'.\S CREAlhU.

THE history of the territory now included
in Ventura county up to the time of its
segregation from Santa Barbara prop-
erly belongs in the sketch of that county. As
but little space could be given it there, I give
a brief review of some of the principal events
occurring during the Mexican and early Ameri-
can periods. The mission buildings of San
Buenaventura formed a nucleus from which the
settlement of the district radiated. The country
contiguous, after the secularization of the mis-
sions, was held in large ranchos by owners
hving in Santa Barbara or Los Angeles, and the
district suffered from absenteeism.

At the time of the American conquest anil
for years afterwards the district was sparsely
populated. In early days San Buenaventura
was one of the stations or stopping places on
the so-called Camino real (royal highway), that
led from mission to mission up and down the
coast.

It was an easy day's ride from San Fernando
or from Los Angeles, as rides were made in
those days. Although surrounded by a mag-
nificent cattle country, there was but little ship-
ping from its port in the hide droghing days.
Dana, Robinson and others who were on the
coast at. that time make but meager mention
of it. The cattle of its extensive ranchos trans-
ported their own hides and tallow to market,
that is. they were driven to some point near
Santa Barbara or San Pedro for slaughter.

The old mission figured in the Civil war of
1838, when Juan Bautista .-Mvarado and Don
Carlos Carrilio were hostile rivals for the gover-
norship of the territory. The battle of San
r.uenaventura was tiie \Vaterloo of Carrilio. It
was not nuich of a battle, as battles were fought
in the .American Civil war from 1861 to 1865,
but it was the most sanguinary conflict in the
struggle between Northern and Southern Cali-
fornia over which, Los .Vngcles or Monterey,
should be the capital, and who. .Mvarado or
Carrilio, should be governor.

172

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

Castenada, in command of Carrillo's army of
the south, had fallen back from Santa Barbara
on the approach of Castro with the army of the

i north and taken position in^he mission church
of San Buenaventura. Castro pursuing, with
three pieces of artillery, reached San Buenaven-
tura in the night and planted his cannon on
the heights overlooking the mission. In the
morning he summoned Castenada to surrender.
The summons was indignantly rejected, and the
liattle was on. For three days there was a rattle
of nuisketry and a roar of artillery. Each sup-
posed he was annihilating the forces of the
other. On the third night the southern soldiers,
weary of slaughter, attempted to steal out under
the cover of darkness and make their way to
their desolate homes. They did the stealing

•part admirably, but when they had crawled out
they were promptly halted by the enemy lying
in ambush; and as promptly surrendered. After
the battle came the painful duty of burying the
dead and caring for the wounded. There was
but one dead and one wounded — a dead south-
erner and a wounded northerner, or possibly
the reverse (authorities difTer). The mission
building had received several severe wounds.
Castro's marksmen could hit a mission, but not
a man. It is said that there are several of
Castro's cannon balls still embedded in the
adobe walls of the old mission. The battle of
San Buenaventura was the Gettysburg of the
Civil war between the arribanas (uppers) and
the abajanos (lowers).

At the time of the American conquest there
was not so far as known an American settler in
San Buenaventura. Col. Stevenson, when he
was commander of the military district of the
South, in 1847-48, sent Isaac Callahan and W.
O. Streeter to take charge of the mission prop-
erty, which had beeii abandoned by the superin-
tendent. After the organization of Santa Barbara
county the San Buenaventura district con-
stituted a township of that county. November,
1852, an election was called to elect three school
commissioners for the township of San Buena-
ventura, but w-hether any were elected the rec-
ords do not show. The boundaries, as defined
in 1855, are as follows: "First township to ex-
tend from the division line of Los Angeles
county to the Arroyo known as Arroyo del
Rincon. The elections shall be held at the
Mission San Buenaventura." The boundaries
of the school district were the same as those of
the township. The scliool trustees elected in
November, 1855. were Jose A. Pacifico and
Sanchez Rey Olivas.

In December, 1855, John Koselli was teach-
ing a public school at the mission of San Buena-
ventura. The school was taught in the Spanish

language. This was probably the first common
school taught in the district and the pioneer
school of Ventura county.

In 1857 A. Schiappa Pietra, then a resident of
Santa I'.arbara, started the first store in San
Buena\entura. At that time there were but
two places in the whole district where travelers
could be entertained. One was a tent on the
Sespe raiicho and the other a hotel kept in the
east wing of the mission. In 1858, the American
residents were A. M. Conway, Grififin Robbins,
\^•. T. Na.*. \\". 1). Ilobson, McLaughlin an<!
Park.

In 1859 the first attempt was made to form
a county out of the eastern portion of Santa
Barbara. A petition containing 130 names was
sent to the legislature praying for the fomiation
of the county of San Buenaventura.

The Los Angeles Star of January 29, 1859,
commenting on the project, says: "We might,
however, have remained silent, had not the in-
terests of Los Angeles county been brought into
the question. Our informant stated to us tliat
we are to be deprived of Fort Tejon township;
and that according to the petition it w-as to be
incorporated into the new county, giving to us
the Rancho of Conejo or some other place al-
most entirely valueless in exchange. It is an
old maxim not only taught by the fireside, but
spread upon every statute book, that he who
takes from another without his consent is guilty
of robbery. And he who assists in such an act
is equally guilty with the leaders. Has Los An-
geles county been consulted in this matter? We
are certain it has not. Has Tejon district been
asked if it w-ould accede to it? We find no one
who can answer. San Buenaventura then would
like to control not only the 130 persons who are
said to have signed tlie petition, but also the
board of supervisors of Santa Barbara county
and the like body of Los Angeles county. Don
Antonio de la Guerra, chairman of the board
of super\'isors of Santa Barbara, immediately
on hearing of the movement, ordered the clerk
of the county to send the representatives of the
county in the legislature and the senator of
the second district a comparative statement of the
number of votes the would-be new county could
cast; the pro rata amount of debt they w-ould
have to assume ; and requesting these represent-
atives to show to the legislative body the folly
of the undertaking." The Star assures its read-
ers that our delegation in the legislature will
see to it that no "snap judgment" is taken by
these plotters for a new county.

It is rather strange that this county division
project did not carry in that legislature. The leg-
islature of 1859 was a secession body. It passed
;i bill dividing the stale and creatine' the state of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

173

South California, subject to the approval of the
people. At an election held in the fall of 1859
the proposition was voted upon by the counties
of San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Los An-
geles, San Diego, San Bernardino and Buena
Vista. A majority of the voters favored divis-
ion, but the state was not divided. It was a
pro-slavery scheme designed to give the slave-
holders of the south more representation in
congress. The election of Linciiln, in i860, put
an end to the plot. Nothing came of that
county division scheme, either.

In i860, there were but nine American voters
in the precinct of San Buenaventura. The first
survey of a town site was made in 1862, by
Waterman, Vassault & Co., who owned the ex-
mission lands. The first attempt to incorporate
the town was made in 1863. Messrs. Simpson,
Beebe, Stow, Escandon and others met at the
hotel kept by V. A. Simpson and drew up a
petition to the legislature asking for incorpora-
tion. The legislature, probably considering it
too small a matter to waste time on, did nothing
with the petition.

The Noahian deluge of 1861-62 made an in-
land sea of the Santa Clara valley, but did very
little damage. The cattle and horses escaped
to the foothills and the loss of stock was light.
During the famine years of 1863 and 1864 there
was a heavy loss of cattle. The dry years, how-
ever, did not bring about a subdivision of the
ranchos as in Los Angeles. The ranches were
restocked gradually and the old industry, cattle-
raising, continued for a time.

The flood of 1867-68 was more severe than
that of 1861. "On Christmas day, 1867, the wa-
ter rose until it was three feet deep in Main
street (San Buenaventura). The lower portions
of the town were submerged and the inhabitants
had to be removed to a place of safety. The
warm rain falling on and melting the recently
deposited snows of the mountains filled the
rivers to overflowing and caused the flood. The
land from the Santa Clara hotel to the river
was flooded. Forty-seven women were rescued
from the flooded houses and carried on the
backs of horses or on the shoulders of men to
. places of safety."

In 1868 the current of immigration, which for
years had steadily flowed into Central and
Northern California, turned southward. Flic
subdivision of the great ranchos of the south
had begun and cheap farm lands were thrown
on the market. Successive years of abundant
rainfall had obliterated the traces of the "famine
years." Prices of all products were good and
men of small means in Central California, who
had made money by grain-raising on rented
lands, began to look around for homes of their

own. The completion of the first transconti-
nental railroad (the Union and Central Pacific)
in May, i86g, brought many home-seekers to the
coast and some of these drifted southward.

The coast stage line had been established in
1868 on a better basis, and, with increased serv-
ice, running on regular time, attracted land
travel. Heretofore travel up and down the coast
had been almost entirely by steamer; and as the
large passenger steamers did not stop at San
Buenaventura, it had remained comparatively
unknown. The stage passengers coming down
from the mountains on their journey northward
or, rising as it were out of the sea, on their
southward trip, beheld stretched out before
them the valley of the Santa Clara in all its
loveliness and were delighted with the view
and enthusiastic over the country's future pros-
pects.

The following table of distances and stations
gives the line of the old stage route between
Los Angeles, San Buenaventura and Santa Bar-
bara in 1868:

From Los Angeles to Cahuenga Pass

House 9H miles.

To New Station Sj4 '"

To Mountain House (Larry's) ISJ4 "

To Simi Ranch 8^ "

To Las Posas 12 "

To Santa Clara River 10 "

To San Buenaventura 8j4

To Rincon 12

To Santa Barbara 15 "

Total 98^ "

The stage, which carried the daily mail, left
Los Angeles at 6 a. m. and arrived at 8 p. m.
The through time from San Francisco to Los
Angeles by stage was 66 hours. The following
extract taken from Josephine CliiTord's "Trop-
ical California," a series of articles descriptive of
the coast counties from San Luis Obispo south-
ward, published in the Overland Monthly sev-
eral years before Nordhofif's famous letters ap-
peared, gives a pleasing dcscrijition of the stage
ride and of San Buenaventura as she saw it in
1870:

"The regrets I expressed on leaving Santa
Barbara came from my heart; it is a lovely spot,
and even when I went from it I could not but
lean out of the window to catch departing
glimpses of it as it faded more and more from
sight. The stage road winds along by the sea;
the sun was shining, golden, as it seems ever to
shine on these serene, blue ripples of water, and
there was something so (|uieting in the soft
plashing of the waves against the shore that I
laid my head back and, with open eyes, dreamed
■ — dreamed till I fell asleep, and was waked up
again by the sound of water rushing imme-

174

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

diately under the coach. I looked out in bewil-
derment; it was true, the horses were drawing
the coach through the foaming, flashing waves.
The other passengers expressed no concern; so
1, too, remained quiet, and soon found tliat this
was the pleasantest way of traveling along the
coast.

"Twenty-five miles below Santa Barbara lies
San Buenaventura, another old mission, around
which quite a flourishing place has sprung up.
The flimsy, garish frame houses have crowded
themselves in where the olive, the palm, and the
fig-tree once grew in unbroken lines; but now
or.h- patches of ground, covered with giant pear
trees and huge old olives, are visible back of the
fast-growing town. Passing through in the
broad, positive light of noonday, I could look
on these things philosophically and with equa-
nimity; but on my way back from Los Angeles
some time later, in the chill hours of the wan-
ing night, the sight of the place made me feel
sad, almost bitter. Night had not yet lifted her
mantle from the earth as the stage rolled heavily
toward San Buenaventura, and the roar of the
ocean fell on my ear with hollow sound. Soon
I distinguished the bell towers of the Mission
Church, and the tinkling of the bells, just
touched, had a feeble, complaining tone; now
we turn into the one long street of San Buena-
ventura, and in the darkening halls, the clerk of
the hotel shows me into a cheerless room, up-
stairs. I walk to the window — to the rising-
light — and there, in the yard below are those
peerless, graceful palm trees I saw waving and
bending in the dim distance. How pitiful to see
these neglected daughters of the torrid zone
lifting their royal shafts among the stove pipes
and empty dry goods boxes of a country store
back yard. I stretched out my hands lovingly,
and they nodded their proud heads, and flung
their arms to the morning breeze, pointing to
where those clusters of dark olives stood. But
it grows lighter, the stage is at the door, and
bears us rapidly away. In the far east breaks
the cold gray morning — 'those .\m?ricans' are
coming!"

And "those Americans" continued to come;
the "garish frame houses" crowded out the
adobe structures. The age of wood supplanted
the age of unbaked clay, and in turn was
crowded back from the business streets by brick
and stone. The "clusters of dark olives" have
been thinned by the woodman's ax and but two
of the palms nod their proud heads in the morn-
ing breeze. .\nd still "those .\nicricans are
coming," not by stage, but by steam.

Mrs. Clifford's description of a night ride over
the mountains between San l>uen.aventur.i and
Lus .'\ngelcs illustrates sonic of the perils and

inconveniences of travel a third of a century ago:
"We had been ascending the mountain for some
time, when, during a breathing spell given the
horses, the sharp, decided rattle that seems pe-
culiar to just these stages, sounded back to us
from somewhere above, as though it were the
echo of our own wheels. The driver listened a
moment, and then broke out with an abrupt

oath, for which he didn't even apologize. 'D

that fellow! But I'll make him take the out-
side,' he muttered. 'What's the matter?" I
asked apprehensively; 'anything wrong?' 'Oh
no!' with a look over to my side of the road
where the light of the lanterns fell on the trees
that grew up out of the mountain side below
us, and were trying to touch the wheels of our
coach with their top branches — 'nothing at all.
Only he's got to take that side of the road and
take his chances of going over. He'd no busi-
ness coming on me here.'

"The rattling had come nearer all this time
and now a light flashed up a little in front of us
and directly a fiery, steaming monster seemed
rushing down to destroy us. The air had grown
chilly and the horses in the approaching stage
seemed to have cantered down the mountain at
quite a lively gait; for the white steam was issu-
ing from their nostrils and rising in clouds from
their bodies. The six gallant horses, reined up
short and stamping nervously to be let loose for
the onward run, were a noble sight; and the
heavy coach with its two glowing eyes was
grandly swaying in its springs. Our own horses
were blowing little impatient puffs from dis-
tended nostrils, and our coach drawn safely up
on the rocky hillside. Both drivers stopped to
exchange the compliments of the day — or,
rather, the night — our driver speaking in crusty
tones, and, pointing down to where the road
fell ofif steep and precipitous below him, warned
the other driver 'not to run ahead of his time
again.'

"There was nothing remarkable about the
supper we took that night except the bats that
kept coming in at the front door in a perfectly
free-and-easy manner, swarming about our
heads till they thought they knew us. and tiien
settling in their favorite nooks and corners. No--
ticing my imtiring endeavors to prevent them
from inspecting my head and face too closely,
the station keeper observed that people were
'most always afraid of them things when they
first come,' but that they 'needn't fright of them:
they wouldn't hurt nobody.' The rest of the
night was passed inside the stage, though of
sleep there was no thought, such jolting and
jumi)ing over rocks and boulders: I ache all
over to think of it even now! Just before day-
Lreak we entered the City of the .\ngels." * * *

HISTORICAL AND DIOGRArillCAL RECORD.

ir:

San Buenaventura became ambitious to be
classed as a seaport. In January, 1871, a fran-
chise was secured to build a wharf; work was
begun upon it in March; and in February, i$72,
it was so near completion that steamers were
able to discharge their cargoes directly on it.
The next advance was the establishing of a
newspaper. April 22, 1871, appeared the first
number of the Ventura Signal. The editor and
|iroprietor, J. H. Bradley, was a wide-awake,
progressive newspaper man. He directed his
efforts towards building up the prospective
county. He was an earnest and intelligent ad-
vocate of county division and labored to organ-
ize and unify public sentiment in favor of that
measure.

ORGANIZATION Ol'^ THE NEW COUNTY.

After the failure of the attempt to divide
Santa Barbara county in 1859, the scheme fell
into a state of "innocuous desuetude." It was not
given up; only held in abeyance. The people
were biding their time. There were abundant
reasons why the people of the eastern portion
of Santa Barbara should have a county of their
own when they could afford the expense. It
was a long distance to the county seat, and the
journey had to be made over roads that were
next to impassable in the winter time. The
western and more populous part of the county
monopolized the offices; and the most harrow-
ing grievance that the average American office-
seeker can suffer is to have his claims to polit-
ical preferment ignored by his party. Then, too,
Santa Barbara city, which really dominated the
politics of the county, had a large purchasable
clement among its voters, which, under the
leadership and controlled by crafty politicians,
decided the political destiny of aspirants for
office on a coin basis. The advocates of a new
coimty pointed to the many and grievous
wrongs against the right of suffrage commit-
ted by the political bosses of Santa Barbara and
urged a separation from their contaminating
influence. Examples were many.

It is said that at one time when political feel-
ing ran high a whole tribe of Indians were
voted. At another closely contested election
the passenger list of a Panama steamer was
copied and a precinct of 20 voters rolled up 160
votes. The "hole in the wall" election fraud of
1852 was one of the many scandals that shook
confidence in the verdict of the ballot box. At
that election the voter passed his ballot through
a hole in the wall. The election officers, who
were all of one political faith, disposed of the
ballots as seemed good to them. The electors
of the other side had the privilege of voting
carlv and often. If their votes were not coimtcd

at least they had the satisfaction of casting a
goodly number. The registry law of 1866
checked some of the more flagrant abuses, but
bribery, coercion and the open buying of votes
went on for several years afterwards.

Inimignition had brought into the eastern end
of Santa Barbara county a population almost
entirely American, and the desire to cut loose
from the western end with its peculiar election
methods increased as population increased. In
1869, ten years after the failure ofthe first, a sec-
ond effort to form a new county was made. flon.
A. G. Escandon was elected to the assembly
largely on a county division issue, but Santa
Barbara bitterly opposed the scheme when it
came before the legislature and the bill for the
creation of a new county failed to pass.

In the legislature of 1871-72, the measure
•again came* to the front. Hon. W. D. Hobson,
who represented the county divisionists in the
legislature, was successful in carrying the meas-
ure. The bill creating the county of Ventura
was approved March 22, 1872. The boundaries
111 the county are as follows: "Commencing on
the coast of the Pacific ocean at the mouth of
Rincon creek; thence following up the center
n[ said creek to its source; thence due north
to the boundary line of Santa Barbara county;
thence in an easterly direction along the bound-
ary line of Santa Barbara county to the north-
cast corner of the same; thence southerly along
tlic line between the said Santa Barbara county
and Los .Angeles county to the Pacific ocean
and three miles therein; thence in a northwest-
erly direction to a point due south and three
niilc.^ distant from the mouth of Rincon creek;
tlience north to the point of beginning; and in-
chuling the islands of Anacapa and San Nic-

The bill provided for the appointment of five
conuuissioncrs to effect a county organization.
Rarlv in Tanuarv the governor appointed
Thomas R.Bard, S. r.ristol, W. D. F. Richards,
.\. C;. Escandon and C. W. Tliacker.

.\ special election was called for February 25,
1873. to elect county and township officers. The
total vote cast was 608 and the following were
declared elected:

T. l^farion Rrooks. District Attorney.

I". Atollcda. Coiinlv Clerk.

Frank rolcrson. SlierilT.

Jcilni 7.. Barnctt. Connty Assessor.

!■". .\. Edwards, Connty Treasurer.

C. J. Do Merritle, County Surveyor.

F. S. S. Bncknian. County Superintendent of Schools.

Dr. C. L. Bard, Coroner.

The supervisors were James Daly of the first
district, a hold-over from Santa Barbara; J. A.
Conuwav of the second, and C. W. Tliacker of

17G

IllSTORICAl. AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the third district. All the officers except the cor-
oner were Democrats. The coroner had no op-
position or he, too, would have been over-
whelmed by the Democratic tidal wave. Pablo
de la Guerra was the district judge of the sec-
ond district — San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara
and Ventura. Milton Wasson was county judge.
Frank Molleda, county clerk, died a few weeks
after his election and S. M. W. Easley was ap-
pointed to fill the vacancy. The officers having
all qualified and filed their bonds, the county of
Ventura opened for business March 14, 1873.

The offices of the county officials except that
of the treasurer were located in a rented build-
ing on the corner of Main and Palm streets
in what was known as Spear's Hall. San Buena-
ventura owned a jail and this was used jointly
by the town and county until the county jail
was built. A plat for a court house square in
the old mission orchard was deeded to the
county by Bishop Amat; and in 1873 bonds
were issued to the amount of $6,000 by the
county; the town donating $4,000 for the pur-
pose of building a court house and jail. The

project of building a court house in San Buena-
ventura aroused the opposition of other towns
ambitious to be the county seat (particularly
Saticoy and Hueneme), and a court house war
was on with all its bitterness. The court house
nevertheless was built among the century-old
olives in the mission garden; and, although the
mutterings of the discontented towns were
heard for years afterwards, it availed them noth-
ing. It is not probable that any one of the as-
pirants of early days will ever become the seat
of county government. The main building of
the court house was completed in 1874; a wing
was added in 1878, and in 1884 four rooms were
added to the west end.

During the years of 1872 and 1873 business
was active in San Buenaventura and throughout
the county. New buildings were going up, prop-
erty changing hands, and the old town after its
sleep of a century awoke from its lotus dream
of ease to find itself metamorphosed from a
sleepy, half-Indian, half-]\Iexican hamlet to a
bustling, wide-awake, progressive American
town.

CHAPTER XXXI.

VENTURA COUNTY-Continued.

ANNALS OF VENTURA TOWN AND COUNTY.

EARLY in 1872 San Buenaventura dis-
trict issued school bonds to the amount
of $10,000 to build a new school house.
The bonds were sold and the corner-stone of the
building laid September 16, 1872. The number
of school census children in the county in 1872
was 809. of whicli 323 were in the town of Ven-
tura.

The first murder in the new county was com-
mitted March 3, 1873. In a dispute over land
boundaries George Hargen shot and killed
George Martin, on the Colonia rancho. Har-
gen, after the murder, attempted to escape by
flight. He was followed by some of his neigh-
bors, overtaken, arrested and taken back to the
scene of the murder. He was confined in a small
house and closely guarded. An inquest was
held on the body of Martin and the verdict was
that he had been murdered by Hargen without
provocation. Martin was a peaceable man and
a good citizen, Hargen a quarrelsome and dan-
gerous fellow. /\fter the inquest, Hargen was
taken to a lone tree on the ranch and hanged.
He showed no penitence for his deed, but ex-
pressed himself glad that he had killed 'Martin.
No effort was ever made tn arrest the visrilantcs.

It was generally conceded that Hargen had re-
ceived his just deserts.

The year of 1874 was one of abundant rain-
fall ; crops were good, prices of grain and stock
high, immigrants were coming and the city and
county were riding on the wave of prosperity.
The first boom was on. The town had grown
rapidly. Its population was about 1,000.

The Ventura Library Association was incor-
porated November 23, 1874. The incorporators
were Milton Wasson, James Dalv, C. G. Finnev,
L. F. Eastin. G. S. Gilbert, Jr.; C. H. Baily, J. J.
Sheridan, T. B. Steplton and L. C. Granges. .Ml
members paid $5 a year to the support of the
library; those not members were allowed the
privilege of drawing books on the payment of
twenty-five cents per month. A room was se-
cured, and with the proceeds of a fair and festi-
val was fitted up with shelves and furniture. Six
hundred volumes were bought and the library
opened. It was kept open until 1878, when,
becoming involved in debt, it was closed. The
library trustees, Messrs. James Daly. M. H.
Gay, C. H. Baily, L. F. Eastin and J. J. Sheridan,
made a proposition to the board of town trus-
tees to transfer the assets of the association to
the town, provided the town trustees would pay
the library indebU'diicss and agree to levy a tax

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

17?

for the support of the library in accordance with
the state law providing for a library fund in in-
corporated cities and towns. The town board
accepted the proposition and took charge of the
library August 21, 1878. J. F. Newby was ap-
pointed librarian and held the office until Febru-
ary, 1888. The town owns' its own library build-
ing, which is a part of the city hall. New books
are added as means will allow. The library is in
charge of Miss Florence Vandever, who is a
very efficient and competent librarian.

In 1875 the town and the county had grown
populous enough to support another newspa-
per. J. H. Bradley had done good work with the
Signal, the pioneer newspaper founded in 1871.
He made it a model country newspaper. His
health failed and in 1873 he disposed of his in-
terest in it to E. Shepherd and J. J. Sheridan.
They kept up the early reputation of the paper.
The first number of the Daily Ventura l-'rcc
Press was issued November 14, 1875. It was
published by O. P. Hoddy. The subscription
price of the daily was $8; weekly, $3. In his
salutatory, the editor says: "In conducting the
Free Press we shall endeavor to the best of our
ability to be a champion and friend of the peo-
ple." The daily was a four-page, eight-column
blanket sheet. The editor was often driven to
desperation to fill his local columns with news
items. The town was small, the people were
intent on their own business and it was the same
wearying round of sameness day after day. At
the end of an uneventful week the editor utters
this wail: "If ever in the publication of a local
paper we were driven to desperation in search
of items we are this week. Not even a dog fight
has occurred to relieve the monotony. We have
felt almost justified in placing a man on the
watch for wild geese or sending a reporter to
the clam beds."

February 19, 1876, H. G. McLean became
proprietor of the daily and weekly free Press.
With the advent of a rival paper a newspaper
war broke out. There was no scarcity of items
after that. There was perhaps no more news,
but there was more noise. People never quarrel
silently. Expletives, hot with wrath or icy with
irony, were hurled back and forth from sanctum
to sanctum. During the famous More murder
trial the rival papers assailed each other vi-
ciously, the Signal scathingly condemning the
murder and the Free Press excusing it.

The Monumentals, a fire company, was or-
ganized in 1875; B. F. Williams, president; L.
F. Eastin, secretary, and R. G. Surdam, fore-
man.

The Gas Company was organized the same
year; J. M. Miller, president; L. F. Eastin, sec-
retary.

February 25, 1876, the steamer "Kalorama,"
491 tons' burden, belonging to the Coast Steam-
ship Company, was lost. While lying at Wolf-
son's wharf, on account of the rough sea, she
chafed against the wharf and was ordered to
move out to the floating buoy. On the way
thither her screw fouled with the mooring rope
and left the vessel at the mercy of the wind,
v.'hich drove her ashore. As she lay on the beach
her heavy machinery broke loose in her hull.
The loose machinery and the beating of the
waves broke her to pieces. The loss was esti-
mated at $77,500.

In 1877 occurred the murder of T. Wallace
JMore. The excitement, prejudices and politi-
cal issues even, that arose out of the varying
circumstances connected with the trial of the
conspirators made this one of the most cele-
brated cases in the criminal annals of Cali-
fornia. Thomas Wallace More, by purchase
from the old Californian families, had acquired
large land holdings in the Santa Clara valley.
ITe and his three brothers at one time owned
a tract thirty-two miles long, bordering on the
Santa Clara river. Among his purchases was
the Sespe rancho, originally granted to Don
Carlos Carrillo in 1829. More bought this grant
in 1874, paying in full for six leagues the
amount of land the grant was supposed to con-
tain. The United States Land Commission had
confirmed the grant in 1853 for this amount.
The United States, as adverse claimant, ap-
pealed the case to the United States district
court. When the plat was brought into court
it was found that the number of leagues had
been changed from two to six at some time dur-
ing the existence of the grant. More, to prevent
the w'hole grant from being rejected, consented
to take two leagues; the remaining four leagues
Iieing government land, was open to settlement
and about forty squatters located on it. Fre-
c|uent disputes arose between More and the
squatters. The ill feeling between them was
intensified by More attempting to buy the four
leagues from the government under an act
passed subsequent to the rejection.

On the night of the 23d of March, 1S77, More
was sleeping at the ranch house on his grant.
About midnight the barn was discovered on fire
and he and his hired man rushed out to save the
contents of the building. More was shot down
as lie came into the light by some masked men,
and while lying on the ground begging for his
life was riddled with bullets. Suspicion fell upon
the squatters. To avert it they held a meeting
and some of the murderers were loudest in their
condemnation of it. and passed resolutions de-
notuicing it and offering their assistance in fer-
reting out the murderers.

178

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Austin Broiii, one of the Sespe settlers, hav-
ing quarreled with Curlee, one of the conspira-
tors, revealed to the administrator of the More
estate the names of those who had conspired to
kill More. As a result of these revelations and
sonic other evidence obtained by the authorities,
F. A. Spraguc, J. S. Churchhill, J. F. Curlee,
Jesse M. Jones, Ivory D. Lord, Charles McCart,
H. Cook and J. A. Swanson were arrested. N. H.
Hickerson, chairman of the meeting at which
the resolutions were passed, being on his death
bed, also made some revelations. After the ar-
rest Jesse M. Jones turned state's evidence. On
trial Sprague and Curlee were found guilty.
Sprague was sentenced to be hanged and Cur-
lee to imprisonment for life. On the trial of
Lord the jury disagreed. When the trial of the
next conspirator was begun, Jones, a weak and
unscrupulous fellow, having evidently been in-
duced to do so by purchase or persuasion, re-
tracted his former evidence and admitted that he
had perjured himself. As it was impossible to
convict without his testimony, the others were
discharged. Sprague's sentence was commuted
to imprisonment for life. Stoneman, when gov-
ernor, pardoned him. Curlee obtained a new
trial, and the jury disagreeing, his case was
finally dismissed. Jones' financial circumstances
were greatly improved by his connection with
the plot.

The year 1877 was one of disasters to Ventura
both by sea and land. Two vessels were wrecked
in the bay that year. The brig Crimea, 223
tons' burden, loaded with lumber, while made
fast to the wharf, parted her cable and was driven
ashore by the heavy northwesterly gale prevail-
ing at the time. The loss was estimated at

$(),200.

Deccmljcr i, 1S77, the brig I,ucy Ann. 200
tons' burden, parted her mooring during a vio-
lent northwester and was broken to pieces. One
life was lost. The vessel was valued at $6,500.

The year 1877 was one of the dreaded dry
years. After the almost total destruction of
cattle-raising in the "famine years" of 1863 and
1864 the sheep industry came to the front in
Southern California. The high price of wool
in the years immediately following the close of
tlie Civil war. the rapidity with which sheep mul-
tiplied and the small cost of their maintenance
made the business of wool-growing very profit-
able. As the agricultural lands of the valleys
were utilized for gi-ain-growing the ranges were
curtailed and the sheep were crowded back on
the mesas and foothills. When drought came
the feed on these was soon exhausted and sheep
were dying by thousands. On the island of
Santa Cru7. alone 25,000 starved to death. On
the main land whole droves perished. Some

of the owners drove their sheep to Arizona and
Southern Utah and thus saved a remnant of
their flocks. Others depending on a late rainfall
delayed their departure until too late, and at-
teni])ting to cross the deserts with their starving
bands lost them all. The dry year put a tempo-
rary check to the prosperity the county had Ijecn
enjoying for several years.

In 1879 the assessed value of the property
of the county was $3,399,000. The land under
cultivation was estimated by the county assessor
at 75,000 acres. Of this amount about one-half
was sown in barley; corn came next and wheat
third, the three cereals monopolizing about
60,000 acres of the cultivated lands; while the
bean, now one of the great agricultural staples,
only occupied 1,800 acres, and the sugar beet
was then unknown among the products of the
county.

The great flood of 1884 swept down through
the Soledad caiion and carried the Southern Pa-
cific Railroad track out of the canon down the
Santa Clara river to the sea. Out beyond the
mouth of the river for several days during the
flood a great raft made up of bridge timbers, tics
and telegraph poles, the wreckage of the rail-
road, was tossed back and forth by the river
current and the breakers. When the flood sub-
sided this flotsam was cast on the beach or car-
ried out to sea. The Santa Clara river spread
out over the valley and for a time rivaled tlie
Father of Waters during a spring rise. The
flood did but very little damage in \^entura
county.

In 1886 the construction of the coast line
of the Southern Pacific Railroad was begun at
Saugus. a station on the main road from Los
Angeles to San Francisco. Work was puslied
rapidly down the Santa Clara valley, and early
in 1887 the road was completed to San Buena-
ventura. The reaction from the debilitating ef-
fects of l)ank failures on the coast, dry years
and the low prices of grain did not begin till
nbout 1882; from that on there was a steady
advance in the price of real estate. With the
advent of the railroad in 1887 it went up with
a bound. The real estate agent became very
much in evidence. Wbat the town or the county
lacked in actual conditions his vivid imagination
supplied. On every side was evidence of growth
and progress. The magnificent Hotel Rose was
built at a cost of $i20,coo. To prevent business
from drifting up town too rapidly a syndicate
of down-town property holders built the Ana-
capa Hotel. Streets were graded, sidewalks
laitl, a theater built and the town assumed met-
ropolitan airs.

The railroad reached Santa Fiarbara in .Au-
gust, 1S87, and there stopped. The halt would

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

179

not be long. The gap between the northern and
southern ends would soon be closed, so the real
estate boomers said. Besides, the Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe had surveyed a route from
Santa Monica to San Buenaventura, then up the
river of the same name, crossing the divide to
the Santa Ynez, down its valley and by way of
the Salinas valley and San Jose to San Fran-
cisco. Rivalry between the two roads would
force them to hurry up the work. San Buena-
ventura on two main lines would become a great
railroad center. But the Santa Fe did not ma-
terialize; the Southern Pacific remained station-
ary and the gap was wide open. Hope deferred
made the heart of the real estate agent sick.
The boom subsided and San Buenaventura
awoke from a dream to the reality that she was
not a great railroad center.

In 1890 the Federal census gave the town a
population of 3,869, a very healthy growth for
the decade. The population of the county was
10,071. The total number of school census chil-
dren between five and seventeen was 2,703, of
whom 1,962 attended school.

September i, 1890, the town was lighted by
electricity.

The Ventura County Pioneer Society was
organized September 19, 1891. Dr. C. L. Bard
was made president and L. F. Eastin secretary.
The vice-presidents were John Barry, J. Ho-
bart, K. P. Grant, Thomas A. Rice and J. A.
Conaway. James Daly was chosen treasurer and
A. J. Snodgrass marshal. All male residents of
the county, June 2, 1873, were made eligible
to membership. Sixty-two members signed the
rolls the first evening.

F. S. S. Buckman, the first superintendent of
schools of Ventura county, was assassinated in
San Francisco by a man named Daly. He shot
Buckman in the back, mistaking him for his
(Buckman's) brother, with whom he had a quar-
rel. Daly was tried, found guilty and sentenced
to the state's prison for life.

December 29, 1891, Jose de la Rosa, the first
printer to set type in California, died in the
town of Ventura. He brought a printing press
and font of type to Monterey in 1834, and
printed the first book ever issued in California.
He was born in the pueblo of Los Angeles,
Old Mexico, and lacked but eight days of being
103 years old. At the time of his death he was
the oldest printer in the world. On the press
he brought was printed the first newspaper pub-
lished in California, The Californian, published
by Semple & Colton, August 15, 1846.

The railroad to NordhofT was completed in
■1892.

July 9, 1895, an election was held to vote upon
the proposition of bonds to the amount of

$106,500 to purchase the property of the Santa
Ana Water Company. The bond issue was car-
ried by a vote. of about seven to one in favor.
On the question of issuing bonds in the sum of
$23,500 to purchase the arc light system of the
Ventura Land and Power Company, submitted
the same day, the vote stood six to one in favor.
The proposition to purchase the water system
was afterwards rejected by the town trustees on
account of defective title so it was claimed.

The number of census children in the county
in 1895 was 3,592. Two high schools had been
established, Ventura and Santa Paula. The as-
sessed valuation of the county in 1895 was
$8,236,147. It was estimated that the county in
1895 produced 2,600 carloads of beans valued at
$1,100,000.

The year 1898 marked the beginning of a
new industry and the introduction of a new
agricultural product into the county. The Pa-
cific Beet Sugar Company erected a sugar fac-
tory and refinery at Oxnard and inaugurated
the cultivation of the sugar beet. Oxnard was
founded in Januai-y, 1898. The population of
^''entura county, according to the Federal cen-
sus of 1900, was 14.367, an increase of 4,298 in
ten years, or about thirty per cent; that of San
Buenaventura 2,470; of Santa Paula, 1,047; of
Oxnard, 1,000.

OTHER TOWNS.

Huencme or Wynema, as the name was for-
merly spelled, is an Indian word, meaning a rest-
ing place, or place of security, and was so named
by the Indians because in this bay or harbor
thcv found a resting place from adverse winds.
The town was founded in June, 1870, by W. E.
Barnard, G. S. Gilbert and H. P. Flint. It was
the first town really founded in the district,
which later formed Ventura county. San Buena-
ventura, the oldest town of the district, grew
up around the mission without founding. Huen-
eme is twelve miles south of the county seat and
is situated on a coast projection of the Colonia
rancho. The Iluenemc Lighter Company es-
tablished a shipping port here in June, 1870,
and received shipments of lumber. During the
first year 60,000 sacks of grain were loaded on
vessels by means of lighters. Thomas R. Bard
and R. G. Surdani obtained a franchise to con-
struct a wharf at this point. Work was pushed
rapidly on the structure, and in .\ugust, 1871,
the wharf, 900 feet long and extending out to
where the water was 18 feet deep, was com-
pleted. (In 1897 the wharf was extended to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1, 600 feet, with an average depth of water at its
end of 30 feet.)

Upon the completion of its wharf, Hueneme
became one of the most important shipping
points on the southern coast. It was the outlet
by sea of the rich corn, barley and bean district
south of the Santa Clara river; and of the wheat
and fruit-growing valleys of the Las Posas, Simi
and Conejo. Hueneme is a town of warehouses.
It now has seven of these, with a capacity of
500,000 sacks. It has a bank with a capital of
$50,000, three churches and supports a weekly
newspaper.

NORDHOFF.

Nordhofif, named for the celebrated writer,
Charles Nordhofif, is located in the center of the
Ojai valley, fifteen miles north of San Buena-
ventura. It has an elevation of 900 feet above
the sea level. The town was founded in 1874.
R. G. Surdam purchased sixty acres, which he
subdivided into town lots. The town contains
several churches, a good school and a public
library. It supports a weekly newspaper, the
Ojai, established in 1890. The Ojai valley is a
famous citrus fruit belt. Nordhoff is connected
with San Buenaventura by railroad.

SANTA PAULA.

Santa Paula, sixteen miles easterly from San
Buenaventura, on the coast line of the Southern
Pacific Railroad, was founded in 1873 by
Blanchard and Bradley. It is located .at the junc-
tion of the Santa Paula creek with the Santa
Clara river and takes its name from the creek.
The first hotel opened in the town was Dod-
son's. Wiley Brothers opened the first mercan-
tile establishment. One business place that an-
tedated the founding of the town was Major
Gordon's saloon, "The Cross Roads." One Sep-
tember day in 1873, Tiburcio Vasquez and his
gang of robbers and cutthroats visited the ma-
jor's liquid dispensary and spent money for
drinks most lavishly. Their high toned liber-
ality and disregard for money made a deep im-
pression on tlie major; and after their departure
he was loud in their praise. "The most polished
gentlemen, sir, I ever met in California." The
major very nearly had a fit when an officer of
the law who was on their trail told the major
who his "polished gentlemen" were.

In 1875 Santa Paula contained two hotels,
two stores, two saloons, a postoffice and a flour-
ing mill half a mile above the business center.
The discovery of petroleum that year in Santa
Paula cafion greatly accelerated its growth. It
experienced another boom in 18S7, when the
railroad was built through the Inwn. Since 1873
Santa Paula h;is been the heridquarters of the

oil industry of Ventura county. The larger oil
companies have offices here and a pipe line from
the wells conveys the oil to Ventura. Besides
the support the town receives from the oil in-
dustry it is the center of a rich fruit growing
district. Both citrus and deciduous fruits are
produced here. Santa Paula is a city of
churches. It supports more different denom-
inations than any other town of its size in the
slate. The Universalists, Presbyterians, Catho-
lics, Baptists, Methodists, Episcopalians, Holi-
ness and Christians have church buildings, and
there are several other religious organizations
who have not yet erected buildings. The town
has an excellent high school. Two weekly news-
papers— the Chronicle, founded in 1886, and the
Sentinel — keep the people posted on the news
of the day.

Oxnard, named for Henry T. Oxnard, Presi-
dent of the American Beet Sugar Company, is
the youngest town in the county, but in rapidity
of growth it has distanced all competitors. Jan-
uary, 1898, it consisted of one lone house — a
structure of rough upright boards. In March,
two months later, there were seven buildings.
In Jime, 190 1, it boasted of an elegant house,
a bank, a $22,000 school house, a $16,000
Masonic Hall, a number of mercantile estab-
lishments, among them one carrying a $100,000
stock, a daily newspaper (the only one in the
county), a number of fine residences, a sugar
factory (the largest with one exception in the
world), three church buildings, one of the pretti-
est designed plazas in Southern California and
a population of 2,000. Its school census, taken
]\Iay, 1901, gave its school population 523, the
largest of any town in the county except that
of San Buenaventura which numbered 720.

The following, compiled from the Oxnard
Courier, gives a brief description of the sugar
factory: "The construction of the Oxnard Beet
Sugar Factory was begun early in 1898. The
main building is an immense structure. It is
121 feet in width by 401 in length and 90 feet
high. The sugar house, where the finished
jiroduct is stored, extends from the west end of
the building 220 feet, and is 65 feet in width.
The boiler house is 100x300 feet. Crude oil is
used for fuel and three iron tanks placed 700
feet away from the main building have a stor-
age capacity of 33,000 barrels each. The twin
steel smoke stacks are twelve feet each in
diameter at the base, and rise to a height of
155 feet. They constitute a landmark that can
be seen miles away. There are two vertical lime
kilns, one 05 feet high and the other 85 feet,
supplying i8t) tons of lime a day, which is used

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

in clarifying and purifying the beet juice in the
process of sugar making. The building, ma-
chinery, etc., cost $2,000,000. Oxnard and the
factory are connected by rail with the main line
of the Southern Pacific by a branch road to
Montalvo, distant five miles. The Oxnard Daily
Courier, founded May 8, 1901, published by
Charles A. Whitmore and edited by J. A. Whit-
more, is the only daily paper now published in
Ventura county. The Weekly Courier was
established in 1898.

EL RIO.

El Rio was formerly known as New Jerusalem.
It was founded by Simon Cohn in 1875. As
about all the business of the town was in the
hands of Hebrews, it took the name of the holy
city of the Jews, with a prefix. It has consider-
able business. There is no synagogue in it, but
it has a large Catholic church and parsonage.
The Methodists had a church building there,
but it has recently been removed to Oxnard.
El Rio is on the stage road between Montalvo
and Oxnard, and about half way between San
Buenaventura and Hueneme.

Montalvo, five miles by railroad easterly from
San Buenaventura, is a small town with one of
the Southern Pacific Milling Company's great
warehouses in it. It is in the center of the
apricot region. The Oxnard branch unites with
the main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad
here. It was laid out in 1887, when the railroad
Vvas built.

Saticoy, on the railroad nine miles east from
the county seat, was formerly known as the
Springs. It is the principal town of the Santa
Paula y Saticoy rancho. Saticoy and West
Saticoy, two different settlements, are practically
one for business. West Saticoy contains three
churches and a school building that cost $10,500.

Fillmore began its existence at the advent of
the railroad in 1887. From it is shipped the
famous brown building stone. It is surrounded
by oil derricks.

Bardsdale is on the old Sespe grant, and was
named for Thomas R. Bard, who sold 1,500
acres to R. G. Surdani. The latter laid out the
town in 1887.

Camulos Ranciio, made famous by Helen
Hunt Jackson in her story of Ramona, is in the
extreme eastern end of the county near the
railroad. Visitors have been debarred admit-
tance to the ranch house, as it was in danger
of being carried away piecemeal for relics.

Other post towns are Simi, thirty-four miles
from the county seat; Springville, fifteen miles
away; Piru City, thirty miles; Newberry Park,
a mountain town, and Timberville, also in the
mountains.

THE OIL industry.

Next to Ventura's magnificent agricultural
resources comes its wealth in petroleum. It is
the pioneer county in oil production. The first
attempt to utilize the oil from the seepages
which abound in various parts of the county was
made by George S. Gilbert in 1861. He put
up a small refinery on the Ojai rancho and a sim-
ilar one in the Santa Paula canon, and made a
fair quality of illuminating and lubricating oil.
The experiment did not pay; the cost of pro-
duction exceeded the profits.

In 1864, a company, composed of Leland Stan-
ford, A. P. Stanford, W. T. Coleman and Levi
Parsons, commenced operations in Wheeler
canon, Cache cafion, and at several other
points. They hoped to find light oil similar to
that of Pennsylvania. With the imperfect ma-
chinery for boring then in use, they could not
sink deep wells. Their development work was
done by running tunnels into the ridges where
the seepages showed the presence of oil. One
tunnel in Wheeler canon yielded fifteen barrels
of oil a day, but as it was a heavy black oil they
had no use for it. So the tunnel was abandoned
and work ceased.

In the same year, 1864, the California Petro-
leum Company, with a capital of $10,000,000,
was organized iu Pennsylvania by Col. Thomas
A. Scott, the great railroad magnate of that day.
The company purchased the Ojai, Colonia,
Calleguas, Simi, Las Posas and Guadalasca
ranchos. Machinery, tools, piping and every-
thing needed in well boring were purchased in
the east and shipped to California by water.
Thomas R. Bard, now United States Senator of
California, was sent to superintend the business
of the company. Some of the machinery was
lost while landing it at Hueneme. In June,
1865, the first well was begun in Ventura canon,
seven miles from San Buenaventura, near a
large pit of tar. It was not a success. Another
was bored, but was also a failure. After consid-
erable experimenting a gusher was struck, but
it soon ceased to gush. Several tunnels were
run into the hills. Some of these gave a fair
yield of black oil, but that was not what the
I'onnsylvanians were looking for. After four
years of experimenting without success, the
company retired from the oil business, having
sunk over $200,000 in prospecting.

About the time the Pennsylvania Company
abandoned the field, Messrs. Adams and Thayer
began prospecting. They had purchased land
in what is now Adams canon with the intention
of going into stock raising. From the oil indi-
cations they imagined that oil stock might be
the more profitable stock to raise. They devel-

182

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

oped several small wells. In 1876 they sunk a
well and obtained a fine quality of light oil, just
what prospectors for a decade or more had been
seeking. Later in the year the Pacific Coast Oil
Company made an important strike in oil of the
same quality. The oil business began now to
assume importance. In 1S83, Lyman Stewart,
an experienced Pennsylvania oil man, came to
California and shortly afterwards W. L. Hardi-
son came from the same state. They formed
the Hardison-Stewart Company. This con.ipany
and the Torrey canon and the Sespe companies
were later merged into the Union Oil Company
of California. One of the wells sunk by the
Hardison-Stewart Company is 2,800 feet deep.
Another in the same canon, bored in 1888, has
produced 122,000 barrels in a single year, w'orth
at that time $4 per barrel. Well No. 16 of the
Union Oil Company was a genuine gusher. It
was estimated that 10,000 barrels of oil ran to
waste before it could be capped. Oil develop-
ment has steadily progressed in Ventura for a
quarter of a century with no sign of decline.
The principal oil districts are Santa Paula caiion,
Adams caiion, Torrey canon, Sespe, Little Sespe,
and Piru.

The strikes of tlie later '70s developed the
first oil boom of Southern California. Wher-
ever a seepage showed, a claim was located,
then a company was formed and.stock sold. As
the boom progressed, sharpers sunk holes and
poured oil into them to entrap the confiding
into purchasing claims or stocks. The second
oil boom of Southern California, that of 1900,
is too recent and too well remembered by those
who were duped into purchasing wild-cat stock
to need recording here. History repeats itself
sometimes, and so do oil booms.

THEODO.SI.A B. SHEPHERD SEED AND rL.\NT CO.

On the block east of the Rose Hotel are the
floral gardens established in 1886 by Mrs. Theo-
dosia B. Shepherd. From small beginnings
the enterprise has grown to a large busi-
ness. From the gardens and seed farms
near by are annually shipped to eastern deal-
ers thousands of bulbs, 1)csidcs seeds and
plants in great quantities. By hybridization and
fertilization Mrs. Shepherd has produced a num-
ber of new and beautiful flowers, among which
may be named a new eschoscholtzia — -the Gold-
en West. Mrs. Shepherd's greatest work has
been with begonias, of which she has 300 varie-
ties, many of these prorluced liy crossings.

THE I.SLANDS OF VENTUKA COUNTY.

Ventura counly includes wilhin its area two
islands: Anncapa, cightci n miles from the

coast, and San Nicolas, distant eighty miles.
-Anacapa is seven miles long and one wide. It
IS uninhabited. There is no water upon it. On
the higher portions there is some vegetation,
upon which a band of sheep subsists, obtaining
water out of their feed. Father Gaballeria, in
his History of Santa Barbara, writing of the
Channel Islands, says: "One of them, formerly
called the uninhabited island, was named Ana-
capa, meaning deceptive vision. This name the
Indians had always applied to it. The Indians
were wont to ply between the coast and the
i.'^land with their canoes, and Anacapa island
presents a complete deception to the navigator.
At times the island seems quite near, when in
reality it is a long distance away; and again
it appears from afar a panorama brilliant with
rich vegetation, wdiile in fact it does not possess
sufficient water to supply life's needs. The
natives styled it for this reason Anacapa — false
appearance, deceptive, illusory."

In the Santa Barbara Gazette of November,
1856, I find this account of the massacre of the
Indians on San Nicolas Island by the Aleuts
of Russian America: "In 181 1 a ship owned
by Broodman & Pope, of Boston, commanded
by Capt. Whettemore, trading on this coast,
took from the port of Sitka, Russian America,
about thirty Kodiak Indians to the islands of
the Santa Barbara Channel for the purpose of
killing sea otter, which were very numerous on
these islands. Capt. Whettemore, after landing
the Kodiaks on the island and placing in their
hands firearms and the necessary implements
of tJie chase, sailed away to the coast of Lower
California and South America. In the absence
of the ship a dispute arose between the natives
and the newcomers on account of the seizure of
the females by the Kodiaks. The Kodiaks,
possessing more activity, endurance and know-l-
edge of war and having superior weapons,
slaughtered the native males, old and young,
without mercy.

"On the island of San Nicolas not a male, old
or young, was spared. At the end of a year
Capt. Wlietlemore returned, took the Kodiaks
on board and carried them back to Sitka. From
tliat period little is known of this island till 1836,
when Capt. Isaac Williams, collector of the port
of San Pedro, visited the island in a small vessel
and took on board all the Indians remaining,
except one woman who was left in the manner
stated by Capt. Russell in the California Maga-
zine. The Indians of the islands were of the
type of the coast Indians, and were no doubt
a part of them."

Retribution overtook Whittemore. His ship
was rnplured the following vear (1812') near the
Sandwicli Islands liy the British sliip of war

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

183

"Phcebe," and he was taken to England a pris-
oner of war.

The following is Capt. Russell's "Narrative
of a Woman Who Was Eighteen Years Alone
Upon the Island of San Nicolas, Coast of Cali-
fornia," referred to in the above extract from
the Santa Barbara Gazette. It was published
in Hutching's California Magazine, November,
1856, and probably is the earliest and one of the
most reliable accounts of the lone woman of
San Nicolas Island. I omit the introduction
wiiich does not directly apply to the subject, and
leave out the sentimental padding that the
author stufifed into the story.

"One evening while seated beside our quiet
camp fire, placidly smoking our pipes, Mr. Nid-
cver related to me the following remarkable
iiistory: Twenty years ago the whole of the
Indian tribes inhabiting this group of islands
were engaged in a fierce and exterminating war
with each other, and to such an extent was this
deadly hostility waged that already the popula-
tion had very much diminished and would in all
probability before many years become entirely
extinct. To prevent this, and at the same time
to ameliorate the condition of the Indians, the
fathers of the mission of Santa Barbara con-
ceived the idea of removing them to the main
land. I*"or this purpose they visited the islands
m company with a few partially civilized Indians
and explained to them the advantages of re-
moving to the mission. They finally consented
to go on promise of protection from their ene-
mies being given by the fathers.

Accordingly a small vessel was sent to the
different islands and the various tribes were
taken, one by one, to the mission of Santa
Barbara. But while the last of the Indians were
embarking at the island of San Nicolas and all
v.ere supposed to be on board, a child was miss-
ing, and its mother, after frantically looking
for it on the ship and adjacent rocks, rushed ofif
to the interior of the island to seek for it. A
storm was threatening, and the captain, after
delaying as long as he dared, put to sea. The
storm broke in all its fury, and the vessel, after
narrowly escaping shipwreck, landed its living-
cargo at Santa Barbara. Before the vessel could
return for the woman, it was wrecked and en-
tirely lost, and as no other could be obtained
at that time, the poor wonian had to remain
upon the island, where she lived alone for eigh-
teen years. After the discovery of gold it was
rumored that San Nicolas was inhabited. Sea
otter hunters had frequently found human foot-
prints on it. As the footprints were all alike
it was concluded that there was but one person
living on it, and many attempts were made to
find out wlio this strange being was. Mr. Nid-

evcr, of Santa Barbara, a pioneer who came to
California twenty-five years ago, took up the
search. He had been a Rocky Mountain trap-
per, and was as expert as an Indian in following
a trail. Visiting the island he discovered the
tracks and followed them until he saw among
the rocks of the island near the mouth of a cave
a singular object on its knees skinning a seal.
Upon approaching he found it to be a woman
clad in a dress of feathers. When she saw him
she jumped up, and with excessive joy ran to-
wards him and seemed almost beside herself
with delight at the sight once more of a human
being. In her hand she held a rude knife-blade
that she had made from a piece of old iron,
probably obtained from the fragment of some
wreck, and which she valued beyond anything
in her possession. She was unable to make
herself understood, except by signs. She will-
ingly accompanied her rescuer to Santa Barbara.
Father Gonzales of the mission tried to find
some of the Indians who had been taken from
the island eighteen years before, but none were
discovered, and none of the Santa Barbara
Indians understood her language.

"It appears from her narrative that after leav-
ing the vessel in search of her child she wan-
dered about for several hours, and when she
found it the wild dogs which infest the island,
even to the present day (1856), had killed and
nearly devoured it. When she returned to the
landing the vessel was gone with all her friends
and kindred.

"From day to day she lived in hope, beguiling
the weary hours in providing her wants. With
snares made of her hair she caught birds, and
with their skins, properly prepared, she made
her clothing; her needles were neatly made of
bone and cactus thorns ; her thread was of
sinews from the seal. In these and many other
articles found in her possession she exhibited
much of the native ingenuity she possessed.
Whether she still remembered her own lan-
guage or not will forever remain a mystery. She
was very gentle and kind, especially to children,
and nothing seemed to ])leasc her more than
to be near them.

"The sympathy felt for her welfare caused
the people to supjjly her, bountifully, with
everything she needed, and very imprudently
allowed her to eat almost anything she chose,
and the result was that in about six months after
her escape from her lonely exile she sickened
and diccl. having undoubtedly been killed by
kindness."

In the February number (1857) of Hutching's
ralifornia Magazine the editor, in an article on
The Indian Woman of San Nicolas, states that
George Nidever, the gentleman who discovered

184

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD,

the woman, had presented Capt. C. J. W. Rus-
sell on his recent visit to Santa Barbara with a
water-bottle made of grass, a stone mortar,
necklace and other things made by the woman
during her long and solitarj' residence on the
island. He further states: "There is upon this
island a good-sized cave in which she took up

her abode, and on the walls of which she had
kept a rude record of all the vessels that had
passed the island, and of all the most remarkable
occurrences in her lonely history, such as seeing
large quantities of seals, hailing of vessels in the
distance, etc."

CHAPTER XXXll.

ORANGE COUNTY.

BY an act of the legislature approved
March ii, 1889, the territory now form-
ing Orange county was cut off from the
southeastern portion of Los Angeles county.
The movement to form a new county out of
that portion was begun twenty years before it
was accomplished. The late Major Max Strobcl
of Anaheim was the originator of the scheme.
In the fall of i86g he drew up a bill creating
the county of Anaheim and making the town
of Anaheim the county-scat. The dividing line
between the old and the new county began at
a point in the Pacific ocean, three nautical miles
southwestward from the mouth of the old San
Gabriel river, thence running northeasterly, fol-
lowing the channel of that river to an intersec-
tion with the San Bernardino base line; thence
east on that line to the division line between Los
Angeles and San Bernardino counties.

Strobel had enlisted in his scheme the active
co-operation of some of the wealthiest pioneers
of the county. William Workman of the Puente,
Temple, Rubottom, Fryer, Don Juan Foster,
Ben Dryfus, A. Langenberger, and others,
favored ids project. Armed with numerously
signed petitions and abundantly supplied with
coin, Strol)el appeared in Sacramento at the
opening of the legislative session of 1869-70.
Early in the session his bill passed the assembly
with but little opposition. The hopes of the
divisionist rose high, the new county was as-
sured. Anaheim became a political Mecca for
oiifice-seeking pilgrims. Statesmen of Los Nie-
tos and place hunters from San Juan counselled
with the patriots of Anaheim, and parcelled out
the prospective county offices among them.

Then came a long delay. Opposition to the
scheme had shown itself in the senate. The
people of Los Angeles city had awakened to the
fact that they were about to be left with a large
area of mountains and deserts, and but very
little else.

The new county took in all of the fertile val-
leys of the Los Nietos, the San Jose and the
Santa Ana. The delay lengthened. Strobel was

hopeful, but the opposition was working most
vigorously. Gold would win, and gold he must
have or all would be lost. The envious and un-
charitable queried as to what had become of all
the coin Strobel had taken with him, and inti-
mated that he had been fighting the tiger in
the jungles of Sacramento and that the tiger
had the best of it. But the faithful gathered
together their hard earned shekels, and the pro-
ceeds of many a gallon of wine, the price of
many a bronco and many a bullock were sent
to Strobel that he might convince the honest
legislators of the richness and resources of the
new county.

Another long delay and anxiety that was cruel
to the waiting statesmen on the banks of the
Santa Ana. Then one day in the ides of March
the lumbering old stage coach, with its tri-
weekly mail, rolled into the embryo capital of
the new county. The would-be officeholders
gatlicred at the postoffice, eager for the latest
news from Sacramento. It came in a letter from
Strobel. The bill had been defeated in the sen-
ate, but he was working for a reconsideration
and would be sure of success if more money
were sent. To Strobel's last appeal oven the
most faithful were dumb.

Major Max Strobel. the originator of the
division scheme and its most earnest advocate
in its early stages, deserves more than a passing
notice. A soldier of fortune and a Machiavel
in politics, he was always on the losing side. He
was a man of versatile genius and varied re-
sources, a lawyer, an editor, a civil engineer, an
accomplished linguist and a man of education.
Me was a German by birth, and reputed to be
of aristocratic lineage. A compatriot of Carl
Schurtz and Sigel in the German revolution of
'48, on the failure of that movement, wdth
Sigel, his intimate friend, he fled to this country,
lie drifted down to Nicaragua, and for a time
filibustered with Walker. He finally located in
.Anaheim, where he bought a vineyard and en-
gaged in wine making. But the life of a vine-
yardist was too narrow and contracted for his

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

185

genius; he was constantly branching out into
new projects. He was one of the pioneer petro-
leum prospectors of the state. In 1867 he sunk
a great hole in Brea canon, where, if he did not
strike oil, he did strike the bottom of the purses
of those whom he enlisted in his scheme. Even
m this project his ill luck followed him. In the
immediate vicinity of where he bored for oil
thirty-four years ago, oil gushers abound to-day
;ind fortunes have been made in oil.

After his failure to divide the county he start-
ed a newspaper in Anaheim. It was to be the
organ of county division. It succeeded in divid-
ing the divisionists into two factions, the Strobe!
and the anti-Strobel, who waged a wordy war
against each other through the columns of their
respective organs, the .-Idrocate and the Gazette.
Strobel's organ, The -People's Advocate, died
from some cause, probably insufficient nutrition,
and was buried in the grave of journalistic fail-
ures. Strobel's last venture was the sale of
Santa Catalina Island to European capital-
ists.

Supplied with funds by the owners and rich
mineral specimens from the island, he sailed to
England and located in London. He succeeded
in convincing a syndicate of English capitalists
of the mineral wealth and other resources of the
island, and negotiated its sale for a million dol-
lars. y\ contract was drawn up and an hour set
on the next day when the parties were to sign
and the money to be paid. When the hour
arrived for closing the transaction Strobel did
not appear. Search was made for him. He was
found in his room dead, dead on the very eve
of success, for the sale of the island would have
made him rich. Negotiations for the island were
broken off by the death of Strobel. Nearly
twenty years after his death it was sold for one-
quarter of what he was to receive.

Strobel might be said to be the father of
Orange county. He was the progenitor of the
scheme that resulted in its creation, although
he died years before it was born. After the
death of Strobel, the management of the county
division scheme was placed in the hands of a
committee. The name was changed from the
county of Anaheim to the county of Orange.
the committee arguing that immigrants would
be attracted by the name, forgetful of the fact
that there were only about fifty other places
named Orange in the United States. The north-
eastern boundaries of the prospective county
were contracted so as to leave out the San Jose
valley, the people of that valley electing to re-
main in the old county. A bill creating the
county of Orange was introduced into the legis-
lative session of 1872, but it never reached a
vote.

In 1873 the division question drifted into poli-
tics. A county division convention was held in
Anaheim, and a man by the name of Bush from
Santa Ana was nominated for the assembly.
The policy of the divisionists was to force one
or the other of the political parties to place
Bush on its ticket to secure the division vote.
In their conventions neither the Democratic nor
the Republican party took any notice of Bush's
candidacy. Ignored by both parties, he made
an independent campaign, received a few votes
and then passed out of the political arena for-
ever.

In the legislature of 1874, Wiseman, nick-
named the "Broadaxe" from the vigorous way
he hewed the Queen's English, appeared as the
champion of county division. Neither his
pathetic appeals for the oppressed people of the
prospective county of Orange nor his superla-
tive denunciations of their oppressors, the coun-
ty officials of Los Angeles, convinced the law-
makers at Sacramento that the people were suf-
fering for the want of a new county.

.Another change was made in boundaries and
name. The northern line of the prospective
county drifted southward to the new San Gabriel
river. In 1878 a bill to create the county of
Santa Ana and making Anaheim the seat of its
government was drafted. The name was a con-
cession to Santa Ana, a concession, however,
that failed to conciliate. The town of Santa
Ana, that had no existence when Strobel pro-
mulgated the division scheme in 1869, had now
grown to be a formidable rival of Anaheim. It
was ambitious to become a. county scat itself.
and vigorously combated the division projects
of its rival. Local jealousies and the opposition
of Los Angeles defeated the measure in the
legislature.

In 1881 another division effort was made.
Anaheim patched up a truce with her rival,
Santa Ana. The vineyard city was to have the
scat of government for two years, then it was
to be a free-for-all scramble among all the towns
and the one that could corral the most votes was
henceforth to be the capital of the county of
Santa Ana. Bills were introduced in both the
senate and the assembly, but died on the files,
smothered by "slickens" (mining debris), the
absorbing question of that session.

The question of county division fell into a
state of "innocuous desuetude." The rivals,
Anaheim and Santa Ana, were preparing for the
final struggle. It came in 1889. Col. E. E.
Edwards, a resident of Santa Ana, was elected
one of the members of the assembly from Los
Angeles county. He introduced a bill to create
the county of Orange and leaving tlic location
of the county seat to a vote of the people of the

ISG

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

new county. The northern boundary line had
again drifted southward. Coyote creek had be-
come the Rubicon, and it was only four miles
north of Anaheim. Santa Ana in the change
of boundaries had outgeneraled her rival and
virtually decided the county seat question
against her opponent. For twenty years Ana-
heim had contended for county division. Now
she opposed it, but in vain. The bill passed and
was approved by the governor. In the county
seat question Santa Ana won over all of her
rivals. The county of Orange set up in business
for itself, August i, i88g, and so ended the long-
est contest over the formation of a new county
of any in the history of the state.

An election for county ofificers was held July
17, 1889, and the following named officials were
chosen: Superior judge, J. W. Towner; sheriff
and tax collector, R. T. Harris; district attor-
ney, E. E. Edwards; county clerk, R. O. Wick-
ham; auditor and recorder, G. E. Foster; treas-
urer, W. B. Wall; county assessor, Fred C.
Smythc; county superintendent of schools, J. P.
Greeley; county surveyor, S. O. Wood; coroner
and public administrator, I. D. Mills; super-
visors, William H. Spurgeon, S. Armor, S. A.
Littlefield, Jacob Ross and A. Guy Smith.

Orange county is Iwunded north by Los
Angeles county, east by Riverside, south by
San Diego and west by the Pacific ocean. It
has an area of 675 square miles, or 432,000
acres. All the area of Orange county, with the
exception of a few hundred acres of mountain
land, was covered by Spanish land grants. The
old time ranchos south of the Santa Ana river
except the Santiago dc Santa Ana belonged to
the Mission San Juan Capistrano; those north
were attached to the Mission San Gabriel. After
the secularization of the mission, these ranchos,
when they became depleted of cattle and horses,
were granted by the governor on recommenda-
tion of the ayuntamiento of Los .\ngeles to
Jipplicants who could comply with the law: that
is, make certain improvements and stock the
rancho with cattle.

SPANl.SII RANCHOS IN ORANGE COUNTY.

The following named comprises the ranchos
within the limits of Orange county: Mission
Vieja or La Paz, Trabuco, Boca de La Plava,
El Sobrante, Niguel, Canada de los Alisos,
Lomas de Santiago, San Joaquin, Santiago de
Santa Ana, La Bolsa Chico, Las Bolsas, half of
tlic Los Alamitos, part of the Los Coyotes, San
Juan Cajon de Santa Ana, Cajon de Santa Ana,
i)art of La Brea and a part of La Ilabra.

The Rancho Santiago de Santa .\na, on which
the cities of Santa Ana, Orange, Tustin and
several smaller towns arc located, is one of the

oldest grants in California. Col. J. J. Warner,
writing in 1876, says, "During the first quarter
of the present century, the Santiago de Santa
Ana rancho was universally known among
tlic people inhabiting the country, as one of the
oldest ranchos, and there are many good rea-
sons for the belief that its founding was con-
temporary with that of San Rafael." (The San
Rafael rancho lying on the left bank of the Los
Angeles river and extending to the Arroyo Scco
was granted by Governor Pedro Pages, October
20, 1784, to Jose Maria Verdugo.)

"There is no room to doubt the statement
that a grant of the Santiago de Santa Ana tract
to Jose Antonio Yorba was made in 1810 by
Gov. Jose Joaquin de Arrillaga, but in a parti-
tion suit in the district court for this county, a
few years ago, for the partition of that tract of
land among the heirs and claimants, testimony
was introduced which showed that the original
occupant of that tract was N. Grijalva, who, as
also his wife, died leaving only two children, both
daughters; that one of these daughters married
Jose Antonio Yorba and the other Juan Palilo
Peralta, and it is far more probable that the
former of these two latter persons obtained a
new or confirmed grant from Arrillaga in 1810
tlian that Grijalva should have established him-
self upon the tract without having obtained a
grant from the governor. In this partition suit
the court recognized the claim of the Peraltas
as descendants of the original proprietor of the
land."

The boundaries of the Santiago de Santa Ana
as defined in the grant made in 1810, were the
summit of the mountains on the northeast, the
Santa Ana river on the west, the ocean on the
south, and a line running from what is now
Newport bay to a certain Red Hill for the
southwest boundary. The rancho contained
62,000 acres. During the great flood of 1825,
the Santa Ana river left its old channel at a point
about three miles easterly of where Orange now
stands and cut a new channel for itself some
distance southeasterly from its former one.
Between the two channels there was about
13,000 acres. The rancho was surveyed by a
I'nited States dejuity surveyor, and the new
channel was taken as its western boundary,
although all the old residents claimed that the
old channel was the true western boundary. The
raiiclii) Las I'xilsas was llijated <i\'cr llic land
Ih'I Weill the clianncls.

THE SQUATTER WAR.

In the early '70s, a number of settlers squat-
ted on this land, claiming that it was govern-
ment land. The land was covered with a heavy
growth of willov>s and the squatters made a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

187

living l^y cutting and selling the timber for fire
wood.

The squatters soon found that they could not
hold the tract as government land, for since the
river was the dividing line between Las Bolsas
and the Santiago, the land must be in one or the
oiher ranches. Their next move was to buy the
claims of the Yorba heirs to all lands outside
of that portion of the Santiago dc Santa Ana
that had been partitioned among the heirs. The
legal contest between the scjuatters and the Los
Angeles and San Bernardino Land Company,
the owners of the Bolsas grant, was waged in
all the courts up to the supreme court of the
United States. In that court Judge Stephen J.
Field decided that since a United States patent
had l)ecn issued to the Bolsas first it held over
the Santiago, which, although the older grant,
had been patented later than the other. He re-
quired of the settlers a bond of $75,000 before
he would grant an appeal. This ended the
squatter war. They could not put up the bond.
The. settlers were evicted by the United States
marshal and the land company, after a decade
of litigation, obtained possession of the disputed
territory, but the timber was gone. The squat-
ters rcallv had the best of it.

Orange county has most excellent public
schools. Their efficiency is largely due to the
untiring labors of Prof. J. P. Greeley, who has
held the office of county school superintendent
since the organization of the county. Through
the efforts of Prof. Greeley the county possesses
a larger teachers' library than any other coimty
in the state. There are 2,300 volumes in the
library. According to the first school census
taken after the organization of the county (that
of 1S90) there were 4,011 children between the
ages of five and seventeen. There were at that
time in the county thirty-nine school districts
and seventy-four teachers. The school census
of 1900 gives 5,887 between the ages of five and
seventeen. When the county was organized
there was not a high school within its limits;
now there are three.

The high school of Santa .\na was organized
September, 1891. -V fine new building, costing
about $30,000, was completed in 1900. Ten
teachers are employed in the school. The total
enrollment of pupils last year (1900-01) was
243

Anaheim high school was organized in iSijS.
It employs four teachers and has an attendance
of sixty-six pupils. Bonds have been issued for
the erection of a high school building costing
$12,500. The corner stone of the new higli
school was laid July 4, 1901.

Fullerton high school is made up of a union
of six districts. It employs four teachers and
has an enrollment of sixty-two pupils. A two-
story high school building was completed and
occupied in 1898.

The educational afTairs of the city of Santa
.Ana arc managed by a board of education con-
sisting of five members. There are six primary
and grammar school buildings. Thirty teachers
are employed in these schools. Prof. J. C. Tem-
pleton is the city superintendent and also the
principal of the high school.

The pioneer school of the section now com-
prising Orange county was the Upper Santa
Ana, now Yorba. The first school opened in
it was taught by T. J. Scully in 1857. Hon.
William M. McFadden, school superintendent
of Los Angeles comity from 1870 to 1874, taught
in the district a number of years. About fifteen
Ncars ago the name of the district was changed
to Yorba, the city of .Santa Ana taking the
former name of the pioneer district.

Since the county set up in business for itself
it has built a handsome court house costing over
$100,000. The affairs of the county have been
well managed. There has been a steady growth
in production and a healthy increase in popula-
tion. The census of i8go gave the population
of the county at 13,589. In 1900 it had increased
to i9,6o''>, a gain of over thirty-three per cent.
Although one of the smallest counties in the
state, it ranks among the highest in fruit produc-
tion. Over 1,500 car loads of citrus fruits are
shipped out of the county annually, bringing a
return of nearly lialf a million dollars. The dried
fruits amount to about 2,000 tons.

The Orange County Park in the Santiago
canon is one of the finest natural parks in tlie
state. The park is the gift of James Irvine
and contains 160 acres, wooded with magnificent
oaks and sycamores.

Thirty-one years ago, when the author first
visited the now famous peat lands of the West-
minster and Bolsas country, these lands were
known as cienagas, and were regarded as worth-
less. These cienagas were tracts of swampy
lands containing usually ponds of water in the
middle skirted around with a rank growth of
willows, tules and nettles. During the rainy
season the entire area of the cicnaga was over-
llowed. In the fall and winter these marshy
lauds well' the resorts of millions of wild geese;
llie\- were also the haunts of wild ducks and
other water fowl, and were the favorite hunting
grounds of the sportsmen of that day. The
early settlers counted the cienagas as so much
waste l.Tiid, or rather as worse than waste, for

ISS

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the drier portions of these swamps were the
hirking places of wild cats, coyotes, coons and
other prowlers wdiich preyed upon the settler's
pigs and poultry.

Later on the larger of these swamps became
the feeding places of wild iiogs that subsisted
upon the tule roots and wild celery growing
there. About twenty years ago some of the
smaller of these marshes were drained, cleared
of their brush and vegetable growth and planted
to corn. The yield was so prolific that these
lands rose rapidly in value. The settlers organ-
ized drainage districts and constructed canals
to carry off the water, and these swamps were
reclaimed. They became the most valuable corn
and potato lands in the county. The abundant
growth of wild celery upon which the wild hogs
had fed and fattened before the reclamation of
the cienagas indirectly led to the experiment of
growing tame celery upon them for the eastern
markets.

The following sketch of the origin and growth
of the celery industry of Orange county is com-
piled from the Santa Ana Blade's Celery edition
of February 7, 1901 : "The first experiment in
celery culture on the peat lands was made in
1 89 1 on a tract of land south of Westminster
known locally as the Snow & Adams place, on
which several thousand dollars was expended,
but without satisfactory results. E. A. Curtis,
D. E. Smeltzer and others were the prime mov-
ers in making the experiment the outcome of
which was such a flat failure that all but Mr.
Curtis gave up the idea. Mr. Curtis' pet scheme
came to fruition sooner than was anticipated,
for about this time he entered the employ of the
Earl Fruit Company, and with the consent of
the firm resolved to again give cclcrv culture a
trial.

"The ]iroposition had many drawbacks, not
least of which was the scarcity of help to culti-
vate the crop and the entire hck of experience
in the laliorcrs available. In this extremity, Air.
Curtis bethought himself of the Los Angeles
Chinese market gardeners and their knowledge
of celery growing, and at once entered into
negotiations with a leading Chinaman to under-
take the W'Ork of growing eighty acres of celery
on contract, the Earl l^'ruit Company to furnish
everything, including implements, needed in the
ctiltivation of the crop, also money advanced for
rental of the land and the supplying of water
where needed by digging wells; so that $5,000
was advanced before a stfick of celery was ready
for shipment. The result was fairly successful,
notwithstanding the untoward experience of the
Chinese laborers at the hands of wliite men, who
worried and harassed the Celestials both in
season and out of season, carrving their unrea-

soning resentment to the extent of burning the
buildings erected by the Ear! Fruit Company,
carrying off the implements used in cultivation
and terrorizing the Chinamen employed to the
imminent risk of driving them away entirely and
thus sacrificing the crop for want of help to
attend it.

"All this risk and expense fell directly on the
Earl Fruit Company, for returns for their invest-
ment could only come when the crop was ready
for market, and it may easily be imagined that
E. A. Curtis, as a prime mover in the venture,
occupied a most unenviable position. But Mr.
Curtis kept right on and overcame every obsta-
cle that presented itself, and to E. A. Curtis, as
manager for the Earl Fruit Company, is due
the credit of demonstrating the superior advant-
ages of Orange county for the successful grow-
ing of celery and the introduction and establish-
ment of an industry that has permanently added
luindreds of thousands of dollars to the re-
sources of the county.

"The crop from the land thus experimented
with w-as shipped to New York and Kansas City
and consisted of about fifty cars, a considerable
shipment at that time, as prior to then a car load
of California celery was an unheard of quantity.
There was, of course, not much profit made for
that season after everything was paid, for the
items of expense were many and included all
the loss and damage suffered wdiile the crop was
maturing and a bill of $1,100 paid an officer of
the law for protection afTorded the Chinese
laborers while at work during the season. But
it paid a margin of profit and proved beyond
ilispute that under favorable conditions celery
culture might be undertaken w-ith prospects of
success, and this fact once established the rest
was easy."

Celery growing has developed into one of the
leading industries of Orange county. It is esti-
mated that the area planted this season to celery
will exceed 2.500 acres. About 1,000 cars were
required to move last year's crop. The celery
cars carry 150 crates, or about 1.200 dozen
bunches.

The area of celery culture has extended \vo\u
the peat lands where it was begun, over a con-
siderable portion of the "Willows," a tract of
land lying between the old and the new beds of
the Santa .Ana river, the scene of the squatter
contest of twenty-five years ago.

The Southern Pacific Railroad has a branch
line running from Newport Beach, the terminus
of the Santa Ana and Newport road, to Smeltzer
(eleven miles), near the northern extremity of
the peat lands. The station and shipping points
on tills road are Celery. La Bolsa, Winlersburg,
anil Smelt;^cr.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

189

THE OIL INDUSTRY.

Prospecting for petroleum in what is now
the Fullerton oil district began more than a
third of a century ago. In 1867 Major Max
Strobel of Anaheim sunk a well in Brea canon.
.About the same time a prospect well was sunk
on the Olinda rancho, but in neither place was
oil found in pacing quantities, ^^'ith the imper-
fect machinery in use at that time it was impos-
sible to sink to any great depth. Indications
were plentiful and every expert who prospected
the caiions and foothills of the district was con-
vinced that rich oil deposits existed in that
locality. Brea canon contained large deposits
of crude asphaltum, and twenty-five years ago
the Los Angeles Gas Company was shipping
two car loads .a week of brea for the manufacture
of gas, it being cheaper than coal at that time.
In 1897 the Santa Fe Railroad Company made

a rich strike, and since then oil development has
gone on steadily.

The oil district extends from Brea canon
to the head of the Soquel cafion. In depth the
wells range from 800 to 1,600 feet. The output
of oil in November, 1900, reached 35,000 barrels.
The Santa Fe Railroad Company is an exten-
sive operator; at the beginning of the present
year it had twenty-si.x wells yielding 10,000 bar-
rels per month. The price of land in the oil dis-
trict advanced with boom-like rapidity. The
Olinda rancho, containing 4,480 acres, was sold
early in 1898, before oil was struck on' it, for
$15,000. The purchaser, after consulting some
of his friends over his bargain, forfeited his
deposit. Two years later the rancho was sold
to a syndicate of capitalists for $500,000. The-
oil of the Fullerton district is of superior quality.
Its gravity ranges from 30° to 32°.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

ORANGE COUNTY— Continued.

CITIES AND TOWNS.

ANAHEIM.

NEXT after the Mormon settlement of San
Bernardino, Anaheim is the oldest suc-
cessful colony experiment in the state.
The scheme of purchasing with their combined
capital a large tract of land, dividing it into
small farms and planting it with vines for wine
making, was originated by several Germans re-
siding in San Francisco. Early in 1857 they
began an examination of difTerent localities for
their proposed colony site. In the Los Angeles
Star of September 19, 1857, I find these itcnis
regarding the project: "It is with much pleas- ■
ure we make the announcement that the com-
pany who have for some time been seeking a
location for an extensive vineyard have at last
succeeded in obtaining land suitable to their
purpose. The project is the mos't important
ever contemplated in the southern country, and
as it is to be carried out by energetic, practical
men, there can of course be no doubt of its full
success, especially as the stock required is
already paid up.

"The Los Angeles Vineyard Comjiany is com-
posed of fifty share holders, who we 1)elicve are
principally Germans, the majority residing in
San Francisco. Each share is rated at $750.
They have purchased a tract of land on the
Santa Ana ri\cr, alirmt twentv-five miles from

the city, consisting of 1,200 acres, which is to
be laid off in lots of twenty acres each. Streets
are to be made throughout the grounds so that
each lot shall open on a good highway. * * *
The land has been purchased from Don Pacifico
Ontivera, with certain privileges from Don Ber-
nardino Yorba, from whose residence these
grounds are situated about five miles. Mr.
George Hansen, a very competent gentleman,
has been appointed superintendent of the com-
pany. This we understand will be the largest
vineyard in the world, there being none in
Europe of such extent.

"The company is under the direction of a
board of trustees in San Francisco — president,
Otmar Caler; vice-president, G. Charles Kohler;
treasurer, Cyrus Beythien ; secretary, John
I'ischer. In Los Angeles the affairs are carried
ijut under the direction of an auditing commit-
tee, composed of the following gentlemen:
Messrs. John Frohling, R. Emerson and Jay
zinsky ; sub-treasurer, Felix Bachman." The
San Francisco Alia of January 15, 1858, has this
notice: "The stockholders of the Los Angeles
\'ineyard Society held a meeting on the even-
ing of January 13, at Leutgen's Hotel. Mont-
gomery street. They resolved to give the name
of .\naheim to their vineyard in the Santa Ana
valley in Los Angeles county." Tliis effectually
disposes of that pleasant fiction often repeated

lOO

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of late years, nriiiicl)-, that the colony was named
for the first cliikl born in it — Anna Fischer. At
the time it was named there were no families
living there. Its name is a combination of the
(jerman word heim (home) and the Spanish
form of the proper name Ana — a home by the
(Santa) Ana river.

The improvement of the tract purchased was
!)egun in the winter of 1857-58 and pushed
forward vigorously by the superintendent,
George Hansen. The Los Angeles Star of Jan-
uary 30, 1858, contains this notice of the labor
in progress on the colony site: "As may be
expected, Anaheim is a busy place. All is life,
industry and activity." * * * "In the op-
erations at present in progress there, are em-
ployed seven men, fourteen horses and seven
plows in making ditches; one man, one wagon
and two horses procuring provisions and fire-
wood; fourteen men, fourteen wagons and fifty-
six horses in hauling fence poles; one wagon
and ten horses in bringing cuttings; thirty-three
men making ditches and fences; there are two
overseers, besides cooks, etc. — making in all
eighty-eight men. ten women, eighty-four
horses, seven plows and seventeen wagons. The
daily expenses are $216."

"The land owned by the company is a tract
of one and a half miles long by one and a quar-
ter miles broad. It is surrounded by a fence five
and a half miles long, composed of 40,000 willow
poles, each of which is eight feet long, being six
feet above the ground. They are planted one
and a half feet apart, and are strengthened by
three horizontal poles, and defended by a ditch
four feet deep six feet wide at the top, .sloping
to a breadth of one foot at the bottom."

These willow poles took root and made a liv-
ing wall around the colony. Across the streets
were gates, which when closed shut out all in-
vaders. This live fence was necessary to keep
out the tens of thousands of cattle that roamed
over the plains for miles on all sides of the little
vineyard colony. The superintendent, George
Hansen, constructed for the company a main
zanja seven and a half miles long to bring water
from the Santa .\na river to and through the
colony tract and about three hundred and fifty
miles of lateral ditches for distributing the water
to the different tracts. On each twenty-acre lot,
eight acres of vines were planted the first year.
These were cultivated and cared for by the com-
pany. At the end of two years the vines first
planted had come into bearing, and all assess-
ments having been paid a division of the lands
was made. Each shareholder had paid into the
general fund $1,200. Each lot had a value placed
on it according to situation, improvements, etc.,
the values ranging from $6co to $1,400. The

division was made by lot. As each stockholder
had paid in the same amount, viz.: $1,200, the
man who drew a $1,400 lot paid over $200 to the
equalization fund, and the man who drew a $600
lot received $600 cash. In addition to his vine-
yard lot, each shareholder received a lot in the
town plot. After the distriliution, a number of
the colonists came down from San Francisco,
built houses on their lots and entered on the
career of vineyardist and wine makers. Each
proprietor assumed control of his vineyard lot
December 15, 1859, and thereupon the company
management ceased.

Among the original settlers there was but
one man who understood the art of wine mak-
ing. The colonists were mostly mechanics.
"There were several carpenters, a gunsmith, an
engraver, three watchmakers, four blacksmiths,
a brewer, a teacher, a shoemaker, a miller, sev-
eral merchants, a bookbinder, a poet, four or
five musicians, a hatter, several teamsters and a
hotelkeeper."*

They went to work with that patient industry
characteristic of the Teuton. They had to learn
the art of wine making mostly by experiment-
ing. The colony was thirty miles from Los .^n-
geles, the nearest point to obtain supplies. From
there they hail to haul lumber for building and all
other necessities, until they established a land-
ing on the ocean twelve miles from the town.

It was a hard struggle for several years, but
their perseverance and industry won. The prop-
erty that cost them an average of about $1,080
ciiginally, at the end of ten years was worth
from $5,000 to $io,coo. The colonist during
that time had supported their families and paid
for their improvement from the products of
their lands.

Unlike the Spanish pobladores (colonists),
who always built a church first and left the
iMiilding of a school house to those who came
after theiu, the Anaheim colonists built the
school house first and left the church Iniilding
to those who came later.

In the town plot of forty acres, which oc-
cupied the center of the colony, a lot hail been
reserved for a school house. On this a conuiio-
dious building of adobe had been erected to
serve the double purpose of a school house and
assembly hall, but during the great flood of
1S61-62 the waters of the Santa .Ana river over-
flowed the colony site and damaged the founda-
tions of the school house, rendering the building
imsafe. .V school was maintained in the Water
Company's building on Center .street until iSfx),
w hen a new building was erected.

The original colony tract contained 1,165

IIISTOKICAL AXU lUUGKArU ICAL RKCUKD.

acres (it was part of tlie rancho San Juan Cajon
de Santa Ana), and was purchased from Juan
Pacifico Ontiveras for $2 per acre. In i860 the
Anaheim Water Company became the possessor
of the ditches and water rights originally be-
longing to the Anaheim \'ineyard Company.
The stock of this company was an appurtenance
of the land and could not be diverted from it.
This company originally incorporated with
$20,000 capital stock. In 1879 its stock was in-
creased to $90,000. and the ditches extended
to cover what was known as the Anaheim ex-
tension.

The Cajon Irrigation Company's ditch was
completed in November, 1878, at a cost of
$50,000. It tapped the Santa Ana river at Bed
Rock canon, and was, at the time of its com-
pletion, fifteen miles long. It has since been
extended. In 1879 the Anaheim Water Com-
pany bought a half interest in this ditch. All
the water interests on the north side of the Santa
Ana river have been consolidated into the Ana-
heim Union Water Company. Anaheim was in-
corporated as a city February 10, 1870, but a
city government was too great a burthen for the
people to carry. The legislature of 1872, on pe-
tition of the tax-burthened inhabitants, disincor-
porated it. It was incorported as a town by act
of the legislature March 18, 1878. Thompson
& West's History of Los Angeles county, pub-
lished in :88o, says of the schools of Anaheim:
"The town of Anaheim boasts of the hand-
somest school building and the largest school in
the county outside of Los Angeles city."

For several years the school buildings had
been inadequate for the school population. In
1877 Prof. J. M. Guinn, who had been principal
of the Anaheim school for eight years, drafted a
bill authorizing the district to issue bonds to the
amount of $10,000. He was instrumental in
securing its passage by the legislature. It be-
came a law March 12, 1878. The bonds were
sold at par and the school building, costing over
$10,000, was built out of the proceeds. This
was one of the first, if not the first, instance in
the state of incorporating and bonding a school
district to secure funds to build a school house —
a method that since has become quite common
and has given to California the best district
school houses of any state in the Union. Ana-
heim school district was extended to take in
what was formerly Fairview district and a four-
room school house erected in West Anaheim.

NEWSPAPERS.

The pioneer newspaper of Anaheim and also
of Orange county is the Anahciui Gazette. The
first number was issued October 29, 1870.

It was established by George W. Barter, who

obtained a subsidy from a number of public-
spirited citizens to found a newspaper in Ana-
heim. He bought the plant of the defunct
Wihiiingtoti Journal. The old press that he
o])tained had come around the "Horn," and in
1851 had been used in printing the Lo.f An-
geles Star, the pioneer paper of Southern Cali-
fornia. Carter, after a short and inglorious ca-
reer, sold the paper to Charles A. Gardner in

1871. Gardner sold it to Melrose and Knox in

1872. Knox retired in 1876. Fred. W. Atheran
was connected with the paper for a time in
1876-77, after which Richard Melrose became
sole proprietor and continued so until it was
sold to its present proprietor, Henry Kuchel.
The Orange County Plain Dealer was estab-
lished at Fullerton, March, 1898, and afterwards
removed to Anaheim. It is an eight-column,
four-page weekly ; size of page, 20x25 inches.
Its present editor and publisher is J. E. Val-
jean.

For a quarter of a century Anaheim was the
greatest wine-producing district in California.
About 1885 a mysterious disease attacked the
vines. Within five years from its first appear-
ance two million vines that made up the vine-
yards of Anaheim and vicinity were dead. After
the destruction of the grapevines, the vineyard
lots were planted with orange trees and English
walnuts. These have come into bearing and
have transformed the appearance of the old
vinej-ard colony. The living wall of willows that
once surrounded it and the four gates on the
four sides that shut out the great armies of cat-
tle that once roamed over the plains beyond
disappeared long ago. There is little in the
present appearance of Anaheim to remind the
old-timer of the "Campo Aleman" (German
Camp), as the native Californians named it forty-
five years ago.

CHURCHES.

The pioneer church of Anaheim is the Presby-
terian. It was organized by Rev. L. P. Webber
(the founder of the Westminster colony) in 1869.

The church building was erected in 1872, at a
cost of $3,500. The Episcopal Church of Ana-
heim was organized April 27, 1875. The church
building was completed in the fall of 1876, at a
total cost of $3,600. The Roman Catholic So-
ciety was organized in 1876. A church, costing
about $1,000, was built in 1879. These are the
l)ioneer churches. In addition to these, the
Methodist Episcopal North and the Christian
denominations have church buildings.

FR.\TERNITIES.

.\naheini Lodge No. 207, F. & .V. M.. was or-
ganized in OctoixM-, 1870. The lodge built a hall

192

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

in 1874, at a cost of $4,000. Anaheim Lodge,
I. O. O. F., was organized January 23, 1872.
Odd Fellows' Hall was erected in 1875. Orpheus
Lodge No. 217, I. O. O. F., was organized No-
vember 5, 1875. Orion Encampment No. 54,
I. O. O. F., was organized January 4, 1876.
Anaheim Lodge No. 85, A. O. U. W., was or-
ganized March 5, 1879. It surrendered its char-
ter in 1893, but was reorganized under the same
name and number in June, 1900. The various
fraternal organizations are well represented in
Anaheim.

IMPROVEMENTS.

In January, 1875, the Southern Pacific Rail-
road completed a branch to Anaheim. For
nearly two years that town was the terminus;
then the road was extended to Santa Ana, where
it ended. In 1887 the San Diego line of the
Southern California or Santa Fe system was
built through the city. The same year a num-
ber of vineyards in the eastern part of the town
were divided into building lots. The Hotel del
Campo, a $40,000 tourist caravansary, was built,
but it did not pay and came very near bankrupt-
ing its progenitors. The city has steadily pro-
gressed through all vicissitudes. It has a bank
(the Citizens'), a number of stores, several man-
ufacturing establishments, and is the center of a
large trade. Its growth has always been solid
and substantial.

CITY OF SANTA ANA.

Santa Ana, the capital of Orange county, was
founded in October, 1869, by William H. Spur-
geon. He purchased the allotment of Zenobia
Yorba de Rowland, one of the heirs to the ran-
cho Santiago de Santa Ana. The tract pur-
chased contained seventy-six acres. This, with
the exception of ten acres reserved for a public
square, Mr. Spurgeon platted in town lots and
placed on the market for sale. He built a store
room. 18x36 feet, on the northeast corner of
Fourth and West streets, of rough redwood
boards battened. This was the first building
erected in the town. In this building he
opened a general merchandise store. At first
the only patronage he received from the citizens
of the town was his own, for the reason that he
constituted the town's entire population. But
he did not long remain "monarch of all he sur-
veyed." Others joined him, and in December
there was a population enough to organize a
school district. The district was named Spring.
In January a public school was opened; Miss
Annie Casad was the first teacher. The school
house was a rough board structure, with long,
backless benches for seats, and no desks or
blackboarils. It stnnd on Svcnmore street, near
Third.

Santa Ana was about two miles south of the
old stage road that led from Los Angeles to San
Diego. This road was the so-called Camino Real
or Royal Highway that had been traveled for a
century. There were no bridges across the Santa
Ana river at that time. In winter when the wa-
ters were high, on account of the quicksands
fording the river was a hazardous undertaking.
The Rodriguez crossing, just north of Orange.
on the old stage road, was the only safe crossing
in times of high water. Mr. Spurgeon built a
road at his own expense from the stage road tn
his town and subsidized the stage company to
diverge its route through Santa Ana. He se-
cured a post-office for the town and was ap-
pointed postmaster. His salary was the munifi-
cent sum of $1 a month. He held the office until
1879, when the yearly compensation had in-
creased to $800. Then several public-spirited
citizens were not only willing, but anxious to re-
lieve him of his burden. At first the town grew
slowly. Much of the country around it was held
in large tracts and was sparsely settled. In 1877
the Anaheim branch of the Southern Pacific
Railroad was completed to Santa Ana. This
gave the town an impetus that sent it way ahead
of its competitors. Orange and Tustin. It be-
came the business center of a large area of coun-
try.

The first newspaper established in the town
was the Santa Ana Ncii's, founded by Nap. Don-
ovan May 15, 1876. It was not a paying ven-
ture, and after running it about a year he sold
it to Spurgeon, Fruit and James McFadden, who
experimented with it for a time and then dis-
continued its publication.

PIONEER CHURCHES.

The first church organized at Santa Ana was
the Methodist Episcopal South. The organiza-
tion was effected at a meeting held in the resi-
dence of W. H. Tichenal in December, 1869.
Services were held in a private residence at first,
and later on in the school house. A church
building was erected in 1876. The IMethodist
Episcopal Church North was organized in 1874.
Tlie Baptist Church was organized in March.
1871. Its building was completed and dedi-
cated in September, 1878. The United Presby-
terian Church was organized June 22. 1876. Its
edifice was completed August. 1877. These are
the iMoneer church organizations, all of which
v,erc organized over a quarter of a century ago.
Now almost every religious denomination is
represented in the city.

FRATERNITIES.

The fiillin\ing named arc the pioneer fraternal
M,-u;niizatin,;s:' Sanla Ana I.ndoe. I". &". A.

IIISTCJRICAL AXU r.lUGRAi'HlCAL RECORD.

AI., was organized October i, 1875. Santa
Ana Lodge, No. 236, I. O. O. F., was organized
October 30, 1875. Santa Ana Lodge, No. 151,
L O. G. T., was organized January 19, 1878.
Santa .\na Lodge, No. 82, .\. O. U. W., was or-
ganized February 27, 1879. SedgAvick Post, No.
17, G. A. R., was organized December, 1879.
The following named orders and societies, in ad-
dition to those named above, have organizations
in the city: Sedgwick Woman's Relief Corps;
K. O. T. M. Tent No. 8; Santa Ana Command-
cry, No. 36, K. T.; Santa Ana W. C. T. U.; Her-
iiiosa Chapter, O. E. S.; Santa Ana Council,
I'Vaternal Aid .Association; Santa Ana Lodge,
K. of P.; Shiloh Circle, Ladies of the G. A. R.;
Santa Ana Camp, Woodmen of the World;
Court Santa Ana, Foresters of America; L. O.
T. M., Ekell Society; Uniform Rank, K. of P.;
Court Silverado, L O. F.; S3'camore Lodge, Re-
bekahs.

The pioneer bank of Santa Ana is the Com-
mercial, incorporated in April, 1882. It tran-
sacts a general banking business.

The First National Bank was organized May,
1886. It has a paid-up capital of $150,000. It
pays interest on deposits, as well as doing a
general banking business.

Orange County Bank of Savings was organ-
ized in 1889. It pays interest on deposits.

Santa Ana is well supplied with newspapers.
The pioneer paper of Santa Ana, as has been
previously stated, was the Santa . Ana JVcckly
Nczvs, established May 15, 1876, by Nap. Dono-
van. It was short-lived. The next paper was
the Santa Ana Herald, established in October,
1877, by Nap. Donovan. In 1880 it was sold
to Jacob Ross. November 13, 1881, A. Waite
became the publisher. He continued in charge
to 1886. As the Orange County Herald, weekly
and semi-weekly, it is now published by Hon.
Linn Shaw.

The Pacifie ]Veckl\ Blade was founded in
1886 by W. F. X. Parker and J. Waterhouse.
Later Waterhouse purchased Parker's interest
in the paper and founded the Daily Blade in
1887. In 1889 the paper passed into the hands
of a syndicate, composed of Victor Montgom-
ery, W. H. Spurgeon, J. M. Lacy and C. W.
Humphreys. The syndicate conducted the pa-
per until May, 1895, when the present manage-
ment, AlcPhee & Co., purchased the property.
The daily is an evening paper.

The Sajita .Ina JVeeklv Bulletin was founded
Tune 16. 1899, bv D. M. Baker and T. W. Rouse.
Tt is now published bv D. 1\T. Baker and F. A.

Chamberlin. It is Democratic in politics. The
semi-weekly Standard is published by Belmont
Perry.

KE.\RNEy's WATERLOO.

The town of Santa Ana attained considerable
prominence during the anti-Chinese campaign
of the so-called workingmen's party as the place
where the sand lot agitator, Dennis Kearney,
met his Waterloo. Kearney was making a tour
of the southern counties, delivering vitupera-
tive harangues against the government and
abusing every man of prominence who did not
truckle to his domination. He had a large fol-
lowing in Southern California, the leaders of
which were for the most part disgruntled politi-
cians out of a job, but who hoped to ride into
power on the sand lot agitation. Kearney, feel-
ing secure in the number of his followers, turned
his abusive tongue loose on certain persons in
the different communities he visited who had
incurred the enmity of his adherents there, with-
out regard to whether the information given him
was true or false. Reaching Santa .'Ana on his
journey southward, he delivered one of his char-
acteristic harangues. In it he made a number of
false charges against the McFadden Brothers,
who a year or so before had built a steamer and
ran it from Newport to San Francisco in opposi-
tion to the Old Line Steamship Company, but
had finally been compelled to sell it to their op-
ponents at a considerable loss.

As Kearney was about to take the stage for
San Diego at the old Layman Hotel, that then
stood on the present site of the Brunswick, he
was confronted by Mr. Rule, an employe of the
McFaddens, with a demand for the name of the
jierson who had given him the lying informa-
tion about the steamship transaction. Kearney
turned livid with fear and blubbered out some-
thing about not giving away his friends. Rule
made another and more imperative demand for
th.e name. Kearney began to back ofif from
his opponent, fumbling at his pistol pocket in an
effort to draw his gun. Rule struck him a blow
that sent him reeling across the sidewalk against
the hotel. Recovering himself he ran through
the barroom into the dining room and across
a vacant lot into a drug store, pursued by Rule.
In the drug store Rule floored him, and, holding
him down, punctuated each demand for the
name of the informer by a punch in Kearney's
countenance. One of the slandered men res-
cued Kearney from his uncomfortable position.
Rule's attack on the sand lot agitator was made
without the knowledge of his employers, who
would have prevented it had they known any
such action was contemplated. Kearney de-
part od fur San I')iog(T; a sadder and a wiser

194

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

man. He had learned to his sorrow the ar-
rant cowardice of the men who had been urging
him on in his tirades of slander; not one of
whom when he was taking his punishment at
Santa Ana had dared to interfere in his behalf.
He had counseled hemp and mobbing for pluto-
crats and capitalists, but when a little mob-law
had been applied to himself he whimpered. He
had said from the sand lot platform: "I hope I
will be assassinated, for the success of this move-
ment depends on that;" but when offered an
opportunity to play martyr for the cause, he had
fled the chance with all the agility that fear lent
his heels. From that day on liis star waned.
When, with pistol in hand, he had taken to his
heels and fled from an unarmed opponent he had
shown himself to be a cowardly blatherskite.
Rule had unmasked him. His followers began
to desert him. The politicians who had hoped to
ride into power on the back of this ex-drayman,
when his following began to desert him, scram-
bled out of his party with as much speed as they
had tumbled into it. Rule a few years later was
drowned in Newport bay.

The territory of Orange originally bore the
name of Richland. In 1870 A. B. Chapman and
Andrew Glassell bought the allotments of sev-
eral of the Yorba heirs in the Santiago de Santa
Ana rancho, comprising several thousand acres.
This tract was subdivided into ten, twenty and
forty acre lots. Eighty acres were divided into
town lots.

A ditch from the Santa Ana river was con-
structed to the tract in the winter of 1871-72.
Several vineyards of muscat grapes were planted
in the spring of 1872, and a few orange trees.
Early in 1873 a post-office was established and
named Orange. The agitation for the formation
of a new county to be named Orange was quite
active about this time. The town of Orange
had hopes of becoming the seat of government
of the new county. The former name of the dis-
trict, Richland, fell into disuse and Orange took
its place both for the town and school district.
.\ school house was built in 1873. In 1874 the
first church was built. It belonged to the Aleth-
odist denomination, but was also used by others.
A hotel was erected, but as the patronage was
not sufficient to support it, it was used as a sani-
tarium. Three stores, the hotel and a saloon
constituted the business houses of the town in
1875. In the winter of 1878-79 a new ditch was
constructed at a cost of $60,000. This gave an
abundant water supi)ly and the settlement flour-
ished.

The ravages of the yellow scale in the early
'80s retarded citrus tree culture, and the vine dis-

ease materially injured the raisin industry. The
energy and perseverance of the people overcame
all obstacles and the district has become a large
producer of oranges and lemons. Orange sup-
])orts six churches, each owning its own house
of worship. The denominations represented are
the Methodist, Presbyterian, Christian, Lu-
theran, Baptist and Episcopalian. The town
supports a free library, containing about 3,000
volumes. Connected with the library is a read-
ing room. Orange supports two weekly news-
papers, the Orange Post, established in 1885 by
William Ward, and, passing through several
hands, it was bought in 1892 by its present
editor and proprietor, JSIrs. Alice L. Armor. The
Orange Nczvs was founded in February, 1886,
by its present publisher, James Fullerton.

Orange is an incorporated city of the sixth
class. It is located at the junction of the kite-
shaped track and the surf line of the Southern
California or Santa Fe Railroad. It is also con-
nected with Santa Ana by a motor line.

TUSTIN.

In 1867 Columbus Tustin and N. O. Stafford
bought of Bacon & Johnson a tract of land
containing 5,000 acres. This they divided equally
between them. Mr. Tustin, on his portion, sub-
divided about 100 acres into town lots and
named the place Tustin City. On the town site,
at his own expense, in 1872, he built a school
house. The same year a post-office was estab-
lished in the town or city. In 1887 the Tustin
branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad was
built to the town, w^hich ever since has remained
the terminus of that road. The town has a bank,
hotel, store and other business facilities. It has
an excellent school, employing six teachers. The
Presbyterians and Adventists have church build-
ings. ■

FULLERTON.

Fullerton while one of the youngest towns of
the county is one of the most thriving. It is a
child of the boom and was founded in 1887. It is
located on the Santa Fe Railroad, twenty-three
miles southeast from Los Angeles and ten miles
northerly from the county seat. It is surrounded
by an excellent fruit country and does a heavy
shipping business in English walnuts, oranges
and lemons. The oil from a number of wells in
the oil district is piped to Fullerton for ship-
ment. The town has several hotels, a number
of mercantile establishments, a bank and a news-
paper, the Fullerton Tribune, established in
i8q8. The union high school building, a brick
structure, costing about $10,000, was completed
and dedicated in 1898. The town is not incor-
liorated. .\t a recent election the question of
inr(ir]iiM-ating was decided in the negative.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

195

WESTMINSTER COLONY.

In the autumn of 1871 Rev. L. P. Webber
secured from the Los Angeles and San Bernar-
(h'no Land Company a tract of 8,000 acres lying
between Anaheim and the ocean on which to
locate a colony. It was intended to be a temper-
ance colony. The settlers pledged themselves not
to grow grapes for the production of wine and
brandy. The founder endeavored, as far as he
was able, to secure settlers of his own church
and the colony was known as a Presbyterian
settlement. The first church erected in the
colony was Presbyterian. A tract of 160 acres
in the center of the colony lands was subdivided
into town lots. A hotel, a school house, three
churches, a blacksmith shop, two store build-
ings, a doctor's office and drug store were built
on the town site; then, the town stopped grow-
ing and has remained stationary ever since. Of
late years dairying has become the principal in-
dustry and two creameries are located near the
town. Near Westminster are the famous peat
lands, where trainloads of celery are grown and
shipped to the eastern states.

GARDEN GROVE.

The town of Garden Grove was founded in
1877 by Dr. A. G. Cook and Converse Howe.
A post-office was established the same year. A
large business house was built and a store
opened in it. The building was burned down in
1880. The town has a fine school house and em-
ploys five teachers. It has a hotel, a Methodist
church, a Holiness church and a Latter-day
Saint's organization. There are a number of
walnut groves in its immediate vicinity. It is
surrounded by an excellent agricultural coun-
try.

LOS ALAMITOS.

A large sugar factory was located on the Ala-
mitos rancho in 1897. Around this has grown
up a town. It is located on a branch of the
Southern Pacific Railroad, extending from the
Santa Ana line at Lorra, near Anaheim, to Ala-

mitos, nme miles. The beet sugar factory dis-
tributes about a half a million dollars yearly
among the farmers in this district. There is a
school building, a church and boarding houses
for the employes of the factory.

BUENA PARK.

The town of Buena Park was laid out in 1887.
It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad,
thirteen miles northerly of Santa Ana. It has a
condensed milk factory, established in 1889. This
factory distributes monthly about $15,000 for
milk and labor. The town has a hotel, two gen-
eral merchandise stores, a school of two depart-
ments, and a Congregational church.

NEWPORT BEACH.

Newport Beach is the chief seaport of
Orange county. It is ten miles southwest of
Santa Ana and is reached by the Santa Ana &
Newport Railroad. The town contains a school
house, a Methodist church, a post-office and a
mercantile establishment. It has a wharf where
freight and passengers are landed. It is a favor-
ite seaside resort for the people of Santa Ana.

CAPISTRANO.

The first settlement in Orange county was
made at what was formerly known as San Juan
Capistrano. The mission of that name was
founded in 1776. After the secularization of the
missions an Indian pueblo was established here,
but it was not a success. A Mexican popula-
tion built up a town at the ruins of the old Mis-
sion buildings. Capistrano is probably the most
thoroughly native Californian of any town in
the state. The Mission church, destroyed by an
earthquake, was the largest and most imposing
building ever built by the Mission fathers. Its
ruins attract many visitors. Capistrano has a
hotel, several stores, a school house and a num-
ber of saloons. Church service is still held in a
room of the old Mission buildings. Capistrano
is on the main line of the Santa Fe Railroad,
sixty miles from Los Angeles and about the
same distance from San Diego.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

RIVERSIDE COUNTY.

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.

RIVERSIDE county, the youngest of the
counties of Southern California, was
formed of segregated portions of San
Bernardino and San Diego counties. San Ber-
nardino parted with 590 square miles of her ter-
ritory, which inchided the rich valleys and toot-
hills of the southwest section. In this area are
the cities and towns of Riverside, Corona, Beau-
mont and Banning. The early history of the
portion segregated is properly a part of the his-
tory of San Bernardino, but to make a continu-
ous narrative I give a brief outline of the first
settlement of that county.

The earliest settlement within the bounds of
what is now San Bernardino county was made
at what is known as Old San Bernardino, or, as
it is sometimes called, the Old Mission of San
Bernardino. In the year 1820 an adobe building
forty varas wide by eighty long, with walls three
feet thick and thatched with tules, was erected
on a sloping mesa of the upper Santa Ana val-
ley. It was not built for a mission church, as is
generally supposed. It was built as a store house
for the large crops of wheat raised by the Mis-
sion Indians of the valley, and a part of it was
used as the residence of the mayordomo or over-
seer of the neophytes. The rancho on which it
was located belonged to the Mission San Ga-
briel and was named by the padres San Ber-
nardino. From the rancho the county derived
its name.

After the secularization of the Missions in
1835, the rancho was used by Don Antonio Ma-
ria Lugo as a cattle range. One of his sons re-
sided in the old building erected by the padres.
In 1842 Governor Alvarado granted to Jose
Maria Lugo, Jose del Carmen Lugo (sons of
Don Antonio Maria Lugo) and Diego Sepul-
veda the Rancho de San Bernardino, containing
nine square leagues, or about forty thousand
acres. LIpon this tract is located the city of San
Piernardino. The Lugos built houses for them-
selves and for their vaqueros and thus became
the first settlers.

The Jurupa, another of the Mission ranches,
was granted to Juan Bandini in 1838 by Gov-
ernor .\lvarado. P.aiidini stocked the rancho

with horses and cattle. The mountain Indians
and the renegade neophytes, who had joined
their gentile brethren, were expert horse and
cattle thieves. They made frequent raids upon
the stock of the rancheros of the valley and ren-
dered both their lives and their property unsafe.
To resist the encroachments of the Indians, the
ranch owners encouraged immigration. The first
colony to settle in the valley consisted of twenty
families of New ]\Iexico. They located on the
upper part of the Jurupa. Their town, known as
Agua Mansa (still water), was built on the low
bank of the Santa Ana river. It was entirely
destroyed by the great flood of 1862. At the
close of the Mexican era (1847) the settlements
in the San Bernardino valley consisted of a few
scattered ranch houses, with their accompani-
ments of corrals and jaceles or huts of the Indian
laborers.

After the discovery of gold in 1848 the immi-
grants who reached Salt Lake City too late to
cross the Sierra Nevadas on account of the deep
snow in the mountain passes had to choose be-
tween wintering with the Saints or reaching
California by some Southern route. Early in
1849, an advance guard of Mormons had found
a route to Southern California that was not
blocked by snow in the winter. This route led
southwesterly from Salt Lake along the foot of
the Wasatch Mountains, then through the Utah
valley to the southern end of Utah Lake, where
it struck the old Spanish trail from Los Angeles
to Santa Fc. This trail entered the San Bernar-
dino valley by the Cajon Pass.

.'\ train of 500 wagons came by this route to
California in the winter of 1849-50. Jefferson
Hunt, a former captain of the Mormon Bat-
talion, was the guide. In the winter of 1850-.'; i
a large ninnber of immigrants came by that
route, and for many years the belated gold-
seekers reached the land of promise by the
Mormon trail, as it was called.

Brigham Young, recognizing the necessity of
some more accessible outlet to the ocean for
the inland empire that he hoped to found tlian
over the high Sierras or eastward to the Mis-
souri across the long stretch of arid plains,
early in the spring of 1851 sent out a colony to
form a Mormon stake of Zion somewhere near

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

I9r

the mouth of the Cajon Pass. The first detach-
ment of this Mormon colony, consisting of 150
families, reached the San Bernardino valley early
m May, 185 1. While the leaders were looking
for a location the immigrants remained en-
camped at the southwest entrance tn the
Pass.

In June about 300 wagons arrived from Salt
Lake. A portion of these were Mormons and
the remainder belated gentiles from the "states."
During the summer about 900 Mormons arrived
in the San Bernardino valley. In September the
leaders of the band, Amasa Lyman and Charles
Rich, bought the San Bernardino rancho, con-
sisting of eight square leagues, from the Lu-
gos. The stipulated price was $77,500. It was
bought on credit, the Mormons depending on
their future grain crops for the purchase money.
The colonists set about improving the land, and
the same year of their arrival they had 3,000
acres sown in grain. In the sprnig of 1852 the
Indians became troublesome and the Mormons
built a fort on part of what is now the site of
San Bernardino City. The Indians were subdued
and the Mormons located on their individual
tracts. The rancho was subdivided into five, ten,
twenty, forty and eighty acre lots. These lots
were sold on reasonable terms to persons de-
siring to settle. The colony became quite pros-
perous. In 1856 the colonists produced 30,000
bushels of wheat, 15,000 bushels of barley and
7,000 of corn. They owned, according to the
assessor's report of that year, 14,470 cattle and
1,558 horses. The population on the ranch was
estimated at 3,000. In the town of San Bernar-
dino there were ten business houses.

In 1857 trouble came upon the colony. For
ten years Brigham Young had acted as governor
of the state of Deseret, as the Mormons called
their settlements in the Salt Lake valley. He
and his followers had given the United States
government a great deal of trouble. President
Buchanan shortly after taking office appointed
Amos Cummings governor of Utah to super-
sede Young and sent a force of 2,500 soldiers
to aid Cummings in enforcing the laws. Brigham
and the Twelve Apostles rebelled and prepared
for war. He issued a mandate ordering all the
Mormons in the distant Stakes of Zion to return
to Salt Lake. The faithful at San Bernardino
obeyed. They disposed of their property for
whatever they could get for it and departed.
Some remained. These were called "indepen-
dents" and were regarded by the faithful as ren-
egades. Amasa Lyman and Charles C. Rich,
the purchasers of the rancho and the leaders of
the colonists, with a train of thirty wagons, took
their departure for Salt Lake April 25, 1857.
This was the first train to go. During the sum-

mer and fall about 1,200 Mormons left San
Bernardino for Salt Lake.

In December, 1857, about 25,000 acres of the
rancho which had not been subdivided and
placed on sale was transferred by Lyman, Rich,
flanks & Co. to Messrs. Conn, Tucker, Allen &
Coopwood. Although many of the Mormons
remained and some of those who obeyed the
"prophets' " call returned later, San Bernardino
thereafter ceased to be a Stake of Zion and
ceased to be distinctively a Mormon colony.

Up to 1870 the increase in the population
of the county was slow. It was isolated and
far from market. Most of the land was held
in large tracts and was devoted to the raising
of cattle and sheep.

The early '70s was the colony-forming era of
Southern California history. This form of coloni-
zation wrought a great change in the class of
immigrants coming and in the kind of produc-
tions grown. It was the transition period from
cattle and sheep to grain and fruit. San Bernar-
dino county profited greatly by the change, but
of this more anon when we come to treat of
Riverside.

FORMATION OF RIVERSIDE COUNTY.

Having given a brief outline of the history
of one of the counties from which the most
populous portion of the new colony was segre-
gated, I take up the formation of Riverside
county. The first attempt to form the county
of Riverside was made in the legislature of
1891. Three ambitious towns in Southern Cali-
fornia were at the same time seized with a de-
sire to become county seats, and bills were intro-
duced in the legislature of 1891 to form the three
new counties from territory taken from the three
old counties, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and
San Diego.

Pomona county was to have been formed from
the eastern portion of Los Angeles county and
a slice taken from the western side of San Ber-
nardino. Riverside county sliced a triangle off
the southwestern part of San Bernardino and
appropriated a rectangle of San Diego's north-
western area; while San Jacinto county cut
deep into San Diego's eastern area. Bills cre-
ating these counties were introduced in the leg-
islature. Then there was a triangular contest
between the inchoate counties, each fighting its
rivals. The old counties, San Bernardino and
San Diego, bitterly opposed the schemes of the
divisionists. One San Bernardino editor de-
nounced the division plan as "geographical sacri-
lege," and another charged the divisionists with
attempting iiiayhcin on the Saints (Diego and
Bernardino). The Riverside hill passed the
senate with only eleven opposing votes and the

103

mSTOKlCAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD,

hopes of its progenitors soared high. The
county offices were divided up and a seat se-
lected for the new county. Then came an agon-
izing delay. The assembly had become in-
volved in one of those interminable scandals
that crop out during the sessions of our legisla-
ture. Before the "waste basket scandal" could
be hushed up the session ended and the River-
side bill died on the files.

In the legislature of 1893 the Riverside
scheme came to the front early in the session;
the other two division projects were held in
abeyance or at least were not pushed with vigor,
and did not reach a vote. The act to create
the county of Riverside was approved March 11,
1893. Riverside county was formed from the
southwestern part of San Bernardino county
and the northern part of San Diego. From San
Bernardino it took 560 square miles and from
.San Diego 6,418, thus giving the new county
an area of 7,008 square miles. It is bounded
on the west by Orange county and on the east
by the Colorado river. In its contour Riverside
county is widely diversified. In it rises one of the
highest peaks (Mount San Jacinto) in Southern
California and the deepest depressions below
the sea level are found within its limits.

It possesses every variety of climate. In the
wooded canons of Mount San Jacinto the snow
never melts; in the depression of the Colorado
desert the heat exceeds that of the torrid zone;
while on its western mesas, where the breezes
waft the fragrance of the rose and the orange
blossom, perpetual spring rules the year.

Its productions are as varied as its climate.
Its mountains produce lumber ; its deserts yield
salt, and its western plains are the greatest
orange-growing districts in the world. It pro-
duces deciduous fruits as well as the semi-tropic.
Peaches, apples, apricots, prunes, pears and cher-
ries thrive and yield abundantly. In the low-
lands along the Santa Ana river alfalfa makes
dairying a profitable industry. Gold, silver, coal,
coal asbestos are found within its borders.

KRA OF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENTS.

The terrible drought of 1863 and 1864, which
virtually put an end to cattle-raising as the dis-
tinctive industry of Southern California, brought
about the subdivision of many of the large grants
that had been held for stock ranges. The de-
cline of the cattle industry compelled the
agriculturists of the south to cast about for
some other use to which their lands could be
turned. The later '60s and the early '70s might
be called the era of agricultural experiments in
California. Olden-time tillers of the soil will
recall perhaps with a sigh the silk-culture craze,
the Ramie-plant fad. the raisin-grape experi-

ment and other experiences with tree and plant
and vine that were to make the honest farmer
happy and prosperous, but which ended in dreary
failure and often in great pecuniary loss.

To one of these fads — the silk-cukure craze —
Riverside owes its location, and for this reason
the sericulture mania deserves more than a pass-
ing notice. To encourage silk culture in Cali-
fornia the legislature in 1866 passed an act au-
thorizing the payment of a bounty of $250 for
every plantation of 5,000 mulberry trees two
years old. This greatly stimulated the planting
of mulberry trees if it did not greatly increase the
production of silk.

In 1869 it was estimated that in the central
or southern portions of the state there were ten
millions of mulberry trees in various stages of
growth. Demands for the bounty poured in upon
the commissioners in such a volume that the
state treasury was threatened with bankruptcy.
.\t the head of the silk industry in the state was
Louis Prevost, an educated French gentleman,
who was thoroughly conversant with the busi-
ness in all its details. He saw a great future for
it, and firmly believed that the Golden State
would outrival his native country, France, in
the production of silk. He had estabUshed at
Los Angeles an extensive nursery of mulberry
trees and a large cocoonery for the rearing of
silk worms. His enthusiasm had induced a num-
ber of the leading men of the south to enter into
an association for the purpose of planting exten-
sive forests of mulberry trees for the nourish-
ment of silk worms; and for the establishment of
a colony of silk weavers. The directors of the
association cast about for a suitable location
to plant a colony.

I take this notice of the visit of the president
and a director of the association to San Bernar-
dino from the letter of a correspondent of the
Los Angeles Star June 15, 1869: "Messrs. Pre-
vost and Garey have been here looking out for
land with a view to establish a colony for the
culture and manufacture of silk. The colony is
to consist of one hundred families, sixty of
whom are ready to settle as soon as the location
is decided upon. Both of these gentlemen are
highly pleased with our soil, climate, etc.. and
consider it far better adapted to the culture of
the mulberry than any other of the southern
counties." The directors of the California Silk
Center .Association of Los Angeles (by which
name the organization was known), through its
superintendent, purchased 4,000 acres of the
Rubidoux rancho, which was a part of the
Jurupa rancho, granted to Juan Bandini in 1838,
and 1,460 acres of government land on the
Hartshorn tract, which adjoined the Rubidoux
rancho to the eastward. Thev also arranged to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

199

purchase from the Los Angeles & San Bernar-
dino Land Company 3,169 acres of that portion
of the Juriipa rancho opposite the Rubidoux
rancho on the east side of the Santa Ana river.
Prevost, the president of the association, died
.\ugust 16, 1869, before the land deal was com-
pleted. The winter of 1869-70 was one of short
rainfall and but little was done towards planting
trees on the colony grounds, and no efifort was
made to colonize the tract. The death of Pre-
vost had deprived the association of its main-
spring and its works stopped. Besides the silk
culture craze had begun to decline. The im-
mense profits of $1,000 to $1,200 per acre that
had been made in the beginning l)y selling silk
worm eggs to those who had been seized by the
craze later had fallen of? several figures from
over-production; and to give a finishing blow to
the fad the state canceled the bounty. The Silk
Center Association having fallen into hard lines,
offered its lands for sale on most advantageous
terms, and it soon found a buyer.

THE COLONY .\SS0CIATI0N.

"On the 17th day of March, 1870, at Knox-
ville, Tenn., J. W. North issued and sent to
numerous persons in the Northern states a cir-
cular, entitled, 'A Colony for California.' In that
circular was briefly stated what was expected
as to the establishment and carrying on of the
proposed colony which had not at that time an\
definite form or special proposed location."

In this circular judge North said: "We do not
expect to buy as much land for the same amount
of money in Southern California as we could ob-
tain in remote parts of Colorado or Wyoming;
but we expect it will be worth more in propor-
tion to cost than any other land we could pur-
chase in the United States. We expect to have
schools, churches, lyceum, public library, read-
ing room, etc., at a very early date, and we invite
such people to join our colony as will esteem it a
privilege to build them."*

In the summer of 1870 Judge J. W. North, in
company with several other gentlemen who had
become interested in the proposed colony, visited
Southern California to secure a location for their
prospective colony. After examining a number
of tracts of land ofTered, they, on the 14th of
September, 1870, purchased from the stock-
holder of the Silk Center Association all the real
estate, water rights and franchises of that cor-
]ioration. The purchasers had organized under
tlie name of The Southern California Colony
.Association. The members of the association
were Judge John W. North, Dr. James P.

♦Riverside— The Fulfillment of a Prophecy. By John
G. North.

( ireves, I )r. Sanfuvd Eastman, E. G. Brown, Dr.
K. D. Shugarl, A. J. Twogood, D. C. Twogood,
John Broadhurst, James A. Stewart and William
J. Linville. Judge J. W. North was made presi-
dent and general manager of the association.
The land was bought at $3.50 per acre. It was
mesa or tableland that had never been culti-
vated, and so dry that one old timer said he had
seen "the coyotes carrying canteens when they
crossed it." It was not even good sheep pasture,
and it is said that Rubidou.x at one time had
it struck from the assessment roll because it was
not worth paying taxes on.

During the fall of 1870 a portion of the lands
was surveyed and platted. A town was laid out
and named Jurupa, from the name of the rancho,
but this was soon changed to Riverside. The
river, the Santa Ana, did not flow by the side
of the town, but the colonists hoped that a con-
siderable portion of its waters would eventually
be made to do so.

The first families to arrive in the colony
reached it late in September, 1870. Their dwell-
ings were constructed of rough upright redwood
or pine boards, battened, the families camping
out while the buildings were in the process of
construction. As there were neither paint nor
plaster used and the chimney was a hole in the
roof out of which the stove pipe projected, it
did not take long to erect a dwelling. The near-
est railroad was Los Angeles, sixty-five miles
away, and from there most of their supplies and
building material had to be hauled on wagons.

It was easy enough to survey their land and
plat a town site, but to bring that land under
cultivation and to produce from it something
to support themselves was a more serious prob-
lem. Land was cheap enough and plentiful, but
water was dear and distant. It required engi-
neering skill and a large outlay of capital to
bring the two together. Without water for irri-
gation their lands were worthless and the colony
a failure.

The colonists set to work vigorously in the
winter of 1870-71 to construct an irrigating canal
from a point on the Santa Ana river to the
colony lands. Early in the summer of 1871 the
canal, at a cost of about $50,000, was completed
to the town site. A few enthusiasts in citrus cul-
ture, before the canal was dug, bought seedling
orange trees in Los Angeles at $2 apiece, and
after hauling them across the arid plains sixty-
five miles, planted them in the dry mesa and
irrigated them with water hauled from Spring
brook in barrels. The rapid growth of these
trees, even under adverse circumstances, disap-
proved the sneer of the old-timers that orange
trees would not grow in the sterile soil of the
mesas, and greatly encouraged the colonists.

900

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

The raisin grape was at that time coming into
notice, and many of the early settlers planted
their grounds in vineyards. Others experiment-
ed with the deciduous fruits, and a few had an
abiding faith in the orange. Orange trees had
to be raised from the seed, and the eight or nine
years required to bring a seedling orange to
bearing looked like a long time to wait for
returns.

After a series of experiments, some of them
costly, the colonists finally evolved the "fittest"
product for their soil and market, and that was
the Bahia orange, or, as it is now called, the
Washington navel orange. In December, 1873,
L. C. Tibbetts, a Riverside colonist, received by
mail from a friend at \\'ashington, D. C, two
small orange trees which had been imported from
the City of Bahia, in Brazil, by the agricultural
department. This variety is seedless and of fine
flavor. It became immensely popular. Buds were
taken from the parent trees and inserted in the
stocks of the seedling orange trees and the varie-
ty was propagated by budding from tree to tree as
rapidly as buds could be obtained. The descend-
ants from these two trees number well up to a
milhon. One of these old trees has been recently
presented to the city by its present owner, O.
Newberry.

ARLINGTON.

In 1875 Samuel C. Evans, a wealthy banker
of Fort Wayne, Ind., came to Riverside. He
purchased a half interest in 10,000 acres of land
known as the Hartshorn tract (now known as
Arlington), lying to the southward of the origi-
nal colony tract. Capt. W. T. Sayward of San
Francisco was the owner of the other half. These
gentlemen began the construction of a canal for
the irrigation of their lands. They were denied
the riglrt of way across the lands of the Southern
California Colony Association. Mr. Evans quiet-
ly secured a controlling interest in the stock
of the Colony Association and then dictated his
own terms. In 1875 he assisted in organizing
the Riverside Land and Irrigation Company,
and in 1876 he became its president. This com-
pany absorbed the Southern California Colony
Association, its unsold land, water rights and
canals. The two water systems were consoli-
dated under one management, the canals were
extended and thousands of acres of fertile land
brought under irrigation.

Up to 1875 Riverside had grown slowly, but
with the accession of a larger territory, with an
increased water supply, new settlers coming and
more money in circulation, it took on a new and
healthier growth. The world-famous Magnolia
avenue was begun at this time. From a pam-
phlet published by Capt. W. T. Sayward in 1875,

descriptive of the new lands just thrown on the
market, I take this description of what Magnolia
avenue was intended to be by one of its pro-
genitors: "A grand avenue has been surveyed
and laid out from Temcscal creek nearly to San
Bernardino in a straight line eighteen miles long
and 132 feet wide, running through the lands
of the Santa Ana, New England and Riverside
colonies. This avenue is to be lined the entire
distance with fruit, shade and ornamental trees
on each side and one row in the center; and
when completed will make the most beautiful
drive and be the best ornamented road in the
world."

The amount of land contained in the colonies
named above is, according to the pamphlet, as
follows: "Riverside colony, 8,000 acres; New
England, 10,000 acres; Santa Ana, 7,000 acres.
.\11 these colonies are united in one irrigating
system." The city of Riverside has long since
swallowed up all these colonies and has taken
in about 10,000 acres besides. The present area
of the city is about fifty-six square miles. It was
incorporated in 1883.

In 1875 the population of the Riverside set-
tlements was estimated at 1,000. The town then
ha<l within its limits one church edifice, a school
house, a hotel, two restaurants, a carriage and
wagon factory, three general merchandise stores,
a drug store, a livery stable and two saloons.
Another saloon was added to the number early
in 1876. Although not large, it seems then to
have been a "wide open town," judging from
the number of saloons in it. The saloons were
closed so long ago that many of the present in-
habitants are perhaps not aware they ever had
any in the town.

FIRST EVENTS.

The first railroad meeting in Riverside of
which I have any record was one held in the
school house February 23, 1876. The Southern
Pacific was building eastward. San Bernardino
confidentially expected to be on the main line,
and Riverside had hopes that it might be. The
railroad passed between them and laid out a
town of its own. Colton. San Bernardino set up
a wail and petitioned the legislature to pass an
act bonding the county so that it could build a
road of its own to tide water at Anaheim land-
ing. Riverside cautioned the legislature against
the schemes of its neighbor in the following
amusing resolution: "Resolved, That the people
of Riverside respectfully request the honorable
senate and house of representatives of California
not to be too much moved by the touching ap-
peal of the town of San Bernardino: Riverside
tould lament just as hard if it were disposed to."

The first Citrus Fair held in Riverside opened

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

gOl

February 12, 1879. It was conducted under the
auspices of the Southern California Horticul-
tural Society. The exhibit was mainly seedling
oranges, Mediterranean Sweets, St. Michaels and
Konahs, with a few specimens of the navel
Drange. The Riverside Press thus exultingly
describes one of the most attractive features of
the fair: "D. C. Twogood's exhibit was four
boxes of seedling oranges packed. These four
lioxes, open and full of fine fruit, made a broad
glare which fairly illuminated that end of the
hall." The oranges were exhibited on plates,
and the plates were not heaped. Cicily and
China lemons formed a part of the exhibit. A
Konah orange six inches in diameter was one
of the wonders of the fair. A census or enumer-
ation taken in 1879 of the citrus fruit trees in
Riverside, Sunnyside and Arlington gave the
following numbers of each: orange trees, 160,-
861; lemon, 23,950; limes, 28,642. In addition
to the citrus trees there were 221,465 vines and
about 50,000 deciduous fruit trees. A very good
showing for a colony only eight years old.

OTHER FIRST EVENTS.

The first building erected in the Riverside
settlenient was the office of the Southern Cali-

fornia Colony Association, September, 1870, It
was built on land now occupied by the Santa Fe
depot.

The first child born in the settlement was a
daughter of John Broadhurst, born December
26, 1870. The first in the town of Riverside was
a daughter of i\. R. Smith, born March 31, 1871.

The first sermon preached in the town was
delivered by Rev. A. Higbie, a Methodist min-
ister. He was also the surveyor of the colony
tract.

The first resident clergyman was Rev. J. W.
Atherton, a Congregational minister. The first
church erected in the town was a Congrega-
tional.

The first school house was built in 1871. It
was a frame building costing $1,200.

The first mercantile establishment was opened
by E. Ames in the winter of 1870-71. The first
brick building, a store room 25x75, was erected
by Buet Brothers in 1875.

The first newspaper published was the River-
side IVeekiy News. The first number appeared
November 27, 1875.

The public library was established in 1879.

The first shipment of oranges was made in
Ihe winter of 1879-80.

CHAPTER XXXV.

RIVERSIDE COUNTY— Continued.

RIVERSIDE WATER SYSTEMS.

THE citrus groves of the Riverside valley
cover about 20,000 acres. Four large
water systems supply water for irrigating
the territory covered by these groves, viz.: The
Riverside Water Company, the Gage canal, the
Jurupa canal and the Riverside Highland ^Yatc^
Company.

The Riverside Water Company is com-
l)Osed of the land owners under the system. It
supplies the older orchards in the valley. Two
shares of stock are appurtenant to an acre. The
company obtains its water supply from the Santa
Ana river, and from Warm Springs and wells in
the San Bernardino artesian belt. This system has
forty miles of main canal (half of which are ce-
mented) andabout 150 milesof laterals. Thiscom-
l)any also owns and operates a piped water system,
by means of which it distributes throughout the
city about 150 inches of pure artesian water un-
der heavy pressure. The pressure is sufificient
to afford fire protection without fire engines.

This water is delivered through eighteen miles
of mains and twenty-six miles of smaller pipes.

THE gage canal.

Very few of the many irrigating schemes that
have been promoted in recent years for the de-
velopment of water and the reclamation of arid
lands have been so successful as that connnonly
known as the Gage canal. From small begin-
nings this enterprise has developed into mag-
nificent proportions. In its gradual development
it well illustrates the truth of the old couplet:

"Tall oaks from little acorns grow.
Great streams from little fountains flow."

Mathew Gage, a jeweler by occupation, came
to Riverside in March, 1881. He was compara-
tively a poor man. Shortly after his arrival he
took up under the desert land act a section of
land. This land was situated on the plain above
the canals and eastward of the Riverside settle-
ment. There was apparently no way of getting

208

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

water upnii it except from tliv cloinK. Anjuiid
it were thousands of acres fertile ami ]irnihicii\e
if water could be brought upon them, but barren
without it. To perfect the title to his section of
desert land he must bring water upon it from
some source. His first move was to buy some
old water rights in the Santa Ana river. Next
he secured a large tract of land bordering on
that river and lying about two miles southeast
of San Bernardino City. On this land he began
sinking wells. In 1882 he began work on his
great canal. Wiseacres who "knew it all" ridi-
culed the scheme of the tenderfoot, and prophe-
sied its failure. Narrow-minded people who
could not comprehend the magnitude of the
undertaking and who feared some injury to their
petty interests opposed it. But Gage labored on
undaunted, conquering every obstacle and sur-
mounting every difficulty. On the lOth of
November, 1886, he had twelve miles of the
canal completed and was delivering water there-
from. In the year 1888 he extended the canal
a distance of ten miles in a southwesterly direc-
tion, skirting the foothills and bringing under
irrigation the lands now known as Arlington
Heights. The main canal is twenty-three miles
long, it is twelve feet wide on the bottom and
four feet deep at the head ; and reduces
to five feet wide and four feet deep at
the terminus. It is cemented throughout
with Portland cement, which prevents any
loss from absorption. The Gage water
system covers about 7,500 acres. Its total cost,
including the land up to the present time, is
about $2,000,000. The system and the lands un-
der it have been transferred by its progenitor
to the Riverside Trust Company, Limited, a cor-
poration of English capitalists. This company
controls the lands of Arlington Heights, and
has spent a large amount of money in grading
and planting trees along Victoria avenue. This
street rivals the famous Magnolia avenue. Its
elevation and graceful curves afiford magnificent
views of the Riverside valley. It is proposed
to connect it with Magnolia avenue near Arling-
ton station, thus making a continuous drive of
twenty miles.

The JuRUP.v c.vNAL is used in common by
four or five different corporations. It carries
about 850 inches and supplies the orchards of
West Riverside and the land along the Santa
Ana river. The water rights of this system arc
the oldest on the river, and come down from the
original granting of the Jurupa rancho.

The RiVERsiDE-HiGiri,.\XD W.\ti;k Comp.\nv
obtains its supply of water from 175 acres of
water-bearing land in the Lyttle creek basin.
It has developed about 500 inches, which is
pumped into its pipes by electricity. To econo-

mize tlie cost of pumping, a tunnel was run some
3.<H)() feet, reaching the wells forty feet below
llie surface. The water is conveyed to the or-
chards in a 24-inch steel pipe twelve miles long.
This water supply covers about 2,300 acres lying
above the Gage canal in the Highgrove section.

P0PUL.\TI0N AND WEALTH.

The population of Riverside county, according
to the federal census of 1900, was 17,897; the
population of the city in 1890 was 4,683 ; in 1901,
7.973. a gain of 70 per cent in ten years. The
total assessed value of the county property in
1901 was nearly $17,000,000. City assessment,
$5,919,630. The orange shipment from River-
side City for the season of 1900-01 was 5,327
car loads ; of oranges and lemons combined,
5,517 cars.

THE PRESS.

The pioneer newspaper of the colony was the
Riverside Weekly Neivs. The first number was
issued November 27, 1875. It was founded by
Jesse Buck and R. A. Davis. It was a five-
column paper; size, 12x15 inches. April 29,
1876, Buck retired with this brief valedictory:
"The bell rings, the curtain drops. Buck is out."
R. A. Davis, Jr., continued the publication until
it was merged into the Riverside Press two vears
later.

The Riverside Press, a seven-column week-
ly paper, was founded by James H. Roe, June
29, 1878. L. M. Holt assumed the management
of it, January 10, 1880. He enlarged it to eight
columns and changed the name to the Press
and Horticulturist. The Daily Press was estab-
lished in 1886. It is still published as an even-
ing daily. The Valley Echo was established in
1882 by James H. Roe and R. J. Pierson.
December 6, 1888, the Eclio was consolidated
with the Daily Press and the Weekly Press
Olid Horticulturist, E. W. Holmes becoming a
partner, the firm being Holmes, Roe & Pierson.
The ll'eekly Reflc.v, established in 1895, was
consolidated with the Press and Horticulturist,
October i, 1896.

The Daily Enterprise, the oldest daily of
Riverside, was established in 1885. The Daily
Globe, established in 1896, was consolidated
with the Enterprise, October 30, 1897. A bi-
weekly edition of the Enterprise is also pub-
lished. The Enterprise has absorbed the follow-
mg named weekly papers; the Weekly Search-
light, May 7, 1896; the Weekly Perris Valley
Record, March 5, 1896; Moreno Indicator,
November 7, 1896.

The Daily Enterprise is a morning paper,
eight pages, six columns to the page. Monroe
& Barton are the publishers and proprietors.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Corona, formerly South Riverside, is fifteen
miles southwest of Riverside on the San Diego
branch of the Santa Fe railroad. It was founded
in 1887 by the South Riverside Land and Water
Company of which ex-Governor Samuel Merrill
of Iowa was president. The town site was
jilatted in the form of a circle one mile in diame-
ter. The town is encircled b}' a boulevard lOO
feet wide, lined on each side b_\- shade trees. The
town grew rapidly at first. Six months after
its founding there were in it ninety buddings
completed, some of them brick blocks — one a
$40,000 hotel. Then it came to a standstill.
Recently it has taken on a new growth. Its
water supply is obtained from wells in the
Temescal cafion. Recently the Corona Irriga-
tion Company purchased 160 acres of land near
Ferris in the San Jacinto artesian belt, and has
a large force of men employed constructing a
cemented ditch to bring the water to the head
of the present pipe line, a distance of twenty-
nine miles. When completed, the entire line
will be about forty miles long, and it is estimated
that it will increase the present supply about 800
inches. The town or city is incorporated. The
corporation boundaries, like those of Riverside,
take in a large number of orange groves. The
owners of the groves do not object to city taxes
as the municipal ordinances afford them better
[irotection against insect pests.

Corona supports an excellent high school.
The school building, which also includes the
class rooms of the grammar and primary depart-
ments, cost $20,000. The city has within it six
church organizations owning buildings, a weekly
newspaper (The Corona Courier), six mercantile
establishments and a public library of 600 vol-
umes. Its population, according to the last
federal census (June, 1900) was 1,434. In the
foothills back of the town is a large pipe factory,
the Pacific Clay Manufacturing Company, where
is made the vitrified pipe so extensively used in
the irrigating pipe lines. The company also
manufactures pottery, fire brick and tiling. Cor-
ona has several sobriquets. It is known as Circle
City and Crown City, and the district as the
Queen colony.

Temecul.\, the most southern town in the
county, is the terminus of the San Jacinto, Elsi-
nore and Temecula branch of the Santa Fe rail-
road system, fifty-one miles southeasterly of
Riverside. The town was formerly a station on
the California Southern Railroad ( now the Santa
Fe), built in 1881, and connecting .San I'.ernar-
dino and San Diego. The great Hood of i8q2
destroyed the railroad in the Temecula canon,
and it has not been rebuilt. Since then Temecula

has been the southern terminus of the Santa Fe
system in the valley between the Santa Ana and
San Jacinto mountains. It is the business center
of a large and productive area of fertile land. It
is largely devoted to grain raising. The Teme-
cula grant was in the olden time the wheat field
of the Mission San Luis Rev, to which it be-
longed.

MuRRiETTA, un the Temecula branch of the
Santa Fe railroad, was laid out in 1886. The
Murrietta portion (about 14,000 acres) of the
Temecula rancho was purchased by the Teme-
cula Land and Water Company, subdivided and
placed on the market in small tracts in the
autumn of 1884. Grain and hay are the principal
products shipped from Murrietta. There are
two churches in the town, but no saloons.

Elsinore, known as the "Lake City," is
twenty-eight miles south of Riverside. The
town is located between the hills and the shore
of the lake or laguna. This laguna, which gives
name to the rancho, is about five miles long by
two wide. Its waters are slightly alkaline. In
1884 Graham, Collier & Heald bought the
Laguna rancho, subdivided it and placed it on
the market in small tracts. The town is famous
for its hot springs. Within its limits there are
over one hundred of these springs. The waters
of these are efificacious in curing bronchial ail-
ments, asthma, dyspepsia, rheumatism and de-
rangements of the liver and kidneys. In the
neighborhood of Elsinore is the most extensive
coal mine in Southern California. The output
of this mine is largely used in operating the fac-
tories for manufacturing vitrified salt glazed
sewer pipe. There is also near Elsinore one of
the largest deposits of potter's clay in the state.
The town is well supplied with schools and
churches, and supports a good weekly news-
paper, the Elsinore Press.

Perris, sixteen miles southeast of Riverside,
is located at the junction of the San Jacinto and
Temecula branches of the Santa Fe railroad.
The town was laid out in 1882. In 1883 the
Southern California railroad was completed to
this point. The San Jacinto branch road was
completed in 1888. Perris has an elevation of
about 1,300 feet above the sea level. It is sur-
rounded by a fine agricultural region. The
failure of the Bear valley irrigation scheme was
a serious drawback to Perris valley, but the dis-
covery that the plain around it is a great artesian
belt has more than recompensed for the loss of
the Bear valley water rights. Near Perris is a
government Indian school, where 150 boys and
girls are being educated and trained i'n the indus-
trial arts.

Winchester is a small town on the San Jacin-
to branch of the Santa Fe railroad, nine miles

304

[IISTORICAL AXIJ L',](_)l iKAPHICAL RKCoKD.

westerly from San Jacinto. It is surrounded
by a fine agricultural country, and is within the
artesian belt.

Laken'iew is connected with the Santa Fe
railroad system by a short branch road, of which
the town is the terminus. It is twenty miles
southeast of Riverside. It derives its name from
its proximity to San Jacinto lake, or sink of the
San Jacinto river. The Lakeview Town Com-
pany, a Chicago association, controls about
10,000 acres of rich fertile mesa varying in ele-
vation from 1,400 to 1,800 feet. The tract is
irrigated from artesian wells.

Hemet is located on the foot hills of the San
Jacinto mountains at an elevation of 1,600 feet.
Its population in 1900 was 905. It has a mag-
nificent water supply, the source of which is
Lake Hemet, an artificial lake made by building
a dam across the lower end of the Hemet valley
at an elevation of 4,200 feet. The dam is con-
structed of granite, and is 100 feet thick at the
bottom and 30 feet at the top, and 122 feet high.
The dam flows the water back nearly three miles.
This water supply covers about 7,000 acres.
Hemet has a fine hotel costing $35,000. It has
the only flouring mill in Riverside county.
Hemet is the starting point for Strawberry.
Stages run to the valley during the summer.

San J.\cinto City is the temiinus of the San
Jacinto branch of the Santa Fe railroad. It is
the oldest town in the county. The nucleus of
the San Jacinto settlement dates back into the
Mexican era. The rancho San Jacinto ^^iejo
was granted to one of the Estudillos in the early
'40s, and included some 36.000 acres of the
choicest land in the valley. The lines of the
grant were so run as to take in most of the
San Jacinto river. This gave the rancho control
of abmit all the pasture lands of the val-
ley.

A s\ ndicate of capitalists in the early '80s pur-
chased 18,000 acres of this rancho, and laid out
the town of San Jacinto. The town was incor-
porated April 9, 1888. The corporate limits
take in six sections of land. It is substantially
built, most of the buildings being of brick. It
was severely shaken by the earthquake of De-
cember 25. 1899, but no lives were lost in the
city. San Jacinto is an important shipping point.
having abotit 200.000 acres of choice fruit and
grain lands tributary to it.

Strawuerry \'ai.i.ev, an elevated plateau in
the San Jacinto mountains, twenty-two miles
from San Jacinto, has for many years been a
popular summer resort. It has an elevation
above the sea level of 5.200 feet. The valley is
timbered with ])ine and oak, and lias three
streams of running water and several s])rings.
There were furnicrlv two hotels in the vallev,

the old hotel at Strawberr}' and a small one at
Idyl wild.

in the fall of 1899 a syndicate of Los Angeles
physicians, of which Dr. F. T. Bicknell is presi-
dent, bought the 120 acres on which the old
hotel was located: and next they secured the
Idylwild tract containing 160 acres. They have
since purchased adjoining tracts, making in all
1,090 acres of mountain land. This corporation,
known as the California Health Resort Compan\',
is constructing a large central building of sixty
rooms for a sanatorium. Besides the main build-
ing there will be a number of cottages of from
three to five rooms each, the occupants of which
will take their meals in the dining hall of the
main building. In addition to these improve-
ments the association has laid of? the village of
Idylwild, where cottages will be built for rent.
The creeks and springs afTord a plentiful supply
of pure mountain water.

BE.A.UM0NT was formerly known as San Gor-
gonia. It is a station on the Southern Pacific
railroad, and is located on the divide or summit
of the San Gorgonia Pass, at an elevation of
2,500 feet above the sea level. The town was
laid out in 1887, and had for a time quite a rapid
growth. It has at present two mercantile estab-
lishments, one church (Presbyterian), a school-
house of three departments and a hotel. It is
surrounded by a grain-growing district.

Banning, on the Yuma branch of the South-
ern Pacific railroad, was laid out in 1882. A
syndicate of Nevada capitalists purchased a
tract of land, a small plat of which was divided
into town lots and the remainder subdivided
into farm lots. A cement ditch eight miles long
was contructed up into Moore's canon, and an
abundant supply of water secured for the colony
tract. Banning is most picturesquely located.
In its immediate vicinity are J\Iount San Ber-
nardino. Mount San Jacinto and Cirayback, the
three highest peaks in Southern California, and
stretching out to the eastward lies the Colorado
desert. The Banning district produces large
quantities of excellent peaches.

THE CONCHILLA \AI.LEY.

That trite old metaphor, "the desert shall be
made to blossom as the rose" has been literally
verified in a desert section of Riverside county.
While the roses blooming in the desert may not
be very numerous, there are acres of melon
blossoms. Fifty miles eastward from Riverside
City lies the Conchilla (Little Shell) valley, a
part of the Colorado desert. This valley extends
forty miles from northwest to southeast, and is
from five to fifteen miles in width. On three
sides it is inclosed by mountain chains, and on
the fourtli it merges into an un1)roken plain that

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

205

stretches to the Colorado river. Its bottom is
from I20 to 250 feet below the sea level. Several
years since the Southern Pacific managers pro-
cured water at some of their desert stations, but
the sinking of these wells was quite expensive.
Early in the year 1900 the hydraulic process of
well boring was introduced into the valley and
proved quite successful. Bountiful supplies of
fresh water were struck at depths varying from
350 to 600 feet.

As soon as it was known, that an abundance
of artesian water for irrigation could be obtained
at a moderate cost there was a rush for claims..
-Vctual settlement did not I^egin until Septem-
ber and October, 1900, and but few of the set-
tlers had their wells bored and their land cleared
for cultivation before February, 1901. The crop
that seemed to assure the quickest returns and
the most profit was melons. By the middle of
June the farmers had harvested their grain crops
and were shipping cantaloupes and watermelons
to Chicago at the rate of a car load a day. There
are now about fifty flowing wells in the valley,
which will eventually form a fruitful oasis in the
desert. The heat and the entire absence of fogs
ripen fruits and melons from six weeks to two
months earlier than any other part of the United
States. As an example of the value at which
land is held, an offer of $8,000 was refused for
the relinquishment of a homestead claim of 160
acres, of which only fifty acres has been brought
under cultivation.

SOME TWENTIETH CENTURY EXEXTS.

Among the leading events that have agitated
Riverside City and county the present year
(1 901) may be named the building of a city high
school at a cost of $30,000, the purchase of the
Chalmers block at a cost of $20,000 for a court
house and county jail site, the donation of
$20,000 by the millionaire philanthropist, An-
drew Carnegie, to the city of Riverside for the
erection of a free library building, the letting
of a contract by the board of supervisors for the
construction of a $35,000 county jail, and the
laying of the corner stone of the Sherman
Institute, an Indian school. The question of
building a new jail called forth considerable
discussion. Some invidious comparisons were
made in regard to the policy of building a $30.-
000 high school for the accommodation of 300
high school pupils and the building of a $35,000
jail for the reception of a dozen or so hobos.
The supervisors nevertheless decided to build
the jail.

THE SHERMAN

Nearly fifty years ago Hon. ]'.. 1). Wilson, in
1 ahle report on the condition of llic Southern

California Indians, their needs, their treatment
by the whites, the laws enacted for their gov-
ernment, and the cruelties to which they were
subjected, sums up the Indian's status thus:
"All punishment — no reform ;"' and such has
been his fate under the rule of Spain, of Mexico
and of the United States.

Though long delayed, for the remnants of the
Southern California Indians happier days are
coming. These wards of the nation are to be
cared for and given a chance to reform. En-
lightened statesmanship has taken away the gov-
ernmental support formerly given to sectarian
Indian schools, and has established instead secu-
lar institutions for his intellectual and industrial
training.

Nearly ten years ago the superintendent of
Indians affairs under President Harrison recom-
mended the establishing at some point on the
Pacific slope a government school for the in-
dustrial training of Indian youth, similar to the
great school at Carlisle, Pa. During President
McKinley's first term commissioners were sent
to look over the field. They recommended the
location of a school at some point south of Te-
hachepi. The fifty-fifth congress appropriated
$75,000 for the purchase of land and erection
of buildings. The commissioners authorized to
select a site recommended that offered by River-
side, and congress ratified its purchase. This
site consists of forty acres on ^Magnolia avenue,
near Arlington. The present congress voted an
additional appropriation for the erection of
buildings and other improvements. The plans
for twelve brick buildings, suitable for school
rooms, dormitories, offices, laundry, mess hall,
etc., were drawn by a government architect in
accordance with suggestions made by Capt. A.
C. Tonner, assistant superintendent of Indian
affairs. A contract for the construction of these
buildings was let to Lynn & Lewis of Redlands
for $150,000, the buildings to be completed by
March i, 1902.

July 18, 1901, was a gala day for Riverside. It
was the day designated for the laying of the cor-
nerstone of the Sherman Institute, an institu-
tion that is to be made the great Indian school
of the west. Every portion of Southern Cali-
fornia was represented and there were repre-
sentative men from the northern and central
parts of the state. United States Senator Per-
kins presided and Hon. Will. A. Harris of Los
Angeles delivered the oration of the day. A
guitar and mandolin club of twenty girls
from the Indian school at Perris and a
brass band composed of twenty-six boys from
the same school furnished the instrumental
music for the occasion. Quartets of Indian

'.'06

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

dered vocnl selections that were highly appre-
ciated.

The school is named for Hon. James S. Sher-
man, congressman from the twenty-fifth con-
gressional district of New York and chaimian of
the committee on Indian affairs of the present
house of representatives. He has been active
in securing the appropriation and in furthering
the interests of the school.

It is estimated that there are about 600 In-

dian children in the various Indian reservations
of Southern California without school facilities.
If these are left to grow up on the reservations
they will follow in the footsteps of their fathers.
The only hope of "reform" for the Indians of
Southern California is in the removal of the
young from the evil environments of the reser-
vations and an industrial training in schools such
as the Sherman Institute is intended to be.

BIOGRAPHICAL

PREFACE

The high standing of Southern California is due not alone to its ideal climate and the rare
beauty of its scenery. Other regions, boasting an environment as attractive, have nevertheless
remained unknown to the great ^vorkl of commerce and of thought. When we study the progress
made by the various cities and counties of Southern California, especially during the two last
decades of the nineteenth century and the opening years of the twentieth century, we are led to
the conclusion that the present gratifying condition is due to the enterprise of public-spirited citizens.
They have not only developed commercial possibilities and horticultural resources, but they have
also maintained a commendable interest in public affairs, and have given to their commonwealth
some of its ablest statesmen. The prosperity of the past has been gratifying; and, with the build-
ing of the canal to connect the Atlantic and the Pacific, with the increasing of railroad facilities,
with the further development of local resources, there is every reason to believe that the twentieth
century will witness the most marvelous growth this region has ever made.

The preceding pages have been devoted to a resume of the history of Southern California,
while in the following pages m-ention is made of many of the men who have contributed to the
development and progress of this region, — not only capable business men of the present day, but
also honored pioneers of years gone by. In the compilation of this work and the securing of neces-
sary data, a number of writers have been engaged for many months. They have visited leading
citizens and used every endeavor to produce a work accurate and trustworthy in every detail.
Owing to the great care exercised, and to the fact that every opportunity was given to those rep-
resented to secure accuracy in their biographies, the publishers believe they are giving to their read-
ers a volume containing few errors of consequence. The biographies of a number of representa-
tive citizens will be missed from the work. In some instances this was caused by their absence
from home when our writers called, and in some instances was caused by a failure on the part of
the men themselves to understand the scope of the work. The publishers, however, have done all
within their power to make this work a representative one.

The value of the data herein presented will grow with the passing years. Posterity will pre-
serve the volume with care, from the fact that it perpetuates biographical history that otherwise
would be wholly lost. In those now far-distant days will be realized, to a greater extent than at
the present time, the truth uf Macaulay's statement, "The history of a country is best told in the
lives of its people."

Chapm.-\n Publishing Co.,
. . Chicasro.

"LET THE HECORD BE MADE OF THE MEN AND THINGS OF TODAY,
LEST THEY PASS OCT OF MEMORY TOMORROW AND ARE LOST. THEN,
PERPETUATE THEM NOT UPON WOOD OH STONE THAT CRUMBLE TO DUST,
BUT UPON PAPER, CHRONICLED IN PICTURE AND IN WORDS THAT EN-
DURE FOREVER."— A'i'iWanrt.

'A TRUE DELINEATION OF THE SMALLEST MAN AND HIS SCENE OF
lOUQH LIFE IS CAPABLE OF INTERESTING THE GREAT-
EST MAN. ALL MEN ARE TO AN UNMISTAKABLE DEGREE BROTHERS,
EACH MAN'S LIFE A STRANGE EMBLEM OF EVERY MAN'S; AND HUMAN
PORTRAITS, FAITHFULLY DRAWN, ARE, OF ALL PICTURES, THE WEL-
COMEST ON HUMAN WALLS."— TftomO* Catiljlc.

4^^^r4

HON. THOMAS ROBERT BARD.

HON. THOMAS ROBERT BARD. The
family of which United States Senator Bard is
a distinguished member was founded in Amer-
ica by Richard Bard, who, with his father, Archi-
bald Bard, crossed the ocean in 1745 and settled
m Pennsylvania. In common with other pio-
neers, Richard Bard experienced many trials
and vicissitudes, not the least of which was
the capture of himself and wife by the Indians,
April 19, 1758. Five days later he effected his
escape, after which he made constant efforts to
secure the release of his wife. Finally, after
more tb.an a year of captivity, she was given up
at Fort DuQuesne for a ransom of forty pounds
sterling. A son of Richard Bard was Thomas
Bard, a native of Franklin coimty, Pa. The lat-
ter's son, Robert M., was born in that county in
1810 and died there in 1851. He married Eliza-
beth S. Little, who was born at ]\Iercersburg,
Pa., in 1812, and died in 1880. She was a daugh-
ter of Dr. P. W. Little, and granddaughter of
Col. Robert Parker, a Revolutionary officer.

Into the family of Robert j\l. and Elizabeth S.
Bard, a son, Thomas Robert, was born at Cham-
bersburg. Pa., December 8, 1841. His education
was secured principally in Chambersburg Acad-
emy, from which he was graduated, with the
honors of his class, at eighteen years of age.
In 1859 he studied law under Hon. George
Chamliers, a retired supreme justice of the state
of Pennsylvania; however, preferring an active
life, he soon turned his atteiUion to railroad and
mining engineering, in which he received a
practical training in the Allegheny mountains.
Later he accepted a position in a forwarding and
commission house at Ilagerstown, Pa., and was
there during the war period, when, owing to his
])rniiounced Union sympathies, his life was more
than once in peril. He was on the battlefield of
Antietam during that great engagement and,
though not a soldier, entered the lists and fought
for the Union. About that time he rendered
valuable services for the assistant secretary of
war, Col. Thomas A. Scott, who, after tlie Con-
federates in a raid had burned the residence of
Mr. Bard's mother, at Chambersburg, induced
him to go to California to take charge ot the
Colonel's business interests.

Early in 1865 Mr. Bard settled in Ventura

county, where he has since been a leading citi-
zen. For a time he superintended the California
Petroleum Company's affairs on Rancho Ojai,
in which Colonel Scott was interested, but later
he turned his attention to the management of
the Colonel's property, consisting of the fol-
lowing ranchos: Simi, 113,000 acres; Las Posas,
26,600; San Francisco, 48,000; Calleguas, 10,-
000; El Rio de Santa Clara, 45,000; Canada
Larga, 6,600; and Ojai, 16,000, besides his lands
in Los Angeles and Humboldt counties, about
12,000 acres, making a total of 277,000 acres.
The management of these vast interests required
the greatest tact and energy, owing especially
to disputes concerning titles which caused ill
feeling; but the lands of which he disposed have
been found to have perfect titles.

In 1871 Mr. Bard built the wharf at Hueneme
and laid out the town. For years he has been
president of the Hueneme Bank and the Hue-
neme Wharf Company, also president of the
Sespe Oil Company, which controls large areas
of oil territory; president of the Torrey Canon
Oil Company; and president of the Mission
Transfer Company, whicii owns the pipe lines
and refineries at Santa Paula. After the incor-
poration of the Bank of Ventura, he was chosen
its president, which position he filled for fifteen
years. He organized the Simi Land and Water
Company and the Las Posas Land and Water
Company. On the death of Colonel Scott in
1882, he was appointed administrator of his Cal-
ifornia estate and disposed of the same in the
interests of the heirs.

The homestead of Air. Bard, known as "Beryl-
wood," is one of unusual beauty. The grounds
are attractively laid out, with long avenues of
palms and other ornamental and shade trees.
The choicest plants and most beautiful flowers
add to the artistic completeness of the scene.
Indeed, floriculture may be said to be Senator
Bard's hobby, and when he traveled abroad in
1899, his first quest was a study of the flora of
different European countries. It has been his
ambition to secure for his California home rare
and choice plants, and he has propagated new
varieties, having in this way secured the rose
known as the "Beauty of Berylwood." The
grounds at Berylwood resemble a great English

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

estate and are among the most beautiful in
Southern California. In connection with the
property there is an apricot orchard, from which
a handsome income is assured.

Ever since coming west Mr. Bard has been
one of the active workers in the Republican
party. Several times he Vias elected supervisor
of Santa Barbara county, before Ventura county
was formed. In 1884 he served as a delegate to
the Blaine convention at Chicago, and in 1892
was chosen to act as a presidential elector. The
greatest honor of his life came to him February
8, 1900, when he was elected to the United
States senate, being tlic unanimous choice of
the Republican members of the state legislature.
Since becoming senator, much of his time has
necessarily been spent in Washington, and there
he has guarded the interests of his constituents
and proved himself to be a worthy representa-
tive of the greatest state of the west. The trust
reposed in him he has never violated: on the
contrary, he has ever been watchful of the peo-
ple's interests and has been a stanch advocate
of measures calculated to promote California's
development. From his youth he has been a
keen judge of men, and this trait has proved
helpful to him in the discharge of his many
duties; indeed, it is said that his first impressions
of men are seldom incorrect, and that he has
seldom had occasion to regret a confidence once
reposed in another.

In 1876 iMr. Bard married Miss Mary Gcrber-
ding, who was born in California in 1858, being
a daughter of E. O. Gerberding, the founder of
the San Francisco Bulletin. Their marriage was
solemnized at the family residence on Clay
street, San Francisco, where Mrs. Gerberding
still makes her home. Born to their union were
eight children, seven of whom are living, viz.:
Beryl, ]\Iary L., Anna Greenwell, Thomas G.,
Elizabeth Parker, Richard and Bernard Philip.
In order that the children may have the ad-
vantages offered by the city schools, Mr. Bard
purchased a residence on West Adams street,
Los Angeles, and there the family spend the
winters, returning to their country estate in
Ventura county for the summer months.
Senator Bard was reared in the Presbyterian
faith, to which he has always adhered, but he is
very liberal and broad in his views and
thoroughly sympathizes with all movements and
societies aiming to benefit mankind. He is one
of the principal supporters of the Presbyterian
Church in the Hueneme district and attends its
services when at his country place.

Doubtless California has no citizen better
known throughout the United States than is
Senator Bard. The qualities that gave him
prominence in his own state have also made him
a notable addition to a body numbering among
its members some of the most able and gifted
men of our country, and it may be safely pre-

dicted that the eminence already attained by
Southern California will be enhanced by the wise
efforts of its representative in the U. S. Senate.

HON. STEPHEN MALLORY WHITE.
Some lives, though short as we count the years,
are nevertheless long Avhen estimated by the
amount accomplished in private business enter-
prises or in public service. Of Stephen M.
\\'hite it may be said that his life is "measured
not by years, but by intensity." Into an exist-
ence covering less than half a century he
crowded experiences and secured resuhs not
often attained in a life that stretches beyond the
allotted three score and ten. Only the posses-
sion of extraordinarj- ability can account for his
pre-eminence. Beginning his career as an office-
holder of the state in 1886 and as a United States
senator in 1893, in the comparatively short pe-
riod that elapsed from these dates to the time
of his death, he achieved a national reputation,
and was a constant promoter of California's
prosperity and commercial welfare.

Undoubtedly Senator \Miitc inherited much
of his ability from his father, William F., himself
a man of literary tastes and the author of "Early
Days in California." A native of Ireland, edu-
cated in New York City, he came to California,
accompanied by his bride, in 1849, and spent
his remaining years in this state, principally re-
siding on his large ranch at Watsonville, Santa
Cruz county. He married Fannie Russell, a
relative of Hon Stephen Mallory, of Florida,
whose son served in the United States senate
at the same time with Stephen Mallory White.
At this writing j\Irs. Fannie White resides in
San Francisco. In her family there were two
sons and six daughters who attained mature
years, and all are living excepting Stephen M.
One of the family, Edward, resides at Watson-
ville.

In San Francisco, Stephen M. White was born
January 19, 1853. His boyhood days were
largely passed on the ranch in Santa Cruz
county. He was educated in St. Ignatius Col-
lege at San Francisco, and in Santa Clara Col-
lege, from which he was graduated with the
degree of B. S. After having been admitted to
the bar, in the fall of 1874 he came to Los An-
geles, where he was soon recognized as a prom-
ising lawyer and able man. His election to the
office of district attorney, in 1883, was a tribute
to his ability and the recognition of the same, by
the people. It was largely due to his admirable
ser\-ice in that capacity that he was selected as
one able to represent the district in the state
senate. His election in 1886 may be termed the
beginning of his public career. Thenceforward
he remained in the service of his state and coun-
try. Soon after he became senator the governor,
Washington Bartlctt, died, and Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor Waterman became chief executive, which

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

215

caused Mr. White to be made presiding officer
of the senate in die first session and acting lieu-
tenant-governor in the second session. His
thorough knowledge of parliamentary law en-
abled him to fill these positions with fairness to
all and in a manner preventing criticism from
any.

Tlie stanch advocacy of Democratic principles
bv Senator White brought him into notice
among those of his party throughout the state
Lud nation. His ability as a leader was unques-
tioned, his knowledge of parliamentary law un-
e.xcelled by any statesman, and his insight into
questions of state thorough and comprehensive.
In 1888 he w-as delegate-at-large to the Demo-
cratic national convention, of which he was
chosen temporary chairman. Four years later
he was a delegate, and again in 1896 served as
delegatc-at-large and permanent chairman. His
career as United States senator began in 1893,
and during his service in Washington he made a
notable record for thorough work in questions of
finance and commerce. Perhaps, however, his
greatest work, and that which will stand as his
monument, was in connection with the establish-
ment of the harbor at San Pedro. For this measure
he stood with his whole heart. He gave himself
unreservedly to promoting its success; this, too,
in spite of the enormous moneyed interests ar-
ra3-ed by the opposition. Finally, after a strug-
gle that would have daunted a man less deter-
mined, he conquered, and the harbor was estab-
lished that is destined to be a mighty factor in
the future growth of California. What the
future might have held for him is beyond our
ken, but it might reasonably be supposed that,
had he been spared to old age, the remainder
of his life would have been given to public serv-
ice and to a championship of measures calculated
to promote the welfare of the state. When he
passed away, February 21, 1901, there were not
wanting men who believed that the greatest
Democrat west of the Rocky Mountain region
had been called away; be that as it may, certain
it is that his death removed one of the notable
figures in the senate during the latter part of the
nineteenth century and one of California's great-
est statesmen.

In Los Angeles, June 5, 1883, Mr. White mar-
ried Miss Hortense Sacriste, who was born in
A'orth Carolina and came to Los Angeles with
her father in 1873, afterward going east and
completing her education in a convent at Phila-
delphia. Her acquaintance wdth Senator White
began when she was fifteen years of age, and they
were married as soon as her education was fin-
ished. Born of their union were four children now
living, William Stephen, Fstelle, Hortense and
Gerald Griffin. Her grandparents, Francis and
Eliza (Genotelle) Sacriste, resided near Phila-
delphia, where the former engaged in manufac-
turing. Her father, Charles, was born at Bor-

deau.x, France, and received his education in a
Quaker college at \Vilmington, Del. After com-
ing to Los Angeles he started the first woolen
manufactory in this city, it being located on
Sixth and Pearl streets. His death occurred in
1890. His wife, Ann (O'Neill) Sacriste, was
born in Ireland and received her education in a
convent at Wilmington, Del. Some years after
the death of her husband she passed away in
Los Angeles. They were the parents of eleven
children, only four of whom are living, Mrs.
White being the youngest of these. The other
daughter resides at Santa Clara, Cal., w'hile the
two sons make their home in Virginia.

HON. ORESTES ORR. For some years
past the Republican party in Ventura county has
had as one of its principal members ex-Senator
Orr, a resident of the city of Ventura since 1878.
His prominence in the party may be judged from
the fact that for several terms he was chosen
chairman of the county central committee, while
for many years he was a member of the state
central committee. The various positions to
which he has been elected have come to him
from his party and are a tribute to his popularity
and a just recognition of his worth. For three
successive terms he served as district attorney,
being elected in 1884, 1886 and 1888, and serv-
ing until January, 1891. On the Republican
ticket, in 1892, he was nominated for senator and
was elected, over two opponents, by a large plu-
rality, serving in the state legislative sessions of
1893 and 1895. During his first term he was
chairman of the committee on roads and high-
ways and in 1895 was honored by the chairman-
ship of the committee on corporations, both of
w-hich positions he filled in an efficient and cred-
itable manner. At the expiration of his second
term he was not a candidate for re-election, but
resumed the practice of law, in which he had
previously been engaged.

The Orr family is of Scotch descent, but the
first of the family in America came from county
Donegal, Ireland. They possessed the sturdy
characteristics of the Scotch-Irish race, and
these qualities have been transmitted to their
descendants. The great-grandfather of Mr. Orr
settled in Pennsylvania, where the grandfather,
Russell, was born and reared. In early man-
hood the latter settled in Mahoning county,
Ohio, where he afterward improved a farm.
The father, Casselman, was born on that home-
stead and when a young man sought a home-
stead for himself among the cheaper lands of
the Mississippi valley, settling in Wayne county,
111., where he cleared and improved a farm and
remained until his death. He married Mary E.
Willett, who w-as born in Ohio and died in'lUi-
nois. Her father, George Willett, a Virginian
by birth, sojourned in Ohio a few years, and
then established his permanent home in Wayne

216

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

county, 111. The Willctts are an old \irginian
family, of English origin.

In a family of three sons and three daughters
(all living), Orestes Orr was the oldest and was
born near Fairfield, Wayne county, 111., Decem-
ber 5, 1857. As a boy he attended district
schools in Illinois. Showing the possession of
qualities that fitted him for the law, be deter-
mined to fit himself for that profession, and
accordingly took up his studies in Fairfield.
Coming to' \'entura, Cal, in 1878, he continued
his studies in the office of Williams & Williams,
and in 1881 was admitted to the bar, since which
time he has engaged in practice, with the excep-
tion of the period spent in the state senate, l-'or
one term he was city attorney. This was during
the early period of his practice and furnished
him with the practical experience so essential to
complete success in the law. Fraternally he is
connected with the Elks at Santa Barbara, and
is also identified with the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows. His marriage took place in \'en-
tura and united him with Aliss Ella M. Com-
stock, who was born in Oskaloosa, Iowa. They
are the parents of three children, Charles, Addie
and Frank.

JOHN M. RADEBAUGH, M. D. The pio-
neer physician of Pasadena is a descendant of
two of Pennsylvania's oldest families. On the
paternal side he represents the fourth generation
from Peter Radebaugh, a captain in the Revo-
lutionary conflict; the third generation from
Jacob, a merchant; and the second generation
from John Radebaugh, a native of Franklin
county. Pa., a soldier in the war of 181 2 and for
years a large real-estate owner in Chambersburg,
Pa. The family was founded in America by
H'einrich Radebaugh, father of Capt. Peter,
and an emigrant from Germany to Lancaster,
Pa., in 1738. When the Reformed Church was
established the family had cast in their fortunes
with those of the new faith, and succeeding gen-
erations adhered to the same belief.

Through maternal ancestry Dr. Radebaugh
traces his descent from Peter Middelkauf?, who
came from Germany to America in 1728 and set-
tled in Lancaster county, F*a. His son, Leonard,
served as a private in the Revolutionary war,
and in defense of the same cause fought side by
.•^ide with three of his wife's brothers, bearing the
family name of Castle. This Revolutionary sol-
dier had a son, Jacob, who was a farmer in
Adams county. Pa. Next in line of descent was
David, who inherited the valor of his Revolu-
tionary ancestor and ofifered iiis services to the
country in tlie war of 1812. At nineteen years
of age he was brevet-major. At the close of the
war he took up mercantile pursuits in Gettys-
burg, Pa., and became so prominent in Adams
county that he was elected from there to the
state li-gislaturc and senate, serving in the for-

mer body for a period of fifteen years. Though
he was about seventy years of age when the
Civil war broke out, years had not extinguished
the fire of his patriotism, and he was as eager
to serve his country as he had been fifty years
before. His service at that time as captain of
ihe Pennsylvania Cavalry Company Militia was
remarkable by reason of his unusual age for ac-
tive service. His death occurred in Shippens-
burg. Fie had married Susan Mark, whose
grandfather was a captain in the first war with
England.

The father of Dr. Radebaugh was John, a na-
tive of Chambersburg, Pa., a graduate of Penn-
sylvania College, and a practicing attorney in
the city of his birth. While he was still too
yo'.mg to have achieved success, at the very out-
set of his career, when twenty-eight years of
age, death brought to an untimely end all of his
activities and blasted the hopes he had cherished
for a successful future. He had married Mary
MiddelkaufT, who was born in Gettysburg, Pa.,
and who survived him many years, dying when
sixty-three. Of their union two children w-ere
born, but David died in infancy, and John was
the only one to attain maturity. He was born in
Chambersburg March 11, 1851, and grew to
manhood in Gettysburg. After having prepared
for college in Chambersburg Academy, in 1866
he entered Pennsylvania College, where he took
the complete course, graduating in 1870 with the
degree of A. B. Three years later the degiee of
A. M. was conferred upon him. During the
same year (1873) he was graduated from the
medical department of the University of Penn-
sylvania and received the degree of M. D. By
competitive examination he was awarded a posi-
tion as interne in the Orthopedic Hospital,
where he remained a year, afterward being for
fifteen months connected with the Philadelphia
Hospital. The experience gained in these two
institutions was of inestimable value to him when
lie began in practice for himself, which he did
in Philadelphia. After a year of private practice
there he joined his stepfather. Dr. Robert
Horner, a graduate of the University of Penn-
sylvania, the two practicing together in Gettvs-
burg.

When Dr. Radebaugh came to Pasadena in
1881, it was not only his first glimpse of this
now beautiful city, but also his first visit to the
coast. Being pleased with the country, he de-
cided to remain, and he has since made Pasadena
his home. He was the first physician to build
an office here, the location lie selected being
now the site of the Carrollton Hotel. At the
lime there were only two physicians in the com-
munity, and both of these "were ranchers, de-
voting little time to the profession. Hence he
deserves the title of "pioneer physician." He
is now located on Euclid avenue and conducts a
general practice, in addition to which he served

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

219

as a member of the board of health from its or-
ganization until 1 90 1. By means of study in the
Post-Graduate School of New York City he
has kept in touch with the many developments
made in therapeutics since he completed his
university course, and his knowledge is further
enlarged by the careful perusal of medical jour-
nals and other literature bearing upon the pro-
fession, also by his active connection with Cali-
fornia State and Los Angeles County Medical
Societies. Though not active in politics to the
extent of partisanship, he is nevertheless a
strong Republican. In religion he is of the
Episcopalian faith.

ELLWOOD COOPER. It is the opinion of
many that there is no region where wise judg-
ment and tireless industry bring more satisfac-
tory results than in this far western state. With
a soil that readily responds to cultivation and a
climate that is unsurpassed, the horticulturist
has much to aid him in his efforts to gain suc-
cess; and certainly, if the career of Ellwood
Cooper may be taken as an example, a young
man has great opportuniiies in the field of hor-
ticulture in California. Ellwood ranch is known
throughout the entire country. To the student
of progress it presents a type unique and inter-
esting. Established by its present owner in
1870, it has since been developed from a seem-
ingly barren waste into a valuable homestead.
The owner is a man who has made a thorough
study of horticulture, and his knowledge of the
science was recognized some years ago by his
election as president of ttie State Board of Hor-
ticulture. A practical test has been made of
many theories he held, and in this way he has
promoted his own success, as well as advanced
the science of horticulture. He is a leader, pos-
sessing the resourceful mind, the keen judgment
and the originality of thought that fit him for
projecting new ideas and new methods of work
into his chosen occupation.

Ellwood ranch lies twelve miles west of Santa
Barbara and is intersected by Hollister avenue.
It comprises two thousand acres, the western
portion of wliicli extends from the ocean to the
mountains. At the foothills there are a number
of tenements and other houses, occupied by the
employes of the ranch, and lying seven-eighths
of a mile from Hollister avenue. One of the
most noticeai)le features of the property is the
olive oil manufacturing plant, which is the larg-
est in California, and from which is turned out
more oil than from any other plant in the world.
Two hundred and fifty acres are planted in an
olive orchard, comprising twelve thousand five
hundred trees. j\Ir. Cooper is the pioneer olive-
grower of Santa Barbara county, having planted
his first trees in 1S72, and since then he has
demonstrated that the olive is one of the most
profitable trees grown here.

Besides the olives, there are one hundred
acres in English walnuts, with about four thou-
sand trees; and more than one thousand decidu-
ous fruit trees. To protect these trees from the
ocean v>'inds and to modify the climate, Mr.
Cooper planted a large number of eucalyptus
trees, comprising twent3'-five varieties of this
genus. In addition to the fruit industry, many
hundred acres are devoted to grain and grazing,
the owner having a herd of one hundred and
fifty Jersey cattle, from which he supplies butter
to Santa Barbara and San Francisco. In an
article in the Youth's Companion the Marquis
of Lome refers to Mr. Cooper as a "gentleman
who has a magnificent farm on the Pacific and
has shown that California can produce better
olive oil than France, Spain or Italy; grapes as
good as any man could desire; English walnuts
and European almonds in crops whereof the old
countries hardly ever dream; oranges, lemons
and Japanese persimmons, with other fruit and
crops too numerous to mention; and all hedged
from the gentle sea winds by belts and bands of
Australian eucalypti, which grow in ten years
to one hundred feet. But such a paradise
is not for the beginner, who must make his
money before he indulges in so many broad
acres."

Tracing the ancestry of the Cooper family, we
find that they are of English extraction and
Quaker belief, and adhered to the peace-loving
customs of their sect. The first of the name in
America came with William Penn from Eng-
land. The grandfather, Jeremiah, was a son of
John Cooper, and a woolen manufacturer, while
the father of our subject, Morris, was a farmer
and miller. The wife of Morris Cooper was
Phoebe Barnaby, who like him was a native of
Pennsylvania and the descendant of English
Quakers. Ellwood Cooper was born in Lan-
caster county. Pa., in Alay, 1829, and received
school advantages. When quite young he went
to Philadelphia, where he worked in a store for
a year, and then joined an importing and ship-
ping house. His employers, .Samuel A. Lewis &
Bro., were engaged in the Brazilian trade, prin-
cipally with Pcrnambuco and Rio de Janeiro.
In 1855 he left Philadelphia, taking a position
with a shipping house in the West Indies,
where he remained ten years, being for a year
head clerk and afterward a partner in the busi-
ness. His home was at Port au Prince, .St. Do-
mingo. The unhealthful climate finally forced
him to return to the States, and afterward he
connected himself with a mercantile house in
New York, that ran a line of steamboats, built
ships and had vessels trading with many differ-
ent countries. They were both importers and
exporters, and conducted a large commission
business. The revolution in Cuba during
Grant's administration and the troubles in Hayti
before the overthrow of General Salnave caused

220

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the firm great losses in money, although in other
respects they were uniformly prosperous.

Tlie inclement climate of the Atlantic sea-
board led Mr. Cooper to invest in California
property and m 1870 he came to Santa Barbara
county and settled upon the ranch which he had
purchased before leaving the east. This has
been the scene of his subsequent activities and
successes. His knowledge of horticulture is so
extensive and thorough that he has been re-
peatedly requested to furnish articles on the sub-
ject to newspapers and periodicals, and he has
been a very frequent contributor to the Santa
Barbara Press. In addition he is the author of
three books: "Report of Trade, with Statistics,
between the United States and San Domingo;"
"Fruit Culture and Eucalyptus Trees;" and
"Treatise on Olive Culture." Through these
various publications he has done much to direct
attention to needed reforms in fruit-growing and
to arouse attention on the part of intelligent
men in this industry. With the firmest faith in
California's future, he has never hesitated to
proclaim the richness of her resources and the
wide range of her possibilities. Indeed, it is to
such men as he that the state owes its present
standing. One phase of the olive industry in
which he has been particularly interested is its
introduction as a food and medicine. Physicians
testify to the value of pure olive oil as a reme-
dial agency, possessing a direct alterative effect
in constitutional diseases and restoring to a
worn-out or broken-down tissue just such ele-
ments of repair as its reconstruction demands.
It is also used with happy results for massage,
inunctions and bathing. Hence its introduction
into the homes throughout our countr)- will be
attended by helpful consequences, and he is a
true friend of humanity who labors toward that
end.

In Philadelphia, in 1853, occurred the mar-
riage of Mr. Cooper and Miss Sarah P. Moore,
a native of Pennsylvania and a descendant of
Quaker ancestors who accompanied William
Penn to America. One son and two daughters
comprise the family of Mr. and Mrs. Cooper.
The former, Henry, is in charge of the oil manu-
facturing industry. The latter, Ellen and Fan-
nie, also reside on the home ranch.

The political belief of Mr. Cooper brings him
into hearty sympathy with the Republican party.
He was an ardent admirer of President Mc-
Kinley as embodying the highest type of Amer-
ican spirit and American impulse, and ap-
proves of the protective system known as the
McKinley tariff; also supported his conservative
and determined course in the Cuban difficulties;
admired the very able manner in which the in-
cidents arising out of the Spanish war were
managed; champions the policy adopted in the
Chinese outbreak; and, in a word, believes that
the prosperity enjoyed by the United States the

past few years is directly attributable to the
lamented martyr president, William McKinley.

DE LA GUERRA FAMILY. Hon. Pablo
de la Guerra, ex-lieutenant governor of Califor-
nia, was bom in Santa Barbara, November 29,
1819. His father, Don Jose Antonio, was a son
of Don Juan Jose de la Guerra, and, following the
Spanish custom of adding to the paternal surname
the name of the mother's family, he was known
as Don Jose Antonio de la Guerra y Noriega.
Born March 6, 1779. in Novales, Spain, in 1797
he went to the city of Mexico, where he was em-
ployed by his uncle, Don Pedro Noriega, in the
mercantile line. In 1801 he arrived in California
and settled at Santa Barbara, in whose early his-
tory he was destined to become an important
factor. He became so large a land-owner that
at one time his possessions aggregated two hun-
dred and fifty thousand acres, including the fol-
lowing ranches: San Julian, forty-eight thou-
sand acres; Simi, ninety-six thousand acres;
Las Pozas, forty-eight thousand acres (where
Santa Paula and other towns now lie); Tapo
vineyard, fourteen thousand; El Conejo, twenty-
four thousand five hundred, and Los Alamos,
forty-eight thousand acres. Nearly all these
tracts were stocked with many thousands of cat-
tle, sheep and horses. He owned the de la
Guerra gardens, in the center of what is now
Santa Barbara. \\'hile acting as military gov-
ernor of Alta California, he resided on the corner
of what is now Santa Barbara and Canon Per-
dido, called "El Presidio," but this place be-
coming too small for his family, he built the de
la Guerra mansion, which is a well-preserved
historic house of Santa Barbara.

The marriage of the Don united him with
Doiia Maria Antonia Carrillo, who was born in
Lower California, of Spanish descent. In 1810,
when Mexico claimed independence, he was
appointed Habilitado General from both Califor-
nias to the vice-royal government in Mexico,
and, starting toward the capital with his family,
he was captured at San Bias by the patriots,
then in revolt against Spain. Many others were
arrested at the same time and a large number
were shot, but, he being among the last to be
captured, miraculously escaped, saved by the
tidings of the approach of the Spanish General
Callejas. On joining the Spanish forces he found
his wife, who had become separated from him.
He also lost a writing desk containing $30,000,
but three days later he met a priest whom he
knew and who by chance had found and recog-
nized the writing desk. On the delivery of the
desk, the owner was pleasantly surprised to find
that the money had not been molested. With
this sum he bought a vessel and returned to
Santa Barbara. In 181 1 he was appointed to
the command of the troops at San Diego, and
there he made his home for some years. In 1817

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

321

lie was appointed captain of the troops at Santa
Barbara and returned thither, which afterward
continued his home, with the exception of a
brief period spent in Mexico as Habihtado Gen-
eral.

Finding that in Santa Barbara there was a
scarcity of every convenience of hfe, he gave
his influence toward the development of mate-
rial resources and the establishing of new in-
dustries. Among other things he established
an olive oil plant, a flour mill, carpenter and
blacksmith's shop, shoe store, bakery, soap fac-
tory, general warehouse, and drug and dry-
goods store, all of these being in the rear of
the mansion, except the soap factory, drugs
and dry-goods store, which were within twenty
feet of the present city hall. One of the cap-
tain's most enjoyable duties was the distribu-
tion of soap, gratis, to the Indians and Mexi-
cans, who came each week to receive their al-
lowance, which was given to them with a joke
or pleasant remark. Then, too, they often re-
ceived donations of clothing, blankets, sugar,
lard, and other essentials. Over three thousand
Indians at one time resided at the mission, and
a large number of them were known by name
to the captain.

Captain de la Guerra died February ii, 1858,
at the age of eighty-three, and he and his wife,
who had died December 25, 1843, were buried
in the same sepulchre under the floor of the old
mission church. They were the parents of eight
sons and five daughters, and to them they gave
every possible advantage. Two sons were sent
to the city of Mexico to be educated, one to
Chile, South America, and still another to Eng-
land, while several sons and grandsons were
sent to Georgetown, D. C. The eldest son, Jose
Antonio, married Doiia Concepcion Ortega y
Lopez. Juan Jose was graduated from three
colleges in England and his early death termi-
nated a career that gave brilliant promise. The
other children were Rita de Jesus ; Maria Teresa,
who married William Hartnell; Raymundo;
Maria de las Augustias, who married Manuel
Jimeno, secretary of state and provisional gov-
ernor of Alta California, and after his death
became the wife of Dr. James L. Ord, of the
United States army; Francisco, w-ho married
Ascension Sepulveda and afterward her sister,
Concepcion; Pablo; Maria Ana, who married
-A-lfred Robinson, of Boston, Mass.; Joaquin;
Miguel, who married Trinidad Ortega "de Pico ;
Antonio Maria, who was captain of a native Cal-
ifornia cavalry during the Civil war; and Maria
Antonia, who married Cesario Lataillade, a na-
tive of France, and after his death became the
wife of Don Caspar Orena, a native of Spain.

After completing his education in the city of
Mexico, Pablo de la Guerra returned to Cali-
fornia, and, at the age of nineteen years, he
served as collector of customs at Monterey,

then, with one exception, the most important
office in the state of California. At the age of
twenty-eight, March 7, 1847, he married Doha
Josefa Moreno, member of an old Spanish fam-
ily of ]\Ionterey. They became the parents
of six daughters and one son. The son and
three daughters reached maturity; Francisca,
widow of Thomas B. Dibblee; Carlos, inter-
preter, teacher and translator of Spanish; Del-
fina, and Herminia, widow of Louis E. Lee, of
Rochester, N. Y. In 1849 Pablo de la Guerra
was a member of the first constitutional conven-
tion of California. For several terms, and until
1861, he was a member of the state senate. Dur-
ing the latter year he was elected president of
the senate, and, on the election of Governor
Downey to the United States senate, the lieuten-
ant-governor became governor, and Senator de
la Guerra was promoted to the oiifice of lieuten-
ant-governor, which he filled ably. March it,
1861, he w-as admitted as attorney and counsel-
lor of the supreme court. October 21, 1863, he
was elected judge of the first judicial district,
comprising all of Southern California. He w^as
re-elected in 1869 to serve another term of six
years, but in 1873 his health became so seriously
impaired that he resigned the office. He died
February 5, 1874, in Santa Barbara, and was in-
terred in the family sepulchre at the Mission
Church. Personally he possessed a high sense
of honor, great dignity of bearing, and a marked
consideration for others. Courteous to all, his
friends were many and his influence great.

ALFONSO L. DEN. This cattle raiser,
dairj'man and horticulturist was born in Santa
Barbara county, at the Dos Pueblos (now the
Naples) ranch, ]\Iarch 19, 1854. His father,
Nicholas A. Den, was one of the very early set-
tlers of California, having arrived in the western
country in 1836. Alfonso received his education
in California, and was graduated from Santa
Clara College in 1875, with the degree of Bache-
lor of Science. Almost inunediately he turned his
attention to ranching and stock-raising, and be-
came part owner of the Dos Pueblos ranch,
which he built up and improved, and where he
carried on extensive sheep and cattle enter-
prises. Originally the possessor of fifteen hun-
dred acres of land, he has disposed of all save
five hundred and fifty, which is located about
twelve miles from Santa Barbara. Two hundred
and sixty acres of his land are rented to the Ox-
nard Sugar Company. Ninety acres of the re-
mainder are under English walnuts in a bearing
condition, ten acres under bearing olive trees,
and the balance is devoted to cattle raising and
a dairy. For the dairy Jersey cows alone are
raised, and the place is called Glen Anne, be-
cause located in the glen of that name. Al-
though possessing a fine country home, Mr. Den
is at present a resident of Santa Barbara. He

222

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

is a Democrat in politics, has been a school trus-
tee for some years, and is ex-member of the
central committee.

The marriage of Mr. Den and Annie Taylor
was solemnized in Santa Barbara in 1900, Mrs.
Den being a native of Santa Barbara, and a
daughter of Alexander S. Taylor, formerly a
newspaper and general literary man.

ROBERT MACKINLAY, M. D., who is en-
gaged in the practice of medicine at Santa Bar-
bara, has been a resident of this city since the
fall of 1893. A descendant of an old Scotch
family, he was born in Edinburgh June 10, 1861,
and was the oldest son of John and Sybella
(Grieve) Mackinlay, natives of Edinburgh, where
the former has long been connected with manu-
facturing interests.

After having been primarily educated in pri-
vate schools, Robert Mackinlay matriculated in
the University of Edinburgh in 1878, and con-
tinued his studies in that institution until 1882,
when he graduated with the degree of M. B.
Five years afterward his alma mater conferred
upon 'him the degree of M. D. Immediately
after graduating he opened an office in Man-
chester, England, and there gained his first
practical experience in professional work. Two
years later he removed to Litchfield, England,
where he carried on a general practice until 1893,
the year of his removal to Santa Barbara. His
entire time is devoted to the practice of medicine
and surgery, and in both he keeps abreast with
the latest discoveries and developments. At one
time he acted as secretary of the Santa Barbara
County Medical Society and he still is con-
nected with the same. He has his office on State
street, opposite the Arlington hotel.

During his residence in England, Dr. Mac-
kinlay was united in marriage, in Lincolnshire,
with Miss Alarian Trevor Bradburne, who was
born in Plymouth, England, and who, like him-
self, was reared in the faith of the Church of
England. They are the parents of three chil-
dren, John, Lucia and Anna.

PAUL DE LONGPRE. Throughout the
United States there are few names that carry
with them such magic in artistic circles as the
name of Paul de Longpre. Often called Roi des
Fleurs, he is indeed the "King of the Flowers"
in the realm of art, and his paintings of floral
beauties have won admiration from noted con-
noisseurs of America and Europe. In his
studio, and in galleries where his creations are
exhibited, they are often greeted with the ex-
clamation, "Could Paradise contain anything
more lovely?" From one painting to another
the visitor passes in wonderment and admira-
tion, noting the fact that even the smallest
studies are treated with an artistic sympathy re-
vealing the depth of feeling that the artist pos-

sesses. The assertion of another artist, "He is
not a painter ;he's a botanist," shows the universal
recognition among professionals of his accurate
delineation of flower life. Being wholly self-
taught, he owes nothing to other maters, but has
allowed ample scope to the development of his
own original and novel ideas in art. Bonnat,
Bouguereau and Gerome, when consulted with
reference to his work, declared in writing "The
compositions in flowers, by Paul de Longpre,
are above criticism and are known as a great
success. One cannot praise them too highly."

In Lyons, France, Paul de Longpre was born
in 1855. His mother was a Creole, born on the
island of Martinique, a beautiful young girl of
fortune, accomplished, and with much charm
of manner. After her marriage to Victor de
Longpre she made her home in France, but her
husband's artistic abilities, though of an high
order, did not prove remunerative, and her in-
come became exhausted. The eldest sons, when
nineteen and seventeen years of age, went to
Paris, where they earned a livelihood for the
family by painting fans. The younger son, Paul,
in time also became interested in the same work.
He was ten years old when he began to paint.
Artistic ability was his by inheritance. The
stamp of genius was upon even his earliest pro-
ductions. In 1876, when twenty-one years of
age, his first picture was accepted by the Paris
Salon. From that time onward his career was
one of success. The sale of his pictures brought
him a small fortune, which, unfortunately, was
entirely swept away through the failure of a
bank in Paris, and at the time of coming to New-
York City in 1890 to begin a fortune again, he
had only $900 left. Being a stranger in Amer-
ica, he saw his little capital dwindle down to
$400, and still prospects were gloomy. It was
at that time he had the courage to expend or
invest every dollar that he had in the painting
of flowers for an exposition of flower paintings,
the first of its kind ever made anywhere. Secur-
ing the finest gallery there, he started the ex-
hibition. All his acquaintances had predicted a
failure, but the venture proved the turning point
in his career. Amateurs of art and all the press
were delighted with his work. Sales were rapid
and frequent, and his exhibitions aftenvard be-
came annual aflfairs that brought together the
aristocracy of New York as critics and pur-
chasers.

From the time of his first exhibition in 1896
until 1899 Mr. de Longpre was one of New
York's most notable artists. During this time
he often heard of California, and particularly of
its wealth of flowers. Desiring to become ac-
quainted with the flora of the Pacific coast, he
came to California in March, 1899, and for two
years rented a residence on Figueroa street, Los
Angeles, where, in the midst of beautiful sur-
roundings, he was afforded exceptional oppor-

^-., sr~y^..

y/.f^-u, _

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

225

tunities of painting from nature. In June, 1900,
he began to build on the property which he pur-
chased from ex-Governor Beveridge on Pros-
pect avenue, Holl3'\vood, near Los Angeles, and
since then he has given much time and thought
to the creation of a homestead which it is his
ambition to make the most artistically beautiful
in California. There are many who believe that
his ambition has already been realized. Certain
it is that Hollywood is unique among the home-
steads on the coast. Designed from original
plans of his own ; with interior finishings that are
unique and tasteful, including hardwood floors
with inlaid borders in every room; with a studio
fitted up with rare works of art and art treas-
ures; with furniture made from original designs,
including cabinet, stands, screens, tables, etc.,
manufactured of black cherry ; and portieres that
were selected after thousands had been ex-
amined, in order that the desired harmony in
color might be maintained; with these many
other attractions, the residence is one never to
be forgotten by those who have the good fortune
to be entertained by the genial host. Here he
and his wife, with their two daughters, have their
home. In the east, he has annual exhibitions in
various cities. Every winter his work is dis-
played first in the American .Art Galleries in
Madison Square or at Knoedler's, in Fifth
avenue. New York. At a recent exhibition in
that city twenty-eight paintings were sold for
nearly $7,000. In every city where his work
has been displayed the press and the best art
critics have been unstinted in their praise of his
skill. He is recognized as the great American
master of the flowers. His knowledge of their
form and structure is absolute and his taste in
combination is unsurpassed. On the walls of
his studio there is not a picture which will not
repay careful study and fascinate by the skill
with which the artist has performed his task.
They are works of high art in their play of light
and shade, in the taste with which the accessories
are introduced and treated, in their harmony of
tone and their breadth of style. A mere glimpse
at his pictures proves him to possess a genuine
love for flowers, and it is his belief that they
have refining influences: that all children should
be reared in an atmosphere where flowers dwell,
and that pictures of flowers should be hung on
the walls of nurseries, where they will claim
the attention of the children.

JOHN F. WORE. The More family is well
known in Southern California, and its various
members are eiUitled to conspicuous places in
the history of the regions where they became
extensive land owners and prominent promoters
of enterprise in the early days. John F. More
was born in Medina count>-. Ohio, .\ugust 10.
1839, and is the only surviving male member of

a family of twelve children, six sons and six
daughters, all of whom in time came to Cali-
fornia. A. B., the oldest son, settled in this
state in 1847, coming from Mexico, where he
had helped to prosecute the war. T. W. and
A. P. came west in 1849, a'^^l Henry H., in 1850,
and they established the firm of More Brothers,
who began business by driving cattle to the
mines, but eventually became owners of large
tracts of land. In 1854 they bought the Calle-
tano or Sespe tract and later the Santa Paula-
Saticoy. At one time they owned a strip of land
extending from within a mile of the sea up the
Santa Clara valley for more than thirty-two
miles; fifteen thousand acres of this tract they
afterward sold to G. G. Briggs. It was in this
valley that T. Wallace More was assassinated on
the memorable night of March 24, 1877, by
masked men who first set fire to his barn in order
to get him out of his house, and then shot him
as soon as he appeared. Mortally wounded, he
entreated that they shoot no more, but his dying
request was for naught, and they continued to
pierce him with bullets in order to make sure of
their deadly work. A. P. More died in 1893
and at that time was the owner of the island of
Santa Rosa. Of the brothers, A. P., H. H. and
A. B. are buried in Oakland, Cal., and L. W. and
T. W. in Santa Barbara.

The youngest of these brothers was John F.
More. He received his education in Ohio and
there married Miriam Hickox, daughter of
Royal N. Hickox, of that state. Born of their
union are three children now living, namely:
Belle, wife of C. P. Austin: Miriam and John
F., Jr., the latter a student in the University of
California at Berkeley. Three children are de-
ceased: Olive, who died in infancy; Mary, who
graduated with the class honors from Mills
Seminary and died in young womanhood; and
Alexander H., who died when a young man.
Mr. and Mrs. Hickox reside with their daugh-
ter, Mrs. More, at No. 131 Arrellaga street,
Santa Barbara, where the family have a pleasant
and comfortable home.

The ranch belonging to Mr. More is situated
five miles from Santa Barbara, on the sea coast,
and covers one thousand acres of land that
slopes toward the mountains. The ocean bank
is one hundred feet high and of solid rich clay,
where are found large pockets of asphaltum con-
taining many thousand tons. This is easy to
mine, for when blasted on the beach the tide
carries away the loose clay, leaving the mineral
free. To facilitate the shipment of produce Mr.
More has a private ]iicr. His walnut orchard
covers two hundred acres and is without doubt
(.ne of the largest in Southern California. Tliere
is also a large olive orchard. Modem improve-
ments are everywhere apparent, including a sub-
stantial ranch house and commodious barns.
1 he house is occupied by the men employed in

230

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

carrying on the work of tlie ranch, and Mr.
More himself stays there when the busy season
requires his absence from his Santa Barbara
home.

Off the coast of Goleta, the little village near
the More ranch, is the speed ground for the
United States gunboats, chosen especially be-
cause of the enormous quantities of oil floating
on the water and thus producing a calm sea.
Three towers are built for the starting gauge,
one of which is on Mr. More's ranch, and the
others on the site of the Santa Barbara moun-
tains. The bay west from the ranch was once
quite a harbor, and a large shipping industry
was conducted, the same receiving- its name from
Daniel Hill, to whom Governor Pio Pico
granted four thousand four hundred and forty
acres of land. Mr. Hill built a schooner and
launched it before the present little town, and
hence the name Goleta, or schooner.

Politically Mr. More is affiliated with the Re-
publican party. All of his brothers had similar
political views, with the exception of the oldest,
A. B., whom the others declared took a Jeffer-
sonian Democratic view of politics merely for
the sake of argument with the brothers.

HUGH D. VAIL. The name of Hugh D.
\ni\ will ever be associated with the history of
Santa Barbara. By nature and training a lover
of science, he delighted in fathoming its un-
changing laws, and in leaning upon its funda-
mental principles. The simplicity of his faith as
a Quaker recognized no irreconcilable antago-
nisms between religion and science, and there-
fore the inmiutable laws of nature were intensi-
fied and strengthened by the element of the
miknowable, which is after all the shadowy road
beyond scientific calculation.

The Quaker instinct was deep seated, and ex-
lend.cd beyond one John \'ail, tlie American
founder of the family, a Quaker preacher, who
emigrated from England and settled in New
Jersey about 1710. His descendants have in-
variably been people of influence and position in
their respective localities, and Hugh D. upheld
the traditions of his forefathers. He was born in
Plainfield, X. J., and received a thorough lit-
erary and scientific education, graduating from
Haverford College. The greater part of his life
was spent in Philadelphia, where he was en-
gaged in active business imtil his retirement in
1875. In 1 88 1 he located in Santa Barbara, and
thenceforward, until his death, June 28. 1900, he
was prominently identified with the city's growth
and achievements. He was director and vicc-
V-resident of the First National Bank, was a di-
rector in the Commercial Bank of Santa Bar-
bara, and was president of the Library
Building Company, which organization owned
considerable business property on State street,

including what is commonly known as the
Clock building. He was a strong and un-
compromising Republican, and possessed a stir-
ring and contagious vitality which extended to
many lines of activity. He erected a residence
on Chapala street, and here his last days were
spent in the enjoyment of that esteem which his
character and achievements merited. As per-
taining to astronomy and meteorology he was
widely quoted as an authority, on weather re-
ports especially his accuracy was rarely ques-
tioned, and his services in this capacity were of
untold value to the cities which profited by his
residence. He married Miriam L. Vail, a native
of Rahway, N. J., and they became the parents
of two children, Hugh F. R. and Edward F. R.
Vail.

HON. P. M. GREEN. It would be impossi-
ble to write a history of Pasadena without mak-
ing frequent mention of Hon. P. M. Green, to
whom in no small degree is due the credit for
the fame of the city as one of the most beautiful
residence cities in the world. His connection
with its history extends back to the days of the
Indiana colony, ere yet a city had been dreamed
of or its possibilities for cuhure become a vision
in_ the minds of the most sanguine. As early as
1873 he was among the twenty who organized
the Orange Grove Association and incorporated
the same, acquiring the right of title to fifteen
hundred acres, which was subdivided into home-
steads of from fifteen to sixty acres. The fol-
lowing year the preliminary survey was com-
pleted. Meantime a few members of the In-
diana colony had come west to investigate for
themselves and Mr. Green among others dis-
cerned the possibilities that lay dormant in the
soil, awaiting the hand of the skillful horti-
culturist to develop them. With him to see an
opportunity was to grasp it, and his early identi-
fication wnth Pasadena is but another indication
of the wisdom of his judgment and the keenness
of his foresight.

The Green family is of old Quaker stock, al-
though, notwithstanding this, it was represented
in the Revolutionary war by men who, though
peace-loving as are the Friends, were yet too in-
dependent to brook tyranny. North Carolina
was the early home of the family, whence they
removed to Kentucky, and in that state Lot
Green was born and reared. Removing to Rush
county, Ind., he became justice of the peace and
the leading man of his community, but died in
1845 before he had provided his family with the
comforts it was his ambition to secure for them.
He was a Whig in politics and in religion w-as
connected with the Missionary Baptist Chyrch.
His wife, Annie Cooper, was born, reared and
married in Kentucky, where her father was a
Baptist minister. She died in 1842. when her

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

^on, Perry M., was scarcely four years of age.
Of her eight children only three are living, and
two of these are in Pasadena, Perry M. and Mrs.
A. O. Porter. The former was bom in Rush
county, Ind., May 7, 1838, and was next to the
youngest in the family. Orphaned when very
young, he never knew the affection and careful
oversight of father and mother, and his was a
somewhat lonely boyhood. When fourteen he
began to clerk in a store, but the work being
uncongenial, he went on a farm as a hired hand,
receiving $7 a month. After a time he resumed
clerking, and then attended the Richland
Academy in Rush county. When nineteen he
began to study law with Davis & Wright of
Shelby ville, and in 1859 was admitted to the bar
of Indiana, after which he engaged in practice at
Shelbyville for five years. During this period
he assisted in organizing the city government,
served as the first city clerk, and for four years
acted as city attorney. However, believing that
a larger city would ofifer more encouraging op-
portunities for advancement in the world of
commerce, in 1865 he removed to Indianapolis,
where he became a member of the firm of
Campbell & Green, wholesale and retail manu-
facturers and dealers in drugs. On disposing
of his interest in this business in 1873, he came
to California, his decision to come west being
influenced by the hope that a mild climate might
benefit his wife's health.

Acquiring property in the Indiana colony,
]\Ir. Green became the owner of sixty acres two
miles south of Pasadena, and here his early
knowledge of horticulture was gained. How-
ever, to a man of such keen mental faculties,
the management of a fruit farm did not present
a sufficient outlet for his activities, and we find
him acquiring many other interests as the years
passed by. In 1885 he organized the Pasadena
Bank, with a capital stock of $50,000, of which
he became president and manager. In May of
1886 this institution was converted into a na-
tional concern, and incorporated as the First
National Bank of Pasadena, capital stock $100,-
000, with a present (1902) surplus of $70,000.
It is significant of the wise supervision of the
president that the institution has always paid ten
per cent dividends annually. In 1901 a savings
department was also organized, under the title
of the Pasadena Savings, Trust & Safe De-
posit Company, with a capital stock of $50,-
000. Of this institution Mr. Green is also presi-
dent.

From the early period of his residence in Pasa-
dena, Mr. Green has been associated with com-
panies for the securing of water and has been
interested in every movement for the providing
of adequate irrigation facilities. For twenty-
five years he has been a director of the Pasa-
dena Land and Water Company, which was the
first of the kind organized in this vicinity and

which also established the first system in the
state whereby water was conveyed by pipes for
irrigating purposes. The efforts of the com-
pany provided an abundance of water for the
Indiana colony tract on the west side. The first
gas company organized here had Mr. Green
among its directors and promoters, and he was
also a director of the first street car company in
this city. Under his supervision the bank
erected a large building on the corner of Fair
Oaks avenue and Colorado street, which was
equipped with modern conveniences for the con-
venience of the bank officials. On the organiza-
tion of the Los Angeles National Bank Mr.
Green was placed on its board of directors and
he is also its vice-president.

In Shelbyville, Ind., October 30, i860, Mr.
Green married Miss Henrietta Campbell, whose
father, John S. Campbell, was born in Dela-
ware, reared in Philadelphia, Pa., and became a
pioneer of Indiana. During the presidency of
Abraham Lincoln he served as postmaster of
Shelb3rville. Other offices were tendered him,
including those of mayor and recorder of deeds.
Mr. and Mrs. Green have one child, Mary. On
the organization of the Methodist Episcopal
Church of Pasadena in 1873, Mr. and Mrs.
Green became charter members, and from that
time until 1901 he held the office of trustee,
finally, however, declining further re-election.
Another agency for good, the Y. M. C. A., has
always received his encouraging aid and
sympathy, and his service as a director of the
local organization has been helpful to the cause.
He has been a constant member of the Pasa-
dena Board of Trade and a warm adherent of all
organizations and movements for the com-
mercial upbuilding of Southern California.
AVhile he has never been an active partisan, his
advocacy of Republican principles is pro-
nounced. On that ticket, in 1879, he was elected
to the state legislature as a representative from
Los Angeles county. The present constitution
was adopted during the same year, and the legis-
lature of 18S0 therefore had a very serious task
set before it, in the adaptation of the laws to the
constitution. At that session he introduced a
bill for the establishment of a state normal at
Los Angeles, and, though failing of passage
then, he had the satisfaction of knowing that it
was carried during the next session. On the
expiration of his term he was not a candidate
for re-election, but resumed the duties of private
life. While, however, his ambitions are not in
the direction of public affairs, yet he is in every
respect a progressive citizen, who keeps in
touch with the developments of the age, whether
in the banking business, in commercial circles,
in problems connected with adequate irrigation
at reasonable cost and in the other varied move-
ments typical of twentieth century activity in
Southern California.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

J. H. BARTLE. The First National Bank,
of which J. H. Bartle is president, was estab-
Hshed in 1887 under the title of the Bank of
Monrovia and as a private financial institution,
the incorporators being J. F. Brossart, John
Wild and J. F. Sartori. Occupying for a short
time temporary banking quarters, the pro-
prietors of the bank vigorously pushed forward
the work of building a structure adapted for
their needs. Of ample dimensions, 50x60 feet,
the block is of brick, and contains headquarters
for customers and clerks and a room for the di-
rectors in the rear. One of the most striking
features of the equipment is a fireproof vault,
built into the bank from the foundation of the
building, and provided with a time lock safe.
When the building was ready for occupancy, in
July of 1887, the newly organized First Na-
tional Bank (into which the Bank of Monrovia
had been merged) was established and has since
occupied these quarters. The original officers
were J. F. Brossart, president; John Wild, vice-
president; and J. F. Sartori, cashier. A change
was made in the presidency January 10, 1888,
v.hen I. W. Hellman was called to be head of
the institution, and at the same time G. W.
Perkins became vice-president.

The association of Mr. Bartle with the bank
dates from April 13, 1888, when he was ap-
pointed assistant cashier, and as such he con-
tinued until January 24, 1891, when his satis-
factory services were recognized by his promo-
tion to be cashier. The position which he had
)ireviously filled was tendered to W. A. Chess,
October i, 1892. Those who have had official
direction of the bank since February 27. 1894,
are J. H. Bartle, president; J. F. Sartori, vice-
president; and W. A. Chess, cashier, while since
1901 K. E. Lawrence has serv^ed in the capacity
of assistant cashier. Business is still conducted
with the same paid-in capital as at first, this
being $50,000, but there is now also a surplus
of $10,000. The present board of directors is
composed of such solid financial men as H. W.
Hellman, vice-president of the Farmers and
Merchants Bank of Los Angeles; T. L. Duque,
president of the JNIain Street Savings Bank; J.
I'. Sartori, president of the Security Savings
Bank; J. H. Bartle, president of the bank, and
C. K. Ingersoll, of Monrovia, whose efforts,
seconding the judicious management of the of-
ficers, have contributed to the establishment of
the concern upon a solid basis gratifying to its
stockholders and the source of great confidence
to its depositors. That portion of the ground
tloor not utilized for banking ])urposcs has been
fitted up as a store and is rented as such, while
the second floor is utilized for offices and apart-
ments.

Mr. Bartle, to whose keen and capable over-
sight the success of the bank is due in large
measure, is a native of Michiiran, born in lulv

of 1855. -^^t ^n age when many boys are still
in school, he started out to make his own way
in the world, and by diligence and perseverance
gained a thorough knowledge of mercantile
pursuits. Opening a store of his own, he met
with a success that was as gratifying as it was
deserved, but, unfortunately, his health broke
down under the strain of constant overwork.
Realizing the need of change to a milder climate
than Michigan afTords, in 1885 he came to South-
ern California, where he visited many of the
cities and towns. Among all these places he
found none whose climate excelled that of
Monrovia. Here it seemed as if Nature had
especially favored her children and had granted
them more blessings than she usually bestows
upon mankind. The pure air from the mount-
ains, warmed by the sunshine, encoinpassed the
inhabitants with a constant benediction and
seemed even to invigorate and fertilize the soil,
so that fruits and flowers grow with remarkable
luxuriance.

Disposing of his business interests in Mich-
igan in 1886, the next year Mr. Bartle returned
to Monrovia as a permanent resident and has
since been among its most influential citizens.
In 1890 he erected on Myrtle avenue a two-
story frame building, with two stores and vari-
ous offices. When fire destroyed this structure, '
in June of 1897, he immediately rebuilt, this
time putting up a brick building, 40x80, with
two stores and considerable office room. Other
property in Alonrovia he owns and has improved,
including his residence, where in the intervals
of business duties he finds relaxation and pleas-
ure in the society of his wife (formerly Miss
Amelia Bowerman of Canada) and their three
children, Stanley, Kathleen and Gerald.

In religious views Mr. Bartle is liberal, ad-
hering to no creed, but favoring all movements
which tend toward the uplifting of humanity.
The lofty principles of Masonry he exemplifies
in his life, and has been an active member and
treasurer of the lodge in Monrovia since its or-
ganization. Aside from his connection with
hanking interests in Monrovia, he has had
similar interests elsewhere, particularly in
Covina, Los Angeles county, where he aided in
organizing and establishing the Covina ^'alley
Bank, now known as the First National Bank of
Covina, on whose board of directors he has
rendered wise service from its inception.

GEORGE H. PECK, Jr. At the time of
Mr. Peck's settlement in San Pedro there was
little in the ai)pearance of the locality to give
rise to large hopes for its future prosperity. The
town, indeed, had not yet sprung into existence,
and most of the lots were platted and laid out
under his personal supervision. No one has
done more than he to promote the welfare of
the jilace. and to aid in the development of its

^l\,iAAy\A)-^ Jhnizi

VLiy2^\\

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

231

resources. Particularly has his assistance been
noteworthy in the line of establishing local
finances upon a substantial basis. Having niter-
ested capitalists in the establishment of a bank
at San Pedro, soon after his arrival he opened
what is still known as the Bank of San Pedro,
of which he has since been manager and vice-
president, William G. KerckhofT being the
president. The original capital stock, $25,000, ,
has been doubled, which fact indicates the steady
and gratifying growth of the bank.

Mr. Peck was born in San Francisco, October
5, 1856, and is a son of George H. Peck, Sr.,
to whose sketch upon another page the reader
is referred for the family history. Until twelve
years of age George H., Jr., lived in San Fran-
cisco, and then accompanied the family to the
large ranch which his father had purchased near
El Monte. There he remained for eight years,
meantime receiving a common-school educa-
tion. When twenty years of age he secured
employment as baggageman on the Southern
Pacific Railroad, his run being between Los
Angeles and Wilmington, and later he was pro-
moted to be a conductor on the same run.
While working for the railroad company, he in-
vested his earnings in real estate, and thus
reaped fair profits. On resigning his position
he settled in San Pedro, where he has since
made his home. In 1888 he was appointed vice-
consul of Sweden and Norway in the district of
Southern California, which position he has held
ever since. A study of the needs of the state
has made him a pronounced advocate of a high
protective tariff, through which alone can the
far west compete with European shipments;
hence, even to a greater degree than many Re-
publicans, he champions this plank of the party
platform. In fraternal relations he is connected
with the Knights of Pythias. By his marriage
to Miss Olive Betts he has four children, Wil-
liam, Rena, Alma and Leland. The family are
identified with the Episcopal Church.

With no measure is the name of Mr. Peck
more closely associated than with the opening
up of North Manhattan Beach in Los Angeles
county. In 1901 he purchased one thousand
acres, affording three miles of beach frontage,
and here he is laying out a summer resort, the
lots in which are finding a ready sale at from
$200 to $500 each. The beach lies fifteen miles
from Los Angeles and five miles north of
Redondo. It is protected by Point Vicente on
the south. Point Oume on the north, and
Catalina island on the west. The beauty of the
location is unsurpassed, and the curving of the
beach in a circular form makes it one of the most
attractive beaches on the coast. At present it
is reached by the Santa Fe Railroad, and soon
an electric line will be built, furnishing another
mode of transportation. Deeds are so drawn
that no liquor will ever be permitted U< be sold

on the grounds, and a building restriction in-
sures a desirable class of cottages. Without
doubt, in time North Manhattan will come to
be known as one of the most popular resorts
on the coast, and its present prospects and future
prosperity may be attributed to the energy, wise
judgment and determination of its founder.

THOMAS D. STIMSON. The impetus
given by Mr. Stimson toward the permanent
progress of Los Angeles can scarcely be over-
estimated. Coming to this city from the _east
shortly after the collapse of the "boom," he
found every industry at a standstill, while capi-
talists held' back, fearing to invest means where
prospects were so gloomy and uncertain. It
was then that his firm faith in the future of Los
Angeles asserted itself. With an optimism born
of a far-seeing judgment, he gave himself to
the development of local resources, furnished
employment to many workmen, erected build-
ings of a most substantial character, and made
improvements of permanent value to the city.
Immediately after his arrival, in 1890, he pur-
chased property and laid the plans that resulted,
in 1893, in the erection of the Stimson block,
which was far in advance of anything that had
been erected up to that time. Later he built
the Muskegon, on Broadway and Third; the
Allen Flats, on Spring and Seventh; the Spen-
cer, on Third, between Broadw^ay and Hill;
and he had just completed the plans for the
Douglas block at the time of his death, which
occurred January 31, 1898. Subsequently the
estate erected the building, carrying out his
plans, with the exception that the height was
five instead of eight stories. The finishings of
his block are as fine as can be found in the en-
tire city, nor is there any that is lighter or more
pleasant in every respect. Besides his interest
in building these various blocks, he officiated
as president of the Columbia Savings Bank and
as a director in the Citizens Bank of Los
Angeles, and was actively connected with the
Chamber of Commerce.

The only son of Horace and Olive (Johnson)
Stimson, natives of New York, Thomas D.
Stimson was born in Ontario, Canada, July 31,
J 828, and was reared principally in New York
state, where his father was a manufacturer.
Later the family settled in Albion, Mich., where
the father was similarly engaged. When a mere
boy, the son began to earn his livelihood, and
was employed in helping to push boats up the
Paw Paw river. In 1847 he went to Chicago,
intending to enlist in the Mexican war, but at
the time he tendered his services the required
quota had been filled. He then hired under
Mr. Rverson, of Chicago, to work in a lumber
mill in' IMuskegon, Mich., but being of an inde-
l)cndent and ambitious disposition, he was tmt

232

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

satisfied to remain in the employ of another.
With D. A. Blodgett, also a young man, he em-
barked in lumbering, first getting out the logs
and then investing in pine lands. He erected
the first mill at Big Rapids, Mich. Three years
later he moved the mill to Muskegon, and
afterward built another mill, carrying on both of
these for years. Success seemed to be his from
the first. The energy and determination that
he possessed, combined with wise judgment,
turned Fortune's wheels in his favor, and his
career thenceforward was one of uninterrupted
success. It is not, however, to be inferred that
he had no obstacles to surmount, no difficulties
to overcome; but his resolution and courage
enabled him to meet and conquer them. To
facilitate his work he built several railroads
from his pine lands to rivers and also acquired
the ownership of several boats, and until 1890
he had a wholesale yard in Chicago. Some time
during the '80s he invested in pine lands in
Washington and established his sons there,
starting them in the manufacture of lumber, un-
der the firm title of the Stimson Mill Company
and the Stimson Land Company. This business
has been continued to the present and is one of
the largest of its kind on the coast. Notwith-
standing his varied interests of a business na-
ture, he kept thoroughly posted in politics and
was closely associated with the Democratic
party in Michigan. Twice he was delegate-at-
large from that state to national conventions,
once in Cincinnati and at another time in
St. Louis. He was connected with the Ma-
sonic fraternity and a believer in its work and
creed.

In Grand Rapids, Mich., Mr. Stimson married
Miss Achsah J. Spencer, who was born in Clyde,
N. Y., a daughter of Laban and Melinda (Rich-
mond) Spencer, natives respectively of New
York and Massachusetts. Her paternal grand-
father was born in Wales, of English descent,
and for years was a manufacturer in New York.
At an early day her father settled upon a farm
near Pontiac, Mich., and in addition to improv-
ing the land followed the shoemaker's trade and
manufactured cooper's supplies. Later he was
interested in lumbering in the pine lands. His
wife accompanied her parents, John and Chloe
(McClough) Richmond, from Massachusetts to
.New York, later to Michigan. The Richmond
and McClough families were old settlers of Mas-
sachusetts (the latter having had its first emi-
grant come in the Mayflower), and both were
represented in the Revolutionary war. After
the death of Mr. Spencer his widow came to
Los Angeles and spent her last days with her
daughter, Mrs. Stimson, in whose home she
died, February 17, 1901, aged almost eighty-
nine years. Of her six children all but one are
still living, one daughter, Mary E., residing with
Mrs. Stimson, while two sons, John and James,
reside in Los Angeles, and a third son, .\hah.

continues to make his home in Oakland county,
Mich. Several times before removing to Los
Angeles, Mrs. Stimson had come here from the
east and each time the favorable impression
was deepened, so that finally, when Mr. Stnnson
retired from the lumbering business, he came
here to spend the twilight of his life. In 1891
he erected a palatial brown stone mansion,
which is considered architecturally one of the
most beautiful homes of Los Angeles, and here,
surrounded by every comfort, Mrs. Stimson
continues to reside. In her family there are six
children, of whom Willard H., Charles D. and
Ezra T. are the executors of the estate; Wil-
lard H, and Ezra T. reside in Los Angeles and
have large and important interests in the Stim-
son Land Company and the Stimson Mill Com-
pany. The only daughter, Mrs. Olive J. Fay,
resides in Los Angeles. Charles D. is president
of the Stimson Mill Company at Seattle, Wash.,
and Fred S. is also in that city and connected
Vv'ith the same company. J. D. Stimson died in
San Francisco November 19, 1900.

UNIVERSITY

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.

A distinction credited to the University of
Southern California is that it is the oldest
Protestant educational institution in this part of
the state. The project, which originated in the
brain of Judge R. M. Widney, developed under
consultation with such eminent authorities as
Rev. A. M. Hough, E. F. Spence. Dr. J. P. Wid-
ney, Rev. M. M. Bovard, and G. D. Compton,
and it was decided to build a Methodist college
or university in or near Los Angeles. Offers of
land were received from Los Angeles, Boyle
Heights, Temple street and West Los Angeles,
but a majority of the trustees decided in favor of
West Los Angeles. The first important step in
the transaction was accomplished Julv 29. 1879.
when J. G. Downev, O. W. Childs and I. W!
Hellman deeded to A. M. Hough, J. P. Widney,
E. F. Spence, M. M. Bovard," G. D. Compton
and R. W. Widney, three hundred and eight
lots in the West Los .\ngeles tract, in trust as
an endowment fund for the University of South-
ern California. Also, about forty acres of land
was donated by owners of adjacent property, and
in 1880 thirty of the lots were placed on sale.
Although their market value did not exceed $50,
friends of the institution willingly gave $200
each.

At the time of selection, the site for the col-
lege buildings and campus on Wesley avenue,
near Jefferson street, was covered with tall wild
mustard stalks, and streets were undefined save
by stakes. The general aspect was dreary and
unpromising, an impression intensified by the
utter absence of houses or any signs of activity.
The present music hall of the tmiversily was the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

first building made possible by the sale of the
lots, and in August, 1880, the purpose of the in-
stitution was further demonstrated, when Revs.
M. M. and F. D. Bovard entered into a
contract with the trustees to carry on the edu-
cational work for five years. Rev. M. M. Bo-
vard was elected president, and a small endow-
ment was secured for the embryo institution
from the sale of lots and by private donations.
The present four-story college building was
erected in 1886, and under the competent corps
of teachers, and the enthusiasm and help of the
trustees, the scope of the institution was per-
ceptibly broadened.

In 1882 Messrs. George and William B. Chaf-
fey, the founders of the Ontario Colony, made a
tender of a deed of trust to a large body of land
for a Chaffey college of agriculture in connec-
tion with the university. In March, 1882, the
corner stone of a brick college building was laid
at Ontario, San Bernardino county, and in 1887
the school was thrown open to the public as a
branch of the University of Southern California,
and has ever since been conducted as a prepara-
tory school.

The College of Medicine which comprises an
important and popular department of the uni-
versity was founded in 1885 by Dr. J. P. Wid-
ney, and the school started in a building on
Alison street, but eventually removed to the
building of its own on the west side of Buena
Vista. The architectural scheme of the building
is appropriate to its needs. Tlie opportunities
offered, and the high standard maintained, fully
justify a reputation by no means local in its
extent.

The Maclay College of Theology, also estab-
lished in 1885, was first located in San Fernando.
Credit for this department of the university is al-
most entirely vested in Hon. Charles Maclay,
who not only donated land valued at $150,000,
but erected the building in which the infant
school started upon its career of usefulness.
However, the school was closed at San Fer-
nando in 1893, and opened at the University of
West Los Angeles in October, 1894.

Following is a list of the heads of the institu-
tion from the founding: Rev. M. M. Bovard,
D. D.; Rev. W. S. Matthew, D. D.; Rev. F. M.
Cherington, D. D.; Joseph P. Widnev, M. D.,
LL. D.; Milton E. Phillips, A. M.; Rev. G. W.
White, D. D.; Rev. George Cochran, D. D.;
William Trafton Randall, A. M.

The University now comprises the colleges
of Liberal, Medicine, Dentistry, Law, Theology,
Music, and Fine Arts. The faculty numbers
ninety in all and there are over six hundred stu-
dents. Since the inauguration of Dean Randall,
under the leadership of Bishop Hamilton and
by the efficient work of Field Secretarv Rev. T.
C. Miller, over a quarter of a million dollars
ti.Ts been raiseij for additional endowment.

WILLIAM TRAFTON RANDALL, A.M.,.
Dean of the University of Southern California,
is a direct descendant in the third geueration,
of Benjamin Randall, founder of the Free-Will
Baptist denomination. He was born in Maine
and is a son of Rev. D. B. Randall, D.D., and
Emily (Trafton) Randall. His father, a native
of Vermont, joined the Maine conference when
eighteen years of age and afterward filled all
the leading appointments, being presiding elder
several times, and serving four terms in the gen-
eral conference. For many years he was chap-
lain of the state legislature. Both the abolition
and the temperance movements received his
hearty support. At the time of his death, which
occurred in 1900 in his ninety-third year, he was
the oldest Methodist Episcopal clergyman in
.America.

The education of William T. Randall was ac-
c)uired in the Maine Wesleyan Seminary and the
Wcsleyan University in Connecticut. During
his junior year he was editor-in-chief of the uni-
versity publication, and in his senior year was
the university orator and graduated with hon-
ors. Taking up educational work he was en-
gaged as teacher in district schools, then as prin-
cijial of high schools and superintendent of
schools, after which he became dean of Chafifey
College, and in June of 1901 came to Los An-
geles as dean of the University of Southern Cal-
ifornia. In 1884 he married Louise A. Wood-
rull, daughter of James and Clara WoodrufT, and
a native of New Britain, Conn. They are the
parents of two children, Louise Marguerite and
Wilbur Walter.

Among the organizations with which Dean
Randall is identified may be mentioned the Delta
Kappa Epsilon fraternity and the Phi Beta
Kappa scholarship fraternity. In religion he is
connected with the Methodist Episcopal church,
and in 1896 represented Southern California in
the general conference of the denomination at
Cleveland, Ohio. As president of the Republi-
can Club he was enabled to promote the welfare
of that party in his community. Among the
other important local capacities in which he has
officiated are the offices of president of the city
board of trustees of Ontario, Cal., and president
of the Board of Trade.

F. M. SALE. The various industries which
give Moneta a place among the growing colonies
of Southern California have an enterprising rep-
resentative in Mr. Sale, who has made his home
in this state since 1894. He was bom in Niagara
county, N. Y., June 22, 1871. and is a son of
Frank and Catherine (Wilson) Sale, natives re-
spectively of London. England, and Syracuse,
N. Y. Crossing the ocean to America in 1857,
Frank Sale settled near Lockport, N. Y., and
engaged in farming upon land which he pur-
chased there. Since then agriculture has been

234

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

his life work, and in the locality where so many
years of his life have been passed he is known
and honored as a man of upright life and pro-
gressive spirit. Of his three children the sub-
ject of this article was second in order of birth,
and was given fair advantages in the schools of
Lockport, after which he engaged in farming.

On his arrival in California, in 1894, Mr. Sale
leased a tract of land at Gardena, and set out
thirteen acres in strawberries, which soon be-
came a source of gratifying profit to him. Some-
what later he bought four lots in Moneta, and
here he has erected a commodious and attractive
residence. He also leases eighty acres which
he has in barley, and five acres, which are
planted to strawberries and Logan berries. Since
attaining his majority he has voted with the Re-
publican party and supports with earnestness
the principles it represents. He is a member of
the Fraternal Brotherhood, also of the Inde-
pendent Order of Foresters and the Ancient Or-
der of United Workmen.

In Gardena, Cal, Mr. Sale married Miss Mit-
tie Young, who was born in Michigan, and by
whom he has one son, Ashley. Mrs. Sale is a
daughter of A. S. Young, a native of New Jer-
sey and a farmer by occupation, who, moving
to Iowa, made his home in that state for four-
teen years. From there he came to California,
settling at Gardena, where he bought a farm of
forty acres. On disposing of that property he
returned to New Jersey, and from there re-
moved to Illinois, settling in Fairfield, Wayne
county, where he now owns and cultivates a
farm of two hundred acres.

ALEXANDER FRASER MILL.S. Al-
though for many years a resident of California
Mr. Mills is by birth a Canadian; was born at
Richmond, seven miles from Ottawa, on the
last day of the year 1849. His grandfather, John
Mills, came from England as a soldier, and in
the Barracks was born his first son, George,
who still survives. The second son, John, the
father of Mr. Mills, was born near Ottawa, and
grew to manhood on a farm: then for some
years engaged in woolen manufacture near
Perth, after which he was a business man in
Stirling, and next was connected with iron
works and a large woolen factory at Marmora.
The breaking away of a dam in 1869 caused a
total loss of his property, Ijiit he rebuilt at once,
and the mills are still running, though he re-
tired many years since. His wife, .Sarah, was a
daughter of Alexander Eraser. Mr. Fraser was
a Highlander from Scotland and came to Amer-
ica in 1812. He was an officer in the English
army, his uniform and sword being still in the
family. He married an English lady and settled
on a farm near Perth in 181 5. Sarah Mills was
there born, and died in 1900. She is survived
by three sons and five daughters. Two of the

sons, Robert and John, are business men of
San Francisco. Alexander Fraser Mills, who
was the second son, received his education in
the grammar and high schools of Stirling. ' In
1866 he helped to build a woolen factory, and
in 1870 was made manager of it, but the follow-
ing year the business was sold. In May, 1873,
he came to California, and after a year in Santa
Barbara settled in Los Angeles. Here he took
a course of study in the Lawler Institute, gradu-
ating in the business course.

An excellent idea of the nursery business was
gained by Mr. Mills while employed by Thomas
A. Garcy, who was then the largest nurseryman
in California, and it was there that Mr. Mills
gained a thorough knowledge of orange culture.
Resigning his position in 1877 he came to Pasa-
dena and embarked in the nursery business, in
which he met with encouraging success from
the first. With a keen foresight concerning
future values, he bought seven and one-half
acres on the comer of Colorado and Fair Oaks
avenue, which were then but country roads. Of
the land, three hundred feet were on Fair Oaks
and ten hundred and eighty-nine on Colorado,
running to Pasadena avenue. In 1878 he set
out citrus and deciduous trees on the land. The
next year he became superintendent for H. H.
Hall's Perfumery ranch at Carpinteria, Santa
Barbara county, but after a year resigned to de-
vote himself to the nursery business. During
early days he set out thousands of acres in vine-
yards and orange groves in Los Angeles county.
In 1883 he platted the A. F. Mills subdivision
opening up De Lacey street, which he named for
his wife's family; a private driveway has since
become known as Mills street. In 1886 he built
the Mills block, with a frontage of fifty feet on
Fair Oaks avenue, and he also erected the News
block, 60x72, corner of Colorado and De Lacey
streets. Since the age of twenty-one years he
has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, of which, at times, he has been Sun-
day-school superintendent and a member of the
board of trustees, and also has been identified
with the Y. M. C. A. In politics he is a Re-
publican and fraternally is connected with the
Independent Order of Foresters.

At Santa Barbara, in 1879, occurred the mar-
riage of A. F. Mills and Miss Cora Roberta
Lacey, who was born in Oskaloosa, Iowa, and is
a graduate of the Santa Barbara high school.
She was second among four children, of whom
her brother. Friend E. Lacey, is a resident of
Pasadena and an attomey in Los Angeles. Her
sisters, Thep and Mrs. Emma S. L. Shoup and
a nephew, John M. Shoup, also reside in Pasa-
dena. The family of which she is a member
comes from the de Laceys of France and
crossed from Normandy with William the Con-
queror. Robert W., who was born in Cadiz,
Ohio, was a son of John Mills de Lacey (the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

237

prefix "de" being retained until this generation).
When a boy he learned the builder's trade. In
1849 he came via the Horn to San Francisco,
where he engaged in mining. In 1852 he re-
turned to the east by the isthmus, the next year
was married, then spent eighteen months in
Wheeling, W. Va., and in 1855 settled in Oska-
loosa, Iowa, where he had many important con-
tracts.

The year 1872 found him bringing his fam-
ily to San Francisco, and from there by boat
to Santa Barbara, where he bought a home and
engaged in building. In 1884 he came to Pasa-
dena and bought five acres on Villa and Moline
streets, also fifteen acres on Villa and North
Moline. where he engaged in horticulture. On
this place his death occurred August 26, 1893,
since which the five-acre tract has been sold by
his heirs, but the fifteen acres are still retained,
with the exception of such portion as has been
opened into streets. He was a Republican in
politics, an active worker among the Odd Fel-
lows, and for forty years a leading member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church.

At Sistersville, W. Va., October 3, 1853,
Robert W. Lacey married Miss Nancy Engle,
who was born in Greensburg, Pa. Her father,
Ezra, who was born December 13, 1790, was a
son of Peter Engle, who was born in Ghent,
Belgium, August 17, 1747. The latter's father,
John P. Engle, a native of Saxony, brought his
wife and family to America in 1749, settling in
Frederick, Md. During the Revolutionary war
Peter Engle was with General Washington and
took part" in the capture of the Hessians at
Trenton, also spent the winter of 1777-78 at
Valley Forge, where he suffered all the horrors
of co'ld and hunger. He died in Greensburg,
Pa., as did also his wife, Susanna (Hugh) Engle,
who was born m Maryland in 1750. At Harper's
Ferry Ezra Engle learned the gunsmith's trade,
and later engaged in business at Greensburg,
then at Sistersville. Such was the quahty of his
work that people came to him from mdes away
in order to purchase one of his guns. His
death occurred when he was seventy-eight. His
wife, Nancy, was born in Mapletown, Pa., and
died at Sistersville, W. Va.; of their nine chil-
dren four are iiving. She was a daughter of
Jacob Black, a native of Greene county. Pa., and
a first cousin of Jeremiah S. Black, the noted at-
torney of Pennsylvania; Jacob Black married
Margaret Grindstaff, of Pennsylvania.

Among the pioneers of Pasadena none stands
higher in the estimation and confidence of the
people than does Mr. Mills, who by reason of
his long residence in the same locality, his in-
timate knowledge of the development of Pasa-
dena and his integrity, together with other fine
quahties, combine to place him in the ranks of
the city's most honored pioneers and respected
citizens.

ANDREW GLASSELL, Sr. From the pe-
riod of his arrival in California during the pio-
neer days of 1852 until his death, nearly fifty
years later, Mr. Glassell was intimately associ-
ated with the profession of law in this state, with
the exception only of the momentous days of the
Civil war. His influence was apparent during
the formulative period of the state, when men of
powerful minds and strong wills were needed to
place the commonwealth upon a substantial
basis; nor were his achievements less commend-
able during those later years of progress and
development which have rendered possible the
high standing of California to-day.

Many of the qualities so noticeable in the life
of Mr. Glassell were his by right of inheritance
from Scotch ancestry. He was the fourth in di-
rect succession to bear the name of Andrew
Glassell, the first having been a worthy Scot
whose son and namesake founded the family in
Virginia. In a family of six children, whose
parents were Andrew and Susan (Thornton)
Glassell, the last survivor was Andrew, born in
Virginia, at the ancestral home (known as
Torthorwald) September 30, 1827. When seven
years of age he was taken to Sumter county,
Ala., where his father became a cotton planter
near Livingston. At seventeen years of age
he entered the University of Alabama, from
which he was graduated in 1848. The study
of law he began under the preceptorship of
Hon. Samuel W. Inge, and on being ad-
mitted to the bar commenced a general profes-
sional practice, during which time he enjoyed
the friendship of Hon. John A. Campbell, at one
time a justice of the supreme court of the
United States.

As before stated, it was in 1852 that Mr.
Glassell cast in his fortunes with the new state
of California. The recommendations which he
brought from Judge Campbell not only secured
his admission to the bar of the supreme court
of this state, but also gave him at once a high
rank among its lawyers, and he was soon ap-
pointed a deputy of the United States district
attorney of California at San Francisco. His
especial assignment was the trying of a large
number of land cases, some of which were then
pending before the United States land commis-
sion, appointed under act of Congress of
March 3, 1851, to settle the titles to lands in
this state. After three years in this position he
resumed private practice in San Francisco and
so continued until the war, when, on account of
his southern sympathies rendering it impossible
for him to take the test oath, he temporarily
closed his ofiice, and until after the termination
of the war engaged in running a steam saw mill
and manufacturing lumber and staves near
Santa Cruz. With the close of the war he agfain
took up professional labors, selecting Los
Angeles as his future home and entering into

538

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

partnership with Alfred B. Chapman, a friend of
his boyhood and at one time an officer in the
regular army. For a time the firm title was
Glassell & Chapman, but the admission of Col.
George H. Smith, January i, 1870, caused a
change of name to Glassell, Chapman & Smith:
and for a short time Henry M. Smith, now de-
ceased, and late judge of the superior court of
Los Angeles county, was a member of the firm.
In 1879 Mr. Chapman retired to engage in
horticultural pursuits, and later George S. Pat-
ton, a nephew of Mr. Glassell, was admitted a?
a junif)r partner. This association continued
until 1883, when Mr. Glassell retired, to enjoy in
his declining years the leisure and comforts
which he liad so worthily won and merited.

During his residence in San Francisco Mr.
Glassell married Lucy Toland, whose father,
Dr. H. H. Toland, was the founder of the
Toland Medical College, now the medical de-
partment of the California State University.
Nine children were born of this union, namely:
Susan G., wife of H. M. Mitchell, represented
elsewhere in this work; Minnie G., Mrs. Har-
rington Brown, of Los Angeles; Hugh, who is
manager and one of the executors of his father's
estate; Andrew and William T., both of whom
are represented on another page; Louise G.,
wife of Dr. J. DeBarth Shorb, of Los Angeles;
Phihp H. and Alfred L., of Los Angeles; and
Lucien T., who died at nineteen years. Mrs.
Lucy Glassell was born in South Carolina and
was a mere child when brought to California.
where her death occurred at thirty-nine years of
age. In religion she was a faithful member of
the Catholic Church. Six years after her death
Mr. Glassell was again married, his second wife
being Mrs. Virginia Alicou Ring, of New Or-
leans, who died in Los Angeles in 1897. The
death of Mr. Glassell occurred at his home. No.
352 Buena Vista street, Los Angeles, January
28, 1901. Many tributes of respect and honor
were paid to his memory by those who had been
associated with him during the years of his pro-
fessional activity. Among others we quote the
following from the memorial adopted by the
attorneys of Los Angeles and prepared at their
request by a committee consisting of Stephen
M. White, A. M. Stephens, A. W. Hutton, J. R.
Scott and J. A. Graves.

"At all times since the formation of the co-
partnership of Glassell & Chapman down to the
time of Mr. Glassell's retirement, the firm of
firms of which he was the head enjoyed a large
and lucrative practice. He and his copartners
were favorably known throughout the state and
especially in this section, and they were usually
retained on one side or the other of every impor-
tant civil suit tried in this county and vicinity.
The records of the several tribunals, state and
federal, abound with evidence demonstrating the
extent and importance of the litigation so ably

conducted by and under the supervision of Mr.
Glassell. and to these records reference is made
as the highest and best evidence of his reputa-
tion, worth and ability as a lawyer. Not only
was the firm of Glassell & Chapman active prac-
titioners of the law, but they did much to de-
velop and improve this section of the state.
They did not, as so many owners of large tracts
of land have done, wait to become enriched by
and through the enterprise of their neighbors,
but took an active interest in all matters calcu-
lated to induce immigration and the upbuilding
of Southern California. One instance of their
deals in real estate may be cited: About 1868
they became the owners of a large tract of land
in the Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana. This
tract was subdivided and a large irrigating canal
constructed to conduct the waters of the Santa
Ana river to the farming lands and to the town
of Richland, which was laid out by them, and
the land offered for sale upon terms most favor-
able to settlers. This little town of Richland is
now the city of Orange. The canal of the Semi-
Tropic Water Company has been from time to
time extended and enlarged until to-day it forms
a large part of the property of the Santa Ana
Valley Irrigation Company and a portion of the
finest system of irrigation in the southern por-
tion of the state.

"Mr. Glassell was one of the incorporators,
and for many years preceding his death one of
the directors, of the Farmers and Merchants
Bank of Los Angeles. He also took part in
the organization of the Los Angeles City Water
Company in 1868 and continued to be one of its
large stockholders. About the same year the
firm of Glassell & Chapman acted as the attor-
neys in the incorporation of the Los Angeles
& San Pedro Railway Company, by which com-
pany the first railroad in Los Angeles county
was constructed. They were its attorneys con-
tinuously until the road was transferred to the
Southern Pacific Railroad Company, when the
firm became local attorneys for this latter com-
pany. As a lawyer and as a man he was
scrupulously honest, direct in his methods, open
and frank in all his dealings, and toward the
members of the bar always extremely courteous
and affable, but at the same time in the trial of
a case bold and vigorous. He was generous to
those who were associated with him in his
cases and always quick to recognize and
acknowledge their services rendered in the com-
mon cause. He was liberal to the young men
who entered the profession through his office
and more than one member of your committee
remember with gratitude his kindness, helpful-
ness and generosity, and it is most pleasing now
to remember that in all of their intercourse with
him they cannot recall one single coarse expres-
sion or a single instance in which even for a
moment he laid aside the bearing of a gentle-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

239

man. He was a sound lawyer, deeply versed in
the principles of his profession and thoroughly
posted as to precedents affecting the questions
in hand. He was a safe adviser and practical
rather than brilliant. He was not an orator,
but always terse, clear and forcible in argument.
He was at all times thoroughly prepared at the
trial, and in the preparation acted upon the
theory that he is the best lawyer who drafts his
pleading and other papers so thoroughly as to
leave no weak points for the attack of his ad-
versary, and consequently but little need of ora-
tory to defend them. In his business dealings
with his debtors he was merciful and forbearing,
often reducing or remitting the debt when its
enforcement might have seemed to be harsh.
Each member of your committee has personally
known Mr. Glassell for more than a quarter of
a century and can without reservation attest
that they never heard expressed any suspicion
of the man. By devotion to his profession and
by rare business sagacity he accumulated a large
fortune, but by far the richest legacy he leaves
behind him is the reputation which he earned by
a lifelong course of honest dealing in his pro-
fessional and business career. Notwithstanding
his retirement from the practice hereinbefore
noted, his life was a laborious one and full of
responsibilities, and it is said by one who was
very near to him in his latter days that he was
ready to lay down the burdens of life and rest.
His mortal career is ended; his life's roll is
made up and at its conclusion is written the
endorsement, 'An honest and just man.' "

COL. LORENZ P. HANSEN. The years
that have elapsed since Colonel Hansen came to
Pasadena in 1890 have found him active in pro-
moting measures for the benefit of the people,
indefatigable in forwarding schemes for the
improvement of transportation facilities, and
energetic in the development of real-estate in-
terests. Soon after his arrival he acquired by
purchase twenty acres lying between Lake, Wil-
son. California and San Pasqual streets, and
this tract he improved, converting it into a
beautiful homestead. Subsequently three acres
were sold, but he still owns seventeen acres,
forming what is known as Oak Villa, his present
home, and this property he has improved with
a cozy residence, a thrifty orange grove and ex-
cellent water facilities. In addition to his own
home another house stands on the place. He
built the Masonic Temple, corner of Colorado
street and Raymond avenue, a three-story struc-
ture, 65x125, and one of the finest buildings in
Pasadena; this he recently sold. Besides his
property in Pasadena, he was interested in lands
at Lake \'icw, Riverside county, and is a direc-
tor in the Lake View Water Company.

The parents of Colonel Hansen were Olaf
and Maria Hansen, natives of Denmark, the

former a brick mason. In the family of six
children three attained maturity, two daughters
and one son, all of whom are now in America.
Lorenz P., the second of these, was born in
Rise, North Schleswig, Denmark, July 26, 1847,
and as a boy attended the national school.
When fourteen he began to learn the ship car-
penter's trade in Abenrade. Two years later,
on the breaking out of the Danish-German war,
he was pressed mto service as a teamster, serv-
ing until the close of the war. Meantime, in the
battle of Oversea, he received a sabre wound
ever the right eye and was also wounded by a
shell that struck him in the neck. When the
war was over he went to Copenhagen and se-
cured employment in a wholesale house, re-
maining there until i868, when he came to the
United States. In this country his first location
was Detroit, where for three years he was em-
ployed ;n the wholesale wood yard of Mr. Liv-
ingstone, winning promotion to the position
of superintendent through his faithfulness and
ability. Being ambitious to acquire a good
English education, he attended school every
evening, so that his life was a very busy one.

From Detroit Colonel Hansen went to Chi-
cago in 1871, immediately after the fire, and
opened a restaurant on Madison and Dearborn
streets, where he remained for twenty years.
His was the first restaurant started after the
fire and became one of the well-known places in
the city. The business was conducted under
the German name of Radskeller, which means
the court's assemblage place to dine,, In 1890
he sold the business and came to California,
since which_ time he has made Pasadena his
home. During his residence in Chicago he was
president of the Eclipse Manufacturing Com-
]jany, manufacturers of steam radiators. The
real-estate business also received considerable
attention from him. He erected the University
Club building on Dearborn, between Washing-
ton and Madison streets, one of the most cen-
tral locations in Chicago. Another important
undertaking was the building of the Geneva
Flats, a large apartment building on Rush
street, which he still owns. For five years he
was a member of Company I, First Regiment
Illinois State Militia, and then assisted in or-
ganizing the Veterans' Corps, to which he be-
longed for several years, and of which he was
a charter member.

The marriage of Colonel Hansen occurred in
Detroit and united him with Miss Anna Mose-
gaard, who was born in North Schleswig, Den-
mark. They are the parents of two children.
Their son, Waldemar Grant, is represented else-
where in this volume. The daughter, Laurina.
is a graduate of Irving Institute of San Fran-
cisco. .-Kfter coming to California, Colonel Han-
sen became interested in securing better trans-
portation facilities than then existed in Pasa-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

dena and Los Angeles. He was one of the
original promoters of the Pasadena & Los An-
geles Electric Railway Company, and its first
vice-president. All of the street car franchises
were granted in his name and he personally ob-
tained the right of way. After the road was
completed he disposed of his interest therein.
As the first president and a promoter of the
Santa Monica Railroad (now the Los Angeles
and Pacific Railway), he was active in the con-
struction of this road and still owns stock in
the same. For three years, by appointment, he
served as aide-de-camp on the staff of Gov. H.
H. Markham, with the rank of lieutenant-colo-
nel. Under Governor Burt he held the same
official rank for four years, continuing for
eighteen months under Governor Gage, when
he resigned. In politics he is a pronounced
Republican. While in Chicago he was made a
Mason in Golden Rule Lodge, which he served
as senior warden; there joined the chapter and
commandery, and was a member of St. Bernard
Drill Corps, in command of the second division.
At this writing he is connected with Corona
Lodge in Pasadena.

The personal characteristics of Colonel Han-
sen are such as command respect in the busi-
ness world and win warm friendships in social
circles. In this era of strenuous activity those
deserve conmiendatlon who rise to influential
positions when assisted by the prestige of birth,
education and ancestry. Still more do those
men merit praise who rise above such obsta-
cles as foreign birth, a lack of knowledge of
American customs and language, and the dis-
couraging outlook of a friendless condition in
a strange country. To this latter class belongs
Colonel Hansen, who came to America a stran-
ger in a strange land; yet, with the determina-
tion and force of will which have always char-
acterized him, set himself to work to win a
name and place for himself. How well he has
succeeded in his meritorious endeavor his pres-
ent position abundantly testifies.

JAMES A. HILL. Among all of the con-
tracts filled by Mr. Hill since he began business
in Los Angeles, there has been none more im-
portant than the building of the Third street
tunnel, a work of such magnitude that two
years were spent in excavating. The construc-
tion was peculiarly difficult on account of the
presence of a large quantity of water, which was
discovered after many prominent civil engineers
had declared it to be a dry hill. During the
process of building he was one of the seventeen
men who were buried beneath the debris at the
time the cave fell in. The accident occurred
at 1 1 130 in the morning and it was eleven at
night before the first men were unearthed;
shortly after midnight most of the men had been
rescued, but it was three days before all were

out. It seems little short of a miracle that four-
teen of the number were saved, although two
of these were in a very critical condition when
rescued. The completion of the tunnel has
proved of the greatest benefit to Los Angeles,
and it is estimated that five thousand people
pass through it every day.

Mr. Hill was born at Stuart, Guthrie county,
Iowa, August 30, 1865, a son of Andrew Jack-
son and Susan (Thompson) Hill, natives of
Ohio. His paternal grandfather, Andrew J.
Hill, Sr., was born in Pennsylvania, and when
a boy, with his father, was captured by the
Indians, and saw his father killed by the sav-
ages, while he himself was put to torture, his
ears pierced and his tongue split. Finally, on
payment of a ransom, he was freed. Later he
settled in Ohio, where he died. Andrew J.,
Jr., removed to Guthrie county, Iowa, in 1847.
and entered a tract of government land, which
he improved and upon which he died at sixty-
seven years of age. His wife is still living on
the old homestead. Her father, John Thomp-
son, the son of a Revolutionary soldier, served
in the war of 181 2 and afterward settled in
Ohio, thence, in 1847, gO'"g to Guthrie county,
Iowa, of which he was the earliest settler.

In a family of eleven children, all but one
of whom attained mature years and six are liv-
ing, Jauics A. Hill was fourth in order of birth,
and is the only one in California. From early
boyhood he helped in the work of the farm,
attending school only six months altogether.
When he was ten he began to work at the brick-
layer's trade in Des Moines, under S. A. Rob-
inson, and three years later was drawing a man's
wages. Some of his early work was in the
building of the state capitol. About 1881 he
went to Omaha, Neb., where he was a charter
member of the Union, and in 1884 and 1885
worked as a contractor. During the fall of 1885
he came to Los Angeles, where he has since
followed contracting, having probably had some
part in the erection of over three thousand
buildings in this city. Much of his work has
been upon the best residences and public build-
ings. Coming here when the town was still
small, but when it was beginning to attract
strangers as residents or investors, he found
iiimsclf overwhelmed with contracts during the
boom period and even afterward, while a gen-
eral depression existed, his services were still
in demand. Among his contracts were those
for the Homer Laughlin building, Hotel \'an
Nuys, Newmark building, Douglas and Baker
blocks, Third street tunnel (with Mr. Swenson),
Salisbury block (1886), Bryson and Bonebrake
block, Hinstell building. Baker and Leed's
warehouses, and the addition to the State Nor-
mal. Besides his contracting business he is
interested in oil, as a stockholder in the Hia-
watha and Kramer Oil Companies.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

243

As a deleg-ate to convention and a partici-
pant in public affairs, Mr. Hill has been of as-
sistance in promoting Republican success. He
is connected with the Fraternal Brotherhood
and the Maccabees. By his marriage to Miss
Nellie Fillburn, who was born in Santa Rosa,
Cal., he has a son, Robert, and the family oc-
cupy a pleasant home at No. 1317 West Elev-
enth street.

CEPHAS L. BARD, M. D. Prominent
among those to whom the medical and surgical
profession for years was a source of pleasure
and research, in whom the opening vistas and
yet hidden paths inspired the workings of a mas-
ter mind, and v.'ho, after a strenuous army and
frontier experience, later long continued
peaceful practice, was Dr. Cephas L. Bard, who
came to California in 1868, and was the first
graduate physician to locate in the then small
settlement of Ventura.

The ancestry represented by Dr. Bard was
an enviable one, the profession of law and medi-
cine being upheld by brilliant exponents on the
maternal side, while on the paternal side Drs.
John and Samuel Bard were founders of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in New
York City. Remote ancestors of tlie family were
among those persecuted Huguenots who were
forced to seek an asylum in more tolerant Eng-
land, from which country they crossed the sea
and became pioneers of Pennsylvania. The
great-great-grandfather, Richard, settled in the
state of William Penn in 1745, and in 1758 he
and his wife were captured by the Indians and
saved from a general massacre for a more dread-
ful fate. Fortunately, however, he succeeded in
making his escape, and his wife, after being in
captivity for a year, was surrendered at Fort Du
Ouesne in consideration of a ransom of forty
pounds sterling. The paternal grandfather,
Thomas Bard, was also born in Pennsylvania,
was a farmer during his active life, and during
the war of 1812 was invested with the rank of
captain.

The next in succession, Robert M. Bard, the
father of Dr. Bard, was born in Chambersburg,
Pa., in 1810, and became a prominent attorney
and a leader of the bar of Franklin county, Pa.,
at the time of his death being candidate for con-
gress. The mother of Dr. Bard, formerly Eliza-
beth Little, came of a distinguished family, and
was the daughter of Dr. P. W. Little, of Mer-
cersburg, Pa. Her brother. Dr. B. Rush Little,
was at the time of his death professor of ob-
stetrics in the Keokuk (Iowa) Medical College,
and another brother, R. Parker Little, was for
years connected with the Columbus Medical
College. The maternal grandfather of Mrs.
Bard, Col. Robert Parker, was on the staff of
General Lafayette during the Revolutionary
war, and received special recognition from Gen-

eral Washington as a reward for gallant service
during the conflict. Two sons and two daugh-
ters were born to Robert M. Bard and wife, and
the two sons, Cephas L. and Thomas Robert,
rose to eminence among the citizens of Ventura
county, the latter being honored by election to
the United States senate from the state which
he so materially and ably served.

A native of Chambersburg, Pa., Dr. Bard was
born April 7, 1843, and was graduated from the
classical course of the Chambersburg Academy
at the age of seventeen. As a preliminary to the
study of medicine he entered the office of Dr.
A. H. Senseny, one of the most talented physi-
cians of Pennsylvania, and later began to studv
at the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia,
when an interruption was caused by the out-
break of the Civil war. Enlisting as a private
in Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth
Pennsylvania Infantry, he participated in the
second battle of Bull Run, and the battles of
Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.
At the expiration of his nine months of service
he continued to study at Jefferson Medical Col-
lege, and finally passed an examination before
an army board and was appointed assistant sur-
geon to the Two Hundred and Tenth Pennsyl-
vania Infantry by Governor Curtin. This regi-
ment was exceptionally active and was at the
front in all of the important battles, its greatest
losses occurring at Hatcher's Run, Dabne)'"s
Mills, Petersburg, Gravelly Run and Five Forks.
The regiment was commanded by Col. William
Sergeant, brother-in-law of General Meade, com-
mander of the army of the Potomac.

After the war Dr. Bard returned to Pennsyl-
vania and resumed the study of medicine, gradu-
ating from Jeft'erson Medical College in 1866.
and then practicing at Chambersburg until 1868.
During a part of the time he was county phy-
sician. He then located in Ventura, after which
he pursued, at various times, special courses in
New York and Philadelphia, and acted as county
physician during the greater part of his resi-
dence here. He was the first president of the
Ventura County Medical Society, and in 1893
was elected president of the Southern California
Medical Society. At a meeting of the State
Medical Society in San Francisco, in 1897, he
was elected president, and the following year
presided at the meeting in Fresno. He was a
member of the American Medical Association
and surgeon of the Southern Pacific Railroad
from Saugus to Carpinteria and branches. In
political affiliation he was a Republican and in
religion a Presbyterian. He was a member of
the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, the
Grand Army of the Republic, Gushing Post;
Lodge No. 214, F. & A. M., at Ventura^ Chap-
ter No. 50, R. A. M., and Al Malakiah Temple,
N. M. S., of Los Angeles.

With his brother the senator. Dr. Bard,

246

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

that battle. He was present during the siege of
Vicksburg, near the close of which he was at-
tacked by typho-malarial fever and was off duty
for fifty-five days.

After the surrender of Vicksburg the
Thirteenth Army Corps was sent to the depart-
ment of the Gulf. There Colonel Sheldon was
in the campaign up the Teche and to Opelousas.
and was then sent to Plaquemine, one hundred
and ten miles above New Orleans, to resist the
advance of General Walker. He remained in
command of that district four months, and was
then transferred to the command of the district
of Baton Rouge. From there he was sent in
command of five regiments to the assistance of
the retreating arrny of Banks after the disastrous
Red river campaign. From that time until the
close of the war he was in command of an ex-
peditionary force that operated in Arkansas,
Louisiana and Mississippi. In recognition of
meritorious and gaiiant services he was bre-
vetted brigadier-general. At the close of the
war he was in New Orleans and remained there,
engaging in professional practice, which stead-
ily grew more important and lucrative. As he
had been prominent in the army, so also in af-
fairs of peace he proved himself to be a wise
counselor, and his service of three terms in the
house of congress added new lustre to his name.
In 1880 he was a delegate to the national Re-
publican convention, where he was instrumental
in securing the nomination of his friend, James
A. Garfield. Later iie and his wife spent two
months in the White House as the guest of the
president, who also showed his friendship by
tendering him the appointment as governor of
New Mexico, an office that he filled from May
5th, 1881, until June 15, 1885. On the expira-
tion of his term he remained in the territory
practicing law. In December, 1885, he was ap-
pointed a receiver of the Texas & Pacific Rail-
road, which he operated for two years. When
the road was sold and his accounts adjusted
(which occurred without objection to a single
item), he removed to Pasadena, Cal., where he
has since resided. Since coming west he has had
numerous honors conferred upon him. In i8q6
he was a delegate-at-large from the state to the
Republican national convention at St. Louis,
which nominated McKinley for president.

In spite of his active life and the hardships
of his army service. General Sheldon is un-
usually well-preserved, and at once impresses
a stranger as a man of fine physical powers.
However, splendid as are his powers of body,
they are sur])assed by those of the mind. In
the midst of his busy life, he has found time to
gain a broad knowledge and has devoted many
of his happiest hours to literary pursuits. In
habits he has been exemplary and in character ir-
reproachable. Doubtless, it those best acquainted
with him were asked his chief trait, thev would

promptly reply "Moral courage," and it is true
that this faculty is especially prominent among
his characteristics. It was noticeable m his
youth, and the years of manhood have given
abundant opportunity for its development. As
a patriot and a statesman, and a man who has
rendered most helpful service to our country,
his name is worthy of perpetuation in the annals
of the nation.

A. L. JENNESS. Very early in the history
of America three brothers bearing the family
name of Jenness came from England to seek
homes in the new world. One of these settled
m Rye, N. H., and from him the lineage is
traced to Judge A. L. Jenness, of Santa Mo-
nica. Joseph Jenness and his son, Joseph, Jr.,
spent their entire lives as farmers near Wolf-
boro, Carroll county, N. H. The latter married
Eliza J. Hawkins, who was born at Wolfboro
and is now living on the Wolfboro homestead.
Her father, Joseph, was descended from an
English family long resident in New Hamp-
shire.

The family of which A. L. Jenness is a mem-
ber consisted of himself and two sisters, of
whom one sister is deceased. He was born on
the farm near Wolfboro May 11, 1842, and re-
ceived excellent educational advantages, for his
parents were of that sturdy class of New Eng-
landers whose devotion to education has made
that region a power in the world. After a
course of study in Wolfboro Academy he en-
tered New Hampton Institute and later matricu-
lated in Amherst College, where he continued
until the junior year. About 1867 he became a
teacher in Clermont county, Ohio. The year
1869 found him in Missouri, where he was long
a successful and prominent educator. For a
time he was connected with the schools of Au-
drain county, in 1872 went to Monroe county,
and a year later secured an appointment as
teacher in Montgomery county, where he was
superintendent of the Danville schools until
1882. From 1883 until 1888 he held a position
as superintendent of the Montgomery City
schools. Next he was for two years superin-
tendent at Jamesport, where his successful work
sustained the high reputation he had previously
won in educational circles. From 1890 to 1892
he was engaged with the Fayette schools, and
the two following years was superintendent of
the Chillicothe (Mo.) schools. Meantime he
was actively interested in institute work, was a
favorite speaker at county and state teachers'
conventions, and did much to promote educa-
tional work in Missouri. His removal from the
state to California in 1894 was a loss to the
public-school system, whose welfare he had so
long and so honorably promoted.

Settling in Santa Monica in 1894, Mr. Jenness
has since made this city his home, and has en-

//^.

Y^{ ^ T^T^/'^^^w

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

gaged in the real-estate and insurance business
both here and in Los Angeles, besides which,
from 1898 to 1902, he held the office of justice
of the peace, elected on the Republican ticket.
He is a member of the vestry of the Santa Mo-
nica Episcopal Church. Fraternally he is a
past officer of the Ancient Order of United
Workmen and the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows, his membership in the latter organi-
zation now being with the Montgomery City,
Mo., lodge. While living in Missouri he mar-
ried Rosa Marshall, who was born in Ohio and
died in Missouri. The two daughters of their
union, Louisa R. and Lydia J., are teachers in
Ohio schools. After coming to Santa Monica
he was again married, his wife being Margaret
Van Every, who was born near Hamilton, On-
tario, and who shares with him in the esteem of
associates and acquaintances.

MAJOR JOEL ADAMS FITHIAN. The
life which this narrative sketches began April
3. 1839, near Bridgcton, Cumberland county,
N. J., on the old Fithian homestead which has
been in the family for generations, and closed
at Los Angeles, Cal., March 26, 1898. Be-
tween these two dates is the epitome of a career
that was busy, useful and successful. Whether
as a soldier on the battlefield between north
and south, or as a soldier in the no less stern
battle of life. Major Fithian acted well his part;
and the prosperity that came to him was directly
attributable to his wise judgm.ent and tireless
activity. The latter years of his life were inti-
mately identified with Santa Barbara, where he
made his home. It may be doubted if any citi-
zen maintained a warmer interest in the city's
well-being and growth than did he. From the
time of estabHshing his home here until his
death, he was a constant contributor to move-
ments looking toward the city's advancement.
His name is particularly associated with the
Fithian building, Santa Barbara's finest struc-
ture, which he began in 1S95 and completed the
following year. The building affords a fine
specimen of modern architecture and is in every
respect substantial and elegant. With a frontage
of one hundred and forty-six feet on State,
corner of Ortega street, it occupies a location
central and desirable, and its commanding posi-
tion is further enhanced by the presence of a
large Seth Thomas clock with chimes. It was
Major Fithian's privilege to see the consumma-
tion of this building, but the many other plans
be cherished for the city's improvement were
prevented by death. Among these plans was
one for the improvement of Ortega street be-
tween State and Chapala. by the erection of sub-
stantial business houses, including a two-storv
block covering two-thirds of the street. Had
not death intervened, the city would now pos-

sess many other monuments to his business
enterprise.

When a boy Joel Adams Fithian resided in
Bridgeton, N. J., with his parents, Joel and Han-
nah (Ludlam) P'ithian, but before reaching his
majority he removed to Easton, Md. There he
became the owner of a large plantation. About
tliat time sectional feeling was bitter. The war
was approaching, and in his part of Maryland
the sympathies of the people were with the
south. A committee of prominent citizens
waited upon him and gave him twentv-four
hours to leave the state. Knowing the fate that
other Union men had met, he felt that "dis-
cretion was the better part of valor" and left
returning to Bridgeton, N. J. Shortlv after-
ward, with Lieut, (later Capt.) Elijah Husted.
he opened a recruiting office and, under the
name of the Kearney Guards, formed what
afterward became Companv F. Twenty-fourth
New Jersey Infantry, of which he was duly
elected captain. With the regiment he was
mustered into service September 16, 1862.
Upon reaching the field, the Twenty-fourth was
attached to General Abercrombie's brigade, but
soon was permanently transferred to "French's
(Third) Division, Couch's (Second) Army
Corps, Army of the Potomac, Brigadier-General
Nathan Kimball commanding. His eminent fit-
ness for staff duty was recognized by Gen. Wil-
liam H. French, who appointed him to the im-
portant office of inspector-general of the Third
Division, and in that capacity he took part in
the battle of Fredericksburg, in December, 1862,
under General Burnside; and Chancellorsville!
in May, 1863, under General Hooker. On the
expiration of his term of enlistment he was mus-
tered out June 29, 1863. However, he was not
content to remain out of the service as long as
the government remained in need of soldiers,
and he soon returned to the army. February
28, 1864, he was appointed major and addi-
tional paymaster, U. S. A., in which capacity he
was with the armies of the Potomac and Shenan-
doah, participating in various campaigns under
General Sheridan. Immediately after the sur-
render of the Confederates he Was ordered to
Richmond, Va.. to assist in the final pavment of
the soldiers, and he remained on this duty until
October 12, 1865, when he resigned his co'mmis-
sion and resumed the duties of a private citizen.
The next thirty years of Major Fithian's life
v.ere devoted principally to the banking busi-
ness, first in Richmond, Va., where he became
vice-president of one of that city's largest banks;
and later in New York City, and Paris, France,
where his interests were large and of the great-
est importance. Finally, attracted by the sunny
'-kies and genial climate of California, he estab-
lished his home in Santa Barbara, into whose
activities he at once entered with the energ>-
that was one of his characteristics. Possessing

250

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the qualities of mind and heart that win and
retain friends, he soon became one of the lead-
ing citizens of his adopted city. In any gath-
ering of people his soldierly bearing, courtly
dignity of manner and genial courtesy made
him a 'conspicuous figure. Nature had endowed
hiai liberally, and education and culture had
brought these gifts to fruition. His face bore
the stamp of a striking personality, and even
those who met him but once could readily dis-
cern his possession of powers that raise a man
from competency to wealth and prestige and
prominence.

In New York City Major Fithian married
Fannie B., daughter of Richard B. Connolly.
Four children were born of their union. The
elder daughter, Myra, married Chester Allan
Arthur, son of ex-President Arthur, and resides
in Colorado Springs, Colo. The younger daugh-
ter, Fannie, is the wife of Comte Arthur de
Gabriac, of Paris, France. One son, R. Bar-
rett, is a resident of Santa Barbara, in whose
improvement he takes an active part. _ The
other, Joel R., is an extensive horticulturist of
Carpinteria, and president of the Union Mill &
Lumber Company. They are both members of
the Santa Barbara Club, the Polo and Country
clubs and the Chamber of Commerce. Major
Fithian built and founded the Country Club in
Montecito, which now belongs to his elder son,
R. Barrett. In 1898, while Major Fithian was
returning from a visit of a few months in Paris,
apparently full of life and health, he was sud-
denly taken ill in the journey across the conti-
nent', and was unable to proceed further than
Los Angeles, where he died within a compara-
tively few miles of the home he loved. After
his death Airs. Fithian spent a portion of each
vear in Europe, whiie the balance of the time
was passed in her old home-town of Santa Bar-
bara. Her death occurred December 29, 1901,
when she was visiting in Paris.

GEORGE WALTER JUDKINS. The Jud-
kins family came from England to Maine many
years ago and was afterward identified with the
'development of the Pine Tree state. After some
years of seafaring life, during which time, as
mate of a vessel, he has sailed all over the world,
Lawrence McLaurin Judkins decided to seek a
home on the Pacific coast and in 1847 rounded
the Horn and landed in San Francisco. For a
time he engaged in trading on the Sacramento
river, but as soon as news of the discovery of
gold reached him he hastened to the mines of the
American river, where he joined the eager throng
of gold-seekers. A few years later he purchased
a farm in Sonoma county and in 1862 removed
to San Diego county, buying a tract of unim-
proved land fifteen miles above old San Diego.
The cultivation of this property engrossed his
.ittentinn and he was bringing il to an excellent

condition when, in 1868, he was murdered by
one of his Indian employes. He had survived
some years his wife, Annie (Dornell) Judkins,
who was born in Wisconsin, crossed the plains
in 1850 and died in Sonoma county. Of their
three children, Foscaria died in Nevada; Joseph
D. resides in Washington, and George Walter,
in Los Angeles.

His membership in Ramona Parlor, Native
Sons of the Golden West, proves that George
Walter Judkins is a native Californian. He was
born in Petaluma, Sonoma county, October 16,
1858, and grew to manhood on a farm. In 1879
he traveled through Nevada and Idaho, visiting
the principal mining centers, and then crossed
the mountains on horseback, and in 1880 arrived
at Qiico, Butte county, Cal. Going next to San
Francisco, he secured an unimportant position in
the machine shop of the Pacific Rolling mills,
where he learned the machinist's trade. On com-
pleting the trade he was employed to put in ma-
chinery of all kinds in different parts of Califor-
nia. His residence in Los Angeles dates from
September, 1888, when he besjan contracting: and
building. In 1891 he entered the employ of the
Los Angeles Consolidated Railway Company
(now the Los Angeles Railway Company), and
after assisting to put in their plant, he acted as
chief engineer of the same for six vears. On the
organization of the Los Angeles Traction Com-
pany, he accepted a position as first engineer and
superintended the building of the company's
plant, which is one of the largest in the city. As
motive power, four boilers are used, each with
three hundred and twenty-five horse power, oil
being used as fuel. Two engines have two hun-
dred and fiftv-horse power, and one has seven
hundred and fifty. With a view to enlarging this
canacity the company expects soon to put in other
boilers and engines, which will make the plant
one of the larp-est in the entire west, as it is al-
readv one of the most reliable and perfect in its
operation.

In Qiico, Cal., Mr. Judkins married Miss Nona
McCargar, who was born in Minnesota, and bv
whom he has three children, Georgia, Ray and
Hazel. The family are identified with the Metho-
dist Episcopal Qiurch. to the support of which
Mr. Judkins is a contributor. Fraternally he is
connected with the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows in Los Angeles ; Independent Order of
Foresters, in which he is past officer; Modern
Woodmen of America and Fraternal Brother-,
hood, as well as Native Sons of the Golden West,
previously mentioned. For eight years he was a
member of the board of examiners, having charge
of examinations of stationar>- engineers applying
for licenses. In politics he votes with the Re-
publicans.

The position held by Mr. Judkins is one for
which he is especially qualified. The mechanical
skill with which n.iture endowed him has been

d£ ^^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

253

developed and trained by constant study and by
long experience in his particular occupation.
His knowledge of machinery is complete and
thorough, and those in a position to know have
said that, in their opinion, Los Angeles has no
resident more familiar with the operating of large
plants than is Mr. Judkins.

ROBERT BRENT ORD. During a com-
paratively long and very useful life Robert Brent
Ord creditably upheld the reputation of a family
numerously identified with the important affairs
of the country, and who served with distinction
during the Civil war, their talents adding lustre
also to the professions of law and medicine, and
solidity to the commercial undertakings in
which they were engaged. Judge Ord was born
in Washington, D. C, March 4, 1827, a son of
James Ord, who was born in England, and came
to the United States when a young man. The
elder Ord acquired his education at Georgetown
College, his intention being to enter the priest-
hood, but subsequent events modified his plans
to entering government service, first as midship-
man, and later as one of the regular navy. For
many years he was located in Michigan as Indian
agent at Sault Ste. Marie, after which he retired
from business life and located in Santa Cruz.
After the death of his wife he lived for a time in
San Francisco, his remaining years being spent
with his son, Gen. E. O. C. Ord, at whose home
his death occurred. He married Rebecca Ruth
Cresap, member of an old Maryland family, who
prided themselves upon gallant service in the
wars of the Revolution and 1812. Of the seven
sons and one daughter in the family, one son and
one daughter are now living. Placidus served
in the Civil war and died in Omaha; Gen. Ed-
ward O. C. Ord participated in the Civil war
with the rank of major-general; Judge Pacificus
Ord came to California in 1849, was an attorney
of large wealth, judge of the supreme court of
California, and died in Washington in 1900; Dr.
James L. Ord was a practicing physician in
Santa Barbara for forty years, was surgeon in
the United States army, and died in Maryland;
Marcey, who came to California in 1849, was a
successful business man and died in Santa Cruz;
John, who came west in 1855, resides at the old
homestead in Santa Cruz; and Georgiana C. is
Mrs. Judge Holliday, of San Francisco.

Judge Robert B. Ord was reared at Sault Ste.
Marie and educated in a Maryland college. In
1849 he came to California via Panama, the
steamer Oregon bringing him from the isthmus
to San Francisco. The following years were
notable for remarkable undertakings in' the
stock raising . business, operations being con-
ducted upon the old Glen ranch which he pur-
chased near Chico, Colusa county, and which
contained over three thousand acres. For a long
time he was a general stockman, but finnlly

made a specialty of sheep and hog raising. Dur-
ing the drought of 1864 he suffered the fate of
all similarly engaged and lost heavily, but con-
tinued to raise stock until 1866, when ill-healtl;
decided him to institute a change. He then lo-
cated in Santa Barbara and bought the f)resent
family property, two blocks of land in almost
the heart of the city, lying between De la Vina
and Castillo and Canon Perdido and De la
Guerra streets. At times he also owned other
town property as well as ranch property near
the city, and was active in real estate transac-
tions. A Democrat in politics, he held several
important offices, and was known as Judge Ord.
by reason of holding the offices of police judge
and justice of the peace. Fraternallv he vyas as-
sociated with the Knights of Pythias and the
Masons. His death occurred October 20. 1889.
August 24, 1859, Judge Ord married Eliza
Good, a native of England, and a graduate of
Hanover College, Peckham. Her father, John
Good, was born near Peckham, and was a de-
signer and manufacturer of wall paper. He
brought his family to America in 1849 and lived
in Chicago until 1853, when he crossed the
plains and settled at McCallamy Hill, Cal.,
where he engaged in the mercantile business at
the mines until his death in 1856. His wife,
formerly Jane Radon, was born in Ireland, and
died in San Francisco, and was the mother of
five daughters, three of whom are now living.
Mrs. Ord followed the fortunes of her parents
until her marriage, at the age of sixteen years,
and vividly recalls the journey across the plains
in 1853 with horse teams. Since her husband's
death she has continued to reside at the family
home, and to look after her property interests,
which is no small undertaking, as she is the
owner of three residences here besides other
property. Mrs. Ord is the mother of eight chil-
dren, viz.: James A., who is in Mexico, mining;
Robin Captivilla, also of Mexico; Emmett S.,
who is a hardware merchant in Bisbee, Ariz.;
Mrs. Eliza Georgiana Alcars, of Mexico City;
Mrs. Althea Watson, of Monterey, Mexico; Ed-
ward, who died one month after his father at the
age of seventeen years; Mabel, who is living at
home; and Walter, who is in Bisbee, Ariz.

GEN. O. H. Lagrange. The governor of
the Pacific Branch National Home for Disabled
Volunteer Soldiers traces his genealog}' to Pere-
grine de LaGrange a Huguenot, who settled in
Holland. In Motley's Rise of the Dutch Re-
public mention is made of this heroic man, who.
after having borne an honorable part in the siege
of Valencia, fell into the hands of the enemy and
was by them offered freedom and many honors
provided he would enlist under their banner.
With the courage of a martyr he refused the
terms and suffered an ignominious death rather
than accede to dcmnnds that were in his eves

25 i

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

dishonorable. It was a grandson of this hero
who founded the familv in America.

M. B., son of Christian LaGrange, was born
in Albany countv, N. Y., and married Jane A.
CuUen, daughter of Hugh and Polly (Ten Eyck)
Cullen, members of old families of New York.
For a time the home of the family was in Fulton,
Oswego county, N. Y., and it was there that a
son, 6. H., was born. In 1845 they removed to
Wisconsin and settled on a farm near Ripon.
During the Civil war the father served in the
quartermaster's department. His death occurred
in Oakland, Cal., in 1876, and his wife also died
in this western state. They were the parents of
four sons and two daughters, of whom O. H. was
the firstborn. One of the sons, Wallace, served
as captain in the First Wisconsin Cavalry and
received his death wound at Dandridge, Tenn.

When the first call was made for volunteers m
the Union service O. H. LaGrange was ready
and eager to respond, and April 19, 1861, his
name was enrolled in Company B, Fourth Wis-
consin Infantry. On the organization of the com-
pany he was unanimously elected its captain, and
in that capacity. May 9, responded with an ap-
propriate address on the occasion of the presen-
tation of a flag from the ladies of the city to the
Ripon Rifles. "Going to the front, he at once won
recognition through his meritorious service and
received promotion successively to major, lieu-
tenant-colonel and colonel of the First Wisconsin
Cavalry. May 13. 1862, a battalion of this cav-
alry arrived at Four-Mile, near Chalk Blufif, Ark.
Parties of guerrillas had been driven out of
southeast Missouri and were in bivouack on the
Arkansas side of St. Francis river, two miles below
the ferry. Before daylight May 14, Major La-
Grange, with a squad of scouts, appeared at the
ferry and called to the ferryman to bring the boat
and take them over. The Confederate replied
by a harmless volley and the battalion was soon
in line behind the scouts covered by timber. A
private of Company C swam the river and brought
the ferryboat over. This would only carry twen-
tv-five men, and that number, with Major La-
('^range and Sergeant-Major Holcomb.who swam
their horses, crossed at once. The Confederate
pickets retreated toward their camp and the
major, with the men who had crossed, started in
pursuit. About two miles from the ferry they
came up to a colored man with a fine black stal-
lion the guerrillas had brought from Missouri.
This horse Major LaGrange mounted. When
within two hundred yards of a cabin, the Union
soldiers were met by a volley from some felled
timber, behind which the Confederates were in
hiding. Warned by this, they themselves took
to the trees for cover and returned the fire. The
major on his black horse, in throwing himself
forvvard to escape a horizontal limb, looked into
the muzzle of a double-barreled shotgim held hv
a Confederate fortv feet awav. .\t once the majfT

fired at the man, who fell back, mortally wounded.
Leading his men, the major then spurred his horse
among the Confederates and emptied his revol-
vers, whereupon the enemy fled in confusion.
Thirteen of their dead were buried where they
fell. Later the guerrillas boasted that they had
killed the black horse and the officer who rode
among them and who, they said, escaped in that
fight by wearing a coat of mail. It happened,
however, that the man whom they killed and who
rode a colt sired by the black stallion, was Sur-
geon H. N. Gregory, who two weeks later rode
over the same ground with a party of L^nion
soldiers and met death at the guerrillas' hands.
October 23, 1863, Major LaGrange was as-
signed to command the Second Brigade, First
Cavalry Division, army of the Cumberland, and.
although a junior colonel, he retained command
until the close of the war, except while a prisoner
of war from May 9 until August 16, 1864, while
under fire at Oiarleston, with forty-nine others,
to stop bombardment, and specially exchanges
for Confederates similarly exposed to fire of
shore batteries. On being exchanged he declined
a proffered leave of absence, preferring to re-
main at the front so long as his country had any
need of his services. Often he was in great peril ;
five times the horse he rode was killed under him,
two of them by cannon shot. So meritorious was
his serv'ice and so gallant his stand in action that,
in 1864, he was complimented in general orders,
by direction of General Foster, and at other times
he was specially commended by McCook,
Mitchell, Stanley, Elliott, Sturgis, Rosecrans,
Thomas, Sherman and Wilson.

Under the administration of President Grant,
in 1869, General LaGringe was appointed super-
intendent of the United States mint at San Fran-
cisco, and this responsible position he held for
eight years. During his service the mint coined
$246,000,000 with less waste than ever known
before and at less cost ; and charges were reduced
one-half for melting and refining, coinage charge
of one-half of one per cent on gold abolished.
During his residence in California he held the
office of district attorney of Alameda county, and
it is worthy of note that he convicted on every
indictment found. In the election of 1868 he was
a presidential elector-at-large from California. In
1884 he returned to the east and from that time
made his home in New York City until 1899,
when he was appointed govenior of the Pacific
Branch of the National Home for Disabled Vol-
unteer Soldiers. From 1895 to 1898 he was fire
commissioner of New York City. In that capacity
he was instrumental in increasing the firemen's
pension fund $325,000 in one year out of insur-
ance and excise taxes, while he also bettered the
fire-alarm telegraph service and promoted disci-
pline among the firemen. Particularly worthy of
note is the fact that, although pensionable since
1862. he has never applied for a pension, nnfi

^/D'l^.m^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

25r

often remarks that he hopes to live to be the last
"iinpensioned volunteer."

STEPHEN RUTHERFORD. In his native
land of Scotland, where he was born May ii,
1848, Mr. Rutherford grew to maturity and ac-
quired a common-school education. He was a
son of William and Jessie (Balmer) Rutherford,
the former of whom died in Scotland, while the
latter is now making her home with her sons in
California. After immigrating to the United
States, Stephen Rutherford came direct to Santa
Barbara county, Cal., and for a year worked out
on a farm, after which he rented land. His
means were carefully saved in order that they
might be applied to the purchase of property
In 1873 h^ bought fifty acres of the Hill ranch,
to which purchase he later added another fifty,
and finally disposed of the whole at a reasonable
profit.

At present Mr. Rutherford owns one thousand
acres where he resides, adjoining Naples, and
si.xteen miles from Santa Barbara. The prop-
erty is well improved and is conducted accord-
ing to jiiodern methods of agriculture. Of late
the land has greatly increased in value owing to
the discovery of oil wells here, the immediate
cause of this discovery being the fact that oil
floated on the surface of the ocean off the coast.
Men are now at work in an endeavor to develop
the large supply, and Mr. Rutherford has bright
hopes of the results. His ranch is devoted to
barley, hay and corn, as well as general farming.
The crops are fed to his stock, of which he has
a large number of head. A walnut orchard of
si.xty acres, recently planted, is in fine condition
and bids fair to give large returns.

Twenty-seven years ago, at Santa Barbara,
Mr. Rutherford married Agnes Lawrie, a native
of Scotland. To Mr. and Mrs. Rutherford have
been born the following-named children: Wil-
liam L., who is married and lives on a ranch in
the neighborhood of the homestead; Agnes, Jes-
sie and Stephen, all at home; Alice, who is at-
tending the high school in Santa Barbara; and
George and Lawrie, who are attending the Na-
])les school. The sons are industrious and capa-
ble, and assist in the care and management of
the large rancli. In religion Mrs. Rutherford is
connected w-ith the Christadelphian Church.

When Mr. Rutherford came to California he
had little money and few friends. His prospects
were not encouraging. But he had willing
hands and a stout heart and w^as determined to
succeed. The first year after his arrival in Santa
Barbara county he slept under one of the large
live oak trees that now stand on his estate, and
which make it one of the most beautiful spots
on the coast. There he dreamed of days to come
when he would be the owner of a fine estate.
That was his ambition ; with nothing less would
he be content. The dreams of those early days

have been fulfilled, not through luck or chance,
but because he labored constantly to achieve the
desired result. One of the most helpful factors
in his success was his wife, who was always in
thorough sympathy with his ambition and who
proved herself a rare and valuable helpmate as
well as a most affectionate wife and mother.
What he earned she saved and added to, ?nd
thus it came about that in the course of time
the name of Rutherford in and about Naples
became a synonym for progress, morality and
prosperity, and his fine estate will be handed
down unincumbered to his posterity. Such men
are the very bulwark of a state and on them
rests with safety the welfare of a nation.

FRANK LINDENFELD. At the hands of
J\Ir. Lindenfeld the subject of paving is well
understood, he having devoted much time and
thought to perfecting this most necessary de-
partment of city improvement. In his native city
of Diburg, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, where he
was bom September 24, 1848, he was appren-
ticed when fourteen years old to the trade of
paving, and has since devoted a considerable por-
tion of his time to the application of his trade.
The family froin which he springs came origi-
nally from Austria, where the great-grandfather
was born, and where he added luster to the name
of Lindenfeld by distinguished service as a com-
manding officer in the Austrian army. He after-
wards removed to Hesse-Darmstadt, and there
Adam Lindenfeld, the father of Frank, was born,
as was also the mother, Maggie (Otto) Linden-
feld. The father was a farmer, and was head
forester to the king of Hesse-Darmstadt. Of the
seven children born to Adam and Maggie Linden-
feld three sons immigrated to America, and of
these Nicholas, who located in Rochester, N. Y.,
was a physician, and after removing to Los
Angeles turned his attention to the study of law.
He subsequently became a prominent member of
the Los Angeles bar, and practiced up to the
time of his death in 1900. Another son, Andrew,
is living in Los Angeles, and is in the employ of
the city park coinpany.

After completing his trade of paving, Frank
Lindenfeld traveled extensively throughout Eu-
rope, especially in different provinces in Germany
and Switzerland, and in the fall of 1868 came to
America, via Antwerp and Liverpool. He located
in Rochester, N. Y.. and started his career as a
paver, later residing in Buffalo, and still later
removing to Cleveland, Ohio, where he lived un-
til his removal to San Diego, Cal., in 1874. In
California he became interested in the brewing
business, and after learning all that he could per-
taining thereto, he located in Los Angeles, and
as there was no paving to be done, engaged in the
brewery industry. For five years he was head
brewer and manager for the Philadelphia brew-
ery, and was afterwards head brewer for the New

258

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

York brewery for the same length of time. In
1888 he resigned and retired permanently from
the brewery occupation, and since devoted his
time exclusively to his trade, and to contracting
for stone and cement work. Several years ago he
was one of the organizers of the Los Angeles
Brewing Company, was elected a director and the
first secretary of the company, and helped build
up the plant.' He resigned his positions one year
later, and sold out his interest in 1900. Mr. Lin-
denfeld is interested in the growth of his town,
and as a Democrat has been active, serving on
various city and county committees, and as a
member of the state Democratic committee. He
is fraternally associated with the American For-
esters, the Independent Order of Foresters, and
the Turn Verein Society. He is a member of the
Los Angeles Association of Cement Contractors.
Mrs. Lindenfeld was fonnerly Mary Beyer, a
native of Pennsylvania, and was reared in Cleve-
land, N. Y. She is the mother of seven children,
viz. : Hattie, who is now Mrs. Moran, of San
Francisco ; Annie, who is Mrs. Black, of Los
Angeles ; Lena, who is a resident of Los Angeles ;
Nicholas ; Frank A. ; Rose, a graduate of the
high-school and Los Angeles Business College,
and who is a stenographer and notarj- public, of
Los Angeles; and Elizabeth, who is at home.

THOMAS LLOYD. The Lloyd family was
founded in the United States by James Lloyd, a
cotton manufacturer in England, who in 1827
brought his wife and children to America and
settled in Wheeling, W. Va. At first he was
employed as superintendent of a cotton mill there.
In 1830 he purchased land in what is now Noble
county, Ohio, and two years later he settled upon
and began the improvement of his farm, while at
the same time he was proprietor of a country inn
on the Marietta state road. His son, Charles, a
native of Cheshire, England, born in 181 1, was
sixteen years of age when the family settled in
America, and during almost all of his active life
he was a business man at Harriettsville, Noble
county, Ohio. A natural mechanic, in early life
he became a skilled blacksmith, and later invent-
ed and patented a number of ingenious devices.
After twenty-one years as a blacksmith and ma-
chinist, he turned his attention to merchandising,
which occupation he followed until his retirement
from business. Fraternally he was connected
witH the Masons and Odd Fellows, and in religion
was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
In 1837 he married Sarah Booth, who died at
Harriettsville in 1885. Somewhat later he came
to California, where his last days were spent. His
death occurred in August, 1890, at the home of
his son, Thomas, in Los .'\ngeles. Of his eight
children, four sons and a daughter are living.
One son, John, served in the Thirty-sixth Ohio
Infantry during the Civil war, and is now a con-
tractor in Ohio. Edward A. and Thomas reside

in Los Angeles, Cal. ; James F. M. lives in Mis-
souri, and Lydia A. (Mrs. Thorburn) resides at
Waterville, Minn. The maternal grandfather,
John Booth, was born, reared and married in
England, from which country he brought his
family to America and settled on a farm in Bel-
mont county, Ohio.

The next to the oldest in the family of Charles
and Sarah Lloyd was Thomas Lloyd of Los
Angeles. He was born in Monroe county, Ohio,
March 18, 1845, and was reared in Harriettsville.
where he had public school advantages. Under
his father he acquired an early knowledge of the
mercantile business and was working in the store
when the Civil war began. At once he tendered
his services, but was rejected on account of his
short stature and extreme youth. However, with
sympathies fired for the Union, he determined to
help the cause of the north in some way, and so
he went with the recruiting officers, beating the
tenor drum. Expecting to be admitted to the
service as a drummer, he went to a sawmill near
by to have a board sawed out for the purpose of
having a drum made to order. Unfortunately,
while at the mill he met with an accident that
caused the loss of his right arm. His first thought
was not of the affliction that had befallen him, but
there was borne down on him the consciousness
that now he could never go to war. From that
time until 1869 he had charge of the store. In
the fall of the latter year he was elected recorder
of Noble county and in January, 1870, he as-
sumed the duties of the office. Three j-ears later
he was re-elected, and continued in the position
until January, 1877. His next venture was as a
farmer near Caldwell, Noble county, but soon he
sold the farm and turned his attention to the hotel
business, buying the Warner house at Caldwell
and changing its name to the Exchange hotel.
For three years he was proprietor of the hotel and
then, after an interval of two years, he came to
California, May 10, 1883, being the date of his
arrival in Los Angeles. Soon he purchased twen-
ty acres southwest of University, where he carried
on horticultural pursuits and a vineyard for three
years. Believing that the buying and selling of
real estate offered an excellent field for an enter-
prising man, he turned his attention to this busi-
ness, in which he has since engaged, and now has
his office on the corner of Thirty-eighth street
and Wesley avenue. At this location he owns
130x130 feet, on which site he has put up a block
of store buildings, and he has also erected a num-
ber of residences. In addition to real estate, he
is agent for insurance and loans. His interest in
politics has continued from youth. Frequently
he has been a delegate to state, congressional,
judicial and county conventions of the Republi-
can party, and at one time served as a member
of the county committee. In Vincent Methodist
Episcopal Church he is officiating as chairman of
the board of trustees.

ilISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

259

In Caldwell, Ohio, Mr. Lloyd married Miss
Bethiah J. Frazier, who was born in Sarahsville,
that state, and received her education principally
in Caldwell Normal School. Her father, Hon.
W. H. Frazier, is one of the most distinguished
men of his part of Ohio. The Fraser (as the
name was originally spelled) family came from
Scotland and were Jacobites and ardent support-
ers of Prince Charlie. It was Flora Fraser (after-
ward Lady Macdonald) who hid the "Bonnie
Prince" in a cave at the time of the battle of
Colloden. Persecution came upon the family,
and both the Macdonalds and the Frasers sought
an asylum in America, settling on the eastern
shore of Maryland, where the family name was
Americanized to Frazier.

From his native county of Kent, in Maryland,
George Frazier accompanied his parents to Ohio
in 1802. He married Bethiah Randall, a native
of Washington county. Pa., and they reared eight
children, of whom William H. was the fourth
son. A man of ability and force of character,
George Frazier stood high among his fellow-citi-
zens, and for many years acted as magistrate in
Trumbull county, Ohio. His death occurred in
Guernsey county, that state, in 1852. Born in
Hubbard, Trumbull county, William H. Frazier
accompanied his parents to Guernsey county, and
received his education in Madison College at
Antrim, Guernsey county. At Coshocton, May
17, 1852, he was admitted to the bar, and at once
began to practice at Sarahsville, Noble county.
In 1858 he removed to Caldwell, which had been
made the county-seat that same year. From 1855
to 1865 he served as prosecuting attorney. Three
times he was elected judge of the court of com-
mon pleas in the eighth judicial district, the last
two times being elected without opposition in a
doubtful district. His service extended from Oc-
tober, 1871, until September 8, 1884. The fol-
lowing month he was elected judge of the circuit
court for the seventh circuit and, by allotment,
his term became four years. Twice he was re-
elected, each time for six years, continuing to fill
the responsible position in a most able manner
until February, 1901, when, at the expiration of
his third term, he refused a further nomination.
No citizen of Noble county has been more prom-
inent or public-spirited than he. Alike at the bar
and on the bench, his service has been such as to
win the respect and commendation of all. Im-
partiality characterized his decisions and justice
was the kevnote of all of his rulings. Former
residents of Noble county are now to be found
scattered through various parts of the United
States, and an inquiry of any one of them con-
cerning Judge Frazier always'calls forth a tribute
of admiration for his mental attributes and the
high character of his citizenship. With others,
he founded the first bank in the countv, and of
this institution, the Noble County National Bank.
he was the first and has been the only president.

As vice-president and a director, he was inti-
mately identified with the building of the Cleve-
land & Marietta Railroad (now a part of the
Pennsylvania system).

November 30, 1854, Judge Frazier married
Miss Minerva E. Staats, who was born in Noble
county in 1838 and died there in 1898. Her
father, Elijah, was a pioneer farmer of the
county, and one of her half-brothers, Lewis
Baker, was United States minister to Nicaragua
and Costa Rica. In the family of Judge and Mrs.
Frazier there were eight children, five of whom
are living.namely: Bethiah J., Mrs. Lloyd; Anna
E., Mrs. Daniel Neuhart, of Los Angeles; Mary
E., Mrs. Schwartz, whose husband is a mission-
ary in Japan; Lewis B., a lawyer at Caldwell,
Ohio; and Minerva M., who is vvith her father at
the old home. Three children comprised the fam-
ily of jVlr. and Mrs. Lloyd. Charles Edgar, who
was educated in the University of Southern Cali-
fornia, died April 26, 1894, at' the age of twenty-
one years. William Frazier, who also received his
education at the University, of Southern Califor-
nia, and who married Miss Petrea Doyle; of Los
A'n'^ieles, served in Company C, SeventK'Califor-
rtia''Iiiifantry, during the Spanish-Ameridan war,
atitl'is-now vice-president and manager of the
SoutftU'est Printers' Supply House at No. in
Skith Broadway, Los Angeles. The only daugh-
tW.J'JJfatel, is a student of voice culture in the
UMiivsir^ity of Southern California.

''"iph^re is much in the life of Mr. Lloyd to in-
s|iiir*dand encourage the young. When a young
raali.iihe started out for himself, hampered by an
a<fti4tion that might have discouraged one less
determined ; yet with unfaltering courage and
coViStant zeal, he worked his way steadily for-
ward until he has attained a post of honor and
influence in the esteem of his fellow-citizens. His
character naturally strong and forceful, has been
deepened and strengthened by adversity, while
prosperitv has not lessened his kindliness of heart
and s-enerosity of spirit. With his wife, he holds
a high place in the regard of associates and
friends, and is accounted worthy of rank among
those progressive and honorable men who have
laid the foundation of the prosperity and commer-
cial growth of Los Angeles.

LAZARD KAHN Justice of the Pea'-e for
fourteen years, at present a general merchant
and one of the chief promoters of the town of
I OS Al-imos. was bnn in Phalsbour?. Lornine,
France, in i8!;o. Until his piHneenth vc^r he
lived in his native land, where he received a com-
mon-school and college education, immigrating to
the United States in 1868. He at once came to
California and settled in Santa Barbara, where
for four years he was a clerk, gradually working
his way up in the world until he was able to
engage in business for himself. In 1880 he came
to Los Alamos and started a jobbing house in

260

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

liquor, and in 1896 established a general mer-
chandise business which has been conducted on
successful lines. A large trade has rewarded his
efforts, and his upright business methods have
placed him among the commercial forces of the
county.

Aside from his general business interests Mr.
Kahn owns large ranch properties. In politics
he is a Democrat, but aside from his position of
justice of the peace has devoted little time to
official office. However, he is a stanch upholder
of educational matters, and has done much to
promote the interests along that line. At the
Arroyo Hondo, in Santa Barbara county, in 1875,
jNIr. kahn married Josephine Ortega, a daughter
of Pedro Ortega, a native of Santa Barbara
county and a descendant of an old Spanish fam-
ily that were among the pioneers of California,
and of this union there are four children: Ed-
mond, Samuel, Mattie and Anna.

WILLIAM H. KOOPMAN. Since the fall
of iSSiMr.Koopmap has made Los Angeles his
home ar^<^ business headquarters. He was born
in the cifi^fOf Hanover, Germany, May iS,.tJ§$g..
a son o^jHenry and Caroline (S'lifer) Kooippi^Jh
natives of Hanover, and lifelong residentsgcpffifee
Gennan empire. His paternal grandfathftno^
Hanoverian, was for some years a soldier iOrjtte;
German army and remained at the front;^ri}ig
the Napoleonic campaigns. The parental -^ftMl:^
comprised four sons and one daughter, of \Mlltim
all are living except one son. Albert is a biri<:Jjs
mason in St. Louis and John a carpenter in.rloe*
Angeles. The oldest son, William H., spentfffte
first eleven years of his life in Hanover, but]^J»
1874 came to America, joining an uncle and atvnt
in St. Louis. Pie was the first of the family to
cross the ocean, his brothers not coming until
some years later. For some time he was a pupil
in the public schools in St. Louis, after which he
attended Concordia College. About 1879 he was
apprenticed to the carpenter's trade in St. Louis,
and during the two ensuing years he devoted him-
self closely to acquiring a thorough knowledge
of the occupation. When his boss came to Los
Angeles he accompanied him thither, in order to
complete his trade, and after starting out inde-
pendently he acted as foreman of jobs.

Taking up independent contracts in 1896, Mr.
Koopm-^nhas since had charge of the erectionof
theCoughran building at Long Beach, the Bacon
block on Broadway in Los Angeles, four busi-
ness houses on Temple street, and numerous resi-
dences in all parts of this city, including his own
house at No. 1406 Union street. More than once
his services have been called into requisition in
adjoining cities, where his work uniformly gives
satisfaction by reason of his accuracy, prompt-
ness and painstaking care. He was one of the
organizers of the Master Builders' Association,
to which he has since belonged, and he is also

identified with the Builders' Exchange. In na-
tional politics he is a Republican, while in re-
ligion he adheres to the faith of his forefathers
and holds membership in the Lutheran Church.
After coming to Los Angeles he married Miss
Louisa Linzenberd, who was born near Jefferson
City, Mo. Their family consists of three chil-
dren : Edgar, Alfred and Elsa.

M. ELLA WHIPPLE MARSH, B. S., U. D.
Since her earliest recollections Dr. Whipple
Marsh has been associated with the Pacific
coast states, but the family of whicli she is a
member is of eastern colonial stock. Her grand-
father was a native of Rhode Island and became
a farmer in Chautauqua county, N. Y., where
her fatlier, Hon. Samuel R. Whipple was born
and reared. In turn, the latter identified himself
with regions further west, settling near Bata-
via, Kane county. 111., where his oldest cliild,
M. Ella, was born. During her infancv the fam-
ily started across the plains, with ox-teams, and
after traveling from April to October arrived
jji Oregon. Their choice of a location came by
fihance. When he started Mr. Whipple was un-
idecided as to Vi'hether to settle in California or
Oregon. Finally he came to the dividing of the
roads, with the question still unsettled, so he
let the fall of a stake decide the matter, and in
that way became a resident of Oregon. Taking
up a donation land claim of six hundred and
forty acres on the Columbia river, he became
interested in farming and cattle-raising. In
1861 he removed to Vancouver, Wash., still,
liowever, taking charge of his cattle and farms,
but giving more attention than before to public
affairs and serving with ability in the territorial
legislature of Washington, to which he was
elected on the Republican ticket. In religion he
was connected with the Methodist Episcopal
Church. His wife, Charlotte, was born in
Orange, N. J. When thirteen years of age she
began to teach school in New Jersey, later fol-
lowing the same occupation in Westfield Acad-
emy in Western New York, and finally taking
a school in Batavia, 111., where she met and mar-
ried Mr. Whipple, her wedding being solem-
nized in the home of Lieutenant-Governor Bross
of Illinois. A woman of splendid education (al-
most wholly attained by self-culture), she was
considered one of the most successful teachers
of her locality, and won the friendship of the
most cultured people in every town where she
lived. All through her mature life she was a
faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. Her death occurred in Vancouver,
Wash., when she was almost sixty-two years of
age. Three children survive her, namely: M.
Ella, of Pasadena; Mrs. C. E. Brown, of Los
Angeles; and George A., an extensive farmer
in Washington.

After having graduated from ^'ancouvcr

/?.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Seminary in 1870 M. Ella Whipple entered
Willamette University, from which she holds the
degree of B. S. Afterward she taught school in
Oregon and Washington, being for a time prin-
cipal of the Lower Astoria schools. From
childhood it had been her ambition to study
medicine, and when the way was open, she took
up the work under Mrs. Dr. Ford Warren, of
Portland, Ore. In 1881 she entered the medi-
cal department of Willamette University, from
which she was graduated in 1884. To further
fit herself for professional work, she took a
hospital course in the Battle Creek Sanitarium
and also a special training course in the Univer-
sity of Michigan. Returning to Washington
she was for one term superintendent of the
schools of Clarke county and at the same time
practiced medicine in Vancouver. For one
term she held the position of city health officer
of Vancouver, and twice she was a member of
the Territorial Republican convention. Coming
to California in December, 1887, she spent two
months in Long Beach, and in February, 1888,
opened an office at Pasadena, where she has
since conducted a general practice. In this
city, April 18, 1892, she became the wife of
Rev. J. N. Marsh, a retired minister of the
Methodist Episcopal Church and a resident of
Pasadena since 1887. Her office and residence
is now at No. 314 Arcadia street, Pasadena.

The personal characteristics of Dr. Whipple
Marsh are as marked as her professional aspira-
tions and acquirements. Possessing a broad
mind, wide scope of knowledge and liberal
views, she gives her influence to all the for-
ward movements of the day. Both in Washing-
ton and California she has maintained an inter-
est in suflrage work, being a believer in the
justice of a ballot that knows no distinction
of sex. A constantly broadening knowledge
of the evil wrought by intoxicants has made of
her a stanch prohibitionist. Ten times she has
been elected secretary of the local Women's
Christian Temperance Union, which position
she now holds, and she also acts as state super-
intendent of franchise in California for the
Union. Another forward movement to which
she has given sympathy and aid is that con-
nected with the school savings bank, and, as
superintendent of the county work, she has
placed the system upon a substantial basis. The
Pasadena Medical Society numbers her among
its members. In religion she is identified with
the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has been
prominent both in church and Sunday-school
work. Not only in Pasadena, but formerly in
Oregon and Washington, she accomplished
much in behalf of her denomination, assisted
many struggling congregations in getting a
foothold, and served as a trustee and in other
offices of trust. While in Washington she or-
ganized the Clarke County Teachers' Institute,

which still holds annual meetings and is contin-
uing its good work in the interests of educa-
tors. It will thus be seen that, professionally,
educationally and religiously, she has been
prominent in the various places of her residence,
and has done much to foster the movements
that contribute to the well-being of mankind.

JOSEPH SEXTON. The Sexton family
traces its ancestry to England, but has been iden-
tified with American history for several gen-
erations. On the Harrison Pike, not far from
Ebenezer Church, and only nine miles from
Cincinnati, stood the family homestead, and
there for years Joseph Sexton, Sr., was success-
fully engaged in agricultural pursuits. In spite
of the fact that he had no advantages when a
boy, he rose to a position of prominence in his
community and was a leader in the Whig party.
He was twice married and by his first wife had
two children, Richard and Mary. The son suc-
ceeded to the possession of the old homestead,
which he cultivated for some years. However,
his tastes were rather toward business than agri-
culture, and he sought an opening more suited
to his inclinations than the continued cultiva-
tion of somewhat worn-out soil. In the near-by
village of Dent, on the Harrison Pike, he opened
a store, which he conducted in partnership with
W. H. Scudder.

In those days the drift of population was to-
ward the west, and especially toward California,
which had recently attracted world-wide atten-
tion by the discovery of its riches in gold. The
two partners began to consider the feasibility of
seeking their fortune in the remote regions of
the Pacific coast, and they finally decided to risk
their all in the new country. Accompanied by
their wives, they started for California m the
summer of 1852, going via the Nicaragua route,
and landing in San Francisco January 4, 1853,
after a very tedious voyage on the steamship
S. S. Lewis, an old and condemned propeller,
which sank on its next trip. In San Francisco,
Richard Sexton started a wood and coal yard,
continuing in the business about one year.
From there he moved to lone valley, forty miles
east of Sacramento, in Amador county, where
he had a fruit farm and a small nursery. Dur-
ing the dry season of 1864 he sold out and
moved to Petaluma, Sonoma county, near which
place he bought a ranch of eighty acres. On
that property was established the Petaluma
nursery, which was carried on for several years
by his oldest son, William. In February, 1868,
he moved from Sonoma county to Santa Bar-
bara, where, although ostensibly retired from
business, he yet maintained an active interest in
real estate investments and the supervision of
his various holdings. He bought one hundred
acres of the Hill ranch, paying $22 an acre for
the same, and soon afterward sold sixty acres of
the tract, receiving for the same as much as he

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

had paid for the entire property; later he sold
the balance. He continued to make his home in
Santa Barbara until his death, at the age of
sixty-si.x years. By his marriage to Ann Clay-
pool, who was born in New Jersey, and died in
California, previous to his demise, there were
born five children, namely: Elizabeth, who is
the widow of John Edwards; WiLiam, deceased;
Joseph, George and Lewis.

Joseph Sexton was born in Ohio, March 14,
1842. He was reared on a fruit ranch. In No-
vember, 1867, he moved to Santa Barbara, and
started the Santa Barbara nursery. It was a
wet winter and he was compelled to start in
town. He bought property, corner Montecito
and Castilleo streets, and planted his nursery on
same block where the electric power house was
buih in 1901. When he started, Santa Barabara
was in its infancy; but few Americans were
there. He succeeded in securing enough lum-
ber to build a small cabin, 12x16 feet; there
were but two windows in town for sale, and no
shingles or shakes; had to cover with boards.
From the first he met with a success that was
encouraging. The winter of 1868-69 he trans-
ferred his nursery to his home ranch at Goleta,
Santa Barbara county.

i 00 much praise cannot be given Mr. Sexton
for importing and introducing a great many of
the finest specimen plants that decorate the
city of Santa Barbara to-day. At the home
place at Goleta he now owns sixty-five acres of
land devoted to the nursery business and to the
raising of pampas plumes. Of the latter in-
dustry he is the pioneer in California, having
made' the first shipment to San Francisco and
to Peter Henderson of New York City. Since
then the business has grown until it has reached
splendid proportions and has become not only
profitable to himself but of inestimable benefit
to the county of Santa Barbara, for he buys up
most of the crops raised by others in his neigh-
borhood. One-half million or more of the
plumes he ships annually, his principal markets
being London, Hamburg and Berlin.

In another industry beside the raising of
pampas plumes, Mr. Sexton has been a pioneer
and has made a noteworthy contribution to the
development of California's resources. To him
belongs the distinction of having introduced soft
shell walnuts in Southern California. In 1867
he shipped one hundred and twenty pounds of
the nuts from San Francisco to Santa Barbara
county. These were mixed nuts that had been
imported from Chile in South America. He
planted them in his nursery and sold about seven
hundred and fifty trees. The balance, about two
hundred and fifty trees, he planted in an orchard
of his own. Of these, sixty came in as soft or
paper shell nuts, and he cultivated them with
the greatest care, finally crossing between the
hard and soft shell walnuts and securing what

is now known as the soft shell walnut of com-
merce. As the raising of these nuts has grown
to be one of the most important industries of
Southern California, too great praise cannot be
given to Mr. Sexton for his pioneer work in the
developing of the nut.

The home of Mr. Sexton in Goleta is a com-
modious residence containing modern improve-
ments and furnished in a manner indicative of
the refined taste of the family. In addition to
his homestead, he owns a ranch of four thou-
sand acres in Ventura county. On that tract
he has a large herd of stock and also raises
grain and beans. The supervision of his various
interests leaves him little time for identification
with local afifairs, hence he has never been a
politician or an active worker in his party (the
Republican), but he can be relied upon to sup-
port its principles with his vote and influence,
and he has always been a contributor to meas-
ures for the benefit of the people educationally,
morally and commercially.

In 1894 he retired from the nursery and left
it in charge of his oldest son, Charles, and he
spent the most of his time on his ranch at Ven-
tura, trying to develop water enough for his
stock. Not succeeding in that, he had to look
for water from some other source. The in-
habitants of all of that section lying between
Ventura and Saticoy, and along the telegraph
road, had to haul their water in tanks for
domestic use and their stock. Mr. Sexton was
the principal promoter in establishing the Sati-
coy Water Company, that took the tank of? the
wagon, and they now water miles of public road
and have been a great benefit to that section of
the county.

His marriage took place at Goleta, Santa
Barbara county, November 18, 1869, and united
him with Miss Lucy A. Foster, daughter of I.
G. Foster. They became the parents of twelve
children, seven boys and five girls. The eldest
son, Charles, was killed by a dynamite explosion
while putting in boiler flues at Carpinteria when
he was twenty-eight years of age. He was a
young man of promise and possessed excellent
business and social traits of character.

BENJAMIN M. PAGE. M. D. Remotely
of English extraction. Dr. Page of Pasadena is
a member of one of the colonial families of Con-
necticut. His paternal grandfather, Isaac, son
of John Page, was born at Northford, Conn.,
and grew to manhood upon a farm. Through-
out active life the occupation of agriculture w-as
his principal calling, but he also engaged in the
building business, and had charge of the erec-
tion of many residences and a number of mills
while living in Ohio. In 1827 he removed to
Ohio and bought land near Cleveland, where
he devoted the balance of his life to the develop-
ment of a valuable farm. At the time the family

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

265

settled in Ohio, Rev. Benjamin St. John Page
was a boy of twelve, his birth having occurred
near New Haven, Conn., in 1815. On com-
pleting the studies of local schools he entered
Western Reserve College, from which he was
graduated in due time. Immediately afterward
he became a theological student in Yale Col-
lege, and on the conclusion of the required
course was ordained to the ministry of the
Presbyterian Church, which he served in vari-
ous pastorates in Ohio. During a portion of
his active career he preached in the Congrega-
tional denommation, but, returning to his
former connection, remained in Presbyterian
pastorates in Ohio and Connecticut until his
death, which occurred in 1868 in Warren, Ohio.
The marriage of Rev. Benjamin St. John
Page united him with Miss Emily Benjamin
Maltby, who was born in the West Indies and
grew to womanhood in Northford, Conn. Her
father, Samuel Maltby, a native of Northford,
went from New Haven to the West Indies in
the merchant-marine service, and afterward be-
came a manufacturer ui Northford, remaining
there until his retirement from business. His
wife was a member of the DeWitt family, of
New York. His father, Benjamin Maltby, was
born in Connecticut, where he engaged in
farming and the milling business. Like the
Pages, the Maltby family descends from Eng-
lish ancestry. i\Irs. Emily Page is still living
and makes her home with her only child, Ben-
jamin M., in Pasadena.

In the suburbs of Cleveland, Ohio, Benjamin
M. Page was born, July 18, 1843. Reared there
and in Connecticut, his education was received
principally in Russell's Collegiate Institute m
New Haven. In the fulfillment of an ambition
he had cherished from boyhood, in 1861 he
took up the study of medicine, entering the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in New
York City and taking the regular course of
lectures in that institution, from which he was
graduated in 1864. The two ensuing years
were devoted to practical work in Kings
County Hospital, after which he opened an of-
fice in Cleveland, Ohio, and entered upon
private practice. Owing to ill health, however,
in the spring of 1873 he was obliged to relin-
quish his professional cares, and seek a climate
more favorable. With that object in view he
came to California and for one year remained
at Santiago Canon, where the constant outdoor
exercise and healthful climate proved so bene-
ficial that he deemed it safe to return to Cleve-
land. Unfortunately, a return to practice
caused an immediate loss of health, and since
then he has been unable to engage in profes-
sional work. For some years he made his home
at North Haven, Conn., from which point in
1887 he came to Pasadena, his present home.
Though he has not practiced medicine since

coming here, his interest in the profession has
not ceased, and he is a member of the Pasa-
dena Medical Society, as well as an interested
student of all advances made in the science. He
is a charter member of the Twilight Club, and
in religion affiliates with the Congregational
Church, in which at one time he was a trustee.
His marriage was solemnized in North Haven,
Conn., and united him with Cornelia Blakeslee,
a native of New Haven. Their only child, Ben-
jamin Edwin, is a graduate of Leland Stanford
University, .class of 1899, also of the law de-
partment of Columbia University, New York,
class of 1902. Mrs. Page is a daughter of
George E. and Elizabeth (Atwater) Blakeslee,
natives of North Haven and New Haven,
Conn., respectively.

F. U. NOFZIGER. Because of the extent
of Its operations, the admirable methods em-
ployed in its various departments, and the high
character of the men directing its affairs, the
lumbering enterprise of Nofziger Brothers
ranks among the solid commercial agencies of
Los Angeles. F. U. Nofziger, the president
and manager of the company, and one of the
most experienced lumbermen in the west, was
born near Keota, Washington county, Iowa,
August 2, 1868, a son of J. P. Nofziger, and
grandson of Christian Nofziger. The grand-
father. Christian, was born in Alsace, Germany,
and came to the United States with his father'
another Christian, when twelve years of age.
In the Fatherland the ancestors had, with few
exceptions, been tillers of the soil, and the
younger Christian was reared to an appreciation
of this means of livelihood, to which he devoted
himself in part after locating in Wayne county,
Ohio. Nevertheless, he was a religious en-
thusiast, and his fervor found vent in the minis-
try of the Amish Church, to which he owed al-
legiance for many years. In later life he settled
near Sturgis, on the Fawn river, where his
death occurred.

J. P. Nofziger was born and reared in Wayne
county, Ohio. In addition to becoming a
farmer, he also studied for the ministry, and in
his effort to alleviate the sorrows of humanity,
preached from the platform of the German
Baptist Church. At the beginning of the Civil
war he removed to Iowa and settled in Wash-
ington county, and in 1878 homesteaded a
claim near Orleans, m Flarlan county. Neb. In
1900 he came to California, and his declining
years are now being spent in the midst of his
horticultural interests at Lakeside. He mar-
ried Amelia C. Correll, a native of Wayne
county, Ohio, a daughter of Daniel Correll, who
was born in Pennsylvania. Mr. Correll comes
of a very old family which was represented in
the state of William Penn long before the

2^0

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Revolutionary war, and he himself was one of
the pioneers of Wayne county, where his days
were spent in farming. Five children were
born to Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Nofziger, and of
these, D. I. is the partner of F. U. Nofziger;
Minnie is the wife of Mr. Cline, of Philadelphia;
B. O. is a resident of Hitchcock county, Neb.;
and Galen is living at nome.

Until 1879 F. U. Nofziger was reared in
Iowa, at which time he accompanied the family
to Nebraska and supplemented his previous
education in the public schools by further train-
ing at Franklin (Neb.) Academy. His higher
education was gained solely through his own
efforts, for at the age of seventeen he began
to teach school and with the profits resulting
therefrom was enabled to enter the college at
Mount Morris, Ogle county, 111., after which
he took a two years' course at McPherson Col-
lege in Kansas. At the latter institution he
met his expenses by engaging as a tutor in
mathematics, but left the college in the senior
year in order to devote all of his time to teach-
ing. In July of 1 89 1 he came west and located
at Lordsbui-g, in Southern California, where
he taught for a year. In the spring of 1892, in
partnership with his brother, D. I., he bought,
and successfully managed a lumber yard for
eleven months. Upon the disposal of this in-
terest in 1893, Mr. Nofziger bought a ranch at
Lemon, Los Angeles county, and in addition
to ranching, engaged in teaching and also
represented the Newport Wharf & Lumber
Company. In March of 1894 he removed to
Pasadena and started the yard for the Willam-
ette Lumber Company, and after perfecting
its plans managed the concern until January of
1895. He then became identified as manager
with the Newport Wharf & Lumber Company
■At Redlands, and in 1900 bought out the West-
ern Lumber Company on the corner of Ninth
and Pedro streets, Los Angeles. At the same
time he organized the Nofziger Brothers Lum-
ber Company, of which he is president, and his
brother, D. I., secretary and treasurer. Eigh-
teen months later the brothers increased their
responsibility by the purchase of the Newport
Company yards at Redlands, Riverside, Corona,
Hemet, and Santa Ana, and of these the River-
side, Redlands and Corona yards are still con-
tinued, with an additional agency at San
Bernardino. In 1901 the headquarters of the
company were established at the corner of
Eighth and Main streets, where is conducted the
retail yard, and a wholesale yard has been
started at Sixth and Palmetto streets, on the
Santa Fe tracks. D. I. Nofziger shares with
his brother vast credit for the upbuilding of
their business, he having gained his principal
experience while manager (from 1897 until
1900) of the North Ontario Lumber Company,
at North Ontario, also with the Newport Lum-

ber Company and as assistant manager at Pasa-
dena for two years.

In Juniata, Neb., Mr. Nofziger married Mag-
gie Yoder, a native of Washington county,
Iowa. Her father, Stephen Yoder, who is now
living in Los Angeles, comes from an old
Pennsylvania family, and is a minister in the
German Baptist Church. He was a farmer on
a large scale in Washington county, Iowa, and
in 1880 removed to Shelby county, of the same
state, where he continued agricultural enter-
prises. Mrs. Nofziger was educated at Mount
Morris College, and at McPherson, Kans., and
like her husband has had extended educational
experience, having begun to teach when six-
teen years of age. Three children have been
born to Mr. and Mrs. Nofziger, J. C, Bennett
Ray, and Frances. Mr. Nofziger is a Repub-
lican in national politics, and in Redlands was a
member of the San Bernardino County Central
Committee. He is variously associated with
the social and business organizations of Los
Angeles and vicinity, and is a member of the
Chamber of Commerce, the Jonathan Club, and
the Hoo FIoo's. Fie is a man of large adapta-
bility to the public needs of his neighborhood,
and possesses to an unusual degree personal
attributes which not only win business success
but the confidence of all who know him.

JOHN B. PROCTER. In addition to serv-
ing in the capacity of city clerk of Santa Mo-
nica and ex-officio assessor for the past two
years, Mr. Procter is interested in real estate
and insurance, and represents the London As-
surance, Liverpool, London and Globe, and St.
Paul Companies. Of English birth and lineage,
he is a son of Rev. Gilbert and Mary (Gorton)
Procter, natives of Lancashire, where the for-
mer was a rector in the Church of England.
The paternal grandfather, William Procter, was
a large landed proprietor and a gentleman of
leisure, having no business cares except such
as were connected with the management of his
estate. The maternal grandfather, Richard
Gorton, was also a landed proprietor and a gen-
tleman of wealth.

Among seven children (four now living),
John B.. Procter was the third son and is the
only one in America. He was born in Lanca-
shire September 12, 1861, and received a liberal
education in Victoria University, Manchester.
Since early manhood he has made his home in
the United States, where he arrived April 19,
1883. For a time he engaged in farming at
Larchwood, Iowa, but in 1887 came to Califor-
nia and settled in Santa Monica, which has since
been his home. During the entire period of his
residence here he has been connected with the
insurance and real-estate business, in both of
which lines he has gained considerable promi-
nence. With the Englishman's inherent love

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

269

for the recreations that develop the physique
and also relieve the monotony of business, he
has found much pleasure in polo, and was one
of the originators of the game when it was
first started in California, also officiated as cap-
lain of the Southern California Polo Club dur-
ing its existence. Before leaving England he
married Miss Rosetta Alachell, who was born at
Newby Bridge, and whose father, Capt. Thomas
M. Alachell, was for years an officer in the Eng-
lish army. The two children of Mr. and Airs.
Procter are James Alachell, who is attending
school in England, and Gilbert.

The blue lodge of Alasons at Santa Monica
has Air. Procter as one of its members, and he
is also connected with the Foresters of America.
Reared in the faith of the Church of England,
he has always adhered to its doctrines, and is
now treasurer and a vestryman of the Santa
Monica Episcopal Church. Since becoming a
citizen of the United States he has given his
support to the Republican party.

JAMES R. WILLOUGHBY. That early
discouragements and the absence of capital or
influence are no bars to success is happily
illustrated in the life of James R. Willoughby,
owner and manager of one of the largest and
finest stock farms in Ventura county. A native
of Canterbury, Windham county, Conn., Air.
Willoughby was born October 22, 1831. The
family ancestry is traced to England, whence
three brothers emigrated in an early day and
settled in Connecticut. His father, William F.,
was born in Windham county and died there in
1849; while the mother, Phoebe, daughter of
James Carey, was likewise a lifelong resident
of Connecticut. The Carey ancestry is traced
to Anne Boleyn, who by her death paid the
penalty for the honor of being the wife of Henrv
VIII of England.

In the family of William F. and Phoebe Wil-
loughby there were twelve children, nine of
whom reached maturity. Two daughters live in
California, and Otis H., who was a California
pioneer of 1854, is now a resident of Watson-
ville. The oldest son, James R., was educated
in the public schools of Connecticut and re-
mained on the home farm until he undertook the
long voyage to the far west. January 20, 1853,
he engaged passage on the steamer Northern
Light, Captain Tinglepoe, from New York to
San Francisco via the Nicaragua route, but
later he boarded the steamer Independence,
Captain Sampson, for San Francisco. This boat
was doomed to a terrible fate, being both
wrecked and burned, and two hundred out of
four hundred and fifty passengers were drowned.
With others, Air. Willoughby was cast upon the
island of Alargareta. There were a number of
whalers in Alagdalena bay and they there found
a way out of their difficulties through the barque

Aleteor, which carried them safely to San Fran-
cisco. Without even a hat upon his head, but
none the worse physically for his accident, he
started out to face the problem of making his
living, and was soon rewarded by securing work
by the day at odd tasks, until such time as he
could find steady employment. He began to be
interested in buying and' selling cattle, hogs and
horses, and in time worked up a large wholesale
butchering business in San Francisco, where he
remained for twenty-nine years.

The first introduction of Air. Willoughby to
the lower coast regions was in 1865, when he
traveled south from San Francisco, purchasing
sheep and cattle. During this trip he was so
impressed with the advantages of Ventura
county that he soon after bought sixty-five hun-
dred acres of the old ex-mission and Saticoy
ranches. At one time he owned as much as
thirteen thousand acres of land, but he has dis-
posed of all this except his original purchase.
He is extensively engaged in raising rough-
tleeced black-faced sheep. Shorthorn cattle, and
a standard draft of horses. Alany fine records
have been shown by the horses raised on this
farm, among them being a record of 2:15 by
Richmond, Jr. Air. Willoughby also owned a
third interest in Old Richmond and raised the
mother of Waldo J. on his farm, together with
other fine horses. Besides his farm interests he
is active in the afifairs of his county and town-
ship, was elected county supervisor on the Re-
publican ticket, also served for one term as city
trustee and has been chairman of the county
central committee and a member of the state
central committee. Since the organization of
the People's Lumber Company, in which he
bore a part, he has been its treasurer and a di-
rector.

In San Francisco Air. Willoughby married
Alary E. Holloway, who was born in Tennessee
and died in 1881. Of this union there were the
following children: W. F., who is a farmer in
Ventura county; Abbie, who is the wife of Fred
R. Butcher, of Saticoy; G. D., a farmer in Ven-
tura county; Charles, who is farming with his
father; and James, who is engaged "in the in-
surance business in Salt Lake City. August 10,
1886, Air. Willoughby married Rena Roberts,
who was born in Alinnesota, a daughter of Wil-
liam and Alary (Fowler) Roberts, natives respec-
tively of Wales and England. The patemal
grandfather was born and died in Wales, and
married an English woman. The father immi-
grated to New York and then settled in Alan-
kato, Alinn., engaging in contracting and build-
ing there until 1896, when he came to \^entura
county. He served during the Indian wars in
Minnesota. His wife. Alary Fowler, was born in
England, a daughter of Henry Fowler, who
came to America and followed the dental pro-
fession at St. Anthony Falls, Alinn. To Mr.

370

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and Mrs. Roberts were born four children, three
of whom are in California, Mrs. Willoughby be-
ing the youngest. She was reared and educated
in Minnesota, and is a graduate of the Mankato
Normal School. Of her marriage two children
have been born, Rena Sessions and Otis Hunt-
ington Willoughby.

PORFIRIO PALOMARES. The Palo-
mares family of Los Angeles is descended from
Don Francisco de Palomares, governor of the
castle of St. Gregory at Oran, Spain. In his
family there were six children, namely: Es-
teban, who was lieutenant-colonel of the
Knights of the Order of Santiago; Don Juan,
who became governor of the castle after his
father's death; Don Antonio, who was a judge;
Don Jose; Eugenio, who lost his life as a result
of his attempts to overthrow the Catholic re-
ligion; and Dona Francisca, who married Don
Diego FVancisco, Knight of the Order of
Santiago and governor of the plaza of Oran.
The second of the sons, Captain Juan, is re-
membered in the history as the officer who led
his men in a determined but hopeless resistance
against the Turkish troops at Borcha. After
the majority of his troops had been slain, not
being able to defend himself and the castle, he
set fire to the powder house or depository, and
blew up the castle, beneath whose ruins the
dead bodies of himself and his men were later
found.

Tracing the history of the family down
toward the present, we find that Don Fran-
cisco de Palomares was a well-known citizen of
Toledo, Spain. A letter written to his sister and
dated Mexico, 1777, states that he was born
about 1 70 1 and died in Madrid in 1771. His
children were Don Francisco, who was clerk of
the city of Madrid and died in 1795; Donicio,
Maria Josefa and Juan Leocadio. The last-
named crossed the ocean from Spain to Mexico
and established a home in Sonora, where he
married Dona Maria Antonia Gonzales de
Zayas, sister of Father Elias, an influential
priest. Their only son, Juan Francisco, was
born in Sonora, and became the father of the
following children: Herman, Antonia, Juana,
Francisca, Procofio, Almara, Tranquilina, Fi-
burcio, Manuel, Ygnacio and Jesus. Among
the children of Manuel was Juan Leocadio, by
whose marriage to Maria Antonia Gonzales
was born an only child, Christopher. The latter
came to Los Angeles as a sergeant in the Mex-
ican army and afterward served as judge of Los
Angeles. His residence stood on the present
site of the .Arcade depot. By his marriage to
Beneditia Luisa he had the following children:
Concepcion, Barta, Rosario, Francisco. Ygna-
cio, Louis, Dolores, Maria Jesus and Josefa.
Of this family Ygnacio married Concepcion

Lopez, and their children were Louise, Teressa,
Tomas, Francisco, Manuel, Josefa, Concepcion,
CaroHne and Maria. The second of the sons.
Francisco, at an early age secured employment
as assistant on a ranch. Later he became a
large property owner and wealthy cattleman. It
is said that for years he was the largest land
owner in all of the Pomona valley, and over his
fields roamed thousands of cattle and horses.
Eventually he carried fewer heads of stock, but
of a higher grade. On the ground where the
home of Mr. Nichols now stands he built a
large adobe house, and here the happiest days
of his life were passed, in the society of his
family and the many friends whom his genial
qualities had drawn to him. In those days there
was an abundance of rain, consequently the
pastures were in excellent condition for the
stock. Little land was cultivated. Indians
were numerous, but did no damage except to
steal cattle occasionally. Wild game abounded,
and the sportsman found rare pleasure in hunt-
ing the deer, antelope, bears and wolves with
which the remote valleys were filled. Little did
those pioneers dream of the wonderful trans-
formation of the present; some of them lived
to witness many of the changes wrought by the
incoming of American settlers, and he was
among the number. The increase in the values
of land caused him to dispose of much of his
property, and his last days were spent in retire-
ment from business. He was one of the lead-
ing Democrats of his day and locality and for
some time filled the ofiice of supervisor. In
religion he was of the Catholic faith. He died
in 1882 when forty-six years of age, leaving a
Vi'ife and four children. The former was
Lugardia Alvarado, a native of Los Angeles,
and who died June 14, 1896, at the age of fifty-
six years. The children were Concepcion, who
married Eduardo Abila; Christina; Francisco,
who married Virginia Miller; and Porfirio, who
forms the subject of this article.

When the estate was divided Porfirio Palo-
mares received seventy-si.x acres for his share,
of which amount he afterward sold twenty-nine
acres. At this writing he owns one hundred
and ninety-one acres of higher lands where he
raises alfalfa for feed. In addition he is the
possessor of forty-three hundred acres in San
Diego county, the whole forming what is known
as the Montserrat ranch. His attention is de-
voted to a general farming business and to the
management of his vineyard. On his place will
be seen a substantial set of buildings, provided
with the modern equipments. Like his father,
he is a Roman Catholic in religion and a Demo-
crat in politics. With his wife, Hortense,
daughter of Vicente Yorba of Orange county,
he has a large circle of friends throughout
.Southern California, and is regarded as a
worthy descendant of Spanish nobility.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

271

JOSE DOLORES PALOMARES. There
is scarcely a resident of tlie eastern part of Los
Angeles county to whom the name of Palo-
mares is unfamiliar. Particularly is this true
of those who are acquainted with the early
history of the county. At a very early day the
family hecame established here, having come
from Mexico and originally from Spain, of
which country they belonged to the nobility.
The representative of the family whose name
introduces this sketch and who is a well-known
citizen of Lordsburg, traces his lineage to Don
Juan Leocadio Palomares, of Sonora, Mexico,
who married Dona Maria Antonia Gonzales de
Zayas and had an only son, Christopher. As a
sergeant in the Mexican army the latter became
connected with the military affairs of his native
land. About 1771 he identified himself with the
pioneers of the then straggling hamlet of Los
Angeles, where he served as judge and built
a home on the present site of the Arcade depot.
When quite advanced in years he passed away,
thus closing a career that had been long and
intimately associated with the pioneer history
of the city of the Angels. By his marriage to
Benedita Saiz he had the following-named chil-
dren: Concepcion, Barbara, Rosario, Francisco,
Ygnacio, Louise, Dolores, Maria Jesus and
Jose fa.

The fourth member of this family, in order
of birth, was Francisco, who was born in 1806
and grew to manhood amid the primitive sur-
roundings of his California home. During his
entire life he devoted himself to farming, much
of the time making his home in San Jose, where
he had a ranch with large numbers of cattle and
horses. When advancing years rendered manual
labor no longer possible he relinquished to
younger hands the active work connected with
his ranch, but still maintained a supervision of
his property interests. At the time of his death
he was eighty-three. His wife, Margarrita
(Pacheco) Palomares, had died in 1857 when
fifty-two years of age. They were the parents
of the following-named children: Benidita,
Maria Jesus, Christopher, Rosalio, Jose Dolores
(the subject of this article), Concepcion and
Francisco.

In the sketch of Porfirio Palomares, on an-
other page, will be found further mention of
the family genealogy and a record of the de-
scent as traced from the governor of the castle
of St. Gregory, at Oran, Spain. Jose Dolores
Palomares was born in San Jose, Cal., March
24, 1841, and was reared to a knowledge of
farm affairs. Selecting agriculture for his life
work, he turned his attention to farming in the
Calaveras valley and also had ten years of ex-
perience in ranching in Santa Clara county. A
later venture was the real-estate business,
which occupied six years, and afterward he
spent three years carpentering at Contra Costa.

Since 1876 he has made his home in Lords-
burg, where he owns a valuable farm and gives
his attention to a supervision of his interests.
In 1882 he erected a commodious house and
barn, planted fruit trees of various kinds and a
vineyard, since which lime he has improved and
sold considerable of his property, although still
retaining important village possessions. Like
th6 majority of the Palomares family, he favors
the Democratic party and is a Roman Catholic
in religious views. By his marriage to Sarafina
Macias, daughter of Estaban Macias of Mexico,
he has nine children, namely: Porfirio, Maggie,
Chonita, Francisco, Arturo, Emilia, Rosa,
Issavel and Ernestine.

CAPT. SAMUEL F. REBER. For the im-
portant position he now holds, as quartermaster
and commissary of subsistence at the Pacific
Branch National Home for Disabled Volunteer
Soldiers, Captain Reber is admirably qualified
by reason of his long and successful experience
as a soldier in the Civil war. This appointment,
tendered him through the recommendation of
Senator Foraker of Ohio, forms a fitting climax
to the patriotic spirit manifested during the days
of our country's need, when as a volunteer he
eagerly sought for an opportunity to fight for
the Union, braving hardships and perils in order
to aid in securing victory for the stars and
stripes.

The ancestry of the family is traced to John
Reber, a German, who in 1742 immigrated to
Berks county. Pa. From him descended Ber-
nard, whose son, John Reber, was a native of
Berks county, followed farm pursuits, and died
in Lewisburg, Pa. Next in line of descent was
Samuel, also a native of Berks county, and who
removed to Illinois in 1852, settling on Yellow
creek, near Freeport. The next year he died at
liis new home. In Berks county he had married
Mary Ritter, whose father, Jacob Ritter, was
born in that county, of an old Pennsylvania
family. In 1859 she removed to Dayton, Ohio,
and there died in 1879. Of her sixteen children
who grew to years of maturity three daughters
and three sons are now living. Imbued with a
patriotic spirit, five of the sons enlisted in the
Union army and served with meritorious valor.
Levy, who was for three years a soldier in the
Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry, died in Nebraska
in 1896; Martin, who was for three years in the
same regiment, is now living at Eldorado
Springs, Mo.; Samuel F. was a soldier in the
Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry for three years of
the war; Henry, who was a member of the
Ninth Iowa Infantry, died in Dayton, Ohio, in
1869; and James, who as a sixteen-year-old boy
enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-second
Ohio Infantry, is now cashier of Winters Na-
tional Bank of Dayton, Ohio.

In Lewisburg, Pa., Samuel F. Reber was

272

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

born in 1843. His childhood years were
principally in Illinois, but in 1859 he removed
from there to Dayton, Ohio. In 1861, at the
first call for volunteers, he enlisted in the service,
but the quota being full, he was assigned to the
Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry, and was mustered
in at Camp Chase. As orderly sergeant he
proved himself efficient and won promotion to
drillmastcr of the non-commissioned officer.
.\mong his early engagements were those at
Greenbrier and Cheat JMountain, W. Va., after
which his regiment and the Sixth Ohio were
sent to Kentucky and assigned to Nelson's
division of the army of the Ohio, organized by
General Buell. Shortly after the commission of
lieutenant was tendered him, he commanded his
company at Shiloh, all of the commissioned of-
ficers being either disabled or killed. Having
proved himself an efficient leader he was offered
promotion to captain, but being only nineteen
years of age he considered himself too young to
accept the responsibility. Among his engage-
ments in 1862 were those of Woodbury, Perry-
ville and Stone river. In October he was as-
signed to the pioneer corps and made assistant
quartermaster and impressing officer of the
army of the Cumberland, where his duties af-
forded a splendid scope for the display of his
unusual ability. Meantime he had accepted an
appointment as first lieutenant, and in January,
1863, was sent to Washington, D. C, to receive
instructions in a new system of telegraphy. Re-
turning to the army in April, he was in time to
jjarticipate in the Chattanooga campaign which
culminated in the battle of Chickamauga. While
the army was stationed at Chattanooga he was
in active service on Waldron's Ridge and in the
Sequache valley, returning in time for the bat-
tles of Lookout mountain and Missionary
Ridge. In the latter engagement he sent and
received all of General Grant's messages. In
Ihe winter of 1863-64 he had charge of a signal
station of observation on Lookout mountain.
During the Atlanta campaign he was chief
signal officer of the Twentieth Army Corps and
was with General Hooker in every engagement
of the campaign. The term of service having
expired, his regiment was discharged, but he
was retained by special order of the war depart-
ment and remained until Atlanta was captured.
The news of the capture he signaled to Vining
Station, nine miles from Atlanta, where a tele-
graph office had been established. He was
mustered out October 13, 1864, and at once be-
gan recruiting volunteers in Dayton. In March.
1865, he was tendered a commission as lieuten-
ant-colonel by the governor of Ohio, but all
indications pointed to a speedy close of the war,
and so he declined the honor. He was also
commissioned a lieutenant in the regular army
and still retains the commission in his posses-
sion, but decided he would prefer business pur-

suits. During all of his service, working side
by side with him, was Burch Foraker, a brother
of Senator Foraker. It is worthy -of note that
iheir promotions were simultaneous, even in-
cluding the signal service, and thus was formed
a friendship between the two that continued un-
til Captain Foraker died in 1875.

When the war had closed and men began to
settle down to the ordinary pursuits of civic
life, Captain Reber went to Portsmouth, Ohio,
where for years he carried on an insurance busi-
ness. In 1883 he removed to Minneapolis,
Minn., where he carried on a building business
until 1900. While there he served as health in-
spector, having been appointed under a Re-
publican administration, he being a pronounced
and active Republican. His marriage, in Lan-
caster, Pa., united him with Miss Sarah B.
KiefTer, who was born in that city. Four chil-
dren comprise their family, namely: Burch
Foraker and John Charlton, who are connected
with the St. Paul road in Minneapolis; Samuel
KiefTer, who is associated with the Fresno
Democrat in Fresno, Cal.; and Walter W., also
an employe of the St. Paul in Minneapolis.
While in Dayton, Ohio, Captain Reber was in-
itiated into Masonry, and for years has held
membership in the blue lodge at Portsmouth.
During the period of his residence in Minne-
apolis he was adjutant of Plummer Post, G. A.
R. In 1900 he came to California to visit his
son in Fresno and was so pleased with the
climate and the country that he decided to re-
main, hence the appointment as quartermaster
at the Soldiers' Home, which was tendered him
September 20, 1901, proved most happily in ac-
cord with his own tastes and preferences, and
on the 1st of October he entered upon his
duties, to the efficient discharge of which he has
since devoted his time and thoughtful attention.

J. C. RUST. A resident of Pasadena since
1884, Mr. Rust has been identified in various
ways with the growth and progress of this city.
He was born at North Vernon, Ind., January
19, 1857, and is a son of Abraham and Sarah
(Boner) Rust, who make their home in Pasa-
dena. His father, who was a native of Ohio,
spent ,a portion of his earlier life in that state
and Indiana, but later engaged in farm pursuits
in Kansas, returning from there to Indiana, and
finally settling in California. In the family there
were twelve children, but five are deceased.

Until eighteen years of age J. C. Rust lived
in Indiana. From there he went to Illinois and
began farming in Jackson county. Five years
later he removed to Kansas and took up a tract
of farm land in Riley county. Not feeling satis-
fied witli the limited education he had received,
he applied some of his savings to the broaden-
ing of his education, for which purpose he at-
tended the State Agricultural College at Man-

orr

(^y^AJO^L^^-—-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

»75

hattan. However, when ready to enter upon the
senior year he left the college in order to take
up the study of medicine. For a time he read
under Dr. Paddock of Nelawaka, Kans., and
later was with Dr. Cope, of Vernon, Ind., but on
iiis return to Kansas gave up his intention to
become a physician, and instead went to the
mines of Silver Reefe, Utah. A year later, in
March, 1884, he arrived in Pasadena. His early
imdertakings in this city were along the line of
real-estate investments. On the corner of Illi-
nois and Garfield avenues he laid out two acres,
forming the J. C. Rust addition to Pasadena.
In addition he laid out five acres, comprising the
Rust subdivision of Whittier; also another five-
acre tract, the Rust & Landreth subdivision of
Whittier; and the Rust, Baldwin & Landreth
subdivision of Whittier, ten acres.

During the World's Fair Mr. Rust visited in
the east. On his return he engaged in the local
express business on the Terminal road, after
which he was with Patten & Davis. In April,
i8g6, with his brother, S. L., he established the
Independence Ice Company, a wholesale and
retail concern, the two brothers having con-
tinued together ever since. In addition he is
interested in the Revenue Oil Company in Kern
county. As a member of the Electro-Geodetic
Mining Company, which operates in different
parts of Arizona, he has important connection
with mining interests, and besides he is a di-
rector in the Golden Age Mining Company,
operating in Chaparal, Ariz. He is connected
with the Pasadena Board of Trade, is a stanch
Republican in political views, and in fraternal
relations is associated with the Woodmen of the
World. When living in Manhattan, Kans., he
married Miss Ivaloo Winder, who was born in
Ohio and received an excellent education in the
Manhattan schools. While living in that city
she became a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, with which she has since been
connected. The two children born of this mar-
riage are Everett W. and Russell L.

FRANCIS JEFFERSON BECKWITH.
Much of interest attaches to the life of this
pioneer of Ventura county, whose history for
many years was closely associated with that of
the county and whose death was a distinct loss
to its citizenship. Mr. Beckwith was born in
Ontario county, N. Y., August 14, 1834, of
Scotch ancestry. His father, Nathan, Jr., was
born in 1798 and for many years made his home
in New York, from which state he moved to
Iowa and took up land on the then frontier.
However, he later returned to New York and
died in Ontario county when sixty-iive years of
age. The grandfather, Nathan, Sr., was a
pioneer of Oswego county, N. Y. Three of the
Beckwith family bore arms with the Americans
(luring the war of 1812. The mother of Mr.

Beckwith bore the maiden name of Phoebe
Granger and was born in Ontario county in
1808, her father, Elihu Granger, having removed
there from New Jersey.

In a family of seven children Francis J. Beck-
with was the youngest. When quite young he
accompanied his parents to Indiana and after-
ward endured the vicissitudes connected with
clearing a tract of raw land, in the midst of
frontier surroundings lacking every comfort of
modern civilization. After the death of his
father he continued at home, assisting his mother
after the older children had gone into homes
of their own. On starting out for himself he
went to Michigan and bought land near Ver-
montville, Eaton county. No improvements
had been attempted, and his first task was the
building of a log cabin. Next he attempted to
put the land under cultivation. After two very
busy years on that place he sold out and secured
employment in a mill, where he remained for
three years.

September 21, 1874, was the date of Mr. Beck-
with's arrival in California. For two years he
worked for his brother, Appleton, on the latter's
ranch in Ventura county. He then went back
to Indiana, but two years later returned to Cali-
fornia and re-entered the employ of his brother.
February 3, 1881, Appleton Beckwith died, be-
queathing to his brothers, Francis J. and Addi-
son, his ranch of seven hundred acres. At a
later date Addison sold his interest to Francis
J., who thus became the sole owner of the valu-
able estate. Three hundred acres of the tract
are rich farming lands, while the balance is
adapted for pasturage with the exception of a
small acreage of waste land. In location the
ranch has many advantages. It is in the midst
of a fine farming country, where successes in the
past have encouraged the farmers to renewed
efforts for the future. Formerly hogs and cat-
tle were the chief products, but corn and lima
beans now form the staple products, and from
this Beckwith ranch twenty-five centals of corn
and two thousand pounds of beans form an
average crop. The most of the improvements
on the place are the result of Mr. Beckwith's
painstaking care and watchful oversight. He
planted the trees that now adorn the homestead :
and built the large barns and granaries whose
well-filled cribs denote plenty and comfort.

August 27, 1859, Mr. Beckwith married Sarah
L. Greenmayer, who was born July 5, 1841, and
is a daughter of Jesse and Mary (Paul) Green-
mayer. Her father was born in Pennsylvania
m 1818 and her mother, of Dutch descent, was
born in that state the same year. TJie four chil-
dren of Mr. and Mrs. Beckwith are: Caroline,
born in Indiana, September 20, i860, now the
wife of George A. Jones, of Ventura county;
Charles F., bom in Indiana, January 12, 1862;
Delbcrt T., born in Michigan, January 31, 1869;

376

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and Emma G., born October 22, 1878, now the
wife of M. A[. Baker, of Ventura county.

While a Republican in politics, Mr. Beckwith
at no time participated actively in public afifairs.
Instead, his attention was concentrated upon
improving his ranch and training his children for
useful positions in society. He died December
30, 1901, and his body was laid in its final resting
place on New Year's day. In death he was fol-
lowed by the respect of associates and the af-
fection of family and intimate friends. The end
was unexpected, resulting from an attack of
jMieumonia and heart failure, and his sudden
demise came as a shock to his acquaintances,
and particularly to the pioneer element of the
valley, among whom he had lived and labored
for so many years.

WILLIAM ROMMEL. A resident of Los
Angeles since 1883, Mr. Rommel was born in
Jefferson county, Ky., January 28, 1849. For
many years the family of which he is a repre-
sentative lived in the vicinity of Stuttgart,
Wurtemberg, Germany, where they were
scientific agriculturists and devoted members of
the Lutheran Church. Daniel Rommel, the
father of William, was born in the same locality,
graduated from the Royal College of Wurtem-
berg, and became proficient in horticulture,
lloriculture and landscape gardening. When
twenty-one years of age he crossed the ocean
and settled in Kentucky, where he first managed
and later owned a fine plantation, and remained
on the property until his death. He was an anti-
slavery man and fearless in his denunciation of
injustice. In Kentucky he married Barbara
Beerworth, who was born in that state, her
father having migrated there from Wurtemberg.
She is now seventy-three years of age and makes
Los Angeles her home. Of her ten children,
all attained maturity and seven are now living,
four in California. John is president of the
Rommel Oil Company of Los Angeles ; Edward
is secretary of the same company; and a sister,
^Irs. Kohlmeier, also lives in Los Angeles.

Until his eighteenth year Mr. Rommel was
reared on his father's fann m Kentucky, during
which time he received a fair education in the
public schools. In order to prepare himself to
be an architect and contractor he undertook
mechanical studies with an expert in that line.
In 1875 he began building in Louisville, Ky.,
where he erected some of the finest buildings in
the city. In 1883 he came to Los Angeles, be-
ing the first of the family to settle in the far
west. Immediately he entered the building
business, his first contract being for the resi-
dence of Winnall Dalton. Later constructions
due to his skill are the Young Men's Christian
.Association building, the English Lutheran and
Christian churches, besides many other public
and private structures. In January of 1895 he

was appointed buiiding inspector by Mayor
Frank Roeder, and served until 1897. At one
time he was president of the Builders' Ex-
cliange, of which he is a charter member. He
Vvas also a charter member of the Chamber of
Commerce. In 1901 he became interested in
the real-estate busmess as a member of the firm
of Glass & Rommel, who have made a
specialty of buying vacant property, puttmg up
houses on the same, and then selling as op-
portunity offered. They also act as insurance
agents.

In Louisville, Ky., Mr. Rommel married Mary
Philipine Freyvogel, a native of that city. Tliey
are the parents of six children: Nettie, Mamie,
Samuel, Calvin, Carrie and Gertrude. The
family arc connected with the Lutheran Church,
toward which Mr. Rommel is a contributor. In
national politics he is a supporter of the princi-
ples of the Republican party. While in Louis-
ville he became a member of Campus Lodge,
A. F. & A. M. There, too, he was raised to the
Royal Arch, Knight Templar and thirty-second
degrees. On coming to Los Angeles he be-
came a charter member of the Southern Cali-
fornia Lodge, F. & A. M., Commandery No. 9,
K. T., Los Angeles Consistory and Al Mala-
kiah Temple, N. M. S.

E. E. SHAFFER. The auditor of San Diego
county, who has been a resident of San Diego
since 1870, was born in Contra Costa county,
Cal., May 29, 1859, and was one of three
brothers now living. The eldest of these,
George B., is connected with the First National
Bank of Los Angeles, and the youngest, J. E.,
was deputy in the auditor's office in San Diego
until his death, which occurred April 13, 1902.
The father, Josiah Shaffer, removed from Penn-
sylvania to Iowa and in 1849 crossed the plains
with an ox-team, afterward engaging in mining
on the American and Feather rivers. Finding
the venture less profitable than hoped, he took
up farming in Contra Costa county. From
there he came to San Diego and engaged in
milling. In 1872 he began the manufacture of
salt by the solar process, having his works at
the head of the bay, and continuing in the oc-
cupation until he died, in 1880, at sixty-one
years. His wife, Delia D., was born in Harrison
county. Pa., of Scotch descent, and in 185 1
crossed the plains with a sister and brother-in-
law, settling in Contra Costa county. Her death
occurred in San Diego in 1892.

The education of E. E. Shaffer was obtained
in grammar and high schools, also in the San
Francisco Business College. For twelve years
he had charge of Snyder's book and stationery
business. He then engaged in the manufacture
of salt, as a partner of his brother, J. E., their
works being known as the La Punta salt works.
Under their supervision they were enlarged to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

279

a capacity of six hundred tons per year. In
January, 1901, the plant was sold. In 1892 E.
"E. Shaffer was elected county auditor on the
Republican ticket. Two years later he was re-
elected. Meantime the legislature had changed
th.e term to four years, so that he remained in
office for his second term a period of four years.
In 1898 he was re-elected by a large majority,
to serve until January, 1903. In San Diego he
married Mathilda Gabrielson, who was born in
Danville, Wis., and by whom he has three sons,
ijeorge Ernest, Daniel Eugene and Elmer Evan.
Fraternally Mr. Shaffer stands very high in
Masonry, is past president of the Native Sons
of the Golden West, a member of the Encamp-
ment, I. O. O. F., the Benevolent Protective
Order of Elks, Maccabees, Ancient Order of
United Workmen, Independent Order of For-
esters and Knights of Pythias.

JAMES MILLER GUINN, of Los Angeles
City, was born near Houston, Shelby county,
Ohio, November 27, 1834. His paternal and
maternal ancestors removed from Scotland and
settled in the north of Ireland in the latter part
of the seventeenth century. His father was born
near Enniskillen, in County Fermanagh, and his
mother, Eliza Miller, was born near London-
derry. His father came to America in 1819,
and after ten years spent in the lumber busi-
ness in the province of New Brunswick he mi-
grated to Oliio, in 1830, and located on a tract
of land covered with a dense forest.

James M. Guinn spent his boyhood years in
assisting his father to clear a farm. The facili-
ties for obtaining an education in the backwoods
of Ohio fifty years ago were very meager. Three
months of each winter he attended school in a
little log schoolhouse. By studying in the eve-
nings, after a hard day's work, he prepared him-
self for teaching; and at the age of eighteen be-
gan the career of a country pedagogue. For
two years he alternated teaching with farming.
-Vmbitious to obtain a better education, he en-
tered the preparatory department of Antioch
College, of which institution Horace Mann, the
eminent educator, was then president. In 1857
lie entered Oberlin College. He was entirely
dependent on his own resources for his college
expenses. By teaching during vacations, by
manual laber and the closest economy, he
worked his way through college and graduated
with honors.

On the breaking out of the Civil war, in 1861.
lie was among the very first to respond to Presi-
dent Lincoln's call for volunteers, enlisting April
19, 1861, four days after the fall of Fort Sumter.
He was a member of Company C, Seventh Regi-
ment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Later he en-
listed in the same regiment for three years. This
regiment was one of the first sent into West
N'irginia: He served through the West Virginia

campaign under McClellan and afterwards under
Rosecrans. The Seventh Regiment joined the
army of the Potomac in the fall of 1861, and took
part in all the great battles in whch that army
was engaged up to and including the battle of
Gettysburg. In September, 1863, the regiment,
as part of the Twelfth Army Corps, was sent to
the west, and was engaged in the battles of
Lookout Mountain, Alissionary Ridge and
Ringgold. Its three vears being ended, it was
mustered out the ist of Tune, 1864, in front of
Atlanta.

In August, 1861, while the Seventh Regiment
was guarding Carnifax Ferry, on the Gauley
river, it was attacked by three thousand Con-
federates under Floyd and Wise. After a des-
perate resistance it was forced to retreat, leaving
its dead and wounded on the field. On the
retreat the company of which Mr. Guinn was a
member fell into an ambush and nearlv one-half
of those who escaped from the battlefield were
captured. Mr. Guinn, after a narrow escape
from capture, traveled for five days in the moun-
tains, subsisting on a few berries and leaves of
wintergreen. He finally reached the Union
forces at Gauley Bridge, almost starved. At
the battle of Cedar Mountain his regiment lost
sixty-six per cent of those engaged — a percent-
age of loss nearly twice as great as that of the
Light Brigade in its famous charge at Bala-
klava. Of the twenty-three of Mr. Guinn's com-
pany who went into the battle only six came
out unhurt, he being one of the fortunate six.

Of his military service, a history of the com-
pany written by one of his comrades after the
war, says: "Promoted to corporal November i,
1862: took part in the battles of Cross Lanes.
Winchester, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain,
second Bull Run, Antietam, Dumfries. * * *
On every march of the company till his dis-
charge."

^ After his discharge he was commissioned by
Governor Tod, of Ohio, captain in a new regi-
ment that was forming, but, his health having
been broken by hard service and exposure, he
was compelled to decline the position.

In 1864 he came to California (by wav of
Panama) for the benefit of his health. After
teaching school three months in Alameda countv
he joined the gold rush to Idaho, packing his
blankets on his back and footing it from Uma-
tilla, Ore., to Boise Basin, a distance of three
hundred miles. For three years he followed
gold mining with var\-ing success, sometimes
striking it rich and again dead broke. His health
failing him again, from the effects of his army
service, he returned to California in 1867; and
in 1868 went east and took treatment for a num-
ber of months in Dr. Jackson's famous water
cure, at Danville, N. V. He returned to Cali-
fornia in 1869, and in October of that year came
to Los Angeles county. He found employment

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

as principal of the sciiools of Anaheim — a posi-
tion he filled for twelve consecutive years. He
reached the town with $io; by investing his
savings from his salary in land, at the end of
twelve years he sold his landed possessions for
$15,000. During the greater portion of the time
he was emp!o)-'ed in the Anaheim schools he
was a member of the county board of education.
He helped to organize the first teachers' insti-
tute (October 31, 1870) ever organized in the
county. In 1874 he married Miss D. C. Mar-
quis, an assistant teacher, daughter of the Rev.
John Marquis. To them three children have
been bom: Mabel Elisabeth, Edna Marquis and
Howard James. The Marquis family is of
Huguenot ancestry. The progenitors of the
family in America left France after the revoca-
tion of the edict of Nantes, and settled in the
north of Ireland. From there, in 1720, they
emigrated to America, locating in Pennsylvania.

In 1881 Mr. Guinn was appointed superin-
tendent of the city schools of Los Angeles. He
filled the position of school superintendent for
two years. He then engaged in merchandising,
which he followed for three years. Selling out,
he engaged in the real estate and loan business,
safely passing through the boom. He filled the
position of deputy county assessor several years.

Politically he has always been a stanch Re-
publican. He was secretary of a Republican
club before he was old enough to vote, and, ar-
riving at the voting age, he cast his first vote for
John C. Fremont, in 1856, and has had the
privilege of voting for every Republican nomi-
nee for President. In 1873, when the county
was overwhelmingly Democratic, he was the
Republican nominee for the assembly and came
within fifty-two votes of being elected. In 1875
he was the nominee of the anti-monopoly wing
of the Republican party for state superintendent
of public instruction. For the sake of party
harmony he withdrew just before the election in
favor of the late Prof. Ezra Carr, who was
triumphantly elected. He served a number of
years on the Republican county central com-
mittee, being secretary from 1884 to 1886.

Mr. Guinn took an active part in the organi-
zation of the Historical Society of Southern
CaHfornia, in 1883, and has filled every ofiice in
the gift of the society. He has contributed a
number of valuable historical papers to maga-
zines and newspapers and has edited the His-
torical Society's Annual for the past ten years.
He is a member of the American Historical
Association of Washington, D. C, having the
honor of being the only representative of that
association in Southern California. While en-
gaged in the profession of teaching he was a
frequent contributor to educational periodicals
and ranked high as a lecturer on educational
subjects before teachers' institutes and associa-
tions. He is a charter member of Stanton Post

No. 55, G. A. R.; also a past post commander,
and has discharged the duties of post adjutant
continuously for ten years. In Southern Cali-
fornia Lodge No. 191, A. O. U. W., he has held
the office of recorder for fourteen years. When
the Society of Pioneers of Los Angeles county
was organized, in 1897, he was one of the com-
mittee of three selected to draft a form of or-
ganization and a constitution and. by-laws, and
has filled the position of secretary and that of a
member of the board of directors continuously
since the society's organization.

Besides the historical portion of this volume,
he has written a brief history of California, and
a history of Los Angeles city and county.

JAMES T. DUNN. The family represented
by Mr. Dunn, of Gardena, is among the oldest
and most honorable of Georgia. His grand-
father, James Lavender, was a native of that
state and one of its lifelong residents. For his
day and locality he was a rich man, his posses-
sions including tw-o thousand acres of land and
sixty-five slaves. At the time of his death, in
1864, the value of his lands had been greatly
lessened by reason of the Civil war, which
brought death and destruction in its wake.
John, father of James T. Dunn, was born and
reared in Georgia, and cultivated a plantation of
eighty acres there. During 1857 he removed
to the southern part of Arkansas and bought
eighteen hundred acres in Union county, where
he engaged in raising cotton for twelve years.
February 5, 1870, he left his Arkansas home for
the Pacific coast, and on the 3d of March he ar-
rived in Los Angeles, from which city he pro-
ceeded to Downey. There he bought eighty
acres of land and his son, James T., purchased
a forty-acre tract. In the fall of 1880 he re-
moved to Redondo Beach, and for six years
leased and cultivated five hundred acres, where
he raised barley. The year 1886 found him in
Moneta, where he bought twenty-six acres, and
improved the same with a neat residence. At
this place his death occurred in 1895. His wife
was Mary Lavender, a native of Georgia, and
by their union three children were born who
attained maturity, James T. being the eldest of
these. He was born near Atlanta, Ga., March
17, 1850, and received a fair education in private
schools, after which he became interested in
farming. In the various removals of the family
he accompanied them, finally settling in Moneta,
where he has made his home since 1886. In
1891 he embarked in the grocery business and
about the same time erected the first store build-
ing here, this being also utilized for a postoffice.
He still operates a feed mill on his property.
However, of late years he has given his atten-
tion almost wholly to the cultivation of his
ranch of two hundred acres, of which sixty acres
are in peas and strawberries, while the balance

CHARLES FERHALD.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

is in barley. Under his supervision the land has
been transformed from a raw prairie to an im-
proved and valuable ranch, and he has also
added to its value by his private pumping plant,
which has one hundred inches' capacity.

While in Arkansas Mr. Dunn married IMiss
Ellen I. Edington, who was born in Alabama.
Her father, Jesse M. Edington, a native of Ten-
nessee, carried on a cotton plantation in the
south and was a man of considerable influence
in his locality; his last years were spent in Cali-
fornia. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Dunn con-
sists of the following children: Jesse L. ; Mary
E., wife of J. M. Hardwick; and John J., a uni-
versity student. The family are associated with
the Methodist Episcopal Church South and
are interested in all movements for the wel-
fare and progress of their community. In
general elections Mr. Dunn always votes the
Democratic ticket. During his thirty years
and more of residence in Southern Califor-
nia he has witnessed the many changes wrought
here; has seen booms rise and fall, people
come and go, and now at last" has the gratifi-
cation of seeing an era of steady prosperity set
in, which ultimately will make of this region the
most desirable residence section of our whole
country.

CHARLES FERNALD. The life whose
salient events this biography depicts began in
North Berwick, Me., May 27, 1830, and closed
in Santa Barbara, Cal., July 7, 1892. The
Fernald family comes from a long line of Puritan
ancestry and was founded in America by Dr.
Reginald Fernald, who was born in Bristol,
England, and as physician and surgeon accom-
panied the expedition of Sir Ferdinando Gorges
to the new world, settling in New Hampshire
in 1631 with Capt. John Mason's company. A
grant of fifty acres was conveyed to him in 1640.
The northeast shore of the Piscataqua river
which he and his brother Thomas owned, re-
mained in the family for one hundred and fifty
years, when John Fernald, Jr., conveyed away
Fernald's Island, which, June 15, 1806, passed
into the ownership of the United States and is
now the site of the Portsmouth navy yard. Dur-
ing the Revolutionary war Hercules Fernald,
grandfather of Charles, and who was born at
Kittery December 4, 1749, rendered brave ser-
vice in the Massachusetts line, fighting at Dor-
chester Heights, Fort Constitution, Benning-
ton, Bemis Heights, Stillwater, Saratoga and
other noteworthy engagements with the British.

The c<lucation of Charles Fernald was largely
gained under the preceptorship of Prof. Harri-
son Carroll Hobart. When less than nineteen
years of age he joined a party bound for Cali-
fornia, and after a long journey arrived in San
Francisco June 14, 1849. A few months in the
mines sufficed to prove that his tastes ran in

other directions. Returning to San Francisco,
he engaged in editorial work on the Post and
Aha, well known publications of that city.
Meantime his law studies were carefully con-
tinued. The fire of May 4, 185 1, and that of
May 4, 1852, somewhat dampened his enthu-
siasm in regard to life in the far west, and he
decided to return to New England. With this
purpose in view, but wishing first to visit some
friends in Southern California and then take the
Panama steamer at San Diego, he came to Santa
Barbara, June 30, 1852, where he met his friends,
Edward Sherman Hoar and Augustus F. Hinch-
man.

So complete has been the transformation in
the appearance of Santa Barbara that one can
scarcely imagine the contrast afforded by pres-
ent-day activity in comparison with the sleepy
drowsiness of the Mexican settlement of fifty
years ago. Just at the time of Mr. Fernald's ar-
rival, however, the peaceful lives of the people
had been interrupted by an organized set of
bandits who terrorized the entire community
and who had compelled the county officers to
resign their positions. The best men of the
community were making a determined effort to
evolve order out of anarchy. At this opportune
time Mr. Fernald was offered the position of
county judge if he would remain. In a day his
entire plans were changed and all idea of re-
turning east was abandoned. March 14, 1853,
he received the appointment as judge, and Sep-
tember S. same year, he was elected to the office,
to which he was re-elected two years later. One
of his first official acts was the appointment of
Russel Heath as district attorney. His splendid
personal courage enabled him to cope with the
desperadoes who had no regard for life or prop-
erty. His life was in constant danger in the
then unsettled condition of the country and he
had many stirring experiences in the adminis-
tration of the law, and holding in check the
many rough characters who menaced the public
peace. That he succeeded in administering jus-
tice and in securing the respect of the com-
munity is proved by the fact that he held the
office for four successive terms, by election.
Under the first state constitution the duties of a
county judge were not limited to the trial of
civil cases. As judge of the court of sessions
he presided at the trial of many criminal of-
fenses, and he was also judge of the probate
court and of the county court.

During his incumbency of the office. Judge
Fernald was a close student of the law and also
of the Spanish language. As a result he was
thoroughly equipped to handle the peculiar liti-
gation of the country arising principally from
the construction of ^Icxican grants, their au-
thenticity, limitations and boundaries, and con-
.scquently after retiring from the bench he wa."?
retained as counsel by the principal owners of

284

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

property in Santa Barbara, which at that time
included the present county of Ventura. He
was admitted to the state supreme court Sep-
tember 2, 1854, to the United States circuit
court in 1857, and the United States supreme
court in 1874. His superior legal acquirements
and readiness of resources in the management of
complicated matters affecting the titles to land
and arising in the peculiar disputes characteristic
of the country after the conquest, secured his
employment in his profession not only by the
land owners of his locality, but also brought
him a clientage beyond the borders of Califor-
nia, notably as attorney for Thomas A. Scott of
Philadelphia, who owned large ranches in
Southern California. Especially valuable to the
city were his services in finally settling the title
to and fixing the boundaries of its municipal
lands, as successor to the ancient pueblo of
Santa Barbara, by obtaining a patent therefor
(four square leagues) from the United States
land department, the first patent ever issued to a
pueblo in this state.

With the almost unanimous vote of the peo-
ple, Judge Fernald was elected mayor of Santa
Barbara in May, 1882, and served for two years,
declining, however, to accept the salary attached
to the office. During his service as mayor the
Marquis of Lome and the Princess Louise hon-
ored Santa Barbara with a visit of three weeks.
Later Judge Fernald was chosen United States
commissioner for the southern district of Cali-
fornia. Possessing linguistic ability, he familiar-
ized himself with French and Italian literature,
and few residents of the United States excelled
him in knowledge of the Spanish language. Of
international law and the science of government
he was a constant student, and he was familiar
with the principles of civil as well as common
law. A life member of the American Forestry
Association, he was deeply interested in the care
of the forests and the raising of fruit, and the
first experiments in planting and cultivating
olive trees in Southern California, outside of
the old missions, were made by him in 1865-66,
when he purchased the Belmont property, near
Santa Barbara, and planted it in olives, for the
purpose of proving that olives could be pro-
duced for preserving and for making oil of the
best quality.

At North Berwick, Me., August 7, 1862,
Judge Fernald married Miss Hannah Hobbs,
daughter of Wilson and Sarah Eliot (Good-
win) Hobbs, and a descendant of Judge John
Hill, Samuel Goodwin (son of Dominicus and
Hannah (Hill) Goodwin), Robert Eliot and the
Pepperell family. The children of Judge and
Mrs. Fernald are four, two sons and two
daughters. Mrs. Fernald is a member of the
Daughters of the American Revolution and the
Colonial Dames, her ancestors, the Goodwins
and Hobbs, both having had representatives in

the Revolutionary and colonial wars. A brother
of her mother, Hon. Ichabod Goodwin, was the
war governor of New Hampshire, .and another
brother. Dr. Daniel Goodwin, was president of
the LTniversity of Pennsylvania. Judge Fernald
was a life member of the Pioneer Society of
California, member of the National Association
of Sons of the American Revolution, member of
the American Academy of Political and Social
Science in Philadelphia, and of the California
State Bar Association, m which he served as
vice-president.

As the bearing and deeds of Judge Fernald
in life had been worthy a knight of old, it was
fitting that his associates, the Knight Templar
Masons, should perform the cross of steel over
his grave. His comrades in the California So-
ciety, Sons of the American Revolution, issued
a pamphlet calling attention to his worthy life
and dwelling upon his merits. The superior
court of the state, in and for the county of Santa
Barbara, presented the following resolutions,
quoted in part:

"Whereas, on the 7th of July, 1892, Charles
Fernald, a member of this court, was removed
by death from his sphere of action in our midst;

"By the death of this, our brother attorney.
the bar of this county, as well as that of the
state, has met with a loss that will long be felt.
After forty years of service upon the bench and
as an advocate and counselor at this bar, his
name has become identified with Santa Barbara
in legal circles throughout this coast. Although
just past the age of three-score, he outranked
us all in years of practice here. He was eminent
in ability, intellectuality and learning, in urban-
ity, courtesy and the exercise of the ethics of his
profession, he stood the peer of any. His suc-
cess, particularly in land litigation, gave him
a reputation and clientage beyond the local bar.
He set an example as an honorable practitioner
and never knowingly represented an unjust
cause. The work of his latter years might be
called 'A volume of selected cases.' for not every
cause could command his professional skill.
To the younger members of the bar he was ever
ready to impart the benefit of his ripe experi-
ence; and his name will remain particularly
green in the memory of these. Therefore be it

"Resolved, That in the death of Charles Fer-
nald. the bar of Santa Barbara county has lost a
distinguished and valued member, the state of
California an honorable citizen, and his be-
reaved family a devoted and dearly beloved hus-
band and father."

In the resolutions passed by St. Omar Com-
mandery No. 30, K. T., of Santa Barbara, atten-
tion was called to the fidelity of Judge Fernald
to the high and lofty principles of Masonry, and
as a token of respect to his memory the swords
of the officers and knights, and the banner of
the commandery were draped in mourning for

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

285

thirty days. Numerous tributes to his worth
were also called forth from the press, both local
and general. The Santa Barbara Press, in al-
luding to his attainments, stated that "In
judicial circles throughout the state he was
known and recognized as a lawyer of promi-
nence. He was a member of the San Francisco
and the State Bar Associations, and the familiar
friend of the distinguished lawyers whose youth-
ful brilliancy add luster to the early history of
our commonwealth. In his social conduct he
set an example to the community worthy of
emulation. He was faithful, affectionate and in-
dulgent as a husband and father, and it was a
privilege to be admitted to the home circle.
There he cast aside all the weapons and armor
of the battlefield and became the warm-hearted
host, and captivated and charmed all with his
fund of knowledge, so happily expressed. It is
with sorrow that Santa Barbara parts with one
who was so closely identified with her interests
and progress."

From the San Fraricisco Bulletin: "Charles
Fernald, who died at his residence at Santa Bar-
bara, July 7, was one of the best-known lawyers
in the state. He had been a familiar figure in
the supreme court for years, and among the
older members of the bar lie had many friends.
Coming to California in the early days, when but
a youth, he had grown up with the common-
wealth. He had seen the jurispnidence of the
state molded from a chaotic mass of pioneer
times into a complete code for the guidance and
protection of the citizen. As a beardless youth
he had argued cases before Murray, Baldwin and
Field. As an advocate in the vigor of manhood
he had tried many important suits before the
justices erected under the new constitution.

"As a lawyer Mr. Fernald was earnest, indus-
trious and able. He entered into the prepara-
tion of a case with tlie same ardor that he would
were his own fortunes involved; he made his
client's interests his own. As a citizen he was a
leader in every enterprise that had for its object
the advancement of the state. Corruption in the
body politic had no more relentless foe. In his
intercourse with his fellows he was considerate,
courteous and kind; he had all the attributes of
a gentleman and he exemplified them in his
daily life. In his home he was evervthing that a
husband and father should be."

ROY B. STEPHENS. During the colonial
period the Stephens family became established
in Virginia and from there later generations
moved to Kentucky. Thomas N., son of a
Mrginian, was born in Kentucky and became a
pioneer farmer of Missouri, where he remained
until death. Next in line of descent w^as Dr.
Charles R. Stephens, a native of Monroe county,
Mo., and a graduate of Bellevue Hospital

Medical College, class of 1874. Immediately
after graduating he accepted an appointment as
surgeon in the United States army, in which
capacity he continued for three years, meantime
being stationed on the frontier. Many of his
experiences were thrilling and perilous, and the
years of his service formed an eventful period
of his career. One of his least desirable ex-
periences was in the expedition of 1876 under
General Crook, when the regiment was so
nearly starved that they were forced to eat mule
meat. In the battle of Rosebud he was with
Gen. Guy V. Henry, when the latter was shot
through the nose. Subsequently he was sent
to Washington to assist in amputating the leg
of Lieutenant Van Lutokz and give the officer
needed attention until recovery. . After leaving
the army he was for two years surgeon at the
Wmnebago Indian agency. On turning to
private practice, he opened an office in Omaha,
Neb., and aftenvard followed his profession in
Middle Grove, Mo., from which place in 1888
he came to South Pasadena, Cal. The latter
part of October, 1901, found him locating for
practice at Victor, Cal., where he died three
weeks later, on the 14th of November.

After going to the central west Dr. Charles
R. Stephens married Miss Ida F. Demarest, who
was born in New York City and died in Cali-
fornia December 6, 1897. Through the Demar-
est family the ancestry is traced back to the
Bogardus family and Anneke Tans. Her grand-
father, John G. Demarest, of Hackensack, N.
J., was a son of Bridget (Brower) Demarest,
whose father, John, was a son of Abraham
Brower, the latter a son of Sybrout Brower,
whose mother, Annette (Bogardus) Brower,
was a daughter of William Bogardus, the latter
a son of Everardus Bogardus. An uncle of Mrs.
Stephens, Abraham Demarest, was a leading
publisher and engraver of New York City. Her
father, William F. Demarest, a native of New
York City, became a pioneer of Omaha, Neb.,
and opened a grocery there before the Civil
war. Erom that time until his death he engaged
in mercantile pursuits. Six children were born
of his union with Mary Ann Cox, who was
born in the same county in England as Queen
A'ictoria and on the same day as the late queen.
Her death occurred in Omaha. When a girl
Mrs. Stephens was given excellent educational
advantages in Omaha and grew to womanhood,
the center of a large social circle conspicuous
for refinement and culture. Before her mar-
riage she visited in Denver, Colo., where her
brother-in-law, Charles Fleury. was making his
headquarters during the building of the Colo-
rado Central Railroad, for which he was a con-
tractor. While in that city she attended a grand
ball given in honor of Duke Alexis of Russia.
and on that occasion received from the duke the
compliment of being the most beautiful woman

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

he had seen in America. After coming to Pasa-
dena she was appointed in charge of the post-
office, under the administration of President
Harrison, and continued to hold the position
until her death.

In Omaha, Neb., Roy B. Stephens was born
September 21, 1876, being the only child of Dr.
C. R. and Ida F. (Demarest) Stephens. In 1889
he accompanied his parents to South Pasadena,
and while still a mere boy began to assist his
mother in the postoffice, also clerked in the San
Gabriel Valley Bank from 1894 until 1897. In
the capacity of deputy he was given charge of
the South Pasadena postoffice in January, 1897,
and in February of the following year was com-
missioned postmaster at this point, which office
he has since filled. At first a fourth-class sta-
tion, the office" has now become third-class, and
receives thirteen and dispatches eleven mails
per day. Though "rocked in the cradle of
Democracy" Mr. Stephens is a true-blue Re-
pubHcan and holds his appointment under a
Republican administration, but numbers his
friends among all parties, his service giving
general satisfaction. He is connected with the
American Club and the Uniform Rank, K. O.
T. M., and in religious associations is identified
with the First Christian Church of Pasadena.
His marriage was solemnized at Whittier, Cal.,
April 30, 1901, and united him with Miss Ceola
Landreth, who was born in Ilhnois and came
to Whittier with her father, Lewis Landreth, a
pioneer of the colony.

J. B. STOUTENBURGH. The fact that Mr.
Sloutenburgh of Pasadena represents one of the
oldest Holland-Dutch families of New York is
indicated in his genealogy, which he traces back
in an unbroken line, through eight generations,
to Jans Roeloffsen and Anneke Jans. Going
back five generations in the family history, we
find that his ancestor, Jacobus Stoutenburgh,
came from Holland to America in 1720 and was
the very first settler of Hyde Park, Dutchess
county, also served as the first judge of that
county. His wife, Margaret Teller, was a grand-
daughter of Sarah Roeloffsen and a great-grand-
daughter of the two notable Hollanders previ-
ously named. At the old homestead in Dutchess
county occurred the birth of William I. Stouten-
burgh. who in early life followed farm pursuits,
but later conducted a mercantile establishment
in Wayne county, N. Y., and finally retired to
Dutchess county, where he died. When a young
man he married Caroline Allen, daughter of
Bartholomew Allen, a farmer. She was born
in Dutchess county and died there, at an ad-
vanced age. Of her four children, one son and
one daughter survive. The son, J. B., was born
in Pennsylvania April 15, 1836, and grew to
manhood at Williamson, near Palmyra, N. Y.,
receiving his education in subscription schools,

Walworth Academy and Palmyra Union school.
While still a mere boy, under the instruction of
his father, he gained an excellent knowledge of
merchandising, and the information thus ac-
quired w'as supplemented by his clerkship in a
store in Jackson, Mich., whither he went in 1856.
From Jackson he removed to Kewenaw Point
on Lake Superior, in the Upper Peninsula,
where he acted as clerk and bookkeeper in a
store connected with the copper mines.

After two years at the Point, in 1866 J\Ir.
Stoutenburgh went to Detroit, where he engaged
as bookkeeper with John J. Bagley & Co.,
tobacco manufacturers. In 1869 he became a
member of the firm, wdiose principal member
was at the time governor of Michigan. Owing
to the absence of the governor from the office
in the discharge of his executive duties, much
01 the responsibility and management of the
business developed upon Mr. Stoutenburgh, who
held the office of treasurer and also acted as
financial manager of the company. The im-
mense trade of the firm was not limited to
America, but extended even across the ocean
into Europe, and its management required the
utmost tact, keenness of ability and resource-
fulness of action. In his capacity of manager
he proved equal to every emergency, and many
attributed the high standing of the firm to his
judicious oversight and great energy. Two
years after the death of Governor Bagley the
business was sold, and Mr. Stoutenburgh then
became a member of the Detroit board of pub-
lic works, first under Mayor Thompson, and
then under S. B. Grummond. His terms of
service lasted for four years, during the last of
which he acted as president of the board. Un-
der his efficient oversight as president the im-
provement of Belle Isle Park was begtm, the
continuance of which in later years has made
the park one of the most beautiful spots in the
United States. Another work of which the
board had charge was the opening of the boule-
vard around Detroit, which contributes toward
making the city one of the most beautiful in
the country.

In Jackson county, Mich., near Columbia,
Mr. Stoutenburgh and Miss Mary C. Hewitt
were united in marriage. They have an only
daughter, Mary Ellen. The family have resided
in Pasadena since 1887, and Mr. Stoutenburgh
has been largely retired from business cares, al-
though his enterprising spirit will not permit
him to enjoy entire leisure, and he has assisted
in starting the Nemaha Water Company, also,
with three others, improved one hundred and
twenty acres at Ontario, which is now a bearing
orange orchard. In politics he is a Republican
and socially belongs to the Twilight Club The
unusual success he has attained in life proves
him to be a man of varied talents, who merits
prosperity and prominence by his diligence in

/P ^ /\fy/fae^^::n.^iy^^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

289

business, his uprightness in all dealings, and his
high sense of honor.

CAPT. D. S. BLACKBURN. It was through
his ofScial connection with the Twenty-first
Illinois Infantry (Grant's old regiment) that
Captain Blackburn gained the title by which he
is usually known. He is a descendant of an old
and honored Kentucky family, and a son of J.
M. and Rachel (Shelby) Blackburn, natives
respectively of Kentucky and Pickaway, Ohio,
the latter being a daughter of David Shelby, an
Ohio pioneer. When a young man, in 1821,
his father settled near Paris, 111., and continued
to make his home in that vicinity until his death,
which occurred at eighty years of age. During
the Blackhawk war he served as colonel of a
regiment. His wife also died in Illinois. Their
only child, D. S., was born near Paris, III, May
15, 1836, and passed his early years upon the
home farm, receiving his education in a log
schoolhouse near his home. When he reached
manhood he became interested in farming and
stock-raising and gradually built up an ex-
tensive business.

At the opening of the Civil war D. S. Black-
burn was among the first to volunteer his
services to his country. May 10, 1861, he en-
listed as a volunteer in one of the ten regiments
that were raised by Governor Yates of Illinois.
His regiment was first known as the Seventh
Congressional District Regiment, but in June
was mustered in as the Twenty-first Illinois In-
fantry. As second lieutenant of Company F he
was sent to Missouri under Col. U. S. Grant.
They marched to Missouri from Springfield, 111.,
because the colonel said he could teach them
more in one day of marching than in a month of
camp life. After a short time at Monroe Sta-
tion, Mo., they were ordered to diflerent parts
of the same state. At Pilot Knob, Mo., No-
vember 17, 1861, he was appointed captain of
Company F, by Governor Yates.

In a battle at Fredericktown, Mo., October 8,
1861, the regiment defeated the Confederates,
driving them back to Little Rock and thence to
Tennessee. After participating in the battle and
siege of Corinth, they proceeded to Chatta-
nooga. Following this came the battle of Perry-
ville. From December 30, 1862, to January 4,
1863, they were engaged in the battle of Stone
River, where the regiment lost in killed and
wounded over three hundred men. He was a
participant in the famous battle of Chickamauga
and also fought for the stars and stripes at Mis-
sionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain. During
the Georgia campaign he took part in the en-
gagements at Tunnel Hill, Dalton, Dallas,
Resaca, Altoona, Buzzard's Roost, Kennesaw
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and the siege of
Atlanta. When the siege ended only about

twenty-five of his old company were left. Fate
seems to have especially protected him, for in
all of these battles he was never wounded. In
July of 1865 he was mustered out at Chatta-
nooga with the rank of captain.

When his country no longer 'had need of his
services, the captain returned to the Illinois
farm and resumed the peaceful pursuits in which
he had previously engaged. He remained in the
same locality until 1875, when he came to Cali-
fornia and bought a farm of three hundred acres
si.\ miles east of Ventura. Since coming here he
has given his attention principally to bean rais-
ing. In Macomb, 111., he met and married Miss
Alice Piper, a native of Indiana. Their union
was blessed by a daughter, Jessie, who bright-
ened their home for seventeen years, but was
taken by death in 1891. Mrs. Blackburn is a
member of the Presbyterian Church, the ser-
vices of which the captain attends. While living
in Illinois he was made a Mason at Paris. At
this writing he is connected with the Ventura
Post, G. A. R., and the California Commandery,
Loyal Legion. No resident of the county is
more stanch than he in allegiance to the Repub-
lican party, and none is more interested in the
development of local resources. His splendid
war record is equaled by his record as a private
citizen, as an agriculturist and as a business man,
and he is honored and esteemed as one of the
most substantial and sterlmg citizens of his com-
munity.

RFV. MARSHALL C. HAYES. In the year
1680 George Hayes came from Scotland to
Windsor, Conn. His eldest son, Daniel, was
captured by the Indians during Queen Anne's
war in 1708 and held captive for five years. He
was the great-great-grandfather of President R.
B. Hayes. While the state of Connecticut was
still under the British rule, Daniel's grandson,
Joel Hayes, enlisted as a lieutenant in the army
of patriots and assisted in bringing to our coun-
try independence and freedom. His son, Joel,
was born in Simsbury, Conn., and for forty-four
years officiated as pastor of the Congregational
Church at South Hadley, Mass., where he died.
Next in line of descent was Joel 3rd, a native
of South Hadley, who there conducted mercan-
tile pursuits; being prospered in his financial
ventures and possessing great generosity as well
as considerable means, he gave the site on which
Mount Holyoke College was erected. His son,
Oliver B., was born in South Hadley, graduated
at Williams College in 1854, and in'i866 settled
in Dalton, Mass., where he became connected
with a brother-in-law, Z. M. Crane, of the pres-
ent firm of Crane & Co. He died at Dalton in
1897. His marriage united him with Josephine,
daughter of Winthrop Laflin, a paper manufac-
turer of Lee, Mass., where she was born and
reared. Her sister married Hon. Z. M. Crane,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and their son, Hon. W. Murray Crane, is tlic
present governor of Massachusetts.

Though born in Dubuque, Iowa (his birth oc-
curring February 8, 1858), Marshall C. Hayes
.spent little of his boyhood in that city, but was
reared m Dalton, Mass. In 1884 he was gradu-
ated from Williams College, after which he en-
tered McCormick Theological Seminary in Chi-
cago, taking the regular course and completing
his studies "in 1887. His graduation was soon
followed, October 8, same year, by his ordina-
tion to the Presbyterian ministry and his ap-
pointment as missionary to Kanazawa, Japan.
Immediately afterward he sailed for his new
field of labor, where he passed several very busy
and active years. On his return to America, in
June, 1892, he settled at Shandon, Cal., where
he remained for fifteen months. The year 1894
found him pastor of the Presbyterian Church of
North Chicago, 111. In January* of 1896 he re-
turned to California, where he first spent a year
on rented property in Pasadena, and in October,
1896, bought his present property in this city.
The building of an attractive and comfortable
residence formed one of his first tasks, in the ac-
complishment of which he secured for his family
a delightful abode. February 2, 1897, he began
the setting out of an orchard of orange trees, to
which the ten-acre ranch is devoted. In the
caring for the trees, watching the development
of the fruits, picking, packing and shipping them,
he finds the physical exercise which, in his for-
mer labors as minister, was so often denied him.
While he has practically retired from the min-
istry, his heart is as deeply concerned in the
welfare of the church as ever and his keen intel-
lectual acumen gives the same pronounced alle-
giance to Presbyterian doctrines as in his more
youthful days. The denomination that was
founded by Calvin and fostered by the self-sacri-
ficing toil of thousands of pastors and millions
of adherents has gained a distinct addition
through his ministry at home and abroad, nor
have his efforts been less arduous along fines
not strictly religious, yet distinctly humanita-
rian.

In Tola, Kans., October 16, 1887, occurred the
marriage of Rev. Mr. Hayes and Miss Medea
Brewster, daughter of a merchant and descended
fromthat historic character. Elder William Brew-
ster, of Mayflower fame. The children born of
their union are Marshall C, Jr., and Oliver B.,
who are students in the Throop Polytechnic In-
stitute in Pasadena; Louise, Winthrop L. and
William Brewster.

EDGAR EUGENE SELPH, attorney at Los
Angeles and Pasadena, and secretary of the
Roosevelt Mining and Milling Company, was
born in Salem, Marion county, Ore., in i860,
and comes of a family of Welsh descent, the
name being originally spelled Sylph. William

Selph, the father of Edgar Eugene, came to Cal-
ifornia in the days of gold, crossing the plains
from his native home in middle Tennessee, and
engaging for a short time in the pursuit of min-
ing. In 1852 he located in Oregon, and com-
bined his trade of blacksmithing with the occu-
pation of farming, in the vicinity of Salem, but
in after years removed to Jackson county, Ore.,
where he is still living, at the age of seventy-
eight years. He married Julia Chitwood, a na-
tive of Iowa, and of English descent, and who
came to Oregon in 1853. Mrs. Selph, who died
in 1872, was the mother of four children, three
of whom attained maturity, one daughter and
one son only surviving at the present time.

The career of Edgar Eugene Selph was en-
tirely of his own making, for his father was a
man of moderate means, and the son was obliged
to shift for himself at the early age of twelve.
While performing the tasks on a farm he formu-
lated large plans for the future, in which a good
education played no inconsequent part. Tliough
handicapped by responsibility, he managed to
secure a common education and qualify as a
teacher, and in this way he worked his w'ay
through McMinnville College, which he entered
in 1880, and where he remained for five years.
While teaching he began the study of law under
W. D. Fenton (now one of the attorneys of the
Southern Pacific Railway Company) in Port-
land, Ore., and was admitted to the Oregon bar
in April of 1890. His professional career was in-
augurated in Oregon, where he engaged in a
general practice. On account of his wife's health
he located in Southern California in the spring
of 1898, and after residing for a time in Pasa-
dena, settled permanently in Los Angeles. His
professional and business interests have since
been divided between the two cities, his office
in Los Angeles being in the Potomac building.
Although engaging in a general practice, ]\Ir.
Selph makes a specialty of mining and corpora-
tion law, and has been identified with some of
the most ambitious undertakings in his line dur-
ing his residence in the state.

The Roosevelt Mining and Milling Company,
of which Mr. Selph is secretary, was incorpo-
rated April 12, 190 1, the directors being S.
Washbourn, T. L. Martin, T. Lormer, J. E.
Parker, E. H. Royce, V. L. Carroll and E. E.
Selph. The officers of the company are: S.
Washbourn, president; T. L. Martin, vice-presi-
dent, and E. E. Selph, secretary. The San Ga-
briel Valley Bank is the depositary. The direc-
tors are men of high standing in the business
world of Southern California, and are trust-
worthy and conservative. The property of the
company is located in San Bernardino county,
eight miles from Ludlow, a station on the Santa
Fe Railroad, and the roads leading thereto may
be safely traversed by heavy loads at all seasons
of the year. Adjacent to the mines are the cele-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

brated John R. Gentry group of mines, from
which liave been taken thousands of dollars in
gold; also the Bagdad Mines, owned by Hon.
Chauncey Depew and others. The company is
developing their property, and the output con-
sists of gold with a small per cent of copper.

Mr. Selph is a member of the Board of Trade
in Pasadena, and of the Chamber of Commerce
in Los Angeles. While living in Oregon he be-
came identified with the Masonic fraternity some
years ago, and he is now connected with several
Masonic bodies. He was made an Odd Fellow
in Sheridan, Ore., and is now a member of Com-
mercial Lodge in Los Angeles. He is also a
member of the Woodmen of the World, the
Fraternal Brotherhood, and the Knights of the
Maccabees. Politically he is a Republican. Mr.
Selph ranks among the most able of the attor-
neys in Southern California, and is personally
one of the most popular and influential.

ELI RUNDELL. Before the days of the
forty-niners in California, Mr. Rundell had cast
in his fortunes with this great western region.
With a party numbering about seventy-five, hav-
ing thirteen wagons and other accessories, he
left St. Joe, Mo., May 8, 1846. Five months later
California was reached, and they went into camp
forty miles north of the present site of Sacra-
mento. Next they proceeded to San Jose, camp-
ing where the railroad offices now stand. As a
member of Fremont's Battalion, he witnessed
the battle of Santa Clara. After three months
of service in a local company, he secured work
in a sawmill at Santa Cruz. Later, with others,
he went to Calaveras, where he helped to build
houses. One of his vivid recollections of that
period is a hunting expedition on the San Joa-
quin, during which they killed one hundred and
fifty elk. Continuing the trip, they came to the
present site of the Newhall ranch, and thence
made their way up the coast through Santa Bar-
bara, about May, 1848.

Hearing of the discovery of gold, Mr. Rundell
hastened to the mines and at Placerville dis-
covered numerous acquaintances among the
gold seekers from the east. In 1849 he went to
Stockton, where he clerked for Captain Weber
one year. In the spring of 1850 he went to
San Jose and embarked in the livery business,
but later took up farming. In 1852 he began
the manufacture of saddle trees and saddles, for
which, in those early days, he received high
prices. He continued the same business at Gil-
roy from 1853 to 1864, after which he resided in
Watsonville one year. In September, 1866, he
came to Santa Barbara as agent for the Coast
Line Stage Company, also as manufacturer of
the harness used by the company. When the
stage lines were discontinued some sixteen 3 ears
later he turned his attention to other industries,
and since 1885 has been engaged in the harness

business. Meantime, in 1868, the stage owners
built a toll road across the mountains to Los
Olivos, and he was elected president and man-
ager of the same, which position he held until
the road was sold, in 1896.

In Locke, Cayuga county, N. Y., Mr. Rundell
was born December 14, 1828, a descendant of an
old eastern family. His father, William, and
grandfather, Eli, were natives of Connecticut,
and residents of New York and Ohio, where the
former made shoes and the latter manufactured
harness. The death of William Rundell occurred
m Republic, Seneca county, Ohio, when he was
fifty. His wife, Miranda (Mills) Rundell, was
born in Cayuga county, N. Y., and died in Ohio
in 1887. Of their seven children, the oldest, EH,
is the only one now on the coast. He was six
years of age when the family settled in Seneca
county, Ohio, and grew to manhood on a farm
there. After coming to California, he married
Kate McGee, who was born in Boston and died
in Santa Barbara in 1897, leaving three children:
Fred, of Santa Barbara; Albert, who is connected
with the Southern Pacific road, and Alice (a
twin of Albert), who is the wife of a physician
in Ukiah. In October, 1900, Mr. Rundell was
united in marriage with Mary A. Hammon, a
half sister of his first wife and a native of Boston,
Mass.

In politics a Democrat, Mr. Rundell was
elected to the council on that ticket and served
for thirteen years. During seven years of that
time, in accordance with a resolution made by all
the councilmen, he drew no salary. \Mien he
was elected to the office, not a sidewalk had been
built, and in this work he took a deep interest
from the start. He also assisted in the straight-
ening and grading of the streets and the starting
of other public improvements. In religion he is
of the Spiritualist behef. After coming to Santa
Barbara he was made a Mason in Lodge No.
192, of which he is now serving his twenty-
eighth term as treasurer, and he is also con-
nected with the chapter. The Odd Fellows,
White Rose Lodge of Rebekahs, and Mar-
guerite Chapter, Order Eastern Star, number
him among their members, and of the last-
named he was secretary for many years.

A. KINGSLEY MACOMRER. Within the
memory of men now living Africa was denom-
inated the "unknown" continent, and, aside from
the immediate vicinity of the coast, the feet of
white men had never penetrated its vast wil-
dernesses. Then came the brave and knightly
Livingstone, who made two attempts to reach
the interior from the east, and during his second
expedition died at Bangwelo. The intrepid
Stanley, with a splendid equipment of men and
necessities, made three attempts to reach the in-
terior from the north, but failed. During one

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of these expeditions his assistant, IMaloney, with
a few men, made an expedition to some distance
from the main party and succeeded in kilhng
Misiri, the king of Mahdi. On another occa-
sion the Germans sent a formidable expedition
from the west, but it was never heard from, and
its members undoubtedly perished in their ill-
fated endeavors.

At the time of the Major Allen Wilson mas-
sacre at Majuba hill, the sole survivor was Major
F. R. Burnham, and he it was who, during a
Matabele war, killed jNIolimo, the witch doctor.
His fame as an explorer had spread to England,
and when he proposed seeking to gain more
definite information concerning the interior, it
was felt that he was the man to head an impor-
tant expedition. Accordingly, when Cecil
Rhodes and the British government authorized
the formation and equipment of a company of
explorers, Mr. Burnham and Mr. Ingram were
placed at the head of the expedition, with per-
mission to draw for anything they wanted. They
accepted on the condition that they were allowed
to choose the members of the party, which was
granted them. Among those who were honored
with an invitation to accompany them was A.
Kingsley Macomber, who was at the time a
young man of twenty years, eager for adventure,
fearless, robust and active, and well equipped,
physically and mentally, for the arduous cam-
paign before him. He was born in Morristown,
N. J., March 7, 1874, and in 1883 came to Pasa-
dena, where his father, H. K. Macomber, M.
D., is one of the oldest and most influential
physicians. On accepting Mr. Burnham's in-
vitation in 1894, he went via New York and the
Canary Islands to Capetown, Africa, thence to
Pretoria. Tljo- expedition traveled by coaches
six hundred miles to Buluwayo, at one time the
home of Lobengula, whom Burnham is sup-
posed to have killed in 1893. There the ex-
pedition started on its tour of exploration. It
consisted of nine white men (all Americans),
about fifty Zulus and fifty pack animals. They
spent six months in the heart of the country,
and found a number of new tribes that hitherto
had only been heard of indirectly. Practical
value was given to their investigations by rea-
son of their surveys and maps of the interior.

One of their most difficult feats was the cross-
ing of the Zambesi river which at this point is
about a mile wide. This was accomplished after
two weeks of effort, the mode devised being the
forming of pontoons from rubber beds that
were inflated and lashed together. They were
the second white party to see Victoria Falls on
the Zambesi river, a magnificent spectacle, far
surpassing our own Niagara in grandeur and
sublimity, with the waves rushing wildly down
from a height of three hundred and seventy-five
feet, to seethe in a seeming caldron of foaming
waters. No expedition had hitherto reached the

Kafui and jNIashukulumbue rivers, nor had any
white men ever before seen the Monchoia
mountains, the highest peak of which they
named Alount Wilson in honor of ^lajor Allen
Wilson and Wilson's Peak of the San Gabriel
valley. In memory of the same distinguished
explorer and martyr. Major Wilson, Major
Burnham had erected a monument. They lo-
cated the copper fields and made other im-
portant discoveries. At every point of advance
savage tribes were to be met and subdued or
pacified. One of these, of which Mashu was the
head, was particularly fierce and bloodthirsty,
and the white men only escaped death through
the fortunate circumstance that they had plenty
of meat to give the savages, who were almost
starving. Then, when night fell, they escaped
in the darkness.

At one time Mr. Burnham and Mr. Macomber
were escaping hostilities from the northern
tribes for five days, and during that time slept
only a few hours, the rest of the time hurrying
on foot over the two hundred and fifty miles
between them and the Zambesi river. At first
eight Zulus were with them, but by the fourth
day they had all dropped out from fatigue, and
the two white men were alone, but finally they
reached the river in safety. They journeyed
around the camps of the natives, following the
southern cross by night and the sun by day. The
expedition returned to Buluwayo just before the
Jameson raid and the breaking out of the Ma-
tabele war. The English garrison had been so
greatly depleted that the natives were quick to
take advantage of the fact, and brought about a
massacre, in which about three hundred out of
the one thousand residents of the vicinity were
killed. At that time Mr. Macomber and a com-
rade, Mr. Blick of Pasadena, who had been in
the Filabusi camp fifty miles from Buluwayo,
fortunately were in town on the night of the
massacre, so their lives were saved; but the
twenty remaining in camp met a sad fate at the
hands of the natives. The white people
gathered in Buluwayo, where they were be-
sieged by the Matabeles. The little telegraph
line strung from tree to tree to Pretoria saved
them, for they got a message through to Cape-
town before the natives cut the line. The Eng-
lish wired back that they would start two thou-
sand men at once, but it would require two
months to reach them, which estimate proved
about correct, as over two months passed be-
fore relief came. Meantime the garrison was al-
most depleted of ammunition and provisions,
and the rations were one small biscuit per day to
each man, so that relief came none too soon.
After Buluwayo was relieved the expedition
disbanded and Mr. Macomber returned to Lon-
don, where he received the degree of Fellow of
the Royal Geographical Society from the im-
perial government, authorized by the Queen

(3^^<:^^t/^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and the Royal Geographical Society. The last
act of Queen Victoria was the awarding of
medals to these survivors of the Matabele war.
In December, 1896, he returned to the United
States, and for a time engaged with E. R. Kel-
1am of Los Angeles in operating the Black
Diamond coal mine at Gallup, N. M., also en-
gaged in prospecting and mining in the Cascades
and Coast range.

January 17, 1902, Mr. Macomber organized
the Los Angeles Trust Company, with a capital
stock of $1,000,000. This is the first strictly and
exclusively trust company organized in the city
and its outlook for the future is exceedingly
favorable. Associated with him in the company
are some of the most prominent capitalists and
foremost business men of Southern California.
Under the direct supervision of Mr. Macomber,
who is president of the company, an eight-story
building is now being erected on the choice
northeast corner of Second and Spring streets,
to be known as the Los Angeles Trust building.
This company ranks as one of the strongest
financial institutions of the west_, and its success-
ful future is assured by the able management.

HENRY LEWIS, one of the early pioneers
in the Cai-pinteria valley, was born near Ma-
nassas Junction, A^a., in 1830. His father was a
farmer, and Henry followed a like occupation,
although a part of his boyhood was passed in a
store in Washington, D. C. At the age of twenty
years he married Miss Chattin, of Virginia, and
he then bought a farm and began what has
proved to be his life work. He sold out all in-
terests and came to California in 1857. The next
year he went into the mines in Tuolumne
county, and after six months' experience he
came out "with rheumatism and little else," the
former of which has remained with him through
life.

In December, 1858, Mr. Lewis moved to Half
Moon Bay, and there farmed for three years. In
the spring of 1862 he came to Carpinteria valley,
purchased eighty-eight acres of land and pitched
Ills tent near where his house now stands. He
bought his property from the city of Santa Bar-
bara at $1.25 per acre, the land being wild and
uncultivated and covered with brush and live
oak trees. He drove down from Half Moon Bay
looking along for a desirable situation, and the
Carpinteria valley was the first location which
seemed practicable. He immediately began cut-
ting and clearing, and now has one of the most
complete ranch properties in the place. The
only white people then in the valley were Col.
Russel Heath and Mr. Lovvrie. As rapidly as
land was cleared he began the cultivation of
lima beans, corn and barley. In 1864 they had
a very dry year, no crops maturing and horses
and cattle dying for want of sustenance. Mr.

Lewis has since added eighty acres to his ranch,
which now numbers one hundred and sixty
acres, one hundred and fifty acres of which he
plants to lima beans, with an average crop of
two thousand pounds to the acre.

Mr. Lewis lost his first wife in February, 1863,
and in 1879 he married Mrs. Rebecca Mullin of
Cincinnati. He has seven children by his first
wife and three by his second, all living. His
handsome two-story residence, fine bams and
suitable out-buildings, all go to show the thrifty
and successful farmer, and his well-kept ranch
is significant of the prosperity which has at-
tended him.

GILBERT H. SPROUL. From the far east-
ern state of Maine, where he was born near
Windsor in April, 1830, Gilbert H. Sproul
sought the opportunities and possibilities of the
great undeveloped west. As a partner of his
brother Atwood (in whose sketch appears the
family record) he acquired possession of a large
body of unimproved land in Los Angeles county
in 1868, the purchase price of the same being
$11 an acre. While his brother continued for
some years to make Oregon his home, he himself
gave personal attention to the improvement of
the California property. December 15, 1874,
the brothers gave to the Southern Pacific Rail-
road a right of way through their land, as well
as twenty acres, on which was erected a depot
and needed equipments at Norwalk. The town
site was then surveyed just opposite the depot,
but has since been largely added to, from a
portion of their ranch of four hundred and fifty-
seven acres. The home of the family has since
been north of town.

Besides these two brothers, a third, Ephraim,
had come at the same time to California, but the
latter was killed by an Indian in Humboldt
county, Cal, and the other two had many nar-
row escapes from the savages. In December,
1870, Gilbert H. brought his family to the
ranch, and when a postoffice was established he
was appointed postmaster. In addition, he was
prominent in other afifairs connected with the
early history of the town. Under his super-
vision an artesian well was sunk which cost
$2,500 or more and which is still the source of
water supply for the village. November
20, 1864, he married Miss Anna M. Davis,
daughter of Thomas C. and Rachel D. (Carl-
ton) Davis. Her maternal grandfather was of
English extraction and served as an aide to
Washington during the Revolution. Mr. Davis
was born at Martha's Vineyard, Mass., from
which he accompanied his parents to Farming-
ton, Me., in childhood. By his own efforts he
acquired a thorough education, which he utilized
in teaching school in Maine and New York. For
some years he held office as justice of the peace.

396

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

While he possessed unusual ability, it was in the
direction of literature rather than business,
hence he gained a high standing as a man, but
did not achieve financial success. His mother
was a member of the Puritan family of Smiths.
When he was about seventy-two years of age
he came to California to visit his daughter, re-
turning later to Kansas, where he died. His
wife also died in Kansas when fifty-seven years
of age.

After having completed her education in the
schools of Farmington, Me., Anna M. Davis be-
gan to teach school, which occupation she fol-
lowed several years. Since her marriage she has
made her home in California, with the exception
of a year spent in Kansas. Of her children
Ambrose A. is engaged in horticultural pursuits
in Orange county; Hattie resides with her
mother at Norwalk; Gilbert is station agent at
Orange for the Southern Pacific Railroad; and
Frank is in the mercantile business at Downey.
Since the death of Mr. Sproul, which occurred
September 3, 1883, Mrs. Sproul has devoted her-
self to the management of the various interests
bequeathed her, including eighty acres of the
old ranch, subdivided into lots of an acre or
less. During recent years she has disposed of
many lots in Norwalk, the purchasers being
permanent settlers of a high class. Included in
her possessions is an eighty-acre tract contain-
ing two good wells; this she rents. Under the
administration of President Harrison she was
given charge of the postofifice at Norwalk and
continued to serve in the position under Cleve-
land, resigning after nine years of service. In
addition to the management of her property and
the rearing of her children, she has kept posted
in the world of literature and art, and, as a cor-
respondent for some of the Los Angeles papers,
has not only proved the possession of ability as
a news-writer, but has also kept before the
public the attractions and advantages of Nor-
walk as a desirable location for a home.

THOMAS COATES STOCKTON, M. D.
San Diego numbers among its long-established
residents this influential physician and success-
ful horticulturist, who is a pioneer of 1869. He
was born at Smiths Creek, near Sussex Vale,
New Brunswick, Canada, April 3, 1837, and
traces his ancestry to Richard Stockton, who
with his son, Richard Stockton, Jr., more than a
hundred years previous to the Declaration of
Independence, emigrated from England and set-
tled in the central part of New Jersey. In 1701
Richard Stockton, Jr., purchased of William
Penn, an estate of 5,500 acres on Stoney Brook,
of which the present city of Princeton is in the
center. He, his wife, and five children, Richard,
Samuel, Joseph, Robert, and John, were the
first residents of that name in Princeton. Hon.

Richard Stockton, one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence, was the son of
John Stockton.

Major Richard Witham Stockton of Prince-
ton, was a son of Samuel Stockton. During the
Revolution he was a major in the New Jersey
\"olunteers, known as Stockton the famous land
pilot to the King's troops. He was surprised
February 18, 1777, by Colonel Nelson of Bruns-
wick, N. J., and with fifty-nine privates, taken
prisoner. General Putnam sent him to Phila-
delphia in irons, of which Washington disap-
proved. "The Major," he said, "has, I believe,
been very active and mischievous, but we took
him in arms, as an officer of the enemy, and by
the rules of war, we are obliged to treat him as
such, and not as a felon." At the close of the
war, not finding continued residence in the
L'uited States desirable on account of his Tory
sympathies, he removed to St. John, New-
Brunswick. He was a grantee of that city and
enjoyed half pay. He died at Sussex \^ale in
that province. His son, Lieut. Andrew Hunter
Stockton, was born in Princeton, January
3, 1760, became officer of the marines in the
British navy and was twice captured and ex-
changed during the Revolutionary war, after
which he went with his father and three brothers
to St. John, New Brunswick. April 4, 1784, he
married Hannah Lester, of New York state, by
whom he had four sons and one daughter, all
whom survived both parents. He died at Sussex
Vale, May 8, 1821.

Next in line of descent was Charles Witham
Stockton, second son of Lieut. Andrew Hunter
Stockton, w'ho was born April 4, 1787, near
Sussex Vale, and became a large farmer in
that locality, also was justice of the peace many
years. He died at Smith Creek, July 12, 1869.
Thirteen children, nine sons and four daughters,
were reared of the fifteen that were born of his
marriage to Alice Coates. She was born in
New Brunswick, and died at Smith Creek, May
21, 1865, seventy-two years of age less six days.
Nine sons and six daughters survived her. She
was a consistent member of the Wesleyan So-
ciety forty years.

The youngest of the fifteen children was
Thomas C. Stockton, who was also the only one
of the large family to settle in the states. He was
educated in Mount Allison Academy, after which
he spent a year in Harvard Medical College,
Boston, Mass., and three years in the Bellevue
Hospital Medical College, from which he was
graduated in 1868. Frequently since then he
has engaged in post-graduate work in the Poly-
clinic of New York. After his graduation he
opened an office in New York City and was ap-
pointed out-door physician to the Marion Street
Lying-in Hospital. Desiring to establish his
home in a region where the climate was more
equable, he came to San Diego, and has since

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

29r

carried on a general practice, besides which he
has for four terms served as heahh oflficer of
San Diego, for many years ofiliciatcd as county
physician, for one term filled the position of
police commissioner and for seven years held
office as county coroner. After having filled the
position of United States pension examiner for
years, on the organization of the first board he
was made a member of the same and elected its
treasurer, filling the office for thirteen years.
In connection with the position of coroner, he
was ex-officio public administrator.

The practical identification of Dr. Stockton
with horticultural interests began in 1876, when
he bought an interest in a large grant and began
the improvement of an olive orchard. Of the
two hundred acres that he owns, fifty have been
planted in olives that produce abundantly. Be-
sides this property he has other farm lands in
the county. At one time he owned the site of
the Normal School and donated one-third of his
holdings there to the institution. He erected
a sanitarium on F street and still owns the
building, which is now utilized as a United
Slates army hospital. Scarcely a movement has
been projected for the benefit of San Diego that
has lacked his hearty co-operation and support.
He was interested in bringing the railroad into
the city, realizing that permanent prosperity
would be impossible without this aid to modern
civilization. The County Horticultural Asso-
ciation has received the benefit of his experience
and advice, as has also the San Diego Natural
History Association. He is corresponding mem-
ber of the Gynecological Society of Boston. In
professional organizations, his interest has been
keen and constant, and he has long been asso-
ciated with the American, State, Southern Cali-
fornia and San Diego Medical Associations. The
last-named he assisted in organizing, was chosen
its first secretary and later served as its presi-
dent. Politically he was for years an upholder
of Democratic principles, but when the party in-
serted a freesilver plank in its platform in 1896
and further declared against expansion in 1900,
he found himself no longer in sympathy with its
tenets, and now votes with the Republican party.
While living in New Brunswick he was made a
Mason in Leinster Lodge, and he has also been
identified with the Odd Fellows, being a mem-
ber of San Diego Lodge No. 153, Encampment
and Rebekalis.

The marriage of Dr. Stockton took place in
San Diego June 5, 1873, and united him with
Miss Minnie G. Slade, who was born in Bufifalo,
X. Y., July 22, 1850. She is a daughter of
Samuel Slade, who for many years served as
superintendent of schools of' Bufifalo, and was
recognized as one of the most efficient educators
of Western New York. To Dr. and Mrs. Stock-
ton have been born two children, namely:
Samuel S. and Mabel E.

FRANK GRAVES. Many of the citizens of
Los Angeles are of New England birth and
lineage, and among this class is Mr. Graves,
who was born at Marblehead, ]\Iass., on the
4th of July, 1853. His father, Benjamin T.,
who was likewise a native of Marblehead, fol-
lowed the trade of carpenter and builder and
at the same time engaged in shipbuilding. Dur=-
ing the Civil war he served both in the army
and the navy, afterward resuming the business
of a contractor in his home city. From there
in 1872 he moved to Missouri and settled on a
farm in Douglas county, where he remained
until death. He was the son of a sea captain
who sailed all over the world and died while
on a trip to the West Indies. The marriage of
Benjamin T. Graves united him with Elizabeth
Sheene, who was born in Nova Scotia and died
in Massachusetts, leaving two sons, Frank and
Benjamin, the latter now a farmer in Missouri.
Her father was a sea captain and was lost at
sea, ofif the Grand Banks, during the memorable
gale of 1847.

Inheriting from his grandfathers a taste for
the life of a sailor, Frank Graves shipped as
cabin boy on a merchant vessel, Gem of the
Ocean, which anchored at Melbourne, Austra-
lia, after a voyage of one hundred days or more.
On the same ship he proceeded to San Fran-
cisco, and on landmg there learned of the as-
sassination of President Lincoln. Later he
made three trips to Australia, returning each
time to San Francisco, and then rounded Cape
Horn to New York, and finally arrived at M.ar-
blehead after an absence of three years. He
was then only fourteen years of age, and, feel-
ing the need of a better education than he had
previously received, he entered school, where
he carried on his studies for two years. Under
his father he gained an early and thorough
knowledge of the carpenter's trade, which he
followed in St. Louis, Mo., from 1872 to 1875,
and in Springfield, Mo., from the latter year
until 1886, meantime taking up the work of a
contractor. In 1886 he came to Los Angeles,
where he built and now occupies a residence at
No. 3120 Baldwin street. With the exception
of his work in the original development of the
Los Angeles oil fields, he has given his atten-
tion exclusively to contracting and building,
and has met with success in this occupation.
Numerous residences in diflferent parts of the
city prove his skill as a builder, among these
being the home of F. W. Braun, the Salazar
residence on Twenty-eighth and Hoover streets,
the home of Mrs. M. A. Wilcox on the corner
of Hoover and Adams streets, and what is
now the Laughlin residence on West Adams
street.

While in Springfield, Mo., Mr. Graves mar-
ried Miss Ophelia Thomas, a native of New
York state. They have two sons, Sidney

298

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Thomas and Guy Hubert, the elder of whom as-
sists his father in the contracting business.

A charter member of the Builders' Exchange,
IMr. Graves has been connected actively with
this important society ever since its organiza-
tion. No movement or society for the benefit of
contractors or that will aid in his success as
a builder is overlooked by him or regarded as
of little importance. It is his ambition to excel
in his chosen occupation, and he spares no pains
and neglects no opportunity for broadening his
knowledge of contracting. At one time he was
interested in oil, being a pioneer in the Los An-
geles field, and assisted in putting down sev-
eral wells which were producers, but his interest
in these he afterward sold. The Republican
party receives his stanch support in local as well
as general elections. Besides his connection
with the Independent Order of Foresters, he is
identified with the Odd Fellows, having been
initiated into the latter order in Springfield,
Mo., where he was past noble grand and repre-
sentative of his lodge in the St. Louis conven-
tion wlien the change was made from five to
three degrees. At this writing his membership
is in the East Los Angeles Lodge and he is
also a charter member of the East Side En-
campment.

HORACE G. HAMILTON. Orwigdale
farm, ideally located on a branch of the Los
Angeles river at Ivanhoe, three miles north-
west of Los Angeles, has five hundred acres
of fine farming alfalfa and pasture land, upon
which is conducted one of the most scientific
and modern dairies in Southern California. The
milk taken into town for delivery is furnished
by as fine a herd of Jerseys as can be found
grazing upon any meadows in this sunshiny
land, and although some of the cattle belong
to other breeds, the beautiful Jersey face pre-
dominates, and among them are many heads of
registered stock. These prolific producers of
one of the most necessary commodities have
been carefully reared, and the highest standard
maintained, and for the last five years the milk
has had the highest test in the Los Angeles
health office. Mr. Hamilton established his
dairy on the farm in 1894, and in 1901 headquar-
ters were secured in the city at Nos. 211-213
North Beaudry, and a cooling plant has been
erected at each end of the line; also the milk is
iced when being conveyed into town by the
three teams and wagons. The California hos-
pital has been supplied with milk from this dairy
ever since it was started, besides many other
institutions of the kind of a local nature.

H. G. Hamilton, the genial owner of Orwig-
dale farm, and the promoter of the Hamilton
dairy, was born in Wooster, Wayne county,
Ohio, July 22, 1868, and is of Scotch paternal

extraction. His father, Thomas S. Hamilton,
was born in New Lisbon, Ohio, and his grand-
father. Judge David Hamilton, was also a native
of the same state. Judge Hamilton was a
county probate judge at New Lisbon, and after-
wards in Wayne county, and his death occurred
at Wooster, Ohio. Thomas S. Hamilton served
for three years and three months during the
Civil war, and was a member of the One Hun-
dred and Sixteenth C)hio Volunteer Infantry.
He engaged in the hotel business at Wooster,
and was proprietor of the American House,
later removing to Chicago, where he success-
fully continued his former occupation during
the World's Fair. He came to Los Angeles
with his son in 1894, and has since had charge
of Orwigdale farm, in the development of which
he has taken the greatest interest. He married
Laura Ilgenfritz, a native of Ohio, and daugh-
ter of Frank Ilgenfritz, the latter being a large
shoe manufacturer in Wooster, although he
eventually died in Missouri. Two children were
born into the family, Horace G. and Mrs. C. F.
Mickley, the latter also a resident of Los An-
geles.

After graduating from the high school, Mr.
Hamilton entered the University of Wooster
(Ohio) and was graduated from the special
course at that institution. He then removed
to Cleveland, Ohio, and became bookkeeper for
Frank Hurd & Co., a position maintained for
three years. He then filled a similar capacity
with the Merchants' Fruit Auction Company,
and in 1892 removed with his father to Chicago,
expecting large returns from a contemplated
hostelry for the entertainment of the traveling
public. The Wooster Hotel, advantageously
located on Fifty-fifth street, near the entrance
to the World's Fair grounds, more than real-
ized the expectations of its managers, and be-
came a popular headquarters for the Ohio con-
tingent visiting the city. With larger returns
than rewarded the average who undertook sim-
ilar enterprises at that hazardous time, Mr.
Hamilton disposed of his interests when Chi-
cago again assumed its normal equilibrium,
and settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where also he
managed an hotel, and where he remained until
coming to California in 1894.

The marriage of Mr. Hamilton and Susie G.
Orwig was solemnized in Cleveland, Ohio, Miss
Orwig, for whom the farm is named, being a
daughter of Rev. A. W. Orwig, a clergyman in
the Methodist Episcopal Church. During the
war Mr. Orwig was in government employ, and
is now residing in retirement in Los Angeles.
Mr. Hamilton is an active member of the South-
ern California Dairymen's Association, and has
been secretary of the same for the past two
years. He is also a member of the Jersey
Breeders' Association and vice-president of
the Los Angeles Milk Board of Trade. He is

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

also a member of the Ohio Society of Southern
California. Fraternally he is associated with
the Royal Arcanum and the Ancient Order of
United Workmen. With his wife he is a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr.
Hamilton is well fitted to represent the ideal
dairy conditions of Southern California, for his
trained intelligence has grasped the surround-
ing possibilities and turned them to the best
possible account. In other ways also he is
public spirited and enterprising, and his success
from a commercial and social standpoint is
based upon merit and ability of a high order.

J. W. TAGGART. One of the most capable
exponents of legal science in Southern Califor-
nia is J- W. Taggart, a resident of Santa Bar-
bara since 1882, and one of the town's most
honored and helpful citizens. He was born in
Parkersburg, W. Va., and is second in a family
containing four sons and two daughters, of
wliom three sons and one daughter are now liv-
ing. During the years of bitter persecution in
Scotland the Clan McTaggart numbered among
its members those who rebelled at the religious
intolerance in their native land, and sought and
found an asylum in County Antrim, Ireland,
where they were among the well known Orange-
men. In the Irish province the paternal grand-
father, James Taggart, was born. He was a
seafaring man, and upon engaging in transport-
ing cargoes between Glasgow and Montreal,
Canada, made his headquarters in the Canadian
city, finally giving up the sea and for a time
making that his home. His declining years
were spent in Wheeling, W. Va., where he en-
gaged in farming and stock-raising, and where
lie died at an advanced age. A Presbyterian in
Ireland, he became an Episcopalian in America,
and was buried after the rites of his adopted
church.

Col. George Washington Taggart, the father
of J. W., was born in Montreal, Canada, and
went to Wheeling, W. Va., when a child. He
was educated in Virginia, and at an early age
decided upon the law as a means of a livelihood.
As a preliminary, he read law under Mr. Kirk-
Aood, then of Mansfield, Ohio, later United
States secretary of the interior, and was ad-
mitted to the Ohio bar. However, possessing a
decided talent for mechanical engineering, he
became master mechanic for the Baltimore &
Ohio (then the North West Virginia) Railroad
Company, with headquarters at Parkersburg.
W. \'a.. and remained in this capacity until the
Civil war. To further the cause of the Union
he raised Company D. Fourteenth West Y'n-
ginia Volunteer Infantry, of which he was cap-
tain, and later served as lieutenant-colonel on
Gen. George Crook's staff. Eventually he was
made provost-marshal of the department of

West Virginia, and served as such until the close
of the war. With the restoration of peace he re-
turned to Parkersburg and engaged in the mer-
cantile business, but is now living in retirement.
He has held many local political offices in the
past, and is at present a member of the Loyal
Legion. In the Grand Army of the Republic he
is an ex-grand commander of the department of
West Virginia, having occu])ied that position
during the year 1887. He is a member of the
Methodist Church, as is also his wife, Eliza
(Hines) Taggart, who was born in county Gal-
way, Ireland, her parents having been farmers
in the west of Ireland.

The education of J. W. Taggart was acquired
in the public schools of Parkersburg. W. Va.,
and after graduating from the high school he
for a year attended the West Virginia College at
Flemington. Later he combined educational
work with the study of law, his first professional
researches being conducted under the capable
leadership of C. C. Cole, judge of the district
court of the District of Columbia. He was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1880, came to California in
1881, and located in Santa Barbara in 1882,
where for two years he was manager for the
Dimmick, Sheflield & Knight F'ruit Company.
In 1885 he undertook the practice of law as a
partner of Judge E. B. Hall, the first attorney-
general of West Virginia, and in 1889 began
independent practice. In 1893 he formed a part-
nership with John J. Boyce, which was amicably
continued until the election of the latter to the
state senatorship, after which Mr. Taggart con-
tinued to practice alone. He has been promi-
nently identified with Republican political mat-
ters in the west, is ex-meniber of the county
committee, and was secretary of the same for ten
years, and he has also served on the congres-
sional committee of which he was chairman, be-
sides being a delegate to state conventions for
several years. For four years he served as a
member and president of the school board, and
during that time the advance was made of in-
corporating the kindergarten and manual train-
ing school into the public school system. This
was the first undertaking of the kind in the west,
and Santa Barbara has now the finest Sloyd
school on the coast, the school building aiid
equipment having been presented by Miss .Xnna
S. C. Blake. Mr. Taggart was a member of the
first board of fifteen freeholders, and also of the
second board of freeholders, each of which
formed a city charter, the charter of the latter
being eventually endorsed by the legislature.
During i886 and 1887 he was assistant district
attorney, and at the general election held in
1898 was the Republican candidate for judge
of the superior court of Santa Barbara county.
He was chosen captain of the camp of the .Sons
of \eterans, and later served for one term in
the naval re.serve of Santa Barbara. Fraternally

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

he is associated with the Masonic Lodge No.
192, of Santa Barbara, and the Royal Axch
Masons, and lie is a charter member of the
Santa Barbara Benevolent Protective Order of
Elks.

The marriage of Mr. Taggart and Kathrnic
Payne occurred in Los Angeles, Airs. Taggart
being a native of Pennsylvania. Of this union
there are three children, James Deacon, Elise
and Kathrine. Airs. Taggart is a member of the
Episcopal Church.

A. V. CREGIE.R. One of the most success-
ful of the builders and contractors who are re-
sponsible for the beautiful homes and fine pub-
lic buildings of Pasadena is A. V. Cregier, of
the firm of Hess & Cregier, and one of the old-
est in his line in the city. The career of Mr.
Cregier has been an exceptionally active one,
and to enumerate his undertakings in California
alone is to lay claim to more than is accom-
plished in the "average life. Upon hi:; arrival in
Pasadena December 9, 1886, he purchased a lot
andbuilt himself a home.and at onceentered into
plans for building and contracting. Through-
out the city he has built hundreds of residences,
including the Green and Earl homes, and has
extended his activities into many of the sur-
rounding towns. In La Canada, Lamanda Park
and Altadena especially there are numerous evi-
dences of his skill and artistic appreciation. It
may be said that while he has erected some pub-
lic buildings, his specialty seems to lie in the
construction of residences, and upon this line of
work his reputation is chiefly based.

Much of his success in life Air. Cregier attrib-
utes to the early training received at the hands
of an exceptional mother, whoso, lovable and
honest traits of character are recalled with pride
by the children who survive her. She was for-
merly Hannah Yan Wanken, a native of Clifton
Park. X. Y., and daughter of Abraham, also
born in New York, and of Holland descent.
The father of Air. Cregier, Jacob Cregier, was
born in Holland, and settled in Schenectady
county, N. Y., with his parents. He was a
large farmer during his years of activity, and
spent the remainder of his life in his adopted
locality in New York. To himself and wife were
born seven children, six of whom are living,
A. V. being the only son In the family, and the
only child on the Pacific coast.

In Schenectady county, N. Y., A. V. Cregier
was born July 29, 1851. and while yet a small
1)oy learned the carpenter's trade. He w-as a
natural mechanic, and his mother took justifia-
ble interest in his progress, encouraging and
helping him to succeed. When eighteen and a
half years old he served an apprenticeship of
three years in Schenectad>'. following which he
removed to Washington, D. C. and in govern-
ment employ helped to build the .Smithsonian

Institute and the Eisheries building under Colo-
nel AIcDonald. He then settled in Xew York
City and assumed charge of the carpentering de-
partment of the Alethodist Book concern on
North Broadway, and later had charge of one
hundred and eight tenement houses owned by
Charles Sager Appleby. He also ran a screen
manufactory and job shop on One Hundred and
Thirty-third street in Harlem, N. Y., and had all
that he could do to supply customers that pat-
ronized his little establishment, for a period
covering five years, or until his removal tu
Pasadena in 1886.

Through his marriage to Libbie Baldwin, in
Saratoga, N. Y., seven children have been born
into the family of Air. Cregier, three of whom
are living, Alabel Edna, Hannah Caroline, and
Glenn. Air. Cregier was formerly a Repub-
lican, but has been a Prohibitionist since 1896.
Fraternally he is connected with the Woodmen
of the World. He has been a member of the
Alethodist Episcopal Church for thirty years
and in the east w-as superintendent of a Sun-
day-school. Aside from his regular occupation,
he has numerous interests in Pasadena, all of
which have been successful, and have added to
his substantial financial standing. He is a stock-
holder in the Bisbee Belle mine at Bisbee, Ariz.,
and he also holds stocks in several oil concerns.
He is progressive and enterprising, and occu-
pies an honored position in the community of
which he has long been a resident.

JULIUS FRANCIS HALL. After years of
successful identification with the building inter-
ests of Denver and of Colorado, Mr. Hall came
to Los Angeles in November, 1892, and has
since engaged in contracting and building,
being for a period of six years a member of the
firm of Hall & Dryden, but since June, 1900,
alone in business. Among his contracts may
be mentioned the following: Delaware. Gordon
and Fitzwilliam blocks. Crane Alanufacturing
Company's building, Howe building, the re-
modeling of the Callahan block and Elks Hall,
the addition to California Hospital, the erection
of R. J. Northam's block and warehouse, Shat-
tuck & Desmond's warehouse, the Perry mill,
the Thompson residence at Sixth and Bonnie
Brae streets, and the residence of Rev. A. C.
Smither, pastor of the First Christian Church.
In addition to these and many other buildings,
he has erected a number of houses for himself
in different parts of the city, but these he has
sold, with the exception of his residence at Al-
hambra.

Air. Hall was born in Youngsville, Pa., Oc-
tober 6, 1853, a son of J. L. and Cornelia A.
(Camp) Hall, natives of New York state. His
paternal grandfather w-as from Alassachusetts.
but moved to New York, and there the father
grew to manhood on a farm. Being next to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

303

the oldest of a large family, the support of the
others fell upon him after his father's death.
For about four years he engaged in the plumb-
ing and hardware business at Youngsville, Pa.,
but later was a business man of Jamestown,
N. Y., for many years, and until his death. His
wife also died in that city. She was a daughter
of ]\Iilo Camp, a New England pioneer of New
York, and in 1854, a pioneer of Minnesota,
where he served as probate judge of his county.
His brother, Anson Northrup, took the first
steamboat up the Mississippi river.

The oldest of a family of two sons and one
daughter, Julius Francis Hall was thrown upon
his own resources when only eight years of
age, and at first was errand boy in a store, later
became clerk and then bookkeeper. However,
he did not neglect his education, but by the
lime he was twelve he had worked his way
through the higher arithmetic, and later he
studied two years in a college at Jamestown.
In April, 1870, he left his old home and went to
Cheyenne, Wyo., where he clerked in a store.
.\ugust 9, 1872, found him in Denver, where
he found employment. In the fall he accom-
panied a surveying corps to Clear Creek county
as far as Idaho Springs and Georgetown, and
^vhile there he became interested in the saw-mill
business. With Henry Wilson, he engaged in
manufacturing lumber, and in 1876 he operated
a lumber yard at Georgetown. At the time of
the "boom" in Leadville, he went there, in Feb-
ruary, 1879, and engaged in contracting and
building. Misfortune came to him while liv-
ing there, as he lost $10,000 through forest
fires. When the exposition opened in Denver,
in 1882, he went to that city, but soon returned
lo saw-milling in Clear Creek county. Later
ho went to Fort Garland and for two years
conducted a ranch, after which he resumed con-
tracting in Denver and had the contracts for
numerous fine residences on Capitol Hill.

At Floyd Hill, Colo., Mr. Hall married Miss
Martha A. Wilson, who was born in Ontario,
Canada, and in 1873 accompanied her parents
to Colorado. They became the parents of four
children, namely; Arthur Henry, who died in
Colorado at the age of eighteen years; Flor-
ence R., Grace A. and Martha M., at home.
Mrs. Hall is a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church. In national politics Mr. Hall
is a stanch Republican. From the reorganiza-
tion of the Builders Exchange he has been one
<'f its active members and is now serving as
second vice-president and member of the board
of directors. He is a charter member of the
j^Iaster Builders' Association. While living in
Georgetown he was initiated into the Order of
Odd Fellows, and is now past officer in East
Side Lodge No. 325, which he has represented
in the grand lodge. In the East Side Encamp-
ment he is past high priest. While in Denver lie

was identified with the Canton and at one time
he also affiliated with the Order of Rebekahs.

C. M. HANSEN. In the ancient and popu-
lous town of Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein,
Germany, C. M. Hansen was born December
28, 1863, his parents being Hans and Dorothea
(Jensen) Hansen, natives respectively of Nes-
tive Zieland, Denmark, and Angen, Schleswig-
Holstein. After the death of the father, which
occurred in Flensburg while he was still a
young man, the mother cared for and reared
the children, preparing them for useful and
honorable positions in the world. There were
four in the family, and two of these, C. M. and
Theodore, came to California, the latter be-
ing now a landscape gardener in Pasadena.
The mother also came to Pasadena, and re-
mained here until her death, in 1898.

When fifteen years of age C. M. Hansen be-
came an apprentice to the trade of a cabinet-
maker, which he completed in his native town.
During 1881 he crossed the ocean and settled
m Buffalo, N. Y., where he followed his trade
for six years, as an employe of the firm of Mil-
ler, Brown & Messmer, and making a specialty
of interior hardwood finishings. From Buffalo
in 1887 he came to California, settling in Pasa-
dena, where he was engaged as a cabinetmaker
with the Pasadena Manufacturing Company. A
year later he went to San Francisco, where he
was engaged in stair-building for twelve
months, and afterward for eighteen months he
was foreman for J. Norris, in the building of
several churches. His next location was Mo-
desto, Stanislaus county, where for a year he
followed contracting and building. On his re- .
turn to Pasadena in 1894, he took up contract-
ing which he has since carried on, and since
1901 has had C. H. Towle as a partner. Among
his contracts are those for the residences of J.
Si. Kiehl, Mrs. Flora L. Bland, J. P. Baumgart-
ner, and the Jones and Wooster residences.
Aside from his connection with the Woodmen
cf the World, he is not interested in fraternal
organizations, nor has he been active in poli-
tics. While living in Buffalo he married Miss
Alma Hildegard Pohle, who was born in Sax-
ony, Germany. They are the parents of four
children, Theodore, Elsa, Arthur and Arnold.

HERMANN HAASE. More than thirty of
the palatial homes in the city of Los Angeles
have been constructed by Hermann Haase, one
of the most capable of the contractors and build-
ers of Los Angeles. Nor do these represent the
sum of his labors in this beautiful town, for
many public edifices have arisen under his
guidance, among which may be mentioned the
Lindley block on the corner of Main and Six-
teenth street. Special examples of his skill in
the residence line are the Rice residence, on

304

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Wilshire Boulevard, the Turner home on Wash-
ington street, the Price house on Seaverancc
street, and others equally meritorious.

Like many of his countrymen who have be-
come expert builders, Mr. Haase learned his
trade at a comparatively early age, and was
apprenticed, when fourteen years of age, for
three years. He was born in the province of
Brandenburg, Germany, November 23, 1858,
and is a son of Julius and Caroline (Koenig)
Haase, natives also of Brandenburg. The
father was a miner during his active life, and
passed nis days in the land associated with the
deeds of his ancestors. Of the six children in
the family all are living. Hermann Haase being
the second oldest child.

The youth of Mr. Haase was spent for the
greater part in Berlin, and it was in this great
city that he learned his trade, and from the
gates of which he departed upon an extensive
jaunt through the country as a journeyman
carpenter. He visited different parts of Ger-
many, France, Switzerland and Austria, and in
1884 came to the United States, locating in
Galveston, Texas. He was fairly successful in
the southern city and remained there until his
removal to Los Angeles in 1887. A large field
seems to have been awaiting him, for work came
his way in a short time and continued with un-
abating vigor until 1887. He then felt justified,
by reason of his large acquaintance and secure
footing, in starting in to build and contract,
since which time the before mentioned under-
takings have been accomplished.

Before leaving his native land Mr. Haase
Tnarried, in Berlin, with Caroline Voss, a native
of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and of this union
there have been five children: Freda, who is
now Mrs. Hoffman, of Los Angeles; Bertha;
Ella; Julius; and Hilda. Fraternally Mr. Haase
is associated with the K. O. T. M., Los Angeles
Tent No. 2. Until that organization was discon-
tinued he was a member of the Master Builders
Association, and he was formerly a member of
the Builders Exchange. He had been prominent
in promoting many worthy enterprises through-
out the city, and has had interests in several
lines of activity represented in Southern Cali-
fornia. Mr. Haase is a successful builder and
admirable citizen, and has formed many desir-
able friendships in the city of his adoption.

JOHN HAYES. Since establishing his home
in Los Angeles in 1887, Mr. Hayes has been
active and influential in building circles. He
was born in North Wrentham, Mass., ^lay 30,
1858, being the only child of Matthew Hayes,
who removed from Massachusetts to Chicago,
111., in 1872 and was afterward engaged in the
building business in that city until his death.
Shortly after the family settled in Chicago. John
Hayes secured em|)loynient with J. N. .Adams,

a wholesale commission man on South Water
street. Two years later he was apprenticed to
the bricklayer's trade under L. L. Leach, a gov-
ernment contractor, with whom he remained
until the spring of 1876, when he came to Cali-
fornia. A visit to Los Angeles revealed that
then sleepy Spanish town unawakened from the
slumber of centuries, and therefore little activ-
ity was to be found m building circles. For
several months he worked at his trade in San
I'rancisco, after which he was similarly occupied
in Portland and other parts of the northwest,
but for a few weeks only.

The first trip of the Zealandia from San
Francisco to Sydney, Australia, was undertaken
May 24, 1876, and J^Ir. Hayes was one of the
passengers. After four weeks in Sydney he
went to Melbourne and various parts of Vic-
toria and New South Wales, and from there,
in 1878, he proceeded to Wellington, New Zea-
land, where he worked at his trade for eight
months. A pioneer in the building business,
he assisted in the erection of the second, third
and fourth brick structures put up in the capi-
tal town of New Zealand. From Melbourne he
set sail on the Kent, which passed through the
Suez canal and Mediterranean sea to London
and from that city he proceeded to New York
on the Baltic. After a visit in Massachusetts,
he returned to Chicago, where he was employed
in the Adams commission house for two years,
when he resumed work at his trade in the new
town of Pullman. A later venture was as a con-
tractor, with a specialty of pressed brick fronts,
and during the five seasons of his work he
erected over one mile of frontage each year.
A severe attack of bronchitis in the fall of 1887
was the thing which led him to return to the
city of Los Angeles and its genial climate once
more. After his arrival he soon secured em-
ployment with C. Collins, a pioneer builder,
and worked for him on the United States cus-
tom house and postoffice, the Tenth Street
Hotel, gas works and numerous other old-time
landmarks. As foreman for D. Kilpatrick, he
had charge of the San Bernardino High School,
jail and other work. In 1892 he engaged with
Mackey & Young, general contractors, after-
ward on the outfall sewer to the ocean, the State
Normal School, Whittier Reform School and
many other minor jobs until 1895, when he
branched out for himself on the Davies ware-
house, the White, Hickson and Kreim build-
ings on F"irst street. Frankenfield and Grant
buildings on Broadway, Wieland Bottling
Works, State Normal School in San Diego, all
buildings, the Salt Lake freight house, George
Ralph building. Tod Ford building on Broad-
way near Fifth, and Conservative Life Building
on Third and Hill streets, besides other large
work in connection with B. Lantry Sons on the
."^anta Fe Railroad, which has been done with

1/ (^7y o(^>c^-^^^^^(^^

iA/1/^C^A^^Ji^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

309

credit to himself and those connected with him.
In the Builders' Exchange he is a member of
l!ie board of directors. Besides his activities
in the building business, he has been interested
in the development of the Los Angeles oil field
and owns some good wells on his property. His
connection with Masonry dates from his initia-
tion in the South Gate Lodge of this city, and
he is also a member of the Royal Arcanum.
In politics he is a Republican and always sup-
ports party principles. His marriage, in Los
Angeles, united him with Miss Kittie Schindler,
who was born in Canton Glarus, Switzerland.
Of their union five children were born, namely:
Eunice, John, Jr., Kittie, George and Florence.

THEODORIC C. SEVERANCE. Though
of remote French extraction, the Severance fam-
ily came to America from England, and several
successive generations have been identified with
the history of Massachusetts. In that state, at
Old Shelburne, Theodoric Cordenio Severance
was born March i, 1814, a son of Dr. David
Severance, a practicing physician through all of
his active life, and Diana (Hoyt) Severance.
When a young man, fortified by excellent home
training and education, the son went to Cleve-
land, Ohio, where he was employed in a bank,
and subsequently he was teller in the Bank of
Auburn (New York), of which his wife's uncle,
James S. Seymour, was the president. On his
return to Cleveland, he accepted a position in
a leading bank, and later became cashier of the
Canal Bank of Cleveland, where he continued
until 1855. An important position as an ofificcr
in the North Bank of Boston induced him to
return to Massachusetts, where he continued
until the outbreak of the Civil war, accepting an
appointment as collector of the customs at Port
Royal, S. C. At the close of the war he returned
to Boston, where he remained until his removal
to the Pacific coast, in July, 1875.

Shortly after establishing his home in Los
Angeles, Mr. Severance, together with H. D.
Barrows, assisted in organizing the first Horti-
cultural Society of Southern California, in which
he became one of the first officers. During the
year of his arrival in California, he purchased
ten acres on what is now West Adams street,
one of the most choice residence portions of
Los Angeles. On this land he laid out Sever-
ance street and disposed of a large part of the
land; but retained several acres as a homestead,
and the residence now occupied by Mrs. Sev-
erance. In the parlors of this house were held
the first Unitarian services in the city, these
being under the charge of Rev. John D. Wells,
of Quincy. Mass. .\fter several meetings, an
organization was effected, and in the building
up of a church for this congregation, both Mr.
and Mrs. Severance were deeply interested.

being for some years members of the original
board of trustees.

Among the philanthropies which received the
benefit of counsel and assistance from Mr. Sev-
erance was the Los Angeles Orphan Asylum, in
the organization of which he assisted, subse-
quently filling the position of treasurer, Mrs.
Frank A. Gibson holding office as secretary. All
through the early days of its history, when its
struggles for existence were keen, he continued
to be its friend and helper, and finally had the
satisfaction of seeing it become a large and pros-
perous institution. Like a majority of the resi-
dents of Massachusetts, he was, before and dur-
ing war times, a stanch Abolitionist, a member
of "the Free Soil and Liberty parties, and later the
Republican. Being to some extent a man of
leisure during the latter half of his life, he was
able to associate himself with charitable move-
ments to a degree that was impossible in his
earlier years, and in a quiet and unostentatious
way he contributed largely of his menus and
time to worthy philanthropies. In addition to
his purchase of city property, he acquired, with
members of his family, a large holding in San
Bernardino county, comprising two Spanish
leagues (over nine thousand acres), embracing a
large part of what is now known as the Muscu-
piabe ranch; six thousand acres of this holding,
lying three miles north of the city of San Ber-
nardino, still belongs to the family.

The death of Mr. Severance occurred October
12, 1892. Two years before that he and his wife
had celebrated their golden wedding, at which
time relatives and friends had gathered at their
residence to congratulate them uoon the attain-
ment of this auspicious day. Their marriage
was one of mutual helpfulness and service. To
an unusual degree they were fitted each to pro-
mote the other's happiness. Both were edu-
cated, cultured and refined; possessing those
qualities of mind and heart that enable men and
women to be of service to the world. Mrs. Sev-
erance was formerly Caroline M. Seymour, of
Auburn, N. Y., born in Canandaigua. that state,
of Scotch and Dutch descent. Her father, Or-
son Seymour, a native of Hartford, Conn., was
for years, before his death, in 1825. a banker at
Canandaierua. Her mother, Caroline M., was
born in New York City, a daughter of Dr. Peter
Clarke, a surgeon in the war of 1812, and for
years a practicing physician of New York City
and a member of the stafT of the first hospital
establislied there. Air. Clarke was born in Mil-
ton, Conn., to which point his parents had re-
moved from Glasgow. Scotland; his -wife was a
Miss Fischer, of a Knickerbocker family of New
York, of Holland-Dutch descent. Mrs. Caro-
line M. Seymour died in Buffalo, N. Y.. leaving
two daughters and a son. namely: Caroline M.,
Mrs. Severance; J. O., of Los Angeles, and Har-
riette E., Mrs. Flenrv Ivison, who died in New

310

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

York in 1894. By the marriage of Mr. and Mrs.
Severance five children were born, of whom
three survive, namely: J. Seymour, of San Fran-
cisco; Mark Sibley,' of Los Angeles; and Mrs.
Julia S. Burrage, o'f Boston, Mass. The young-
est son, Pierre Clarke, who, like his brothers,
received the advantages of study in Harvard Col-
lege, died in Boston m 1889.

While making her home in Ohio Mrs. Sever-
ance became one of the early advocates of
Woman's Suffrage and from that time to the
present she has been earnest in her advocacy of
the movement. In 1854 Mrs. Severance deliv-
ered the first address by a woman before the
Young Men's Mercantile Library Association of
Cleveland; and during the next few years was
asked to repeat her address on "Humanity: a
Definition and a Plea" (which covered logically
the unpopular Woman's Rights questions) in
cities of Ohio, Xew York, and later in Boston,
before Theodore Parker's Fraternity lecture
course. She organized, m 1868. the Xew Eng-
land Woman's Club, in Boston, which is claimed
to be the first organization under the club title
and method in our country, although very near
in date to the New York Sorosis. After coming
to Los Angeles she organized the first Woman's
Club in this city and officiated as president of
the same: later also acting as president of the
Friday Morning Woman's Club. For one term
she was a member of the Library Board. Be-
lieving most thoroughly in the kindergarten
movement, as expounded by Froebel and other
pioneers of the system, she has always been an
advocate and supporter of it. During 1878 she
started the first Free Kindergarten Association
in Los Angeles, and until recently has been its
president. Largely through the labors of this
organization, after a struggle lasting many
years, the kindergarten was made a part of the
public school system. However, the association
is still continued for the benefit of children under
the age required by the state law.

Mrs. Severance has been a close student of the
trend of modern thought, and of the relations
between labor and capital. Indeed, she is ac-
quainted with these topics to a degree unusual
among those not engaged in actual business.
Intensely interested in Christian Socialism as
the apjjlication of the Golden Rule to daily life
and public relations, she believes that the wisest
statesmanship is that which prepares to meet
the crisis now upon us in our industrial condi-
tions, and so avert a violent catastrophe. Like
all those who truly love our country, she de-
sires to promote those measures which make
for its upbuilding antl the permanent prosperity,
not merely of a few, but of all its citizens. Ad-
vancing years have brought no weakening of
her mental powers, but, with faculties preserved
and heart mellowed by the passine of the years,
she devotes the twilight of her life, as she de-

voted its afternoon, to promoting movements
that will help and bless mankind.

FERDINAND NIEMANN. In the prov-
ince of Hanover, Germany, where he was born
March 20, 1853, Ferdinand Niemann grew to
manhood upon a farm and received the advan-
tages of study in the national schools and gym-
nasiums. During the process of the Franco-
Prussian war, in 1870, he volunteered in the
Prussian army, and served for a year in the Third
Regiment Infantry, Guard Corps, at Hanover,
after which, in June, 1871, he crossed the ocean
to America. For a year he remained in New
York City, and in 1872 proceeded to Texas,
v>here his brother still makes his home. During
the years that followed, until 1887, he was prin-
cipally occupied in teaming, by which, together
with farmmg, he accumulated a competence.

On coming to Los Angeles in 1887. Mr. Nie-
mann began taking cement contracts, and has
since continued in this business, having orders
for work in Santa Monica, Pasadena, Santa Bar-
bara, Los Angeles, Long Beach and many other
towns of Southern California. In Santa Alonica
he built the foundation for the United Electric
Compatiy's plant; also the sixteen-foot wide
sidewalk which extends fifteen hundred feet
along the ocean front. In Santa Barbnra he built
the foundation of the United Electric Com-
pany's engine and power plant ; also the founda-
tion for bath house and plunge bath for the
same company in Long Beach, which was the
most difficult feat of its kind ever executed on
the coast, .-\mong his Los Angeles contracts
have been the following; the walk on the Broad-
way tunnel; West Adams Heights; many con-
tracts for concrete sidewalks, and the founda-
tion for the Sale Lake Railroad depot and con-
crete work for the same. He has his office
at No. 244 South Broadway and his residence
at No. 1354 Union avenue. Uniform satisfac-
tion has been given by his work, and his pains-
taking skill and watchful oversight invariably
secure the most accurate results. Besides
being a member of the Chamber of Commerce,
he is secretary and director of the Cement Con-
tractors' Association, in the organization of
which he assisted. Politically he is a Repub-
lican and in fraternal relations a member of the
Maccabees. In his family there are tliree sons
and one daughter.

ALLAN ERASER. A portion of the estate
upon which Mr. Eraser lives was formerly
owned by his uncle Donald Eraser who was one
of the pioneers of Ventura county and a wharf
builder by occupation. An expert in his line,
his services were in demand all along the coast,
and he constructed wharves at Santa Barbara,
Santa Monica and San Francisco, and accumu-
lated quite a fortune from his various enter-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

311

prises. The great bank failure in San Francisco,
however, seriously crippled him financially. He
afterward turned his attention to the manage-
ment of his splendid ranch, the principal indus-
try of which was fruit raising. In spite of his
successes he led a somewhat lonely life and
never married, and at his death in 1890 the
property reverted to the heirs, of whom Allan
Fraser was one.

The father of Allan Fraser, Thomas by name,
was one of the heirs of the wharf builder, and
came to California in 1889 with his wife and
eight children, Allan, Silas, Christine, John,
Grant, Lizzie, Ella and Daniel. He built him-
self and family a fine residence in 1891, but did
not long enjoy his home upon his brother Don-
ald's estate, for his death occurred in 1895. The
children all live upon the ranch, as does the
mother, who was before her marriage Mary
Jane McPhee of Nova Scotia. Seventy acres of
the property is planted wdth fruits and walnuts,
the walnuts having been planted thirteen years
ago by the uncle, Donald, and the apricots eight
years ago by the father and his oldest son,
Allan. The latter added to the original land in
1899 by the purchase of three hundred and
twenty additional acres, so that the property
now aggregates six hundred and forty acres.
Of this one half belongs to Allan Fraser, three
hundred acres to the mother and twenty acres
to Silas. It is all under cultivation, and a por-
tion is irrigated by the \'entura Water, Light
and Power Company, eighty-five acres alone
being planted in beans, an unusually large crop
for this part of the county.

In 1893 Mr. Fraser married Louise, daughter
of Ambrose Prientener, of Switzerland, and of
this union there are four children, Ida, Willie,
Robert and Margaret. Mr. Fraser built a com-
modious home for his family in 1899, the ex-
terior constructed with reference to a fine ap-
pearance and the interior fitted with all modern
conveniences. In politics he is a Democrat, but
as regards local elections independent. His
wife is a member of the Roman Catholic Church
and his mother affiliates with the Presbyterian
denomination.

WILLIAM HENDERSON. As one who
has evolved advanced theories on the subject of
plumbing and general sanitation, the name of
William Henderson is known from the Atlantic
to the Pacific ocean. Did not his former splen-
did services in connection with the city of Bos-
ton entitle him to appreciation, the fact that in
the brain of the humble and obscure pluinber's
apprentice was conceived the system of plumb-
ing now adopted in all of the principal cities of
the United States would place him at the head
of those humane benefactors and social scien-
tists who have met the problem of municipal
cleanliness and therefore municipal health.

In the fashioning of his worthy career Mr.
Henderson has striven unaided from either the
standpoint of money or influence, for his earli-
est fortunes were allied to responsibility and
the necessity for caring for himself and a large
family. For the first twenty years of his life
he was reared in Glasgow, Scotland, where he
was born May 21, 1844, the scion of an old
Scottish family who had long held their own in
the marts of- trade. The paternal grandfather,
James, was born in Shettleston, Lanarkshire,
and was a hand loom weaver by occupation, an
inlustry engaged in by many of his forefathers.
His son, another James, the father of William,
was also a native of Shettleston, near Glasgow,
and in his youth learned the art of hand loom
weaving from his father. Afterwards branch-
ing out into the mercantile business in Glas-
gow, he manufactured sewed muslin, and also
became a wholesale shipper and ship-owner on
the Clyde, engaging principally in the Medi-
terranean trade. He was a inan of varied and
vital interests, and in 1832 was one of the lead-
ers in the Chartist agitation in Glasgow, the
members of which w^ere armed and prepared to
fight Great Britain, should that country ignore
the demand for a Reform Bill. Fortunately for
future events, the government yielded, and this
circumstance is recognized as the beginning of
the British liberal party. The breadth of mind
of Mr. Henderson and the humanitarian na-
ture of his instincts were best illustrated by his
attitude in regard to the slavery question in
the United States, during w'hich he sided most
emphatically with the cause of the Union. He
was not unfamiliar with this land of large pos-
sibility, for in 1847, accompanied by two of his
wife's brothers, and his ow'n son James, he
traveled over a considerable portion of the
eastern states, and it may have been the reflec-
tion of his appreciation of the chances here
represented which caused him in later years
to advise his son, William, not to waste his time
in Great Britain, but to go to America. Mr.
Henderson was a member of the Presbyterian
Lhurch, and his death occurred in April of
1S65, at the age of sixty-four years. The hand-
loom weaving industry was an occupation also
on the maternal side of the house, for the
mother of William Henderson, formerlv Tanet
Martin, a native also of Lanarkshire, ' w"as a
daughter of William Martin, a hand loom
weaver. James Martin, the son of William,
was a member of the city council, and a judge
on the bench of Glasgow for twenty years, and
because of his radical rulings and wise decisions
attained to great celebrity. He was an extreme
radical, and one of the 'leaders of the Chartist
party, and his ability and fame also were
handed down for safe keeping to his son, James
Henderson Martin, who is following in the
judicial footsteps of his distinguished sire. Mrs.

312

HISTORICAL ANDi BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Henderson, who died when comparatively a
young woman, was the mother of nine children,
of whom William is the only one living.

When twelve years of age, William began a
six years' apprenticeship as a plumber, and
after completing his trade found a position
awaiting him in Liverpool, England, as fore-
man of a large plumbing concern. In 1865
he returned to Glasgow as foreman in the shop
where he had formerly been an apprentice, later
taking a trip to Dublin, Ireland, but eventually
returning to his former position in Liverpool.
In 1873 he came to America and located in New
York City, intending to there follow his trade,
but owing to the panic of that year removed
to Boston, which happened to be the same year
as the great fire. He secured a position in a
large shop, and the thought and intelligent ap-
plication which he haJ bestowed upon his trade
won for him almost immediate recognition as a
man of more than ordinary resource. In 1876
he did the plumbing of Wellesley College, and
of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
but the first practical test of the system devised
by him in 1862, while an apprentice, was on
the residence of Hon. E. L. Philbrick. This
system is known as an anti-syphon air-pipe sys-
tem of plumbing, with disconnecting trap be-
tween sewer and dwelling. This was placed in
all of the palatial homes of Back Bay, Boston,
and in the public buildings, and impressed the
excellence of the system not only upon the
city oiihcials, but upon government representa-
tives, so that Mr. Henderson was employed
by the nation to submit tests of his theory be-
fore the United States National Board of Health
at the Mechanics Fair Building in Boston in
1882.

Owing to the strenuous nature of his life in
Boston, Mr. Henderson becarue conscious of
a limit to his endurance, and realized the de-
sirability of a change of climate and associa-
tions. He therefore chose California as cli-
matically and commercially in his favor, and
upon locating in Los Angeles in 1884 started a
plumbing business on the corner of Main and
Third streets. In 1892 he bought the ground
and built his present business place, which is
50x60 feet in ground dimensions; and located
on the corner of West Adams and Magnolia
streets. The business is now conducted under
the firm name of William Henderson & Sons,
and among the buildings and residences in Los
Angeles which have been fitted out by them
may be mentioned the following: the residences
of General Chafifce, Mrs. Kelley, J. Wigmore,
T. S. Slauson, Judge Silent, J. and A. O. Smith,
)]. T. Lee, Dr. Nelson Keeley, Flint, Whiting,
Foster, and Vermillion, Lewis, etc.; the Long
Beach and Monrovia Hotels; Keller's Hotel at
Santa Monica, besides many other public build-
ings scattered throughout Southern Califor-

nia, including the Women's Temperance Union.
While living at Glasgow, Scotland, Mr. Hen-
derson married Agnes Cockburn, a native of
(ilasgow, and of this union there have been
twelve children, ten of whom are living, viz.:
James, a plumber in Petaluma, Cal.; Mrs.
Agnes Loricke, of Los Angeles; David, who
is ranching; Janet, at home; George and Ed-
ward I'hilbrook, who are in partnership with
Mr. Henderson; Mrs. Lizzie Douhnor, of
Los Angeles; Douglas, Mrs. McCombs, of
Los Angeles; Hazel and Pauline, who are at
home. William, tiie fifth child, and Dougal, the
seventh, died in Los Angeles. Mr. Henderson
by no means confines his interests to the plumb-
ing business, but has substantially entered into
various enterprises in the vicinity. The Hen-
derson subdivision of nine acres, between Thir-
ty-eighth and Thirty-ninth streets and West-
ern and Dunkar avenues, is but one of his
numerous real-estate possessions in the city,
and of which he still owns thirty-five lots. He
owns a ranch at Clearwater, which is rented by
his son David. He is fraternally associated
with the Masons, having joined that organiza-
tion in Boston, where also he was elevated to
the Royal Arch Chapter. Formerly he was a
Knight of Pythias. He is a member of the
Master Plumbers' Association, and has proba-
bly done more to elevate the popular idea on
sanitation as viewed through the eyes of a pro-
found thinker and student of social and eco-
nomic conditions than any individual on the
Pacific coast. Nevertheless, he has found pub-
lic education along these lines a matter to be
conducted with extreme patience, for not all are
amenable to innovations which suggest future
welfare rather than immediate expenditure and
convenience. Many practical inventions are
credited to Mr. Henderson, not the least im-
portant of which are the Automatic Closet Sys-
tem Valve, patented in July of 1878; the Auto-
matic Grass Sprinkler, to dispense with the use
of hose; the Portable Grease Trap and Unique
Waste, and numerous other valuable improve-
ments connected with the plumbing business
which have been given to the public and not
patented.

PAUL HAUPT. Although not a native of
the United States, Mr. Haupt has no recollec-
tion of any home other than this country. He
was born near Gerlitz, Prussia, Germany, Octo-
ber 13, 1852, and was less than three years of
age when, in the spring of 1855, his father,
August, brought the mother and three children
from Hamburg to New York in a sailing vessel,
and from there to Louisville, Ky., where he
gave his attention to the building' business for
many years, having learned the carpenter's trade
under his father, continuing with him until he
had gained a mastery of the occupation

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

315

The growing city of St. Paul attracted Mr.
Haupt to its activities in 1880 and tliere he be-
came a contractor and builder. His work was
not limited to his home city nor indeed to Min-
nesota, but extended as far west as Washington
and Oregon. Included among his contracts
were those for the Fidelity Trust Building at
Tacoma, the Pacific National Bank at Tacoma,
a part of the Northern Pacific shops at Tacoma,
Library and Ladd buildings in Portland, and
numerous others, representing a value of al-
most $400,000 for his eighteen months of work.
Among his contracts in St. Paul were those
for numerous business blocks and public build-
ings. During the fall of 1893 he came to Cali-
fornia and has since engaged in contracting and
building in Los Angeles, where, among many
contracts, he has had those for the residence
of A. M. Ozmun and the Ozmun building on
Fifth between Broadway and Hill; the Jacobi
and E. P. Bryan buildings, the church and hos-
pital at the Soldiers' Home, an ice plant for
the Distilled Ice and Cold Storage Company,
and the residence of Victor Ponet, the eight-
story Los Angeles Trust Company Building,
also the twelve-story Union Trust Company
Building, now under way, and many other noted
contracts. He has his office in the Laughlin
building and his residence at No. 400 West
Thirty-third street. While living in St. Paul
he married Miss Alma Lindahl, who was born
in Rockford, III. Their children are Edward
Paul, William Frederick and Norma Lindahl,
The family attend the Presbyterian Church.

The political views of J\Ir. Haupt bring him
into affiliation with the Republican party, whose
local and national tickets he uniformly sup-
ports. His connection with Masonry dates from
his residence in Louisville, Ky., and he is now
a member of the Southern California Lodge,
F. & A. M. He was raised to the chapter de-
gree in Sigma Chapter, Louisville, and to the
commandery in Damascus Commandery, St.
Paul, and is now connected with Los Angeles
Commandery No. 9, K. T. On the organization
of the Builders' Exchange he was chosen its
second vice-president, and also for three years
served in the capacity of a director.

dicious oversight of the present manager, who
has spared no pains to bring the estate to the
highest possible degree of cultivation.

CHARLES S. HAUGHERTY. The posi-
tion which Mr. Haugherty holds, that of man-
ager of the Buckeye ranch, he has filled since
1S87. The property lies in the El Cajon valley,
near the village of Bostonia, San Diego county,
and embraces one hundred and seventy-seven
acres, owned by the Harbough brothers, of
Cleveland, Ohio. Seventy-five acres are under
cultivation to raisin grapes, five acres are in
oranges, and the balance is utilized for hay
and pasture land. All of the improvements now
noticeable are the result of the energy and ju-

HON. C. F. A. JOHNSON. The records of
the Johnson family show that they were among
the early settlers of JMaine. Dr. Abner, son of
Isaac Johnson, was born at Sullivan, Hancock
county, that state, February 22, 1786, and after
graduating in medicine established himself as a
practitioner in Waterford and Sullivan. During
the war of 1812 he lield a commission as surgeon.
During much of his active life he devoted him-
self to the manufacture of Johnson's liniment,
which became a famous household remedy and is
still made and sold, put up in the same form
as in the original. In 181 2 he married Julia
Sargent, who was born in Boston, Mass., Au-
gust 30, 1786, and died in Wethersfield, Conn.,
June 30, 1878. Like her husband, she was
throughout life a faithful adherent of the Con-
gregational Church.

One of the well-known figures in the colonial
history of Massachusetts was Col. Paul Dudley
Sargent, father of Mrs. Johnson, and special in-
terest attaches to his history because he was
one of those brave heroes to whom the United
States owes its independence. Born in Salem,
Mass., in 1745, he was a young man when
British tyranny aroused the colonies to arms.
Fie took part in the memorable Boston tea
party. At his own expense he outfitted a regi-
ment, and this was one of nineteen that con-
stituted General Washington's camp at Cam-
bridge in July, 1775. With the young Marquis
de Lafayette at times he shared the honor of
being aide-de-camp to Washington. Among the
engagements in which he bore a part were those
of Bunker Hill, Long Island, New York City,
Trenton and Princeton, and in later life he loved
to recall that stirring night when, with his illus-
trious general and other brave men, he crossed
the Delaware and surprised the British and
Hessians in camp. Almost the whole of his
private fortune was sacrificed for the cause of
the young republic, and when he retired from
the army, at the expiration of three years of
active service, he found himself obliged to be-
gin anew. After the close of the war he took
up mercantile pursuits, but finally retired to a
small farm near Sullivan, Me., and there he
passed from time to eternity September 28, 1828.
His honorable service for his country and his
sacrifice of private fortune for the public good
endeared him to all i^atriots. Many well-known
men, among them Talleyrand, came to his little
home in Maine to enjoy his hospitality and talk
over with him the stirring scenes in which he
had borne a part. Patriotism and large mental
resources came to him by inheritance, as his
father. Col. Epes Sargent, was a man of ability;
and his mother was a daughter of Governor

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

John Winthrop by his marriage to Ann Dudley,
granddaughter of Governor Thomas Dudley of
Connecticut. The marriage of Paul Dudley
Sargent united iiim with Lucy, daughter of
Thomas and Lucy (Smith) Saunders, the latter
a daughter of Rev. Thomas Smith, of Portland,
Me., and the former a member of the council of
Massachusetts during the troubles with Eng-
land that ended in the war for independence.

In the family of Dr. Abner and Julia (Sar-
gent) Johnson there were three daughters and
four sons, but one alone survives, this being
Charles Fitz Abner Johnson, of Long Beach,
Cal, the subject of this narrative. One son,
Dudley, enlisted as a lieutenant in the Seven-
teenth' Alaine Infantry, and was killed in the
battle of Chancellorsville. Another son,
Thomas, who came to California in 1850, died
of cholera on the American river the following
year. The fourth son, Samuel, died in Bangor,
Me. Among the daughters there was one, Mrs.
Charlotte McKay, who served throughout the
Civil war as a nurse and later wrote an inter-
esting history of her experiences in the army.
In recognition of her faithfulness, the regiment
with which she was for a long time presented
her with a diamond Maltese cross.

The next to the oldest in the family was
Charles Fitz Abner Johnson, who was born in
Sullivan, Me., February 10, 1827. He studied
classics in Bangor Theological Seminary, and
later attended Gorham Academy. After a period
of clerking in Bangor, he went to Cincinnati and
learned telegraphy, thence went by boat to New
Orleans, and in 1849 took passage on a sailing
vessel to the Chagres river and the Isthmus of
Panama. From there he took the ship, Oregon,
to San Francisco. Like all forty-niners, he tried
his luck at mining, his first experience being on
the Yuba river. Later, as a freighter, he took
the first mule-train of provisions to Yreka. In
1852 he returned east via Panama and engaged
in the lumbering business on the .\roostook and
St. John's rivers. One of the most successful
enterprises in which he was engaged was the
manufacture of potato starch, and in this at one
lime he had the largest business in the whole
v.'orld, having ten steam mills in different parts
of Aroostook county. It was not until he came
to California in 1889, that he sold out his manu-
facturing plant. Besides this enterprise he was
extensively engaged in merchandising and had
a bank at Presque Isle. .'\t the same time he
bore a very active part in political affairs, being,
indeed, one of the most inlluential Republicans
in all Maine. His actiuaintance included the
leaders of the party throughout the country, and
he was more than once visited by Garfield,
Blaine, and other men of national fame. In
1884 he was state elector on the Blaine ticket
and had the honor of casting his ballot for that
candidate in Augusta, Me.

When Mr. Johnson first came to California,
it was as a young man, without influence or
means. When he came a second time, forty
years had elapsed since the occasion of his first
visit; the country had undergone marvelous
changes; he himself had made an honorable
record as a business man and progressive citizen,
and had accumulated a competency sufficient to
provide every comfort for his declining years.
Selecting Riverside as a suitable location, he
bought twenty acres on Palm avenue and en-
gaged in horticulture there for six years. In
1895 he removed to Long Beach and erected an
attractive home on Cedar avenue. Upon the
reincorporation of Long Beach, in the fall of
1897, he was elected a trustee, and by the board
was chosen its president, thus being the first
miayor of the reorganized town. As is generally
known. Long Beach had passed through a sea-
son of great depression, and business was at a
standstill. No improvements had been made
owing to lack of funds, and no new settlers were
drawn here, although the climate was all that
the most exacting could demand. Largely
through his efforts a radical change was made.
Improvements were instituted, the city hall lot
was purchased and the city hall erected; the
pavilion was built; and he also recommended
the establishment of an electric light plant and
sewerage system, but neither suggestion was
carried' out' at that time, although thousands of
dollars would have been saved to the city had
the work not been deferred. He was a director
in the Bank of Long Beach and a stockholder in
the Savings Bank. Flere, as in the east, he was
a stanch supporter of Republican principles and
of the men pledged to promote these principles.

The first marriage of Mr. Johnson united him
with Sarah C. Jewett, who was born in Gard-
iner, Me., a daughter of Samuel Jewett, and a
sister of G. K. Jewett, who was president of a
railroad in Maine. Her father was born in
Massachusetts, as was also her mother, a Miss
Kimball. While visiting at Fallbrook, Cal., Mrs.
Sarah Johnson died; the body was brought to
Riverside for interment. Of this marriage five
children were born, three of whom attained
maturity, viz.: Mrs. Louise Fremont Selfridge,
of Boston, Mass.; Mrs. Kate Dudley Wheelock.
of Riverside; and Edward Jewett, who is en-
gaged in the insurance business in Boston, and
who brought the first ostriches to this country
from South Africa, where he had spent a year
studying the habits of the birds. Mr. Johnson
had an adopted son, Hon. T. H. Phair, known
as the "Starch King," who is a member of the
Re])ublican state central committee of Maine,
and at one time was state senator. Another
adopted son, Percy A. Johnson, is a large
rancher of Fallbrook, Cal., and a member of the
Board of Trade there.

In Riverside occurred the marriage of Mr.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

317

Johnson and Mrs. Harriet (Campbell) Hart, who
was born in Griswold, Conn., a daughter of E.
F. and Mary E. (Burlingame) Campbell, na-
tives of Connecticut. Her paternal grandfather,
Napoleon Bonaparte Campbell, was born in the
Nutmeg state, of Scotch descent, and her ma-
ternal grandfather was Capt. Peter Burlingame,
also a member of a prominent family of that
state. In an early day E. F. Campbell settled
in Janesville, Wis., where he engaged in mer-
chandising, but later he removed his business
to Ashley, 111., and there died. His wife died in
Janesville. They had only two children, Mrs.
Johnson and Mrs. Roberts, the latter of Fond
du Lac, Wis. In the female seminary of Janes-
ville Mrs. Johnson received excellent ad-
vantages. Shortly after leaving school she be-
came the wife of Josiah F. Hart, and with him
she went to Europe in 1875. During the period
of their residence on the continent Mr. Hart
studied the pipe organ, while his wife devoted
herself to art. The natural talent which she
possesses was cultivated under the best masters,
and such was her success that one of her paint-
ings was accepted for the exposition at Brussels.
Especially has she attracted favorable criticism
in her studies from life, which are exceptionally
VvcU executed, indeed, seemingly perfect in the
smallest details. The period of foreign study
Mr. Hart also found of the greatest benefit, and
from the time of his return to America in 1880
until his death in 1887 he was known as a fine
pipe organist. In 1S84 he and his wife came to
California and settled at Riverside, and after his
death she continued to reside there until her
second marriage. She is a charter member of
the Ebell Society, which she has the honor of
serving as president, and in addition she is
actively connected with the Eastern Star. Both
Mr. and Mrs. Johnson became members of the
Congregational Church, in which he was a
deacon. While living in Maine he was one of
the founders of the church of that denomination
in Presque Isle. He was made a Mason in
Ashland, Me., and after coming to Long Beach
became a charter member of the blue lodge in
this city.

Mr. Johnson died May 27, 1902, and was
buried in Riverside.

EDWARD HENDERSON, M. D. During
the years of his residence in Pomona Dr. Hen-
derson has not only built up an excellent prac-
tice, but has also engaged to some extent in
horticulture, which he finds a pleasant relaxa-
tion from professional duties. Like the major-
ity of the citizens, he was attracted to this place
by reason of its delightful climate and a desire
on his part to escape the storms and blizzards
incident to life east of the Rocky mountains
January, 1891, found him a newcomer among
the people of Pomona, but in the years that

have since elapsed he has won his way to their
friendship and has gained their confidence
through his professional skill.

The early education of Dr. Henderson was
obtained in Jefferson county, Iowa, where he
was born in 1850. On completing his school
studies, he took up medicine, and in 1874 was
graduated from the College of Physicians and
Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, after which he en-
gaged in practice in Iowa, first at Batavia, and
later at Cromwell. In 1891 he came to Pomona,
and, finding the climate all that could be desired,
he located here permanently, since which time
he has conducted a general practice.

For two years Dr. Henderson was president
of the board of health, of which he is now sec-
retary. He is a member of the Pomona Board
of Trade. Along the line of his profession he
is connected with the Pomona Valley Medical
Society, the Los Angeles Academy of Medicine
and the Southern California Medical Society.
Fraternally he is past grand of the Odd Fellows'
lodge, a member of the Masonic blue lodge,
the Fraternal Aid and the Independent Order
of Foresters. By his marriage to Alice Cald-
well, a native of Vermont, he has two children,
namely: Evelyn, who is the wife of Albert
Hummill, of Seattle, Wash.; and Ralph Stan-
ley. The latter, when a fifteen-year-old boy,
won at the Gun Club meeting twenty-three out
of twenty-five shots, which is the best record
in Southern California. The doctor, too, is an
expert shot and is now acting as president of
the Gun Club, in whose meetings he maintains
the keenest interest.

LAWRENCE HOHL, proprietor of the
Pico market in Los Angeles, was born in Ail-
rmger, Wurtemberg, Germany, April 27, 1866,
and was reared and educated in his native land.
While still very young he gained a fair knowl-
edge of the ways of bakers, for his father, Se-
bastian, and his grandfather, Valentine, were
knights of the flour bin, and devoted their years
of activity to concocting appetizing and nour-
ishing pies, cakes and bread. Sebastian Hohl
and his wife, Regina (Richter) Hohl, were born
m Wurtemberg, and the former is now retired
from active business life. Of their children five
sons and one daughter attained maturity, Law-
rence being the second child. He remained at
home and assisted his father with the bakerv
until seventeen years of age, after which he
spent a year in farming, and in 1884 immigrated
to the United States, arriving in New York
harbor May 12. At once he proceeded to Phil-
adelphia, where he worked in a medical man-
ufacturing laboratory for Ashenback & Miller
for ten months, after which he took his way to
San Antonio, Tex., and worked in a dairy
owned by John App, for three months. Nex't
he became a coachman for Gustav Gross, the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

banker, and at the end of thirteen months en-
gaged in learning the butcher business with Mr.
Schultz.

In June of 1887 Mr. Holil came to San Fran-
cisco, Cal., and in July arrived at Los Angeles,
where for a week he was employed in the Atlas
Mill, and was then with Samuel Meyer for a
vear. Subsequently he was erinployed by Frank
Scb.ade, Therbach & Weaver, and was with
Wicker for two and a half years, and then
formed a partnership with ]Mr. Strauber on
Montreal street, an association which was sev-
ered at the end of three months. He was then
with Charles Gassen for four years, after
which he started the Pico market at No.
1422 West Pico street. The excellent business
methods of Mr. Hohl have drawn a constantly
increasing patronage, aided, no doubt, by the
aflfable and agreeable manner of the proprietor,
and his never-failing effort to please. Politically
Mr. Hohl is a Democrat, and he is fraternally
associated with the Sons of Herman and the
Modern Woodmen of America.

PERRY A. HOWARD. On coming to the
United States from Ireland, Samuel Howard
settled in New York, but later, removing to
Wisconsin, became a farmer in Green Lake
county. His son, C. A., a native of Rochester,
N. Y., acquired large interests in the vicinity
of Kingston, Wis., where he made his home
many years. At a later date he became a large
stock raiser near Sun Prairie, Wis. About
1880 he settled in Lawrence, Kans., and di-
rected liis attention to the oversight of his large
ranch in Russell county. His death occurred
in February, 1885. While residing in Wiscon-
sin he married Phoebe Jane Perry, who was
born in New Hampshire, a daughter of Samuel
I'erry, and a member of a colonial family of
New' England. After the death of her husband
she came to California and died in Los Angeles
when sixty-three years of age. Her four children
are residents of this city, namely: Charles H.,
Perrv A., Mrs. Mvrtlc Vorics and Mrs. Daisy
B. Fuller.

On the home farm near Kingston, Green
Lake county. Wis., Perry A. Howard was born
November i^, i860. At the age of nineteen
years he was graduated from the Wisconsin
State Normal at Whitevvater and the next year.
1880, removed to Lav,Tence, Kans., afterward
assisting his father in the management of the
large stock ranch in Russell county. Shortly
after tlie death of his father the ranch was sold
and he removed to .'Mnia, Kans., where he
bought one-half interest in the Bank of Wa-
baunsee county, and for three years acted as
cashier of that institution. Selling out in 1888,
he came to California, settling in Los Angeles,
where he now makes his home. As secretary
of the board of park commissioners, he was an

integral factor in the beginning of the park im-
provements, and nmch of the planning which
has evolved the beautiful Westlake, Elysian and
East Los Angeles parks, originated during
those four years of his service. From 1892 un-
til 1894 he was street superintendent of Los
Angeles, having been elected on the Republican
ticket, and during his term he superintended the
building of about thirty miles of street sewer.
In 1894 he took up general contracting, and
has since made a specialty of the building of
streets, in which line he has perhaps accom-
plished more than any other contractor of the
city. He is a member of the Builders' Ex-
change and a participant in all the movements
for the benefit of the trade. His contracts have
been executed with such promptness and fidelity
that he has become recognized as a leader in
his occupation and occupies a distinctive place
among his fellow-craftsmen.

In Victor, Mitchell county, Kans., Mr.
Howard married Miss Nettie Farrand, who was
born in Iowa and removed to Kansas with her
father, James Wesley Farrand, a veteran of the
Civil war. The three children born of their
union are John Wesley, Perry Alonzo, Jr. and
Irene. The family attend Immanuel Presby-
terian Church, of which Mrs. Howard is a mem-
ber. Ever since attaining his majority Mr.
Howard has been a voter in behalf of Repub-
lican principles. In Pentalpha Lodge No. 202,
F. & A. M., he was made a Mason, while his
initiation into Odd Fellows Order occurred in
Semi-Tropic Lodge No. 371, to which and to
the encampment he still belongs. Other or-
ganizations which enroll him as a member are
the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks; Los
Angeles Court, Independent Order of For-
esters; La Fiesta Camp No. 63, Woodmen of
the World; and Hermosa Lodge No. 33, Fra-
ternal Brotherhood.

LOUIS JACOBI. The vicinity of Marburg,
in Prussia, Germany, is the locality around
which cluster the early associations and mem-
ories of Mr. Jacobi, who was born there
July 2, 1850, the third in a family of five chil-
dren and the only one of the number to seek
a home in America. His father, Ludvig Jacobi.
was the son of a contractor and builder and
himself became a large railroad contractor,
rendering skillful work not onl)' in the laying
of tracks but also in the construction of large
tunnels. After some years he gave up contract-
ing and became the proprietor of a flour and
grist mill, in which business his last years were
spent. In early manhood he married Louisa
Morer, whose entire life, like his own, was
passed in Germany.

Under the careful oversight of his father,
Louis Jacobi acquired in youth a thorough
knowledge of millwrighting. On attaining his

/^ CJ p^^:^^^^^^^^^

HISTORICAL AND, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

331

majority he crossed the ocean to the United
States, setthng first in Putnam county, 111., but
in a short time going to Hazleton, Luzerne
county, Pa., where he secured employment at
the carpenter's trade. On returning to Put-
nam county. 111., he followed carpentering and
milling. The year 1877 found him in the Gun-
nison district of Colorado, where he continued
building, but at the same time became inter-
ested in mining. He was a pioneer of the San
Juan country, where he was employed as fore-
man in the building of bridges and depots for
the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. Drift-
ing still further toward the west, he came to
California in 1883, and for two years was en-
gaged as foreman of buildings in San Fran-
cisco.

Since 1885 Mr. Jacobi has made his home in
Los Angeles. One of his first jobs here was
as assistant foreman in the building of the
Bradbury residence, after which he took the
contract for the Bradbury hotel in Monrovia
and later was foreman of the Phillips block,
now occupied by the People's store. This was
the first large business block built in Los
Angeles and was four stories in height, with a
basement. As foreman he was connected with
the building of the convent on Pico Heights
and the Orphans' home on Boyle Heights.
The success which had rewarded his eft'orts and
the large acquaintance he had formed in build-
ing circles led him to begin taking contracts,
and later years have proved the wisdom of this
step. He had the contract for the Tajo build-
ing on First and Broadway for Mr. Bradbury,
the contracts for the city fire department's
headquarters on South Hill, for numerous busi-
ness houses in the center of the city, the Blais-
dell residence on Figueroa and Adams streets,
two houses for Mr. Waller on Boyle Heights,
the De Mange residence, also on Boyle
Heights, and many other substantial and com-
modious residences.

In Los Angeles Mr. Jacobi married Miss
Louisa G. Schillinger, who was born in Bavaria,
and by whom he has four children, Carl, Mary,
John and Walter. The family occupy a resi-
dence at No. 612 North St. Louis street, which
was built by Mr. Jacobi, and in addition to this,
he has built up and now owns other property.
Along the line of his occupation, he is con-
nected with the Builders' Exchange and is a
charter member of the Master Builders' Asso-
ciation. At national elections he casts his bal-
lot for Republican candidates. With his family
he is identified with the Presbyterian Church
and a contributor to the activities of the de-
nomination. While in Putnam county. III, he
was made a Mason, and after coming to Los
Angeles he became a charter member of Hol-
lenlDCck Lodge No. 319, F. & A. M. Later he
was raised to the Royal Arch degree in Signet

Chapter No. 57, and is besides a member of
the Grand Council of Los Angeles. Another
fraternity with which he is associated and in
whose activities he maintains an interest is the
]\oyal Arcanum.

B. T. HAYDEN. The recollections of Mr.
Hayden often travel backward to the days when,
as a boy of twelve years, he crossed the plains
with his parents. It was during the period of
ihe Civil war, when the Indians were particularly
troublesome and hostile, and the party to which
he belonged was in constant danger of depre-
dations. The services of the twelve-year-old
boy were utilized as a body guard, and he did
his duty with all the faithfulness of a veteran.
Fourteen head of cattle and ten head of horses
were driven through to Union county. Ore.,
where all at last landed, unharmed.

Mr. Hayden was born in Illinois, December
I, 1850, and was fourth in a family of four sons
and five daughters. His father, William Hay-
den, a native of Kentucky, and a pioneer of
Illinois, removed from there to Texas, thence
to Missouri, later to Iowa, and finally crossed
the plains to Oregon. In all the places of his
residence he made a specialty of raising cattle
and horses. Arriving in Oregon, he home-
steaded and pre-empted three hundred and
twenty acres in Union county, of which his
family were the first settlers. In time the Cove
(as his ranch was called) became a favorite
stopping place for travelers through the then
sparsely settled state, and he gained many warm
friends through his open-handed hospitality.
His death occurred in Moneta, Cal., in 1895,
when he was seventy-two years of age. His
wife, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth
Ervin, was born in Ohio and now makes her
home in Oregon.

Exceedingly few were the advantages which
Mr. Hayden enjoyed during his boyhood years
His time was spent in the saddle rather than the
schoolroom, and this was not only because he
preferred the former, but also because there
were no schools near his Oregon home. His
skill in breaking horses was a matter of com-
ment among all acquaintances. At one time the
Umatilla Indians had a horse that had nearly
killed three of the best Indian riders and beat
them out. When he heard that no one was able
to subdue this horse, he straightway looked it
up. He finally bought the animal and when he
had broken and trained it, there was no finer
saddle horse in the whole country. Whfle some
Indians were friendly in those days, as a rule
they were treacherous and hostile. On one oc-
casion he had to ride alone eighteen miles from
Washo Ferry to Farewell Bend on the Snake
river. Friends advised him not to start on the
journey, believing he would be killed, but he
was too brave to give up. After he had gone

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

some distance he found that two Indians were
following him on horses. He stopped at a sud-
den turn in the road, and when they rode up,
they found a gun pointed at tliem. Under these
circumstances they made no attempt to molest
him, but quietly pursued their way.

After having homesteaded and pre-empted a
farm in Willowa county. Ore., Mr. Hayden re-
mained there for nine years. In addition, he
bought four hundred and eighty acres of school
land, which was utilized as a sheep ranch, but
this property he afterward sold. Conditions of
health led him to remove to California, where
he settled at Aloneta and purchased twenty
acres of timber land. A residence was soon
built and other improvements made. For four
years he conducted a general mercantile busi-
ness, for a similar period served as postmaster,
and he has also been a promoter of the Moneta
Canning Company, of which he is now presi-
dent. He built liayden's hall, which is a sub-
stantial building, adapted for a theatre and for
lodge purposes. Besides these various inter-
ests, he was a half-owner of a warehouse.

In Union county. Ore., Mr. Hayden married
Miss Alargaret Huffman, who was born in Mis-
souri, her father, John Huffman, having mi-
grated to that state from Virginia. They have
two children, Hazel G. and Audrey W. Mrs.
Hayden is identified with the Ladies Order of
Maccabees and Fraternal Brotherhood, while
Air. Hayden is connected with the Fraternal
Brotherhood and the Knights of Pythias. In
politics, though reared in the Democratic faith,
he has for some years been an active supporter
of the Republican party.

ERNEST JENSEN. The industrial calendar
of Los Angeles contains no name more promi-
nently identified with brick manufacturing than
is that of Jensen, of the firm of Jensen & Hada-
check, of Pico Heights. Ernest Jensen, one of
the substantial and successful members of the
family of that name, was born in Schleswig-
Holstein, near Meldorf, December ii, 1861, a
son of Christian and Johanna (Koyer) Jensen,
natives of the same locality. Christian Jensen,
as well as his father before him, was a brick
manufacturer, and came to America in 1883, his
death occurring in Los Angeles. The grand-
father Royer was a stone-mason and blacksmith
in Schleswig-Holstein. There were eight chil-
dren born to Christian Jensen and his wife, four
of whom are living, and of these, Dora and
Henry live in Los Angeles, while Christina is
a resident of Wisconsin.

As became the son of a brick manufacturer,
Ernest Jensen gained familiarity in his extreme
youth with the different departments of the in-
dustry, and at the same time laid in a store of
useful information at the public schools of Mel-
dorf. From his fifteenth year he was actively

associated with his father in business, and in
1 88 1 immigrated to America via Hamburg, the
steamer arriving in Philadelphia from Liverpool
after a voyage of eleven days. At Chicago, III,
Mr. Jensen engaged at his trade as foreman of
the works of Mayer & Toll, a position main-
tained with credit' and success until 1887. He
then resigned to come to Los Angeles, where
his brother Henry was already located, and
where he assumed the foremanship of the lat-
ter's brick yard for over ten years. In 1899 he
started in "to manufacture brick on Sixteenth
street and Western avenue under the firm name
of Jensen & Hadacheck, the business being con-
ducted under the name of the Pico Heights
Brickyards. A good quality of clay is found in
convenient quantities, and the firm turn out
enormous numbers of brick annually.

In Chicago, 111., Mr. Jensen married Lena
Bruhn, a native of Meldorf, Schleswig-Holstein.
Of this union there is one child, Johanna. Mr.
Jensen is a Republican in political affiliation,
and is fraternally associated with the Maccabees
and the Fraternal Brotherhood. With his wife
he attends the German Lutheran Church. He
is one of the solid business men of this part of
the county, and is esteemed by all who enjoy
his friendship or are associated with him in a
business way.

JOHN SHIELS. One of the well-known
business establishments of Riverside is that of
John Shiels & Sons. The senior member of this
firm, a pioneer of Riverside, came to California
in 1883 and at once embarked in business as a
tinsmith. Having little capital, his first ventures
were on a very small scale. His shop was at first
located on Main near Ninth street. After a time
he began to devote considerable attention to
plumbing and his success was so gratifying that
he acquired a prominent position among the
plumbers of the city and was engaged in con-
tracts of importance, representing large
amounts of money. Since 1891 he has had his
shop at Tenth and Market streets.

During 1886 the sons of Mr. Shiels, Charles
M. and William Frederick Shiels, were admitteil
into partnership, and the title became John Shiels
& sons, since which time it has continued as
such. The sons, being capable and energetic
young men, have proved of the greatest assist-
ance to their father, and are aiding in maintain-
ing the reputation of the firm at the high stan-
dard established years ago. Among their con-
tracts may be mentioned those for the McXabb
and Crawford residences on Magnolia avenue.
A. P. Johnson's house on Palm avenue, and the
residences of William Irving, John Mylne and
Mr. Henderson at Arlington Heights. In addi-
tion, they have also had contracts for sewer
work.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

333

AUGUSTUS C. HAZZARD. It is not
strange that Mr. Hazzard should have found in
the ministry an outlet for his earnest reHgious
spirit. He began to preach in 1854, and was or-
dained in the Methodist Episcopal Church in
1857. During the following seven years he was
devoted to his duties in the church, his labors in
Michigan ending in 1864. Owing to failing-
health, he was obliged to consider the matter of
a change of climate and surroundings, and the
far west seemed to offer a surcease from physical
disability. He accordingly journeyed hence by
way of Panama and San Francisco, and upon ar-
riving at his destination at once assumed charge
of the Santa Rosa station. After a short time he
went to St. Helena, in the Napa valley, where
he continued his ministerial work. He was for
a time on the Sacramento circuit, and at different
times stationed at various points throughout Cal-
ifornia, and now remains in the Southern Cali-
fornia Conference of the ^Methodist Episcopal
Church.

In 1883 Mr. Hazzard took up his permanent
residence with the early pioneers of Whittier, the
land at that time being covered with great
stretches of barren waste. And here, also, his
strong and ardent personality was a factor for
good, for he taught and exemplified the gospel
of mercy and good-will. Interested to a large
degree in farming and horticulture, he at first se-
cured about one thousand acres of the promising
soil, the majority of which he later disposed of
to other agriculturists. At the present time his
attention is entirely given to horticulture, and he
has one hundred and fifty acres under English
walnuts and twenty-five acres under citrus fruits.

Growers' Association, incorporated. Essentially
a self-made man, he has' won the approval and
esteem of the entire community by his attitude
toward matters pertaining to the well-being of
the neighborhood. Mr. and Mrs. Neighbours
have a fine ranch of fifty-five acres of land, about
twenty acres of which are in walnuts.

ALLEN W. NEIGHBOURS. Though a resi-
dent of the vicinity of Downey since 1865, Mr.
Neighbours was not then a newcomer, having
previously lived in San Bernardino since 1853.
In 1863 Mr. Neighbours crossed the plains with
an ox-team in a train of emigrants, facing dan-
gers of the most pronounced kind, and located
at the end of their journey in San Bernardino.
Cal., finally going to the vicinity of Downey,
which has since been his home. He was one of
the earliest pioneers of the district, and has, dur-
ing the course of his life here, witnessed man)-
changes and improvements, the credit for which
is due in a large measure to his assistance and
interest in the development of the latent re-
sources. He was married twice; his first wife.
Priscilla Burrow, died in Arkansas. Elizabeth
McCann, his second wife, was a native of Ten-
nessee, and seven of their children survive.

In national politics Mr. Neighbours is a Dem-
ocrat and interested in all of the undertakings
of his party. Vitally interested in the cause of
education, he was chosen to serve for several
years on the school board as a trustee. He is a
member of the Los Nietos and Ranchito Walnut

JAMES FLETCHER ISBELL. Upon the
arrival of Mr. Isbell in Southern California in
1868 great herds of cattle and sheep roamed at
will and grazed on the uplands and n-i the mead-
ows. His first place of residence was at one time
included in the home ranch of Don Pio Pico, the
last Spanish governor of California. In Spanish
the title of the property was Rancho Passo de
Bartolo Veja. The governor was a loyal Ameri-
can citizen and a gentleman of the old school,
dignified and courtly. He proved a good friend
to Mr. Isbell ; the latter raised a crop of corn on
his ranch with only once irrigating the land. Don
Pio Pico oft'ered to sell him all the land he wished
at $20 per acre, and to wait for payment until he
had harvested his crops. This offer Mr. Isbell
refused, although he has ever since regretted
doing so. Instead, he went to Orange county in
1872 and bought twenty acres of land for $30 an
acre, but traded ten of the acres for orange trees
to plant on the balance of the property. In addi-
tion he bought five acres, thus having fifteen
acres, which he later sold for $500 per acre. The
increase in the value of the property was due to
his efforts in the interests of irrigation. He was
instrumental in the organization of the Santa Ana
\'alley Irrigation Company, w-hich bought out
the Chapman & Glassell' Company. The old ditch
was not large enough to accommodate the de-
mand for water, and Mr. Isbell was one of six-
teen men who went to Los Angeles and bought
out the old company. They built what was prac-
tically a new ditch, and by cutting a tunnel thev
created a forty-foot water power^ which is used
by the Olive Milling Company. The ditch cost
about $65,000, much of which amount w-as .
worked out by the stockholders. It has proved
of incalculable value to the entire country and
irrigates twenty thousand acres of land, imme-
diately after its completion prices began to ad-
vance, and it was for this reason that" Mr. Isbell
was enabled to sell his property at a large in-
crease over its purchase price. During the work
of building the ditch he superintended one gang
of the construction party, at the upper end of the
ditch, in the Santa Ana Canon in the mountains.

In 1883 Mr. Isbell changed his location to the
ranch at Los Nietos. where he now- resides. Here
he has thirty acres in all, twenty-five of which
are under English walnuts and five under or-
anges. Originally a waving conifiekl shook its
tassels in the air, plebeian progenitor of a golden
aristocracy. Since his return to Los Angeles
county Mr. Isbell has done considerable work in

334

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

grading ditches in the Los Nietos valley. He
worked for the Santa Fe Railroad Company in
securing for them the right of way between Los
Angeles and the Orange county line. He also
put up the grade at the railroad crossing at Los
Nietos station, thus giving the Santa Fe the right
of way, and obliging the Southern Pacific to put
up the signal tower. While working for the
railroad company he was able to secure fifty acres
of land, on which he located the town of Rivera,
subdivided the propertv into lots, and these he
sold.

CLAYTON LEWIS. The chief engineer and
electrician of Second street station, Edison Elec-
tric Light Company of Los Angeles, is a member
of an old Pennsylvanian family, whose genealog-
ical record is traced to Lewis the Springer, so-
called by reason of his remarkable skill in jump-
ing. These two names were transmitted to pos-
terity under the family cognomens of Lewis and
Springer, both of which spring from the same
ancient English stock. John Lewis, a native of
Warren county. Pa., became a pioneer of the
county of the same name in Ohio, and from there
about 1856 removed to Madison, Wis., thence
going to Baraboo, Wis., in all of which places he
followed the occupation of a tinsmith and copper-
smith. During his residence in Madison he served
for one term as city treasurer. His death occurred
at Baraboo in 1876. He married Martha Lutton,
who was born in Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish
lineage, and is now a resident of Santa Ana, Cal.
Of their twelve children all but two attained ma-
turity and nine are now "living. The two eldest
sons, James, of Grand Rapids, Mich., and Sam-
uel, of Fresno, Cal, were soldiers in the Civil war,
the former being a member of the Forty-third,
and the latter of the Forty-eighth Wisconsin In-
fantry.

In Madison, Wis.. Clayton Lewis was born
January 13, 1858. When a boy his health was so
. delicate that attendance at school was impossible,
hence his education was secured principally from
reading and observation. At sixteen he began to
grow strong and was able to take up farm work.
In 1879 he went to Iowa and was for two and
one-half years employed as locomotive fireman
on the Sioux City & Pacific Railroad, after which
he was employed as locomotive engineer for a
year. In a similar capacity he worked in Texas
and Nevada, and during the summer of 1883 be-
came locomotive engineer for the Oregon Rail-
road and Navigation Company, in which connec-
tion he remained for two years. A later position
was on the Northern Pacific Railroad. In 1886
he became engineer in the Central station of the
local electric light company of Bismark, N. D.
A year later he returned to Oregon and was em-
ployed there and in Washington by contrac-
tors for the installation of electrical plants. He

helped to install the first four electric street rail-
roads in the state of Oregon, also many of the
first electrical plants in that state and Washing-
ton.

On coming to Los Angeles, in 1895, Mr. Lewis
was employed by Arthur Perry in an electrical
capacity, and then was connected with the San
Antonio Light and Power Company, having
charge of their plant in the San Antonio canon,
fifteen miles north of Pomona, which was the
first commercial long distance plant in the whole
world. Power from this plant was transmitted
as far as San Bernardino, twenty-eight miles
away. After six months Mr. Lewis resigned and,
returning to Los Angeles, during the same year
(1897) became chief engineer and electricfan in
charge of the Second street station of the West
Side Lighting Company, now the Edison Electric
Company. This position he has since filled.
Under his supervision there has been a gradual
increase in the capacity of the plant from one
hundred-horse power to six engines, having a
combined capacity of fifteen hundred horse-power.
The perfect condition of the plant is largely due
to his keen and intelligent supervision, and tlie
able manner in which he has discharged ever\-
duty has brought him frequent and merited com-
mendation. The high opinion of his ability held
by the members of his craft was proved in 1900
when he was elected president of Los Angeles
No. 2, National Association of Stationary Engi-
neers, and in other ways he has received tangible
evidence of a general recognition of his ability
and influence. Though not active in politics, he
is well informed regarding the problems which
divide our great parties to-day, and gives his sup-
port to the Republican organization. Fraternally
he is connected with the Modern Woodmen of
America and the Ancient Order of United Work-
men. His marriage, in La Grande, Ore., united
him with Miss Catherine Adams, who was born
in Saratoga county, N. Y., and by whom he has
a daughter, Adeline. In religion Mrs. Lewis is
a member of the IMethodist Episcopal Church.

MICHAEL KLASSEN. To the subject of
building in all its phases Mr. Klassen has devoted
the greater part of his active life, and has applied
thereto the most profound study and practical
research. Since 1890 he has been superintendent
of cement foundations of buildings for Carl Leon-
ardt, and for the last year has been the partner
of Mr. Leonardt. During these years Air. Klas-
sen has carried out contracts for the largest and
heaviest work in Los Angeles, nor have his ser-
vices been at all confined to this, his favorite city.
He superintended among others the Chino sugar
factory and the factories at Oxnard ; Ames, Neb. :
Rocky Ford, Colo. ; and another re-built factory
in Nebraska; the plunge at Santa Monica and
Redonda ; the foundation of the Bradbury block.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

327

German-American Bank, Wilcox Building, Tur-
ner Hall, the Philadelphia brewery, the Los An-
geles Street Railway Company's building, and the
heavy work for the Lankershim, Henna and In-
surance buildings.

Upon the ancestral lands of his family Mr.
Klassen was born near Trier, on Mosel, Prussia,
November 28, 1854, and on this same farm his
father. :Michael, lived for seventy-one succeeding
years. He was a man of importance in his neigh-
borhood, and was a non-commissioned officer in
the Prussian army. The paternal grandfather,
Michael, tilled the acres of the time-honored es-
tate which also witnessed his birth, and also en-
gaged in the lumber manufacturing business on
an extensive scale. His son, Michael, married
.^nnie Mary Grevver, a native of the vicinity of
Trier, a daughter of Jacob Grewer, farmer and
hotel man, and the descendant of a prominent
Prussian family. Two of the brothers of Mr.
Grewer were killed in the war with Napoleon in
1813. Mrs. Klassen died when her only child,
the third Michael in the family, was three years
old. He was reared at the old home and received
a fair education in the public schools, and at an
early age displayed particular aptitude for the
use of carpenter's tools. This tendency was fos-
tered by his uncle, who was a carpenter, and by
close association with the saw-mill of his grand-
father. Having mastered his trade he entered
government employ in the railroad service during
tlie Franco-Prussian war in 1870. The following
year he immigrated to America, and worked at
his trade in Brooklyn, N. Y. He afterwards
located in New York City and worked at the
bench, and his life was practically uneventful un-
til the breaking out of the Modock war created
a demand for the services of the alien as well as
native sons of the land.

April 17, 1873, Mr. Klassen left his saws and
hammers and chisels and took up the vocation of
arms, as a soldier in Company A, Twelfth United
States Infantry. After the first year he was pro-
moted to the rank of corporal, and after six
months more to the rank of sergeant, in which
capacity he served for the remainder of the strife.
His regiment came on a special train to .San
Francisco for a campaign in the lava beds, which
resulted in the hanging of Captain Jack and two
of his confederates. In all he served in the army
for five years, and was mustered out April 17,
1878, having previously spent some time at Camp
Wright and at Mojave, Ariz. After the service
Mr. Klassen located in Los Angeles and worked
at his trade until 1880, in which year he went to
Tombstone, Ariz., and contracted and built for
two years. He then decided upon Los Angeles
as a desirable permanent place of residence, and
his subsequent success in his chosen occupation
has seemed to substantiate the wisdom of his
choice.

The marriage of Mr. Klassen and Mrs. Jane E.

Dees, of Ireland, occurred in San Francisco, and
of this union there are three children : John is a
carpenter in business with his father, while Rob-
ert and Annie are living at home. Mr. Klassen
has built a pleasant and convenient residence at
No. 1455 West Thirty-seventh street, which is
the scene of much agreeable hospitality. He is a
Republican in politics, and is fraternally associ-
ated with the Maccabees. In the business world
of Los Angeles he is regarded as a substantial
and capable acquisition, and by his friends and
associates he is appreciated for the traits of gen-
erosity, consideration and unquestioned integrity.

ALFRED BECK CHAPxMAN. From the
time when he first saw California, in 1858, to
the present day, Mr. Chapman has never wav-
ered in his enthusiasm concerning the ultimate
prosperity of the state. Many of our pioneers
passed away before their fond hopes were real-
ized, but it has been his high privilege to wit-
ness the transformation of the country wrought
during the passing years. He has lived to see
what was in days gone by a wild tract of land
covered with brush and mustard and worthless
except for stock pasturage, transformed into a
prosperous, highly cultivated and beautiful
region, whose attractions win unstinted praise
from even the most critical of strangers.

The Chapman family came from England.
William S. Chapman, of Virginian birth, gradu-
ated from the University of North Carolina, of
which his father was president, and after ivard
engaged in the practice of law and the manage-
ment of his cotton plantation. Had he been
spared to old age, undoubtedly his talents would
have brought him success, but he died wh'ile
still a young man, being thirty-two years of age.
Some years before he had married Miss Coziah
A. Beck, daughter of Col. Alfred Beck, a mihtia
officer. Their son, Alfred Beck Chapman, was
named in honor of his distinguished grandfather,
and was born at Greensboro, Ala., September 6,
1829. Graduating from West Point in 1854, he
was afterward stationed at Forts Leavenworth.
Benicia, Tejon and Churchill. He held the
rank of lieutenant, but resigned his commission
and retired from the army to engage in the prac-
tice of law. Coming to Los Angeles in 1861, he
.studied law with his father-in-law, J. R. Scott.
After the war he formed a partnership with .An-
drew Glassell, and three years later another at-
torney was admitted to the firm, which became
Glassell. Chapman & Smith. The junior mem-
ber was Col. George H. Smith, late of the Con-
federate army. A large practice was built up in
local courts and the supreme courts of the state.
For several years Mr. Chapman was city attor-
ney, later district attorney.

Retiring from the firm in 1879, Mr. Chapman
settled upon a portion of the Santa .\nita

3-^8

HISTORICAL ANDi BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

rancho, his original purchase comprising six-
teen hundred acres. Since then he has sold
some of the ranch, and now owns seven hun-
dred and fifty acres. Like all horticulturists, he
has had his reverses, and, like most of them, too,
he has had many successes. He has large acre-
age in citrus trees.

In 1859 Mr. Chairman married a daughter of
J. R. Scott. They became the parents of the
following-named children: .Mfred Scott, who
hecame an authority in fruit-growing and served
as a member of the state horticultural society,
and now resides in Los Angeles: William, a
physician practicing in Spokane, Wash.; Lucy,
Ruth, Evelyn and Richard. After the death of
his first wife Mr. Chapman married a daughter
of the late Col. W. H. Stephens. No one is
more deeply interested in the progress and wel-
fare of his community than Mr. Chapman. While
he is a stanch Democrat and a believer in the
Episcopal faith, his interests are broader and
more comprehensive than those of any party or
church, but represent all that is best and truest
in mankind. In promoting his own success he
has advanced the prosperity of San Gabriel val-
ley, and has been instrumental in attracting
hither a highly desirable class of citizens.

party. Fraternally he stands high in the rank's
of. the Foresters of America. May 11, 1901, he
married Miss P'ranc Hawks, principal of the
Boyd street school of Los Angeles.

W. A. WELDON, M. D., is the proprietor
of the leading drug store in San Pedro and has
been closely connected with every movement
tending to advance the permanent welfare of this
place. Broad minded in his views and loyal in
his devotion to the chosen city of his abode, he
accepted the responsible position of chairman
of the board of trustees of San Pedro.
. Dr. Weldon was born in South Portland, Me.,
in 1853, but '^^'''s reared in the city of Boston,
where he obtained an excellent education in the
public schools. After completing his high school
studies he entered Bowdoin College in Maine,
where he spent two years in the academic de-
partment. He then obtained a position in a drug
store, and, while mastering the business, he also
devoted considerable attention to the study of
medicine. In 1884, after he had been given his
degree as a doctor of medicine from Bowdoin
College, he came to the west, and for a couple
of years pursued his practice in the eastern part
of the city of Los Angeles. In 1886 he came
to San Pedro, where he soon built up a large
and representative practice. From 1890 to 1893
he served as county coroner, and for several
years he has been retained by the Southern Pa-
cific Railroad Company as their district surgeon.
He owns and carries on a well-equipped drug
store, and usually gives employment to two
clerks. He is the federal quarantine officer for
the United States marine hospital service at
San Pedro.

In politics the doctor favors the Republican

JOHN J. DEAN. When Mr. Dean arrived in
Moneta he foimd scarcely the semblance of a
village, for as yet no streets had been laid out
and there were only three houses to indicate
the site of the future town. With a firm belief in
the possibilities of the soil, he bought five and
one-half acres which had been planted to barley.
r)n this land he set out strawberries, blackber-
ries, Logan berries, and various larger fruits,
and he has since devoted himself with encourag-
ing success to the berry industry. For some
years he made his home in a small house, but
it was inadequate to his needs, and was replaced
by an attractive residence which has no superior
m the entire community. Another improvement
is a private gas pumping plant of twenty-six
inches. Having a talent for landscape garden-
ing, he has made his home and lawn attractive,
and is constantly making some improvement to
add to the beauty of the property.

It was after having traveled in many parts of
the world that Mr. Dean decided California to
be unexcelled as a place of residence. He was
bom in England August 4, 185 1, and is a son
of Henry and Marie (Whitehall) Dean, also na-
tives of that country. His grandfather, William
Dean, was a lifelong resident of England, as
was also the father, who was a gentleman of lei-
sure and owned an estate of almost three thou-
sand acres, known as Hazel Hall. In a family of
six children John J. Dean w-as the fourth. As
a boy he was given the advantages of public
and private schools. At the age of twenty-one
he came to the United States and for five years
served an apprenticeship to the nursery busi-
ness on Long Island. Subsequent to the com-
pletion of his time he worked as a journeyman
in South America, Canada and the West Indies.
On his return to New York, he secured employ-
ment as landscape gardener for the state insane
asylum at Auburn, and this position he held for
seven years. For four years afterward he en-
gaged in landscape gardening in Dallas, Tex.,
and from there in 1887 came to California, set-
tling at Tropico. Soon, however, he returned to
New York, but fifteen months later came back
to the Pacific coast, and worked as a foreman in
the Elysian Park nursery, Los Angeles. From
that city he came to Moneta in 1890. While in
Los Angeles he married Miss Jeanette Weaver,
who was born in Sussex, Wis. They are mem-
bers of the Presbyterian Church and hold a high
position in the respect and esteem of their ac-
quaintances. Since becoming a citizen of the
United States Mr. Dean has voted with the Re-
publican party, both in local and national elec-

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HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

331

tions. Active in Masonry, he is identified with
the blue lodge, chapter, commandery and con-
sistory.

A. W. BUELL. If it is true that retro-
spection plays a part in our later years in
proportion as the conditions in the present
are remote from those of the past, Mr. Buell
must have abundant material for reflection,
and one can imagine him spending the even-
ings of many winters before a glowing grate
fire, unconscious of the moving of the dial,
or the wasting away of the embers. For
the peaceful life which he is spending at his
beautiful home in Santa Barbara is so strangely
at variance with that of his youth and middle
age, so thoroughly modern, so attuned to twen-
tieth century comfort and even luxury, that to
look back whence lie came seems like peering
into half-lighted vistas, remote, and altpgether
inaccessible. For the other half of the picture
has a setting of pioneer days, dear to the his-
torian and romanticist, and recalls the white man
fearlessly entering the domain of the red man,
the progress to the little log school house, the
prized candle light, the distaff and spinning
wheel, and the dangerous and interminable
plains, beckoning the credulity and ambition of
man to the boundless resources beyond.
Mewed in the artificial light of recent advance,
this picturesque delineation is full of charm and
beauty and simplicity, yet they who created it
suffered from privation and hardship, and by
leason of their courage, challenge our boundless
admiration and ceaseless gratitude.

The Buell family is of English descent, and
settled first at Plymouth and later in Connecti-
cut. The grandfather, Samuel, served in the
Revolutionary war, as mustering officer and
military drill master, and while in the Quebec
campaign became enamored of the beauties of
\'crmont, locating there after the close of the
war. For a farm he bought out a Mr. Ash, after
which he returned to Connecticut, married, and
prepared to transport his household goods to
the new home in the Green mountains. The
country was locked in icy fetters and the journey
was made by sled with a yoke of oxen, and, in
order that the oxen and cattle which accom-
l>anied the family might not slip on the ice, they
bad to be shod. Some of these same shoes arc
at present a prized possession of the family. Mr.
Wilcox accompanied the newly married couple
on this expedition, and they were the first set-
tlers in Essex, Chittenden county, Vt. The land
was cleared of timber, and there began an ideal
pioneer existence, in which carded wool, spirl-
ning and weaving played an important part, for
the winters were cold, and the process of trans-
forming crude sheep's wool into clothing for the
human frame had to be accomplished under the
low roof of a Vermont cabin. Food was cooked

in the broad fireplace, and a little log house was
built near the spring and there a nursery was
planted from seeds brought from Connecticut.
Later still a new dwellmg house was built on the
knoll, and in this more modern affair Lynos
Buell was born, the father of A. W., and March
i8, 1836, A. W. Buell himself was ushered into
existence in the same little house. Moral
austerity ruled over the establishment of Grand-
father Buell, an instance of which was repeat-
edly furnished when he later kept an inn, and
became a deacon in the Congregational Church.
He allowed no one to go by or travel on the
Sabbath, even if he had to keep them over Sun-
day for nothing. He was also a strict temper-
ance man. He lived to the good old age of
seventy-four years, and his wife survived him
until eighty-four years of age. Two of the sons
were in the war of 1812, Samuel and Orange,
and both were at Plattsburg, the latter attaining
the rank of captain.

Lynos Buell spent his life farming on the old
homestead in Vermont, and he carefully utilized
the two hundred and eighty acres for dairy pur-
poses, and for the raising of fine merino sheep.
He was a selectman for many years, was a
Whig, an abolitionist and a Republican, and a
member of the Congregational Church. He
lived to be seventy-one years of age. The
mother, Hannah (Olin) Buell, was born in
Westford, Chittenden county, Vt., a daughter of
Tames Olin, a native of the vicinity of Bangor,
Me., and an early settler of Vermont, where he
died at the age of ninety years. The Olin familv
was of English descent, an old New Eng-
land family, and the forefathers were as a rule
seafaring men. Mrs. Buell died at the age of
seventy-four years, and was the mother of six
children, five of whom grew to maturity. Rufus
Thompson Buell in 1853 came to California
around the Horn on the Yankee Blade, and now
resides in Santa Ynez, having a farm of fourteen
thousand acres and owning over two thousand
head of cattle. Mary Marion, who became Mrs.
Thompson, died in Colchester, Vt. ; A. W. was
next in order of birth; Analutia died at the age
of eight years; Harlan came to California in
1863, and is a merchant at Watsonville; and
James died m Montecito, where he was post-
master and a merchant.

On his father's farm in \"ermont A. W. Buell
developed ambitious traits of character, which
found an outlet March 17, 1857, the day before
he was twenty-one years of age. The auspicious
occasion was his starting for California from
Burlington, Vt., going by rail to St. Louis and
from there by steamer to Boonville and by stage
to \ersailles, from which point he went in an ox
train to Westport, Mo., where they outfitted.
There were three wagons and three yoke of
oxen for each wagon, eighty head of cattle, forty
horses, and three thousand five hundred sheep.

333

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and sixteen men. Mr. Buell worked his way
through by driving one of the teams for N. Tal-
cott & Co. Their course was up the Platte
river to Fort Laramie, and for fifteen days they
camped on tlie south side of the Platte river. A.
long remembered experience was the crossing of
this river with the cattle and provisions, when
-\Ir. Buell was in the cold water from daylight
to dusk for fourteen days, guiding the sheep as
thev swam to the opposite shore. At night they
were obliged to stand guard to protect the sheep
from the howling wolves, and one night he
himself was nearly killed by these bloodthirsty
animals. Arriving in Humboldt, Mr. Buell left
the train and set out for California, experiencing
great dif^culty in crossing the desert, but arriv-
ing safely in San Francisco, December 24, 1857,
more than ten months after starting on the trip.
The journey across the plains was a compara-
tively uneventful one, judging by the experience
of those who were in advance and who followed
behind, many meeting ruthless death by being
massacred by the Indians and Mormons.

Mr. Buell intended to get work to do in Oak-
land, but found no position, so he walked forty
miles in one day and surprised his brother. R.
T., who had four years previously located in
California at Point Reyes. R. T. Buell was a
graduate of Oberlin College and had been a
teacher for some years, but in California turned
his attention to stock raising. In this locality
Mr. Buell started to farm with a partner, and
they improved some land and put one hundred
and forty acres into barley and thirty acres into
potatoes. When harvest time came around the
grain was cradled and bound by hand, and when
they succeeded in locating a threshing machine
in the neighborhood, they were obliged to
hand out the neat little sum of $40 a day while
they were traveling there and back. This ex-
penditure was not conducive to very exorbitant
gains, and at the time of reckoning in the fall
Mr. Buell had available assets amounting to
fifty cents, a pair of blankets, and a saddle horse,
vi'hich he sold in short order and took himself to
San Francisco with small regret for things left
in the rear. He worked on a milk ranch for a
vear, and performed the feat of getting up at
midniglit, milking numerous cows, and started
for the city before the sun had thought of rising.
A year later he went back to Point Reyes, rented
his brother's dairy, and with Joe Fay as a part-
ner ran the dairy on halves for three years.
During that time business looked up a little
and they made $15,000, in no easy way to be
sure, for they worked night and day, milked
fifty-four cows or more, and had no chance to
fritter away valuable time.

This experience ended, Mr. Buell rented
Steele's dairy, conducted on quite a colossal
scale. One hundred and sixty cows came in
for attention, and the services of ten men were

required, the output of the dairy during one
year being sixty thousand pounds of cheese and
three tons of butler. They also raised hogs.
By the end of five years he had a fine start, and
then went to San Alateo county and engaged in
the dairy business with Fred Thompson for a
year, but not liking this arrangement he decided
to go south, and, accompanied by his brother,
R. T., arrived in Santa Barbara August 14, 1867.
Upon looking around they found a man named
Hughes who owned a half interest in a San
Carlos ranch, and they purchased the other half
of the ranch, consisting of about thirteen thou-
sand acres, after which the brother went back
to Vermont, and Mr. Buell returned to San
Francisco for money. He also bought Canada
Corral rancho, consisting of one league, or
four thousand four hundred and forty-four acres.
In December of 1867 he brought back a fine
herd of cattle for a dairy, shipped lumber from
Pigeon Point for building, erected the dairy and
residence which are still standing, and engaged
in the dairy and stock-raising business. He also
raised sheep, and at one time had thirty-five
hundred head, and upon his pastures grazed
some of the finest horses that ever shook their
manes m Southern California. Belmonts and
Morgans were raised to the exclusion of other
breeds, and here matured Flory, with a record
of two-twenty; Lompoc, with a record of two-
twenty-two and a half; and Bullet, with a record
of two-twenty and a half. San Carlos was later
sold to the brother of Mr. Buell, and Canada
Corral, with its fine record of successes in the
dairying, sheep-raising and stock-raising line
was disposed of to Mr. Hazard, who also bought
eighty head of horses for $10,000, Mr. Buell
reserving six horses for his own use.

Mr. Buell came to Santa Barbara and bought
the property which at present constitutes his
home, and which consists of two and three-
fourths blocks on Milpas and Montecito streets.
Nor does this cover the extent of his property,
for he owns forty acres in Montecito, and con-
siderable other business and residence property
in Santa Barbara, besides the Victoria livery
stable. His own home is improved and beauti-
fied to the extent of the landscape gardener's art,
and is one of the fine places in the city. His
wife, formerly Alary Carter, of Vermont, and
whom he married in Alonterey county in 1868,
is the mother of seven children, and is one of
the interesting pioneer women of the county.
The children are as follows: Mrs. Jennie Mal-
hart, of Oxnard, whose husband is a farmer on
a large scale; Elizabeth, at home; Alonzo, a
resident of Santa Barbara; Mabel and Lena, who
are students in the high school; Louis and Har-
old. Mrs. Buell is a member of the Catholic
Church. In voting at presidential elections Mr.
Buell never deviates from the straight path of
Republicanism.

hJ.I^'

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

335

HON. WILLIAM SCOTT DAY, judge of
the superior court of Santa Barbara county, was
bom in Smith (now Trousdale) county, Tenn.,
March 14, 1848, and was the oldest son of
Henry Douglas and Martha (Kearley) Day, na-
.tives of Tennessee. Ten children comprised the
family, and all but one of the number attained
mature years, seven of these now surviving, but
Judge Day is the only one on the Pacific coast.
The Day family is of Scotch extraction. John
Douglas Day, a native of North Carolina, mar-
ried a member of the Scotch family of McCau-
leys, and settled on the Cumberland river in
Tennessee, where he became a large planter.
His son, Henry D., removed to Arkansas in
1859 and for two years remained on a farm
there, but April, 1861, found him in Illinois,
where he carried on a farm in Union county
vmtil he was accidentally killed at sixty years of
age. His wife, who is of Welsh and Scotch de-
scent, is now more than eighty years old and
continues to reside in Illinois.

When the family moved to Arkansas William
S. Day was eleven years of age, and in 1861
he accompanied them to Illinois, where he at-
tended district schools and the Carbondale Sem-
inar}-. From the age of sixteen he devoted sev-
eral years to teaching school, but in 1872 took
up the study of law under Judge M. C. Craw-
ford, of Jonesboro, 111., and was admitted to the
bar in Mount Vernon, III, in June, 1874. From
that time until 1888 he engaged in professional
work at Jonesboro. In 1876 he was elected
state's attorney of L^nion county, which ofiEce
he filled for four years, after which time he de-
voted himself to his private practice. In 1882
he was admitted to the bar of the supreme court
of the United States. At the election of 1886
he was chosen to represent his district in the
state legislature, where he served in the session
of 1887.

Coming to California in 1888, Mr. Day se-
lected Santa Barbara as his home and here
began a general practice of law. In April, 1897,
Governor Budd appointed him judge of the su-
perior court, to succeed Judge Walter B. Cope,
resigned. At the general election, in the fall of
1898, he was elected, on the Democratic ticket,
by a majority of two hundred and eight in a
county that usually gave a Republican majority
of three hundred and fifty; it is a notable
fact that he was the only Democrat elected at
that time. During his term of office he has held
court in Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernar-
dino, \'entura and San Luis Obispo, as well as
Santa Barbara. As jurist, he is known for fidel-
ity to duty, logical mind, impartial spirit and
lofty principles of honor and justice, and Ijoth
at the bar and on the bench his career has been
t)nc worthy of emulation.

In Jonesboro, 111., Judge Day married Miss
Helen A. Frick, member of a pioneer fainilv di

Illinois that originally came from Germany to
North Carolina. They arc the parents of two
children. The son, William Clarence, after
graduating from the Santa Barbara high school,
entered Leland Stanford University, from which
he was graduated in 1901, at twenty-one years
of age. The daughter, Alice M., graduated from
the high school at fifteen years of age, and is
now attending Bryn Mawr College in Pennsyl-
vania.

During his residence in Illinois Judge Day
was made a Mason and officiated as master of
his lodge. He was also raised to the chapter
and commandery degrees in that state. He is
a charter member of St. Omar Commandery
No. 30, K. T., of which he is past eminent com-
mander. In addition he is a past officer in the
local lodge of Odd Fellows and a member of
the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. In
his religious belief he is a Unitarian, and is now
a member of the board of trustees of his church
in Santa Barbara. Socially he and his family
are honored wherever known, for the talents that
have brought him professional prominence are
no less conspicuous in private and social life.

ALONZO E. HORTON. Probably the most
noted man in San Diego is A. E. Horton. He
belongs to that class of pioneer residents to
whom so large a debt of gratitude is due. Often
alluded to as the father of San Diego, his hi.s-
tory has been inseparably associated with that
of the city. He has lived to see what was in
years gone by an apparently worthless tract of
land transformed into one of the charming
coast cities of California, while all around the
country is prosperous, beautiful and finely cul-
tivated. The history of his early experiences
here reads more like a romance than a chapter
from real life. Everywhere the influence of his
energy and faith in the future was apparent.
His own enthusiasm created the quality in
others. When he landed in San Diego bay on
the steamer Pacific, which had six passengers
and twenty-six tons of freight, he came ashore
m a yawl boat. While waiting for a convevance
to old San Diego he walked to the place where
the courthouse now stands and at once remarked
that the site would be unsurpassed for a citv.
Going TO the old town he found that the six hun-
dred or more acres of level land could be bought
by having the land put up and sold to the high-
est bidder. This was done after a board of trus-
tees of old San Diego had been elected in order
to make the transaction legal. Eleven days
later the sale came off. Two hundred acres
were offered. His bid of $100 was at once ac-
ce|)ted. Then a quarter section was put up: he
hid considerable less than before and secured
tin- land. The sale continued until he had se-
curetl the entire six hun(ln.d, besitk-s (iIIkt
iaiul. uiUii be owned one thciusand acres, com-

336

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

prising Horton's first addition to San Diego.
There -.vere many who beHeved disappointment
awaited him as it had met a Canadian who,
fifteen years before, attempted to make the land
profitable. However, the people who pre-
dicted faikire had not counted on his phicl< and
perseverance. He agreed with General Rose-
crans that, if a railroad could be built troni
Yuma to San Diego, the latter would
make the finest harbor in the world. He
brought a shipload of piles from Santa
Cruz and made arrangements to build a
wharf. To anyone who would erect a building
he donated a lot, and thus soon had more than
twenty buildings. After due consideration he
determined to make Fifth the principal street.
To any man who erected a 12x16 building he
gave a lot, and when twenty-one buildings had
been put up he bought them back (excepting
one). At his own expense he whitewashed the
side to the water front. Through all these meth-
ods the town was widely advertised. In the
carrying out of his plans he employed about
one hundred and fifty men. Special induce-
ments were offered merchants to locate in the
new town. Constant improvements were
made to the streets. It was an era of interest-
ing experiences. Many men refused ofifers
made by him that eventually would have made
them independent fortunes. The Horton House
and Horton's Bank building were the result of
his indefatigable etYorts to build up the town.
Through his efforts a postofifice was established.
Later a daily mail was secured to take the place
of the previous weekly mail. The telegraph com-
pany was induced to build to San Diego after
he had agreed to back the enterprise financially.
As may be imagined, those were very busy
days for him. Indeed, he often accomplished
in a day what five or six other men by their
combined efYorts could not have done. He
seemed tireless. Tliere was no matter too great
or too small for hiiTi to aid by co-operation.
Finding that the gentleman who did all the
freight and passenger business to the town was
exorbitant in his rates, he endeavored to induce
him to make some concessions, and when he
would not Mr. Horton persuaded George
Wright to put the steamer Tabor on between
San Francisco and San Diego, and in this way
passenger fare was reduced from $60 to $30 for
the round trip, while freight was brought down
from $15 to $9 per ton. His influence furnished
employment to a great army of workmen. Just
in all his dealings, these men felt the benefit of
his kindly spirit when, without recjuest on their
part, he reduced the hours of labor per day
from twelve to ten. while at the same time he
was liberal with wages, paying $3 and $6 a day.
When the first bank was started he became its
president. Within nine months after beginning
the erection of the Horton house he had it

completed at a cost of $150,000, and the hotel
was a financial success from the start. For his
iiomestead he selected the place where he
landed on his first arrival here, on Horton
Heights, at what is now State and Olive streets.
1-Vom the first he realized the necessity of se-
curing a railroad for San Diego, and his efforts
w ere constantly bent toward that end, and in the
end he was successful. When he wished to se-
cure the passage of a railroad bill in Congress
for the Texas Pacific he went to Washington,
D. C, and there interviewed Sunset Cox, mem-
ber of Congress from Ohio, who had been a
sianch opponent to the bill. Now, it happened
that Mr. Cox had been attorney for the Panama
men who had sustained a loss during the riot,
and Mr. Horton had been the main witness in
securing damages for these men, costing the
Xew Granada government over $2,000,000. For
this reason Mr. Cox felt ver\- friendly toward
Mr. Horton, and was ready to listen to his argu-
ments. Finally he withdrew his opposition to
the bill, which was passed with the amendment
that fifty miles a year were to be built east
from San Diego and fifty miles or more west
from Fort Yuma.

Turning to the personal history and ancestry
of Mr. Horton, we find that Barnabas, son of
Joseph Horton and a native of Leicestershire,
England, settled in Hampton, Mass., in 1635,
thence going in 1640 to Xew Haven and in
October of the same year to Southold, L. I.
His son, Joseph, removed to Rye, Westchester
county, N. Y. Erastus Horton was born in
Connecticut and died in San Diego, Cal., at
eighty-seven years of age. His wife was Tr^--
phena Burleigh, also a native of Connecticut,
but of Scotch descent; she died in San Diego
when eighty-five years of age. Of their seven
children Alonzo E was the oldest son. The
} oungest daughter is Mrs. W. W. Bowers oi
San Diego. The subject of this article was born
in Connecticut October 24. 1813. When two
years of age he was taken by his parents from
Union, Conn., to Stockbridge, Madison county,
X'. Y., and four years later to Xew Haven,
(Jswego county, X. Y., where his first school
lessons were taken under the direction of Miss
Patty Woodward. When he was eleven the
family moved to the shore of Lake Ontario, and
it was there that his father had an illness that
left him blind. Thenceforward he assisted in
the support of the family, and, after returning
from school, two miles distant, he worked at
basket-making. Soon he left school and spent
his time in chopping wood to supply orders
from Oswego for hewed timber. At twenty
years of age he began to clerk in a store, later
was a lake sailor and afterward captain of the
Wild Goose, ijetween C)swego and Canada. Dur-
ing the winter of 1834-35 he learned the
cooper's trade, his specialty being flour barrels.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

337

Then the city of Oswego elected him constable
liy the largest majority ever given any candi-
date on the Whig ticket.

Upon the advice of a physician, who, how-
ever, tlionght liim incurably ill with consump-
tion, he came west. In 1836 he landed in Mil-
waukee, and for a time he was busily engaged
in making investments, all of which showed his
keen judgment and sound common sense. Xor
were those days devoid of danger, for fre-
quently his life was sought by highwaymen, and
more than once it was only his quick wit that
saved his life. Returning east, he passed the
time until 1840 in employment in various places.
His first western home was purchased in the
town of Oakland, Wis., that year, and his father
and family followed to that locality not long
after. Through investments in cattle in Illinois,
v>'hich lie sold in Wisconsin, in one year he in-
creased his capital of $150 to $4,000. In St.
Louis he saw profits in land warrants and
bought sufficient to locate fifteen hundred acres.
Out of this investment grew the village of Hor-
lonville, Wis. His first town was buried in the
woods, and with eight men he cut a four-mile
road to his proposed mill site. By the time he
had lots to sell he was sawing lumber with
which to improve them. The prices and pay-
ment for material were of small account with
the proprietor. Houses must be built whether
settlers had money or not. In a year from the
completion of the mill there were one hundred
and fifty people living in Hortonville. At the
end of two years he sold the remaining projv
erty there at' a profit of $7,188.

The first trip made by Mr. Horton to Cali-
fornia was in 1851. His mining ventures, unlike
his experiences in other lines of activity, were
not successful. However, in other ways he was
prosperous. He opened a store at Pilot Hill
and constructed a ditch six and one-half miles
long to supply the miners with water. After
a year he sold his waterworks and other inter-
ests for $6,500. His next employment was trad-
ing in gold dust on account of the Adams Ex-
press Company, usually realizing $30 a day in
commissions. After the failure of the company
he began in the work for himself and met with
remarkable success. Although he carried large
C|uantities of gold dust about with him, he man-
aged by dress and actions to lead highwaymen
into believing him to be a "green Yankee," and
he was never attacked. At the same time he
carried on another successful \enture. This was
the putting up of ice twenty-five miles above
(Georgetown, which was so remunerative that
tiireehundredandtwelve tons netted him $8,000.

Among the passengers on the .steamship Cor-
tez, in March, 1856, was Mr. Horton. .\ftcr
the steamer arrived at Panama the memorable
uprising of the natives occurred, and had it not
\icen for his promptness the mob would liave

carried out their plan. Nearly two hundred
persons from the steamer were dining in the
iiotel when the attack took place, but only three
had firearms. The announcement that the riot-
ers were coming caused a stampede from the
table to the upper rooms. On bursting into the
bouse the leading ruffians were halted at the
stairway by Mr. Horton and his aides, and a
few effective shots drove the assailants into the
streets. Immediately a reign of terror began,
and there were many who owed their lives to
Mr. Horton's steady aim in shooting down their
assailants. His coolness and bold action suc-
ceeded in bringing the passengers together in
safety on the ship. He had lost $10,000, but
had the gratification of having saved many lives.
On their arrival in New York the passengers
those Mr. Horton to proceed to Washington
;:nd make a statement of the occurrences at
Panama in response to a demand from the
authorities to that effect. Accepting the ap-
pointment, he gave his time to a settlement of
the claims. A demand for reparation was made
by the LTnited States. However, his own claim
for $10,000 was strenuously opposed by the gov-
ernor of New Granada, who knew the part he
had taken in resisting the attack and who wished
vengeance for the lives lost among his country-
men. As a compromise, Mr. Horton gave up
his claim in order that the others might be paid
the amount of their losses. Starting again to
tlie west after the Civil war, he included a trip
to British Columbia and engaged in mining in
the Caribou district, but unsuccessfully. Reach-
ing San P'rancisco without capital, he tried vari-
ous plans for restoring his lost fortunes, but had
not met anything especially attractive at the
time he heard San Diego discussed as one of
the great cities of the future. The value of the
harbor and climate were the topics of the even-
ing at a private gathering he attended. So im-
pressed was he that sleep was impossible. Get-
ting up, he began a careful study of a map 01
California. He decided that the location was
excellent and offered special inducements, and
determined to go at once. With this decision
he returned to bed and slept soundly until
morning. Within three days his store was
closed and the stock sold. With the proceeds.
less than $.SOO, he started to San Diego, arriving
.\pril 6, 1867. He was pleased beyond his ex-
[lectations, and decided to invest, with the re-
sults previously stated.

It was some time after coming to San Diego
before Mr. Horton could arouse the people to a
necessity of having regular elections, l-'inally he
secured an election for trustees, who were cm-
powered to sell city lands. Candidates were
provided and elected. The property was legally
advertised and sold. A deed to seven hundred
and fifty acres was made at twenty-six cents an
;icre. and the only bidder was Mr. Horton. The

338

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

work of advertising the new city was imme-
diately commenced. His labors were untiring
from the time he measured ofT lots and blocks
with a tape line and laid out the streets for his
workmen to clear from cactus and sage brush
until the winter of 1869-70, when his sales aver-
aged $15,000 a month. From $3,000 in 1867
his receipts increased to nearly $85,000 in i86g.
All the money he received was invested in im-
provements to the town, and it is safe to say
iliat $300,000 have been used by him for that
purpose. His faith never failed him, even when
crops failed for want of rain and croakers be-
gan to publish accounts of retrogression and
certain death to the enterprise. In every way
his fellow-citizens have endeavored to show him
the respect which they hold for his judgment
and ability. In the senatorial contest of 1871
he carried his own county (although it usually
gave a large Democratic majority), and only
failed of election by reason of the adjoining
countv giving the usual Democratic major-
ity.

While living .in Wisconsin Mr. Horton mar-
ried Sally Millington Wright, who was born
in New York, and died in Jefferson county.
Wis. His second marriage united him with Miss
Sarah Wilson Babe, who died while on a visit
in the east. His present wife was Lydia M.
Knapp, a native of Massachusetts. One of the
endearing traits in Mr. Horton's character was
his long and kind care of his parents. From
an early age the burden of their support largely
fell upon him, and not only did he discharge
every duty that filial affection prompted, but
l":e also gave them that love which made their
latest years their happiest and most comfortable,
and his tenderness toward his mother made the
separation from him the severing of the dear-
est and last earthly tie before her departure
from this world.

HON. POMEROY W. POWERS. The de-
cade which measures Mr. Powers' identifica-
lion with the building activities of Los Angeles
represents an era of great importance in his
life. Shortly after coming to this city, in 1892,
he became a member of the real estate firm of
Bowen & Powers, one of whose chief enter-
jjrises was the improvement of the Jones tract,
between Pico and Sixteenth streets and West
Union avenue, by the building of almost all
of the two-story residences now to be seen on
that tract. Since Ihe erection of these buildings
the firir; has improved property in other parts
of the city, and has also maintained important
mining mterests.

Near Canandaigua. at Rushvillc, 'i'ntes county,
N. Y., Mr. Powers was born February 19, 1852,
being the second child of B. W. and Sinah L.
(Hudson) Powers, natives of Rushville. His
paternal grandfatlier was an attorney, while his

maternal grandfather, John Hudson, was a large
farmer. For years B. W. Powers bought and
sold live stock in his native town, but about 1855
lie moved to Lyons, Iowa, where he became a
large contractor. Going to Kansas in i860, he
was a member of the company that laid out the
town of Irving, on Blue river, in Marshall
county, five miles below Blue Rapids, and he
bought one hundred and si.Kty acres in that
vicinity, but the great drought of the same year
discouraged him and he sought a home amid the
more encouraging surroundings of Alanhaltan,
Kans. In addition to cultivating land near there,
he engaged in contracting, and for several years
served as a member of the city council. His
death occurred in 1891, when he was visiting in
Kansas City. Politically, he voted with the Re-
publicans, while in religion he was a Methodist.
His wife, who is now eighty-eight years of age,
inakes her home in Kansas City. They were
the parents of three sons and three daughters,
all of whom are living but one daughter.

The public schools and Bluemont College of
Manhattan, Kans.. afforded Pomeroy W. Pow-
ers excellent educational advantages. It was his
father's determination that each boy should
learn a trade, and he was apprenticed for four
_\ears to a harness-maker in ^lanhattan. At the
expiration of his time he began selling lumber
at Junction City, Kans., and after nine years in
that place went to Kansas City as general man-
ager of the Western Lumber Company's offices.
Shortly afterward he was chosen president of
llie company, and under his able management
the company acquired the ownership of many
yards, principally on the Santa Fe line. His
rise from an employe to the president of the
company within a comparatively short period
shows that he has an abundant supply of energy,
force of character and resourcefulness. The
?even years of his service as president were
cliaracterized by a steady growth and large pro-
])ortionate increase in the company's business.
In addition to this important responsibility he
engaged considerably in buying and selling
property and erecting houses, all of which fitted
him for his subsequent career in Los Angeles.
( hi severing his associations with Kansas City
he moved to the Pacific coast.

In Chenango county, N. Y., Mr. Powers mar-
ried Miss Ida Bowen, who was born in German,
that comity. They are the parents of seven
chiklren, namely: lienjamin Nelson, who acts
as superintendent of the building business of P.
W. Powers; Hale P.. who is engaged in the
laltle business at Junction City. Kans.; Grace
1')., Mrs. 1 lanuas, of Los Angeles: John R., a
student in the State Agricultural College of
.Manhattan. Kans.; Clifford, Earl and Mav.' Dur-
ing the .'^iiaiiish-.American war John l\. was n
soldier in llie army, having enlisted in C umiiany
1", Seventh California Infantry.

^.W.^^-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

341

Since coming to Los Angeles Mr. Powers has
taken an active part in politics, and has become
known as an earnest and pronounced supporter
of Republican principles. Three times he has
been chosen to act upon the county central com-
mittee and each term his service has been char-
acterized by activity, keen judgment and fidelity
to the party's welfare. The Union League Club
numbers him among its members. During De-
cember, 1900, he was nominated to represent the
Fourth ward in the common council and was
elected by the largest majority given any can-
didate for the council that year. On the or-
ganization of the council he was elected its
president, and this post he now fills, having also,
during the absence of Mayor Snyder, served
several times as acting executive of Los An-
geles. In his office he has done good service
not merely for his party but for the entire citi-
zenship, being one of those men who, while
they advocate the principles of their party, yet
rise above narrow partisanship in their desire
to promote the welfare of their home city and
advance the interests of their fellow-citizens.

FELIX WINFIELD EWING was born in
Wayne county. III, May 27, 1849, and is the
only child of James and Harriet (Huston) Ew-
ing, natives respectively of Indianapolis, Ind.,
and Wayne county, 111. His paternal grandpar-
ents, Joshua and Ann Ewing, natives of Ohio,
removed to Indianapolis, where the former en-
gaged in milling and contracting. The maternal
grandfather, Joseph Huston, was a pioneer of
Wayne county. 111., where he married Clarissa
Skinner. After working as a postal contractor
in Wayne county, James Ewing became an early
settler of central Illinois, near Decatur, where
at first he continued in the occupation he had
previously followed, and later engaged in agri-
culture. In 1865 he removed to the vicinity of
Portland, Ore., where he continued as a man-
ufacturer until his retirement from business life.
Later he removed with his family to Ashland,
Ore., where he died October 13, 1878. His
widow passed away March 21, 1889, while
visiting in Ellensburgh, Wash., and was
iniried beside her husband in the Ashland cem-
etery.

When si.xteen years of age Mr. Ewing ac-
companied his parents by wagon train across
the plains from Decatur, 111., to Portland, Ore.,
following up the Platte river, then going to the
Columbia, and traveling down the same. After
an interesting though dangerous journey of six
months he reached his destination and shortly
afterward became a student in a high school
near Portland. Subsequently he attended an
academy at Ashland and then taught school in
that vicinity, while pursuing law studies in the
office of Judges Kahler and Watson at Jackson-
ville. Not having sufificient means to enable

him to continue legal work exclusively, in De-
cember, 1875, he went to Modoc county, Cal.,
where he taught school for a time in addition
to his law studies.

In May, 1877, Mr. Ewing was admitted to
the bar of the twenty-first judicial district court
of California, and in May, 1881, was licensed
by the supreme court in Sacramento. In the
fall of 1877 he was elected district attorney of
Modoc county, an office which he filled for three
successive terms. He continued to reside at Al-
turas, Modoc county, where he practiced law
with nnich success until 1889, when he toured
the state of Washington in search of a new
home, but finally, in December of that year, set-
tled with his family in San Diego, where he re-
mained until going to San Buena Ventura, his
present home.

Since establishing himself in San Buena Ven-
tura, August 8, 1892, Mr. Ewing has engaged in
the practice of law. A partnership which he
formed with N. Blackstock (now railroad com-
missioner) January 2, 1893, has continued ever
since, and the firm of Blackstock & Ewing is
well and favorably known in the community.
In addition to a large general practice they act
as attorneys for the bank of William Collins &
Sons, Santa Paula Bank, A. Levy & Co., bank-
ers, and the Ventura County Lumber Company.
They have a fine suite of well-equipped offices
in the Collins Bank Block, and possess one of
the best law libraries in Southern California.
The two partners own a ranch of eighteen hun-
dred acres, where they carry on a general stock
and farming business, finding in the manage-
ment of the property a relaxation from their
professional labors.

Since attaining mature years Air. Ewing has
been an adherent of the Democratic party and
now takes a leading part in its local councils,
his interest being demonstrated by his labors
as chairman of the Ventura Democratic central
committee, which office he filled for two terms
with zeal and intelligence. In 1S98 he was his
party's nominee for district attorney in Ventura
county, and was elected, running six hundred
votes ahead of his ticket. He assumed the du-
ties of his office in January, 1899, for a term of
four years, and is discharging its obligations effi-
ciently. Fraternally he is a past officer in the
order of Odd Fellows.

The. marriage of Mr. Ewing and Miss Bertie
Somers Kemble was solemnized in Lake City,
Modoc county, Cal., August 29, 1877. Mrs.
Ewing was born in Jefiferson City, Mo., but re-
ceived her education in a Sacramento (Cal.)
academy. Two children have blessed their
union, Edna Maude and James Feli.x. Mr. Ew-
ing owns and occupies with his family a fine
modern residence in Ventura-by-the-Sea, which
commands beautiful views of the city and the
bay.

342

JIISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

WARREN C. KLMBALL. Some years ago
die writer of this article, with a party of friends
from the east, was enjoying a tour through
California. They were one day in National City,
and chance led them to a pretty homestead
nestling among the trees, whose owner, with
the typical westem hospitality, bade them wel-
come and took them on a tour of inspection
over his ranch. This gentleman was none
other than Mr. Kimball. Although a stranger
to all of his guests, his courtesy and friendly
spirit were so marked as to leave a delightful
impression in the minds of his visitors, and not
one of them has ever forgotten the few hours
spent at Olivewood ranch.

A resident of San Diego county since 1868,
Mr. Kimball was born near Concord, N. H., in
1839. September 14, 1861, he arrived in San
Francisco with his two brothers, Frank and
Levi, all of whom engaged in contracting and
l.'uilding for nearly ten years under the firm
name of Kimball Bros. In 1871 he came to
the present site of National City, where in 1868
he had bought a Spanish land grant containing
26,632 acres, purchasing in partnership with his
brothers. At once the land was surveyed into
tracts of from ten to one hundred and sixtyacres,
and these the proprietors began to sell. About
five square miles were utilized in the survey
for the town of National City, which they laid
out and divided into blocks and streets. On
tne property remaining in their possession they
kept a flock of several thousand sheep. In 1872
they made a resurvey of National City and
changed the streets so as to run north and south,
or east and west. Realizing the need of railroad
facilities, they did all within their power to se-
cure the same, and in 1869 bonded ten thousand
acres to the Memphis & El Paso Railroad
under General Fremont, but the road was
never built through to California, and the land
reverted to the original owners, the Kimball
brothers. In 1869 they organized a water com-
pany, taking the supply for irrigation and do-
mestic use from Sweetwater river. After many
years of connection with the sheep business in
J 881 they disposed of their flocks and turned
their attention to the raising of fruit.

As early as the fall of 1868 Frank Kimball
had built a house on the ranch, and in 1872
Warren C. began the erection of a commodious
residence. It is here that he has since made
his home. The community is under great obli-
gations to them on account of their efforts to
interest others in horticulture, and it was they
who first proved that fruit could be raised on
the bay. Tliey were among the first to intro-
duce oranges in this district and the first to
plant olive trees, having set out an orchard of
fifteen hundred trees in 1875. Water for the
orchard was supplied by a windmill. Besides
the olives fifty acres were planted in oranges

and lemons. By the e.xercise of sound com-
mon sense in their work they made the orchards
linanciaily remunerative, and their thrifty ap-
pearance and evident success inspired other
men to embark in horticulture. However, it
was not sufficient to merely interest people al-
ready residing here. They realized the neces-
sity of interesting eastern capital. With this
idea in view, they have always been foremost
m planning for exhibits in various parts of the
United States. In 1885 they made an exhibit
of a carload of fruit at the New Orleans Expo-
sition, paying personally all the expenses inci-
dent to the exhibition. This was the first exhi-
bition of California fruit at any point east of
the Rocky mountains^ and not only brought
them eighteen first premiums, but stimulated
thousands to inquiry concerning the resources,
climate and opportunities offered by California.
In 1886 the brothers shipped a carload of fruit
to Boston, this being the first California product
ever sent to New England. A tasteful exhibi-
tion of the fruit was made in historic old South
Church. While they paid all expenses person-
ally, the good accomplished was not limited to
them, but embraced all residents of San Diego
county. In 1880 they held the first horticul-
tural and agricultural fair in New York City
under the auspices of the National Ranch
Grange, of which they were the heads.

The question of irrigation has always en-
gaged the best thought and attention of the
brothers. Believing that the highest prosperity
could never be attained until this problem was
solved, they early set themselves to find some
way out of the difficult)'. They were active in
securing eastern capital for the building of the
now famous Sweetwater dam, one of the largest
of its kmd in the world. At another time Frank
went to Boston and completed all the negotia-
tions for the buildmg of the California South-
ern Railroad from Barstow to National City. To
this road in 1880 they donated ten thousand
acres situated on the bay front and known as
the Chulavista tract. They were also financially
interested in the National City & Otay Railroad,
and were stockholders in the San Diego Land
and Town Coriipany. In fact, there was no
movement for local progress that lacked their
support and co-operation. They are, indeed,
the fathers of the town.

The marriage of Warren C. Kimball united
him with Flora JNI. Morrill, a lady of superior
ability and culture. Like her husband, a native
of New Hampshire, she grew to mature years
m that state, and in 1862 came to California,
where she afterward resided. A lover of the
beautiful, she was of the greatest assistance to
her husband in the beautifying of their home
and the wide-spreading lawn contains many
rare trees which she secured and planted. Nor
did her efforts cease there. She was very active

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

343

in setting out trees and otherwise rendering
the town attractive, and all of the shade trees
along the public roads are the result of her
forethought and wise planning for the future.
In 1875 the San Diego Chamber of Commerce
offered a prize of $75 for the best article writ-
ten on San Diego county and its general im-
provements, and this prize was awarded to ]\Irs.
Kimball by competent judges. For many years
she was a corresponding editor of the San fraii-
cisco Granger, which responsible position she
filled in a most efficient manner. Her death,
July 2, 1898, was a deep bereavement to Mr.
Kimball, to whom she had been helpmate, coun-
selor, friend and companion for so many years.

HENRY P. WOOD. Through travel in
various parts of the world Mr. Wood has gained
a cosmopolitan knowledge that makes him a
valued citizen of his home town of San Diego.
Since May, 1892, he has made his home in this
city, where for many years he has been inti-
mately associated with all movements tending
to the development of an increased supply of
water for the rich lands of San Diego county,
realizing that an abundance of water for irriga-
tion is the basis of prosperous conditions
throughout the southwest. From 1892 to 1899
he held office as the Hawaiian consul at San
Diego, continuing until the office was discon-
tinued in the latter year. Like many of Cali-
fornia's progressive men, he has mining inter-
ests in the west. He is especially interested in
the Inglewood mine in Tyson's valley, Yuma
county, Ariz., and is now president of the Ingle-
wood Mining Company. His time is, however,
practically devoted to the discharge of his
duties as secretary of the San Diego Chamber
of Commerce, to which office he was appointed
in May, 1899, and which he has since held.
There is no movement that has contributed
more constantly and effectively to the growth of
San Diego than has the Chamber of Commerce,
which, since its establishment in 1874, has had
a continuous existence, and is now the leading
business association in the city. With a mem-
1)ership of about five hundred, it is indicative of
the best thought and advancement of the town,
and is typical of the recent material development
of local resources. One of the most attractive
features of the chamber, which has a central
location on Sixth and D streets, is its exhibit
of local products, showing the fine quality of the
citrus fruits grown in this part of California and
setting forth the advances made in other direc-
tions by the progressive men to whom the
present prosperity is due. Mr. Wood is also a
member of the board of directors and secretary
of the San Diego Eastern . Railway Company,
an organization formed under the auspices of
the San Diego Chamber of Commerce for the

purpose of securing a direct line of railway east
from San Diego to the Colorado river.

The first of the Wood family in America was
Alexander Wood, a native of England and a
pioneer on the Hudson river in New York.
His son, Cornelius, born in New York and a
farmer by occupation, had a son, John, whose
birthplace was Newburgh-on-the-Hudson. The
latter moved to Oswego, N. Y., where he was a
builder and owner of boats, and engaged in a
transportation business on the lakes. Hiram
W., son of John, was born in Oswego and be-
came a wholesale commission merchant, first
in New York and later in New Orleans. Going
to California in 1850, he began mining in Ne-
vada county, where he also carried on a store.
His last days were spent on the Hawaiian
Islands, where he died. He had married Jane,
daughter of William Patton, of Irish descent.
She was born in Newburgh, N. Y., and died in
Nevada county, Cal. The only child of their mar-
riage, Henry P., was born in Nevada county,
Cal., June 2, 1855, and received his education
principally in Hudson Academy at Newburgh,
N. Y. In 1877 he went to Hawaii and began
the work of superintendent of a training school
on the Isle of Maui, from which point in 1879
he went to Kohala, Island of Hawaii, to take
charge of a mercantile establishment. After a
residence of eleven years on the islands in 1888
he returned to California. He has also made
several trips to England and traveled exten-
sively on the continent. Between 1888 and 1892
he went to Central America traveling on foot
and by canoe along the line of the Nicaragua
canal, in which way he gained a thorough
knowledge of tJiis vast undertaking. In 1897,
as the special representative of the Southern
California Chambers of Commerce, he went to
Washington, D. C, in behalf of the movement
for the completion of this canal. Again, in
1901, he represented San Diego in Washington
in behalf of canal and harbor improvements.

During his residence in Hawaii Mr. Wood
married Miss Emma Wight, who was born and
reared there. Her father, James Wight, was
born in East India, the son of an officer in the
English army. Given excellent educational ad-
vantages, he graduated in medicine from a uni-
versity in Edinburgh and then located for
practice in Australia, but from that island re-
moved to Hawaii in 1850. During the halt cen-
tury that has since elapsed he has become the
owner of a large sugar plantation, and is one
of the most prominent citizens of his locality.
By his marriage Mr. Wood has two daughters,
Ada and Ethel. I<"raternally he is connected
with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks;
in politics is a Republican and in religion an
Episcopalian. Among his other associations is
that of membership in the National Geographic
Society.

344

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

E. A. RIZOR. From a French and German
ancestry Mr. Rizor inherits the rehable traits
of character wliich have contributed to the reali-
zation of his plans in life and which have placed
him among the foremost lawyers in Santa Bar-
bara. He was born in Columbus, Ohio, August
II, 1868, a son of J. S. Rizor, who was born
near Coshocton, Ohio, and is now living in re-
tirement in Santa Barbara. The great-grand-
father Rizor was born in Alsace-Lorraine, and
upon immigrating to America located first in
Maryland and then went to the vicinity of Co-
shocton, Ohio, where he farmed and where he
eventually died. The paternal grandfather was
a merchant tailor by occupation, but his life was
a comparatively short one, and he also died in
Ohio.

Although a harness-maker by trade, after re-
moving to Columbus, Ohio, J. S. Rizor engaged
in general contracting. Later he took up his
residence in Illinois, and afterward turned his
attention to mining in Colorado. In 1880 he
located in Fort Scott, Kans., and engaged in
mercantile pursuits, and was equally successful
a? a general contractor up to the time of his
retirement and removal to Santa Barbara in
1891. His wife, Mrs. M. C. (Trindle) Rizor,
was born in Clifton, Greene county, Ohio, a
daughter of William Trindle, a native of Penn-
sylvania. The Trindle family came from the
north of Ireland, a fine old family of land own-
ers and prominent men in their respective com-
munities. The great-great-grandfather Trindle
was an Irish nobleman, and his two younger
sons immigrated to America and bought a large
tract of land, upon a portion of which Mechan-
icsburg, Pa., now stands. The paternal grand-
father settled in Ohio, where he was successful
as a farmer and stock raiser. Mrs. Rizor, who
is still living, has two children, her daughter
Emma being the wife of C. E. Welch of Los
Angeles, Cal.

E. A. Rizor was reared in Illinois and Colo-
rado and graduated from the high school and
business college of Fort Scott. As a temporary
means of livelihood he learned telegraphy with
the Western Union, and by this company was
stationed at Wichita, Kans. He later engaged
with the Santa Fe Railroad Company and was
stationed in the Indian Territory and Texas.
In 1891 he came to Santa Barbara and began
the study of law under Hon. J. J. Boyce, ex-
state senator, completing his studies with Judge
D. P. Hatch of Los Angeles. After being
admitted to the bar in 1894 he engaged in gen-
eral practice in Los Angeles until 1896, when
he took up his permanent residence in Santa
Barbara, and has since worked up a large prac-
tice. He is a Republican in politics and ex-
member of the county central committee.

Mr». Rizor was formerly Mabel Kiler, born
in San Rafael, Cal., and one of the Native

Daughters of the Golden West. Her father,
Edmund F". Kiler, an early settler in California,
was for many years identified with the redwood
country, and is now a commission merchant and
an extensive farmer near Santa Barbara.

FRANK P. FRARY, mayor of San Diego,
has made his home in this city since 1875. Of
l""rench descent he was born in Fremont, Ohio,
December 7, 1856, and is the only son of Orin
P. and Martha J. (Smith) Frary, natives of the
same town as himself. His father, who was the
fon of a New Yorker, grew to manhood in
Fremont, and from there went into the Civil
war as second lieutenant of Company A, One
Hundred and Eleventh Ohio Infantry. At the
close of the war he settled in Lansing, Mich.,
where he carried on a drug business for some
years, but is now living retired.

P>om 1868 to 1875 trank P. Frary made his
b.ome in Lansing, Mich., and attended the
schools of that city. December 8, 1875, was
the date of his arrival in San Diego, and at
once he secured employment with the Coast
Line Stage Company between San Diego and
Santa Ana. In 1882 he obtained the contract
to carry mail and operate a stage line between
San Diego and Julian, a distance of sixty miles,
and in this work he continued steadily until
1897, when he sold out. In the mean time, he
also had the Cuyamaca line from Lakeside to
Cuyamaca. During 1886 he bought an interest
in the Westcott & Webb Transfer Line, firm
name Westcott, Webb & Frary. The Pioneer
Truck Company was incorporated May 15,
i88q, Mr. Frary being secretary, treasurer
and manager, while Mr. Westcott holds the
ofifice of president. The company conducts a
general storage, transfer and freight business,
and makes a specialty of heavy work. Besides
his close connection with this growing and im-
portant enterprise, Mr. Frary is interested in
the Encinitas Copper Mining and Smelting
Company, of which he has been secretary and
treasurer since its incorporation and which
owns and operates a good mine.

Elected to the board of delegates on the Re-
publican ticket in 1896, Mr. Frary's re-election
in 1898 proved his popularity as a city official,
Avhile his choice as president of the board fur-
ther emphasized his recognition as a man of
ability. He is a member of the San Diego
Chamber of Commerce. In April of 1901 he
was elected mayor of the city of San Diego and
May 6, same year, was installed as mayor for a
term of two years. His important position he
has filled to the satisfaction of all. After com-
ing to this city he was made a Mason in San
Diego Lodge No. 35, F. & A. M. For many
years he has been secretary of San Diego Lodge
No. 153, I. O. O. F., and at one time he served
as noble grand, while he acts as scribe of Cen-

■<r^ y^tu^^'

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

347

teiinial Encampment No. 58. In addition, he
is connected with the Foresters of America, and
Woodmen of the World. His marriage took
place in San Francisco and united him with
-Miss Maud Thayer, who was born in that city,
of an old family of New Hampshire. They have
two daughters, Ruth and Gladys.

CAPT. WILLIAM MOORE was born near
Augusta, Me., April 3, 1827, on the Kennebec
river, the night that the famous bridge of the
.same name was burned. William and Sarah
(Reed) Moore were his father and mother.
They were born in County Tyrone, north of Ire-
land, but were Scotch and Protestants. In 18 19
they crossed the ocean to St. Johns, New
Brunswick, neither of them at the time being
more than twenty years of age. Their two eld-
est children were born in Canada. Shortly
afterward they moved to Augusta, Me. They
were of a family of farmers and linen weavers,
manufacturing their own flax, and having from
twenty to thirty weavers with liand looms. In
America they became farmers and their four
sons and four daughters were reared on a farm.
Of these children, two sons and one daugh-
ter survive. Andrew and James (twins) are
builders, doing an extensive business in Kansas
City, Mo. Another brother, Joseph Moore
(now deceased) owned a large tract of land in
Missouri and during the Civil war served as
colonel of a Missouri federal regiment.

After having learned the carriage-making
trade.in 1848, when scarcely twenty-one years of
age, William Moore began to manufacture car-
riages, buggies and sleighs in Lewiston Falls,
Me. There he belonged to a military band and
played the cornet. His military coat, high grena-
dier hat and brass horn (about fifty years old) are
in the possession of his family in Los Angeles.
One of his sisters married a Quaker and settled
near Philadelphia; their son and daughter are
living in Southern California and these are Wil-
liam Moore's only relatives in California, be-
sides his wife and children. As a boy and young
man William was held in high esteem among
his associates. He was always quiet and unas-
suming, but strong in his opinions when he be-
lieved he was in the right. He possessed an
unusual fondness for reading, which continued
to his last illness. This he credited in a measure
to an early acquaintance with two neighbor
school teachers. Many profitable evenings were
spent with them, eagerly reading history or
other books which they were kind enough to
offer him. He had an excellent memory and
could recite pages of Burns', Scott's, and
^Moore's poetry, besides which he was a con-
stant reader of general literature — politics, his-
tory, travels and romance, and he could recite
or read Scotch dialect admirably. He had a
fair knowledge of music and was an excellent

Spanish scholar. In fact, he had information on
a variety of subjects and was an interesting con-
versationalist, possessing unconscious wit and
humor, and with a quaint way of expressing his
thoughts. His smooth brow and tranquil eye,
at seventy, showed his serene disposition and
equable temperament, and his affable disposition
made many friends and few or no enemies.

Occasionally he would refer to the old days
of Los Angeles and tell pioneer stories. Friends
would listen with surprised interest, but he was
seldom in the mood to revert to the past. Fre-
quently he was asked to contribute notes for
publication, but he always smilingly declined;
the same when asked to parade on the Fourth of
July, not because he was not patriotic, but be-
cause he was devoid of personal vanity and
averse to display. Once he told the story of
"Peg-leg" Smith and his mine, but the writer
remembers only the end — there was no "Peg-
leg" mine — only a myth to lure men to journeys
and disappointments. Now and then he re-
ferred to his trip from San Francisco to Los
Angeles. He missed the occasional steamer and
determined to come on horseback, but his pur-
chase proving troublesome, he turned it loose
and made the entire journey on foot. To one
of his disposition the trip seemed neither long
nor tedious, for he was young and in fine health
and spirits, had two gold "slugs" in his pocket
that he had mined in Napa mountains, and was
interested in seeing a new country and so much
of it. One night he came to a deserted hut and
rested. A dry, stiff hide was by the side of the
road. This he pulled over him and laughed as
he did so, thinking it was better than nothing,
and likening it to the comfort of a door for a
covering.

A curious account is narrated of a night
spent by George Hansen and William Moore
in an old Spanish house that possessed crude
carved wooden images of saints and apos-
tles. The two men occupied the rooms
where these relics were, but had not no-
ticed them upon retiring. Awakening in the
night, the moon was shining and lighting up the
ghastly images in a startling manner, giving
the young surveyors sensations of a curious
presence in the room, and it is not surprising
that they could not sleep.

William Moore left New York for California
on the 4th of July, 1852, engaged about eighteen
months in the lumber regions of Napa and in
mining. He arrived in Los Angeles April 3,
1854, on the twenty-seventh anniversary of his
birth. For a time he worked at carriage-mak-
ing here, and helped to make the first carriage
in the city, but soon applied himself to survey-
ing, and continued in that business until a short
time before his death. He was first connected
with George Hansen in surveying and engi-
neering, and they continued li'felong friends.

348

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

sometimes alternating in office and at other
times working together. Plis name appears on
many of the maps on record in this county as
surveyor, often as owner of property. For about
forty-three years he worked and Hved in and
about Los Angeles, and meantime watched the
growth of the place from a few scattered adobe
houses to a city of one hundred thousand, with
elegant public and private buildings. He sur-
veyed ranches, county lines and city property,
was familiar with Spanish grants and old titles,
and was continually examining records and help-
ing people to adjust their lines when in question.
He laid out ditches, reservoirs and tunnels. In
1858-59 he was county surveyor; in 1873-74
served as city surveyor or street commissioner.
These offices were then merged, and this was
the first attempt to establish uniform grades in
the city of Los Angeles. \'ery curious was the
appearance of some of the main streets, as the
writer remembers them. Some lots were up
and some down, and steps and stairs were made
to pass from one height to another, involving
fatigue and circumlocution in walking a short
distance. Strenuous opposition to improvement
made the office of city surveyor anything but
pleasant. He was often called upon in city and
county courts to give expert testimony in old
suits to settle boundaries, for at one time or an-
other he had surveyed nearly every foot of land
in the county. He had a keen memory for old
landmarks and "corners" and could tell where
to dig for long-buried stakes and "monuments."
By disinterested advice and assistance he en-
deared himself to many old pioneers and Span-
ish settlers, and was often consulted and ren-
dered valuable assistance freely.

The title of captain by which he was known
came to him through his service as captain of
a company of California infantry at the opening
of the Civil war. In 1861 a wave of patriotism
spread over our broad land, reaching the Pa-
cific coast and the new state of California, ^len
(|uickly stepped into line ami perfected them-
selves in military tactics. It was then William
Moore organizeil and drilled a company under
the President's first call for troops of Los An-
geles soldiers. Though impatient to go to the
seat of war, they were doomed to disappoint-
ment, for, instead of being ordered east, they
were made home guards.

In the home of Gen. \'olney Howard, of San
Gabriel, January 3, 1874, Rev. C. F. Loop, of
Pasadena, united in marriage William JNIoore
and Mary E. Hall, a native of New York.
George Hansen, Prudent Beaudry and a few
other friends were present. Two children were
l;orn of the union, I'Torence and Hansen, twen-
ty-four and twenty-two years old, healthy and
happy young people, still living with their
mother on East Twentieth street, Los Angeles,
which has been the familv home for twentv

years. Graded streets are invading their home
neighborhood and their once prolihc orchard is
liable to be divided. The only son, Hansen
Moore, who combines the names of two worthy
surveyors and lifelong friends, is si.x feet and
two inches in height and weighs two hundred
and forty-five pounds. The daughter is a grad-
uate of the Los .\ngeles high school.

In 1876 Captain Moore and his wife visited
the Centennial, and visited his mother, sisters
and brothers, who then lived near Philadelphia
and in ^Missouri, and the reunions after an ab-
sence of the son for twenty-five years were
very pleasant. The dear old mother had prayed
daily for her absent son, and could scarcely
realize his actual presence. She would look
long at the stout, mature man, and say he "could
not be the slender William who left home to see
the world so many years ago."

Captain Moore died January 11, 1897. The
funeral took place in a pitiless rain. Friends
and neighbors wended their way in carriages
through splashing mud and water to bear him
to his last resting place, but as they reached
Rosedale cemetery the sun shone oiu clear for
a few moments during the service. Shortly be-
fore he died, after a brief sleep. Captain ]\iooro
raised one hand and then the other, then waved
both at once, as though directing an assistant
surveyor. Doubtless thoughts of the old voca-
tion flitted through his mind, but at last the
final signal was given and his course was run.
Surveyors wave both hands to denote comple-
tion, and that was evidently what he intended
to express, failing to speak. His was a peace-
ful, harmonious life; gentle and kind in his
home: cheerful and dignified among men. The
manner of his burial was in keeping with his
dislike for display. So far as learned his relatives
are good citizens, doing their duty in their
everyday life, to family, neighborhood and coun-
try. Several pursued mechanical vocations; one
was district attorney of Salina, Mo.; several
were farmers and others soldiers. Two nephews.
Walter B. and Robert A. Moore, were officers in
the late war. The family has always been re-
spected, and scores of Los Angeles pioneers
knew and esteemed William Moore, the old sur-

JAMES C. RIVES. A career worthy of
emulation from many standpoints, strong and
disccrnmg in its recognition and acceptance of
opportunity, is that of James C. Rives, district
attorney, horticulturist and promoter of the
well-being of Los Angeles and vicinity. In main-
taining the reputation of an enviable ancestry
Mr. R.ives has worked unaided along the de-
\ious paths to present success, for at a verv
early age he was face to face with responsibilitv
and the formation of his own future. He was
born near .\tlanta, Ga.. January 4, 1846, a .son

HISTURICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

349

of Dr. Burrell and Elizabeth A. (Taylor) Rives,
natives, respectively, of Fulton and Morgan
counties, Ga., and the mother a descendant of
the Alexander H. Stephens family. The pa-
ternal grandfather. Rev. Jackson Rives, was
born in \'irginia and came of a family long
represented in the Old Dominion, the immigrat-
ing ancestor having come from the home of his
forefathers in England. Later bearers of the
name shouldered their muskets on the fields of
Bunker Hill and Brandywine.

Rev. Jackson Rives was a clergyman in the
Baptist denomination in Georgia, and in later
life entered the mercantile ranks, his useful life
extending beyond the Biblical allotment to more
than a cycle of years. His son. Dr. Burrell
Rives, was a graduate physician and practiced
his profession in Georgia and \'irginia. During
the Civil war he sided with the Confederacy, and
was a surgeon in Gen. Joe Wheeler's division of
General Bragg's army. In 1867 he started for
California with his family via the southern route,
Init upon arrivmg at Sulphur Blufifs, Tex., re-
mained there for two years. In 1869 he again
started across the plains and through Arizona
to San Diego, locating in the Los Nietos val-
ley, near the present site of Downey, where he
]:>racticed medicine until his death in 1880, at
the age of forty-one years. His wife, who is
living with her son, James C, is the mother of
six children, four of whom attained maturity,
and three are living, James C. being second.
Edward is a pharmacist, while John Logan, a
graduate of the State Normal, is engaged in
educational work in Los Angeles.

A vivid recollection is still retained by Mr.
Rives of the journey across the plains from
Texas, of the ox teams with their obstinate en-
durance, the raids upon the stock by the In-
dians and the ever-present dangers of the over-
land trail. He was educated at the district
schools of the Los Nietos valley, but because of
the early death of his father was obliged to go to
work when fourteen years of age that he might
assist in the family maintenance. He therefore
applied himself to the printer's trade in Los
Angeles, and between 1880 and 1884 worked on
the ditiferent dailies in the city. In the mean-
time he had gained a fair knowledge of general
newspaper work, and in 1885 started the
Downey U'cchly Rc7nc2i.\. a periodical managed
with gratifying success for three years. An
opportunity presenting itself to dispose of the
paper on good terms, he applied himself to the
further study of law. with which he had already
familiarized himself during the leisure of the
past few years. L'pon being admitted to the
bar in 1887 he began to practice in Los Angeles,
where his correct understanding of legal science.
his personal kindliness and tact won for him
an almost immediate recognition.

As a stanch adherent of Republican princi-

ples and issues Mr. Rives has ever taken a keen
interest in the undertakings of his party, and
m 1898 he was nominated for the office of dis-
trict attorne}', and was elected by one of the
largest majorities ever received by a county
(jfficial, his showing being nearly five thousand
over his opponent. January i, 1899, he assumed
control of the office, the arduous duties of which
necessitate the employment of six deputies.
The administration of ^Ir. Rives has been well
received throughout, his executive ability, his
decisive handling of difficult situations, and his
devotion to the best interests of the people, hav-
ing won for him the praise of all who believe
that public office is public trust. For many
years he has been on the state central connnit-
tee and the county central executive committee,
and has taken an active part in stumping the
state.

Notwithstanding the fact that his most aggres-
sive and responsible interests have been cen-
tered in Los Angeles, Mr. Rives has always
lived at Downey, where he owns an eighty-acre
ranch, and one of the most delightful Southern
California homes imaginable. September 4,
1889, he married Mary Lee Crowell, a native
of Arkansas, and sister of C. T. Crowell. To
Mr. and Mrs. Rives have been born four chil-
dren, Edward L., Robert C, Howard and Pau-
line. Mr. Rives is extensively engaged in hor-
ticulture, and upon his finely improved and ap-
pointed ranch has sixty acres of orchard, forty-
five of which are walnut bearing, the remainder
being devoted to oranges. He is a member of
the Los Nietos and Ranchito Walnut Growers'
Association, the Southern California Fruit As-
sociation, and the Chamber of Commerce.
Fraternally he is associated with the Ancient
Order of United Workmen, the Knights of the
Maccabees, and the Independent Order of
Foresters. He is popular and a welcome visitor
of the principal social and business organiza-
tions in which Los Angeles abounds, notably
the Jonathan and the Union League Clubs, anil
numbers among his friends the most desirable
social element of the city and its surroundings.
In personal appearance Mr. Rives so strongly
suggests the great slave emancipator that he has
come to be known as the Abraham Lincoln of
California.

HON. CHARLES H. IVINS, A. B. A
pioneer of 1852 on the Pacific coast and of 1856
in California, Judge Ivins is now a resident of
Santa Monica, which in his opinion possesses
the most equable climate of any of our coast
cities. He is a member of a colonial family of
New Jersey, whose original emigrants to
America came from Scotland. His parents,
Charles and Elizabeth (Shinn) Ivins, were
natives of New Jersey, and in 1841 settled in
Iowa, dying in Keokuk, that state. The mother

350

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

was a incniber of a Quaker family, of Holland-
]3utch extraction. Of her children two sons
attained mature years, and one of these, Wil-
ham, died in Keokuk. Three daughters, Mrs.
Seaton, Mrs. Hauxhurst and Mrs. Patterson,
make their home in Oakland, Cal., while the
remaining daughter, Mrs. Jansen, is a resident
of Los Angeles.

In Bordentown, X. J., Charles Henry Ivins
was born April i, i82y. About 1841 he accom-
panied the family via Philadelphia and the canal,
ihence by boat down the Ohio and up the Mis-
sissippi, to Keokuk, Iowa. A short time after-
ward he returned east as a student in Princeton
College, from which he was graduated in 1848
with the degree of A. B. Two years later he
was admitted to the bar and began the practice
of law in Keokuk. However, the allurements of
the unsettled west aroused his ambition.
Thousands were seeking the Pacific coast in the
hope of gaining a fortune, and he joined one
111 these parties of gold seekers, with the inten-
tion of going to California, but while en route
iiis plans were changed somewhat. The ox-
train left Keokuk in April, 1852, for what
proved to be a very hard trip across the plains,
\ia Omaha, the Platte, north of .Salt Lake, and
on to Oregon. During the same year the ter-
ritory of Washington had been organized, and
the recognized qualifications of Mr. Ivins led
to his appointment as a district judge of the new
territory, which had its seat of government at
Olympia. Tiic district over which he presided
centered at Port Townsend, where he made his
headquarters. For four years he continued in
llie position, and later was appointed judge of
admiralty, which office he filled for two years.

Meantime Judge Ivins liad made a trip to
California in 1854, and had been so delighted
with the prospects here that he decided to re-
move to the state. In 1857, on resigning the
crtice of judge, he settled at Petaluma and em-
barked in the cattle business, which he con-
ducted upon so large a scale that at one time
he had two thousand head of cattle, on his
range. Later he bought a large ranch and
range in Mendocino county, where, however,
tlie severe winters caused a heavy loss in his
herds. His next venture was the erection of a
large hotel at Markleyville, Alpine county, Cal.,
but this business not proving financially re-
munerative, he returned to Petaluma, where he
resumed ranching. The purchase of a tract of
land near town proved a wise investment, as
it was later sold to good advantage. Reports
concerning San Luis Obispo county led him to
remove there. One thousand acres, compris-
ing a part of Santa Rosa rancho, he purchased
tor $1.75 an acre, the price being low on ac-
count of recent droughts. Two years later the
price had risen to $15 an acre. His purchase
comprised the northeast corner of Santa Rosa

rancho, and was watered by Santa Rosa creek.
No improvements had been made, but under his
oversight soon fences had been built, a house
had been put up, and other buildings erected
as needed. During the last two years of his
stay in Petaluma he had made $8,000 in his
dairy, and on coming to San Luis Obispo
county he brought his stock with him, after
which he engaged in cattle-raising, dairying and
general farming for eight years. He still owns
one thousand acres known as the Ivins ranch
of Santa Rosa, and this land is rented to two
dairymen.

On leaving the stock business and resuming
the practice of law. Judge Ivins made his home
in Oakland for three years and practiced in San
Francisco, after which he conducted a general
practice at Santa Rosa and erected a beautiful
residence in that town. However, on account
of his wife's ill health, he deemed a change ad-
visable, so removed to Alameda, where he built
an attractive home and engaged in law practice.
The change not proving as beneficial to his
wife as had been anticipated, in 1893 he took
her to San Diego, and the following year es-
tablished their home in Santa Monica, which
has proved to be the climate needed to restore
her health. Since coming here he has built a
commodious residence on Ninth and Arizona
streets, and has carried on a general law prac-
tice in Los Angeles and vicinity.

In 1857 and again in 1858 Judge Ivins re-
turned to visit his old friends in Keokuk, Iowa,
both these trips being made via Panama. Judge
Ivins married Miss Mary Elenora Cole, a
daughter of Gen. Edward Cole, a hero of the
Mexican war. She was born in Rochester, N.
Y., and reared in Keokuk, Iowa. Possessing
mental powers above the ordinary, these have
been developed by an excellent education* and
subsequent wide range of reading. Indeed, her
literary attainments make her conspicuous in
circles to which the gift of a broad mind and
a gifted pen is the open sesame. In the work
of the Federation of Women's Clubs she has
been active, and she has the distinction of hav-
ing ofliciated as the first president of the Coterie
Club of Santa Monica, which she organized. She
still holds an official position in the state federa-
tion of Women's Clubs. One of her papers,
concerning the community property rights of
women, attracted more general attention than
any recent article from a woman's pen. In re-
ligion she is of the Episcopalian belief, as is also
Judge Ivins. Their only son, Ernest C, is the
present sheriff of San Luis Obispo county, and
their only living daughter, Mrs. Cora Jessie
Stewart, resides with them. Another daughter,
Mrs. Kate M. Hoefler, died in San Francisco.

In many respects Judge Ivins is particularly
fitted for the office of jurist. Nature endowed
him with a power of keen analysis, a discrimina-

^^^=^^-^^1.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

353

live mind, clearness of judgment and an impar-
tial spirit, which rendered his decisions on the
bench fair and just. His conclusions were
reached slowly, but when once his mind had
formulated certain opinions and arrived at cer-
tain conclusions, he was seldom proved to be
in error. More than once, since coming to
Santa Monica, these qualities of which he is the
possessor have been used for the benefit of the
city, in matters pertaining to the municipal wel-
fare. While he is a Democrat at all times, yet
partisanship has had no place in his career.

W. E. SAVVTELLE. Tlie town of Sawtelle
was founded by the Pacific Land Company,
v.hose ofificers are Robert C. Gillis, president;
W. T. Gillis, vice-president; Robert F. Jones,
secretary and treasurer; W. E. Sawtelle, man-
ager. The organization of the company dates
from 1897, and the following year the map of
the Barrett Villa tract, two hundred and twenty-
tive acres, was recorded. In June, 1901, the
Lindsay addition of one hundred acres was
made, while in October, same year, the Pacific
farms, comprising about four hundred acres,
were laid out, making a total acreage of seven
hundred and twenty. It had been tlie original
intention to name the town Barrett, but when
a petition was made for a postofifice, the gov-
ernment notified them that there was a post-
office in the state named Bassett and the simi-
larity betwen the two would result in much con-
fusion; therefore another name was essential.
Tlie residents of the villa at once requested that
the name be made Sawtelle, in honor of the
company's manager 'and representative, and
thus the name was adopted which is now in use.

In many respects the location of Sawtelle is
unexcelled. It lies on the line of the Los An-
geles & Pacific Railroad, fourteen miles from
Los Angeles and three miles from Santa Mo-
nica, and within easy access of both by means
of the half-hour car service. It possesses the
additional advantage of being within one-halt
mile of the Soldiers' Home, where $500,000 is
]>aid out annually by the government. This
same proximity makes the town strictly pro-
hibition, as under the laws of the state liquor
cannot be sold within one and one-half miles of
the Home; hence as a residence point for fami-
lies wishing to rear their children in the midst
of desirable surroundings it affords special ad-
vantages. An abundance of water is obtain-
able from sixty-five to seventy-five feet below
the surface, and about fifty wells have been
sunk without one failure to secure water. In
addition, the town site po.sscsscs a water sys-
tem. The town is subdivided into four hun-
dred and thirty house lots, three hundred and
seventy-five acreage lots and thirty ranches con-
taining from four to twent\ ,icres each.

When the company l)uilt its office, in tlic

spring of 1898, the building stood in the midst
of a barley field. A store was erected at the
same time, and this formed the nucleus of the
present town. Sales moved very slowly the
first year, and the real activity did not begin
until the summer of 1899, since which time over
one-half of the property has been sold. Within
three years the town grew from a single cottage
to one hundred and fifty residences, and almost
every day during the season witnesses the com-
])letion of some building and the beginning of
another. This fact in itself proves the brisk-
ness of sales, a fact which is noteworthy by rea-
son of dullness in sales in many other towns.
Perhaps one reason of this is found in the fact
that the frequent dry seasons have retarded
sales elsewhere, but here, the town not depend-
ing upon fruit orchards for its existence, build-
ing goes on apace unaffected by the quantity of
rain supply.

Referring to the personal history and geneal-
ogy of Mr. Sawtelle, we find that he descends
from a Huguenot family that fled from France
at the time of the revocation of the edict of
Nantes and sought refuge in England, whence
subsequent generations went to Alassachusetts.
Richard Sawtelle, a native of Groton, Mass.,
soon after the Revolution settled in Norridge-
wock, Somerset county, Me., where Indians
still roamed through the large forests. His son.
George, was born there, became a merchant,
and in 1861 was appointed postmaster under
President Lincoln, which position he filled twen-
ty years or more. He was a member of the Con-
gregational Church and the Independent Order
of C^ld Fellows. His marriage united him with
Sarah Peet, who was born at Norridgewock and
died there. Her father, Rev. Josiah Peet, a na-
tive of Connecticut, became a Congregational
minister in Maine. It was the custom in those
Puritan days for the citizens of a town to select
their minister, and in accordance with that cus-
tom Rev. Mr. Peet was so chosen as the Nor-
ridgewock preacher.

In the family of George and Sarah Sawtelle
there were three sons and one daughter. Of
these Mrs. Hopkins continues at the old home;
Dr. I". G., of Providence, R. I., was a member
of the Third Maine Battery during the Civil
war; F. J. is an architect; and W. E., the young-
est of the four, is manager of the Pacific Land
Company and a resident of Los Angeles, Cal.
The last-named was born in August, 1850, in the
house where his father first saw the light. In
1869 he went to Worcester, Mass., where later
he became interested in the Sanford-Sawtelle
Company, a mercantile house founded in 1835,
and in which he is still a stockholder. His mar-
riage, in Portland. Me., united him with Miss
Mary Wheeler, who was born in Indiana, and
liy whom Ik- li.is two daughters, Katharine and
i'.arhaia. i )n .iccount of the health of Mrs.

35-t

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Sawtellc, wliich he hoped a change of cHmate
would benefit, in 1896 Mr. Sawtelle Iirought his
family to California. For a short time he re-
mained in San Diego, but in 1897 became one
of the organizers of the Pacific Land Company,
in which he is still actively interested. In na-
tional politics he is a Republican. During his
residence in Worcester he was a member of the
board of trade. With his family, he attends the
First Presbyterian Church of Los Angeles. Per-
sonally, he is a man of active mind, fertile brain,
keen perceptive faculties and indomitable en-
ergy, and it is largely due to these qualities that
he has made a success of his work with the land
company, for the founding of a town is an ar-
duous enterprise and he who undertakes it must
necessarily possess qualities of a high order, if
he would bring a gratifying degree of success
to the undertaking whose management he has
assumed.

FRAi\'CIS A. HOLLEXBECK. In trac-
ing the genealogy of Mr. Hollenbeck of Los
Angeles, we find that he descends from a
family that came from Holland to America in
a very early day. For many years succeeding
generations lived in the east, where they were
principally connected with agricultural pursuits.
His father, Silas C, son of John Hollenbeck, was
born in Akron, Ohio, March 4, 1824, and while
still in his youth accompanied his parents to
Illinois, settling in W'innebago county. During
the long period of his residence there agriculture
formed his chosen occupation and brought him
gratifying returns from a financial point of view.
However, desiring to spend his last years in a
less severe and rigorous climate, he decided to
seek a home in California, and accordingly
during 1882 settled at \'erdugo, Los Angeles
count}-, r.uying a tract of sixty-six acres, he
set out the same in various kinds of fruits and
devoted himself to the care of the land and the
trees. While in Illinois he had served as super-
visor, but after coming to the Pacific coast his
connection with politics was limited to the cast-
ing of a Republican ticket at elections. Though
his life was one of great activity, embracing in
its earlier half many difficulties and hardships,
his stalwart physique was not undermined by
his constant labor; indeed, until shortly before
his death, it was constantly remarked that he
bore his years unusually well. He died June 5,
1901, when seventy-seven years of age.

By the marriage of Silas C. Hollenbeck to
Mary Ann Reed, who was born in New York
and died in Illinois, four children were born, viz.:
Francis A., of Los .-Xngeles; Julia B., Mrs.
Henry W. Benson, of Florence, Cal.; Willard,
deceased, and Edward H., of Verdugo. The
eldest of the three, Francis A., was born in Win-
nebago county. 111., February i, 1849, '"'t' •''^ ■'
boy received such advantages as his native

county afiforded. I'nder the wise training of his
father he was qualified to assume responsibilities
of his own and ably conduct extensive farming
interests. When twenty-six years of age he left
home and went to Thayer county, Xeb., where
he bought a quarter section of farm land. The
placing of the ground under cultivation, the
erection of needed buildings and the general
oversight of the place, consumed his time and
attention and brought him fair returns for his
care and trouble. Meantime, his father had re-
moved to California, and the reports he sent
back were so encouraging that the spring of
1885 found him in Los Angeles county, where
he bought one hundred and eighteen acres
near Florence. The larger portion of the
land was devoted to general farm pur-
poses, although there was also a vineyard.
In the cultivation of this property he engaged
for twelve years, finally selling the land in 1897
and reinoving to Los Angeles, where he is now
interested in the real estate business, with ofifice
at Xo. 215 Currier block. Like his father, he
has always been a firm believer in Republican
principles, but has not been an active participant
in politics, and as yet has never consented to
hold office, although his information concerning
matters of public moment and his high ideals of
citizenship would make his services valuable in
an official capacity.

CALEB T. CROWELL. On first coming to
California, in 1871, Mr. Crowell settled twelve
miles southeast of Los Angeles, where he built
the first business house in the now thriving vil-
lage of Downey. The name which the town
bears was given it by Mr. Crowell in honor of
his personal friend, ex-Govemor John G. Dow-
ney. As yet no railroad had been built through
this section of Los Angeles county, but three
years later the Southern Pacific Company
opened a branch road from Florence to Dow-
ney, and within another year this had been ex-
tended to Anaheim. After two years as a
merchant in Downey Mr. Crowell turned his
attention to farming and horticulture, and while
endeavoring to secure water for irrigation pur-
])oses he bored a well, which, although not fur-
nishing a sufficient flow for irrigation purposes,
]jroved to possess mineral properties of great
value. Soon afterward he sold the well to Dr.
Fulton, and for a time it was known as Fulton's
well, but more recently has borne the name of
Santa Fe Springs.

Xear Clinton, Hinds county. Miss., Mr.
Crowell was born October 28, 1850, the eldest
child of Hon. R. P. and Amanda (Perdue)
Crowell natives, respectively, of Xorth Carolina
and Georgia. His paternal grandfather, Eil-
numd Crowell. a soldier of the Revolution,
^penl his entire liir nn a i)lantation in Halifax
count\-, X. C.. ami then- died. The maternal

iiz:r?^MD

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

35'i

grandfatlur came from France to \'irginia, later
going to Georgia and finally settling upon a
plantation in Mississippi. When quite young R.
P. Crowell went to Mississippi with an uncle,
^Ir. Lowe, and for some years followett survey-
ing and civil engineering, but afterward turned
his attention to planting. In 1854 he removed
to .Arkansas, where he bought a plantation on
the Red river, near Texarkana, and became the
owner of Egypt farm and Cypress Brook farm.
Both in Mississippi and Arkansas he served as
county surveyor. At the breaking out of the
Civil war he was a member of the Arkansas
legislature, in which body he used his influence
in opposition to secession and in favor of the
state remaining in the Union. His death oc-
curred August 12, 1865, soon after the fall of
the Confederacy. His wife survived him some
years, dying in Downey, Cal. Fraternally he
was a Mason in high standing. Of his five
children ail but one are living, and three reside
in California, namely: Caleb T., Mrs. J. C.
Rives, wife of the district attorney of Los An-
geles county, and Joseph, in San Jose.

When the family moved to Arkansas Caleb T.
Crowell was four years of age. After his father's
death he was sent to a college in Clarksville,
Tex., and later began clerking in Shrevesport.
La., thence coming to California in 1871. Seven
years later he returned to Texarkana, Ark.,
where he engaged in the manufacture of lumber
and later followed the same occupation in other
parts of the state. When the lumber supply of
Arkansas was practically exhausted he went to
Northern Louisiana, where he operated two
mills. A similar business was conducted in Luf-
kin, Angelina county, Tex., where he owned an
interest in a fine milling plant and about twenty-
five miles of railroad, of which he is still a
director. The Lufkin Land and Lumber Com-
pany, in which he is a director, has one of the
finest lumber mills in the United States, and
has a manufacturing capacity of 250,000 per day.
.\t this writing he is still president of the Crowell
& Spencer Milling Company at Longleaf, Rap-
ides parish. La., which owns its own railroad
and a mill with a capacity of 80.000 per day.
During his residence in Louisiana he also acted
as manager of the company. The plant which
he organized in Arkansas and which was incor-
l)orated under the title of Bodcaw Lumber Com-
pany is now the largest milling plant in the state,
and owns its own railroad, one hundred and
thirty miles long. Of this he also acted as presi-
dent and manager for some years. In 1893 he
returned to California and built an attractive
residence at No. 901 South Union avenue, where
lie and his family have since made their home.
Mis wile is identified with the Hajjtist Church,
and he has been a contributor to the same,
also to various philanthropies. In politics he is
a Democrat and a member of the Central L'lul).

The marriage of Mr. Crowell united him with
.Miss Ella Stamps, who was born in Alabama of
an old southern family, and removed to Arkan-
.-.as with her fatiier. H.J. Stamps, a planter and
merchant. Born of this union are five children
— r.elle; James Stamps, who is general manager
of the Louisiana milling plant established by
his father; Susie Lee; Robert D., who is assist-
jint manager of the Louisiana mill, and Ida.

It is not too much to say that Mr. Crowell
merits praise for the success he has achieved.
When he was a young man, just ready to start
out in life, the south had not recovered from
tiie calamity of the war. Industries were at a
low ebb. An air of discouragement pervaded
the country. Beginning then, with his youth
and enthusiasm, he worked his way forward
until he had established industries giving em-
ployment to a large number of men and thus
greatly benefiting the localities in which they
had been established. At least three large and
successful plants owe their origin to his en-
thusiasm and energy, and, while thus building
up communities, developing local resources and
attaining financial prosperity, at the same time
he won the confidence of his large circle of busi-
ness and social acquaintances and maintained
the esteem and respect of all.

GEORGE ANTHONY BROUGHTON,
M. D. While to Dr. Broughton belongs the
distinction of being a son of one of the greatest
benefactors and promotors of Santa Barbara
county, and while a justifiable pride has stimu-
lated the effort to maintain so admirable an ex-
ample of a worthy life, it may also with justice
be said that the qualities he possesses would
bring him prominence unaided by ancestral in-
fluence ; for now, while practically a young man,
he has attained a prominent place in the profes-
sion in his county and obtained a very exten-
sive and lucrative practice in the locality where
he resides.

Dr. Broughton was born in Santa Cruz. Cal,
I'ebruary 28, 1875. His parents, W. W. and
Mary F'lizabeth (Anthony) Broughton, were
among the early settlers of Santa Cruz, where
iiis fath.er began the practice of law and jour-
nalism. His boyhood days were spent^i Lom-
poc, Santa Barbara county, where his parents
iiave resided for the last twenty-five years. He
received his education in Santa Barbara county
and San Francisco, graduating from the Medi-
cal Department of the University of California
May 13, i8c;fi. After his graduation he served
an interneship at the Sacramento County Hos-
pital and the I'rench Hospital, San Francisco,
and then entered into general practice at Chino,
San Bernardino county. In 1898 he gave up his
])ractice there and located at Oxnard to have
charge of the surgical work at the sugar mills,
then being erected by the .\merican Beet Sugar

35S

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Company, which work he now has, in addition
to an extensive country practice and the sur-
gery for the Southern Pacific Railroad Com-
pany throughout this vicinity.

February lo, 1901, Dr. Broughton married
May Livingston, a resident of Los Angeles and
;i native of Hueneme. Her parents, Robert G.
and H. (Palmer) Livingston, were among the
very early settlers of Ventura county, and lived
in Hueneme for many years, where Mr. Liv-
ingston conducted a very extensive mercantile
business, the family later moving to Los An-
geles, where they now have their home. .V
woman of rare accomplishmeuts and delightful
personality, Mrs. Broughton received her educa-
tional advantages in Los Angeles and San Fran-
cisco, completing her studies in music and art
in Florence, Italy, in 1900. To Dr. and Airs.
I'roughton was born a daughter, Beatrice, No-
vember 2^, 1901. Mrs. Broughton is a member
of -Acacia Chapter, Order of Eastern Star, Los
Angeles. Dr. Broughton has affiliations with
the Oxnard Masonic Lodge and Oxnard Ma-
sonic Club, Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
Knights of Pythias and Independent Order of
Foresters. He is also a member of the Southern
California Medical Societv.

J LAX v.. BAXDINI. During the early days
of San Diego (Old Town) the Bandini family
was prominent among the representatives of
Spanish aristocracy. Capt. Jose Bandini, a na-
tive of Spain, became an officer in the Spanish
navy, and in that capacity spent a considerable
period in Peru, South America, where he mar-
ried Gertrude Orgacita, also of Spanish lineage.
Later he became interested in mercantile ma-
rine trading along the coast of California, but
finally retired, became a landsman, and died at
.San Gabriel. His son, Juan, was born in Peru,
and in early manhood held a commission in the
.'^])anish navy. Acompanying the family to Cali-
1<jrnia, he settled in San Diego, and there mar-
ried Dolores Estedillo, who was born in Mon-
terey, and died in San Diego. Her father, Capt.
Jose Estedillo, was a native of Spain, an officer
in its army and for years a commander of land
forces in California.

Many^iterprises called forth the energy and
executive ability of Juan Bandini, chief among
these being merchandising, farming and stock-
raising. His possessions steadily increased until
they included fifty thousand acres, extend-
ing from Rincon to -\gua Manse. It seemed
as if fortune accompanied him in all of
his ventures. This was largely due to his
strong character, wise judgment and indomitable
will. The plans which he made he possessed
the energy to execute, and his inlluence was a
))olent factor in the development of Southern
( alifornia. Indeed, during pioneer davs people
sometimes smilingly said tlmt Juan Bandini and

Abel Stearns owned all of Southern California,
a statement that had in it a degree of truth
when it is remembered that he owned Jurupu
and Rincon ranches, one-half of Encenado and
all of the Guadalupe and Tecatta ranches, be-
sides many other landed estates. Included in
his property was the present site of San Diego,
which he and Mr. Davis sold to Mr. Horton,
the founder of New Town. His death occurred
in 1859, when he was visiting his daughter,
then the wife of Abel Stearns, in Los Angeles.
Of his first marriage were born the following
children: Josepha, who died in Los Angeles;
Alexander, who died in childhood; Arcadia,
whose first husband, Abel Stearns, died in 1871,
and three years later she was married to Col.
R. S. Baker, one of the founders of Santa
Monica; Isadora, who died in Los Angeles; Jose
M. and Juan B., both of Santa Alonica. The
second wife of Juan Bandini was Dona Refugio
Bandini, by whom he had two daughters and
three sons, now living.

In Old Town (San Diego) Juan B. Bandini
nas born November 15, 1833. When eight
years of age he was taken to Los Angeles, and
from twelve to sixteen was on American ves-
sels in the merchant marine service. Returning
to Los .\ngeles, he became a clerk in the store
of Abel Stearns, but later took charge of a
ranch owned by his father in Lower California.
Subsequent to his fatlier's death he returned to
Los Angeles to superintend the business owned
])y Mr. Stearns. Later he engaged in the cattle
business at San Luis Rey, where he owned and
operated Last Chance ranch. When he again
v.ent to Los Angeles he identified himself with
real estate matters and assisted Colonel Baker,
who owned the Vicente ranch of thirty-six thou-
sand acres, but sold the larger part to Senator
Jones of Nevada. The two men donated three
hundred acres, valued at $100,000, to the United
States government for the establishment of the
Soldiers' Home. After the death of Colonel
I'laker Air. Bandini took charge of Airs. Baker's
interests in Santa Monica, where he has since
made his home. Though pioud of his Spanish
lineage, he is a loyal American, a pronounced
Republican and a thorough patriot. During the
Civil war he was lieutenant of Company B, First
California Cavalry, and served in California and
-Arizona for eighteen months, when he was hon-
orably discharged.

The first wife of .\fr. r.aiidini was Esperanza
Sepulveda, a native of Los .\ngeles and daugh-
ter of Jose Diego Sepulveda. .\niong the Span-
ish pioneers of California Air. Sepulveda held
high rank, liorn in 1813. he was a son of Do-
lores Sepulveda, whose vast estates extended
along the seacoast from San Pedro to Redondo
and for miles back into the focithills. Dn this
property, known :is S.ui iVdm rancho, Jose
Diego Sepulveda was Un--,, and spent his entire

H/^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

3G1

life, dying in 1869, when fifty-seven years old.
His wife was Maria Elisalda, daughter of a
wealthy Spanish officer living in San Diego.
Mrs. Esperanza Bandini died in Los Angeles in
1866, leaving two daughters, namely: Mrs. Ar-
cadia Gafify of Los Angeles and Mrs. Dolores
Ward of London, England. The second mar-
riage of Mr. Bandini occurred in San Diego and
united him with Aliss Caroline Moreno, mem-
ber of an old family of that city, where she died
in 1874-

HON. P. J. BARBER. The history of
the Barber family in America dates from
1635. when Thomas Barber, who was born
in England in 1614, crossed the Atlantic and
settled first at Windsor, later in Hartford,
Conn. Next in line of descent was Thomas
(2d), born in 1644, whose son, Thomas (3d),
born in 1673, was the father of Thomas (4th),
born in 1716, and the latter had a son, Jacob, born
in 1738, whose son, Thomas, born in 1773, was
the father of Hon. P. J. Barber, and was born
in Canton, Hartford county. Conn. His early
life was spent in a country town. He was well
educated, particularly as a musician, was a good
vocalist, played every instrument tiien in vogue,
the violin being his favorite, and wrote and
taught music for years. Pie carried on farming
early in life; later conducted a boot and shoe
factory.

During the war of 1812 Thomas Barber raised
a company of volunteers, but on the morning of
starting for the front he was thrown from his
horse and his shoulder was broken, thus prevent-
ing him from entering the service. Indeed, he
never afterward recovered from the injury. In
1820, accompanied by his family, he removed to
Nelson, Portage County, Ohio, settling on Sec-
tion 36, the journey by ox-teams taking forty-
five days. With the assistance of his oldest sons,
he cut down the timber, planted crops, put up a
log house and barn, and made every effort to
establish a comfortable home in the then wilder-
ness of the Western Reserve. Adversity came to
him, and from the first he was called on to endure
many hardships, not the least of these being
caused by the burning of his barn, with all his
first year's crops just as a severe winter had set
in, and by the same fire he lost some of his stock
and all of his farm implements. This would
have discouraged and disheartened many men,
but with his fortitude and power of endurance
he was undaunted, and with the help and encour-
agement of his devoted wife and children he
struggled through the next few years, determined
to regain losses and provide a comfortable home.
So far were they from civilization that bears,
wolves, deer and other wild game were plentiful,
and the Indians had scarcely yet abandoned those
forests for the western prairies. But he and his
wife had other troubles to bear up under be-

sides those of a financial nature. In 1828
sickness entered the home, and within fifteen
months five of their children were laid
in their graves. After this his fortunes took
a turn for the better; he cleared away more of
the forests and put under cultivation one of the
best of farms, built a commodious dwelling,
bams, etc., planted large orchards, manufactured
maple sugar, butter and cheese, his crops were
plentiful, and his lands increased in value. He
was a man of sterling qualities, honored and
respected by all; his word was as good as his
bond; he was sound in judgment, public-spirited,
and a man of dauntless courage. He was a
member of the Masonic order, and a believer in
the noble principles for which that fraternity has
ever stood. He died in the old home September
17, 1848, in his seventy-sixth year.

The mother of P. J. Barber bore the maiden
name of Percy Merrill, and was born in Hartford
county. Conn., in 1781. She became the wife of
Thomas Barber in 1797, and reared a large
family, the youngest of whom, Peter J., is the
sole survivor. Her death occurred in the same
old home in Nelson, Portage county, Ohio, May
19, 1849. The Merrill family in this country de-
scends from Nathaniel Merrill, who was born in
England in 1610, and settled in Newbury, Mass.,
in 1634. He and his wife, Susan, had a son, John,
born in 1635, who married Sarah Watson. Their
son,Willerton, born June 28, 1675, married Han-
nah Waters, by whom he had a son, Gideon, born
in 1710. The latter married Mary Bigelow, and
their son. Nathaniel, born in 1742, married Han-
nah Belden, their daughter, Percy, becoming the
mother of P. J. Barber.

Ten years after the Barber family settled in
Nelson, Ohio, the subject of this article was born,
Novembei* 26, 1830. When a boy he had the
advantages of district schools, supplemented by
attendance at Windham Academy. When seven-
teen years of age he began to learn the cabinet-
maker's trade in Windham, Ohio. In 1849 he
went to Cleveland, where he followed cabinet-
making and carpentry, and at the same time took
up the study of architecture. In 1852 he fell a
victim to the California gold fever and joined
a party who were planning to seek their fortunes
in the far west. From New York they sailed to
Panama in February, 1852, having passage on
the steamer United States to Chagres, thence
going by a small boat to the head of river navi-
gation, and from there by mules to Panama. At
the isthmus there were nine thousand people wait-
ing for ships to take them to California.

After a delay of many days they secured pas-
sage on the old Clarissa Andrews. Among the
passengers were E. W. Earl, E. C. Smith, L. V.
Hopkins, Ezra S. Johnson and Prof. J. W. Pike,
all close friends of Mr. Barber. Prof. Pike it
w as who srave the old ship the name of "floating
coffin," The voyage was a memorable one, that

362

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

left a lasting impression upon the minds of the
survivors. One of the company of the Ohio
party, Barnus Ives, became delirious from fever
contracted at Panama, and when but four days
out threw himself overboard and was lost at sea.
Seventeen — including the only woman aboard —
died on the voyage, resulting from hunger and
thirst, and were consigned to the briny deep ; no
doubt they were devoured by sharks that fol-
lowed close in the wake of the ship. Death
stared all in the face for many long, weary days.
They finally landed in San Francisco, ]\iay 22.
1852, after a voyage of sixty-five days.

The majority of Mr. Barlaer's comrades pro-
ceeded to the mines, but he decided to remain in
the city for a time, and secured work at his trade.
In August he went to Marysville, but his invest-
ments there in the Mammoth Joint Stock Mining
Company proved a total loss, as during the winter
the snow lay from three to ten feet deep, and in
it the sixty-six animals owned by the company
and packed with machinery and provisions for
the mine were lost, also two men : and before
the place could be reached in the spring the secre-
tary sold the mine and mill and was never after
heard from by the stockholders. To add to his
troubles, he was taken ill with fever, and for days
his life was despaired of. When convalescing,
the hotel where he stopped was burned, and he
narrowly escaped alive, while his clothing and
hair were burned as he fled through the flames,
he having risked his life to save that of the
watchman who was asleep in a remote corner of
the second story. Returning to San Francisco
in December, he worked on the Haun & Whis-
man Mill near Santa Clara during the summer
of 1853, and in 1854 and 1855 was employed in
Oakland and its foothills. Mr. Barber worked
at the carpenter's trade and also studied
architecture, under the noted French Arclii-
tect Heum, and later worked at draughting for
Reuben Clark on the plans for the California
state capitol. From 1856 to 1869 he contracted
for buildings in San Francisco, being also archi-
tect and superintendent for many besides. While
in San Francisco he was secretary of the Build-
ers' Association, and was treasurer of the Elysian
Club for years. This was a social organization
of a very delightful character, of which he enter-
tains most pleasant memories. lie was an active
member for years of the First Light Dragoons
in San Francisco, under Capt. C. L. Taylor, and
but for a young wife and child would have gone
into the Union .Xrniy with the California hun-
dred. He has often regretted that circumstances
were against him.

Becoming convinced that the climate of San
Francisco was ruining his health and that Santa
Barbara offered especial advantages above all
other localities, Mr. Barber gave up a good and
lucrative business and removed to this city in
1869, and has since made it his home.

Among the buildings for which Mr. Barber
was architect may be mentioned the court-house,
Santa Barbara College, Arlington hotel and
annex, Presbyterian Church, .several school
Ijuildings here, besides one in Lompoc, Santa
Vnez and Carpinteria, the Clock building,
First National Bank, the Dibblee mansion,
Crane's Hall, opera house. Cottage Hospital,
Channel City Hall, Public Library, Savings
Bank, upper Hawley block, the residences of
John Edwards, Orena. Captain Moore, Rev.
James Villa, Mrs. Lucy Brinkerhoff, Judge Can-
field, A. W. Buell. Captain Greenwell. and others,
having, altogether, planned and had charge
of erecting over one hundred and forty build-
ings in Santa Barbara county, representing
an outlay of more than $1,250,000. For four
years he was also interested in the lum-
ber business as a member of the firm of
Tompkins & Co., and for a time he owned a
suburban farm of twenty-seven acres, on which
he had fine crops of corn, grain, etc.. an orchard,
and for years a large apiary.

It might be supposed that the numerous busi-
ness responsibilities of ^Ir. Barber would leave
him no time for public affairs, but not so. No
one was more interested in the early growth of
Santa Barbara. Every movement for the city's
progress has received his encouragement and
assistance. In 1880 he was elected mayor, serv-
ing one term. In 1882, under President Arthur,
he was appointed postmaster, and held the ofhce
for four years. After much solicitation on the part
of his fellow citizens, in 1890, he again consented
to be a candidate for the mayoralty, and was
elected by a large majority. During this admin-
istration he planned the boulevard, fountain and
other work of Plaza del Mar, which is conceded
to be the finest work of its kind along the coast.
Another act to be credited to this administration
is the building of the large out-fall and other
sewers, suflRcient in capacity for a city of
100,000 inhabitants at cost of $18,000.' By
persistent efforts lie saved to the city over
$200,000, in thwarting a scheme for putting in
a 4jx6i-foot sewer, a mile and six hundred
feet long, that could not be reached by one-
fourth of the sewage of the city. The city fire
cisterns and flushing tanks were planned and
superintended by him and the most of the bridges.
At the time of President Harrison's visit to Santa
Barbara. April 3, 1891, Mayor Barber arranged
for his reception, and was himself the bearer of
this city's welcome to its distinguished guest. The
president was met by Mayor Barber and Senator
Hcacock. at Pasadena, and accompanied to Santa
Barbara, where he was honored by our first battle
of flowers ; an immense arch spanned State street ;
the key-stone, 10x12 feet, was ornamented with
his picture, flags, bimting. etc., and he was given
an immense reception in the evening at the
.-Xrlington Hotel.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

363

In addition to the various offices mentioned,
Mr. Barber was a member of the board of heaUh
for one tenn. He was president of the County
Mid-Winter Fair Association, exhibiting in San
Francisco in 1893, made the plans for the build-
ing and had charge of gathering the exhiliits
from different parts of the county, and shipping
the same to the Fair grounds. His idea for the
design for the building was unique, being a
fac-simile of an Old Egyptian pyramid, and it
attracted constant attention, and drew forth
many flattering comments from visitors to the
fair.

Mr. Barber was chairman of the Chamber of
Commerce committee on coast defense, and spent
much time and money in getting the proposition
of fortifying Santa Barbara before congress.
While promoting this movement, he had a per-
sonal interview with Major-General Shafter, then
in command of the military and naval forces on
the Pacific coast, who gave him forceful letters
in support of the measure. The United States
senators and members of congress from his state
were served with copies of it, and also strong
l^etitions and various other documents, maps and
charts of the city and sea coast. General Shafter
went still further, and sent a military engineer
to the port to carefully study the situation. How-
ever, just as favorable action was about to be
taken by congress, the chamber, through unwise
efforts on the part of a few of its members,
defeated the measure by an unsuccessful attempt
to get a government building for the post office.
Otherwise, strong fortifications would now be
in a condition to protect the lives and property of
the citizens of Santa Barbara.

In travel Mr. Barber has found a source of
recreation and enjoyment and a temporary rest
from hard work. His first visit back to the old
Ohio homestead was made in 1863, going by
Nicaragua and returning by Panama, on the
isthmus. In 1887, after years of almost incessant
toil, and feeling that he had earned a few weeks
of recreation, he took with him his daughters,
Ella and Alice (his wife having declined making
the trip), and started for the Old World; they
went via the Santa Fe route to Kansas City,
thence to St. Louis, to Cincinnati, over the
Cumberland mountains to Chattanooga, Tenn.,
taking in the battle grounds of Missionary
Ridge and Lookout Mountain, National bury-
ing grounds, etc.; through Knoxville and \'ir-
ginia to Washington, D. C, Baltimore and
Philadelphia to New York, joining with the
others of Tourgee's party, took passage on the
Furncssia of the Anchor Line, and after a pleas-
ant nine days' voyage landed at Glasgow. The
morning following the jolly party took the cars
for a twenty-mile ride to Lake Lomond, a tour-
ist boat to head of lake almost under the shadow
of Ben Lomond, thence by carriages over the
hills and through the woods to the head of Loch

Katrine, then by boat down this lake past Ellen's
Isle and silverystrand to Loch Archery, then by
carriages through the Trosachs to the low lands,
all made memorable through Scott's poem. Lady
of the Lake; on the banks of the Dhune they
took cars for Edinburgh, Scotland's great, proud
city, where rises Sir Walter Scott's grand monu-
ment, superior, architecturally, to any. They
were taken high up in the tower of Royal Castle,
where Lord Darnley's hirelings murdered Rizzio,
Mary Queen of Scots' private secretary, — the
blood stains still remaining on the floor, — then
to the John Knox house, around Arthur's seat,
to the theaters, churches and elsewhere, then on
to Dryburg Abbey, where are deposited the re-
mains of Sir Walter Scott, then to Abbottford,
his old home, to Melrose, next to Stratford-on-
Avon, visiting the old chamber where Shakes-
peare was born, then to Carlile and on to Lon-
don, taking in the Houses of Parliament, West-
minster Abbey, where are the remains of many
of England's illustrious dead, including those of
Sir Christopher Wren, the great architect; there,
too, is a bust of Longfellow, the great American
poet. They visited the National Museums, the
Tussand Gallery, parks, St. Paul's Church, thea-
ters and other objects of interest, promenaded
the Thames embankment, and crossed London
bridge, the greatest thoroughfare of its kind in
the world. While in London they were visited
at their hotel, the Salisbury, by Dr. J. B. Shaw
and wife, and a delightful hour was spent over
their dinner table: it was a great treat to meet
people from Santa Barbara.

From London they proceeded to Rotterdam
in Belgium, then to The Hague, to Amsterdam
in the Netherlands, then to Antwerp. Brussels,
and to the field of Waterloo, once red with the
blood of determined warriors; their day there
was fraught with profound interest, mingled
with sad reflections upon the terrible slaughter.
Where was Wellington's headquarters is a pyra-
mid 245 steps in height, surmounted by the
British lion — in bronze, thirty feet in length —
in commemoration of the great victory by the
English and allies. From there on to Cologne,
a beautiful city on the banks of the Rhine, its
cathedral being the finest specimen of Gothic
architecture in the world; then a day's ride up
this most charming of all rivers, skirted on
either side by a strip of valley, and where were
not villages were beautiful residences close upon
each other, with romantic hills and mountains in
the background, mostly terraced and covered
with grapevines, with here and there a habita-
tion; old castles, churches and towers on either
side, some laid in ruins by Louis XIV'.

They passed "Sweet IJingen" before sunset
anil spent the night at Weisbaden. then on to
Hcidelburg with its bursted tower, then to Stras-
bourg with its immense cathedral (the spire
being 465 feet in height), then through Germany

SCA

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and Austria to Lucerne, Switzerland, a beautiful
city at the foot of Lake Lucerne, with Mount
Pilatus on the west and craggy, precipitous Riga
on the south, the summit being nearly six thou-
sand feet above sea level, the ascent being
made by a car and coach combined, driven by a
powerful engine operating a cog drive wheel,
with center track to match it. From its giddy
heights the lofty snow-covered peaks of the
Swiss Alps could be seen on all sides, with
Mount Blanc in the distance, and in sight is a
niche in the mountains where stands a monu-
ment in commemoration of William Tell. Look-
ing down from this mountain top can be seen
the surrounding lakes, little valleys, towns and
cities, a beautiful scene never to be forgotten.
The shore portion of the city of Zug dropped
into the lake nearly out of sight early in 1887.
.•\fter visiting the Lion of Lucern some thirty
feet in length, chiseled from a solid rock in the
mountain side, in commemoration of the eight
hundred soldiers that were killed while defend-
ing the city, they took a steamer on their way to
Interlakenj arriving at dark after crossing the
Alps by way of Bruning pass, a long and some-
what perilous climb, not knowing what moment
an avalanche might crash down upon them, while
the rain came down in torrents, the rocky defile
trembling from thunder claps, lightning often
striking uncomfortably near. Tliis was the most
tiresome day of the trip, but after dinner they
were greeted by Airs. J. P. Stearns and daughter
Leonora, and a delightful evening was spent.
From here can be seen Jungfrau (yo""? '^vife),
canned by nature on a pinnacle of the Alps
13,000 feet in height.

The party went to Lauterbrunnen and Grin-
delwald by carriages; in making the ascent his
daughter Ella came near losing her life, as the
carriage she was in narrowly escaped being-
thrown hundreds of feet down an almost perpen-
dicular rocky clif?. They took cars to Lake Thun.
then a steamboat to the foot of lake, then cars to
Lausanne at the head of Lake Geneva, then on
to Martigny and Chamouni valley, then up to
the ice-covered heights of Mount Blanc, the
summit rising to 15,870 feet above the sea level;
next to the city of Geneva, at the foot of the
lake, where a delightful time was had. With
reluctance they left the charming old city (that
covered for a long distance both banks of the
Rhone), and took cars for Paris, the great live
city of the world, with its many beautiful boule-
vards, diverging from the Triumphal .^rch,
which was built in 1806 to commemorate French
victories in Austi-ia and Prussia. They visited
Hotel des Invalides under whose great gilded
dome (323 feet in height) are the remains of
Napoleon Bonaparte, liis field marshals and
others of France's illustrious dead; at the front
entrance, cut in stone, is this, from Napoleon's
will: "I desire that my ashes may rest on tlie

banks of the Seine in the midst of the French
people whom I have loved so well." They then
went to the Palace of Justice, built in the thir-
teenth century, where was imprisoned Marie
Antoinette, just previous to her execution, also
Napoleon III. and Prince Pierre Bonaparte;
then to the Pantheon, the Temple of Liberty,
Notre Dame and scores of other places and
objects of interest; thence by carriages to Ver-
sailles, with her equestrian fountains and statu-
ary of Louis XIV., art galleries, etc.; then took
cars to Dieppe, steamer across English channel
to Newhaven and cars again to London ; tarried
a few days, then back to Glasgow. In her beau-
tiful plaza is Burns' finest monument, besides
Sir Walter Scott's and many others; her manu-
facturing establishments are immense; her
buildings are uniformly large and imposing and
of the most substantial character.

Taking the steamer Devonia at Greennock,
they came down the Clyde, landed at Moville,
Ireland, where they took carriages for a long
drive in the country, stopping at old castles then
in ruins, as were many habitations. Tliis being
their last landing place, they took to their ship
anticipating (but vainly so) a pleasant voyage
to New York. Their ship came near being
wrecked off the Newfoundland Banks; she was
thrown from side to side, immense seas rolling
over her, crushing skylights, water pouring into
the ship, men and women crj'ing out in despair
all through the long night, enacting scenes terri-
ble to contemplate, even to this day. The captain
after remaining on the bridge seventeen consecu-
tive hours, fainted from exhaustion and fell to
the deck ; after the storm was over the passengers
were overjoyed that they had been spared a
watery grave. Mr. Barber brought with him
souvenirs from the old countries which he prizes
very highly, particularly those from burial places
of Sir Walter Scott, Burns, Shakespeare, Na-
poleon Bonaparte, as also from many other noted
historic places and ancient cities. His nican-
derings along rivers, and lakes, over mount-
ains and through ancient cities, with their strange
people and stranger habits, will ever live in his
memory, and will be the subject of his dreams as
age with its infirmities creeps upon him. .Ml
should be seen to be fully appreciated. It
was on this trip, while at Geneva, that his idea
of the boulevard at Santa Barbara was first
evolved, and he said to his companions, "Some-
time in the near future we will have a boulevard
along the sea beach at Santa Barbara." The
idea was never lost sight of until it was an
accomplished fact. Greatly as it is now appre-
ciated and enjoyed, there were those who —
though well-to-do, — dreaded the necessary tax-
ation, and who in strong terms reproved Mr.
Barber as tlie originator of this great public
improvement: a few have since a])ologized for
their unkind criticisms.

^ iy^A.^c^i/^Y^'^'^^^^yi^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

367

After having remained abroad from July to
September, he returned to New York, and
then took his daughters up the Hudson, on
to Niagara Falls, along Lake Erie to Cleve-
land, then to his old home in Nelson, Ohio.
It had been thirty-five years since he first left
home for California. The intervening years had
brought many changes ; some of his old friends
had removed to other parts, others had departed
on that last journey that awaits all ; but many
were still left to grasp his hand with old time
friendship, and extend warm and hearty greet-
ings to him and his appreciative daughters. His
own family, kindred, too, had passed away, the
last one twenty years previous; his loneliness
can well be imagined. It was therefore some-
what in sorrow that he bade a last farewell to
the home that had been the scene of many
merry-makings while approaching his majority,
as well as in his chidlhood, and turned his face
towards the home of his mature years in the far
west, passing through Chicago, Omaha, Salt
Lake City and Sacramento.

In San Francisco, in 1859, occurred the mar-
riage of Mr. Barber and Mary J. Wheaton, who
was born in New Orleans, La., and came to
San Francisco in 1854. Four children now liv-
ing were born of their union, namely : Sylvia S.,
now Mrs. H. A. Rogers, of Santa Barbara; Ella
F., wife of R. M. Wood, and Alice F., wife of
W. J. Andrews, all of San Francisco ; and Samuel
M., who is with his father.

Since the organization of the Ohio Society of
Santa Barbara, Mr. Barber has been its Pres-
ident, and on the occasion of President McKin-
ley's visit to Santa Barbara, in May, 1901, he
invited Mr. Barber to visit him in his private
car, where he received a most cordial greeting;
he then presented to the President, from this or-
ganization, a souvenir, on one side of which
was carved the stars and stripes; with this was
an engrossed address, and a roster bearing the
names of the members of the Ohio Society of
Santa Barbara. In accepting the gift. President
McKinley said, "this I will ever keep." By
virtue of his office Mr. Barber was delegated to
meet with the parent Ohio Society of California
in San Francisco, May 18, and take part with
it on the occasion of the launching of the battle-
ship Ohio. President McKinley was in the front
rank, and with him were the distinguished offi-
cers that accompanied him from the east.

For years Mr. Barber has been a constant
member of the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows, having joined Yerba Buena Lodge, No.
15 of San Francisco, in June, 1863, and he is
now identified with the Veteran Odd Fel-
lows Association of California. He was a
charter member of Channel City Lodge No. 232,
the name of which was adopted at his suggestion.
Formerly he was a member of the Encampment.
The degree of Rebekah was conferred on him by

its author, Hon. Schuyler Colfax, and he is still a
member. Twice he was elected a delegate to the
Grand Lodge; for years he was a trustee of his
lodge, and for one term was deputy grand master
of iSistrict No. 54. He is also associated with the
Ancient Order of United Workmen, and Ameri-
can Legion of Honor.

In his associations with fraternal organiza-
tions, he has done all possible for their upbuild-
ing, and for the promotion of fraternal brother-
hood, beneficence and social enjoyment; he has
ever had the courage of his convictions, dared to
do right, regardless of consequences of a per-
sonal nature. His life race is nearly at an
end, and he will go hence with gratitude for
honors conferred, and with malice toward none.

CAV. L. SCHIAPPA PIETRA. At the an-
cestral home of the Schiappa Pietra family, in
Albissola Marina, province of Genova, Italy,
Cavalier Leopoldo Schiappa Pietra was born
February 3, 1842, and his education was ac-
quired in the city of Savona. From 1859 to
1866 he was in the employ of the Italian gov-
ernment, with the minister of public works of
Italy, but during the year last named he secured
a two years' leave of absence in order to visit
his brothers, Federico and Antonio, in Califor-
nia. These brothers were men of great enter-
prise, whose ambitions could not be limited by
the boundaries of their native land. In 1849
Federico went to Peru and embarked in the
mercantile business at Lima. The favorable re-
ports he sent home induced his brother An-
tonio to join him the following year, but the
prevalence of fever in those equatorial regions
rendered prolonged residence inadvisable, and
in 1 85 1 Federico came to California, landing at
San Francisco, and opened a store at Calaveras ;
but, being burned out twice, he left that town
and settled in San Luis Obispo in 1853. An-
tonio came to California in 1853 ^"d joined his
brother. About 1855 Federico came to Santa
Barbara, where his brother joined him a year
later, after a visit to all Southern California to
select a permanent place. The two carried on
a mercantile business in the city. About 1859
they also established a store in Ventura, and the
two establishments were conducted with fair
profits. Seeking a further outlet for their ener-
gies, Federico and Antonio purchased the Juan
Sanchez rancho, named the Santa Clara del
Norte. The property was more commonly
known as Punta de la Lonia (Point near the
River) and comprised fourteen thousand acres,
which was used as a range for their sheep. In
1866 they were joined by their younger brother,
Leopoldo, whose intention to return to Italy
after a short visit was changed through the
death of Federico in 1867. With the hope that
he might eventually induce Antonio to return
permanently to Italy, Leopoldo remained in

368

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

California and took up tlie business interests of
his deceased brother. As time passed by he fell
under the charm of California climate and de-
cided to remain here.

The Santa Barbara store was closed in 1868,
after which the brothers gave their attention to
the management of the Ventura business until
1877, when they disposed of it also. Thereafter
they devoted themselves to the improvement of
the ranch, Punta de la Loma, where they were
engaged principally in the sheep business, al-
though also raising cattle to some extent.
About 1890 they began to change from the
stock business to general farming, raising most-
ly barley and corn, but, finding this less suc-
cessful than they had anticipated, they turned
their attention to the lima-bean industry, in
which product they planted some seven thou-
sand acres, mostly all watered by a ditch. Dur-
ing the dry season of 1871 they gave the squat-
ters permission to work in the opening of this
canal, and in this Leopoldo at present owns a
controlling interest, being vice-president of the
Santa Clara Water and Irrigation Company. A
portion of the ranch he has disposed of, and
now retains only fifteen hundred acres, with his
country residence. Recently nearly seven thou-
sand acres were sold at a handsome figure (over
one million dollars) to the California Pruit and
Parming Company, Limited, of Manchester,
England.

Por the first time since leaving the old home
years before, the brothers returned to Italy in

1894. During the trip Antonio died of the
grippe (resulting from a severe cold contracted
in California) at San Remo, Italy, Pebruary 2,

1895, at the age of sixty-two years. His death
left Leopoldo the sole representative of the fam-
ily in America and the inheritor of their large
and valuable interests in California, but at the
same time it gave to him that realization of lone-
liness which comes to all who outlive their kin-
dred. During a later visit in Italy, in 1899, he
was made a Cavalier of the Crown of Italy by
King Umberto. Of recent years he has made
his home in Los Angeles, where he erected on
the corner of Alvarado and Ninth streets a
handsome residence, of the Moorish style of
architecture.

The lady whom Mr. Schiappa Pietra married
was Miss Amparo Arenas, a member of one of
the distinguished old Spanish families of Cali-
fornia. Her grandfather, Christobal Palomares,
came as an officer from Alamos, Mexico, to the
])residio of Monterey in the beginning of the
nineteenth century and there he married Bene-
dicta Sainz, by whom he had twelve children.
A native of Spain, he was a member of a patri-
cian family of that country, and went with his
father from the city of Madrid to Mexico. His
son, Don Ygnacio Palomares, was one of the
owners of San Jose rancho, where now stands

Pomona, Lordsburg, Azusa and other towns of
the San Gabriel valley. This vast area of twenty-
two thousand three hundred and eighty acres
was a Alexican grant conferred on Ygnacio
Palomares, Ricardo Vejar and Luis Arenas in
1840. Some years ago, when a transfer of prop-
erty in Pomona made an abstract of the land
necessary, it required the work of six men for
ninety days to make the translations of old
Spanish deeds into English, and the abstract
when completed filled thirty-eight volumes.

The mother of Mrs. Schiappa Pietra was the
late Dona Josefa Palomares de Arenas. When
she was born, in i8i5,the pueblo of Los Angeles
was only thirty-four years old. There were no
schools, but, being ambitious to learn, she eag-
erly seized every scrap of paper or printed mat-
ter that came wrapped around merchandise in
vessels from Spain. When Governor Alvarado
established his residence in Los Angeles she
obtained a primary reader from his family, and
on completing it was compelled to discontinue
her studies, as there were no more books. At
the age of fourteen years she married Don Jose
Maria Abila, whose ancestor, Comelio Abila,
came from Mexico in 1769, with Padre Junipero
Serra, to establish the missions. He acted as
custodian for the sacred vessels, had charge of
the olive and grape cuttings for the orchards,
and was subsequently major-domo at San Ga-
briel. The members of the Abila family were
among the largest land owners of their time.
They owned Sausal Redondo, Salina, Laguna
Seca, Los Cuervos and Piletas, all situated in
what is now the county of Los Angeles.

In 1830 Manuel Victoria was appointed gov-
ernor of California, but he soon made himself
obnoxious to the people by his attempts to over-
turn civil authority and substitute military rule.
In compliance with his orders, Jose Maria Abila
was imprisoned in the cuartel and Don Abel
Steams and Jose Antonio Carrillo were exiled.
The arrest of Abila was an insult not to be
borne by a man of his proud nature, and he
vowed vengeance on Victoria. An opportunity
was soon offered him m the leading of a small
force from San Diego against the governor un-
der Pablo de Portilla, comandante of the pre-
sidio. Don Jose Maria Abila joined the insur-
gents, of whom he was chosen a captain. When
they reached the Buena Vista hills they met
Victoria with an armed force. Reckless of dan-
ger, Abila rushed forward to meet the enemy,
and Captain Pacheco was instantly killed by a
shot from his gun. He then attacked and
wounded A'ictoria, but received a fatal bullet in
his own body from one of the governor's sol-
diers. Mctoria was taken to Mission San Gabriel
and to the relief of the people he soon fled from
the country. The bodies of the two slain sol-
diers were taken to the Abila residence, which
stood on ground north of the Church of Our

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Lady of Angels of the Plaza, and there the
same hands rendered the last sad rites to both
men, lying side by side.

The news of the death of his son-in-law
proved a fatal shock to Christobal Palomares,
who had been a district judge. A demand lor
valuable papers was made upon him, which pa-
pers he delivered, getting up from a sick bed
to do so, but dropping dead as he re-entered
his home. This left the girl of fifteen years a
widow and fatherless on the same day. Six
months later she became the mother of Mer-
cedes, who married Don Jose de Arnaz, pro-
prietor of the Ventura mission. Four years af-
ter the death of Abila his widow was married to
Luis Arenas, who was associated with her
brother in the ownership of the San Jose ranch,
and also owner of the San Mateo ranch in So-
noma county. With him she removed to the
northern part of the state, where the three old-
est children of that union were born. From
there the family went to Ventura, near the
mouth of the Ventura river, where her two
youngest children were born. She was spared
to a great age and died at her home on South
Grand avenue, Los Angeles, in 1901. Of her
second marriage were born a son, Frank (who
was governor of Lower California in 1868),' and
four daughters: Mrs. J. M. Miller, Mrs. Louisa
Stanchfield, of Spadra; Mrs. Schiappa Pietra,
and Mrs. Aurelia Ross, who died in Los An-
geles in 1900. The two sons and two daughters
of Mrs. Ross are being reared and educated by
Mr. and Mrs. Schiappa Pietra, whose own chil-
dren, Lorenzo Luis and Beatrice Josephine, died
in infancy.

CHARLES P. DANDY. As supreme presi-
dent of the Fraternal Brotherhood, Mr. Dandy
has a wide acquaintance in California. Indeed,
the remarkable success attending this organiza-
tion is due almost wholly to his wise judgment
and able oversight. Ability of the highest order
is required to place such an institution upon a
substantial basis, thoroughly guard its inter-
ests, and not only secure present protection for
its members, but also provide for their future
needs. The establishment of the Fraternal
Brotherhood is due to Mr. Dandy's sagacity.
While acting in the capacity of state commander
for California of the Maccabees, he found that
$60,000 was being sent out of Los Angeles to
different fraternal orders, and decided a local
organization could be successfully started.
With the assistance of G. S. Bartholomew
(since deceased) he founded the order, which
was incorporated February 3, 1896, under the
laws of California. The first lodge was organ-
ized March 17, same year, and is known as
Lodge No. I, of Los Angeles. At this writing
(1902) there are eleven lodges in the city, with
a membership of twenty-six hundred; and, in

addition, lodges have been organized in many
cities of California, also in Oregon, Washing-
ton, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona and
Colorado. In one hundred and ninety-eight
lodges there is a total membership of thirteen
thousand, while $80,000 has been paid out to
policy-holders.

The policy of the Fraternal Brotherhood is
exceedingly liberal. As an instance of this it
may be stated that a member who meets with
an accident is given a benefit; if totally dis-
abled, one-tenth of the policy is paid, the same
amount being paid each year until the total
amount of the policy has been paid. At the
age of seventy years the member receives one-
tenth of his policy, and he is entitled to receive
the balance of his certificate in nine annual in-
stallments. If a member is ill, the lodge carries
his dues until he recovers and is able to meet
his payments. Through the conservative man-
agement of the ofilicers the death rate has been
kept lower than that of any order or old-line
company in existence of the same age as the
Fraternal Brotherhood. The supreme lodge
officers, to whose wise supervision and keen
judgment the success of the organization is due,
are as follows: J. A. Foshay, supreme past
president; C. P. Dandy, supreme president; Mrs.
Emma R. Neidig, supreme vice-president; E. A.
Beck, supreme secretary; William Mead, su-
preme treasurer; W. W. Hitchcock, M. D.,
supreme physician; and Hon. R. N. Bulla,
supreme counselor. The offices are on the
fourth floor of the Wilcox building, but it is the
intention, during 1902, to erect a lodge building
in the heart of the city, on the completion of
which the offices will be removed thereto.

Glancing at the personal history of the
supreme president, C. P. Dandy, we find that
the family is of Irish extraction, and the first
of the name in this country engaged in the
manufacture of shoes, first in New York, later
in Cincinnati. Rev. William C. Dandy, a son
of this business man, graduated from Augusta
College and became a minister in the Alethodist
Episcopal Church, and later became a member
of the Rock River conference. For years before
retiring he served as presiding elder of the
Aurora district in Illinois. His death occurred
in Los Angeles, Cal, May 29, 1901, when within
two months of eighty years of age. During his
long life he had witnessed many changes in our
country and had been a firm believer in the
gospel of universal freedom, which he preached
from the pulpit. During the excitement of
slavery days his belief brought him much op-
position, and, to be in more congenial surround-
ings, he removed north. Long before this he
had set all of his slaves free. Fraternally he was
a Knight Templar Mason. In early manhood he
married Mary A. McClure, who' was bom in
Bourbon county, Ky., of a Virginia family and

370

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Scotch descent. Like her luisband, she was a
stanch abolitioni.st and freed ah of her slaves.
Like him, too she was an earnest beHever in
the doctrines of tlje Methodist Episcopal
Church. Her death occurred in Waukegan, 111.,
some eighteen years ago. Of her six children,
three are now living, namely: William M., of
Chicago; Mrs. F. J. Magin, of Evanston, 111.;
and Charles P. The last-named was born in
Lexington, Ky., December 25, 1853, and at the
age of thirteen left that city for Chicago. His
education was carried on in the Northwestern
University, but when ready to enter the junior
year he was obliged to leave on account of
trouble with his eyes. From 1871 to 1878 he
was a traveling salesman in Illinois and Wis-
consin, after which he was employed as an ac-
countant in Chicago for two years and in Oska-
loosa, Iowa, from 1880 until 1887.

Coming to Los Angeles in 1887, Mr. Dandy
became interested in mercantile affairs. From
1891 to 1895 he was state commander of the
Maccabees, and from 1895 to 1897 served as
clerk of the school board, during which time
he organized the Fraternal Brotherhood, which
order is a member of the National Fra-
ternal Congress. The fact that he is deeply in-
terested in the welfare of Los Angeles is proved
not only by his membership in the Chamber of
Commerce, but also by his participation in many
of the movements that are giving prestige to
the city anfl prominence to its commercial
spirit. However, it is principally through his
work in the Fraternal Brotherhood that he is
known, and this has made his name a power and
influence in many parts of the state. On every
hand it is recognized that his conservative, yet
progressive, policy is winning success for the
organization, which has already attained a suc-
cess remarkable in an institution that has been
in existence for less than a decade. The move-
ment, in the hands of one less wise and keen,
might iiave met an early Waterloo, but, guided
by his judgment and promoted by his sagacity,"
it has become one of the substantial organiza-
tions of the west.

On Christmas day of 1877, in Elgin, 111., oc-
curred the marriage of Mr. Dandy and Miss
Carrie E. Goodrich, who was born and educated
in Chicago. They have two children, William
G. and Herman B. The older son, who is now
a student in the high school, served from 1898
until 1901 in the United States navy, on board
the Monterey and the Oregon, and was in
Manila and China during the wars of that period.

EDWIN A. BECK, the supreme secretary of
the Fraternal Brotherhood, who was also one of
the founders and incorporators of this popular
organization, was born in Pass county, ind.,
May I, 1865, and is a son of Alvan and Cynthia
(Showalter) Beck, natives of Union county, that

state. His grandfathers, John W. Beck and Jo-
seph Showalter, were pioneers of Union county,
the former having come from North Carolina.
At the opening of the Civil war Alvan Beck
offered his services to the Union and was eager
to serve in its defense, but was rejected upon
medical examination as bei«g not sufficiently
rugged to stand the hardships of army life. Most
of his life was passed upon a farm in Cass county
and there he died. His wife still makes that
county her home. Their children are as fol-
lows: George E. who cultivates land adjoining
the old Cass county homestead; Edwin A.; and
Qaude D., a farmer adjoining the old home-
stead.

After having completed the studies of the pub-
lic schools, at fifteen years of age, Edwin A.
Beck entered the Northern Indiana Normal
School at Valparaiso, Ind., where he was a stu-
dent for three years and then graduated. After-
Vi'ard he became bookkeeper for a hardware es-
tablishment in Logansport, Ind., but the con-
finement proved unhealthful, and two years later
he resigned. At the age of twenty he went to
Kansas and spent three years upon the plains,
engaging in the stock business and general
ranching. Just as the boom was about to close,
in 18S7, he came to Los Angeles, where he has
since resided. For four years he was employed
by the Los Angeles Railway Company, after
which for two years he served as clerk of the
township court under Judge Bartholomew. In
1896 he assisted in the organization of the Fra-
ternal Brotherhood and continued as acting sec-
retary until 1899, when he was elected supreme
secretary of the order. The growth of this or-
ganization is one of the most remarkable illus-
trations of the possibilities of development of
the fraternal insurance business in Southern Cal-
ifornia, where it has thousands of members.

In. national politics Mr. Beck is a Democrat.
He was a charter member of Los Angeles
Lodge No. I, Fraternal Brotherhood, and has
passed through its chairs. At this writing he is
connected, as past officer, with Hermosa Lodge
No. 32, now the largest in Los Angeles. Since
1888 he has been connected with the Independ-
ent Order of Foresters, in which he has been an
officer. Another organization with which he is
associated is the Brotherhood of American Yeo-
men. In the Chamber of Commerce and the
Merchants and Manufacturers Association of
Los Angeles he is an active and leading mem-
ber. Sociallv he is connected with the Tonathan
Club.

Mrs. Beck, who bore the maiden name of
Florence E. Mellen, was born in ISIassachusetts
p.nd accompanied her parents to Los Angeles in
1878, since which time she has made this city
her home. She is a member of the Fraternal
Brotherhood and the Ladies Order of Macca-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

373

JUDGE N. BLACKSTOCK. At the bar
Judge Blackstock has a reputation extending
through Southern California, while he is promi-
nent and influential in his home city of Ven-
tura. He was bom in Asheville, N. C., in 1846,
a son of Dr. James G. and Elizabeth A. (Ball)
Blackstock, natives respectively of South Caro-
lina and Asheville, N. C, and the former a
graduate of Augusta Medical College, in
Georgia. The family was founded in America
by the paternal grandfather, who was of Scotch
descent, and emigrated from the north of Ire-
land during the latter part of the eighteenth
century. He became a prominent member of
his community, and a town founded by the fam-
ily has since grown to important proportions.

With the breaking out of the Civil war Mr.
Blackstock enlisted in the Confederate army as
a private, and was paroled at Greensboro, N. C,
at the end of the war, with the rest of John-
ston's army, after seeing some heavy fighting
and participating in the sieges of Forts Sumter
and Wagner. With the restoration of peace he
settled in Tennessee, where he engaged in edu-
cational work and studied law. In 1869 he was
admitted to practice in all the courts of Tennes-
see, and in 1881, to the supreme court of the
United States. After being admitted to the bar
he practiced in Missouri for three and one-half
years, with headquarters at Warrensburg, John-
son county, from which point he came to Cali-
fornia in 1875. Settling in Ventura, he bought
out the office and succeeded to the practice of
Judge Hines, and since then has practiced con-
tinuously in the local and supreme courts of the
state. ■ He has taken a prominent part in many
notable cases before the Ventura county courts,
where his ability is recognized and appreciated.

At present a Republican, Judge Blackstock
voted the Democratic ticket until James G.Blaine
was candidate for President. In 1876 the first
board of supervisors of Ventura county, among
whom was United States Senator Bard, appoint-
ed Judge Blackstock a justice of the peace, and
during his two years of service he did practically
all of the justice business in the entire county.
In 1898 he was elected railroad commissioner of
the third district, which embraces the counties
of_ Alameda, Contra Costa, P^resno, Inyo, Kern,
Kings, Los Angeles, Aladera, Mariposa, Mer-
ced, Mono, Monterey, Orange, Riverside, San
Benito, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Joa-
quin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa
Clara, Santa Cruz, Stanislaus, Tulare, Tuolumne
and Ventura. Not only is he widely known in
his profession and as railroad commissioner,
but he is also influential in social, fraternal and
educational circles. In 1867 he was made a Ma-
son, in 1873 became affiliated with the Knights
Templar, and in 1890 was initiated into Al Mala-
kiah Temple, N. M. S., of Los Angeles.

At Newport, Tenn., in 1868, Judge Black-

stock married Abbie, daughter of John Smith,
of that town. Eight children were born of their
union, namely: Belle; James S., who is in the
grocery business at Ventura; John A.; Charles,
principal of the grammar school at Hueneme,
this county; Frank P., who clerks for his oldest
brother; Lillian, who will graduate in 1902 from
the Cumnock School of Oratory in Los An-
geles; Mabel, now a student in the Conserva-
tory of Music at Los Angeles; and Edward M.,
who is attending school in Ventura. During
the Spanish-American war John A. served with
credit to himself, being with the First Infantry
in Cuba, and subsequently enlisting in the Third
Artillery. The family are members of the Pres-
byterian Church.

A. P. CROSS. An authority on municipal
government and improvement, and at present
superintendent of the street sprinkling depart-
ment of Los Angeles, Mr. Cross possesses those
fine and stable traits of character which insure
admirable citizenship and a consequent well-
merited popularity. A native of Ogle county,
111., near Byron, he was born February 3, 1861,
a son of Philip Cross, who was born in Oakland,
Mich., and settled in Illinois about i860. The
elder Cross engaged in the mercantile business
at Rockford, Winnebago county, and later
turned his attention to the profession of law,
which he successfully practiced in Rockford, 111.,
and Eureka Springs, Ark., where his death oc-
curred. He married Martha E. Pullman, daugh-
ter of John Pullman of Syracuse, N. Y., who
was born, reared and died in New York state.
Among the relatives were the Dewitt and Clin-
ton families of New York. Mrs. Cross, who was
born in Syracuse, and is now living in Rockford,
III, is the mother of four daughters and one
son, of whom one daughter is deceased, A. P.
being the third child.

Mr. Cross received his education in Rockford
at the public schools, and in 1880 went to Little
Rock, Ark., where he was employed by the Lit-
tle Rock Street Railway Company as assistant
superintendent, a position which he maintained
for two years. Later he removed to Lexington,
Ky., and for five years was secretary and super-
intendent of the street railway system there.
-\fter his removal to Los Angeles he accepted
the position of superintendent of the Santa Bar-
bara Street Railway Company, and at the same
time became interested in a company that
bought the road and extended it to the mission
and the hospital. At the end of a year he re-
turned to Los Angeles and became superintend-
ent of the Los .Angeles, Pasadena & Glendale
Railroad (now the Terminal road), and continued
thus for two years. .After a trip to the east he
took the sprinkling contract for the city of Los
Angeles, and has continued to hold the same
since. His term of service began in the fall of

374

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1892, at which time the city possessed eighty-
five miles of graded streets and required forty-
two horse sprinkHng wagons. Now there are
two hundred and sixty-three miles of graded
and paved streets, and to properly sprinkle them
one hundred and four wagons are required, many
of them large, four-horse concerns. Two hun-
dred and fifty head of horses and mules go over
the ground twice a day, a portion of the town
being sprinkled with greater frequency. In all,
the estimated daily travel of the sprinkling
wagons is twelve hundred miles.

An additional responsibility was assumed bv
Mr. Cross in 1893, at which time he established
the Pacific Coast United States IMail and E.x-
press Compan}-, with a route through Texas,
Colorado, California and Oregon, and which
operated more stage lines than any firm in Cali-
fornia, in all about six hundred miles. The line
running between Amedee and Fort Bidwell is
one hundred and thirty-five miles long, while
that between Amedee and Alturas and Lake
\'iew is one hundred and seventy-five miles. Be-
sides there are numerous other lines. Two
hundred and fifty head of horses and mules are
used for the stage line, and the wagons when
lined up extend for about a mile. ^Ir. Cross is
general manager and superintendent of the com-
pany, and the headquarters, at No. 1025 San
Pedro street, cover a whole block. A stanch
Republican, Mr. Cross is active in local and
state political afifairs, and is a member of the
county and state central committees. He is also
a member of the Union League Club.

FREDERIC I. BARKER. The life history
of Mr. Barker is told in his own words: My
father, Francis Barker, was a native of Ames-
bury, Mass., born January i, 1799. Three years
later his father. Deacon Samuel Barker, moved
with the family to Bethel, Ale., then forty miles
into the backwoods, and settled on one of the
beautiful intervales on the Androscoggin river,
opening up a farm and rearing a large family.
My grandfather was a tailor by trade; he was
in the army during the Revolutionary war; tra-
dition says he made coat and breeches for
General Washington. My mother, Nancy In-
galls, was the youngest daughter of Moses In-
galls, Shelburne, N. H., and was born in 1803.
Her father was born in Andover, Mass., in 1754,
but moved with his father's family in 1770 to
Shelburne, an unbroken wild in the White moun-
tain range, settling in the valley of the Andros-
coggin, opening up a fami and rearing a large
family. Five years later, at the breaking out of
the Revolutionary war, my grandfather re-
turned to Massachusetts and enlisted in the
Twenty-fourth Regiment in General Lee's com-
mand. He took part in the battles of Spring-
field Plains, Monmouth and in the retreat from
Long Island. After his discharge he shipped

on an armed merchant vessel carrying privateer
papers and took part in the capture of several
prizes from the enemy. The government
granted him a pension and two lots of land.
After peace was declared he returned to Shel-
burne, opened up a farm on the river, married
and reared a large family, to whom he gave very
creditable schooling, winter evenings, around
the old kitchen table. My parents reared six
sons and two daughters: myself, the eldest, born
in Bethel, Me., October 3, 1824; Nathaniel, Au-
sina, Albert F., Cullen B., Kate I., EH W. and
H. Clinton. Three of our number have now
passed on.

The advantages of the old red schoolhouse
v.'ere given me, with the exception of the sum-
mer terms after I was eight years old, my father
being obliged to keep me out of school to help
on the farm. When eighteen I went to Massa-
chusetts and worked on a milk farm in old Lex-
ington two summers, returning home in the fall
of each year and attending a term of school at
Gould's Academy in Bethel. At the close of
each term I was ofYered a certificate as teacher
and taught two winters in the town school.
Then I went to Boston and obtained a clerkship
in a store, residing there about ten years, enjoy-
ing many of the educational facilities of the
Hub. In the fall of 1853, finding myself some-
what out of health for want of outdoor occupa-
tion, I went west, St. Anthony Falls, Minn., and
spent the first winter in the pineries "barking,"
coming out in the spring in fine health. The
stakes had just been stuck over the river on
the Minneapolis town site, and I found employ-
ment as a carpenter m work on the three first
houses built on the town site in the spring of
1854. It was there that I learned my trade of
carpenter and cabinet-maker. Some of my
cabinet work received a premium at the first
territorial fair in St. Paul. The next spring I
made a claim (one hundred and sixty acres) on
the Alississippi river, thirty-five miles above the
Falls at Monticello, later improving, fencing and
building a house.

During the grasshopper plague of 1856 and
1857 I saved a part of my crops and married a
wife, but later lost her. Broken in spirit and
discouraged by the hard times of 1857, I rented
the farm, returned to Boston and again accepted
a position in the store.

In September, 1862, T enlisted in Company
F, Forty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry, and
v.ent into camp of instruction at Camp Stanton.
Boxford, thence to Camp Miegs, Readville; De-
cember I went to Camp Banks, Jamaica, L. I.,
and on the 21st shipped on the transport steam-
ship Mississippi on her second trip in the Banks
expedition to New Orleans. Running down the
coast of Florida, without an armed convoy, we
were chased for five hours by the rebel cruiser
Alabama, so believed. Every effort was made

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

to escape her, and only after she had fired upon
us the fifth time and signaled us to heave to
or prepare for action did we give up the race.
Running alongside, she now displayed her colors
the first time — the Stars and Stripes. She proved
to be our own blockading fleet, the United
States gunboat Magnolia, in quest of news of
Burnside's assault on Fredericksburg, occurring
just before we sailed. Our vo)-age was other-
wise uneventful, and on New Year's eve we ar-
rived in the river below the city of New Orleans;
the next day we ran up the river, landing at
Camp Kerney, in the upper suburbs of the city.
The regiment had been furnished with a lot of
poor ritles, captured from the enemy on a block-
ade runner, unfit for service in the field, and so
we were brigaded with troops held for guard
duty and the defense of New Orleans. We oc-
cupied various camps — the Lower Cotton Press,
United States barracks, Camp Farr and Camp
Parapet. Company F was on detached duty
most of the time at Lake End, the port of entry
and departure through the lines, on Lake Pon-
chartrain, our guard duties being very exacting
and onerous.

After the capture of Port Hudson by General
Banks, and the Mississippi river open from the
gulf to the north, our term of service having
expired, the regiment was sent home by the
river, and in September discharged. As the
regiment had not been in action, many of the
boys were not satisfied and re-enlisted in the
Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Veteran Regiment,
were hurried to the front, and in the three
days' fight in the Wilderness lost a third of their
number. Two of my brothers, Albert F. and H.
Clinton, were in the army, and we all came out
v.-ithout a scratch, but with badly impaired
health. I went back to my place in the store,
hut in the spring of 1864 returned to Minneap-
olis and went to work at my trade. The cold
winters became more and more objectionable,
and in the fall of 1872 J came to California. In
San Francisco I was laughed at for coming
south, such was the prejudice against Southern
California. In San Diego the Tom Scott boom
was ofT and not a nail was being driven. In
Los Angeles conditions were not much better,
the only work being the new high school build-
ing on Fort Hill, where the courthouse now
stands. After a few weeks' work I came up to
Santa Barbara, arriving on New Year's day,
1873, and have since resided here. The town
was crowded with new arrivals from the east;
could find no place to lay my head; the old St.
I'harles (the onlv hotel) was packed, and also
a few boarding-houses; was finally glad to ac-
cept quarters in an unfinished garret in the old
brick cottage on De la Vina street. The de-
mand for mechanics was great, and I went to
work immediately, receiving $4 a day in coin.
During my twenty -eight years of residence here

I have managed by industry and frugality to
pass the booms and dull times, keeping ahead
of my expenses, being employed at bench and
cabinet work, largely on fancy redwood mantles,
bookcases, sideboards, etc. Often by the press-
ure of dull times I have been tempted to leave
the sleepy old town and seek more thrifty locali-
ties on the coast, but the sweet-voiced, allur-
ing siren of Santa Barbara's matchless climate
and beautiful location by the sea has bound nie
fast a true lover.

JOHN HAMILTON CRAWFORD, M. D.
Descended from one of Kentucky's pioneer
families, Dr. Crawford of Santa Monica was
born in Mirabile, Caldwell county. Mo., Novem-
ber 14, 1857. His father. Dr. W. H. Crawford,
who was a native of Crab Orchard Springs, Ky.,
became a pioneer physician of the Platte reser-
vation, and also for many years conducted a
large mercantile business. During the Civil war
lie acted as a government agent and bought and
sold hundreds of mules, but at the close of the
Rebellion he was cheated out of thousands of
dollars by government sharks. However, his
possessions were still large, including a stock
farm of two thousand acres in Caldwell county,
a store, mill and manufacturing business. About
1876 he retired from the practice of medicine,
and later to some extent turned over to others
his large business interests, but until his death,
February 2, 1902, he maintained a general super-
vision of his affairs, and was active, hearty and
energetic. All through his life his actions were
governed by the highest principles of honor.
Honest to the heart's innermost impulses, he
always gave others credit for the same upright-
ness of character, and, although his confidence
was sometimes rudely shaken, yet he retained
a faith in others, a belief in their integrity and
a trust in their honor which was at once inspir-
ing and stimulating. His wife, whose devotion
brightened the struggling years of his young
manhood, was spared to share with him the
comforts of life in their old age. Her father
was an Englishman, who settled at Pittsburg,
Pa., and established the first pottery across the
river from that city. Later he settled in Mis-
souri and there died. The children of Dr. W.
H. and Elizabeth (Keirns) Crawford are as fol-
lows: A. K., of Los Angeles; Mrs. Sallie Clark,
of Missouri; Oliver, a farmer living in Missouri;
Mollie, who died in Los Angeles; John H.; Wil-
liam T., who is a merchant in Cameron, Mo.,
and Mrs. Lillie Frazier, of Pittsburg, Kans.

After having started a course of study in the
Christian Brothers' College, St. Louis, John H.
Crawford decided to take up medicine and so
c'nanged his field of study to the American Med-
ical College. From this institution he was grad-
uated in 1879 with the degree of M.D. Desir-
ing further professional knowledge he took a

376

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

course of lectures in the Eclectic Medical In-
stitute of Cincinnati, Ohio, from which he was
graduated in 1882. His first experience in active
practice was gained in his old home neighbor-
hood. The fact that his father had recently re-
tired from practice made a professional opening
for him, as many families who long had the
older man as their family physician now retained
the services of the son. When the family re-
moved to Cameron, Mo., he accompanied them,
hut later settled in Lathrop, where he practiced
and also conducted a drug business.

The California boom of 1887 drew Dr. Craw-
ford to this state, and he has since made it his
home. For some years he carried on a general
practice in Los Angeles, and meantime he was
also active in politics, being, like his father, an
ardent Democrat. His services as a member of
the county and city central committees were of
the highest value to the party. At the request
of the pension department he consented to re-
organize the pension board at the Soldiers"
Home, and also, in the fall of 1894, accepted a
position as a member of the board, after which
he officiated as its treasurer. Shortly after gold
was discovered in the Klondike the Sa)i Fran-
cisco Examiner offered a round-trip ticket to
Alaska tor the best article of one hundred words,
giving reasons why San Francisco was the best
outfitting point for the north. The article writ-
ten by Dr. Crawford was awarded the prize.
At first he had no intention of accepting the
award, but through the persuasion of his wife
was induced to change his decision, and June
II, 1898, he set sail for Dawson on the steamer
St. Paul. During the voyage Warren Lamb, a
member of the party, was taken ill, and Dr.
Crawford cared for him until recovery. After
arriving in Alaska the two men went together
to Bonanza creek and tried their luck at mining,
in which they met with gratifying success. To
provide for the long and severe winter they cut
about fifty cords of wood and hauled it to their
claim. IDuring his stay in Alaska Dr. Crawford
gave his attention to mining and did no profes-
sional work except of an emergency nature. His
return trip was made via Dawson on the Port-
land to San Francisco in August, 1899, since
which lime he has engaged in practice at Santa
Monica. During his absence in the north he
had mailed his resignation as a member of the
pension board, but the letter had not reached its
destination, and on his return he wrote a second
resignation, and this was accepted.

In Lathrop, Mo., Dr. Crawford married Miss
Lizzie M. Fitzgerald, daughter of Dr. O. D.
Fitzgerald, who graduated from the St. Louis
Medical College, and is now a prominent physi-
cian in Los Angeles. When a girl Mrs. Craw-
ford was given excellent advantages, including
a course of study at the Lexington Female
Seminary, of which she is a graduate. Inter-

ested in religious movements, she, with her
family, is a member of the Episcopal Church and
a contributor to various charitable and uplifting
works. The children of her marriage to Dr.
Crawford are William Oscar, Oliver Maughs
and Elizabeth. Among the organizations to
which Dr. Crawford belongs are the Young
Men's Christian Association, the Santa Monica
Board of Trade, the Odd Fellows' Lodge, Mod-
ern Woodmen of America, Knights of Pythias,
Royal Arcanum and Knights of Maccabees.
Personally, he possesses many qualities of mind
and heart that win the friendship of associates.
His disposition is optimistic and cheerful, and in
his circle of intimate friends he displays social
qualities of a high order, while his wide experi-
ence and travels and his habits of close and
comprehensive reading have given him a fund
of information that makes him an interesting
conversationalist and genial companion.

Z. W. SAUNDERS, M. D. A tireless mem-
ber of the medical profession is Dr. Saunders,
whose services are in constant demand not only
in Lompoc, his home town, but wherever phys-
ical ills demand attention throughout the whole
northern part of Santa Barbara county. For
nineteen years he has been an integral part of
the growing community, his horse and carriage
and personality seeming almost as substantially
connected with the general development, as are
the buildings which line the thoroughfares and
the enterprises which create the spirited com-
mercialism. The early life of this popular physi-
cian was spent in Birmingham, Van Buren
county, Iowa, where he was born April 25, 1843.
In 1858 he accompanied tlie family to Union-
town, ]Mo., where his father, who was a cabinet-
maker by trade, bought a large tract of land
and erected thereon a saw and grist mill, which
proved to be a profitable investment. Having
visited Lompoc in 1876, he settled here with his
family four years later, and died in the town of
h.is adoption in November, 1889, at the age of
seventy-three years.

After the building of the mill on the home
farm, Z. W. Saunders was connected therewith
in the capacity of second engineer. With the
breaking out of the Civil war he enlisted at
Birmingham, Iowa, in Company H, Third Iowa
Cavalry, under Col. John \V. Noble, who later
became secretary of the interior. During his
service of over four years he participated in the
capture of Little Rock and many small engage-
ments, and in January, 1863, re-enlisted and be-
came a part of the Sixteenth Corps, operating
cast of the Mississippi river and taking part in
^Vilson's raid through Tennessee, Alabama and
Mississippi. He assisted in taking the Confed-
erate arsenal at Selma, Ala. After the armistice
between Generals Grant and Lee, which termi-
nated the war, he was sent to .A.ugusta, Ga.,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

379

where occurred the surrender of General John-
ston's army, and was mustered out in that city
in 1865. The vicissitudes of war, inchiding ill-
ness and wounds, he fortunately escaped. In
the fall of 1865 he received a commission from
(ien. John F. Phelps as captain of a company
ot volunteers to serve in the southern part of
^lissouri, in order to stamp out the guerrilla
hands still infesting the country.

After the war Dr. Saunders took a prominent
part in the political affairs of Scotland county,
Mo. From 1868 to 1872 he served as county
assessor, and meantime took up the study of
medicine, which he continued in the iSIissouri
Medical College at St. Louis, Mo., and later in
the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keo-
kuk, Iowa. From the latter institution he was
graduated in 1874, and, returning to Uniontown,
engaged in practice until 1882, when he re-
moved to Lompoc, Cal. In Scotland county,
Mo., in 1866, he married Lydia E. Hall, by
whom he has five children, namely: Don Car-
los, Lewis H., Robert R., Hettie B., wife of
Z. J. Harbinson of Fresno, Cal., and Dora
Myrtle, a graduate of the Lompoc high school.
Dr. Saunders has three brothers living in Lom-
poc, of whom W. A. and N. T. are engaged in
the grocery business, and J. X. is serving as
town marshal.

One of the finest and best-equipped drug
ftores in this part of Santa Barbara county is
owned and managed by Dr. Saunders and his
son, Don Carlos, the firm name being Z. W.
Saunders & Son. The store is on Ocean ave-
nue, and in the rear is the doctor's office, as
well as the office of his assistant. Dr. J. Will
(iraham. For seventeen years Dr. Saunders
has been county physician, and he is now presi-
dent of the board of health, also surgeon for
the Southern Pacific Railroad Company. Fra-
ternally, he is associated with the Knights of
Pythias, Odd Fellows and Royal Arch I\Iasons.
He enjoys an enviable reputation in the com-
munity of which he is a member, not only be-
cause of his professional skill, but also by rea-
son of the many fine personal attributes which
constitute the most laudable and praiseworthy
citizenship.

JOHN PERCY LAWTON, an enterprising
Englishman, residing in Santa Barbara, com-
bines the traits of substantiality and reliability
w hich are welcomed as distinct additions to the
citizensliip of any part of the world. He was
l)orn in Cheshire May 8, 1864, and is a son of
Joseph and Martha (Hodson) Lawton. By his
marriage to Miss Hodson Joseph Lawton had
ten children. John Percy being tlie oldest now
living and the only member of the family in
.\merica. His family is a l)ranch of the Lawtons
of Lawton, one of the dldest county families in
England.

Mr. Lawton was educated at Felstead, Essex,
and then under private tutor. Prior to coming
to America he held a commission as captain in
the Fourth Battalion Cameronians, "Scottish
Rifles." A pleasure trip, undertaken through
the United States and to the Pacific coast in
1885, resulted in a constantly growing admira-
tion of American conditions, and upon losing
his health in 1892 he renewed his association
with the land of his travels and settled in Santa
Barbara. In his attractive office, opposite the
Arlington Hotel, on State street, he conducts a
real estate business, and makes a specialty of
working up a sale of large properties in the
east. He is a master of property situations, and
thoroughly understands all phases of the work
for which he is so well fitted. He is a member
of the Country Club. Fraternally he is a Mason,
being a past master of Prince Alfred Lodge in
Cheshire. In politics he is a conservative Re-
publican, while in religion he affiliates with the
Episcopal Church. By his marriage to Violet
Truman, a granddaughter of Lord Rokeby,
there are three children: Gwendoline, Rokeby
and Iris.

PEN'ERIL MEIGS. The founder of this
family in America, Mncent Meigs, or Meggs,
as it was originally spelled, came from Dorset-
shire, England, and settled in East Guilford,
Conn., about the year 1637. With him came his
son John, who died January 4, 1672. In direct
line of descent was John, his son, born at Wey-
mouth, Mass., February 29, 1640, and deacon of
the first church in Guilford, from about 1696 to
1713, the time of his death. He took part in the
Indian wars. The next generation in this line
was represented by his son, Janna, born De-
cember 21, 1672. He married Hannah Willard,
a granddaughter of Major Simon Willard, one
of the heroes of King Philip's war, and the
founder of the town of Concord, ]\Iass. Janna
Meigs died June 5, 1739, leaving, among other
children, a son, Return, who was born at Mid-
dletown. Conn., March 16, 1708, and on Feb-
ruary I, 1733, married Elizabetli Hamelin. Their
family consisted of thirteen children, the young-
est, Josiah, being the one with whom we are
concerned. Josiah was born in Middletown,
Conn., August 21. 1757, and died in Wash-
ington, D. C. September 4. 1822. After grad-
uating from Yale College, he became a member
of its faculty. Later he practiced law in the Ad-
miralty court in Bermuda, served as president
of the University of Georgia, acted as surveyor-
general of the L^nited States and as commis-
sioner of the general land office. January 21,
1782, he married Clara (or Clarissa) Benjamin,
a direct descendant of Governor Bradford, of
T'lymoutli. .\nother of Return's sons, Return
Jonatlian, was famous in the Revolutionary war,
first, as the leader of an expedition against the

380

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Britisli at Sag Harbor, Long Island, which was
entirely successful; later, as a colonel, distin-
guished at Stony Point, Quebec, etc., and as
one of the founders of the Cincinnati Society.
Later he served as governor of Ohio and also
as postmaster-general of the United States.

The family of Josiah Meigs consisted of nine
children, among them being Henry, who was
born in New Haven, Conn., October 28, 1782,
and died in New York May 20, 1861. His career
was one of exceptional honesty, brilliancy and
usefulness. In 1799 he graduated from Yale
College, after which he practiced law in New
York City, and served as a judge, numbering
among his friends such well-known men of the
day as Prince, Ward, Aster, Parrish, Lennox,
etc. During the war of 1812 he served as ad-
jutant of a corps of seven hundred men in the
American volunteers, and was in 181 3 elected
to the New York legislature. He was a mem-
ber of the Sixteenth United States congress, re-
cording secretary of the Farmers' Institute, and
secretary of the Farmers' Club. As president
of the board of aldermen of New York City he
was the first to propose the plan to bring Croton
water to the city, a scheme that was bitterly op-
posed, and caused his defeat for re-election as
alderman. However, he lived to see the suc-
cess of the idea and to have the wisdom of his
suggestion vindicated. February 19, 1806, he
married Julia, daughter of Stephen Austin, of
i'hiladelphia, whose nephew. Col. Stephen T.
Austin, founded the Texas colony.

Henry and Julia Meigs had seven children,
viz.: Julia Austin: Charles, who died in in-
fancy; Henry; Clara F., who married Richard
W. Meade, late commodore in the United States
Navy: Theodore Denton, Charles Austin and
liveline. One of the nephews of Henry Meigs
was Montgomery Cunningham Meigs, well
known as cjuartermaster general of the Union
Army in the Civil war, during which time he
superintended the expenditure of about two
I)illion dollars. Of him, W. H. Seward, Lin-
coln's secretary of state, wrote in an official let-
ter to American ministers abroad, when, in 1867,
Mr. Meigs went there for his health: "The pre-
vailing opinion of his country sustains a firm
conviction, which I entertain, and on all occa-
sions cheerfully express, that without the serv-
ices of this eminent soldier, the national cause
must either have been lost, or deeply imperiled
in the late Civil war."

The fath'jr of Peveril Meigs was Charles Aus-
tin Meigs, youngest son of the New York states-
man, Henry Meigs. Displaying ability in busi-
ness, rather than in political lines, Charles A.
Meigs became cashier of the American Ex-
change ]5ank, of New York, and later organ-
ized the banking house of Meigs & Cireenleaf.
whicii subsequently was conducted under the
title of Charles A. Meigs & Son. On Black Fri-

day he sutifered the ill fortune of many noted
financiers and lost his all. He, was then ap-
pointed national bank examiner for New York,
which position he held until his death. He mar-
ried Julia A. \'an Zandt, who was born at Little
Neck, Long Island, and died in New Jersey,
leaving four children. Her father. Dr. Charles
A. \'an Zandt, was a member of a Holland fam-
ily, and after graduating from the New York
Medical College, practiced in Brooklyn.

In New York City Peveril Meigs was born,
February 27, 1847, and was reared there and in
Brooklyn. On completing his education, which
was conducted in some of the best schools of
the east, he was first engaged in the firm of
Charles A. Meigs & Son. Later, for twelve
years, he was with Stephen Van Rensselaer
Cruger, the controller of the Trinity Church cor-
poration. Forced to retire from business on ac-
count of the failure of his health, he established
himself upon the Barrett farm at Punkatassett
Hill, Concord, Mass.. once the home of Hon.
George William Curtis. The change, however,
did not prove as beneficial as he had hoped, and
a more genial climate was decided upon as im-
perative. In 1887 he came to California and
bought one hundred acres of land on the coast,
adjoining Santa Barbara, where he engaged in
farming. As a director of El Montecito Manu-
facturing Company, he tried, with others, to es-
tablish a large business in the manufacture of
olive oil, said to have no superior in quality in
the whole country. However, it was impossible
to compete in price with foreign products,
greatly adulterated with cotton seed oil; hence
the venture proved unprofitable. At a meeting
held to decide whether to adulterate the product
or close the factory, Mr. Meigs firmly opposed
the former course, being ready to sacrifice his
stock at any price, rather than stand behind such
a project. It is unfortunate that some radical
step cannot be taken to prevent cotton seed oil
being labeled "Pure Olive Oil."

In New York Mr. Aleigs married Miss Rosa-
mond Weston, a descendant of Richard Weston,
of the Plymouth colony. Her father, Richard
Warren Weston, was a large tea importer and
successor to the firm of Goodhue & Co. Mr.
and ]\Irs. Meigs are the parents of five children
now living: Peveril; Martin Schenck; Rosa-
mond, wife of Hermann Hall Eddy, of Santa
Barbara; Helen and Leonora: a son, Charles
Henry, and daughter, Louise, dying in infancy.
The older son is a foreign note broker, at No. 40
Exchange Place. New York, while the younger
is editor of the Marine Record at San
Francisco.

It may be of interest to add that the name
Peveril is derived from the surname of a family
believed to be connected with that of Meigs,
dating back to the earliest days of Norman-
English history.

S2^^-^)r^le.,.t,--<^.^<^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

383

C. H. SESSIONS, president of the Dairy-
men's Association of Southern California, was
born in Southington, Hartford county, Conn.,
September 14. 1850, and inherits from an inter-
esting ancestry those sterHng traits which have
made his citizenship honored and successful.
Authentic records show that somewhere near
the dawn of the eighteenth century four broth-
ers emigrated from Britain to New England,
presumably settling in Massachusetts. It is said
that one of these brothers had a hand in that
great event which convulsed the minds of Eng-
lishmen and the waters of Boston Bay and which
has since been humorously known as the Bos-
ton tea party. The paternal great-great-grand-
father, Hon. John Sessions, took his way
through the rousing events of his time, and im-
pressed his force of character and attainments
upon colonial government. He was born in
1741, and eventually removed to Vermont, and
was a member of the colonial congress which
met in N^ew York. For two years he was a
member of the first continental congress,
also was judge of the county court in New York
and a member of the legislature of that state,
under the administration of the first, or elder,
Governor Clinton. The paternal great-grand-
father, John Sessions, Jr., was born in Connecti-
cut. In that state the grandfather, Calvin, was
born in the year 1799; he settled in Burlington,
Conn., where he engaged in the manufacture of
cloth.

S. W. Sessions, the father of C. H., was born
in Burlington, Conn., and became a manufac-
turer in Southington, where he continued to
live until 1865. He then established a bolt and
nut factory at Mount Carmel, Conn., but in 1869
removed his plant to Cleveland, Ohio, and built
up the largest business of the kind in America.
At the present time he still continues the presi-
dency of this enteq^rise, known as the Lamson
& Sessions Company's plant. He married Nancy
I-'risbie, a native of Southington, Conn., and a
daugliter of Samuel Frisbie, who was born in
Connecticut, and belonged to one of the very
old families of the state. Mrs. Sessions is still
living in Cleveland. Of her four children, two
are deceased. The daughter, j\Irs. F. C. Case, is
a resident of Cleveland.

After completing his education in the public
schools and Lewis .Academy, in Connecticut.
C. H. Sessions located in Cleveland in 1869, and
went into business with his father, but from the
first was handicapped by an unsatisfactory state
of health, a misfortune aggravated materially by
the inclement winters of the Ohio city. He
therefore worked during the summer time and
traveled south when the snow began to fly, but
even this arrangement did not prove of lasting
benefit. As do most who have once visited Los
.\ngeles, he retained delightful impressions of a
sojourn here in 187-' and 1873, and of frequent

repetitions of the journey here and at Santa
Barbara, and in 1884 he decided to make this
his permanent place of abode.

The Lynwood Dairy, the oldest wholesale and
retail enterprise of the kind in Los Angeles, re-
ceived its first impetus in 1885, when Mr. Ses-
sions bought seven hundred and twelve acres of
fine alfalfa land at Lynwood station, on the
Southern Pacific road. The dairy is undoubt-
edly one of the best equipped in Southern Cali-
fornia. There is a large refrigerating plant of
three tons capacity. From the first a central
])lace has been established in the city, and this
is at present located at No. 117 East Twenty-
third street. An enormous business has been
built up along retail and wholesale lines, and
from his fertile acres and splendidly directed
business the owner thereof exerts a wide and
progressive influence in all matters pertaining
to his interesting and remunerative occupation.
Ever since 1894 he has been president of the
Dairymen's Association of Southern California,
an organization founded in that year for the pro-
tection of dairymen from oleomargarine. In
carrying out the purpose of the association Mr.
Sessions has worked unceasingly, and has been
instrumental in securing protection by legisla-
tion, and in gaining all around recognition for
a body of men who strive to make the dairy
business one of the greatest resources of South-
ern California. In connection with the Farmers'
Institute he has been equally active, and his pa-
pers read before the association and conventions
are listened to with the attention and interest
due so earnest a student of economic and agri-
cultural science. In the Chamber of Commerce
also he is a valued acquisition, and for three
years was a director of its affairs. He is a mem-
ber of the Union League Club, and is a Repub-
lican in national politics.

The marriage of Mr. Sessions and Katherine
E. Gould was solemnized in Qeveland, Ohio,
Miss Gould being a daughter of William W.
Gould, a native of New Hampshire.

LAUREN T. HOLLAND, M. D. Unlike
many men of ability in the professional world,
Dr. Holland possesses to an unusual degree the
capacity for successful financial undertakings,
and his acumen and good judgment have ex-
tended into many avenues of profit awaiting the
opportunity seeker of California. .\ native of
Noble county, Ohio, he was born September
23, 1843, 3"^ was reared in Guernsey county,
same state. The family of which he is a repre-
sentative settled at a very early da\ in \"irginia.
The paternal grandfather, Archibald, removed
with hi.^ family from Virginia to Belmont county,
Ohio, where his death occurred. His son,
Thomas, the father of I^iuren T., was born in
Winchester, \ a., and was a farmer and horse-
man of Xohk- county, Ohio, later living in

384

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Guernsey county. In 1864 he removed to St.
Josepli, Mo., where he engaged in business and
where lie died, in 1897. at the age of eighty-
six years. He married Celestia Ellsworth, who
was born in Pennsylvania, of a long-lived fam-
ily, her father, Isaac, having lived to be a cen-
tury old. He served in the war of 1812, and
was a cabinet-maker in Pennsylvania and then
in Ohio, and came of an old Mrginia family of
Scotch descent. Mrs. Holland, who died in Feb-
ruary of 1894, at the age of eighty years, was
the mother of six children, four of whom are
living, Lauren T. being the second.

Into the otherwise uneventful youth of Dr.
Holland came the declaration of war in 1861,
and so intense was his patriotism that on sev-
eral occasions he left school and tried to enlist,
only to be brought back by his father. Perse-
verance finally prevailed, and in June of 1861, at
Columbus, he enlisted in Company A, Eighty-
fifth Ohio Infantry, and was assigned to de-
tached service. In 1862 he was sent with his
regiment after Morgan in Kentucky, and then
after Kirby Smith, and was finally sent on the
heels of General Price in Missouri in 1863. At
the expiration of his term of service at Fort
Leavenworth, in JMarch of 1864, he re-enlisted
in the Sixteenth Kansas Infantry, and con-
tinued to harass Price until the spring of 1865,
when they joined the Powder river expedition
to suppress the Sioux Indians. In September
of 1865 he was mustered out of service at Fort
Kearnv, and forthwith returned to St. Joseph,
Mo. '

The education of Dr. Holland was begun in
the public schools, and previous to the Civil
war he studied medicine for a short time with
Dr. McPherson of Ohio. For a time after the
war he studied under Dr. Jacob Geiger. In
1869 he began to practice in Holt county, Mo.,
and the following year removed to Troy, Doni-
]i]ian county, Kans. Ever on the alert to increase
his knowledge of his chosen profession, he took
a post-graduate course at the Kansas City Medi-
cal College in 1875, in 1881-82 attended the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons at St. Joseph,
Mo., and in 1884-85 took a post-graduate course
in New York City. In 1870 he was elected
coroner of Doniphan county, Kans. Two years
later he removed to Wyandotte, Kans., where he
practiced medicine, and served for two terms as
coroner of the county. In 1879 he removed to
Del Norte, Rio Grande county, Colo., where he
was almost immediately appointed county coro-
ner for an unexpired term and then elected for
another term. In 1880, while on his way to
United States Senator Bowen's camp, in the
Summit mining district, he was caught in an
electric storm, and by reason of the severe ex-
posure partially lost his voice. Nevertheless,
he continued to practice ofT and on until 1884,
when he went to New York City for vnice treat-

ment and also to take a post-graduate course
under Prof. Clinton Wagoner. In 1885 he took
a trip to Atlanta, Ga., thence traveled north
through Tennessee, and everywhere met with
discouraging outlooks. He therefore came to
California in 1886, locating at \'isalia, Tulare
county, where he practiced until 1889, when,
owing to continued trouble with his throat, he
located in Los Angeles. This proved to be a
wise decision, for after proper treatment he re-
gained his health to a large extent, and was
now in a position to continue the practice of
medicine. In 1892 he was appointed district
health officer of Los Angeles, and when the
office of county health officer was created, in
1895, he received the first appointment to that
important post. In 1898 he was elected county
coroner on the Republican ticket by a majority
of nearly two thousand over the fusion ticket,
and assumed charge of the office in January of
1899. Since then he has devoted all of his time
to the duties incident to his position.

Dr. Holland has extensive holdings in both
oil and mining. He is a director in the Fairview
Gold Mining Company, operating in the Rosa-
mond district, Kern county, Cal.; also a director
in the Pinute Hills Oil Company, and has in-
terests in several other companies. Fraternally
he was made a Mason in Doniphan county,
Kans., in June, 1867; later was a member of the
Masonic lodges in the various places in which
he resided, and is at present a member of South
Gate Lodge in Los Angeles, Signet Chapter.
R. A. M.; Los Angeles Council, R. & S. M., as
well as the South Gate Chapter Eastern Star,
and is past W. P.. and belongs with the Los
Angeles Court of Amaranth. As a member of
the Grand Army of the Republic he is affiliated
with Bartlett-Logan Post No. 6, and is past
commander of No. 6, chief mustering officer of
the departments of Tennessee and Georgia, and
ex-niedical director of the department of Cali-
fornia and Nevada. He is a Republican in poli-
tics, and is connected with the Methodist Epis-
i opal Church.

In Wyandotte, Kans., Dr. Holland married
Clara C. Rively, who was born in Leavenworth.
Kans., and was the first white girl baby boni in
the town. Of this union there are six children,
namely: Frank C. who is in Arizona; Mrs.
Beatrice Harris, of Los Angeles: Ethel, Earl
R., Harrison H. and Clara Louise.

COL. H. E. HASSE, M. D. In the capacity
of chief surgeon of the Pacific Branch, Na-
tional Home for Disabled \'olunteer Soldiers.
Dr. Hasse has been connected with this insti-
tution ever since it was established. At the
time he accepted the position, in 1889, and
came to the Home he found only twenty or
twenty-five beneficiaries of the government here,

' ■ '-v^ '..«;

^-j

HISTORICAL AND JiluGRAl'I IICAI

•:CORI).

587

but so great lias been the subsequent growth
that the membership is now more tlian two thou-
sand, and he has been given four associate phy-
sicians to assist him in his work. In addition to
the duties of this office he is president of the
board of pension examiners, having acted in
this capacity since 1890.

Born in Freiburg, Saxony, Germany, January
12, 1836, Dr. Hasse was the only child of Ed-
ward and Rosalie (Thiele) Hasse. natives of
Saxony, the former a son of an inspector of
mines in Germany, and the latter a merchant's
daughter. On the completion of a university
education Edward Hasse entered upon the prac-
tice of law in Saxony, but after bringing his
family to America in 1845 'ic turned his atten-
tion to farming near Milwaukee, Wis., and later
settled at DeSoto, Jefferson county. Mo., where
he died. His wife died subsequently in Wiscon-
sin. Of the journey to America Dr. Hasse re-
tains a vivid recollection, for he was a boy of
nine at the time, and the unusual event of a four
weeks' voyage on the ocean made an indelible
impression upon his mind. His education was
conducted in the Milwaukee public schools and
a private classical academy. When twenty years
old he began to study medicine under Dr. Cas-
sion, and later spent a year in the St. Louis
Medical College under Dean Pope. In order
that he might enjoy the advantage of study un-
der the best minds of Germany, he w'ent abroad
in 1858 and took a two years' course in the
University of Leipsic. In 1861 he received the
M. D. degree from the Liniversity of Wurtz-
burg, after which he spent three months in the
University of Prague.

Returning to the United States Dr. Hasse
practiced for three months in Milwaukee, Wis.
Meantime, however, the war had broken out
and he was ambitious to serve his country. In
the fall of 1861 he was commissioned assistant
surgeon of the Ninth Wisconsin Infantry, and
the following year was promoted to be surgeon
{with the rank of major) of the Twenty-fourth
Wisconsin Infantry, remaining as such until the
close of the w-ar. With his regiment he took
jiart in all the forced marches and endured all
the hardships of camp life. Among the engage-
UH'nts in which he was present may be men-
tioned the battles of Stone River, Tullahoma,
Chickamguga, Missionary Ridge, Franklin,
Nashville, all the ijattles and skirmishes of the
Georgia campaign to Atlanta. Lovejoy Station,
Joncsboro, Spring Hill, and Nashville. At the
close of the war, in May, 1865, he was mustered
out of service. Resuming the duties of practice
in Milwaukee, he remained there until 1867,
when he settled at DeSoto, AIo., but in 1871
returned to Milwaukee, where he continued the
practice of medicine and surgery until 1883.
The next two years were spent at Little Rock,
Ark., and in 1887 he settled in Los Angeles,

Cal, from which point he came to Soldiers'
Home two years later.

The marriage of Dr. Hasse united him with
;\liss Adelaide Trentlagc, who was born and
reared in Milwaukee. They have five children,
namely: Adelaide, who is librarian in the Astor
library in New York city; Mrs. Elsa Andrae, of
Milwaukee ; Hilda, who is an artist in San F"ran-
cisco; Carl E., a civil engineer of Santa Monica:
and Jessie, who is with her parents. The famil)-
attend ihe Presbyterian Church and Mrs. Hasse
is a member of the same. During his residence
in Milwaukee Dr. Hasse was several times elect-
ed county physician, but with that exception
always refused proffers of public offices, prefer-
ring to allow nothing to interfere with his pri-
vate practice. From the time he first had the
privilege of voting he has supported Republi-
can principles and been thoroughly in sympa-
thy with its platform. His Masonic membership,
which originally was in the blue lodge of Mil-
waukee, is now with the Santa Monica lodge,
and he is now connected with Stanton Post, G.
A. R., in Los Angeles. One of his noticeable
characteristics is a strong vein of humor, which
has not only enabled him to withstand the men-
tal and physical depression incident to years of
laborious practice and constant contact with suf-
fering humanity, but has also aided him in
bringing sunshine and good cheer into the lives
of many patients and has thus brightened and
blessed countless hearts.

ALBERT C. J. WILSON. As one of the
Argonauts who were led to California by reason
of the richness of her mines, Mr. Wilson arrived
in California August 17, 1850. The voyage had
been long and monotonous, having been begun
at Wlieeling, W. \'a., from which point he sailed
by steamboat down the Ohio and Mississippi
rivers to New Orleans, where he embarked on
the brig Zenobia for Greytown. From that
place he proceeded to the head of Lake Nicar-
agua and thence across the country. While on
the Zenobia cholera broke out and a majority
of the passengers were for abandoning the trip,
but Air. Wilson and others stoutly opposed this
and, overruling the captain, they managed to
land in Greytown, where the most of the pas-
sengers got ashore in the night and the goods
were landed in the morning. There the sailors
abandoned the ship.

.\ party of twelve men hired two ox-carts to
convey them one hundred miles to the Pacific
ocean. This was the second expedition of
.\niericans who crossed the Nicaragua route.
:ind its members landed in San Francisco as
soon as did those comprising the first party. At
Kealjo. on the Pacific coast, Mr. Wilson took
(Ik- bark Rolla for San l'"ranciscu. There werr
iiiiK-t\-tive men nn bii;ird, all <if whom laiideii

;588

HISTDRICAI. AXD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

safely in San Franciscn, from which point he
proceeded to the mines. Provisions of all kinds
lie found were sold at fabulous prices. For flour
he paid as high as .^65 per cwt.; other articles
were proportionately higli. Fortunately, he was
successful in his mining ventures, and for sev-
eral years averaged $8 a day, his work being
mainly in the placer mines of Tuolumne county.
Conditions were crude and civilization was a far
ilegree from its present high standard. Like
everything else, the postal service was totally
inadequate to the needs of the people. An in-
stance of this is found in the fact that iSlr. Wil-
son was sometimes delayed two years in receiv-
ing letters, which by the time they reached him
had extra charges amounting to as much as $6.
This was largely due to there being so many
men of his own name (Joseph Wilson) in Cali-
fornia. To remedy the matter, he applied to
the legislature and by an act of that body his
name was changed to Albert Calhoun Joseph
Wilson.

The Wilsons are of Scotch and English de-
scent. John Wilson, a native of New Jersey, re-
moved to Ohio county, W. Va,, and became one
of the pioneer farmers of the Ohio river valley.
Indeed, when he settled in that region, there
was no other white man for many miles along
the river. By his marriage to Aliss Abrahams,
of New Jersey, he had a son, Louis, born in
West ^'irginia, and a lifelong resident of Ohio
county, who served during the \t^ar of 1812. He
married Rosanna Brown, a native of the same
county as himself and who also died in West
\"irginia. Her father, Frazier Brown, was born
in Maryland, but died in West Virginia.

In a family of seven children, six of whom
grew to maturity, the subject of this sketch was
tlie only son of Louis Wilson, who came to the
coast. He was born near Wheeling, W. Va.,
February 10, 1822, and as a boy assisted in the
cultivation of the home farm. At the age of
Iwentv-eight years he left \ irginia and came to
California, where he had many exciting and nar-
row escapes while engaged in mining. In June,
1859, wlien he was superintendent of the Sonora
Table Mountain Mining Company, in Tuo-
lumne county, he had a narrow escape. For a
lime the company had worked at running an in-
cline, but temporarily abandoned the work. On
resuming it he was superintendent. He w-ent
down first to see if everything was all right, and
called out to his men that he needed a pick. Be-
fore he could add a word of caution as to how
it should be sent down to him, a careless work-
man threw it so that it struck and knocked out
a brace. Innnediately the dirt and debris came
down in great quantities. Just as the debris
caught him he jum])ed between two posts and a
slab, which i)reventcd him from being crushed
and also left him a space for breathing. It was
six o'clnclc in the morning when the accident

occurred, and twenty-live hours passed before
he was released, as the men had to devise means
to stop the downward flow of clay pipe and de-
bris before they could dig him out. At times
he despaired of being saved,, as the posts and
slabs were liable to break at any moment, but
fortunately they endured the weight of debris
and he was finally rescued.

In 1867 Mr. Wilson came to Santa Barbara,
where his was among the first American fami-
lies to settle. He bought three blocks, contain-
ing fifteen acres, and forming one of the finest
property holdings in the city. The large pep-
per trees that now adorn the place came from
seeds that he planted. The residence was erect-
ed under his supervision, and the other improve-
ments represent his personal efforts. In the
midst of his various business interests he has
nevertheless traveled much. In 1854 he re-
turned east via Panama, and in 1866 again vis-
ited the old home, this time taking the Nicara-
gua route. Although he was reared under slave
influences, he has always been a stanch upholder
of the L'nion and an opponent of the slavery
system. In politics he is a Republican. While
living in the east he was made a Mason, in
Wheeling, W^. Va. In 1856 he was a repre-
sentative to the grand lodge, and the same year
he represented his chapter in the grand chap-
ter.

In Tuolunme county Mr. Wilson married
Margaret A. Calder, who was born in Jefferson
county, Ohio, and accompanied her parents to
California via Panama in 1856. Three children
were born of their union. The only daughter,
Katharine W., married Harmon Bell, an attor-
ney of San Francisco, Cal., and they have two
sons, Traylor W. and Joseph Samuel, who as
the only grandchildren of Mr. and Mrs. Wilson
are especially dear to them. Louis was born
December 24, 1859, and became a chief engineer
in Mexico, but his prospects were blighted by
his death, which occurred at Nogales, Ariz., in
December, 1886. The other son, George, was
born in 1865 and died in Santa Barbara when
only seven years of age. Mrs. Wilson's father,
James Calder, a native of New- Jersey, was the
son of a Scotchman, James Calder, Sr., a pio-
neer of Jefferson county, Ohio. In 1856, accom-
l^anied by his w^ife and five children, James Cal-
der, Jr., came to California, and his was the first
train to cross Panama after the riots. Taking
the steamer Golden Gate, he landed in San Fran-
cisco early in May. Later he engaged in ranch-
ing in Tuolumne county until his death. Frater-
nally lie was connected with the Odd Fellows.
His wife, l''lizabeth, was a daughter of William
Wyckcjff, and was born in Ohio and died in
Tuolumne county, Cal. Of the five children
fornn'ng their family three are living, viz.: Mrs.
Wilson; (ieorge, a miner in Tuolumne cotmt\ ;
and Henr\, also a resident of th;U cnuntv.

HISTORICAL AND BlUGRAl'llRAL RKCoRl

389

\V. B. CUNNANE, M. D. One of the widely
known and successful physicians and surgeons
of Santa Barbara is Dr. Cunnane. who was born
in Edinburg, Johnson county, Ind., November
16, 1854. His father, Bartholomew Cunnane,
was born in County Mayo, Ireland, and in his
\outh enjoyed such advantages as come the
way of the farm-reared Irish, boy. Upon immi-
grating to America via New (Orleans he settled
first in Hamilton, Ohio, and then in Edinburg,
Ind., later in Missouri, and in 1890 came to
Santa Barbara, Cal., where he died in 1900, at
the age of seventy-five years. His wife, Mar-
garet (Mullaney) Cunnane, was also born in
County Mayo, Ireland, and came of a family
for many years connected with Irish history and
struggles. Mrs. Cimnane, who is living in Santa
Barbara count}', is the mother of six children,
of whom three sons and two daughters are liv-
ing. Mary A. is the prmcipal of the Santa
Ynez school; Margaret is now Mrs. Lewis of
Santa Ynez ; John B. is a druggist at Santa Ynez,
and Thomas E. is a physician in \'entura.

When about eight years of age W. B. Cun-
nane accompanied his parents from Indiana to
Missouri, settling on a farm near Sturgeon,
Boone county. He attended the early subscrip-
tion schools of that county, but with the later
advent of the free schools also availed himse'f
of their advantages and subsequently graduated
from Sturgeon Academy. In 1870 he entered
the ofilicc of the general roadmaster of the
Wabash Railroad at Moberly, Mo., and soon
afterward took up telegraphy in that oiifice. On
gaining a knowledge of the work he was ap-
pointed operator on the road between Moberly
and St. Louis. He also took a course in phar-
macy at the Uriiversity of Louisiana. For three
years he was with the Texas & Pacific Railroad,
operating between Marshall and Texarkana, and
Shemian and Texarkana. In the mean time, he
had been cherishing ambitions for professional
life, inspired, no doubt, by the success of his
mother's brother, John Mullaney, a graduate of
the Columbia Law School, and in time a partner
of T. B. Hendricks. This uncle settled in San
I'Vancisco, where he practiced law for a time,
but later devoted himself to educational work.

The professional aspirations of W. B. Cun-
nane were directed toward the science of medi-
cine, and he took his first readings with Dr. S.
J. Morriss, surgeon for the Texas & Pacific
Railroad. In 1878 he entered the University of
Louisiana at New Orleans (now Tulare Univer-
sity), where he took the regular three years'
course and also the special course in toxicology
and chemistry, graduating in 1881. In the m.-aii
time his vacations had been spent with the
Texas & PacifiQ Railroad under Dr. Morriss, a
special privilege granted because of his services
(luring the yellow fever epidemic, .\fter gradu-
ation he |)racticed in Queen City, Tex., for two

years. The year 1883 found him in Santa Bar-
liara county, Cal., and for some years he was the
only resident physician of Santa Ynez, wdiere
he conducted a drug store in order that he might
have on hand a supply of medicine and general
medical necessities. This store was afterward
sold to his brother, and is still conducted by
him. While in Santa Ynez the doctor became
prominent in local affairs, served as county
physician, was a member and the secretary of
the school board, and helped to secure the erec-
tion of the new schoolhouse. In 1893 he opened
an ofifice in Santa Barbara, and has since carried
on a large general practice. The year of his
arrival he was appointed a member of the board
of examining surgeons for pensions, w^as secre-
tary of the board, and held the position until his
resignation in 1900. For the following few
months he enjoyed a complete change, travel-
ing through Arizona, Old Mexico, and other
portions of the great southwest, and while in
Sonora became interested in a mine, in which he
still retains stock. For two years he was physi-
cian in charge of the county hospital, and dur-
ing that time was also health officer.

In Ballard, Santa Barbara county, Dr. Cun-
nane married Mabel Johnston, by whom he has
two children, William Bernard, jr., and Mabel.
The family have a pleasant home at No. 1327
De la Vina street. Mrs. Cunnane was born in
Nevada, and is a daughter of W. F. and Mary
(McCorkel) Johnston, pioneers of California,
the former a cousin of Albert Sidney Johnston.
Her mother is a member of the McCorkel fam-
ily of X'irginia, direct descendants of the Cal-
houn famil}'-. In 1853 she started across the
])lains wath a train of emigrants, who were all
but wiped out by the cholera. Consumption had
threatened to shorten her days, and, hoping the
change would prove beneficial, she had decided
to come to the far west. Strange to say, she is
the sole survivor of that ill-fated train of trav-
elers. She is now approaching the sunset of life,
and is interestingly reminiscent of her terrible
experiences on the plains and the early days in
California. Her home is in Santa ]\Iaria, where
Mr. Johnston is a large stock raiser and enter-
prising business man.

While in Texas Dr. Cunnane was made a
Mason and identified himself with Lo<lge No.
49 at Kildare. but is now connected with Lodge
No. 242, F. & A. j\l., at Santa Barbara. An-
other organization of which he is a member is
the Woodmen of the \^'orl(l. Mrs. Cunnane is
a nieml)er of the Episcopal Church.

J. B. CUNNANE. The well-e<iuipped drug
store at Santa Ynez, of which Mr. Cunnane is
manager and proprietor, does a large business
in the town and surrounding couiUry. and car-
ries a full line of remedies for the alleviation of
Inunan ills, as well as stationery and the inci-

THSTORICAL AND niOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

dental requirements of all communities. The
iirst store opened by Mr. Cunnane came into
being in i88S. and was prosperously making its
way among the shoals of business life when
overtaken by the disastrous fire of 1894. While
the ashes were yet smoldering the plucky owner
was evolving plans for a new and better struc-
ture, which was ready for occupancy in 1895,
and has since met with no serious drawbacks.

Although a native of Indiana, where he was
l)orn in 1863, Mr. Cunnane grew to manhood
in Missouri, whither his father had in the mean-
time removed. He was educated at the high
school at Moberly, Randolph county, and also
graduated at the school of pharmacy in the same
town. In 1884 his ambition led him into the
west, and for two years he lived at Santa Bar-
bara, later traveling through Montana and
1 daho, and permanently locating in Santa Ynez
in 1888. The town was then but a small settle-
ment, and he has grown apace with the increase
of population and business, and may be said to
be one of the pioneers of what is now a bustling
and up-to-date community.

The marriage of Mr. Cunnane and Alice Tor-
;;nce, daughter of J. W. Torance, one of the
oldest settlers here, was solemnized in 1891,
and of this union there are three children,
Philip J., Tlionias and Margaret. The Cunnane
home is a pleasant and refined one, and the
visitor from far or near is assured of a hearty
welcome, and enjoys the delightful and unos-
tentatious hospitality. ]\Ir. Cunnane is a Demo-
crat in politics, and was appointed postmaster
of Santa Ynez in 1894. Fraternally he is con-
nected with the Knights of Pythias, and was the
first chancellor of Santa Ynez Lodge No. 212.
In 1887 he became identified with the Odd Fel-
lows, and is now a member of the Channel City
Lodge No. 232.

T. E. CUNNANE. M. D. A notable addition
to professional circles in \'entura is Dr. T. E.
Cunnane, than whom there is no medical and
surgical practitioner in the town more popular
and skillful. Of Gallic ancestry, he was born
in Boone county, Mo., May 3, 1866. His father,
ISartholomew Cunnane, who was born in County
Mayo, Ireland, and crossed the ocean to New
Orleans, La., when a mere boy, located in Ohio
i'.nd engaged in farming, later residing for a time
in Indiana, and eventually, in 1866, removing
to Missouri, where he again interested himself
in farming, until he became associated with the
Wabash liailroad as iimekee]jer. In 1889 he
came to California, and up to the time of his
lieath, in 1900, lived in comjjarative retirement
at Santa Barbara. His wife, who is still living,
was formerly Margaret Mullanev, a native of
Ireland, and is the mother of three sons and
two daughters, nuw living, of wlicmi Dr. T. I-".,
is the y(3ungest son. ( )f the nthrr ^ons. Dr. W.

1j. is a prominent physician of Santa Barbara,
rmd John B. is a druggist at Santa Ynez.

The education of Dr. T. E. Cunnane was ac-
quired in the public schools, of Boone county,
and at the high school of Moberly, Mo., from
which he was graduated in 1883. His first inde-
]icndent effort at earning a livelihood was as a
clerk in Hannibal, Mo., where he lived until
1889. Having decided to devote his life to a
mastery of the science of medicine, he repaired
to Santa Ynez in 1889 and began to study medi-
cine with his brother, \V. B., who was then lo-
cated at Santa Ynez. .Vt the same time, while
studying, he was employed as a clerk in his
brother's drug store. In this way he gained
much valuable and practical knowledge, which
was supplemented by taking the medical course
at Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, from
which he graduated in 1893. An opening for
practice was available owing to the removal of
liis brother from Santa Ynez to Santa Barbara,
and he settled down in the little town of Santa
Ynez and built up a large and appreciative busi-
ness, and before coming away was for some
lime county physician.

Thinking to better his prospects. Dr. Cun-
nane came to Ventura in August of 1900, and
it is doubtful if any could more nearly realize
their expectations. As a general practitioner he
is valued for his skill in diagnosis and success-
ful treatment of complicated physical disorder^
and for that geniality of maimer and rare tact,
which v.ins and holds friends in any walk of life.
His many interests extend to social and fra-
ternal organizations, and he is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of
( )dd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. He
is medical examiner for a number of organiza-
tions and societies and also is a member of the
I'loard of Examiners of the United States Pen-
sion Bureau. In politics he is a Democrat.

While living in Santa Ynez Dr. Cunnane mar-
ried Nellie Blair, who was born and educated
in West A'irginia, and who is the mother of two
children, Eugenia and Virginia.

J. M. STEADE, M. D. Since establish-
ing his home in San Diego in January, 1895,
Dr. Steade has engaged in a general prac-
tice of medicine and surgery, and has his
office in the Peterson block. No. 832 F'ifth
street. In addition to his private practice, he
f')rmerly gave his services as a member of the
board of h.ealth, and at this writing is instructor
of obstetrics in the San Diego Training School
for Nurses, which institution he assi.sted in or-
ganizing.

The first rejiresentative of the Steade family
in America came from England and settled in
Xortli Carolina. His son.'lohn, was a native
of North Carolina and bccanu- a pioiuer fron-
liersin.in and >r,„it in Kentnck\, w here Ik- had

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

many thrilliiiy experiences. Next in line of
descent was Frank, who \\as born in Bowling
Green, Ky., and became a scout for the govern-
ment during the Civil war, holding the rank of
captain. Some years afterward he died in Okla-
homa. His wife, Tallie, was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and now lives in San Diego county, C'al.
Her father, William Young, was born in Orange
county, N. Y., of remote English ancestry. In
early life he moved to Bourbon county, Ky.,
where he improved a farm. During the Civil
war he was a stanch advocate of free-state prin-
ciples.

The only child of Frank and Tallie Steade
was J. M., the subject of this article. He was
born in Fort Scott, Kans., in 1862, and in infancy
was taken to Philadelphia, Pa., but at seven
years of age returned to Fort Scott, Kans. Af-
terward he engaged in raising cattle on T 5
ranch, situated on the North Canadian river, in
No Man's Land. From boyhood it was his am-
bition to study medicine, and as soon as the way
was opened he turned his attention to this work.
In 1887 he was graduated from Cincinnati Ec-
lectic College and in 1894 received the degree of
M. D., also from the Cincinnati College of Medi-
cine and Surgery.

HON. EDMUND M. BURKE, the tax col-
lector of Santa Barbara county, was born in the
city of Santa Barbara April 15, 1871, and re-
ceived the rudiments of his education under
private tutors in this place. In 1884 he entered
.St. Vincent's College, at Los Angeles, where
he remamed until his senior year. The first po-
sition of a public nature that he held was the
office of deputy county tax collector under his
father, and he later served as deputy county as-
sessor. April 21, i8g8, he assumed the duties
of mayor, to which office he had been elected
by the people of Santa Barbara, receiving a
large majority. During his term a new charter
was adopted which made the age of eligibility
to the mayor's office thirty years, and he was
therefore ineligible for re-election. Among the
improvements made during his administration
was the completion of the city water works
plant. Streets and bridges were also put in bet-
ter condition. Other improvements proved his
activity as an official and his interest in the city's
advancement. On the death of his father, in
September, 1900, the board of supervisors ap-
pointed him to fill the vacancy in the office of
county tax collector, and he is now serving in
that capacity, his term to expire in January,
1903.

The Republican party has in Mr. Burke a
stanch supporter. With the firmest conviction
of the value of party principles, he gives his
allegiance to the men and measures for which
the organization stands. He has served as chair-
man of the county convention and been a mem-

ber of the county central committee, besides
which he now represents this county on the
slate central committee. He is a member of the
Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce. Frater-
nally he is connected with the Independent Or-
der of Foresters: the Ancient Order of United
Workmen; the Foresters of America, in which
he is a past officer; the Native Sons of the
(Jolden West, being past president of the Santa
Barbara Parlor No. 116; the United Moderns;
the Knights of Pythias, Uniform Rank; the
i\Iodern Woodmen of America, of which he is
consul; Knights of the Maccabees; the Com-
panions of the Forest, and the Elks. From
boyhood he has been familiar with the Spanish
language, in which he has acquired a knowledge
as thorough as that of English. His marriage
was solemnized in Ventura and united him with
Miss Lorena May Garfield, who was born in
Spring Valley, Minn., and by whom he has two
children, Lorena A. and Edmund F.

MIGUEL F. BURKE. During the '20s, Cap-
tain James Walter Burke, a native of Galway,
Ireland, and an officer in the English merchant
marine service, visited Santa Barbara. Although
he had visited all the principal ports of the
world and had once circumnavigated the globe,
he had found no spot so fair as this, and he de-
termined to establish his home here. Settling
in Santa Barbara, he turned his attention to
farming and trading in stock. In Monterey he
married Sefiora Josefa Boronda, member o'f an
old Spanish family of California. Both lived to
be quite old, he dying at seventy-eight and she
when seventy-nine years of age. They were the
parents of several children, but had only one
son, Miguel F. He was born November 23,
1839, in an adobe house on Figueroa street, be-
tween State and Anacapa, Santa Barbara. A
part of that old house still stands, and adjoins
the Congregational Church. It is a notable
fact that he spent his entire life in the same lo-
cality and died in the block in which he was
born.

There being no schools in Santa Barbara
when he was a boy, he was sent to Holy Cross
College, Worcester, Mass., where he remained
until his education was completed, the distance
being too great for him to return home during
vacations. With the exception of this period at
school, he spent his life wholly in Santa Bar-
bara county, and was at various times teamster,
clerk and express agent. Among the roads
which he opened was the one from here to
Gaviota, and in 1871 he assumed charge of
(iaviota Landing, where he built a wharf, and
for several years he was exceedingly prosperous,
but later lost heavily through the depression in
real estate. After leaving Gaviota in 1882 he
went to Buell Flat and thence to Santa Ynez.
In the '70s he was master of road district No. 4.

394

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

January 4, 1881, he was appointed supervisor of
the third district, and served two years. From
1890 to 1894 he was a member of the common
council. For sixteen years he served as county
tax collector, being elected six consecutive
times. The lowest majority he ever received for
the office was forty-nine, and the highest nine
hundred and ninety-one. Although a stanch
Republican, he had a strong Democratic sup-
port, and carried by a large majority Santa
Vnez, the banner Democratic precinct in the
county. He was filling the position at the time
of his death, which occurred September 7, 1900,
at the age of sixty yearsand nine months.

July 16, 1870, Mr. Burke married Ellen J\L
Murphy, and they had eight children, three now-
living, namely: Edmund M.; Frank A., a rail-
way mail clerk of San Francisco, and Delphina,
Mrs. Otis A. Longley, of Fresno.

J. LEE HAGADORN, M. D. In the midst
of a community where the medical fraternity has
many representatives with an experience of
twenty-five years or more, and with reputations
extending far beyond the borders of their home
L-ity, it is a noteworthy fact that a number of
younger physicians have achieved a success
that, in view of all the circumstances, is little
short of remarkable. In this latter class belongs
Dr. Hagadorn, one of the most successful of
the modern school of professional activity. His
associations are distinctively with the west. A
graduate of a California university, a member of
various well-known California organizations
and a practitioner of Los Angeles, his success
IS typical of the opportunities which our coast
regions oflfer to young men of ability.

Descended from a Holland-Dutch family of
New York state. Dr. Hagadorn -was born in
\'assar, Mich., March i,"i872, and was the
youngest of three children, the others, William
and Nellie, being likewise residents of Los An-
geles. He is a son of Rev. Wesley Hagadorn,
a native of South Lyon, Mich., of which his
father, a New Yorker, was a pioneer farmer.
Reared in the faith of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, he was given excellent advantages, at-
tending the University of Michigan and North-
western University (then known as Evanston
Divinity School). His first experiences in
l)reaching were gained as a circuit rider in the
lumber regions, where he endured all the hard-
ships attendant upon such work in pioneer days.
Later, for twenty-one years, he was a member
ot the Detroit conference, but finally, owing to
ill health, retired from the ministry. He came
to California in 1887 with the hope that a
change of climate might restore his health,
which was seriously impaired. However, the
hope was not realized, and a year later, in 1888,
he died in Pasadena, aged fifty-six years. His
wife, who was Adelaide Leseur, was born in

-\nn Arbor, Mich., of French descent, and died
in 1875.

\V ith such advantages as the grammar and
high schools of Lansing, Mich., afford, J. Lee
Hagadorn was fitted, on coming to California,
to take up the serious pursuits of life, and at
the close of three years of study in Professor
Parker's school, in 1890 he took up the study of
medicine under Dr. Joseph Kurtz of Los An-
geles. The same year he matriculated in the
medical department, University of Southern
California, from which he received the degree
of ]\I. D. in 1893, and at the same time accepted
an appointment as house surgeon in Los An-
geles county hospital. A year later he opened
an office in Fullerton, Orange county, but eight-
een months later returned to Los Angeles, and
for two years was associated wath his former
preceptor, Dr. Joseph Kurtz. Since then he
has practiced alone, and has his office in the
Douglas building. In addition to his private
practice he has held the position of associate
professor of the principles and practice of medi-
cine in the institution of which he is a graduate.
The class of 1900 honored him by inviting him
to deliver the address in their behalf on gradua-
tion day, and his address, which was a plea for
the young practitioner, received much favorable
mention.

While in Fullerton Dr. Hagadorn met and
married Aliss Ethyl Priest, who was born in
Minnesota and by whom he has a son, Paul.
They are connected with the First Methodist
Episcopal Church of Los Angeles, in the main-
tenance of which Dr. Hagadorn assists. Fra-
ternally he is connected with the Uniform
Rank, K. of P., and is chancellor commander of
Los Angeles Lodge No. 205. Other orders
with which he is connected are the D. O. K. K.,
the Woodmen of the World and Delta Chapter.
Phi Rho Sigma, besides wdiich he is examin-
ing physician for the Brotherhood of Locomo-
tive Firemen. In politics he votes with the
Republican party.

There is no phase of the medical profession in
which Dr. Hagadorn fails to maintain a keen
interest. Every development made in the
science of therapeutics receives thoughtfid
study on his part, and he is eager to adopt in
his practice such improvements as are of un-
(juestioned value; at the same time he is con-
servative, averse to any decisions which are not
formulated upon actual experience. Both in
the Los Angeles County and the Southern Cali-
fornia Medical Associations he is an active
worker, and before both he has read papers
liearing upon important professional themes,
while he lias also been a contributor to the
medical literature of the day through the pub-
lication of his articles in professional journals.
A few years ago he contributed to the Southern
California Practitioner a little screed entitled

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

"A Bacteriological Iragedy," which has since
been copied in some thirty-four medical journals
of this country and Europe, and has brought his
name into prominence among many to whom he
was previously unknown. While his practice
is general and his knowledge of every depart-
ment of medicine thorough, he has made a spe-
cial study of aujesthesia, and in Southern Cali-
fornia has gained a reputation as an expert
anaesthetist, his experience in and knowledge of
this exceedingly important department of the
profession being unexcelled among the physi-
cians of this part of the state.

EDWARD T. BALCH, M. D. Although
as early as 1626 John Balch settled in Massa-
chusetts, that branch of the family represented
by Dr. Balch of Santa Barbara remained in
England until the nineteenth century. The gen-
ealogy is traced back to the year 1023 in Eng-
land, and there are vaults in Westham Abbey
where generations of the family's dead were laid
10 rest. In its original derivation, the name
comes from Balkh in Arabia. Thomas Balch,
AI. D., father of Edward T., was a surgeon in
the British navy, but resigned his commission
and in 1830 crossed the ocean from England to
New York, settling in New York City ; however,
six years later he returned to his native land,
where he later died. His wife, who was born at
Salisbuiy Plains, was a member of the Titford
family, of old English extraction; her father
lived to be ninety-eight, but she died in middle
life, leaving two children, of whom Edward T.
was the only son. Born in London, England,
June 27, 1827, he was three years of age when
his father crossed the ocean to America. After
the return to London, he studied under the
tutorship of Thomas Stanton, and later spent
three years in Oxford. On leaving the univer-
sity, he made a tour of the Holy Land and India,
in company with his tutor, remaining abroad
from 1846 to 1849. ^Meantime he became greatly
interested in the people of India and their
knowledge of theosophy, telepathy and kindred
studies. Under a very learned man, he himself
made considerable advance in the occult arts,
and it was his desire to remain in India for fur-
ther investigation, but his tutor, who was an
English clergyman, opposed the plan, and in-
fluenced the young man to come to America
instead.

Crossing the Isthmus of Suez on camel-back
and then journeying through the Mediterranean
Sea, Dr. Balch finally made his way across the
Atlantic to New Orleans. La., landing there in
1849. Some knowledge of medicine he had
already gained, and he now entered the Univer-
sity of Louisiana, from which he received the
degree of M. D. in 185 1. He entered upon pro-
fessional work in New Orleans, but in 1861 the
breaking out of the Civil war and his own open-

ly expressed sympathy with the Union, made
the city no longer a safe place of residence, so
he went to Weatherford, Tex., where he became
interested in the cattle business. However, there
he found surroundings as unsafe as in New Or-
leans. Indeed, so strong was sentiment against
him that a plot was formed to hang him on ac-
count of his Union sympathies. However, a
little girl revealed the plot to him and he hastily
lied, crossing the Red river to an Indian village,
where for a time he suffered from fever. On his
recovery he returned to Texas for his wife. Next
he made his way to Louisiana and on to the
vicinity of Vicksburg. Arriving on the battle-
field of Corinth, he joined the Federal troops,
and f<jr the first time since the spring of 186 1
felt that he was out of peril. Soon he proceeded
to Philadelphia and there met Captain Young,
whom he had known in New Orleans. In the
fall of 1862 he was commissioned acting ensign
on the iVdella, in Admiral Bailey's east and gulf
blockading squadron, but later he was trans-
ferred to the Sunflower, and finally, owing- to ill
health, was given sick leave, and in February,
1865, was honorably discharged in New York.

After having practiced his profession in the
east for some years, in 1871 Dr. Balch settled in
Southbend, Wash., where he remained for twen-
ty years, meantime acting as examining physi-
cian for the New York Life and Mutual Life
Insurance Companies and as health officer of
Pacific county. The year 1891 found him in
California. For five years he remained in Suni-
merland. On the death of his wife, Sarah
(Foster) Balch, whom he had married in 1857,
he removed to .Santa Barbara, and has since
engaged in practice here, now having his of-
fice in the Hopkins block. Since coming here
he has married again, his wife having been Har-
riet Noyes, a native of Maine. He has two
adopted sons, Edward T. and Byron T. The
former, who was educated in the LTniversity of
Oregon, is a lieutenant in the Thirty-seventh
L^nited States Volunteer Regiment, and recently
served in the Philippines with Batson's scouts.
Byron T. was a member and sergeant of Com-
pany M, Forty-fourth United States Regiment.

In 1852, Dr. Balch was made a Mason in New
CJrleans, of which order he is still an active
member. Always interested in matters connect-
ed with the temperance cause, he has been iden-
tified with the Sons of Temperance, Independ-
ent Order of Good Templars and Temple of
Honor. Starr King Post numbers him among
its active workers and enables him to keep in
touch with all Grand Army work. Since be-
coming a citizen of the United States, he has
been a stanch Republican and a firm believer
in party principles. He is a member of the
Southern California Homeopathic Medical So-
ciety. In addition to his private practice, he
gives considerable attention to the work of the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Santa iiarbara Humane Society, of which he is
secretary. This society has made prominent
the truth that by educating children to a knowl-
edge of the importance of a humane treatment
ot all animals more can be accomplished than
by radical means. Prevention rather than pun-
ishment is recommended, the latter being re-
sorted to only in extreme cases.

JOHN H. WILLIAMS. Many wanderers
in foreign lands have traced a likeness between
the climate, flora and natural advantages of
Italy and California, and have thought to repro-
duce on the Pacific coast at least the beauty of
situation of some of the renowned places south
of the Alps, albeit shorn of that indefinable
charm slowly wrought by the enchanting history
of the ages. But it remained for one man to
practically test the utility of his dream of a simi-
larity between the coast efifects in a bay of Santa
Barbara county, and that unrivalled bay which
has shrouded the Naples of the old world in
unquenchable fame, with its sheen of sky and
air, and its view of distant Capri. It is pos-
sible that had Mr. Williams lived to further
superintend the fuliillment of his expectations,
the plans which are now under way, and which
but await the touch of a master hand, would
have been accomplished; and it is also more
tlian possible that his appreciation of art and
architecture and all that contributes to the
beauty and refinement of life would have entered
into his calculations, and inspired the erection
of buildings and homes, the making of parks,
the production of flora, in harmony with his
ideas of a modern Naples in the western world.

The early life of this loyal citizen, whose
death occurred December 15, 1895, and who left
behind him so many unfinished plans, was spent
in Madison county, Ohio, where he was born
in 1841. He early evinced signs of that finan-
cial ability so noticeable in his mature years,
and when cjuite young engaged in business in
Wall street. New York City. After several
years he went to St. Louis and engaged
in the lumber business for twenty years with
the firm of Williams & Alford. While in the
southern city he married in 1874, Miss Alice
I'aist, the friend and playmate of his childhood,
and who was born in Clark county, Ohio, her
husband's birthplace having been on the line
lietween Clark and Madison counties. In 1881
Mr. and Mrs. Williams enjoyed the advantages
of travel in Europe, and during their two years'
absence from America intelligently observed the
conditions to be found under old world rule.
L'pon returning to the States Mr. Williams again
engaged in the lumber business in St. Louis,
and in 1887 permanently located in California,
having spent a number of winters here in the
l)ast. On one of these trips Mr. Williams had
consulted with the Southern Pacific men, and

upon the strength of their representations in re-
gard to a future branch to go through his land,
lie purchased one thousand acres of the Dos
Pueblos ranch for a town site. The entire land
was laid out in lots and blocks, and although
the railroad men did not fulfill their promise in
regard to a line, Mr. Williams never for a mo-
ment relinquished his intention of creating here
on the Pacific swept coast another Naples, and
in furtherance of his desire established a post-
office, store, hotel and built several cottages on
the west side of the town site. As if in response
to a tardy appeal, the embryo town is now vis-
ited by the passing trains, but the brain which
wearied not while waiting its arrival is beyond
the worry and struggle which its advent might
have brought him. Strangely like the old, is
ihe situation of the new Naples, with its grad-
ual slope from the sea to the mountains, some
two miles inland. The canon forming the west-
ern boundary of the property is a very deep
one, down which flows a stream of the purest
water for miles around. On the west of the
town site Mr. Williams purchased the eighty
acres where he lived until his death, and which
is now the home of his wife. The house on the
estate was formerly the home of Dr. Den, who
settled in Santa Barbara county in 1836. It
consists of two parts and is located over the
canon, one-half mile from the sea. The build-
ings lay east and west, side by side, one having
been built, no doubt, several years before the
other, and at a time when the Indians were
very troublesome, for there are no windows ex-
lept in the roof, and the walls are very thick.
The rooms of the other house are large and
planned with a view to elegance of furnishings
and every possible comfort known at that time,
and they are to-day the acme of refinement and
a tribute to the artistic appreciation of the
owner. In the days of the missions one small
room used to be occupied by a priest. The
lawns are a perfect forest of flowers, cacti and
giant oak trees, and water is piped from Dos
i^ueblos.

Before his health failed Mr. Williams was
known throughout the country as an exception-
ally capable lumber merchant, and in his par-
ticular line was without a rival. He was beyond
all else a man guided by the highest morality
and honesty. He never allowed liquor to be
sold on his premises. In politics he was an
ardent Republican. A great lover of dogs and
horses, he spent a great deal of time in their
raising, and appreciated their intelligence and
comradeship. He was also a breeder of Shetland
ponies, a ready demand being found for their
sale, as his breed was a fine one. The ponies
still continue to graze in the pastures of this
ideal Southern home, and only recently Mrs.
Williams shipped a car-load east.

Though in perfect sympathy with her hus-

ak. ",

•11

^ Jc/

Ciyuv'-e^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

399

Ijaiid's plans, it is uf course not possible for her
lo carry them to fruition, although Mrs. Wil-
liams is straining every effort to do so. She
seems to see a future of prosperity for Naples,
as already many people of wealth and national
reputations have purchased lots, among others
being the actress, j\Irs. Langtry. As a tribute
to the memory of her husband, Mrs. Williams
is erecting on the town site of Naples a beau-
tiful stone church, overlooking the canon, and
a little back from the sea. Here will be a vault
to serve as a last resting place for the com-
panion of her childhood and of later years.
Iiverything that money can buy to beautify the
temple is unstintingly purchased. Emblematical
of his tastes and characteristics.it is to a marked
degree. The corners of belfry are Gargoiles
representing mountain lions. The head of a
dog is on each side of vault door. The in-
scription for the door of the church is as fol-
lows: "This church is erected to the glory of
God and His Son Jesus Christ, and in memory
of the founder of Naples, John H. Williams."
Mrs. Williams is a delightful and amiable
woman; a good manager and financier, and no
one is more honored, or holds a more abiding
place in the hearts of friends and associates.

REV. PATRICK HAWE. In tlie economy
of creation no good deed is ever lost, though its
fruition may be long delayed. About 1770
Father Junipero Serra, when on his trip north,
looking' for the bay of Monterey, passed very
near the present site of Santa Monica, and, with
his men, camped under an old sycamore tree
that still stands near the grounds of the Sol-
diers' Home. The location was described by
him as being about a league from the sea. As
these Roman Catholic missionaries beheld the
beauty of the location and surroundings they
were unconsciously influenced thereby, and two
soldiers, dispatched to search for springs, re-
turned with the statement that they had found
water whose crystal drops resembled Santa
Monica's tears. It being the 4th of May (Santa
Monica's day). Father Serra gave the place the
name of the saint and held services appropriate
lo the occasion under the old sycamore tree. It
may not be inappropriate to mention that the
water supply of the city now comes from these
same springs. The party of explorers proceeded
northward along the ocean beach, but soon
found that the tide and rocks impeded further
progress, so returned and went througli what is
now called Santa Monica Canon, thence into
the San Fernando valley and on to Ventura and
further north.

The seed that was .sown by Father Serra on
Santa Monica's day so long ago has borne fruit
in the ministry of Father Hawe. Within a ra-
dius of a few miles of the old sycamore tree,
which is preserved with the greatest care, there

are now four congregations and an academy.
Chief among these is Santa Monica's Church, on
Third street, of which Father Hawe has been
rector since May, 1886. Near by is the Holy
Names' Academy, in charge of the .Sisters of the
Holy Names, and which is one of the philan-
thropies most dear to the rector's heart. The
first Cathohc services at the Soldiers' Home
were held by him, and he is now chaplain there.
To his efforts is due the erection of a Roman
Catholic Church at the Home, the funds for
which were provided by the government. In
addition, he organized a congregation at The
Palms and built St. Augustin's Church, which
he named in honor of the son of Santa Monica.
The ministering to this congregation, which is
seven miles from his home church, forms an-
other duty in his busy, useful life. The fourth
congregation to which he ministers is at Ocean
Park, one mile from Santa Monica, where he
recently started a mission church. In his va-
rious congregations he has the usual sodalities
and societies, to all of which he gives his aid
and influence, believing them to be most power-
ful auxiliaries in promoting the usefulness of
the church.

At the home farm of his parents, John and
Bridget (Feehan) Hawe, in county Kilkenny,
Ireland, Patrick Hawe was born in 1847, being
one of seven children. Another brother, John,
is also a priest, and is now in the diocese of
Dubuque, Iowa. When sixteen years of age
Patrick was sent to the Classical academy of the
Carmelites, from which he was graduated three
years later. Following this he took a five-years'
course in All Hallows' College, at Dublin, Ire-
land, where he graduated in 1872 from the
department of philosophy and theology. The
ordination service consecrating him to the
priesthood took place June 24, 1872, at All
Hallows', and was in charge of Bishop Whalen,
bishop of Bombay, India. -Appointed to the
Monterey and Los Angeles diocese, he came
at once to California. For two months he
assisted in the San Bernardino Church,
and for a year was connected with San
Buena Ventura Church, also for a similar pe-
riod worked in the San Luis Obispo congrega-
tion. The nine following years were spent un-
der Father Adam, V. G., now of Spain, in the
Church of the Holy Cross at Santa Cruz. Af-
ter a year as assistant to Father Villa at Santa
Barbara he returned to San Bernardino, taking
charge of the work for a year during the ab-
sence of the rector. From there he was sent to
Anaheim as rector of St. Boniface's, and while
there he built the parochial residence. In May.
1886, he was appointed rector of Santa Monica's
Church, and at once came to this city, then a
town of about nine hundred people. No pas-
tor had ever ministered to the people here, the
work having been sustained by visiting priests.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Under his supervision the parochial residence
was built, also the Academy of the Holy Names,
the latter having been dedicated February 22,
1901. While his numerous congregations leave
Father Hawe little time for other matters, yet
he finds leisure for an oversight of the academy,
and his interest in its success is intense. Realiz-
ing the value of educational work in promoting
ihe welfare of the Roman Catholic Church, he
deems no sacrifice too great whereby the pros-
Ijerity of the school may be promoted, and he
knows no higher ambition than to minister to its
success and to advance the spiritual welfare of
his parishioners. June 24, 1902, in Santa Mon-
ica, he celebrated the thirtieth anniversary of
his ordination. This was made an occasion of
much moment by his many friends, parishion-
ers and visiting priests in Southern California.

WILLIAM HENRY LEWIS, M. D. In
an early day in the history of America three
brothers bearing the family name of Lewis
crossed the ocean from Wales and established
their homes in the colony of Massachusetts.
From one of them descended James Lewis, a
farmer, who during the Revolutionary war com-
manded a company of patriots as their captain.
His son, William C, wlio for twenty-five years
was sheriff of Middlesex county, died in 1861,
leaving an only child, William Henry, born of
his marriage to Emeline A. Bellows; the latter
was a native of N'ermoiit, of an old family there,
and died in New Jersey. Their son was born in
(iroton, Mass., November 30, 1840. When only
tiiirteen years of age he left home to make his
own way in the- world. Going to New London,
Wis., he worked there for two years. On his
return to Massachusetts he joined an uncle, who
was a physician at Roxbury, and under his pre-
ceptor.sliip he gained his primary knowledge of
the science of medicine. Later he matriculated
in the Harvard Medical College, but soon after-
ward went to the Jefiferson Medical College, in
I'hiladelphia. During the Civil war he received
from the governor of Pennsylvania an appoint-
ment as assistant surgeon in George Street hos-
pital, where he remained for more than two
years, holding meantime the rank of captain in
the army. On resigning the position he entered
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, from which
he was graduated in 1865, with the degree of
.\1. D.

Opening an office in Boston, Dr. Levi'is car-
ried on a general i)ractice there for eight years,
in 1873 he established his ofifice in the Fifth
.\venue hotel, where he remained for five years,
meantime building up a practice among a
wealthy and aristocratic class of citizens, to
whom his skill commended him. Finally, owing
to failure of health, he gave up his practice and
went to Cold Valley, W. Va., where he remained
for three years. On regaining his strength, he

established an ofifice in Newton, N. J., where he
was city physician, and for fifteen years con-
ducted an important practice. After spending
three years in Newark, N. J., he spent eight
months in Europe, traveling through England
and France, and studying the methods employed
in the leading clinics of the old world. With the
knowledge acquired by contact with the greatest
physicians in the world, he returned to the
United States to resume the practice of his pro-
fession. He visited various cities with a view
to locating, and finally established his home in
Santa Barbara, which subsequent experience has
convinced him possesses the finest climate in
the world. It was with a view to enjoying this
climate, as well as the beautiful scenery, that he
erected a residence especially adapted for out-
door life and for providing shelter yet giving
an abundance of light and fresh air. It had not
been his intention at first to engage in practice,
but gradually he drifted back to the professional
work that had formerly engrossed his atten-
tion and in June, 1901, he opened an office at
No. 1 1 13 State street, his present location.

In political views Dr. Lewis is a Democrat of
the old-line type, a firm believer in the gold
standard as best adapted to the commercial and
financial development of our nation. While in
New York City he was made a Mason and sub-
sequently was raised to the chapter degree. In
religion he is an Episcopalian. His first wife,
Serene Bufifington, was born in Boston and
died there, leaving four children, namely: Mrs.
Corinna Dinsmore, of Cincinnati, Ohio; Ernst,
who is engaged in the real-estate business in
Boston, Mass.; Stewart, who graduated from
the University of the City of New York with
the degree of M. D., and is now a popular
physician of Brooklyn, N. Y.; and Gerald, who
is with his father. The second marriage of Dr.
Lewis took place in New Jersey and united him
with Olivia P. Woodford, who was born at Tar-
rytown on the Hudson. Dr. and Mrs. Lewis
have many friends among the most cultured and
refined people of their home city.

NATHANIEL STEWART. The sheriff of
Santa Barbara county is a member of one of
the pioneer families of the west. His father,
Archimedes Stewart, a native of Indiana, was
a son of John Stewart, of eastern birth, who
crossed the plains with his family in 1846, mak-
ing the trip with oxen as motive power. Be-
coming the earliest settler at Corvallis, Benton
county, Ore., he engaged in raising stock and
general products there. In 1870 he leased his
ranch and removed to the Willow creek coun-
try, in the eastern part of that state, where his
stock operations were extensively and success-
fully conducted. Later he returned to Corvallis,
and there he died when ninety-two years of age.
The life of his son, Archimedes, was in many

HISTORICAL yVND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

401

respects similar to his own, altliough he added
mining- interests to the cattle business. His
death occurred, as the result of exposure, when
he was fifty-seven years of age. He had mar-
ried Matilda Grimsley who was born in Ohio,
and in 1846 came to Oregon with her father,
fohn Grimsley, a farmer, who died at eighty-
eight years. Mrs. Matilda Stewart died when
in middle life, leaving four children. Only two
survive, our subject's brother being Granville,
an expert telegraph operator, who for years
;icted as manager in various western towns, and
is now with the Sunset Telephone Company at
San Francisco.

At Corvallis, Ore., where he was born May
15, 1853, Nathaniel Stewart received his educa-
tion in the public schools and Agricultural Col-
lege, also the Episcopal Seminary. In 1873 he
began ranching near Yreka, Cal, and was there
at the time of the Alodoc war. When twenty-
one years of age he attended the National Busi-
ness College at Portland, Ore., from which he
was graduated in 1874. Taking up telegraphy,
lie was employed as operator at Yreka, Cal.,
next at Callahan's Ranch. In addition to repre-
.-enting the Western Union, he also acted as
jigent for the Wells-Fargo Express Company.
In the fall of 1876 he went to Los Angeles as
an operator in the Western Union office. His
residence in Santa Barbara county dates from
April, 1877, when he came to Lompoc as tele-
graph operator, and here also he was clerk and
Ijookkeeper for J. Rudolph & Co. for three
years, and also became interested in the butcher
Jnisiness. In 1881, with a partner, he bought
a ranch, and for seven years the two men con-
tinued together, meantime buying two other
ranches and acquiring altogether three thousand
acres. Tlie partnership was dissolved in 1888,
and on the division of the property Mr. Stewart
acquired the Stevens ranch of eighteen hundred
acres which he still owns and which is one of the
valualjle ranches of the county. Besides con-
ducting this property, he carried on a meat busi-
ness in Lompoc until 1897, when he sold out.

On the Republican ticket, in 1898, i\Ir. Stew-
art was the nominee for county sheriff. The
result was a tie, which necessitated a special
election. At that time, December 13, he was
given a majority of one hundred and forty-
seven votes, and in January, 1899, took the oath
of office, since which time he has devoted his
attention to the duties of his responsible posi-
tion. On assuming his duties, he moved his fam-
ily from Lompoc and has since made his home
in Santa Barbara. His marriage took place in
Lompoc and united him with Mary E. Reed,
who was born in .Santa Clara county, Cal. Her
father, John Reed, was a pioneer of Santa Clara
county, of which he acted as county surveyor.
Later he held a similar position in Santa Bar-
bara county, where he died. The children of

Mv. and Mrs. Stewart are named as follows:
Jessie P., wife of Dr. Stinson, of Santa Barbara;
Horace J., a member of the California National
Guard, and now employed in the Santa Barbara
postoffice; Elsie L., Alma H. and Eva.

During his residence in Lompoc Mr. Stewart
was for seven years a member of the board of
education and its clerk. He also acted as a city
trustee and was serving as mayor at the time of
his election to the sheriff's office, when he re-
signed. His identification with the Republican
party has always been close, and at one time he
was a member pf the county central committee.
Fraternally he is connected with the Uniform
Rank, K. of P., Woodmen of the World,
Benevolent Protective Order of Elks (of which
local lodge he is a charter member) and the
Ancient Order of United Workmen.

PAUL O. TIETZEN. One of the solid
financial institutions of Santa Barbara county
is the Bank of Santa Maria, which owes its ori-
gin and incorporation in 1890 to the far-sighted
ability of Paul O. Tietzen, who has since been
its manager. The bank has a capital stock of
$100,000, of which $67,000 is paid in. The offi-
cers are: William L. Adams, president, and J.
F. Goodwin, cashier.

No man in Santa Maria has more thorough-
ly assimilated American methods and enterprise
than has Mr. Tietzen. As his name implies,
he is of German nationality, and was born in
West Prussia, north Germany, March 20, 1852.
His parents, Julius and Adelaide (Eisner) Tiet-
zen, w'ere born and spent their entire lives in the
empire, the death of the former having occurred
in the spring of 1900. Like the average youth
of well-to-do parents, Paul O. received a prac-
tical public school education, supplemented by
a collegiate training. His first departure from
his native shores was as a sailor, in company
with his uncle, and during the two years which
he spent before the mast he visited England,
South America, China, West Indies and the
Sandwich Islands, gathering together a great
deal of useful information, of incalculable ben-
efit in his later years. After spending some time
in New York he came to California in 1870 and
became identified with several different firms in
San Francisco, and for a short time lived in
Prescott, Ariz. Since coming to Santa Maria
in 1890 he has been prominent in all of the prin-
cipal undertakings of the town, and has, besides
low'n real-estate, a fine stock and fruit ranch in
the country.

In Guadaloupe, in 1884. Mr. Tietzen married
Margaret McHenry, and of this union there are
three children, Ida, Hazel and Herbert. The
family reside in a palatial home on Broad-
way, wherein are to be found all manner of
modern conveniences, and where hospitality is
unstintingly extended. Fraternally Mr. Tietzen

403

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

is a luaslcr Mason at Santa Maria, and he is a
charter member of the Independent Order of
Foresters. He is esteemed by all who know him,
and occupies a prominent place as a citizen of
irreproachable integrity and soiuid commercial
astuteness.

COL. WILLI AAI W. HOLLISTER. No
name is more closely interwoven with the
pioneer history of Southern California than that
L/f William Wells Hollister, whose mature years
were intimately associated with the develop-
ment of this region. The second son of John
and Philena (Hubbard) Hollister, he was born
in Licking county, Ohio, January 12, 1818.
Early in 1802 his father had migrated from New
England to Ohio and there he remained until
his death, at which time his son, William W.,
succeeded to the management of the estate of
one thousand acres. His unusual ability was
manifest at this early period, for he soon
doubled the area of the estate and also engaged
in merchandising. During the summer of 1852
he started across the plains, arriving at San
Jose, Cal, October 3. Deciding at once that
here he was ofifered a fine field for the sheep
business, he returned to Ohio, and in the spring
of 1853, with fifty men, driving six thousand
graded sheep, was again en route to the far west.
On this journey he was accompanied by his
brother Hubbard and his sister, Mrs. Lucy A.
Brown, the latter a woman of exceptional abil-
ity and noble character, to whose influence the
Colonel was largely indebted for his success.
She died April 30, 1893, aged seventy-nine
}ears; Hubbard Hollister, who also possessed a
character in many respects ideal, died January
5, 1S73, at the age of fifty-three years. There
was an older brother, Albert G., who was the
equal of the others in every respect, and who
died April 24, 1891, aged seventy-nine.

llie party drove their sheep from St. Joseph,
AIo., to Salt Lake, thence via the Mormon road
to San Bernardino, Cal, reaching the latter point
with less than one-fourth the original number
of sheep. However, the grass, which was grow-
ing green and fresh, soon restored strength to
the remainder of the flock, and Monterey county
was reached without further loss. At San Juan
Colonel Hollister became associated with I'lint,
Bixby & Co., which purchased the famous San
Justo ranch and other proi^erties until they be-
came perhaps the largest land holders on the
Pacific coast. The San Justo ranch was sub-
divided and sold to a colony of settlers, it be-
ing Colonel Hollister's desire to interest per-
manent settlers in this region. The colony of
I.ompoc was also formed through his liberality.
Soon after the sale of the San Justo ranch, he
settled in Santa Barbara, and from that time
until his death he was deeply interested in the
development of the city. It is said that he ex-

pended $500,000 in and around the city. Every
worthy enterprise was sure of his generous as-
sistance. The erection of the Arlington house
was rendered possible by his liberality. Santa
Barbara College was largely indebted to him.
Odd Fellows Hall and Odd Fellows free library
received liberal gifts from him. In fact, there
was no enterprise of his day that lacked his
generous support.

Meantime Colonel Hollister retained large
landed and stock interests. His estate, which
was named Glen Annie, in honor of his wife,
contained 2,750 acres of land. From the wide
verandas of his home he could overlook a plan-
tation containing 2,000 orange and lemon trees
in bearing condition; 30,000 almond trees, 500
limes, 350 plums, 200 peaches, besides other
fruits. In partnership with T. B. Dibblee, he
was the owner of San Julian rancho, in the west-
ern part of Santa Barbara county, comprising
the ranches of San Julian, Salsipuedes, Espada,
Santa Anita, Gaviota and Las Cruces. Alto-
gether, the property embraced 100,000 acres,
I'.nd carried about 60,000 head of sheep and 500
cattle, the annual sales of which aggregated
$125,000. The Gaviota wharf is a part of this
property, although it is also used for the ship-
ment of produce from the Santa Ynez valley.
Built by Hollister & Dibblee in 1875, it is 1,000
feet long, and accommodates a large business,
principally in live stock, wool, general merchan-
dise, sacked grain, ranch produce and lumber.

One of Colonel Holhster's principal traits
was his kindness to the unfortunate. In him
the needy always had a friend. Many a suc-
cessful man owes his start in life to the Colonel's
kindness and timely aid. No one to whom he
was known but held him in the highest esteem,
and his death, August 6, 1886, was mourned as
a pubhc loss. One of those by whom he was
most deeply mourned was his friend, J. W.
Cooper. Between these two there had been a
Damon and Pythias afifection from the time they
first met, July i, 1861, at the Zaca rancho.
Many beautiful tributes were paid Colonel Hol-
lister by those who had been closely linked
10 him by ties of closest friendship, but none
was more heartfelt than the tribute given by Mr.
Cooper on one occasion, when several citizens
were speaking of what Colonel Hollister had
been to Santa Barbara and its people. For a
few moments he was silent, then said: "One
day Jehovah said to the angels ministering
about the Throne of Thrones: "This is Sunday
on earth, a hallowed day. I will use it by cre-
ating a grand object. I will make a good man."
Then all the angels applauded the words and
said: "Make him, Almighty Father, the perfect
man, and let us each add the best element of
ourselves.' And so, one by one, they brought
in turn truth, honesty, generosity, loyalty,
honor, integrity, industry, cheerfulness, unself-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

405

ishness, devotion and mercy, reserving to the
Son to add that most precious of all gifts, love
for one's fellow-man. Then God took these
gifts and all day long modeled and worked as
only Omnipotence can work, and in the evening
said to all who dwelt in heaven's courts: 'I
have done a good work. I have made a good
man. But I shall never make another, the in-
gredients are altogether too precious and scarce.
Now, ye angels, take this man to earth and
watch over him in all his career.' It was done,
and in this wav earth received Col. W. W.
IK.llister." '

(iEORGE 1". McLAIN. The name of George
1'. ;\IcLain has for many years been associated
with various lines of activity in Los Angeles,
and as one of the early settlers he has wisely
discerned and ministered to the needs of the
city of his adoption. Through his veins flows
the blood of a noble and patriotic ancestry, best
illustrated by the services of the paternal great-
grandfather, who was a commanding officer in
the war of the Revolution. The first settlers
bearing the name in America presumably cast
their lot with the Old Dominion state, for there
the grandfather, James, was born, in Fredericks-
Inirg, and like his father was a soldier, bearing
his part of the brunt in the war of i8i2, as a
sergeant. He was a planter and squire, or at-
torney, at Fredericksburg, where he spent his
entire life as a prominent member of the com-
nnniity. James S. McLain, the father of George
P., was born near Fredericksburg, and practiced
law in \'irginia, and afterwards in Chillicothe,
Ohio, where he was county judge. He later
settled in Peru, La Salle count\-, 111., where he
was justice of the peace, and after removing to
Duquoin, Perry county, 111., he continued to
practice law, and was judge of the county. He
was a man of forceful character and a recognized
broad influence in every locality where he
lived, and his death, at the age of sixty-eight
years, left a void not easily filled in the com-
munity. He was prominent in fraternal circles,
notably in the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows, and he was devoted to the interests of the
Republican party from Fremont's time.

On the maternal side also Mr. McLain is de-
scended from Revolutionary stock, for his
mother, formerly Sarah Graham Luckett, was
a granddaughter of Col. Noland Luckett, a
planter of A irginia. and a colonel under Wash-
ington during the struggle for colonial freedom.
His was an unfortunate fate, as he was captured
by the llritish and suffered long imprisonment
I'U the prison shi]) in New York harbor. Mrs.
McLain. who was born in Virginia, was a daugh-
ter of ( )tho Luckett. a native of Virginia, a
])lanter, and a brave soldier in the war of 1812.
-Mrs. McLain, wlm died in Los .\ngeles, was
ihe mother of nine chi]<Iren, two of whom served.

in the Civil war in an Illinois regiment, George
P. being the second youngest in the family and
ihe only one in California. Although born in
Fredericksburg, Va., August 26, 1847, George
P'. AIcLain was reared in Peru, 111., whither his
father had removed, and he also attended the
schools of Illinois, including the State Normal
at Bloomington. Flis youth was practically un-
eventful until the breaking out of the Civil war,
and in September of 1863 he enlisted in Com-
pany L, Sixteenth Illinois Cavalry, at Spring-
field, and saw service in Kentucky and Tennes-
see. After being mustered out, at Nashville,
Tenn., August 27, 1865, he returned to Illinois,
but had in the mean time formulated plans which
were to be carried out remote from his former
surroundings. In the spring of 1866 he start-
ed across the plains with four yoke of oxen from
St. Joe, freighting via the Platte river to Salt
Lake City and thence to Helena, Mont. After
spending the winter he returned to Salt Lake
City overland with horse teams, but again start-
ed overland through Nevada and Colorado, and
finally reached Prescott, Ariz., from where he
journeyed to Los Angeles, Cal., reaching this
city January 2, 1867.

As a means of livelihood in Los Angeles, }\Ir.
McLain engaged as a machinist for Perry &
Woodward, and at the end of three years be-
came foreman of the lumber mill of Griffith &
Lynch, a position maintained for twelve years.
He was then appointed engineer in charge of the
fire department of Los Angeles, and started the
first engine in Company i, the organization of
which was really due to Mr. McLain"s apprecia-
tion of its necessity, and his work to accomplish
the desired end. For several years he labored
faithfully to perfect the department, but when
the subject of money consideration changed the
character of the enterprise he withdrew his as-
sistance, believing that his services were best di-
rected to other channels. From then until the
present time he has turned his best efforts in the
direction of politics, and has upheld in no
casual manner the best interests of the Republi-
can party. Lender the administration of Sherifi:
A. T. Currier he served as deputy sheriff for
two years, after which he became associated
with Mr. Lehman as manager of the Grand
Opera House, now the Orpheum. In 1891, on
account of the death of his wife, he sold his in-
terest in the opera house, and had in the mean
time become interested in the bill posting busi-
ness, which he thenceforth continued as the City
I '.ill Posting Company.

In January of 1889 Mr. McLain was elected
councilman from the second ward, and held the
office of chairman of the finance committee for
one term. The cotmcil appointed him a mem-
ber of the board of fire commissioners for two
terms, or four years, and he was for one term
a member of the police commission. In 1900

HISTORICAL AND P.loGKArilTrAL RECORD.

lie was elected councilniaii from the second ward
by a good majority, and in January of 1901 took
the oath of office.' During his exemplary serv-
ice he has been chairman of the gas and light
committee, chairman of the supply committe-e.
member of the board of public works, and
member of the new water supply committee.
Interspersed through this public service has been
numerous attendance at state and county con-
ventions, in all of which Mr. McLain has repre-
sented his locality in a most intelligent and tact-
ful manner. He was a member of the executive
committee of the state central committee for one
term and of the executive committee of the
county committee. Fraternally Mr. jMcLain is
identified with the Benevolent Protective Order
of Elks, of which he was treasurer for thirteen
vears and re-elected in JMarch. 1902. He is also
connected with the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows, which he joined in Los Angeles, and
the Independent Order of Foresters. He is a
member of the Soldiers and Sailors" Republican
League, the California Chapter, Sons of the
Revolution, and the Los Angeles Pioneers^ For
many years he was a director in the Union
League Club, and is prominent in the work of
St. Paul's Episcopal Church.

In Los Angeles Mr. McLain married Guada-
lupie Billderain. who was born in Los Angeles,
a daughter of Don Refugia Billderain, a native
of Spain, and an early settler in Mexico. Mrs.
McLain, who died in Los Angeles in 1891, was
the mother of two children, George B. and
Olympia Byrd. Mr. McLain is a man of large
impulse and great common sense, and his serv-
ices in the interests of Los .\ngeles are of a
nature to be forever connected with its greatest
|)rospcrity.

HON. HENRY C. WEYSE. The name of
Weyse is connected with the early history of
Los Angeles, the founder of the family in this
citv having been Julius G. Weyse, a native of
the city of Schleiz Reuss, Germany, and a de-
scendant of an old Saxon family whose history
is traced back to the Thirty Years' war. His
father. Judge George G. Weyse, was an eminent
jurist and acted as privy counsel to the count,
besides representing his principality in all the
negotiations during and occasioned by the Na-
iwleonic wars. The pressure of professional
cares and anxieties proved too great a strain
for him, and overwork caused his death.

The natural gifts of Julius (;. Weyse were
trained and broadened by his thorough educa-
tion, covering almost fifteen years in colleges
and universities in his native land. Through
this training under the best educators of Ger-
many he acciuired a ri])eness of thought as un-
usual as it was interesting. .\ gift of poetic
Imagery had been .me nf lii> en<l(n\ incuts, and
in the 'cxpres>ii)n tn )ie;iiititul thi.uiihts in ap-

propriate verse he won the applause of his
teachers. During youth he had no intention
of leaving his home land, but the part he took
in the republican movement for the re-estab-
lishment of the German empire rendered his
contituiance there unsafe, and so he crossed
the ocean to America about 1836. After visit-
ing various cities in the east, and being made a
Mason in Cincinnati, he engaged in educational
work at Jefiferson City, Mo. Meanwhile his
thoughts ever turned fondly toward his native
shores, and in 1846 he returned, in time to take
part in the revolution of two \ears later. Again
the cause to which he was attached met with de-
feat and again he was obliged to leave the coun-
try.

'With others, in October of 1850 Julius G.
Weyse engaged the barque McDowd, which
rounded Cape Horn and anchored in San P'ran-
cisco in March, 185 1. For a time he mined in
Tuolumne county, later engaged in the newspa-
per business in San P'rancisco. As early as 1852
he came as far south as San Bernardino, and
four years later he settled in Los Angeles,
where he bought twenty acres (now the corner
of San Pedro and Eighth streets). This prop-
erty he set out in a vineyard, and on it he made
his home until he died in 1863. Much of his
time during his last years was given to develop-
ing the grape industry in Southern California,
and he was particularly interested in the found-
ing and developing of Anaheim. He was also
an organizer of the Los Angeles \'ineyard Com-
pany. While in jMissouri he ser\'ed as captain of
a company in the state militia.

The marriage of Julius G. Weyse united him
with Caroline A. Lange, who was born at Apen-
rade, Schleswig-Holstein, and came to San
l->ancisco in 1855. Her death occurred at the
Los Angeles homestead in 1887. Three sons
were born of this union, the eldest of whom,
(hto, a merchant, died in San Francisco in 1893.
The second son, Rudolph G., was born in Los
.\ngeles in 1860, and for years has been a busi-
ness man of this city. October 25, 1890, he
married .\da Frances I'arrows, a daughter of
H. D. I'arrows by his marriage to ^Irs. Mary
-Mice Workman. The third son, Henry Guen-
tlier Weyse, was born at the Los Angeles home-
stead in 1863, and, with his brothers, was sent
to Gera, Ciermany, to be educated. Afterward
he entered Harvard College, from which he was
graduated in 1888. with the degree of LL, B.
.Since then he has been engaged in the practice
(if law at Los .\ngeles, having his office in the
Temjile block, while he makes his home at
Santa Monica by the .sea. (knober 2. 1888. he
was united in marriage with .Mice Wolfskill
Piarrows, daughter of H. D. Barrows by
his marriage t<> luanita Wolfskill, daughter
.,f thai wdl-Un.nui iiinne.-r. William Wolfs-
kill. one (if the verv first .\inericaiis to set-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

409

tic ill Los Angeles, having arrived here in Feb-
ruary, 1831. The only child of Mr. and Mrs.
W'eyse is a daughter, Mary Alice.

The abilities of J\lr. Weyse were recognized in
his election, in 1894, as representative of the
seventieth legislative district in the state legis-
lative assembly, where he served during the ses-
sion of 1895.' Since then he has given his at-
tention unreservedly to professional work, in
which, through his thorough knowledge of the
German language, he is especially qualified to
render satisfactory service in behalf of clients
of that nationality; while at the same time his
splendid English education and comprehensive
study of the law enable him to master the in-
tricacies of all cases that are submitted to his
judgment and placed under his control.

J. C. BAIXBRIDGE, M. D. In a very early
day the Bainbridge family came from England
and settled in Mrginia, where occurred the birth
of Dr. Bainbridge's great-grandfather, a private
soldier in the Revolution and a major in the
war of 1812. He had a brother. Commodore
William Bainbridge, who was one of the most
conspicuous figures in the naval circles of Amer-
ica during the early part of the nineteenth cen-
tury. The Doctor's grandfather, E. B., was born
near Lexington, Ky., in 1804, and in young
manliood removed to Wisconsin, but later
settled in St. Louis, Mo., and finally returned
to spend his last days at Lexington near the
scenes of his childhood. His son. Dr. J. A. Bain-
Ijridge, was born in Wisconsin and in i860 grad-
uated from the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Col-
lege, after which he practiced in Troy, Mo., later
going to St. Louis. In 1874 he removed to
Stockton, Cal., where he conducted professional
work some years. .At this writing he is a physi-
cian in Lathrop and also owns a large grain
ranch near tliat place. Fraternally he is a
Mason.

The marriage of Dr. J. A. Bainliridge united
him with Mary E. Herold, who was born in Mis-
souri and died in California in 1885. Her father,
Thomas Herold, a native of Wurtemberg, Ger-
many, and a graduate in medicine from the Uni-
versity of Wurtemberg, engaged in practice in
New Orleans, La., but after a time 1)ecame in-
terested in business pursuits and for years was
extensively engaged in the manufacture of to-
bacco. Witli his sons, he started the tobacco
factory that is now owned by Drummond &
Co., and John Drummond, of this firm, was once
employed by W. G. Herold & Co. Besides his
other interests. Dr. Herold owned considerable
farm i)roperty and had boats on the ^Mississippi.
He died on one of his farms in Lincoln county.
Mo. In tlie family of Dr. J. .V. Bainbridge were
live sons and five daughters, of whom four sons
and four daughters attained maturity. Throe ul
the daughters are married. The oldest sim,

E. D., resides on a ranch in San Joaquin county;

B. M. is principal of the Lathrop school; and

C. E., a graduate of the California Medical Col-
lege and of the New ^'ork roh'clinic, is now a
])hysician in Sacramento, Cal.

The third in the family in order of birth was
J. C. Bainbridge, who was born near St. Louis.
Mo., November 23, 1862. His education was
conducted in the ]:)ublic schools of Lincoln
county, Mo., and the high school of Stockton,
Cal., from which he was graduated in 1878. The
following year he completed the course in the
.Stockton Business College and Normal School.
In this institution he remained as professor of
mathematics, meantime studying medicine
under his father. In 1883 he entered the Cali-
fornia Medical College of San Francisco, from
which he received the degree of M. D. in 1886.
The three ensuing years were spent as principal
of a school in Sacramento. From 1889 to 1891
he traveled in England, Scotland and other Eu-
ropean countries, also visited Buenos Ayres and
Chile in South America, returning- to San Fran-
cisco via New Orleans. Soon afterward he
went to Australia, this trip being undertaken for
his health, as was also the preceding. From
Australia he went to Yokohama via Honolulu,
and later sailed on the steamer Queen for
Alaska. On the return trip he spent six months
in British Columbia.

( )n his return to San I'Vancisco he became
superintendent of instruction at Heald's Busi-
ness College, where he remained from 189 1
until January, 1894. He resigned to re-enter
the California Medical College and later studied
for almost a year in the New York Polyclinic,
taking a special course in diseases of the
eye, ear, nose and throat. He then began the
practice of medicine in San Francisco. From
1894 until 1899 he liad charge of the eye and
ear clinic in the California Medical College,
holding the position until, hoping that the
change of climate would benefit his wife's
health, he came to Santa Barbara, since which
time he has acquired an extensive practice. One
of the special attractions of his office is an X-ray
machine, which is the only instrument of the
kind in Santa Barbara. He also has special ap-
paratus for eye, ear, nose and throat work. In
addition to his private practice, he is physician
for the two local courts of Foresters of .\merica.
surgeon for the Native Sons and also the Native
Daughters of the Golden West, examining phy-
.sician for the Woodmen of the World, the Fra-
ternal Brotherhood, United Moderns and
Knights of Pythias, I'niform Rank, in which
various organizations he is a member. For four
\ears he was secretary of the Eclectic Medical
Society of California, and is still connected with
ihe San Francisco County .Society of Physicians
and Surgeons. \'arions articles have appeared
over his signature in prominent medical jour-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGR VI'H UAL R1-.C( )Rl

iials, and a number uf these have been copied
by professional papers in \'ienna and Berlin,
where tlie theories advanced and the conclusions
proved have attracted attention from specialists
of world-wide fame. Since coming to Santa
Barbara he has been initiated into Masonry
and is now a member of the local blue lodge
and chapter. He is also associated with the
Knights of Pythias here and the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows in San Francisco. In pol-
itics he favors Democratic principles.

During his residence in San Francisco Dr.
Bainbridge married Miss Dora A. Waters, who
was born" in California, and is a member of Alta
Parlor, Native Daughters of the Golden West.
The two children born of this union are de-
ceased. Dr. and Mrs. Bainbridge are connected
with the Episcopal Church and contribute to re-
ligious and philanthropic movements. The
father of ]\Irs. Bainbridge, Abraham Waters,
was born in England and accompanied his par-
ents to the United States, settling in .Richmond,
111., where he grew to maturity. In early man-
hood he came to California and here followed
the occupation of mineral expert until his death,
Ijy drowning, at the age of forty-seven years.
In this state he married Susan Pedler, who was
born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and now resides
in San Francisco.

HON. JOHN S. COLLINS. At the time of
its establishment in 1887 the banking establish-
ment of William Collins & Sons was not only
one of the most imposing buildings in Ventura
county, but the volume of business conducted
behind its doors was proof of its substantial
standing in the financial world of California. It
had a paid-up capital of $100,000 all owned by
the firm, the officers of the institution being
William Collins, president; D. E. ColHns, vice-
]iresidcnt; and J. S. Collins, cashier. The rise
of this solid commercial undertaking was the
signal for an era of uninterrupted prosperity,
and at the present time they do the largest
banking business in Ventura county. William
Collins, the original president of the company,
was one of the sterling pioneers of California,
and his death in 1894 removed a man well
known for his fine personal attributes, and of
prominence because of his ability as a land-
scape gardener. He was born in Perthshire,
Scotland, his father being also a native of that
.shire, and an agriculturist by occu])ation. In
his youth he learne<l the art of landscape gar-
dening, and was thus employed in his native
land for a number of years. In 1855 he brought
his family to Illinois, and at Nasliville, Wash-
ington county, bought a claim in the forest
which he partially im|)rovcd. but eventually
again turned his attentimi tn gardening. In
ikfo he located in Carth;i;;c. Mm', l,ut wli'c-n llic
war devastated liu- l.-md lie l>)-l all tliat he had.

and in 1864 made arrangements to cross the
plains to California. Himself and family were
among thirty others who started out with ox
and mule teams, taking the route through
Omaha, Idaho, Washington and Oregon, their
course made memorable by the dangers of In-
dian attack on the North Platte river.

After a year's residence in Salem, Ore., they
located in Oakland, Cal.. where Mr. Collins had
the management of the garden arrangement of
Mount \'iew cemetery, and also became super-
intendent of the park of two hundred acres.
He creditably maintained his responsible posi-
tions for twenty-five years, until the time of his
death. He w^as superintendent of and owned
a half interest in the Amador marble works, with
cjuarries at Amador and Rockland. He was a
Master Mason and a Republican, and was chair-
man of the Republican committee of Alameda
county. He married Isabelle ^Valker, who was
born in Montrose, Scotland, and died in Oak-
land in 1876. There were three sons and one
daughter in the family, of whom J. S. is the
oldest. The daughter, Mrs. Kate I^'lint, is a res-
ident of \'entura; D. E. is president of the Cali-
fornia Bank of Oakland, and William died at the
age of seventeen, in Ventura.

John S. Collins was born in Perthshire, Scot-
land, May 21, 1849, and was educated in the
public schools of Iowa and California, and
studied at the California Military Academy, in
( )akland. He then entered the University of
California and remained until the junior year,
when he quit to engage in business, having been
elected secretary of the Alount View cemetery,
and treasurer of the Amador Marble Company.
In 1868 he purchased five hundred and twenty
acres of land in \'entura county at $14 an acre,
and sold the same after twenty years for $105
per acre. In 1882 he came to \'entura for the
second time and became a member of the lum-
ber firm of Saxby & Collins, and upon the death
of Mr. Saxby entered the Bank of Ventura, of
which he was a stockholder, and occupied the
position of teller. Correctly anticipating the
need of another bank in the town, in 1887 he es-
iablished the bank of William Collins & Sons,
of which he was cashier. From then until the
l^resent time he has been a prominent factor in
ihe development of Ventura, his generosity in
promoting all worthy causes, his financial and
executive ability, his .genial personalitv and ca-
pacity for making and retaining friends, having
gained for him an enviable jjopularitv. the foun-
dation of which is embedded in the honest re-
gard of the comnnmitv.

In 1887 .Mr. Collin's was elected to the city
council, of which he has since been president,
and under his capable administration have been
effected the most important improvements.
Water bonds have been voted and sold, but the
abstract title is not \et clear; there is a paid fire

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

41:5

department. In 1899 was erected the Collins &
Taylor block, than which there is no finer in
Ventura county, the dimensions being 50x100
feet, and the material used in construction being
pressed brick and granite from the quarries at
Rockland. Mr. Collins and his brother, D. E.,
are still interested in the marble quarries at
Amador, and the granite quarries at Rockland.
He was made a Alason in Oakland, Cal., and is
now affiliated with the Ventura Lodge, No. 214,
and with the Chapter and Commandery. In
politics a Republican, he is a member of the
county central committee, and ex-member of the
state central committee. He is a member of the
l^oard of trade, president of the Caledonian Club
and president of the Street Fair Association.

After coming to Ventura ]\Ir. Collins married
Belle Gerry, who was born in Indiana. Of this
union there is one child, Belle, who is a gradu-
ate of the high school and the wife of Rev. W.
G. Mills, of Hueneme. The pleasant home of
Mr. Collins is on Poli street.

ULPL\NO F. DEL VALLE. The famous
Camulos rancho in Ventura is the present home
and property of Mr. del Valle, who was born
March 2, 1865, in the house where he now re-
sides. The family of which he is a member has
a distinctive position among the Spanish aris-
tocracy of California, where it was founded by
his grandfather, Antonio del Valle, during the
early portion of the nineteenth century. Janu-
ary 22, 1839, Rancho San Francisco was granted
to him, containing about eleven thousand five
hundred acres of grazing land and three thou-
sand acres of tillable land, the larger part being
in Ventura county, although a small portion
lay in Los Angeles county. The property now
belongs mostly to the estate of H. M. Newhall,
of San Francisco. Besides the San Francisco
rancho (and at that time included in the same),
Antonio del Valle secured the Camulos rancho,
a fertile tract of two thousand acres, forty-seven
miles northwest of Los Angeles, and in the east-
ern portion of Ventura county. Upon his death
a portion of the estate passed into the hands
of his son, Ygnacio, who had come from Mexico
in 1825, and who, on acquiring the Camulos,
took his family to reside thereon in 1861. From
ihat time improvements have been constantly
made, but the picturesque and romantic features
of the rancho have been preserved. There oc-
curred the death of the then owner, in March,
1880. .\mong his five children was Ulpiano F.,
whose boyhood days were spent on the home
ranch and in schools in Los Angeles and San
Jose. After completing his education he clerked
for two years in a dr\'-goods store in Los An-
geles, but in 1886 took charge of the estate as
manager, himself and brother, R. F. del Valle,
an attorney of Los Angeles, being the principal
owners. In 1899 he purchased his brother's

interest and has since that time been sole pro-
prietor of the estate.

Camulos rancho is a beautiful place. The
original reservation has been improved until it
is now one of the most productive properties
in Ventura county. When the traveler enters
the head of the Santa Clara valley, Camulos
quickly comes into view. It is situated about
two miles above Piru City, and thirty-six miles
from the county seat. In altitude it is seven
hundred and thirty-three feet above the sea
level. There is a postoffice on the ranch and a
shipping station for the transportation of prod-
uce. The country extending for miles along the
Santa Clara river presents a scene of wonderful
beaut}-, full of romantic interest. The family
residence, a substantial and spacious adobe
house, is almost hidden from view by foliage
of tropical lu.xuriance. Near by is a private
chapel, which is a place of especial interest to
visitors. Designed for family prayers, in it a
lamp has been kept burning for twenty-six years,
and in all that time has never been allowed to
be extinguished even for an instant.

The oldest water right and richest soil in the
valley are to be found at Camulos. Farming is
carried on with irrigation, and in that way val-
uable products are harvested. Large quantities
of citrus and deciduous fruits of the highest
grade are here produced, also almonds and
general farming products. A noticeable adjunct
is a drying room for drying fruits, also exten-
sive fruit yards and a sulphur room. Poultry
also claims some attention, and there is a flock
of forty peacocks, which are not only beautiful
but profitable as well. On the ranch is a black
walnut tree beneath whose shade one hundred
workers can sit at the tables, cutting and paring
the fruit. To the world Camulos is best known
as the home of the heroine in Helen Hunt Jack-
son's famous work, "Ramona." Subsequent to
the publication of this work, visitors at once
began to throng to the rancho, to the amaze-
ment of the owners, who had yet to learn of the
wonderful interest the romance had awakened.

Politically Mr. del Valle is a Democrat and
active in his party, which he has represented
as a delegate to county and state conventions
and as a member of the county central commit-
tee. Besides all of his other activities, he has
been interested in the breeding of blooded
horses, principally running stock, but he ha?
now relinquished that industry for the raising
of fine mules for the market, which work he
intends hereafter to make a leading feature of
his ranch industry. He is also in the hog raising
business and sends to the markets an average
of six carloads a year. In spite of the many line?
in which he i? interested and the many enter-
prises to which he must devote attention, each
department receives personal oversight, and a
careful supervision is maint.nined over all.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

I'ALL CHARLEBOIS. The excellent judg-
nu-iU, common sense and executive ability of
Mr. Charlebois have not only won for him a
substantial place among the business men of
Ventura, but have also elicited well merited rec-
ognition as a politician. It is doubtful if any-
one could more conscientiously avail himself of
opportunities to advance the public welfare than
has been forcibly demonstrated during the va-
rious administrations of this honored citizen,
who is now serving his second term of four
vcars each as sheriff of \'enlura county.

Of French descent, Mr. Charlebois was born
in Montreal, Canada, December 8, 1855, his
grandfather, Joseph, having been brought as a
child from the mother country by his parents.
The father, also named Paul, was born in the
uncultivated regions of the dominion, and dur-
ing his long life as a farmer never left the scene
of his birth, where occurred his death at the age
of seventy-two years. He married Emily Le-
gault, a native of Canada, whose father was a
French Canadian. While yet a youth of tender
years Paul Charlebois, the younger, lost his
mother by death, and when twelve years old
began to be practically independent of his fath-
er's support. At Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence
county, N. Y., he found employment in a mer-
cantile establishment as errand boy, and re-
mained with the same firm for nearly eight
years. He also during his stay in Xew YoHc
went on the lakes as freight clerk,' and in this
capacity visited BufTalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Mil-
waukee and Chicago. In 1869 he departed for
California via the Panama route,, and after ar-
riving in San Francisco held a position as clerk
in a dry-goods house for two years. Upon re-
moving to Ventura he became identified with
the firm of Einstein & Bernheim, and for nearly
fifteen years had charge of their hardware and
grocery department. He next entered the em-
ploy of Leach & Hunt at Ventura, and after
nine months bought out the firm. He contin-
ued to deal in hardware, tinware, stoves and
farm implements until August of 1900, when he
disposed of his interests to other parties.

In the fall of 1900 Mr. Charlebois became in-
terested in stockraising, and now has five hun-
dred head of cattle, himself and wife owning
about six hundred acres of ranch land. He has
a fine home on Chestnut street, and also owns
a thirty-acre fruit ranch on the Santa Ana
rancho, twelve miles from Ventura, where apri-
cots and prunes are raised.

The political career of Mr. Charlebois began
in 1878, when he was elected chairman of the
town board and served in this capacity for four
years. In 1888 he was elected county treasurer
for four years, and in 1894 was elected sheriff,
being re-elected after the expiration of his first
term of four years. It is needless to say that
his administration has met with the approval

of those who are best capable of judging of his
fitness for the position, and that he has showed
an unusual amount of tact, good management
and ability to reconcile antagonistic elements.
He is variously interested in affairs of the town
remote from his business or political interests.
Prominent in fraternal circles, he has passed all
of the chairs of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows, and has been district ileput\- for four
years and treasurer of the lodge for sixteen
vears. He is also a member of Santa Barbara
Lodge, Xo. 613, B. P. O. E.

In 1875 Mr. Charlebois married Agnes A)ers.
who was born in Illinois, and came across the
plains v'itli her parents and ox-teams when a
small child. Her father was a pioneer of Ven-
tura county, and both parents died in the state
of their later adoption. The four daughters
comprising the family were born in \'entura,
and here received their education in the public
schools. Tliey are: Blanche, Celia. Emma and
Florence.

CAPT. A. W. BROWNE. In these days of
anxiety to secure official recognition and of mis-
used confidence in furtherance of personal gain,
it is refreshing to know of one who has so util-
ized the trust imposed in him as to stand in the
white light of publicity with an untarnished
record. It is therefore a matter of pride with
his fellow-townsmen that Captain Browne has
not only advanced his own credit but also that
of the community which, as a public officer for
many years and at present county auditor and
recorder, he so conscientiously guards. In th.e
history of X'entura it is doubtful if any occup\ -
ing the high places within the gift of the people
have heard so few dissenting voices raised
against their administration.

A resident of Ventura since 1875, Captain
Browne came here from Philadelphia, Pa.,
where he was born February 9, 1852. In for-
mulating his plans for the future his early as-
pirations were broadened by the admiration
which he entertained for his father, N. B.
Browne, who was born in Reading, Pa., in 1818,
and eventuall}- became identified with the high-
est professional, governmental, commercial and
political life of the Quaker city. A profound
exponent of the law, he rapidly arose to ])osts
justified by his administrative ability, and held
positions recjuiring the most exemplary honor
and tactful management. He represented his
district in the legislature, and under the presi-
dential administration of Abraham Lincoln was
postmaster of I'hiladelphia, and assi.stant sub-
treasurer. .After the war he was one of the.
foremost organizers of the h'idelity Insurance
Trust and Safety Deposit Company of Philadel-
phia, the second comjiany of the kind ever in-
cori)orated, and of which he was the first presi-
dent, holding the position until his death in

HISTORICAL .\ND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

41,1

T876. He was president of the L'nion League
Club of Philadelphia, and president of the Fair- ■
mount Park Commission for many years, and it
was during his term of office that they acquired
tlic large tract of land south of the river on
Cicorgc's Hill. He came of an old Pennsylvania
family who were Democratic in their political
affiliations, but with the breaking out of the
Civil war he departed from long cherished tra-
ditions and became a strong Union man. Fra-
ternally he was a Mason. When a young man
he married ^lary Jane Kendall, who was of
English descent and born in Reading, Pa. Mrs.
13ro\vne, who died in Philadelphia when her
third child, A. W.. was four years of age, was
the mother of four children, all of whom at-
tained to maturity.

Captain Browne was educated at Sanders In-
stitute, a military school in Philadelphia, and at
Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Alass. His
first efifort at earning a livelihood was with the
l-'idelity Insurance Trust and Safety Deposit
Company, with which he remained for five vears,
and during that time rose from the position of
errand boy to that of receiving teller. This po-
sition was resigned in the fall of 1873, and the
same year he came to Ventura county and
bought sheep from Senator Bard, and engaged
in the sheep industry in partnership with Levi
Taylor, under the firm name of Browne & Tay-
lor. At times they owned fifteen thousand head,
divided into flocks of two thousand each. After
disposing of his sheep in 1883, Mr. Browne pur-
chased a ranch of five thousand acres on the ex-
mission grant, and engaged in the cattle busi-
ness until 1887, after which for a year he man-
aged the -Anacapa hotel in \'entura, in partner-
.•■hip with Mr. Wagner, the firm name being-
Wagner & Browne.

The political career of Air. Browne began in
1 888, when he was elected county supervisor of
the first district, from the duti'es of which he
resigned to accept a position in the office of the
county recorder. In 1888 he became deputy
county recorder and auditor, and in April of
1892 was appointed recorder to succeed Re-
corder Jevvett, resigned. At the next election,
in 1892, he was elected county auditor and re-
corder for a two years' term, and in 1894 was
elected for a four years' term by a large ma-
jority. In 1898 he was elected w'ithout "o|)posi-
tion, and endorsed by both Democrats and Pop-
ulists, his term to extend until January of 1903.

When the National Guard o"f California was
formed, in 1892, Mr. Browne became second
lieutenant of Company E, Seventh Infantrv, \'.
G. C.. and was later raised to the rank of first
Teutenant. .\t the end of five years, when the
compan\ was reorganized and changed to Com-
pany H, he became its captain. During the
Spanish-.\merican war lie served from May un-
til December of 1898 as captain of Company

H, Seventh California L'nited States Infantry,
under command of Colonel Berry, and after the
war retired from the National Guard, after nine
years of loyal service. He is well known in fra-
ternal circles, and is associated with tlie Benevo-
lent Protective Order of Elks, at Santa Bar-
bara; the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in
\ entura, and the encampment, being captain of
the canton and patriarch militant: the Ancient
Order of United Workmen, and also the Inde-
pendent Order of Foresters. He owns a farni
of four hundred acres, called the Tierra Rajada
Rancho, where general farming and grain rais-
ing are conducted. His residence is located on
\'entura avenue, ^'entura.

Captain Browne married Miss Xeotia Rice,
a native of Yuba county, and daughter of
Peter Rice, of Mansfield, Ohio. Peter Rice
came to California during the gold craze, and
mined for several years, following which he be-
came a toll road builder in the mountains. He
later engaged in farming in Ventura county,
where his death occurred. To Captain and
Mrs. Browne have been born six children, viz.:
Albert O. B., who is junior member of the firm
of Lane & Browne, in \'entura: \'aleria O., who
is a member of the junior class at the high
school; Nathaniel B., who is a sophomore in the
high school; S. Harry, Mary K. and Ruth E.

REV. SHERLOCK BRISTOL was born at
Cheshire, Conn., June 5, 1815. Gideon Bris-
tol, his father, was a native of Connecticut, as
was also the grandfather, who bore the same
name. The latter was a soldier in the Revolu-
tionary war, spending six years in the colonial
army and being one of the company chosen to
receive the British arms at the final surrender at
Yorktown. This company was composed of
large men. His ancestors were of English ex-
traction and were pioneers in the Comiecticut
colony, one of the family being a prominent
judge in New Haven. Our subject was born on
the same farm as were his father, grandfather
and great-grandfather, the land being originally
taken by his great-great-grandfather, a native
of England. His early life was passed on the
homestead, and in the common schools he re-
ceived his primary education. At the age of
sixteen years he attended the Episcopal Acad-
emy, and took so nuich interest in educational
jiursuits that his part of his father's estate was
devoted to his education, lie supporting himself
meanwhile. In 1835 he graduated from Phillips
.Academy, Andover, Mass., in 1839 from Oberlin
College, and from the Theological .Seminary in
1842, teaching meanwhile to sup])ort himself.

In 1841 Mr. l>rist(5l was ordained as a min-
ister at Mansfield, Ohio. I'or some time be-
fore his graduation he engaged in evangelistic
work, and soon after graduating he accepted a
call to Franklin. Ohio! In 1845 he resigned to

416

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

accept the appointment as financial agent of
Oberlin College. Largely through his earnest
efforts the college was again placed on a firm
financial basis. In 1848 he resigned this posi-
tion to accept a call to the Second Congrega-
tional Church at Fitchburg, Mass., and there
remained until 1850, when he was called to the
pastorate of Sullivan Street Congregational
Church in New York City. At this place he
only remained one year, on account of ill health.
After a few weeks of rest he received a call from
the Free Church of Andover, Mass., which con-
gregation he organized in 1846, and which is now
one of the largest of that place. After one year's
earnest work at that place, his health again fail-
ing him and his physician advising him to give
up his profession, he came to California in 1852.
The first year of his sojourn here he devoted
to hard labor in the mines, and in this way
recovered his health. With renewed strength
the longing for his work came upon him, and
he returned to the east about 1853 and bought
a farm near Green Lake, Wis., and while work-
ing this farm organized churches at the follow-
ing places: Dartford, Green Lake and Bran-
don. For about ten years he served as pastor
of these three churches, preaching three times
each Sunday, and doing evangelistic work dur-
ing the winter.

In 1862 Mr. Bristol was again obliged to give
up preaching on account of his health. A com-
pany of emigrants and prospectors being formed
about this time to go to Oregon, he concluded
to join them, and they made him the captain of
the company. On account of the great danger
from Indian outbreaks to travelers across the
plains, this company consolidated with several
others, and he was unanimously chosen as cap-
tain of the consolidated companies. For six
weary months they toiled across the plains, and
at last safely arrived at Auburn, Ore., about
September i, 1862, having left Ripon, Wis., in
March of that year. While stopping for a short
time at that place the news of the great discov-
eries of gold in Idaho reached them, and with
many others they at once started for the gold
fields. Idaho City was their next stopping
place, where for six months they worked in the
mines. In the fall of 1863 he went into the
Boise Valley, among the Indians, leading a few
men, and took up land, soon after founding
Boise City, now the capital of Idaho, which was
located on his land, and of which he was tlie
])rincipal owner. Many of the streets of Boise
City were named by him. A company of United
States Cavalry, under Colonel ]\Iorey, was sent
out in 1864 to build a fort within fifty miles of
the mouth of the Boise, and in consequence
of his services they exempted from their claims
the farm on which he Iiad located, and built the
fort adjoining same.

At the close of 1864. his health being fully

restored, Mr. Bristol abandoned the frontier
and returned to his chosen profession in Wis-
consin, where he labored for two years, when
he was again compehed to resign his labors, on
account of his health. In the fall of 1867 he
came to Cahfornia via the isthmus, and from
San Francisco soon made his way to the Santa
Clara valley. In the spring of 1868 he bought
two hundred acres on the bank of the river, a
portion of the Santa Paula y Saticoy rancho, and
since that time has devoted his attention to
farming. The next Sunday after arriving at his
new home he held a meeting in Ventura among
the settlers, and later built the Congregational
Church of Ventura, of which he was the pastor.
He has done much to build up the churches of
the community. The governor of the state ap-
pointed him as one of a committee of five to
separate Ventura county from Santa Barbara in
1873, and he served as chairman of this com-
mittee, organizing the county and putting it
in good condition. He has now practically re-
tired from public life, but still officiates at many
funerals and marriages, and is one of the most
regular attendants at the Saticoy Congrega-
tional Church, where he has taught a Bible
class for twenty-five years. In temperance work
he has been and still is very active. During the
temperance campaign of 1901 he wrote a col-
umn article for eight weeks in succession for
the Ventura Free Press, and paid for one hun-
dred copies each week to be sent to those who
were not subscribers to the paper.

In addition to his many duties, Mr. Bristol
has also been engaged as an author. He has
written a volume of three hundred and thirty-
six pages, giving his experience as a pioneer
preacher on the frontier. This book is still in
circulation and is in its third edition. In 1892
he published a book, "Paracletus."' or "The
Baptism of the Holy Spirit." He has also writ-
ten extensively for current journals and agricul-
tural papers, and is well known as a writer on
spiritual subjects. In addition to this, he has
a list of seventy-five regular correspondents, al-
most all of wiiom are personal friends. His
family consists of four sons and two daughters.
The forty acres which now comprise all that is
left of the arable land of the old rancho (the rest
having been washed away) are principally de-
voted to the culture of lima beans. The ranch
is well improved and makes a pleasant home.

FRANK P. BARROWS. In the whole range
of commercial enterprise no interest is of more
importance than that which has to do with the
sale of general merchandise, and it is in this
connection that Frank P. Barrows is best
known. .'\ resident of Nordhoff since 1879. hi*
coming here was at the suggestion of physi-
cians who hoped that a change of surroundings
would improve his somewhat impaired health.

^^-TfOi^^ /^'. D-T^-^^^-t^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

419

His plans proved to be wisely conceived, and
resulted in complete restoration, so that in 1886
he started the mercantile enterprise since so
successfully handled.

A native of Massachusetts, Mr. Barrows was
born in 1850, a son of J. F. and Hannah (Cottle)
Barrows, natives of Massachusetts. The ances-
try on the maternal side had for generations
lived at Martha's Vineyard, near Boston, Mass.,
and in days gone by were prominent in the his-
torical events developed in and around Boston.
Mrs. Barrows, who is living with her son Frank
P., is eighty-four years of age, and is the mother
of five sons and three daughters, all of whom
attained maturity, but only two now survive.
The other living son, J. Lloyd, is engaged in the
commission business at Santa Barbara. Frank
P. Barrows received his education at Martha's
Vineyard, and graduated from the high school.
In 1866 the family removed to Chicago, 111.,
where father and sons were engaged in the gen-
eral merchandise business on East Washington
street. The devastating fire of 1871 completely
wiped out their business, but they continued to
remain in the lake city, and after a short time
made enough to repay all debts. Although re-
cuperated financially, the health of the family
was incapacitated by the strain of their losses
and consequent later application to business,
and one by one they came to California, a son,
Thomas Barrows, and family, arriving in 1875.
One brother especially was greatly benefited by
the change, but died three years ago in Clare-
mont. Thomas Barrows, who came to Califor-
nia with Frank P., has a son, David P., who
often visits his uncle, and of whom the latter is
very proud. A graduate of Pomona college, he
was one of the first students to enter that insti-
tution of learning, his father being one of the
trustees. After graduating from Pomona he
also finished the course at the state university
in Berkeley, Cal.. and Columbia college. New
York, and is reaping the reward of his learning
as superintendent of public instruction in Ma-
nila. This position was secured because of his
special erudition as a student of natural history,
which chair had been filled by him at Berkeley
and by which institution he was sent out on his
present mission. He is also a member of the
Philippine commission.

In San Francisco in 1881 Mr. Barrows mar-
ried Julia E. Smith, daughter of S. S. Smith,
a pioneer and successful retired merchant of San
Francisco. He was born in Connecticut, and
married Josephine Childs, also a native of that
state. Mrs. Barrows died in September of 1900,
and left three sons, viz.: Albert, Stephen and
Evert, aged respectively eighteen, fifteen and
twelve years, and all preparing for entrance to
Pomona college, at the Thatcher school, estab-
lished at Nordhofl about ten years ago by E. S.
Thatcher. Since he first voted for Abraham

Lincoln, Mr. Barrows has voted for all the Re-
pubhcan presidents, and is a stanch adherent of
his party. Formerly a Congregationalist, he is
now a member of the Presbyterian church, the
latter having been combined with the Congre-
gational, of which he was Sunday-school super-
intendent for fifteen years.

DUNCAN McDonald. As indicated by
his name, Mr. McDonald is of a Scotch family.
He was born in Glasgow, February 13, 1848, a
son of Hugh and Catherine (Cameron) McDon-
ald. His paternal grandfather, Hector McDon-
ald (or Macdonald, as the name was then
spelled), was a large sheep-raiser on the island
of Mull, shire of Inverness, Scotland, and there
Hugh was born and reared, removing thence
to Glasgow, where he was employed as a fire-
man on the Caledonia Railroad, and at the age
of twenty-seven years was already a successful
and efficient engineer. About that time, how-
ever, he contracted a cold which brought on a
fatal illness. His wife, who was born at Dum-
barton Castle, Scotland, and now resides in Nor-
folk, England, was a daughter of Major John
Cameron, a native of the highlands of Scotland,
and for years regimental sergeant major of the
Seventy-eighth Highlanders, stationed at Dum-
barton Castle. After his retirement from the
army he conducted a hotel at Bromalow on the
Clyde, remaining there until he died. One of
his sons, Duncan Cameron, became a large and
.successful printer in Glasgow, while his two
brothers, also members of the Highlanders, in
the Seventy-ninth Regiment, served through the
Napoleonic war, from 1812 to 1815.

After ,the death of Hugh McDonald, his
widow was married to Joseph Gray, an engineer
on the Caledonia Railroad. Three children were
born of her first marriage and five of her second
union, the former being John, Jane and Duncan.
Jane married and died in Scotland. John, a
mechanical engineer, was employed for twenty-
seven years by the Japanese government, rising
from foreman to superintendent of motive
power on the government railroad. Though
now practically retired and in receipt of a pen-
sion from the government, he still acts as con-
sulting engineer for Japanese railroads, as a
member of the firm of McDonald & Crowley, of
London. Twice the i\Iikado has honored him
with decorations, these being the Order of the
Rising Sun and the Order of the Mirror.

When his father died, Duncan McDonald was
only six months old. At the age of five years he
was taken from Glasgow to Carnwarth. and four
years later to England, his step-father becoming
jiassenger engineer of the Great Eastern, under
Robert Sinclair. When ten years of age he was
l)ut to work as an assistant in the track depart-
ment of the Great Eastern road, and at fifteen
was apprenticed to the machinist's trade, which

-120

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

he completed. As may be readily imagined, he
had few advantages; in fact, his total schooling
scarcely exceeded two years, but as he has al-
ways been a man of good memory, close obser-
vation and excellent mental powers, he has ac-
quired a broad fund of knowledge, far superior
to much of the education acquired from text-
book routine. At the age of twenty he began
firing on the express train between Norwich
and London. July 16, 1870, he was promoted
to be engineer on the same line, but resigned
in November, 1871, in order to engage under
the Japanese government for service as a loco-
motive engineer in Japan. The voyage to that
country was made via Suez canal. Arriving at
his destination, he was appointed as engineer
between Yokohama and Yeddo during the con-
struction of the railroad, and in 1872 he had the
honor of taking the Mikado, in a private car, on
his first trip between those two towns.

Leaving Japan in October, 1875, he came to
San Francisco via the steamer Grand Republic,
which crossed the ocean in twenty-one days.
With him he brought letters of introduction to
Charles Crocker and in this way was at once
given employment on the Southern Pacific Rail-
road as locomotive engineer. For six months
his run was between Sacramento and Oakland.
When new engines were built, he was given one,
which he took to Mojave and ran along the
route of construction until connection was
made, December 5, 1876, at Laing's. Next he
ran a freight train between Mojave and Wil-
mington, and in 1877 was given a passenger run
between Wilmington and Mojave, but, not lik-
ing it, was transferred on request to the freight,
continuing in that capacity until 1880, when he
was given the passenger run between Los An-
geles and j\Iojave. Since 1880 he has been
employed continuously as passenger engineer
ancl since 1893 has had the run between Los
Angeles and Santa Barbara. During his long
experience no serious accident has ever oc-
curred to his train and no passenger has ever
been killed, but he has had more than one nar-
row escape, when fatal results would have en-
sued had he not retained his coolness and cour-
age. Since 1876 he has resided in Los Angeles,
where he has a pleasant home on Buena \'ista
street.

In Sacramento, Cal., in February, 1876, Mr.
McDonald married Miss Emily Fisk, who was
born in Norwich, England. They are the par-
ents of seven children, the eldest of whom, John
Cameron, is chief clerk for the Mexican Na-
tional Railroad, with headquarters in the City of
Mexico. The two oldest daughters are married,
Gertrude being the wife of John Able, and .Mice
the wife of William Schmitz, of Los Angeles.
The other children are at home, namely: Bes-
sie, Margaret, Georgia and Harrison. Tlic fam-
ily are Presbyterians in religious belief.

While living in Norwich, England, Air. Mc-
Donald was made a Alason, and later became
connected with Nippon Lodge at Tokio, Japan,
in which he served as warden. At this writing
he belongs to Santa Barbara Lodge No. I92.
He was raised to the Royal Arch degree in
Corinthian Chapter No. 52, of Santa Barbara;
and to the Knight Templar degree in St. Omar
Conmiandery No. 30, Santa Barbara, besides
which he is connected with Al Malakiah Tem-
ple, N. M. S., of Los Angeles. Since 1878 he
has been associated with the Ancient Order ot
United \\' orkmen in Los Angeles, being a char-
ter member of Lodge No. 55. Politically he
votes with the Republican party. He is a char-
ter member of Orange Grove Division No. 5.
B. of L. E., of which he served as past chief
two terms and in 1887 acted as delegate of the
order to the Chicago general convention.

HON. JOHN H. RANKIN. Through a
period covering the history-making years of the
nineteenth century, Judge Rankin was identified
with the progress of St. Louis, where he was an
honored attorney. P^rom an early age his talents
indicated that success would be found by a close
application to and thorough knowledge of the
fundamental principles of the law. His father,
William, was an agriculturist by occupation, but
his own tastes led him away from the farm and
into professional activities. Born in Pittsburg,
Pa., in 1820, and a graduate of the Pittsburg
Law School, he followed the tide of emigration
westward, and about 1842 established himself
as a lawyer in St. Louis, where he later formed
a partnership with C. S. Hayden. At that day
St. Louis occupied a position among the Missis-
sippi valley cities even more important than
that of the present time. Railroads not yet hav-
ing spanned the country, travel was largely by
steamer, and the St. Louis docks were constant-
ly crowded with boats from all points, loading or
unloading large cargoes, and carrying large con-
signments of passengers. Perhaps for this rea-
son much of his practice was in connection with
maritime laws, and no lawyer in the city was
better posted than he in this particular branch
of the law. In addition, he had a large civil
practice, extending into all the courts.

Perhaps no trait was so conspicuous in the
character of Judge Rankin as that of concen-
tration. Nothing was allowed to interfere with
professional work. The charms of societv which
a]5peal so strongly to many never lured him
from his desk, yet he was a genial and compan-
ionable man. The fascinations of political life
which so many are unable to resist never drew
him aside from his work, yet he was a man of
])ublic sjjirit and loyal in his citizenship, a thor-
ough believer in the Democratic party, but, dur-
ing the Civil war. a strong Union supporter.
The inducements and invitations to accept office

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

4-31

which lead so many attorneys out of practice
fell with him on unheeding ears, yet he was
ever ready to exert his influence for friends who
were candidates for office. The path which in
early years he had mapped out for himself he
walked in steadfastly until his death, iSIarch 27,
1886. With this remarkable concentration of
mind and heart into his chosen profession, it is
not strange that his exceptional talents should
liave brought him a position of prominence
among the brightest minds of his home city.

The marriage of Judge Rankin took place in
Manchester (now Allegheny City), Pa., in 1847,
and united him with Aliss Mary J. McKain,
daughter of James and Adeline (Kerwin) Mc-
Kain. Her father, who was of English descent
on the paternal side and of German extraction
on the maternal side, was born in Marietta, Lan-
caster county. Pa., and settled in Pittsburg,
walking almost the entire distance between the
two towns. For some time he carried on busi-
ness as a hatter in Pittsburg, and his daughter,
Mary, was bom there. On account of ill health
he closed out the business and opened a large
greenhouse and pleasure gardens on the Ohio.
His boat, the Greenwood, conveyed passengers
from Pittsburg to Greenwood Gardens, where
visitors were delighted with the artistic taste
shown in the arrangement of plants and shrubs.
In the raising of flowers he becamean expert,
and his boucjuets were awarded first premiums
in many exhibitions where eminent florists com-
peted for honors. Though his life was prolonged
to almost ninety-four years, he retained his fac-
ulties to the last, and, had it not been for a se-
vere fall six months before he died, he would
doubtless have attained an even greater age
than he did. Xot only was he a remarkable
man physically, but his mental attainments were
above the average, and the success which he
achieved in his business proved him to be a
man of tact and resourcefulness. After the or-
ganization of the Republican party he gave his
support to its principles. At the age of eighteen
years he became a member of the Presbyterian
Church and continued active in that denomina-
tion until his death, ser^dng as elder in Dr.
Herron's church, later in Dr. Swift's church in
.-Mlegheny City.

The wife of James McKain was of English
lineage through her father, and Irish extrac-
tion on the maternal side. Her ancestors were
among the first settlers of Pittsburg, Pa. She
was born in that state^and died in Toledo, Ohio,
at seventy-six years of age. In religion she was
of the Episcopalian faith. Of her ten children
five daughters and two sons attained maturity,
and all are still living except one son. They
are named as follows: Anne C, widow of Dr.
G. S. Walker, who died in Los Angeles; Alary
J.. Mrs. Rankin; Adeline M., wife of R. H.
Lecky. and a resident of Los Angeles; James

K., deceased; Emma H., Mrs. Robinson, of
Findlay, Ohio; Joseph, of Hastings, Neb.; and
Clarissa, Airs. Robinson, of Bellaire, Ohio. Dur-
ing the Civil war Joseph was for three years a
member of a Pennsylvania regiment. James
K., who enlisted in a Pennsylvania regiment for
nine months, afterward re-enlisted for three
years, and remained at the front until the close
of the war. Later he engaged in railroading and
was accidentally killed on a railroad in Ohio.

Born and reared in Pittsburg, Pa., Airs. Ran-
kin was given the best educational advantages
that city afforded. She remained in her father's
home until she went to St. Louis, a bride, to
take charge of the home her husband had pre-
pared for her. After his death, not caring to re-
side in St. Louis, she returned east, spending
eighteen months in Toledo, Ohio, and then pur-
chasing residence property in the East End,
Pittsburg. In January, 1894, she vished Cali-
fornia for the first time and was so delighted
with the climate and the beauties of Los An-
geles that she at once arranged to establish her
home here, buying property on South Flower
street. Four years later she built a residence
on the corner of Eighteenth and Flower streets.
In October, 1896, she selected a site on Twenty-
eighth street, and under her supervision was
erected the artistic residence which has since
Ijeen her home. Since coming to Los Angeles
she has been associated with Immanuel Presbv-
terian Church and has been interested in its va-
rious organizations, being particularly active in
its missionary society, of which she is vice-pres-
ident, giving liberally to its various missions
and also contributing to the general mainte-
nance and charities of the church.

HENRY AIILNOR AIITCHELL. During
his long connection with the professional and
horticultural interests of Los Angeles and vicin-
ity. Air. Alitchell wielded great influence in the
advancement of this western metropolis, and few
of its citizens have been more deeplv mourned
in death than he. Both as an attorney and as
the incumbent of various offices of trust, he
proved himself to be the possessor of fine abili-
ties, coupled with a high sense of his duty as a
citizen and his responsibility as a man. To' some
degree his ability was undoubtedlv inherited,
for his father, Samuel P. Alitchell, a Canadian,
of English parentage, was one of the leading
financiers and business men of Richmond, \'a",
where his position as president of the Planters'
r.ank made him a power in financial circles,
while he also owned a large woolen manufac-
tory that represented an important investment.
To his generosity was due the erection of an
Episcopal house of worship in Richmond, and
lie afterward remained one of its most liberal
contributors and a member of its vestry. He
married Rebecca Klapp, daughter of a well-

422

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

known physician of Philadelphia, where she was
born and reared. Of their union were four sons
and one daughter, of whom three sons survive.

The eldest of the family, Henry M. Mitchell,
was born at Richmond, Va., December 14, 1846,
and was educated in the Virginia Militarj- In-
stitute. During the Civil war he was a mem-
ber of the Cadets Corps, C. S. A., under Gen-
eral Ewing, and was at Appomattox. At the
close of the war he engaged in raising wheat
and tobacco in Virginia, and in 1867 taught
school in North Carolina, from which state in
1868 he came via Nicaragua to Los Angeles,
Cal. His first work here was in surveying and
his next that of a reporter on the Los Angeles
Star. In 1872 he was admitted to the bar, and
seven years later was admitted to the supreme
court. Under Sheriffs Alexandre and Rowland
he served as a deputy, assisting meanwhile in
the capture of Tiburcio \'asquez, a noted ban-
dit. While pursuing a horsethief, Satella, Mr.
Mitchell had a narrow escape, and one shot pen-
etrated his hat; however, he was successful in
landing his prisoner. In 1877 he was elected
sheriff of Los Angeles county, and at the ex-
piration of his term resumed the practice of the
law; later, however, serving as under sheriff
with J. C. Kayes.

As a pleasant relaxation from the cares of
office and professional work, Mr. Mitchell be-
came interested in horticulture, and bought one-
half of San Rafael rancho, which he laid out into
orchards and vineyards, building an attractive
and commodious residence, in which he after-
ward made his home. To this place he gave
the name of Blenheim, but afterward, w'hen for
two years the celebrated singer, Ellen Beach
Yaw, leased the property, she bestow-ed upon it
the name of Larks' Nest, and views of the
homestead, under this title, w-ere published in
various eastern magazines. The property is
still owned by Mrs. Mitchell, who remained
there four years after the death of Mr. Mitchell,
then spent two years in Philadelphia, returning
to California to make her home with her father,
and now resides on Menlo avenue, Los Angeles.

In national politics Mr. Mitchell was a Demo-
crat. On the celebration of the centennial of
national independence in Los Angeles he acted
as grand marshal. For years he was a member
of the volunteer fire department. When Gen.
John M. Baldw^in w-as in command of the First
]]rigade, C. N. G., he served as assistant adju-
tant-general and chief of staff. Until his death
he was a member of the Los Angeles Bar Asso-
ciation and maintained a deep interest in every-
thing bearing upon the profession of law. From
the busy cares of his profession he often sought
a needed change in exercising his fondness for
athletic sports and particularly for hunting. Be-
ing an expert shot, he frequently, with a few
companions, spent several days in hunting ex-

peditions, and it w-as at such a time as this, De-
cember 7, 1890, while hunting deer in the moun-
tains north of Burbank, he was accidentally shot
by a comrade who had mistaken him for a deer.
The wound was mortal and he died instantly.
His body was brought to Los Angeles and in-
terred in its final resting place by his many warm
friends, to all of whom the sad catastrophe had
proved a great shock.

October i, 1879, in Los Artgeles, occurred the
marriage of Henry ^Milnor Mitchell and Miss
Susan Eleanor Glassell, who was born in San
Francisco, a daughter of Andrew and Lucie
(Toland) Glassell, natives respectively of Rich-
mond, \'a., and Columbia, S. C. Her paternal
grandfather, Andrew Glassell, who was of
Scotch origin and a native of Richmond, was
a planter in the Old Dominion and a soldier in
the war of 1812. During his last days he re-
sided with his children in Los Angeles. He
was the son of a Scotchman who settled upon
a plantation in Virginia. The Scotch ancestors
were strict Presbyterians. The original emi-
grant married into the family of which General
Taylor was a member, and their son, Andrew,
married Susan Thornton, by whom he had six
children. Of these, Andrew was born Septem-
ber 30, 1827, and at the age of seven accom-
panied his parents to Alabama. In 1848 he was
graduated from the University of Alabama, and
in 1853 he was admitted to the bar of the su-
preme court. On coming to California in 1853,
he secured a position as deputy United States
attorney at San Francisco, and later engaged
in private practice. During the Civil war he
engaged in the manufacture of lumber near
Santa Cruz, but later took up professional work
at Los Angeles, where he assisted in organiz-
ing the City Water Company and the Farmers
& Merchants Bank. In 1880 he retired from
practice, and thereafter gave his attention to
superintending his landed estate until his death,
January 28, 1901. In 1855 he married Lucie,
daughter of Dr. H. H. Toland, who was born
in Columbia, S. C, and became a pioneer physi-
cian of California. He is remembered particu-
larly by reason of his gift to the state of the
Toland Medical College, now the medical de-
jiartment of the University of California. The
Toland family is of English and Scotch-Irish
descent. Mrs. Glassell died in 1879, leaving
nine children, all still living but Lucian, who
(lied in 1900. When a girl Mrs. Mitchell was
given excellent educational advantages, both in
Los Angeles and Oakland, where she was a
student in the Convent of the Sacred Heart.
Mer early advantages and subsequent travels,
reading and self-culture have made her a val-
uable addition to the society of Los Angeles.
Her younger daughter, Lucie Milnor, resides
with her, and the older daughter, Arline, is the
wife of Charles Bedford, of Prescott, Ariz.

CJui^ &Uyr^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

425

CHARLES CURTIS. The little town of
Carpinteria (Spanish for carpenter shop), with
its fruitful orchards and peaceful industrial en-
terprises, claims no citizen more influential than
Charles Curtis, known in the business world as
a general merchant, and to his friends and asso-
ciates as one of the strong bulwarks of the town.
He is a native of Clinton county, N. Y., the little
town of Mooers having also been the birthplace
of his father, Michael Curtis. He was reared in
his native place and received a common-school
education, supplemented by a considerable
knowledge of general business while yet a
young boy. When old enough to assume re-
sponsibility and take care of himself financially,
he engaged as clerk in a general mercantile
establishment in Montreal, Canada, whither liis
family had in the mean time removed.

In 1890 J\Ir. Curtis departed from Canada and
settled in Carpinteria, Cal., where he became
associated with Mr. Peterkin as a clerk. He
was so favorably impressed with the opportuni-
ties which seemed to exist for the worthy and
industrious in this Southern California town
that he associated himself with J. D. Dyer and
Ijought out the mercantile business of J. A.
Young. The firm conducted their affairs under
the firm name of Curtis & Dyer for one year,
at the expiration of which time Mr. Curtis
liought out the interest of Mr. Dyer and has
since conducted the business independent of
partnership. He carries a fine stock of general
necessities, and caters to a continually increasing
trade, by no means local, as it extends far out
through the county and to the west as far as
Summerland.

Many of the interests in Carpinteria have
profited by the business acumen of Mr. Curtis,
and he is especially interested in the develop-
ment of oil in the county, being a stockholder
in numerous oil companies. He is a member of
the Chamber of Commerce, and was instrumen-
tal in securing the organization of the same.
In the affairs of the Presbyterian Church he is
particularly prominent, is an elder and deacon,
and takes an active part in the Sunday school as
superintendent of the same. He is also further
engaged in religious work as president of the
Christian Endeavor Union of Santa Barbara
county. Politically he is an ardent Republican,
and was secretary of the McKinley-Roosevelt
Club. In 1898 Mr. Curtis married Susie Tobey,
a native of California, and of this union there is
one son, Randall D. Curtis.

MILTON THOMAS. To have come to Los
Angeles during the days of its pioneer strug-
gles; to have been identified with its history
during the formative period of its growth, as-
sisting in the establishment of churches, schools
and philanthropic institutions: to have been an
important factor in its material progress and its

transformation from a small, sleepy and strag-
gling village to one of the foremost cities of the
great west; such a life is worthy of record in
the annals of local history. Worthy, therefore,
of conspicuous mention among the early set-
tlers of Los Angeles is the late Milton Thomas,
whose most permanent monument is his work
in connection with the upbuilding of the city.

Mr. Thomas was born in Kingston, (3hio,
September 19, 1830, a son of John and Jane
(Ford) Thomas, natives respectively of England
and Ohio. His father crossed the ocean in boy-
hood, settled upon a farm in Ohio, but later re-
moved to Iowa and afterward became a resident
of Kirksville, Mo., where his wife died. At an
advanced age he came to California and bought
ten acres on San Pedro street, near the corner
of Washington, in Los Angeles. This land he
set out in an orange orchard and built a resi-
dence there, in which he died at the age of
seventy years. Of his five children Milton was
the eldest. He attended public schools in Iowa
and gained his initiatory experience in inde-
pendent enterprises as a farmer near Burling-
ton, in Des Moines county, later engaging in
the nursery and stock business, while he also
taught several terms of school. By way of New
York and Panama, in 1863 Mr. Thomas came
to California, proceeding from San Francisco
to Linden, San Joaquin county, where he bought
land and engaged in ranching and dairy farm-
ing. The year 1868 found him in Los An-
geles, a straggling town of four thousand peo-
ple, inhabiting unattractive adobe houses. Yet
there was the same fascination of climate and
scenery that still weaves its meshes around the
stranger and still lures him into leaving old
friends and old associations to enjoy the charm
of the city by the twilight sea. A year after
coming he bought a lot on South Spring, be-
tween Second and Third streets, the present site
of Los Angeles theatre. Here he erected a
house of twelve rooms, which was the first
building put up in that block. One of his next
\entures was the purchase of a sheep ranch at
the present site of Whittier, and for three years,
until selling the property, he carried on a sheep
business.

Perhaps Mr. Thomas is best known through
his long connection with the nursery business
in Los Angeles, in which he continued for twen-
ty-five years. His first nursery was established
on r^Iain and Twenty-eighth streets, where he
bought a ten-acre tract. Later he became the
owner of eighty acres, his headquarters being
on Jefferson and Main. After he sold a portion
of that tract he returned to Twenty-eighth street
and two years later established his nursery on
Jefferson street and Grand avenue, buying thirty-
five acres. For years he was the most exten-
sive nurseryman in Southern California, and or-
ders came to him from the entire surrounding

42G

HISTORICAL .VXD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

coiintr_v, for it was known that he propagated
all kinds of trees and kept in stock everything
that could be raised in this part of the state.
After a long and honorable business career he
retired to private life, and four years later passed
away, September 19, 1894.

A firm faith in the Christian religion charac-
terized the life and deeds of Mr. Thomas. When
he came to Los Angeles only thirteen members
of the Methodist Episcopal denomination, with
which he and his wife were identified, could be
found. The beginning was not encouraging,
yet a start was made and from that time for-
ward he was a steady and large contributor to
the work. He assisted in building the first
house of worship owned by that denomination
in Los Angeles, and it is in no small measure
due to his encouragement and liberal donations
that there are now fifteen churches of his faith
within the city limits. His activity as an official
in his home church and his contributions to the
other church buildings made him one of the
most prominent Methodists in the city.

For some years a Republican, the importance
of endeavoring to suppress the liquor traffic led
Mr. Thomas to ally himself with the Prohibi-
tionists, which was his party in later years. Fra-
ternally he was connected with the Odd Fellows.
He was a charter member of the Chamber of
Commerce, a member of the California Fruit
Growers" Association and the Southern Califor-
nia Horticultural Association.

In D'es Moines county, Iowa, March lo, 1854,
Mr. Thomas married Aliss Elizabeth Archer,
who was born in Bond county, 111., the youngest
child of Hezekiah and Mary (Black) Archer,
natives of Sangamon county, 111. Her father,
who was a soldier in the Blackhawk war, re-
moved from Illinois to Des Moines county,
Iowa, in an early day and bought about two
thousand acres of land, from whicli he improved
large anrl valuable farms. At the time Burling-
ton had only three log cabins. His death oc-
curred in Iowa when he was seventy years of
age. The Archer family is of Pennsylvania
descent, and more remotely of Xew England
stock. Of his nine children all but one attained
maturity, and seven are still living. One son,
William, who came to California in i860, is a
retired stockman at Arroyo Grande, San Luis
( )bispo county. Elisha, who came to this state
in 1862, is a capitalist of Salinas. DeWitt, a
pioneer of i860, is a stockman at Lonipoc, Santa
l'.arl)ara county. George died near Salinas and
John near Stockton, .\nother brother, E. G.,
remains on the old farm in Des Moines countv,
Iowa.

Two daughter.' were born to the union of
.\lr. and Mrs. Thomas. Mary T., who married
John Alexander Brown, a resident of Los .\n-
geles, was a graduate of the first cla«s of the
Los Angeles high soIukiI ( 1875) and received

first honors, also a $50 medal from (.Jovernor
Downey. Later she was graduated from the
San Jose Normal School, after which she taught
school for six years. She died in 1892, leaving
two children, Ellen Margaret and Herbert
Brown. Laura T., Airs. .\. F. Carter, was grad-
uated from the Los Angeles high school in 1882,
and is actively connected with many important
public movements in this city. In Ransom
Home, of which her mother has been a mem-
ber of the board of managers for eight years,
she too is actively interested. Both are charter
members of the Central Women's Christian
Temperance Union of Los .\ngeles, which was
organized during a visit made by Frances Wil-
lard to the coast. In this Mrs. Carter officiates
as secretary, and she has also been president of
the Cnion of L'nions, and for ten years its cor-
responding secretary. Since the first year that
Temperance Temple was projected, Airs.
Thomas has been active in this work, and until
1900 she served as a member of the Temple
board. Besides these and other activities, she
has maintained a supervision of the estate since
the death of Mr. Thomas. Recently seven acres
on Jefferson street, between Hope street and
Grand avenue, have been laid out in lots, under
her supervision. Her former holdings south
of the railroad have been disposed of, but she
retains, among other properties, a ranch of
eighty acres near Chatsworth Park in the San
Fernando valley, .\mong the citizens of Los
.\ngeles, and particularly among the pioneers,
she is well known, and everywhere she is es-
teemed and admired for those gentle and cul-
tured traits that have characterized her from
girlhood.

ARTHUR F. CARTER. Descended from
Xew England progenitors. Air. Carter was
born in Connecticut January 27, 1854, a son
of John R. and Delia (Stockwell) Carter.
His father, who was a rnanufacturer, gave
up his business interests in order to serve
his country during the Civil war, becoming a
member of the Eighteenth Connecticut Infantry.
His valor as a soldier was never more marked
than in his last engagement, at Piedmont, W.
\'a., where he was killed in action. His only
son, .Arthur F., was educated in Xew England,
and in 1875 went to Colorado, where he en-
gaged in sheep and cattle raising at Box Elder
Creek, twenty-five miles from Denver. In De-
cember, 1881, he came to California, and a few
months later settled in Los Angeles, becoming
an employe of Milton Thomas. His business
c|ualifications led to his admission into partner-
ship by Air. Thomas, who gave him entire
charge of the nursery until it was closed out.
-Since then he has given his attention to an
oversight of the Thomas estate and various
holdings in Los .\ngcles. May i_', 1886, he was

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

4-37

united in marriage with Miss Laura Thomas,
and they now make their home with Mrs.
Thomas, ministering to her happiness and re-
heving the loneHness which the death of her
luisband brought upon her.

HARRISON M. BOWKER. Associated
with the beauty of Los Angeles, with the inteUi-
gence and culture of its citizens, and with that
artistic appreciation without which the city had
never challenged the admiration of all who so-
journ here, is the name of Bowker, of Ellendale
Place. Harrison M. Bowker was born in Hins-
dale, Cheshire county, N. H., July 31, 1835, a
son of Windsor and Sarah (Osgood) Bowker,
and grandson of Asa Bowker, who served in
the war of the Revolution. The family is of
English descent, and the emigrating ancestors
settled in Massachusetts long before the strife
for colonial independence. Windsor Bowker
was born in Massachusetts, at Phillipston,
Worcester county, and was for many years a
farmer at Hinsdale, where he was killed in a
runaway. He married Sarah Osgood, a native
of Wendell, ]\Iass., and daughter of Joseph
( Jsgood, born in Massachusetts, and a tanner
and farmer Ijy occupation. Mrs. Bowker, who
died in New Hampshire in her forty-ninth year,
was the mother of five cliildren, of whom Har-
rison M. is the youngest but one, and the only
living child. One of the sons, Judge John S.
Bowker, came to California in 1849, ^"d ^ii"
gaged in mining here and in Nevada. At one
time -he was county recorder at Reno, Nev., in
which city he met a tragic fate at the hands of
a criminal whom, as judge, he had decided
against. Temporarily he recovered from the
assault, although left for dead, but he finally
succumbed to his wounds.

Until his eighteenth year Mr. Bowker lived on
his father's farm, and in the mean time attended
the pul:)lic schools in New Hampshire. A
younger brother being taken sick while attend-
ing Oberlin College, Air. Bowker cared for the
invalid and eventually completed his ow-n educa-
tion at Oberlin. In 1859 he went to Oshkosh,
Wis., and at the end of two years to Beloit, Wis.,
where he worked as bookkeeper in a manufac-
turing establishment. At St. Louis, Mo.,
whither he removed in 1870, he held a position
as bookkeeper with a wholesale house, and in
time became interested in the first grain elevator
built in that city, which construction \vas en-
tirely destroyed during a cyclone. In 1882 Mr.
liowker became associated" with Los Angeles,
and' at the end of two months bought the fifteen
acres wliich has since been transformed into
Ellendale Place, considered the most beautiful
of the residence places in the city. Eour years
after purchase the place was laid out with a park
in the center, but the park has since been re-
placed b\- a boulevard, with the parks on the

sides. The propert)- extends from West Adams
street south, the lots are two hundred and four-
teen feet deep, one hundred and twenty feet
wide, and have seventy feet of driveway, leav-
ing twenty-five each side for lawns. Mr. Bow-
ker has also purchased si.\ty acres of land on
I'ico Heights, called the Washington and Pico
Street Heights tract, east of Western avenue,
and extending from Washington to Pico streets.
The important thoroughfares in this tract are
Oxford, Cambridge and Roxbury avenues and
Dorchester and Pellissier streets.

No small share of the development of Ellen-
dale is attributalile to the co-operation of i\Irs.
liowker, after whom this ideal building place is
named, and for whom it is intended as a lasting
monument to her graces of mind and character.
Eormerly Ellen Sanger Currier, she was a native
of North Troy, Vt., and a daughter of John
Wenneck Currier, also born in North Troy, and
granddaughter of Ezekiel Currier, a farmer of
the Green Alountain state. John Wenneck Cur-
rier was a farmer in \'ermont, and afterwards
became interested in the lumber business on a
large scale. With his six brothers he became a
heavy owner of lumbering interests in Canada,
and one of these brothers, Joseph Currier, was
for sixteen years a member of the Canadian par-
liament. John Wenneck Currier was an active
member and worker in the Baptist Church, and
continued to exert a strong influence in that re-
ligious denomination up to the time of his death
in \'ermont. Through his marriage to J\lary
Butterfield Elkins he became allied to an envia-
ble Revolutionary ancestry, for Mrs. Currier,
who was born in Peacham, Mass., was a daugh-
ter of Josiah Elkins, a native of Massachusetts,
who, with his son, Capt. Curtis Elkins, was at
the battle of Plattsburg. The ancestors came
from England and Scotland. To Mr. and Mrs.
Currier were born eight children, of whom three
daughters and one son are living, Mrs. Bowker
being the fourth. One of the sons, Hon. J. W.
Currier, Jr., of North Troy, Vt., has been repre-
sentative many times, and during the Civil war
served the Union cause as a member of the
Tenth Massachusetts Infantry.

Mrs. Bowker was reared in \'ermont until her
twelfth year, after which she lived with the rest
of her family in New Hampshire. In 1867 she
removed to St. Louis, and there, as in other
places of residence, availed herself of every op-
portunity for improvement. A great reader, she
has also learned much from observation, and
lias four times visited Europe for study and rec-
reation. The development of Ellendale has
proved an inexhaustible source of delight to her,
and many of the ideas which have been incor-
porated in the general plans originated in her
artistic brain. Mr. Bowker has been a Repub-
lican ever since ticneraj Fremont's time, but
active politics have entered but slightly in his

428

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

plans for activity. Formerly a Congregation-
alist, he assisted in the construction of Plymouth
Churcli, on Lovelace avenue, as a trustee and
member of tlie building committee, but has now
clianged his allegiance to the Independent
Church of Christ. He is a man of liberal tend-
encies, and has been, and still is, one of the chief
factors for progress of Los Angeles.

W. A. BONESTEL. It would be difficult to
find a man better versed in all departments of
the lumber business than is W. A. Bonestel,
manager of large lumbering concerns in Ven-
tura and other points of the state. A native of
Greene county, N. Y., in the midst of tl:e beau-
tiful Catskills, he was born March 26, 1848, and
is a son of C. D. Bonestel. Until 1861 he lived
in his native county, and acquired his rudimen-
tary education in the public schools there. On
coniing, via Panama, to San Francisco, he con-
tinued to attend the public schools, supple-
mented by attendance at Oakland College until
the junior year. In 1867 he had the distinction
of being appointed a cadet from Nevada to West
Point, and returned east via the Panama route,
but instead of entering the academy, he returned
to Greene county, N. Y., and remained there
until his removal, in 1869, to Decorah, Winne-
shiek county, Iowa, where he prepared for fu-
ture emergencies by learning the cooper's trade.
This occupation was practically applied until
1881, when he removed to Ventura, his last year
in the Iowa town being also devoted to his re-
sponsibility as street commissioner, from which
position he resigned to come to California.

It was not until locating in Ventura that Mr.
Bonestel became seriously interested in the lum-
ber business, and his affairs were at first con-
ducted under the firm name of Chaffee & Bone-
stel. The yards were managed by himself until
the concern was closed out in 1889. In 1891
he was one of the incorporators of the People's
Lumber Company, of which his father was pres-
ident and himself manager. Tlie concern has a
large yard in Ventura, which does a large busi-
ness. In 1898 there was established an addi-
tional yard in O.xnard, which, by the way, is the
largest managed by the company, and in 1899 a
yard was put in working order at Santa Paula,
all of which are under the direct control and
management of Mr. Bonestel. How well he is
adapted to this particular manner of work is
evidenced by the enormous output of the com-
bined yards, the large patronage accorded the
company in all parts of the county, and the rep-
utation for reliability and solidity which their
(.nterprisc has created. Mr. Bonestel is also in-
terested in oil production, and has interests in
several prominent and paying concerns. He is
a member of the Board of Trade, and was the
first vice-president of the same in Ventura. As
regards devotion to the welfare of the commu-

nity, he may be counted on to assist in further-
ing any just project for improvement.

In Decorah, Iowa, Mr. Bonestel married
Mary Riley, a native of London, England, and
of this union there are two children: Charles,
who is bookkeeper for the People's Lumber
Company, and Margaret, who is a graduate of
the high school class of 1901. Mrs. Bonestel is
a member of and active worker in the Episcopal
Church.

L. E. BLOCHMAN. The home of Mr.
Blochman in Santa ]\Iaria represents all that is
cultured and hospitable in this delightful South-
ern California town. A westerner by birth and
training, Mr. Blochman was born in San Fran-
cisco, Cal., in 1856, was educated in the gram-
mar and high schools of his native town, and as
an initial means of support engaged in educa-
tional work. In 1879 he began bookkeeping,
for which he is so admirably fitted, and in 1881
associated himself with the firm of Weilheimer
& Coblentz (subsequently Coblentz & Schwa-
bacher) in the capacity of bookkeeper and gen-
eral manager. In connection with his work he
has maintained an interest in the upbuilding of
this district, has appreciated its possibilities, and
grasped its opportunities. The agricultural in-
terests have materially benefited by his investi-
gation and study, and to his eft'orts in organiz-
mg, with others, in 1888, the Gum Tree Grow-
ers' Association are due the splendid eucalyptus
trees which in places protect this valley from
the sea winds. By writing and othenvise he has
continually advocated tree planting in the valley
and town. For the twenty years that he has
resided in the Santa Maria valley he has been a
close observer of the weather. He is considered
an authority on this subject, and has become
associated with the State Weather Bureau. He
is a Republican in politics and is a particularly
earnest advocate of temperance.

In 1888 occurred the marriage of Mr. Bloch-
man and Ida Twitchell, one of the leading edu-
cators of Santa Barbara county. A graduate of
the Iowa Agricultural College, Mrs. Blochman
was valedictorian of her class, and has since
mainly devoted her time to teaching. For sev-
eral years before her marriage she was principal
of the Santa Maria grammar school, and is now
English and history teacher of the town high
school. In 1886 she was the regular nominee
for county superintendent of schools, and would
have been elected had it not been for the preju-
dice against her sex. She has been a member
of the board of education for several years sub-
sequently. Few women in the state have
a more exhaustive knowledge of botany
than has Mrs. Blochman, as evidenced par-
ticularly by her exhibit of California plants
at the World's Fair. She is a delightful and
amiable woman, who has turned her abil-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

431

ities to more than ordinar)' account, and re-
ceives a corresponding regard from her hosts
of friends here and elsewhere. In 189 1 j\Ir.
J-'.lochman was the first to move to inaugurate
the Union high scliool of the valley, under the
new state law for the organization of such dis-
trict or union high schools. He was secretary
for the first five years, to be succeeded by W.
L. Adams, equally interested in the educational
interests of the communitv.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. By act of
the legislature of 1881 the Normal School at
Los Angeles was established as a branch of that
in San Jose and the sum of $50,000 appropriated
for the construction and equipment of a build-
ing, the city of Los Angeles having agreed to
furnish a suitable site. The location selected
was a hill which formed a part of the orange or-
chard of Prudence Beaudry, adjacent to the city,
easy of access, commanding a fine view, and
uniting beauty of scenery with salubrity of cli-
mate. The grounds comprise four acres, ap-
proachable from four different directions, and
located at the head of Fifth street, fronting on
Grand avenue (then called Charity street).

August 29, 1882, the building having been
completed, the school was opened, with sixty-
one pupils and the following instructors: Prof,
J. C. Flatt, vice-principal; Emma L. Hawks,
preceptress; J. W. Redway, assistant teacher;
i^rof. Charles H. Allen being principal of
both the San Jose and Los Angeles schools.
In August, 1883, a radical change was made in
the management by the appointment of Prof.
Ira More as principal, the school having been
made independent by act of the legislature.
Professor Alore was a graduate of the scientific
department of Yale, and a man of remarkable
personality and great decision of purpose. For
ten years the impress of his character was
stamped upon the institution, and its early es-
tablishment upon a substantial basis was largely
due to his effective oversight and wise judg-
ment. On his resignation in 1893, the position
of principal was tendered to Prof. Edward T.
Pierce, who has since efficiently filled it.

In June, 1884, a class of twenty-two graduated
from the school, a large number of whom are
still engaged in teaching, and rank among the
most successful educators of the state. Two of
these, Mrs. Frances H. Byram and Miss Kate
P.rousseau, are connected with the Normal
School, the former as principal of the training
school and the latter as instructor in psychology
and mathematics in the normal department.
During the second vear in the school's exist-
ence. Miss S. P. Monks, Miss Isabella G. Oak-
ley and Mrs. E. J. Valentine were added to the
faculty, the first named still remaining as an in-
structor. In August. 1884, the facult'v received,
important additions in Miss Harriet E. Dunn

and Melville Dozier, both of whom have contin-
ued to the present time. D'uring 1885-86 Mrs.
Mary A. Heath (now IMrs. English) was added
to the corps of instructors, and R. L. Kent took
the place of Mrs. Valentine in the department of
music, his connection continuing until 1893. In
1887 Miss Josephine E. Seaman and Miss Alice
J. Merritt became members of the faculty, the
former remaining to the present, and the latter
resigning at her marriage in 1897. The vice-
principal. Prof. J. C. Flatt, withdrew in 1890,
and most of the time since the position has been
filled by Prof. Melville Dozier, teacher of mathe-
matics. At the same time Prof. C. E. Hutton
was elected to the department of mathematics
and has also for some years been registrar of
the school. The same year witnessed the erec-
tion and furnishing of the gymnasium, the
charge of which was given to Theodore Bess-
ing, a trainer of athletes. This department in
i896passed into the capable hands of Miss Sarah
J. Jacobs, from the Boston School of Gynmas-
tics, under whose wise guidance it has come
to be regarded as an indispensable factor in
the symmetrical development of the normal stu-
dent. From 1893 to 1898 IMrs. Juliet P. Rice
was at the head of the music department, and
afterward the appointment was conferred upon
I\Iiss Jennie Hagan.

AMien Professor Pierce came to the head of
the institution, a recent appropriation by the
legislature of $75,000 for the enlargement of
the school placed heavy burdens upon him from
the first. In the discharge of this and other du-
ties he has proved himself to be self-reliant, tact-
ful, energetic and sagacious, and his service has
lieen alike creditable to himself and profitable
to the state. Among the changes which he su-
perintended were the enlargement of the offices
of principal and preceptress and of the library:
the creation of a physical laboratory, a biolog-
ical laboratory, a sloyd department: the erec-
tion of a new building for a chemical laboratory:
the exchange of the old assembly hall for a
room whose beauty is second to none of the
kind in Southern California; and a correspond-
ing change in the appliances and facilities for
work. In 1894 Dr. James H. Shults was called
to the department of physics. Miss Mary A. La-
throp to the department of sloyd, and Miss
-'Xgnes Crary to that of English. At the same
time Mrs. Isabel W. Pierce succeeded Miss
Emma L. Hawks as preceptress of the school.
On the death of Aliss Lathrop, Giarles M.
Miller, a graduate of the class of 1891, became
head of the department of sloyd, and has the
distinction of being the first alumnus of the
school to be appointed a member of its faculty.

The department of art, organized in 1895,
under Miss -Vda M. Laughlin, since assisted by
Miss Mary ]\r. Smith, has won an enviable rep-
utation throughout the state; and the same may

HISTORICAL AND 1!I()( ', r^APl IICAL RECORD.

be said of the department of psychology and
pedagogy, formerly under Dr. F. B. Dresslar,
who, fresh from study at Clark. University, or-
ganized the department in 1894. After three
years of service, Dr. Dresslar was elected assist-
ant professor of education at the State Univer-
sity. The place thus left vacant was filled for
the two years following by Dr. C. C. \'an Liew,
from the State Normal School of Illinois. Upon
the resignation of the latter to accept the presi-
dency of the State Normal School at Chico, Cal.,
Dr. George F. James, of the Chicago Univer-
sity, was called to the position which he has
abiy filled for the past three years. The position
also includes that of superintending the training
school, in all of which work Prof. Everett Shep-
ardson, of the University of Indiana, and Miss
Urousseau, who, after graduating from the Nor-
mal School, spent two years in special study in
The Sorbonne, Paris, have been able assistants
for several years.

Realizing the teacher's need of knowledge
and training in the important matter of correct
use of the voice in reading and speech, a depart-
ment of voice culture and reading was added
to the work of the school in 1895, and Miss
Grace S. Jones, of the Emerson School of Ex-
l)ression, was engaged as teacher. Upon her
resignation in 1896, the board elected Charles
D. von Neumayer, of the School of Dramatic
Art, New York, who still holds the place. The
growing interest in kindergarten education
made it evident that there would soon be a large
demand for teachers and to meet this demand
President Pierce added a kindergarten depart-
ment in 1895, at the head of which was placed
Miss Florence Lavvson, of the Kindergarten
College of Chicago, with Miss Bertha M. An-
drews as assistant, this being the first kinder-
garten dei)artnient to be established under the
auspices of the state of California. Tlie recent
demand for practical education in the i)ublic
schools led to the establishment in 1901 of a
department of domestic science for the training
of teachers in this important subject: Miss Lucy
J. .Anderson and Mrs. Jessica C. Hazzard, both
oi whom had received special training for the
work, were placed in charge. The Los Angeles
Normal School was the third institution of its
kind in the L'nited States to include domestic
science in its curriculum. In September of 1902
the department will occu])y commodious and
well-e<|uii)i)ed apartments recently constructed
for the purpose in the new aimex.

In 1897 Prof. P.. M. Davis was called to work
with Miss .Monks in the department of l)iolog\.
His thorough scientific training has enabled him
to raise the work of the department to a high
>tandard of excellence. The English depart-
ment of the school has won an enviable repu-
tation throughout the state by its thorough
uork. The following teachers have been maini)

instrumental during the past eight years in bring-
ing this about: ]\liss Agnes Crary, Miss Emma
I.^Breck, Miss Etta E. Moore, Miss Josephine
E. Seaman, Mrs. Mary C Barnum, Miss Lou
Hellmu.th, and Mrs. Pierce, the four latter being
the present corps of teachers. The department
of history and geography has for some years
been under the charge of Miss Harriet E. Dunn.
history; Prof. James F. Chamberlain, of the
Chicago Normal School, geography; and Miss
Agnes Elliott, history; the latter is a graduate
of the school, with special training of two years
elsewhere. The training department has always
been one of the most notable features of the
school. The children in it have been assigned
to the school by the city superintendent, and it
has been considered one of the regular city
graded schools, although under the direct super-
vision of the Normal School authorities. Eight
regular grades are maintained and it is one of
the largest training or practice schools con-
nected with the Normal Schools of this country.
It occupies twenty-five school rooms and offices,
especially equipped for its work. It has been
the policy of the administration to appoint the
critic teachers in this department from among
the alumni, whenever possible, thus mamtaining
a unity of purpose indispensable to the highest
success. From 1882 to 1891 Aliss Martha M.
Knapp had charge of the school, which then
consisted of but three grades. She was followed
by Mrs. Frances H. Byram. Eight years ago, at
the reorganization of the Normal School, the
training department was enlarged to its present
size, placed under the general supervision of the
professor of pedagogy, and all of the assistant
critics were made of equal rank. Besides Mrs.
Byram, who is also acting city principal, the fol-
lowing teachers are now in charge of the critic
work: Mrs. Albertina Smith, Miss Carrie
Reeves, Mrs. Clara M. Preston and Miss Helen
C. Mackenzie.

In keeping with the growth of the school has
been the expansion of the Iibrar_\-, which now
numbers about ten thousand volumes, together
with many bound magazines. It is under the
able management of Miss Harriet E. Dunn, a
member of the faculty, and Miss Elizabeth H.
I'argo, a trained librarian. The whole aim of
the institution has been to uplift the common
schools of the state. There are now about
twelve hundred alumni, over ninety per cent of
whom have taught in the schools' of Southern
California, and their success as educators re-
flects great credit upon their alma mater. In
July last, the close of the twentieth vear of the
school was celebrated by a large body of alumni
with appropriate ceremonies, and a history of
the school was issued.

The State Normal School at Los .\ngeles has
always been fortunate in its boards of trustees,
which have never been governed by parti.san-

Ociu/arud0}W

wica

Statf Normal SeluK.l, I.os AnKi;les.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

435

slii|i or [lersoiial favoritism. The list of local
members in the past has included some of the
most prominent and public-spirited men in
Southern California, among whom were Senator
Stephen M. White, O. W. Childs, Hon. George
.M. Smith, Hon. W. W. Bowers, IVof. Charles
F. Holder, A. E. Pomeroy, Gen. John Mansfield,
Judge N. P. Conrey, and Hon. T. P. Lukens.
The present board consists of the following well-
known gentlemen: His Excellency Henry T.
Gage, Ciovernor of California, and Hon. T. J.
Kirk, State Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion, cx-ofiicio members. Local board, ap-
pointed by the Ciovernor: Hon. R. H. F. Variel,
president of Board; Henry W. O'Melveny, vice-
president, both of Los Angeles; John S. Col-
lins, of \'entura; E. J. Louis, of San Diego;
and Lee A. Phillips, of Los Angeles.

PROF. EDWARD T. PIERCE, the presi-
dent of the State Normal Scliool at Los Angeles,
was unanimously elected to this responsible po-
sition in 1893 by the Ijoard of trustees of that
institution. Under his energetic leadership new
buildings have been erected, the capacity has
been largely increased, and the faculty enlarged
from thirteen to thirty teachers. Important
changes have been made in the organization of
the school and the enlargement of the scope
of work pursued since he took charge, includ-
ing a department for the training of kindergar-
ten teachers, the first to be established under
the auspices of the state, the art department,
well-equipped laboratories, and departments of
manual training and domestic science. The
most thorough instruction is now afforded to
over five hundred students who attend the
school. To further promote the welfare of the
school, the sum of $23,500 has recently been ex-
pended in 'the erection of another building by
which the facilities of the school have been
greatly enhanced.

Prof. Edward T. Pierce was born in Mere-
dith Square, Delaware county, N. Y., March ly,
1851. He is the oldest of eleven children (ten
of whom were sons) born to J. Washington and
I'rances Clark I'ierce, both of whom are now-
living in Los Angeles at an advanced age.
When he was l)ut eight years of age his father
moved to a large farm in the town of Hamden,
Delaware comity, most of which had to be
cleared of the forest that then covered it. There
the boy Edward worked on the farm summers
and attended first the local school and later
the Walton Academy, winters, until he was sev-
enteen. At that age he began to teach winter
schools in neighboring districts, continuing
three seasons, boarding around while doing so.
as was at that time the custom in many places.
Carefully saving all that he earned, he was en-
al)lcd to pay his way through the State Normal
."^chiinl at .\lbanv. from which he was graduated

in 1872, after which for several years he had
charge of schools in ( )rangeville, N. Y. ; Lin-
den, N. J., and Belleville, N. J. Flis own efforts
also enabled him later to take a thorough course
in law, and in 1887 he was graduated from
L'nion L'niverfity with the degree of LL. B. He
dates his residence in California from August,
1881, when he began fruit farming at Sierra
Madre, being one of the pioneers of that place.
He taught the Santa .Anita school for two years,
when he became principal of the Pasadena
schools, organizing both the grammar and high
schools of that cit\- and greatly promoting their
welfare through his wise supervision. In 1885
he was elected the first superintendent of
schools, and this position he held for four years,
during which time he directed the construction
of many of the fine school buildings of that city.
While actively engaged in this work he was
called to Chico, Cal., in 1889, when he organ-
ized and estalilished upon a substantia! basis in
that place the third Normal School of the state,
as principal of which he continued until his elec-
tion to his present position.

In 1887 Professor Pierce married Miss Isabel
Woodin, by whom he has had two daughters
and oiw son, the eldest of whom, Ethel Vora,
is now living. Mrs. Pierce was born in Dutch-
ess county, N. Y., of one of its oldest families,
and received excellent educational advantages.
After graduating from the State Normal School
at Albany, she entered upon the work of an edu-
cator and has been interested in the same ever
since, teaching in graded and high schools and
the Normal School at Chico. I'or the past eight
years she has been preceptress and a member of
the English faculty of the State Normal School
at Los Angeles. She is a most efficient aid to
her husband in his many responsibilities. The
young women of the school recognize in Mrs.
Pierce a wise counsellor and a sympathizing
friend, who aids them in many ways to attain
that high standard of moral strength that should
characterize teachers.

The degree of Ph. D. was conferred upon
Professor Pierce in 1894 by his alma mater, the
New York State Normal College at Albany.
Since 1889 he has lieen a member of the state
board of education of California, and is at this
writing the oldest member of the same in point
of years and service thereon. The State Teach-
ers' Association and the Southern California
Teachers' Association find in him an active and
interested worker. In connection with the Na-
tional Educational Association he has Ik-cii
highly honored, having served from 1895 to
1899 as one of a conmiittec of eight members
from that body in the preparation of the Report
on Normal Schools, relating to the function an<l
needs of these institutions in the I'nited States.
In 1899 he was chosen a member of the National
Council of iMlncation, which is com])osed of

436

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

sixty of the most prominent educators of the
United States. Fraternally he was made a
Mason in the Pasadena Lodge, and was raised
to the chapter there. He is now connected with
Southern California Lodge, F. & A. M.. of Los
\n"-eles, also of Los Angeles Commanderv No.
o K. T., and Al Malakiah Temple, N. M. S.

WILLIAM NELSON BRUCE, the chief en-
gineer of the Santa Barbara Water Company,
was born in Lafayette, Ind., April 13, 1856, a
son of William Bruce, a native of Oliio, and also
a machinist. For many years the elder Bruce
followed his trade in Lafayette, Ind., and during
the Civil war enlisted twice, in an Ohio and
Indiana regiment. He was wounded and cap-
tured and sent to Andersonville, and when lib-
erated was such a total wreck that he did not
long survive his freedom. The paternal grand-
father, Robert Bruce, was born in Scotland, and
upon immigrating to America settled first in
Ohio and then in Indiana. Tlie mother of W.
N. Bruce was, before her marriage, Ida Doyle,
a native of Indiana, and daughter of John Doyle,
who was born in New York, and became a
farmer in Indiana. Mrs. Bruce, who died in In-
iliana, was the mother of four children, two of
whom are living, \\'illiam Nelson being the
youngest.

Mr. Bruce was reared in Lafayette, Ind., and
in 1867 came to California with his grandmother
Doyle and located in Santa Rosa, where he at-
tended the public schools. Later, in Merced
county, he engaged in different occupations
until grown to manhood. In 1873 he went to
Tulare county at tlie time of the building of the
railroad, and in 1875 entered the shops of the
Southern Pacific Railroad Company, to learn
the machinist's trade. He was in time foreman
of the Goshen branch, and later was employed
on the Southern Pacific coast road at Santa
Cruz, and promoted to the position of engineer,
his run being between Alameda and Santa Cruz.
.\fterwards he took up stationary engineering
and had charge at different times of the Victor
:\Iills at Holiister, Cal., the mills at Hartford.
Cal.. and the Grangeville Mills, in Tulare county.
In 1883 he came to \'entura and was with the
Santa -Vna Water Company and the I. Barnard
machine shop, until he was appointed superin-
tendent of the Ventura asphalt mine in Devil's
Canon. This position he filled with great credit
between 1889 and 1891, and opened the mine
for the company. Later he performed a similar
service for the Alcatraz Asphalt Company at
Lapatera, twelve miles from Santa Barbara, of
which he was superintendent for two years. He
then went to \'entura as superintendent for the
X'cntura (now the Weldon) Asphalt Company,
and serve<l in this capacitv until taking up his
])resent position in .Santa Barbara as chief engi-
neer of tlie water company. Tlie works of the

company have been rebuilt since July of 1896.
and new engines placed.

In Tulare county Mr. Bruce married Mattic
Series, a native of Illinois, and of this union
there arc two children: Robert, who is attend-
ing the California School of Mechanics and
.\rts; and Lora. Mr. Bruce is a thoroughly
competent engineer, and his services may well
be in demand by responsible and cautious firms.
He is a Republican in politics, and is fraternally
a \\'oodman of the World, and a member of the
.\ncient Order of United Workmen.

HIRAM BRUNDAGE. One of the success-
ful lemon growers of the ^fontecito valley is
Hiram Bnindage, who was born in Ontario,
Canada, in 1835, a son of Elijah Brundage, n
native of New York, and reared near Lake
Champlain. At the age of ten years Hiram re-
moved with his parents to Lake county, Ind.,
and after seven or eight years went to Ohio,
near the Pennsylvania line. At Springfield. Pa.,
lie learned telegraphy, and with the breaking
out of the Civil war assumed charge of a gang of
men and built the telegraph line from Salt Lake
City, Utah, to Fort B^ridger, Wyo. In the fall
of 1863 he went to the mines in Montana, and
subsequently became interested in several good
mines in Alder Gulch. The following spring he
returned to Pennsylvania and remained for two
years, later being sent to Fort Kearney, Neb.,
as a telegraph operator.

In 1869 Air. Brundage went to \irginia City.
Mont., and later published in Dillon a small
paper called the Tribune, in which he still has
an interest, and in the fall of 1886 he came to
Montecito and purchased the ranch of ten acres
upon which he now lives. His fine lemon grove
of five acres, covered with healthy fruit-bearing
trees, in 1900 produced four hundred and seven-
teen boxes of lemons. He has improved his
land, which was originally quite barren, and has
built a commodious residence of redwood, the
greater part of the mechanical work being ac-
complished by himself. He has been active in
promoting the interests of the valley, and is
keenly alive to its innumerable chances for mak-
ing a livelihood and securing as beautiful a
home and surroundings as can be found in any
part of Southern California. He is an advocate
of education, and is a trustee of the Montecito
school district. I'raternally he is connected with
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in Mon-
tana. Aluch interested in promoting the cause
of temperance, during his residence in Montana
he was district deputy for the Good Templars
in the southwestern part of the state, where he
organized several lodges and kept things stir-
ring along temperance lines. He is prominent
in religious matters, and is an active member of
!he l'4)isco])al Church. Iiaving erected the first
church of that denomination at Montecito.

^§.^0^.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

The marriage of Mr. Brundage and Miss Hol-
liday occurred in 1859, and ten years later, in
1869, Mrs. Brundage died, leaving four chil-
dren: Mrs. Teffts; Everett, who is an under-
taker at Dillon, Mont.; John, who is a rancher
in Montana; and Mrs. Shaw, who lives near
Sheridan, Mont. In 1873 Mr. Brundage mar-
ried Miss Temple, and of this union there are
three children: Mrs. Dinsmore, of Serena; Wil-
liam, and R. Claire.

the commercial interests of Santa Maria on a
firm and substantial level.

E. T. BRYANT. Among the foremost busi-
ness men of Santa Maria is E. T. Bryant, of the
firm of Bryant & Trott, hardware and imple-
ment merchants. He was born in Anoka county,
Minn., in 1857, a son of F. M. and Abigail
(Trott) Bryant, natives of Maine. The father,
a farmer by occupation, removed to the west
when his son was yet very young, and remained
" for a couple of years in Nevada, then residing
the same length of time in Napa county, Cal.,
and in 1869 taking up his permanent abode in
Santa Barbara county. He was one of the first
settlers to locate in the vicinity of what is now
Santa Maria, his claim being three miles from
the town, where he conducted farming enter-
prises up to the time of his death in 1873. He
IS survived by his wife, who is still enjoying
good health, and is in the possession of the
majority of her faculties.

Mr. Bryant had the advantage of his father's
experienced farming near Santa Maria, and he
studied diligently in the public schools. Not
content with livmg a rural existence he decided
to put his business ability to account, and in
time became interested in the hardware trade.
For five years the business was conducted un-
der the firm name of Bell & Bryant, and, when
Mr. Bell sold out in 1892, his stock was appro-
priated by George J. Trott, the firm name being
then changed to Bryant & Trott. The firm
liave a double store on Main street in the hotel
building, and are the leading hardware and agri-
cultural implement merchants in the town.
They carry a complete stock of necessities along
their line, and the courtesy and honesty ob-
served in the conduct of their affairs insure a
continuation of their present large patronage.
Mr. Br>'ant has reaped the reward of his indus-
try in Santa Maria, and owns several town lots
besides a fine residence property. Although no
office seeker he is in favor of the Republican
party, but usually votes for the man best quali-
fied to fill the position. He is fraternally a
member of the Knights of Pythias.

In 1882 Mr. Bryant married Laura Sharpe,
step-daughter of Reuben Hart, and of this union
there are three children. Ruby, Lucile and El-
wood. Mr. Bryant occupies an enviable place
in the community, and is accounted one of the
most worthy of those who have aided in placing

JOHN McCOY WILLIAMS. Though an
unusually young man to have earned such
a distinction, Mr. Williams has the reputa-
tion of knowing more about the practical manu-
facture of beet sugar than any man in the
west, and perhaps in the country. This is
not surprising when it is known that years
ago he mastered every detail of a business des-
tined to assume larger and more comprehen-
sive proportions with every passing year, and
that his brain has unceasingly striven to im-
prove upon prevailing methods and enlarge the
possibilities of his chosen occupation. As gen-
eral superintendent of the American Beet Sugar
Company's factory at Oxnard, he has dem-
onstrated his ability to cope with the large re-
sponsibility and the admirable system in or-
ganization in connection with the handling of
business so interrupted by complete change in
the occupation of those employed. During a
part of the season six hundred men are engaged
in the full operating of the plant, requiring ex-
perienced hands and many more than are often
available. During the repair season, there is a
dropping to less than one-sixth of the former
number of employes, and during this period of
four months the new crop is planted and rip-
ened. The strictest economy and foresight are
called for, as during the planting and ripening
of the beets there is no return financially, and
everything depends upon the working of the
plant and the crop conditions. The factory does
not stand alone in the distinction of making
sugar from the beets, as the history of the busi-
ness shows one-half of the making of the prod-
uct is in the delivery to the factory of a beet
suitable for sugar extraction, containing the
highest percentage with the least amount of
salts, which gives the highest purity and assists
the w'orking of the plant, depending upon well
tilled and cultivated soil.

Mr. Williams has with him as a co-partner in
the great field of the sugar industry, L. Hache.
as general manager of the agricultural depart-
ment, identified with the company's interests in
California. Mr. Hache is a Frenchman, who
has been with the company since the start of
the industry at Chino, and has unlimited experi-
ence and ability, and has succeeded in develop-
ing the growth of the sugar beet, obtaining the
most excellent quality for the manufacture of
sugar. He is a man highly esteemed by all
associated with him.

The operating season is called the "cam-
paign," and rightly so, because it is one where
so much depends upon the careful thought day
and night of those in charge of the various de-
partments, such as mechanical, operating, tech-
nical department, and control, supplies and pro-

440

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

duction, disposition of labor, and the official
assistants, all of which during the repair season
is condensed in one or two departments, the
business (so to speak) putting on a different
coat with more than one pocket during the
operating season of the largest factory in the
world, with a complete extraction process work-
ing exclusively to make white crystallized sugar
from the beet. To cope with the inside work-
ings of such a plant requires a man of broad
gauge. Associated with J. McCoy Williams
in this field of work, in addition to L. Hache, is
Hon. Col. J. A. Duffill, who has entire charge
of buying and selling and providing for the crop
which Mr. Williams works up and delivers. The
distinction gained by Mr. Williams at Norfolk,
Neb., and Chino, Cal., that of making first stand-
ard granulated sugar continuously without re-
melts, is maintained at Oxnard, and the three
gentlemen spoken of identified with the largest
interests of the company, have made a reputation
in their various lines of work.

To fully appreciate the methods pursued and
results achieved at Oxnard a personal inspec-
tion is necessary. One is forced to note the
close proximity of the plant to the town by the
two massive smoke stacks (of seven thousand
horse-power boiler house), which extend to such
a height that they may be seen for miles around.
The buildings are of brick and stone, iron and
cement, and the huge boilers with their accom-
panying machinery are truly wonderful to be-
hold. Two engines of seven hundred and ninety
horse-power are located respectively in the beet
house and sugar department. Although the
process of manufacture is simple in its story of
diffusion, clarification, filtering and graining, yet
one can scarcely realize the study which deter-
mines the working points. You might say from
day to day that some detail is changed by the
complicated, varying character of the beets
grown under different climatic and soil condi-
tions. As these conditions vary often from year
to year, there can be no set rule to determine
the exact workings of such a plant, all of which
requires a thorough diagnosis of the products
and sound judgment to improve the work.

The further one progresses the more inter-
ested one becomes in the beet-sugar culture, as
opportunity is furnished to work out the tech-
nical observations which many chemists have
made their life study. Works on the subject
arc especially to be found in libraries in foreign
countries. In the United States there is still
great opportunity for scientific stufly for further
developing. Sugar from sunbeams, making
this lowly and plebeian beet grow to maturity
which formerly basked so complacently under
California's sun. is not recognized after doing
its turn through the processes from beet .sheds,
where the wagon loads of beets are deposited
by farmers handling the same with lifting nets.

They are now- deposited into V shaped bins
with sluice ways from where the beets
are carried by water to the factory washer, there
to be elevated to the top of the building, drop-
ping continuously into two automatic scales,
weighing one-half ton. Eighty-five tons per
hour are often dropped, ton after ton consecu-
tively, and the capacity of such a plant is that
of two thousand tons of beets a day, and five
hundred wagon loads of four tons each. This
makes one continuous stream of farmers who
may be seen hauling beets from all directions.
The beets delivered from the scales fall on a re-
volving disc in which are arranged movable
boxes set very carefully with corrugated knives,
the blades of which are so particularly filed to
obtain very long, sharply defined strips from the
beets, these strips one-quarter inch in thickness,
ranging about six inches long. To understand
thoroughly, one must see the process. The
beet, full of cells similar to the pores of one's
hands, must be sharply cut to allow the perfect
process of diffusion, which is simply the sugar
leaving the tissues by the continuous circulation
of heated water, for the salts which are more
closely bound up in the tissues diffuse last, the
sugar passing out from sliced beets diffused in
bulk of six tons to tank, by means of fresh water
which is continually added to take the place of
the sweetened water drawn off from each cell,
which is freshly filled until this cell last filled
becomes now exhausted and is ready to be re-
filled. They have made then a complete circuit
of battery, which means twelve cells full, one
filling, one empty, one drawing off juice to sat-
uration. No. 12 becomes finally No. i, and so
on, fresh water having passed through twelve
times. The sugar is then entirely exhausted,
and the pulp removed is used for feeding cattle,
:',nd new slices take the places of the exhausted
ones, and with the varying temperature of the
battery as the water, lastly juice passes contin-
ually from one cell on to the next through the
reheaters, one can readily understand how this
is correctly named the "pilot house". of the proc-
ess.

Much depends upon the com])lete extraction
of the sugar with a minimum amount of loss and
as little salts as possible, which is entirely con-
trolled by the condition of the knives and the
well-regulated temperature of the battery. The
juice, is then drawn off to the saturation,' where
it is limed at once and carbonic acid precipi-
tates the carbonated lime, and separation of the
lime from the clear juice takes place in the filter
presses, where the juice runs through the jute
dotlis placed over a closed frame with perfora-
tions to allow the juice (after passing through
the pores) to flow separate from the lime into
the next process, the lime remaining in the open
frame, held back by the cloth. The juice is now
in a clear amber state, ready for the second

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

441

defecation, with lime and a more complete filtra-
tion through the fine pores of duck filter cloth.
From this point the juice is brought through
the sulphur sl^ower, which brings the juice
down to the required lime alkalinity, which it
has been carrying in excess on account of the
thorough saturating for defecating and com-
plete filtration, and before the juice goes to the
evaporator, where it is brought to a heavier
density, and from there to the vacuum pans,
where graining takes place. The juice has to be
very clearly filtered and brought to almost neu-
trality. At this point, after graining, the juice
(in the form of fillmass) (better understood as
crystals surrounded by adhering syrups) must
now be separated by centrifugal force, and the
machines running eleven hundred revolutions
per minute throw the syrup out through the per-
forations of the screen, showing almost instanth
the clearing up of the dark mass to a light amber
color, with the addition of a watering pot full
of water thus giving a clear white sugar. The
syrups, having left the mass, are taken back and
treated and again enter the process, being made
into one standard granulated sugar, of which we
find the granulators take a prominent part in
the drying of the sugar. They are arranged so
as to have a current of hot air passing through
the cylinder as the sugar falls back and forth in
a cloud like a heavv snow storm. It dries each
crystal separate and sparkling, and reaches the
sacks perfectly cool and ready for use. From five
to seven thousand bags of granulated sugar,
of one hundred pounds each, are turned out
daily.

The average person, whose relation to the
beet-sugar industry is only indirect, does not
realize the intense life, the eternal vigilance and
careful planning required in every department.
The product of Chino demonstrated that beet
sugar can be made equal to the standard of re-
fined cane. The success at Oxnard has been
even more pronounced, and experts have failed
to distinguish between the Oxnard beet sugar
and the standard quality of refined cane.

The factory is now consuming from fifteen
hundred to two thousand tons of beets daily.
This depends upon the richness of the beets,
the standard being tb.at of two thousand tons
for a fifteen per cent beet. For each increase in
percentage means one hundred tons less than
the standard capacity, and at one time has
worked as many as twenty-four hundred tons
of beets daily, and is now turning out several
hundred bags of dry granulated per day above
the stated capacity reached at the sugar end
of five thousand bags. This is eminently satis-
factory to the men who have built up the in-
dustry, but it is no Jess so to the men who look
after the details, and who are held responsible
for the successful operation of the plant. The
personal satisfaction that comes from a contract

well filled belongs to many men at the factory,
who have counted the labor of days and nights
as nothing if success could be achieved.

With the commencing of sugar making in
J 902, B. O. Sprague assumed the duties of first
assistant superintendent under J. McCoy Wil-
liams, the post held by Mr. Arendt, now super-
intendent at Loveland, Colo. Mr. Sprague will
have active charge of the day working of the
factory, and outline the work in general for the
entire operating of the plant under direction of
J. McCoy Williams, whose position is becoming
more general as the many departments of the
plant demand attention in their increased pro-
portion and call for strict economy as the policy
of one of the largest, if not 1he largest, estab-
lishments of its kind in the world. Mr. Sprague
has been with the company here since the build-
ing of the factory. He is a nephew of H. T.
O.xnard, and has always been identified with the
sugar business. Mr. Sprague understands his
work thoroug-hly and has the confidence of his
superiors. He has earned his promotion by at-
tention to business at whatever post he has been
assigned, which means at practically every sta-
tion in the big mill.

W. J. Wayte. an engineer of renown and abil-
ity, has recently entered the employ of the
American Beet Sugar Company as consult-
ing engineer. The sunerintendents in charg^e
of onerating-, and Engineer J- Sailer, of long
practical experience at Chino and Oxnard,
make a Ftrongr combination of earnest and faith-
ful workers in the ooerating department.

In repard to Mr. Williams and his connection
with the beet-suear industry, we quote the fol-
lowing from the Chino Valley Champion.

'■The
bppts r

prior to this year CISSPl has he»n
are familiar with the work of the last campaien at the fac'orv
in Chino. however, know It to be a verity. This result is the
outeome of the technical efforts of Suoerintendent J. McCoy
Williams. To the sciertiflc sugar world this means an in-
creased yield, as the success of working lower products into
first quality of granulated sugar has not been accomplished
before in the states, and possibly such success for a whole
campaign, without making part of the syrups into raw sugar,
is unknown In the sugar world. By this means the factory
operates without unkrown losses, and may still place on the
market direct granulated sugar, all of a superior grade. • • •
We take pleasure in congratulating Mr. Williams, an Ameri-
can superintendent, on having perfected the new system of
treating the juices in process, which we understand differs
technically in many details from any ever before used. Mr.
Williams is a liberal thinker, active in all departments, and
estecially popular among the workingmen, who highly esteem

John McCoy Williams was bom in Brooklyn,
X. Y., in 1870, a son of Edward F. and Ella j\I.
(Miller) Williams, natives of Providence, R. I.
For many years his father was interested in
the wholesale woolen business, and was associ-
ated with the firms of A. L. Libby & Co., A. D.
Julyard & Co., and Catlin & Co., being in charge
of their mills from time to time. Since his
death, which occurred in 1899. his wife has con-
timicd to live in Brooklvn. He was a descend-

442

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ant of Roger Williams, the founder of Provi-
dence plantation, now known as the state of
Rhode Island. By him the religious liberty
which now characterizes the American people
was advocated in all of its fullness, and for this
benefit to the human race his name deserves to
be held in everlasting remembrance. He pre-
ferred religious liberty among the wilds of
America to absolute submission to the cere-
monies of the English church as then pre-
scribed by law. Accompanied by his wife, he
sailed from Bristol, England, and after a voyage
of sixty days arrived at Boston, February 5,
1631. He died in Providence in 1683. Integ-
rity, undaunted courage and prompt decision
marked all his conduct. Every man, of what-
ever clime or color, he regarded as a brother.
In all the relations of domestic and social life,
his conduct was most exemplary; and over his
whole course his piety shed a hallowed luster.
He was the first person in modern Christendom
to assert in its plenitude the doctrine of the
liberty of the conscience and the equality of
opinions before the law. Borrowing the rhet-
oric employed by his antagonist in derision, we
may compare him to the lark, the pleasant bird
of the peaceful summer, that, "afifecting to soar
aloft, springs upward from the ground, takes
his rise from pole to tree," and at last, surmount-
ing the highest hills, utters his clear carols
through the skies of morning.

Daniel, son of Roger Williams, married Re-
becca Power, by whom he had seven children.
Among them was Pelig, St., who had seven chil-
dren by his marriage to Elizabeth Carpenter.
Pelig, Jr., had eight children by his wife, Mary
Sheldon. The next generation was represented
by Caleb Williams, who married Rachel Barton.
Their son, Edward Sheldon Williams, married
Susan Foster, and had five children, among
them being Edward Foster Williams, who mar-
ried Ella Eudora Miller, and had five children.
Of the seventh generation, Edward Foster Wil-
liams was in late life the closest if not the only
direct male descendant living, and he has left
the three sons, also one grandson, Roger Wil-
liams, the latter representing the ninth genera-
tion from the original founder in America.

Not only is John McCoy Williams a direct
descendant of Roger Williams through his
father, but also on his mother's side. The May-
fiow-er brought over some of his maternal ances-
tors, and later history recorded the arrival of
the ship Lyon with Roger Williams and his fol-
lowers, seeking freedom of thought, which is
a characteristic of the states to-day. The young-
est son of Roger Williams was Joseph, who
married Lydia, daughter of Thomas Olney, Sr.
Their son, Joseph, Jr., married Lydia Harring-
ton. The next generation was represented by
Jeremiah, who married Abigail Mathewson. Jo-
seph, son of Jeremiah, married Hannah Paine

and had four children, viz: Hannah, Mrs. Wil-
liam Woodward; Mrs. Rebecca Alger; Mrs.
Sally Miller, and Joseph. Mrs. Sally Miller had
seven children, namely: Pardftn, Joseph W.,
Edward Franklin, Sampson, Ephraim, Barton
and Cornelius. Edward Franklin Miller and
Louisa Hitchcock had nine children, viz.: Henr>-
I'ranklin, who married Frances Virginia Child;
Luke Hitchcock, who married Caroline Amelia
Whipple; Edward Franklin, who married Fran-
ces Caroline Starkweather; Charlotte Hitch-
cock, who died young; Charlotte Hitchcock
(the second of that name), who married Oren
Aldrich Ballon ; Louisa, who became the wife of
Sylvanus Tingley; George Washington, whose
first wife was Harriet Ada Perkins, and his sec-
ond Caroline Eliza Harlowe; Lewis Jencks,
who married Jennie ^McDonald; and Ella Eu-
dora, who became the wife of Edward Foster
Williams. To the marriage of Edward F. and
Ella E. Williams there were born five children,
viz.: Edward Miller, who died young; John
McCoy, of Oxnard, Cal.; Augustus Libby,
Roger and Louise Miller. Of these children the
second son, John iMcC, married Lilian Cuthbert
Hamilton, by whom he has a son, Roger, who
represents the ninth generation of the family in
.America, on the father's side, and the tenth
generation on the mother's side.

John McCoy Williams was educated at the
Summit Military Academy and High School of
Boston, after which he took a special course in
Harvard College, preparing himself for his life
work and study. He entered the employ of the
American Beet Sugar Company at Norfolk,
Xeb., first as chemist and later as foreman,
graduating through the various departments of
their plant until he became superintendent.
I->om there he was transferred to Chino, Cal.,
as superintendent. When the factory at Ox-
nard entered upon its second season he assumed
its supervision. He has now entire charge of
everything connected with the manufacturing
department of the establishment, and has taken
a prominent part in the general organization
and aflfairs of the company. Endowed with in-
herited determination and decision, he has had •
opportunity to develop the same and has aided
in the general development of the beet-sugar in-
dustry through many channels. Fair treatment
and a wide knowledge of human nature have
won for him the friendship of the many who are
nnUually interested with him in the success of
the business, and a feeling of kindliness and
good-will pervades all depaVtments of the giant
concern. His discernment has suggested manv
improvements in the construction of the factory,
over those formerly employed at Norfolk, Neb.,
and Chino, Cal. .\s previously mentioned, he
was the first man in the Um'ted States to suc-
cessfully produce white sugar by perfecting and
treating the lower products and' mixing back to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

443

obtain one standard of sugar; and was the first
successful, if not the first superintendent in the
United States.

The wife of John McCoy Wilhams was LiHan
Cuthbert Hamihon, of New York, daughter of
James G. Hamihon, who has been a prominent
member of the Stock Exchange for the last
twenty years, and, with his brother, C. K. Ham-
ilton, was an original promoter of the beet-
sugar industry. They were direct descendants
of a great historical family of English and Scot-
tish origin, dating as far back as the Earl of
Leicester, 1190, a family of strong character,
determination and integrity; and on the
mother's side the well-known Virginia family
of Cuthberts, much beloved and esteemed. The
Hamilton brothers formed a connection with
the Oxnards, who were identified with sugar-
making in the east in the early days of the Ful-
ton refinery in Brooklyn. The latter, with their
wide and varied experience of years in the sugar
business, together with Hamilton, made a com-
bination of experience and capital, with the sup-
port of the Messrs. Cutting, of New York, men
of financial standing and broad and liberal
backers. Henry T. Oxnard and James G. Ham-
ilton have held very prominent positions in the
political world in protecting the industry, and
are conspicuously identified with the American
Beet Sugar Association of the United States
and especially the California interests. Their
efforts have been recognized and they will long
be honored as pioneers of a most important in-
dustry. As a res'ult of their labors, the Norfolk
plant was followed by the building of the Grand
Island factory in 1890, the Chino factory in
1890, Oxnard in 1898, and Rocky Ford, Colo.,
in 1900. Two years ago the consolidation of
these factories took place and the American
Beet Sugar Company was formed. With just
protection, they will continue to build factories
and enrich communities, of which we need no
better example than is furnished by Oxnard,
Cal. Mr. Hamilton, although not identified with
the immediate course of operating, is secretary
of the American Beet Sugar Company and a
stockholder in the same. As son, Ernest C.
Hamilton, superintendent of Chino, and son-in-
law, J. McCoy Williams, superintendent of Ox-
nard, are both in ctificial capacities as directing
the affairs of the works in California. Augustus
L. Williams, a brother of J. McCoy, was born in
Summit, N. J., and educated in Stevens College,
and is now one of the assistant superintendents
at Oxnard. In 1900 he married Elsie Griswold
Ely, of Brooklyn, N. Y., member of the promi-
nent old Ely family of Connecticut. A younger
brother, Roger Williams, is connected with the
industry at Loveland, Colo., and married Miss
Edith Woodruff, daughter of Colonel Woodruff,
of San Francisco, formerly located on Gov-
ernor's Island, New York. 'A sister, Louise M.

Williams, possessing great personality of char-
acter, is prominently recognized in society cir-
cles in Boston and New York, and is interested
in the orders of Colonial Dames and Daughters
of the American Revolution.

There is one grandson, Roger Williams, son
of J. McCoy Williams.

L. HACHE. The succident beet has long
held its own as an important member of the
vegetable kingdom, and as a sugar producer its
claims for recognition are of long standing, but
it has remained for Southern California to de-
velop to the full the really valuable sweetness
of this particular growth, and to place its merits
substantially before the world. That any one
man should devote his entire time for ten years
or more to the study of any one vegetable, to
exhaustively inquire into its habits, the soil in
which it is best fostered and grown to maturity,
and the cultivation requisite for its best inter-
ests, would strike the unthinking as odd Yet
so great is the demand for sugar production,
and so great the care required for proper devel-
opment, that the once humble beet may be said
to now be the aristocrat among its fellows and
to have withdrawn into an exclusiveness remote
from its plebeian former associates, the onion,
parsnip and others in the same grade of vegeta-
ble society.

If an authority on beets exists in the country,
it is embodied in Mr. Hache, who devotes his
entire time to a study of the peculiarities and
possibilities of the beet. For ten years this ear-
nest student has been superintendent of the agri-
cultural department of the American Beet Sugar
Company, at Grand Island, Oxnard and Chino,
with headquarters at Oxnard. He carefully ob-
serves the methods adopted by the beet farmers
of the localities, and has under him four assist-
ants, or field men, whose duty it is to report
weekly concerning the prevailing conditions. In
turn Mr. Hache reports to the head office in
San Francisco, and thus no lax methods are
allowed to creep in, and improvement rather
than deterioration is the result. The com-
pany owns three thousand acres of land at
Oxnard alone, one-third of which is planted in
beets.

To his primary interest in agriculture Mr.
Hache owes his early training in his native land
of France, where he was born in 1856, and
where he lived until 1890. From his boyhood
days he was taught to assist his father on the
home farm, and he eventually engaged in farm-
ing on his own responsibility, with marked suc-
cess. Consequently, upon immigrating to the
United States, he renewed his association with
the work for which he was best fitted by nature
and acquirement, and at once found employ-
ment with the company, who have found his
services of most conspicuous value.

444

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ADOLFO CAMARILLO. The name of
Camarillo carries with it the impression of vast
stretches of land under one ownership, great
agricultural undertakings in the early days of
Ventura county, association with the illustrious
mission fathers, and encounters with the red
men of the plains. From the birth of that oft-
recalled pioneer, Juan Camarillo, which oc-
curred in the City of Mexico in 1812, Cahfornia
was destined to profit by his emigration from his
native land in 1834. As one of a little colony
that started out upon the sea in search of un-
tried lands at Monterey, and that, becoming
tired of winds and waves, moored their craft at
San Diego, continuing their journey by land,
he was filled with hope for a future of realized
dreams.

Departing from his companions at Santa Bar-
bara, he became a trader with the Indians be-
tween San Francisco and San Diego, disposing
of. their wares and receiving currency therefor.
The hospitable mission fathers gave him a room
in which to lodge, and thither came the Indians
and transacted their business. With the funds
thus realized, amounting to $3,000, he embarked
upon a business venture, and opened a store in
Santa Barbara, of which he was one of the first
merchants. Eventually he removed to Ventura,
where he constructed a large adobe house with
twenty rooms, one of the first dwellings in the
town. Gradually many lands came into his pos-
session, and at the time of his death, December
4, 1880, he had a ranch of ten thousand acres at
the head of Pleasant valley, eighteen miles east
of Ventura. In the very early days the Bard
and Camarillo families were on most friendly
terms, and had many business transactions in
common. The enormous ranch was left to his
two sons, Adolfo and Juan E., and his town
property of $40,000 was left to his four daugh-
ters, namely: Adelaida, who is Mrs. A. C. Mor-
aga, of Santa Barbara; Maria, Mrs. Jose de
Arnaz, of Los Angeles; Aldegunda, wife of A.
F. del Campo, of Ventura; and Arcadia, who
married J. J. Mahoney, of San Francisco.

Since "the elder Camarillo's death the ranch
has not been divided, but is occupied and worked
jointly by the two sons. Five thousand acres of
the land are tillable. The principal staples raised
are barley, beets and beans. The Oxnard
branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad runs
through the ranch, and Camarillo station is
about a mile from the residence of each of the
Ijrothers. There is also a good store and post-
office, and the Southern Pacific Milling Com-
pany has a warehouse on the grounds. Each of
the brothers has a separate home, that of Adolfo
having been erected in 1893, and still regarded
as one of the most beautiful homes in Southern
California. Its exterior and interior bear many
traces of the workings of artistic natures, with
a regard for harmony and convenience, accentu-

ated by modern improvements such as gas, hot
and cold water, telephone and call bells. The
liedges and lawns are an example of expert gar-
dening, and the roads are invitingly hard,
smooth and white. The home is presided over
by Mrs. Isabel (Menchaca) Camarillo, who be-
came the wife of Adolfo Camarillo in 1888. They
have four children, Rosa, Eva, Isabel and
Adolfo. In politics J\lr. Camarillo is a Demo-
crat, while in religion, like his ancestors for gen-
erations past, he is a member of the Roman
Catholic Church.

CHARLES S. CLARKE. Descended from
Scotch ancestry, the Clarke family has been rep-
resented in America ever since Colonel Clarke
crossed the ocean in the Mayflower and settled
at Northampton, where his body lies buried.
From that day to this the family has not been
without a representative in Northampton, and
Charles S. Clarke was himself a native of the
liistoric old town. However, he was reared prin-
cipally in Kirkland, Ohio, where his father,
Quartus Clarke, owned and operated a large
mill. During the early '40s he and his brother
Edward settled in Illinois, and there he engaged
in teaching, for which his academic education
had qualified him. Later, on account of ill
health, he went south, and for a time was inter-
ested in a mercantile business in Memphis, Tenn.
About 1848 he settled in Peoria, 111., and began
merchandising, but, deciding that a less confin-
ing occupation would be beneficial to his health,
he disposed of his goods and bought a farm near
Peoria. Eighteen months later he returned to
the city, wliere he remained four years, mean-
lime taking an active part in building the rail-
road (now the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy)
running from Peoria to Ellenwood. A subse-
quent investment coaiprised a farm twenty-two
miles from Peoria, and, settling upon the prop-
erty, he became interested in raising fruits and
general farming products. Meantime he also
owned one of the first distilleries of Peoria, but
after a time turned the business over to his sons,
and they continued to operate the plant until the
death of his son, #harles C. Clarke.

The marriage of Mr. Clarke, in Mentor, Lake
county, Ohio, in 1846, united him with Miss
Melissa M. Randall, a daughter of Elias and
Mindwell (Corning) Randall, natives respec-
tively of Rutland county, Vt., and New Hamp-
shire. Her maternal grandfather, Col. Warren
Corning, a pioneer of Ohio, purchased a large
tract of land in Lake county and afterward sold
it out in town lots, Mentor being established on
the property, ^^'hen a young man, Elias Ran-
dall settled in Mentor and bought the Corning
homestead, where he conducted farm pursuits.
His last days w-erc spent in the home of his
daughter, Mrs. Clarke, in Peoria, 111., and his
death occurred at seventy-seven years. His wif«

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

447

died in the same city at eighty-three years of
age. Both were members of the Christian
Church. Of their seven children, three are liv-
ing, one son, Willard, being a large rancher and
a resident of Los Angeles.

A member of a family of wealth and culture,
Mrs. Clarke was given excellent advantages in
her girlhood and was educated principally in
the Ladies' Seminary at Painesville, Ohio. She
made her home in Mentor until her marriage,
when she left the old familiar surroundings to
accompany her husband to Memphis, Tenn.,
and from there to Illinois in 1849. ^^r many
years she was prominently identified with the
best society of Peoria, and it was a source of
regret to her many friends there when, in 1891,
the ill health of a daughter rendered a change
of climate necessary. Thereupon she came to
Los Angeles and has since made her home at
No. 1124 West Adams street, where, surrounded
by all the comforts which ample means and ar-
tistic tastes render possible, she is passing the
evening of her noble and useful life. Only one
of her children is with her, a daughter, Mary.
The three sons remained in Peoria, where they
have long been prominent citizens and success-
ful financiers. Sumner and Chauncey D. are
both now somewhat retired from active business
cares, although the supervision of their large
investments in Peoria engross much of their
time. The second son, Charles C, who was
head of the distillery and at one time mayor of
Peoria, died in that city September i, 1901. The
eldest daughter, Lucy, is the wife of John K.
Speed, of Memphis, Tenn.

From the time of establishing his residence
in Peoria until his death, which occurred in No-
vember, 1890, Mr. Clarke was interested in the
building up of the city, and many important en-
terprises owed their inception to his public
spirit. His seventy-six years of life were busily,
usefully and happily passed, and he exemplified
in his daily conduct and his large charities the
spirit of Masonry, of which he was a member.
His interest in politics was not active, yet he
kept in touch with matters pertaining to the pub-
lic welfare and cast his ballot with the Repub-
lican party after its organization. Among the
friends of himself and wife were some of the
most influential people of Peoria, their literary
tastes, breadth of knowledge, familiarity with
art and fondness for all that enhances culture
and uplifts the world making them welcomed
guests in the most select circles. Among their
friends was Col. Robert Ingersoll, in whose be-
liefs they thoroughly sympathized and whose
warm friendship remained theirs until death.
Another of their friends was Mrs. Bradley, whose
gifts to Peoria in memory of her husband were
so nmnificent as to attract the attention of the
entire country. Many charitable organizations,
rendered necessary by the rapid growth of the

city, received the benefit of their influence and
personal contributions. The death of Mr. Clarke
and the subsequent removal of his wife to Los
Angeles was a source of. regret to the pioneer
circles of the city, among whose members they
had long been honored and prominent.

A. C. BUFFINGTON. No more courageous
and hopeful pioneer braved the dangers of the
overland trail in 1850 than A. C. BufiSngton,
at present a resident of Los Angeles, and rest-
mg from the ceaseless activity which character-
ized his earlier career in California, and rendered
him one of the most eager developers of the
latent resources of the state. No distinctive
phase of pioneer life, no trials, victories or fail-
ures following upon the footsteps of these fore-
runners of western civilization, but have in-
delibly impressed their lessons upon his strong
personality, and left as their handiwork a typical
representative of the creators of the splendid
harvests and general well-being of the land of
the setting sun.

Although born in Meigs county, Ohio, March
15, 1820, Mr. Buffington was reared on Bufifing-
ton Island, W. Va. This island, then one hun-
dred and sixty acres in extent, but now a little
larger, was the possession of the paternal grand-
father, Joel Buffington, who spent the greater
part of his life on it, and eventually died there.
His son, Joseph, the father of A. C., was born
in Hampshire county, Va., and subsequently
came into the ownership of BufEngton Island,
which he devoted to farming and stock-raising.
The first keel boat on the Ohio river was oper-
ated by him, and he navigated the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers for several years. About 1837
he removed to Iowa (then known as Black
Hawk's purchase), and located upon a farm near
Wapello, Louisa county, where he engaged in
farming until his death. His wife, Chloe (Har-
\ey) Buffington, was born in Baltimore, Md., a
daughter of William Harvey, a native of Eng-
land, and later a resident of Baltimore, from
which city he removed to the farm upon which
he died in Virginia. Mrs. Buffington, who died
in Iowa, was the mother of thirteen children,
and all grew to maturity. Her youngest son.
A. C, at the age of over eighty-one years, is
now the only surviving member of the family,
although the others lived to a good old age.

In his youth Mr. Buffington learned to farm
on Buffington Island, and his education was
obtained at the early subscription schools. In
1837 he accompanied the family to Iowa, the
journey being made by wagon through Ohio,
Indiana and Illinois, and they crossedthe Mis-
sissippi river at Burlington. He remamed on
the home farm in Louisa county, Iowa, until
twenty-three years old, and assisted in breaking
the crude land and developing its hidden rich-
ness. As an independent venture he took up a

448

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

farm at Pella, Marion county, Iowa, which lie
sold in 1S46 to the first Holland settlers of the
neighborhood. Another farm improved by him
was in the vicinity of Oskaloosa, Iowa, and
upon this he lived until he came to California
in 1850. In the spring of 1850 a crowd started
across the plains with ox-teams, going up the
Platte on the north side, crossing the Sweet-
water and on to Salt Lake City, where Mr. Buf-
fington saw and heard Brigham Young. They
then continued their journey by way of the
Humboldt and Carson rivers, and came down
Bear river to Sacramento, the trip having con-
sumed five months. On the way they had sev-
eral skirmishes with the Indians, and lost one
man and nearly all of the cattle. Mr. Buffington
at once went to the Rough and Ready mines
en Deer creek, a branch of the Yuba, where
he engaged in placer mining for seven years
with considerable success. He then went to
Marin county and bought a dairy farm, and
for ten years manufactured butter for the San
Francisco market. In 1867 he located in San
Luis Obispo county, between Cambria and
Cayucos, originally owning six hundred and
forty acres, to which he added until he had two
thousand acres. This fine property was devoted
to the dairy and stock-raising business for fif-
teen years, after which he settled in Orange
county, near Newport Corners, and bought an-
other farm. Two years later, in 1884, he re-
moved to Los Angeles and built a fine residence
on the University addition, in wdiich he lived
for a time, and afterwards settled upon a farm
of twenty acres near Burbank. Eventually he
permanently settled in Los Angeles, wdiere he
is well and favorably known, and has taken a
prominent part in the city's growth and pros-
perity. He still owns twelve hundred acres of
land in San Luis Obispo county, and his farm
near Burbank.

Mr. Buffington was married in Louisa county,
Iowa, to Amanda Layton. a native of Ohio, and
who died in Marin county, Cal. She was the
mother of ten children: Ceres, who became Mrs.
Osgood, died in Marin county, Cal.; Ruth, who
is now Mrs. KufTel, lives in San Bernardino;
Marrietta, who is now Mrs. Hill, resides in San
Luis Obispo county; Martha, who is Mrs.
Fletcher, lives in Kern county; Quincy, who is
a dairy rancher, lives in San Luis Obispo
county; Louisa died in Marin county when
quite young; Isabella also died young; Amanda
died in Marin county before attaining her ma-
jority; Anne E. became Mrs. Everett, and died
in San Luis Obispo county; and Amelia died
in infancy. A second marriage was contracted
by Mr. Buffington in Marin county, Cal., with
Mary E. Chamberlain, who was born in Idaho
(where the old Oregon trail crossed the Snake
river), where her parents stopped temporarily
on their journey to join the pioneers of Oregon.

Her father, Aaron Chamberlain, was murdered
in 1849 while returning with considerable
money from San Francisco. His watch was
recovered by his widow many years later in
Oregon and she wore it till her death in San
Jose, Cal. Of the second marriage of Mr. Buf-
fington there were twelve children, viz.: Grant,
who was killed by the accidental discharge of
his gun while hunting, and who was a student
at the university; Thomas Dick, who is living
in San Luis Obispo county; Winfield Scott, Ida
and Mary, all of whom died in San Luis Obispo
county; Grace, who lives in Los Angeles; Celia,
who died young; Abram, who is deceased;
Charles; Harvey, of San Luis Obispo; Olive
Lay and Lillian Gertrude. Charles, Olive Lay
and Lillian are living at home. Five of the chil-
dren died of diphtheria within eleven days in
San Luis Obispo county.

During the war Mr. Buffington was an Abo-
litionist and Republican, and cast his first pres-
idential vote for John C. Fremont. He is now
a Prohibitionist, and while in Marin county
served on the board of supervisors. While liv-
ing in Iowa he became a member of the Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows, later was noble
grand of Harmony Lodge at Rough and Ready,
and is now a member of Cayucos Lodge No.
•;oo. He is a member of the Church of the Naza-

O. P. COOK. The ranching interests of the
Santa Clara valley are ably represented by Mr.
Cook, who is a man of progressive spirit and
keeps abreast with all the developments made in
agricultural matters in his community. He was
born in Connersville, Ind., February 10, i860,
and grew to manhood on a farm near that place.
On attaining his majority he determined to seek
a livelihood beyond the Rocky mountains. Oc-
tober, 1881, found him in California, his first
location being at Coleta, just west of Santa Bar-
bara, where he leased the Santa Barbara nursery
from Joseph Sexton. At the expiration of seven
years the nursery was transferred to the Sexton
ranch in the Santa Clara valley of the south,
where it was conducted for several years on an
extensive scale. From fifty to seventy-five acres
were in young trees, furnishing both deciduous
and citrus fruit stock. For some years this was
the only nursery in \"entura county and its busi-
ness was large and important.

In 1890 Mr. Cook bought forty-two acres
comprising a part of the Kile ranchnear Mont-
alvo. Resuming the nursery business in his new^
location, he set out forty acres in nursery stock.
For ten years he continued in the same indus-
try, but in 1900. deciding another venture would
prove more profitable, he took out his trees and
began to raise Lima beans, with sixteen inches
of rainfall, crops averaging one ton to the acre.
In addition to the cultivation of his own land, he

^CL^^JJ^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

451

has leased the Truesdale ranch, which gives him
control of one hundred and sixty acres. It has
been his aim to maintain a high class of im-
provements on his ranch, which he is ambitious
to bring to an ideal state of cultivation. Its
value is improved by a well three hundred feet
deep, which supplies the entire neighborhood
with water.

The marriage of Mr. Cook occurred Decem-
ber 30, 1890, and united him with Miss Maude
L. White, of Ventura, Cal. When a mere child
she was orphaned by the death of her parents,
Benjamin and Margaret White, natives respec-
tively of Virginia and Kentucky. In religion
she is connected with the Methodist Episcopal
Church South, while fraternally she is an active
worker in the Rebekah Lodge, to which Mr.
Cook also belongs, as he does also to Ventura
Lodge No. 201, I. O. O. F. In politics he has
been a lifelong adherent to the principles of the
Republican party, and is in thorough sympathy
with its doctrines. For individuals and for the
government as well, he believes in the policy of
expansion. When he came to California it was
with no means or friends, but through his per-
severing industry for twenty or more years he
has risen to a position of honor among the peo-
ple of Ventura county.

MRS. MARY A. ASHLEY. To enumerate
the many enterprises in Santa Barbara which
have been started and placed on a substantial
footing by Mrs. Mary A. Ashley, and to de-
servedly credit her with the forethought and
business ability so readily recognized by those
who are familiar with her undertakings, is to
follow the untiring steps of a woman animated
by the most kindly and humanitarian motives,
and gifted with a knowledge of what is needful
in a large city to insure comparative comfort
in illness, pleasure and profit in health, and sani-
tary conditions for people in whatsoever walk
of life.

The traditions of her people and the early
surrounding influences of her life were such as
to inspire Mrs. Ashley with broad ideas of exist-
ence. Born into the Morrille family January 5,
1819, at Sutton, Caledonia county, Vt., she is
of French and English descent. Her father, Dr.
Jacob C. Morrille, was a graduate physician,
and was a native of Runnymede, N. H. For
many years he engaged in practice in Sutton,
Vt., but in 1837 located in Hennepin, Putnam
county, 111., and later in Magnolia, 111. In those
early days the claims of civilization were not
exorbitant among the pioneers, many crude
customs prevailed, which would hardly come
up to the expectations of the disciples of medi-
cine at the present time. For his medical ser-
vices in Vermont, Dr. Morrille received as
remuneration all manner of produce, sheep, cat-
tle, maple sugar and wool, having indeed little

use for money, except for the tax collector and
the United States government, which disposed
of profits to the extent of twenty-five cents for
a single postage stamp. There were no matches,
and on every hearth was kept a continual fire.
The life of this pioneer physician was bright-
ened by the companionship of his wife, formerly
Mai'y Baker, who was born in Westminster,
Mass., a daughter of John Baker, also of Massa-
chusetts, and in later life was owner of a carding
and woolen mill at Barre, Vt. Mrs. Morrille,
who came to California in 1870, and died in 1881
at the age of eighty-five years, was the mother
of three children, all girls of whom Mrs. Ash-
ley is the only one living.

The education of Mary A. Morrille was ac-
quired at Lyndon Academy in Vermont, and at
the age of twenty years she came to Illinois.
The journey thence was accomplished in a rather
tedious way, and quite at variance with present
day methods of transportation. November ist
the family started by stage to Montpelier, then
by stage to Burlington, by steamer to White
Hall, to BulTalo by way of the canal, and by
steamer to Cleveland. An intention to reach
the Ohio river by way of the Ohio canal was
frustrated, owing to tlie fact that the canal was
frozen over, and they were therefore obliged to
finish the route to Illinois by stage to Ohio,
.steamer to St. Louis, then up the Illinois river
to Hennepin, the head of navigation. One won-
ders how a Wall street speculator would like to
spend his time g-lobe circling at this rate of
speed.

The marriage of Miss Morrille and Dr. James
B. Ashley occurred at Hennepin, June 12, 1839.
Dr. Ashley was born in Windsor county, Vt., a
son of Jonathan Ashley, who was a native of
Massachusetts, and one of the first settlers of
Barnard, Vt. He was a farmer by occupation,
and married a Miss Osborn, who was born in
\'ermont. Dr. Ashley was educated at Dart-
mouth and Castleton Medical School from
which he in due time graduated. In 1839 he
located in Ilhnois, and resided in Magnolia, Put-
nam county, and in Livingston county, owning
nearly two sections of land. He lived in Mag-
nolia until coming to California. Owing to fail-
ing health he removed to Santa Barbara in 1869,
where he built a residence, bought land, loaned
money, and lived in the enjoyment of his beauti-
ful adopted town until his death, January 28,
1876, at the age of three score and ten years.
He was a Republican in politics, a physician of
ability, and a man of high moral standing in the
communities in which he lived.

Since her husband's death Mrs. Ashley has
continued to live in Santa Barbara, her time
more than occupied with the management of her
jjroperty, of which she possesses a considerable
amount, and in the prosecution of those philan-
thropic enterprises for which she is so well

452

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

known. She is a spiritualist in religion, and a
Republican in politics. About thirteen years
ago her fertile brain evolved the project of
building the Cottage Hospital, which, without
her, would never have been the city pride and
model institution that it is to-day. She organ-
ized some of the women of Santa Barbara into
a hospital association of which she was made
president, and which position she continued to
hold for ten years, or until the then erected
nistitution was self-sustaining. By means of en-
tertainments and other devices, general interest
and donations from those who thoroughly sym-
pathized with her in her work, the money was
laised, and the erection began. To-day the Cot-
tage Hospital has a reputation all over the state,
and has no superior in its equipment and gen-
eral management. Another improvement in the
city directly traceable to the energy and execu-
tive ability of Mrs. Ashley is the city library, for
which she had long felt a necessity, and which
she ardently worked to institute and maintain.
Numerous other undertakings of equal merit
and equal universal utility are also the result of
her insight and practicability, and it is conceded
that her accomplishments in this California town
are of the most substantial and lasting kind.

DON CASPAR ORENA. The life which
this narrative sketches began in the pueblo de
Orefia, province Sautander, Spain. The home
in which the boyhood years of the Spanish
youth v.-ere passed was one typical of old-world
civilization, culture and refinement. The father,
Don Lorenzo de Oreha, was a merchant of
Cadiz and a captain in the Spanish army during
the Napoleonic era. The mother. Dona Maria
(le Escandon de la Guerra, was a daughter of
Juan de la Guerra, a wealthy Spaniard whose
life was one of leisure and of participation in
the larger movements where the arts and
sciences reign and culture abounds.

When only sixteen years of age Don Caspar
Orena began a life of travel and adventure. A
sailing vessel bound from Cadiz for New York
had him as a passenger, and from New York he
went to Boston, where he boarded the ship
Delaware for the Sandwich Islands, via Cape
Horn. In five months the islands were reached,
and three months later he boarded a ship bound
for Monterey, Cal. In this way, while a mere
lad, he gained a broad knowledge of men and
countries that has since proved helpful to him.
The fall of 1840 found him in Santa Barbara,
where for a time he visited an uncle. At the
suggestion of his uncle he secured a clerkship
with a large mercantile establishment in Mexico,
but the climate proved unhealthful and he re-
turned to Santa Barbara in two and one-half
years. His next employment was as super-
cargo of the barque Guipuzcoana, owned by Don
Jose Antonio Aguirre, and for about five years

he was engaged in trading between California
and South American ports, carrying hides and
tallow^ south and returning with a cargo of mer-
chandise. When gold was discovered in Cali-
fornia, the Don sold his vessel, and Mr. Orefia
engaged in trading on his own account. In
1852 he bought the Rancho de la Espada at
Point Conception, comprising fifteen thousand
acres, and this land he stocked with cattle, an
enterprise that brought him large returns in
subsequent years. Meantime other ranches
were added to his property, including San Julian
ranch of forty-eight thousand acres, which he
had bought from the estate of Don Jose de la
Guerra. Indeed at one time his landed posses-
sions aggregated fifty leagues and the brands he
adopted were to be seen on cattle throughout
that entire country. His herds constantly in-
creased, and the prudent oversight of the busi-
ness brought excellent financial returns.

Hard times came and his losses were heavy,
but he has managed his affairs so that he has
gained a competency. Though since 1887 }iir.
Oreha has made San Francisco his home princi-
pally, his interests in Southern California are so
great that necessarily much of his time is spent
in this part of the state. Included in his posses-
sions are twenty-five residences which he built
in Los Angeles, betw-een Sixth and Seventh,
Hope and Flower streets; an entire block of
business houses on State street, Santa Barbara;
ranches in Ventura and San Luis Obispo coun-
ties; Los Alamos rancho, Santa Barbara county,
comprising five thousand acres; and Cuyama
Rancho No. i, aggregating twenty-two thou-
sand acres, in San Luis Obispo and Santa Bar-
bara counties; besides various other valuable
properties in Southern California. In the man-
agement of all of this property he is ably assisted
by his sons. The eldest son, Leopoldo de
Oreha, was, until his death in 1900, manager of
his father's large business interests in Santa
Barbara. The second son, Dario, is now super-
intendent of the ranch here; Orestes is an at-
torney in San Francisco, while Arthur superin-
tends his father's Santa Barbara interests. A
daughter, Anita, died at twenty-four years of
age; Serena Rosa is the wife of'Wm. De Koch,
of San Francisco, and Acacia T., the youngest
of the family, resides with her father at No. 779
Geary street, San Francisco. Mr. Oreha's wife,
whom he married in 1854, was Senorita Maria
Antonia de la Guerra, datjghter of Capt. Don
Jose Antonio de la Guerra.

Notwithstanding the accident of birth in a
foreign country and of foreign parentage, Don
Caspar Oreha is a patriotic .American, intensely
loyal to the country of his adoption, and a firm
believer in the perpetuity of our national institu-
tions, over which the stars and stripes shall for-
ever float. In his political preference, he is a
Democrat. It has never been his desire to oc-

HISTORICAL, ANDi BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

453

cupy public office, and the only position he ever
accepted was that of supervisor of Santa Bar-
bara county, in which capacity he served for six
years. During all of this time he refused to ac-
cept any remuneration for his services, it being
his desire that he might donate, gratuitously,
to his country whatever of help it was possible
to give. Personally he possesses the proud
spirit which is his by inheritance from a long
line of aristocratic Spanish ancestors, but with
it are combined a geniality of disposition and
kindness of heart that have won and retained
the friendship of his American associates.

FRANKLIN A. COREY. The foreman of
the Limonera rancho, which is situated near
Santa Paula, Ventura county, came to Califor-
nia in the fall of 1886 from Rockford, III, of
which city he is a native and near which as a
boy he roamed over his grandfather's estate or
assisted in tilling the soil of the farm. His
father, Alonzo Corey, was a native of New York,
but as early as 1828 settled at Edgar, Clark
county, 111., and in 1835 removed to the unde-
veloped regions of Winnebago county, same
state. As the population of the county increased
his land rose in value, and his influence also
became more apparent. A believer in Repub-
lican principles, he was frequently called upon
to occupy positions of local trust, and was a
prominent man in his community.

In Chicago, 111., in 1872, Franklin A. Corey
married Miss Mary Van Sickler, a native of
Canada. In the fall of 1886 he came to the
Pacific coast. Settling in the Santa Clara Valley
of the South, for eleven years he devoted his
attention to raising lima beans, and during part
of that time had four hundred acres planted
in this vegetable. For several years he had
charge of a part of the old Herold rancho, four
hundred acres of which were planted in wal-
nuts. Since coming to California he has made
the raising of walnuts and beans his specialties.
In 1899 he became associated with the Limo-
nera rancho, of which he was made general
foreman in February, 1900, and still continues
in this position.

At this writing Mr. Corey owns two hundred
and fifty bee hives on the Santa Clara river
bottom. In 1897 about six tons of honey were
produced, and during succeeding years the
}ield has also been gratifying. Fearing the
ravages of the frosts, in 1899 he placed five
thousand coal baskets in the company's or-
chards, thirty-seven to an acre, and on cold
nights these were burned, making the entire
orchard from six to ten degrees warmer and
thus escaping the frosts. At this writing the
company has ten thousand baskets on the
ranch. He has learned that "eternal vigilance
is the price of success," so never abates in the
unwearied care given the ranch and neglects

not even the smallest detail. In politics he is
an interested worker in behalf of the Repub-
lican party.

A. M. COX. That neat hostelry in Santa
Alaria, known as the Hart hotel, has an enviable
reputation among traveling men and the general
public as a place where one may comfortably
abide for a day or week and miss nothing from
the conveniences usually to be found only in
larger cities. The proprietor, Mr. Cox, is ever
alert to meet any requirement on the part of
his guests. By his ready tact and accommodat-
ing spirit he wins many friends while catering
to the comforts of his guests.

Mr. Cox is a native of Sarcoxie, Jasper
county. Mo., and was born in 1870. His parents,
A. W. and Mary A. (Powers) Cox, natives, re-
spectively, of Hocking county, Ohio, and Mis-
souri, now reside in Santa Maria, Cal. The
grandfather, Lewis Cox, was a native of Mary-
land, and in early manhood moved to Ohio,
where he married Anna Bradford, a native of
that state. After some time spent upon a farm
in Hocking county he moved to Iowa and set-
tled on a farm in Van Buren county. Still later
he established his home in Clark county. Mo.,
and there his death occurred. Afterward Mrs.
Cox came to California, where she was mar-
ried to Dr. Charles Shaug, a pioneer of Santa
Maria. During March, 1872, her son, A. W.
Cox, arrived in Santa Maria and at once set-
tled on a farm near the town. At this writing
he owns four hundred and forty acres of land,
m^uch of which is under cultivation. A stanch
Republican in politics, he served for four years
as postmaster of Santa Maria, and three times
has been elected county supervisor, in which
office he is still serving. In his family there are
three sons: A. M., A. E. and C. B.

For the greater part A. M. Cox secured his
education in Carthage, Mo., of whose high
school he is a graduate. This education was sup-
plemented by a business course in a college in
Santa Barbara, after which he served as deputy
postmaster at Santa Maria for five years and en-
gaged in the transfer business for three years.
\Vith R. L. Jones as partner, in 1898 he opened
the Hart hotel. After a time he purchased his
partner's interest, and has since been sole pro-
prietor and manager. Under his supervision
the hotel has gained an established reputation
as a first-class house, and is fitted out with
modern conveniences, including sample rooms
and bathrooms. Mr. Cox married Emma,
daughter of George Sharp, engineer of the
Santa Maria waterworks, and they have a son,
Stacy v., a bright and interesting boy.

Progressive in thought and action, Mr. Cox
has stood for the furthering of the best interests
of his town and the encouraging of its enter-
prises. In politics he is a Republican and fra-

454

HISTORICAL AND; BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ternally is associated with the Elks at San Luis
Obispo and the Knights of Pythias at Santa
Maria. He enjoys the respect of those who
know him and is accounted a success in his
chosen occupation.

HON. JOHN CROSS. As one of those
whose financial ability has placed him in touch
with the splendid opportunities of Los Angeles,
Hon. John Cross is recognized as a promoter
of the city's welfare. Like most men who have
risen on their own merit, the youth of Mr. Cross
was not exempt from trial and responsibility,
and he gained his first impressions of life from
the practical surroundings of a farm. A native
of Clarkston, Oakland county, Mich., he was
born October 15, 1842, a son of John and Cath-
erine (Riley) Cross, natives, respectively, of
Somersetshire, England, and New York state.
The first American representative of the family
was the paternal grandfather, George, also born
in Somersetshire, and who, upon immigrating
to America, settled near Syracuse, N. Y. After-
wards he removed to Oakland, Mich., of which
region he was a pioneer, and where he plied his
trade of wheelwright with considerable success;
his last days, however, were spent in Syracuse.
John Cross was a farmer in Michigan, but re-
moved to Ogle county. 111., near Lightsville,
where his death occurred the same year. His
wife, who died when her son John was five
years of age, was the mother of seven children,
three living, John being the youngest.

In 1854 John Cross, tlien twelve years of age,
removed to Ogle county. 111., and settled with
his brother, Philip, on a farm near Lightsville.
The two brothers entered upon a life of cease-
less activity, and, in addition to general farming,
operated a threshing machine all over the
county. Four years afterwards the younger
brother removed to Missouri, the journey from
Tipton to Springfield, a distance of one hun-
dred and eighty-five miles, being accomplished
by stage coach. In Springfield he engaged in
the mercantile business. At the time of seces-
sion he was a member of the state militia, armed
and equipped for service. Upon being ordered
into camp by Governor Jackson, the company
split into two factions according to their sym-
pathies, and the Union boys kept the arms.
Mr. Cross went to St. Louis, and after the com-
pany was recruited he was made captain of
Company M, Fourth Missouri Cavalry, and
participated in the battles of Wilson Creek,
Boonville and Lexington, and then went to
Arkansas in pursuit of Price and Shelby. After
being mustered out at the end of three years,
Mr. Cross was made captain of Company I,
l'"ourtcenth Missouri Cavalry, and from then
on saw constant service, ihirty-two days being
passed in the saddle during Price's raid, during
which time he did not experience the luxury

of taking his clothes off. For the last six
months of the war he was stationed on the
plains in pursuit of the Indians, and was pres-
ent at the Indian council in October of 1865,
held on the present site of Wichita, Kans.

After being mustered out of service in No-
vember of 1865, at Leavenworth, Kans., Mr.
Cross returned to Illinois and engaged in the
mercantile business at Winnebago. In 1869 he
went to Arkansas and became interested in the
hotel at Hot Springs. In 1871 he shifted his
fortunes to Little Rock and started a livery busi-
ness, at the same time receiving the United
States mail contract for four years. This was
the beginning of a stage experience which, from
ihe standpoint of extent and general usefulness,
has few counterparts in the west. The general
knowledge of Mr. Cross and the resources at
his command permitted his entering bids on as
many as fourteen hundred routes at one time,
and he put in lines throughout Arkansas, Mis-
souri, Indian Territory, Kansas, Colorado, Mis-
sissippi and Texas. In Little Rock he con-
structed the first street car line in the town,
completed in 1877, his bid having been chosen
out of three submitted. After completion this
road was operated by him for eight years, and
at the same time built and operated the first
street car line in Lexington, Ky.

Owing to impaired health, Mr. Cross sought
relaxation from his numerous interests ■ and
came to Los Angeles in 1886. Once under the
magic spell of climatic and other inducements,
he disposed of his interests the other side of
the Rockies by telegraph, and with Major Bone-
brake bought the Santa Barbara street car Hne.
Under the stroke of his enterprise the system
was materially enlarged and extended to the
Mission and towards the Cottage Hospital.
After selling this road he built the narrow gauge
Los Angeles & Glendale road, and afterwards,
witii Mr. Kerns and friends, organized the Los
Angeles Terminal Railroad, of which he was
president and general manager, as well as half
owner. The road extended to Pasadena and
Altadena, and was twenty-five miles in extent,
and eventually came into the possession of Mr.
Kerns. Mr. Cross then turned his attention to
the organization of the \'entura & Ojoi Valley
Railroad, between \'entura and Nordhofif, a dis-
tance of eighteen miles, and after placing it on
a paying basis disposed of it to speculators.
Since then he has been working on the construc-
tion of the Sacramento & San Joaquin Railroad,
a standard gauge fifty-two miles long, running
up the Sacramento valley, for which the right
of way has already been secured. Mr. Cross is
the president of the company, and the work of
construction will begin in the fall of 1902. In
addition to other responsibilities, he is interested
in the Pacific Coast United States Mail and Ex-
press Company, and is associated with his

Tr-.J. ^

C^cU.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

457

nephew, A. P. Cross, in the United States mail
service in Dallas, Tex., and Colorado Springs,
besides holding stock in several stage and mail
routes in California, one running between
Amedee and Fort Bidwell, a distance of one
hundred and thirty miles, and one a hundred
miles in length between Alturas and Amedee.
In April, 1902, Mr. Cross organized and incor-
porated the Vallejo, Benicia & Xapa Valley
Railroad Company, which includes the fran-
chises in all three cities, and contemplates con-
necting the same by electric lines. Mr. Cross
is president of the company.

The delightful home of Rlr. Cross, located on
the Loma drive, in Colina park, is presided over
by Mrs. Cross, formerly Laura L. Diver, a
native of Ohio, and whose family settled in
Lewis county. Mo., in 1854. Mrs. Cross had
two brothers in the Civil war; of these Leroy
met his death while fighting for his country,
and Amor attained to the rank of captain. As
a stanch Republican Mr. Cross has -rendered
valuable service to his party in Southern Cali-
fornia, and during 1897 served as a member of
the Legislature from the Seventy-fifth district.
He was chairman of the committee on military
affairs, and though urged to stand for office in
1898, refused on the plea of business cares. He
is prominent in Grand Army of the Republic
affairs, and is a member of the Bartlett Logan
Post of Los Angeles, and during his residence
in Winnebago, 111., was commander of the post
the year after its organization. He is a member
of the California Commandery of the Loyal
Legion. Mr. Cross is possessed of those ster-
ling personal attributes which secure business
success and which win for him also the confi-
dence and good will of all who appreciate his
valuable services in the upbuilding of his
adopted city.

W. T. LUCAS, M. D. The professional for-
tunes of Dr. Lucas have been closely identified
with the history of Santa Maria, for he has wit-
nessed, since coming here October 16, 1879,
the rise in the general interest in the town, the
erection of nearly all the houses and buildings,
and the starting of the enterprises which have
brought it to its present prosperous condition.
In the mean time his skill as a surgeon and phy-
sician has been amply rewarded, and from the
early days up to the present time he has been
confidently consulted by a large portion of the
population, who are rarely disappointed at hi;-
disposition of their cases.

.•\ native of Buchanan county. Mo., Dr. Lucas
was born March i8. 1850, a son of George G.
Lucas, who was born in Ohio and reared in In-
diana, and Sallie (Thomas) Lucas, a native of
Kentucky, and at present living at Madison, Cal.
The father was a farmer by o'ccupation, and in
1864 migrated to Montana, with "prairie schoon-

ers," a hundred head of cattle, and considerable
freight. At the time, W, T., who was but a boy,
rode astride the hurricane deck of a mule. The
family settled in Deer Lodge valley and con-
ducted a butter and cheese dairy 'until 1868,
when they disposed of their interests and re-
moved to near Woodland, Yolo county, Cal,
where the father died in 1899. W. T. Lucas was
educated in the public schools of Woodland, and
in Hesperian College, and for a time taught
school in Yolo and Solano counties. In 1874 he
entered the ^Medical College of the Pacific, ai
San Francisco, from which he was graduated
with honors in the class of 1876. For the fol-
lowing two and a half years he practiced at
Woodland, Yolo county, and while there had
charge of the hospital, and held a professorship
in Flesperian College, after which he took up
his temporary residence in Guadaloupe, Santa
Barbara county. While there he served as
county physician until his removal to Santa
Maria in 1884.

From time to time Dr. Lucas has come into
the possession of considerable property, owning
a quarter-section ranch and various towrv lots
besides the residence property which he pur-
chased in 1887. In Sacramento county, in 1879,
lie married Lulu Maupin, daughter of William
Maupin, who was killed during his sen-ice in the
Civil war. To Dr. and Mrs. Lucas have been
born two children, Lee Forman and Oreon S.
The former, who is twenty-one years of age, has
just finished a course of study in Boone's' Acad-
emy at Berkele)^, and will enter Stanford Univer-
sity, with the intention of preparing for the prac-
tice of medicine. Oreon S., a daughter of eight-
een, is at present in school at Oakland, Cal. Dr.
Lucas is a Democrat in politics, and was a can-
didate for the legislature in 1884, but was de-
feated with the rest of the ticket. He is promi-
nent in fraternal circles, is an enthusiastic Mason
and has the most extensive Masonic librar}- in
Southern California. He is a Master Mason of
the lodge at Guadaloupe, has been a member of
the grand lodge for several years, and belongs
to the San Luis Obispo Chapter No. 62, R. A.
M., and the San Luis Commandery No. 27, K. T.
He was past grand master of the state in 1896-97.
He is also associated with several benevolent
lodges, and is prominent in prOmotirfg the cause
of education.

CAPT. CHARLES C. DE RUDIO. The
genealogy of the de Rudio family is traced
back to the twelfth century, when Hercules
Nosadanus was knighted by Frederick II. and
assumed the title Count Hercules de Rudio.
Three centuries prior to the raising of the fam-
ily to the nobility, a Roman patrician, Hercules,
went to Belluno, Italy, as governor under Otto
the Great, wlio was the great-grandson of Char-
lemagne, and from that time for a period of

458

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

three hundred years his descendants held au-
thority as governors until Hercules was raised
to the title of count. Captain de Rudio's grand-
lather, Hercules, was jurisdisent count under
the empire of .\ustria, and at the time the rev-
olution of 1796 broke out in Italy he declared
himself in favor of the French when the French
troops entered Italy. From that day to this the
family has always been found on the side of
movements for the freedom and independence
of all races. The father, Hercules, was born
in the state of Venice, Italy, in 1792, and
died there in 1874, at the age of eighty-three,
having survived all of his generation. During
the revolution of 183 1 he gave his influence to
the movement, following the example of his
father. There were seven sons and seven
daughters in his family, but only three daugh-
ters are living, while of all the sons Captain
de Rudio alone survives. The title of count has
descended to him, but, titles not being in har-
mony with the spirit of American independ-
ence, he prefers to be known by his military
title of captain. His mother was a daughter of
Count Fortunato de Domini, a colonel in the
Austrian army; she died in 1865 in Italy.

In the ancient city of Belluno, state of Venice,
Italy, Charles Camillo de Rudio was born
August 26, 1832. Taking up professional studies
in 1845, he entered the Austrian Military Acad-
emy of Milan, where he was thoroughly ground-
ed in military tactics and the science of war.
During the revolution of 1848 he joined the
Venetian Legion of the Cacceatori della alpi in
Venice, but left it in March of 1849 in order to
join Garibaldi's Legion in Rome. With that
command he served at the front and in vari
ous sieges. However, the fall of the Roman
Republic and the capture of that city by the
hVcnch forced him into exile, and he traveled
through dififerent European countries. While
in England he was married, in Surry county, to
Miss Eliza Boothe, a member of a very old fam-
ily of Nottingham. Her father. William, was a
son of William Boothe, Sr., both manufacturers
and merchants, while her mother, Jane, who is
now eighty-one years of age, was born in Not-
tingham, her father, John Stuarts, having re-
moved there from Scotland. There were three
brothers and one sister in the Boothe family, the
latter (Mrs. de Rudio) being the only one in
.\merica. Of her marriage to Captain de Rudio
four children were born, namely: Hercules A.,
a graduate of Faribault (Minn.) College and now
n mining cnjrineer in Honduras. Central Amer-
ica: Roma Elizabeth. Mrs. Scott, of Los An-
geles; Italia Louisa, wife of Lieut. S. E. Adair,
of Los Angeles, and Charlotta .America, who
resides with her parents at No. 1034 South
I'igueroa street, Los Angeles.

When the Civil war ODcncd in America Cap-
lain (Ic Rudio ])cgan to be intensely interested

in the struggle, his sympathies from the first
being with the Union in its effort to free the
slaves. He became a member of the Emanci-
pation Society in London, and as soon as pos-
sible crossed the ocean to enlist in the army,
arriving in this country early in 1864. On the
25th of August, that year, he became a mem-
ber of Company A, Seventy-ninth New York
Highlanders, and later was commissioned lieu-
tenant in the Second United States colored
troops. His next assignment was with Com-
pany D at Fort Meyer, Fla., whence he was
ordered to the mouth of the Caloosahatchie to
guard the post at that point. A later transfer
was to Fort Meyer, Fla. There one of the
videttes was captured by the Confederates, but
managed to make his way back to Lieutenant
de Rudio, who made preparations to defend the
depot as long as possible and then, if need be,
destroy it by fire. The next morning the Con-
federates appeared in a mangrove road, three
miles distant. However, they were soon ob-
served to be making a precipitous retreat, the
gunboat Honduras having fortunately made its
appearance. A few days later Lieutenant de
Rudio was complimented upon his tactful con-
duct at the time. He was anxious to participate
in the expedition, but was ordered to remain
at his post with thirty-six men. On the return
of the expedition he was ordered to Fort Meyer,
where he was notified that the port was to be
abandoned and he had been selected to remain,
with a detachment of twenty-five picked men,
for the purpose of destroying the fort after the
troops and the property had been conveyed to
a safe distance, these precautions being taken
on account of the enemy being in the vicinity.
With his men the lieutenant carried out orders,
and then followed the others away. January 5,
1866, he was mustered out at Key West, Fla.
So satisfactory had been his service that General
Newton recommended him for promotion to
captain, but the recommendation was not car-
ried out.

General Grant, while secretary of war ad in-
terim, appointed Lieutenant de Rudio a second
lieutenant in the regular army August 31, 1867,
and the latter reported to his regiment at Louis-
ville, Ky., March following. "Soon afterward
Major-General George H. Thomas selected him
to go to Lebanon. Ky.. with fifty picked
mounted infantry for the purpose of enforcing
the civil rights bills and the revenue laws. He ar-
rested the first Kln-Klux in Kentucky. In April.
1869, he was relieved of these arduous duties
and ordered to Louisville, thence to Atlanta.
Ga., for consolidation with the Sixteenth Infan-
try. April 17 he was on waiting orders, but the
same day received a telegram from the adjutant-
general of the De]>artment of the Cumberland
("General Whippli). ordering him to report with-
(itit delay to his hcad(|uarters. he having been

/.^. 4c^^a-c^^:t-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

461

recommended by General Thomas for transfer
to the cavalry. July 14, 1869, he was assigned
to the Seventh Cavalry, and soon was ordered
to join his new regiment in camp near fort
Hays. From that time until 1889 he partici-
pated in the various campaigns of his regiment,
chiefly in the west. During a part of this time
he was in camp near the present site of Cawker
City, Kans., and on leaving was tendered by the
people of the valley a vote of thanks for his tire-
less services in their behalf, also was presented
with a paper bearing testimony to his labors,
signed by all the citizens. It had been his cus-
tom, whenever new people came there to settle,
to tender them an escort of soldiers as guards
until they had a house built and were in a posi-
tion to defend themselves in case of attack by
the Indians. Stockmen with droves of cattle
were also furnished with escorts.

When the battle of Little Big Horn occurred
Lieutenant de Rudio was cut off from his com-
mand, and his narrow escape from death
brought his name into prominence throughout
the entire country at that time. This battle oc-
curred in Montana June 25 and 26, 1876, the
white forces being under command of General
Custer, lieutenant-colonel of the Seventh United
States cavalry. During the retreat which the
American soldiers were hurriedly making, he
returned for a guidon, and in this way be-
came separated from the command and within
range of the Indian guns. Indeed, had it not
been for a thick growth of shrubbery, he would
have been instantly killed. As he struggled up
the steep south bank of the creek, pulling his
horse up after him, he saw hundreds of Indians,
shooting at the retreating soldiers, who had
crossed the Little Big Horn river and reached
the hills, thus cutting the lieutenant entirely of?
from his comrades. Perceiving that he was lost,
he determined to cut his way through the In-
dians, but, as he prepared to mount, an Indian
fired at h.im. The bullet struck the horse, fol-
lowed by other bullets, which killed the animal.
To save his life the lieutenant made a jump for
the creek, dropped under the bank, just escaping
the balls that he heard whizzing over his head.
The appearance of Captain Bennteen's column
in the distance caused a dispersion of the In-
dians and enabled the lieutenant to seek the
underbrush for hiding. However, his troubles
\ycre by no means over. A record of his hair-
breadth escapes during the night that followed
could not be presented within the limits of our
space. Suffice it to say that his thoughts often
turned to his beloved family, whom in his ex-
tremity he felt he would never again behold:
and with what love and longing his heart dwelt
upon them during the dark hours of the perilous
night only those similarly situated could under-
stand. About three o'clock on the morning of
the 27th he reached the camp of the soldiers and

was safe at last. He later participated in the
famous campaign of the Nez Perces. Septem-
ber 30, 1877, he was promoted to the office of
captain, and participated in all the engagements
and services of his regiment.

At the time of the opening of Oklahoma, in
April, 1889, Captain de Rudio was at Fort Sill.
In 1892 he went to Fort Riley, Kans., and from
August, 1893, until October 5, 1895, was at Fort
Lane and Houston, Te.x. While at Fort Byer,
N. M., he was retired by reason of having
reached the age limit, sixty-four years, the date
of his retirement being August 26, 1896. He
came at once to California, and after eighteen
months in San Diego settled in Los Angeles,
where he has since resided. He is connected
with the Grand Army of the Republic and the
Southern California Association, Loyal Legion.
Since becoming a citizen of the United States
he has been an advocate of Republican princi-
ples, espousing that party as soon as he came
to the country and had studied the principles
for which Abraham Lincoln stood. A brave
defender of our nation's welfare, he represents
the highest type of our adopted citizenship,
courageous and resourceful in war, and public-
spirited and progressive as a private citizen.

THOMAS GAVEN GABBERT. During
the long period of his residence in Ventura
county Mr. Gabbert has been closely identified
with its agricultural interests and has aided in
the development of its material resources. On
coming to California in 1883 he settled at Sati-
coy, and it was not until 1892 that he established
his home near El Rio, where he has since ac-
quired extensive and important interests. .'\
large acreage of his farm is devoted to lima
beans and beets, for which the soil of this local-
ity is admirably adapted. In addition, he is
engaged in grain and stock raising. These
various enterprises, together with the ownership
of some mining interests, combine to make him a
very busy man.

The parents of Mr. Gabbert were Jacob and
Mary Jane Gabbert, natives respectively of Ken-
tucky and Indiana, and for many years resi-
dents of Madison county. Iowa. It was there
that Thomas G. was born, January 11, 1854, and
his early boyhood was passed on the home farm,
his education being secured in the schools of
Winterset and Keokuk, Iowa. At the age of
iwenty-one he started out for himself and since
then he has followed farming and kindred pur-
suits. His first years of independent work were
in Iowa, but since 1883 he has made his home
in California. His attention has been given so
closely to the development of his place that he
has had no leisure for participation in public
affairs. Nevertheless, it is his aim to keep
posted concerning the problems before the na-
tion and to do his duty as a loyal and law-abiding

462

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

citizen. His father was a Republican and he
was trained in the faith of that party, to which
he still adheres. At this writing he holds office
as supervisor of the fifth district of Ventura
county. Fraternally he is connected with the
Masonic order.

In Madison county, Iowa, February 27, 1879,
occurred the marriage of Mr. Gabbert to Miss
Ella Peters, daughter of A. M. and Jane Peters,
who came to California in 1882. To this union
the following-named children were born : Myron
H., John Raymond, Boyd E., Richard Clarence,
Harrv and Thomas Arthur.

COL. RICHARD VARICK DODGE. The
Dodge family traces its lineage to Holland-
Dutch ancestry. Henry Dodge, who was the
son of an officer of the Revolution, was born in
New York state and became a pioneer attorney
of Southern Illinois, but later returned to New
York and died there at the age of thirty-eight
years. During the war of 181 2 he enlisted in
the army and was raised to the rank of colonel.
His son. Rev. Richard Varick Dodge, a native
of Kaskaskia, 111., was the first white child born
in Southern Illinois. He was given exceptional
advantages, and, after graduating from Yale
College, became a minister in the Presbyterian
Church, holding pastorates successively at
Springfield, 111.; Wheeling, W. Va.; Washing-
ton, Pa.; San Francisco, Cal. (1872-79). and
San Diego, where he officiated as pastor of the
First Presbyterian Church until his death, in
February, 1885. During the Civil war he was
commissioned a chaplain of United States vol-
unteers. While living in Springfield, 111., he
married Sarah Ridgely, who was born in Balti-
more, Md., and died at San Diego, Cal., Decem-
ber 6, 1901. When a small child, in 1836, she
accompanied her father, Nicholas Ridgely, to
Springfield, where he became a pioneer banker
and prominent citizen, remaining there until
his death at eighty-seven years. In the family
of Rev. Mr. Dodge and his wife there were five
children, of whom two sons and two daughters
are living. One of the family, John M., is clerk
of the county board of supervisors of San Diego
county. The next to the youngest of the chil-
dren was Richard Varick, Jr., who was born in
Springfield, 111., September 4, 185 1. At the age
of seven years he accompanied his parents to
Wheeling, W. Va., where he attended the pub-
lic schools. His education was continued in
Washington (Pa.) Collecre. now Washington-
JefTerson College. In i86g he entered the em-
ploy of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and for
six months was at work in their shops, after
which he completed the machinist's trade in the
Chicago shops of the Illinois Central road. His
first work on the road was as fireman between
Chicago and Champaign, 111. .^fte^ four years

he was promoted to be locomotive engineer on
the same division.

With the intention of settling upon a ranch,
Mr. Dodge came to San Diego in 1879. How-
ever, his connection with railroading had been
too close to be lightly severed, and we find him
in 1881 again on the road. When the California
Southern was building, he ran the second loco-
motive between San Diego and San Bernardino,
continuing until the washout of February, 1884.
His next venture was in the book and stationery
business with E. M. Burbeck, the firm name
being Dodge & Burbeck. In March, 1894, he
was appointed postmaster by President Cleve-
land, and held the office until March, 1898. On
resigning that office he was appointed secretary
of the Chamber of Commerce. In Mav, 1884,
he became a private in Company B, Seventh
Regiment of Infantry, National Guard of Cali-
fornia, and was promoted until finally he became
captain in March, 1892, and in the latter office
lie continued until he was elected lieutenant-
colonel January 13, 1900. In May, 1898. he was
captain of a company that volunteered for serv-
ice in the Spanish-American war, his commis-
sion as captain being signed by Gov. J. H. Budd.
As captain of Company B he remained until the
regiment was mustered out, December 2, 1898.
after which he returned to San Diego and re-
sumed his duties as secretary of the Chamber
of Commerce. On the Democratic ticket, in
April, 1899, he was elected city treasurer and
tax collector, and at the expiration of a term of
two years was re-elected in April, 1901.

The marriage of Colonel Dodge took place in
Chicago and united him with Miss Marv A.
Millspaugh, who was born in Augusta, 111. Thev
have two sons, Edgar Varick and Richard Var-
ick, Jr. Fraternally Colonel Dodge is captain
and adjutant of the Knights of Pythias, Uniform
Rank, a member of the Foresters of America,
the Fraternal Brotherhood, the California Com-
mandcry of the Loyal Legion, the Veterans of
the National Guard of California, and the Sons
of Veterans, of which last-named he is past cap-
tain. For more than a quarter of a centurv he
has been connected with the Brotherhood of
Locomotive Firemen.

THOMAS H. DUDLEY. In the capacity
of manae-er of the Kinney and Dudley tract.
J\Tr. Dudley is identified with the development
of Southern California, and particularly witli the
advancement of the interests of the region Iving
near Santa Monica, his home citv. He is a mem-
ber of an old English family, a' son of Thomas
Melville Strong Dudley. M.D., and a grandson
of Rev. Willinm Mpson Dudley. A. M.,'who was
vicar of Whitchurch and rrct'or of Laverstoke.
Reared in the par.sonage of Whitchurch. Hamp-
shire, Dr. Dudley suent the greater part of hi-;
active professional life in Leicestershire, where

(^y/^1/i/L^e^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

465

he married Emily Frances Draycott, daughter
of Thomas Draycott, a farmer of that shire.
They became the parents of three daughters and
a son, of whom Thomas H. was next to the old-
est, and is the only one in America. In Leices-
tershire, where he was born October 2, 1867,
he received fair advantages at the Queen Eliza-
beth grammar school; While still quite young
the knowledge he acquired of American life and
customs inspired him with a longing to try his
fortune in the new world. Crossing the ocean
in 1889, he settled in Bakersfield, Cal., where
he carried on a real estate and insurance busi-
ness. From there, in 1896, he removed to Santa
Monica, where he is now a member of the firm
of Kinney & Dudley. After three years in the
insurance and real estate business under the
firm title of Procter & Dudley, in February,
1899, he took charge of the Ocean Park beach
tract, which is now known as the Kinney and
Dudley tract. All of the improvements now
noticeable here represent the work of the ener-
getic manager. The number of cottages has
been increased from fifty to fifteen hundred.
The beach has a frontage of one and one-half
miles on the ocean, thus affording the cottagers
the finest bathing facilities. In the tract there
are three hundred acres of land, through which
streets have been laid and fjnproved. Domestic
water has been secured from wellj owned by
the Kinney & Dudley Water Company, of which
Mr. Dudley is superintendent.

It has been Mr. Dudley's constant aim to
make of the tract one of the favorite resorts of
Southern California. To accomplish this de-
sired result he has spared no pains in securing
improvements of a valuable nature. To furnish
recreation for visitors, golf links, polo grounds
and a race track of three-fourths of a mile have
been laid out, and each year races and polo con-
tests draw large crowds. A fine bowling alley
forms another attraction for those who are fond
of bowling. An indispensable accessory is the
wharf of twelve hundred and fifty feet. By the
granting of bonus and right of way, both the
electric railroad and the Santa Fe railroad have
been brought to the tract.

Since coming to Santa Monica Mr. Dudley
has married Mrs. Mathilda (Brooks) Ryan, who
was born in Brattleboro, Vt. When a boy in
his English home he was reared in the Episcopal
faith and has always adhered to that church.
While living in Bakersfield he was actively con-
nected with Lodge No. 266, B. P. O. E' His
citizenship is broad, progressive and patriotic.
He is an admirer of the American form of gov-
ernment and of our enterprise as a people. Po-
litically his views are stanchlv Democratic, and
he has rendered his party efficient service as a
member of the state central committee and a
delegate to state conventions. In 1900 he was
elected n member of the board of trustees of

Santa Monica, and during his incumbency of
the position has been active as chairman of the
finance committee and member of the railroad
committee. April 8, 1902, Mr. Dudley accepted
the presidency of the Ocean Park Bank, which
position he now fills. The same month he was
elected chairman of the board of trustees of
Santa Monica. The close attention he has given
to his duties as city trustee indicates his interest
in local affairs and the high character of his citi-
zenship. Indeed, it is to such men as he that
Santa Monica owes its high standing among
the ocean resorts of the Pacific coast.

J. HEIN, a successful contractor, and propri-
etor of the Los Angeles Ornamental Brick,
Stone and Cement Paving Company, was born
in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, June 5, 1866.
His father, Jacob, was a native'of the same por-
tion of the empire, and in his native land was a
plaster contractor. During the various strug-
gles in which his country was engaged he val-
iantly upheld the honor of the Fatherland, serv-
ing in the war with Schleswig-Holstein in 1866,
and in the Franco-German war of 1871. With
his wife, formerly Katharine Capito, also of
Hesse-Darmstadt, he is living in Brooklyn, N. Y.
, Of the six children born to them, J. Hein is the
third, and he and his sister are the only members
of the family on the coast.

Lentil his fourteenth year j\Ir. Hein attended
the public schools of Germany, and then served
an apprenticeship as plasterer under his father.
When seventeen "years of age he immigrated to
the United States, locating in Brooklyn, where
he lived and worked at his trade until 1884. In
January of 1885 he was sent to California bv the
United Brass Company of New York, who' had
a large ranch at Highland, and in the manage-
ment of this ranch he remained until 1887, and
helped to build the first ditch at Highland,
known as the Bear Valley Water Company's
ditch. In the fall of 1887 he located in fc*s A'n-
geles and worked at his trade of plastering until
1894, when he branched out into larger activity
as a contractor and builder and cement contrac-
tor. In addition to building many fine resi-
dences and public buildings he has graded and
laid out Mathews, Twenty-fifth, Romeo, Forty-
seventh, Santee and Victoria streets, and Stan-
ton and Magnolia avenues, besides many others
not here mentioned. He is at present putting in
the foundation of the R. B. Williamson house at
Mist Lake, and is engaged upon many sidewalks
and basements and concrete ditches. On a large '
scale also he is manufacturing ornamental brick
and artificial stone on East Seventh street, be-
tween Alameda and Mateo, and has a large and
increasing trade with the largest purchasers of
these materials. His activities also extend to an
interest in the oil business, and he has large
holdings in different companies. He is a mem-

-466

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ber of the Los Angeles Builders' Exchange, and
is prominent in many of the social and other
organizations in the city. A Republican in pol-
itics, he is fraternally associated with the Ma-
sonic Lodge at Los Angeles, No. 42, with the
Red Men, and the Benevolent Protective Order
of Elks. In Los Angeles Mr. Hein married Min-
nie C. Karstens, who was born in Schleswig-
Holstein, and of this union there are four chil-
dren: Edward, Minnie C, John C. and Ruby D.

JOSEPH WRIGHT COOPER. The life
which Uiis narrative sketches began on a farm
near Hopkinsville, Christian county, Ky., June
4, 1826, in the home of John and Elizabeth
(Wright) Cooper, natives respectively of Vir-
ginia and Kentucky. From their Kentucky
home the family moved to Missouri in 1839 and
settled in Howard county, soon after securing
six hundred and forty acres near Rocheport, on
the Monitor river. For a time prosperity re-
warded the tireless labors of the persevering
farmer, but in 1846 reverses came, followed by
the death of the father. This bereavement left
the family without a visible means of support,
and almost penniless. However, they possessed
the stout hearts which are the pioneer's birth-
right and heritage. At first the young man was
employed on a farm for twenty cents a day, after
which he hired land and engaged in farming for
himself. It was about this time that he sav,
his first piece of gold. He had been fortunate
in selling a hog for $12.50 (an unusual price in
those days) and as payment, among other coins,
received a five-dollar gold piece. After admir-
ing the coin for a while, he had it changed to
picayunes (valued at six and one-fourth cents)
and then, going to an old elm log, he spread out
the money in a long continuous row, where, as
he has often said, it looked larger than any sum
of money he has ever since possessed.

Constant toil, with a remuneration that ill
requited his labors, is the record of Mr. Cooper';;
youth. It is not strange, therefore, that thu
news of the discovery of gold in California
awakened within him an ambition to seek his
fortune amid surroundings more hopeful for
future success. Accordingly, in April, 1850,
with his brother-in-law, John Pipes, and a num-
ber of young men, he started across the jjlains.
August 26 of the same year found him in Sac-
ramento, and a week later, with a Missourian.
John B. Hill, he proceeded to Stockton, which
was at the time the headquarters for notorious
gamblers, thieves, and desperadoes, — a town
where a man "carried his life in his hands."
However, being of a steady disposition and
temperate habits. he kept away from the saloons,
and instead sought a means of livelihood. Soon
he was engaged to drive three yoke of oxen,
taking a number of foreigners to the Slani.slaus
river and bringing another party of men back to

Stockton. The trip netted $400, half of which
he retained, the other half going to the owner
of the team as his share of the profits. The
earning of so large a sum of money delighted
the ambitious youth and he continued teaming
in the same way for a time, but later did a gen-
eral freighting business for George Hope. On
the approach of winter, he was persuaded to
give up teaming and go to the mines. Witii a
number of gold-seekers, he drove to the second
crossing of the Calaveras river, where timber
was cut down and a log house built. While the
others were putting up the cabin, he drove the
team back to Stockton, turned it over to its
owner, and walked back to the camp. About
'.he 1st of March, David Pipes, who had been
administrator of the senior Mr. Cooper's estate,
arrived at the camp, and, in a talk with the
young man the same evening, both decided to
return to I\Iissouri, after which they lost no time
in setting out for San Francisco. Three days
later they took passage for New York via
Panama. The ship on which they sailed had
eight hundred passengers and a steerage ticket
cost $275 in gold. Soon after the ship put out
to sea, seasickness attacked the passengers, and
Air. Cooper himself did not escape. Arriving
at Panama, they were obliged to walk to the
Chagres river, and at Gorgona chartered a boat
and hired natives to pull them down the river
to Chagres, where they took passage on the
Prometheus for New York.

May 2, 185 1, Mr. Cooper surprised his brother
and sisters by visiting them. Eleven days later,
with a pony he had purchased, he started for
iioonville, sixteen miles distant. It was his in-
tention to start back to California at once, and
tor this purpose he sought employment of Peters
& McMahon, who were preparing to drive a
llock of sheep to the Pacific coast. For these
men, Mr. Cooper engaged to work at $8 per
month. In a few days all preparations were
completed and the party started with twelve
thousand sheep, which was the first flock of
sheep ever taken across the plains. The march
was very slow, owing to the fact that hundred:-
<if the animals began to have soft feet and v/ere
scarcely able to walk. Each day it became more
and more apparent that California would not be
reached that year with the sheep. Not desiring
to spend so much time on the road, Mr. Cooper,
witli a lawyer, Hiram Mills, and a blacksmith,
.\Ir. Holmes, left the others August 27 and
started alone for Sacramento, thirteen hundred
miles away. During their first day out they met
i;ver a thousand Crow Indians, who proved
friendly. After a few days, three men, Hkewise
Ijound for the far west, joined them, and the two
))arties completed the journey together to Salt
Lake City, where they were joined by nine other
persons, one of them being a woman Mr.
Cooper was chosen captain of the company.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

467

After a series of adventures, none of which
proved serious, Mr. Cooper, accompanied by
Holmes, arrived at Diamond Springs, Placer
county, October 31, 1851. An old acquaintance
from Missouri, meeting him there, oi^ered him
an interest in a mine on the American river, and
thither he proceeded at once. His first week
he averaged $20 a day; the second week, only
$60 for the entire time ; and the third week, only
$20. Discouraged by this poor luck, he returned
to Diamond Springs, and thence walked to
Stockton. After a brief experience in another
mine, he secured work as teamster, at $100 a
month, in which occupation he continued for
ten m.onths, and then bought four yoke of oxen
and a wagon, for which he paid $1,100. In spite
of many obstacles and in the midst of many dis-
couragements, he worked incessantly, and was
rewarded with excellent financial returns. In
the fall of 1853 he paid $800 for a wagon weigh-
ing forty-three hundred pounds, and which re-
quired ten yoke of oxen to draw it. He named
it "The Humboldt." So great was its capacity
that on a trip of one hundred miles, between
Stockton and Milton, Mr. Cooper at one time
took fifteen thousand three hundred and fifteen
pounds of freight. In the fall of 1854 he sold
his team and wagon for $3,000, the purchaser
employing Mr. Cooper as driver for $100 a
month and board.

For the second time Mr. Cooper started back
east. In company with an old friend, Martin
E. Oldham, he took passage for Panama in
October, 1855. It had been agreed that, on
arrival at Aspinwall, if the New Orleans steamer
was not there, they should be allowed to take the
New York steamer, but this privilege was later
denied them, and they were compelled to wait
at Aspinwall for two weeks, when the George
Law arrived, and on it they proceeded to New
Orleans, thence traveling up the Mississippi on
the Etna, and finally Mr. Cooper arrived at his
old Missouri home. Like all who have once
been under the charm of California associations,
he was not, however, satisfied to remain in Mis-
souri, and although he was persuaded to pur-
chase a tract of land in Bates county, Mo., in the
spring of 1857, yet the west had cast its spell
over him, and he was never again to be con-
tented in his eastern home. It is not strange,
under these environments, that he craved an-
other opportunity to come west, and that chance
came to him in April, 1858, when he joined with
his former employer, Colonel Peters, and with
Hubbard Hollister, in a venture to drive sheep
across the plains to California. In their flock
of twelve thousand, six thousand were Spanish
merinos from Ohio, and about a similar number
were good American sheep, while a small num-
ber were Lesters and Southdowns. Including
the three proprietors, there were twenty-two
men in the train, and they took with them

twenty-five horses and mules, and one hundred
head of cattle. About the 1st of July the
journey was begun, the old Santa Fe trail being
followed through New Mexico and Arizona
into Southern California. November loth they
reached Las Vegas. They crossed the Rio
Grande a few miles above Socorro. As they
proceeded, it became more and more evident
ihat they would be compelled, on account of the
condition of the sheep, to remain in the country
for some months. The situation was not attrac-
tive. Around them were Indians, particularly
the fierce and bloodthirsty Apaches. They
called upon the Indian agent. Dr. Miguel Steck,
and stated their difficulties. Acting on his sug-
gestion, they invited nine Indian chiefs to a
feast. The red men accepted the invitation, en-
joyed the feast, and afterward smoked the pipe
of peace. Remarkable as it seems, it is never-
theless a fact that the sheep men remained
among the Indians for eight months, without
the least protection, and yet never lost a single
animal nor any property.

January 5, i860, the train arrived at San
Gabriel. Soon afterward Mr. Hollister went
back to Ohio for his family, and on his return,
January i, 1861, the flocks were moved to the
San Fernando valley, where they remained dur-
ing the balance of the year. In the summer fol-
lowing they were moved to higher lands. Mean-
time Colonel Peters died and his stock was
bought by Thomas Dibblee and Robert Baker,
Mr. Cooper himself purchasing some twelve
hundred of the gradecl sheep. At this sale Mr.
Cooper met W. W. Hollister, and thus was
begun a friendship that was in many respects an
ideal one and that continued until death sepa-
rated the two who in life had been to each other
as David to Jonathan and Damon to Pythias.

In the spring of 1862 Mr. Cooper returned to
Missouri, but Christmas of that year found him
again in California, where he during the ensuing
t\\>o years experienced all the sufferings and
financial reverses occasioned by the great
drought. To show the losses he and his associ-
ates suffered, it may be stated that in the spring
of 1864 they sheared 11,000 sheep, which, with
the lambs, made i.S.ooo head, but when the
flocks were counted in 1865 they had only 5,300.
.•Ml that paved them from financial ruin was the
sale of the wool, from which they realized $22,-
000. this larjre profit being due to the sagacity
of Albert Dibblee, to whom the task of selling
was entrusted.

During 1866 Hubbard Hollister purchased
the Chorro and San Lusita ranches in .San Luis
Obispo county and moved there with his faniilv.
In i86g Mr. Cooner made a purchase equally
important. From Mrs. Cota he and his partner,
Hubbard Hollister, purchased the famous
Rancho Santa Rosa, paying for it the sum of
$25,000, which was considered an exceedingly

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

large sum for that day. The land contained
nothing but an adobe house, with a dirt floor
and tile roof. Not a fruit tree had been planted.
Not an attempt at improvement had been made.
However, the energy of the new comers soon
produced results that were gratifying. Orig-
inally the rancho was a Mexican grant of 45,000
acres. At present it contains about seventeen
thousand and three hundred acres, three-fourths
of which it is possible to cultivate. The situa-
tion is excellent, being near enough to the ocean
to derive the beneficial effects of the fogs, yet
not near enough to have its bad features. The
land lies seven miles from Lompoc and five miles
from Los Alamos. No richer soil could be
found in the whole state. By actual measure-
ment, it has been proved that the soil is forty-
five feet deep on one of the highest hills. Beans,
corn, pumpkins, mustard, flax, sugar beets, etc.,
together with large crops of wheat and barley,
can be raised. The Santa Ynez river runs for
eight miles through the ranch, and a number of
creeks empty into this river, while large springs
are also to be found on the land.

The fruit industry has proved a successful
source of revenue to Mr. Cooper. Thirty years
ago he planted an orchard, with a general variety
of trees, and these have never since failed to
bear abundantly. Apples, peaches, pears, plums,
nectarines, apricots, quinces, English walnuts,
blackberries and strawberries are raised in large
quantities. Improvements of all kinds have
been added to the place, and it is now equipped
with modern appliances to an extent unsur-
passed by any ranch in the state. With all of
his other enterprises, Mr. Cooper always made
his chief work the raising of sheep and the grow-
ing of wool, and he was so successful in this
that, when he managed the ranch himself, for
each of three different years his receipts were
$4S,ooo from the sale of wool, sheep, cattle and
wheat.

In the progress of this sketch, nothing has
been said concerning the home life of Mr.
Cooper. It was in all respects an ideal life. It
was his high privilege to enjoy a domestic ha])-
piness that is delightful to witness. Mention has
previously been made of his friends. W. W. and
Hubbard Hollister. There was a third and
older brother, Albert G., a resident of Holt
county, Mo., and it was his daughter, Frances,
whom Mr. Coo])er married, July 3, 1871. In the
winter of 1872 Mrs. Cooper's father came to
California, accompanied by his entire family,
and took up his abode in the vicinity of his rela-
tives. After the death of Mr. Cooper's first-
born, John Albert, he and his wife were not
satisfied to remain on the ranch, where every-
thing reminded them of the bright young
existence so suddenly taken from them. They
therefore came to Santa Barbara, and soon pur-
chased for $10,000 the residence of Hon. Morti-

mer Cook, where he has since remained. Of
his children, six are hving, namely: Elizabeth,
Willie, Lulu, Joseph, Frances and Thomas D.
The oldest son is now a student in the Univer-
sity of California. The family circle remained
unbroken, save by the loss of the oldest son,
until February ii, 1901, when Mrs. Cooper was
called from among those to whose welfare her
life had been so faithfully given.

Having accumulated an ample fortune, Mr.
Cooper in 1885 relinquished some of the inter-
ests to which he had been for years devoted.
Sefling his sheep and cattle to Leon Carteri, he
leased to him the Santa Rosa ranch for a period
of five years, and at the expiration of that period
granted another lease to the same party. How-
ever, he still finds sufficient time to engage his
attention in the oversight of his various prop-
erty interests and the placing of remunerative
investments. His devotion to his country, too,
is such that he has given much time to the
furtherance of local enterprises and the develop-
ment of promising resources. Indeed, to an
extent beyond ordinary conception, Santa Bar-
bara county is indebted to this wise pioneer
and progressive man. His means have ever
been at the service of worthy movements; his
sympathy has encouraged men when the final
issue was in doubt; his unfaltering courage has
been a pillar of strength to those less brave than
he, and his faith in the final triumph of justice
and right has always proved contagious. His
name is known throughout the length and
breadth of the county. It is only the stranger
from whom the inquiry comes, "Who is J. W.
Cooper?" By all the residents he is known and
honored as a man of strict integrity, the highest
principles of honor, a kind heart that constantly
prompts him to acts of charity, and a keen mind
that has not only brought him financial success,
but has ever been at the service of his friends
and his adopted county.

In alluding to his success, it is but a matter
of justice to say that the firm friends by whom
Mr. Cooper had always been surrounded con-
tributed not a little to the molding of his char-
acter as well as the attainment of his large for-
tune. He himself ascribes nuich of his pros-
perity to the associates of his manhood's activi-
ties. And perhaps we cannot better close this
biography than by quoting his remarks in "A
Pastoral Prince" concerning those who labored
by his side through many busy and happy years ;
".All but three of these men have gone to their
rest. I am in the afternoon of life myself, and
each year I have noticed the shadows of the
past grow longer and longer, and of course it
will be no great wlu'le before my life will be
but a shadow itself, a something that has been.
T love to sit down and recall the pictures, note
the lights and shades, the play of colors and the
finished work. I love to think mv dear old

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

471

friends are with me, though I cannot see them:
Hubbard, the Colonel and Albert Hollister, for-
ever hopeful, sunny, sweet-tempered and pro-
gressive; Colonel Peters, planning for the future
which is always in advance of him; Martin Old-
ham, sturdy, truthful, honest and fearless, a
great. oak tree that is good to lean against; Nel-
son McMahon, bold, manly and always reliable,
and dear old Auntie Brown (a sister of the Hol-
listers), forever solicitous for others' comfort.
It does me good to recall those stanch old
friends and know they have been mine and are
yet mine, for with all my heart I believe this,
'Once a friend, alwavs a friend.' "

WILLIAM GOWAN DOBIE, D. M. There
is no science nor profession which has com-
manded the attention of talented men to a
greater degree than has the science of medicine.
Many important truths in this science have been
added to the world's knowledge during the past
few decades, conspicuous among which is the
importance of the study of the science of fine
forces. As an exponent of this theory Dr.
Dobie of Santa Monica has gained a prominence
to which his broad knowledge and extensive re-
searches entitle him. In his work it is his aim
to study the patient and the food that is essential
to his health, through which means he has ac-
complished results where medicines had failed.
Nature is regarded as the great restorer and the
problem to be solved is the bringing of the body
back into harmony with this universal physician

Referring to the genealogy of the Dobie fam-
ily, we find that it can be traced back to the six-
teenth century, when the Dobies of Dobie's
Lane were prominent shipbuilders in the seaport
town of Leith, Scotland. Dr. Dobie was born
in the ancient Scotch city of Dunfermline, where
his father, William, and grandfather were both
damask manufacturers, while his mother, Agnes,
was a daughter of James Mathewson, who was
one of the pioneer manufacturers of damask.
The latter was the founder of the manufacturing
house of James Mathewson & Sons, which is still
in existence and has a branch house in New
York. William Dobie died in Fifeshire while
acting as manager of a large damask factory;
his wife died in Kansas City in 1899. They were
the parents of six daughters and one son, all
but one of whom are in America. The third in
order of birth was William Gowan Dobie, who
was born June 13, 1855. When seven years of
age he was taken to Dollar, Clackmannanshire,
and there received an academic education. At
the age of sixteen he learned the bleacher's
trade in Scotland, completing it in Belfast, Ire-
land, two years later. For a time he was man-
ager of a large bleachery and later became owner
of the Drumbeg bleach works in the suburbs of
Belfast.

During 1883 he closed out his many business

interests in the old country and came to Amer-
ica, where he became proprietor of a cattle
ranch near Raton, N. M. A life more widely at
variance with his former interests could scarcely
be imagined. In place of the busy factory, with
its many operatives, the hum of machinery, and
the surroundings of the busy city, there were
the loneliness of the snow-capped mountains,
the broad expanse of valleys where the sound of
human voices was seldom heard, and the ad-
venturous life of a cattleman and rancher. In
1888 he left that territory and came to California,
which he has since considered his home. Shortly
after coming here he entered the College of
Fine Forces, in New York, from which he was
graduated in 1893, with the degree of Doctor
of Magnetics. Later he took a course in the
San Francisco College of Therapeutics, of which
he is a graduate and in which he had the advan-
tage of study under Dr. Buchanan. For a time
he practiced in Los Angeles, but in 1897 re-
moved to Santa Monica, where he has since
practiced his profession. The residence which
he built at No. 718 Second street is presided over
by his wife, whom he married in Pittsburg, Pa.,
and who was formerly Mrs. Belle (Todd) Gil-
man, a native of Toronto, Canada. Nature's is
Dr. Dobie's church, and he is one of her fondest
worshippers. To him "she speaks a varied lan-
guage," rich, beautiful and uplifting. As he has
been independent in religious thought, so, too,
in politics, he has not felt in either of the great
parties the realization of his dreams of all men
as brethren, consequently he gives his prefer-
ence to socialism in the broad view of that term.

AUGUSTUS H. DEN. The genealogy of
the Den family shows that they are of Norman
French extraction, and trace their ancestry back
to the Capets of France, who settled in England
at the time of Edward the Confessor. A num-
ber of the family bore a part in the war of the
Crusades. The origin of the name points to
some connection with a den of lions, and the
coat-of-arms represents a lion rampant and
guardian holding a cross. From England one
branch of the family went to Ireland, and Nicho-
las A. Den was a native of Waterford, Ireland,
born in 181 2. His parents, Emanuel and Katie
Den, had several children, among them being
Nicholas A. Den and his sister, the talented Miss
Mary Den, a contemporary of Victor Hugo.
.'\nother daughter, Katie, married James Mc-
Grath, of Waterford, Ireland, where he is the
successful editor of the Waterford Citizen.

Given the advantages of training at Trinity
College and association with people of culture,
Nicholas A. Den was prepared in youth for a
responsible position in life. His prospects were
flattering, for his parents were wealthy, and he
took up the study of medicine in Dublin rather
from a desire to acquire professional knowledge

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

than from any thought that he would ever need
to support himself. However, a sudden change
in financial affairs swept away his father's prop-
erty and left him with the immediate necessity
of earning a livelihood. For this reason he went
to Nova Scotia, expecting to work for a cousin
who was a merchant, but, on his arrival, found
that he was little more than a servant and valet.
His pride would not brook this change in cir-
cumstances, and, finding a ship bound for the
far west, he went on board, and in this way,
after one hundred and fifty-seven days from
Boston, on the ship Europea, he landed at Santa
Barbara, Cal, July 8. 1836. Here he was enter-
tained by Daniel Hill, whose daughter he later
married. It is worthy of note that he was the
first educated English-speaking man in Santa
Barbara, and for this reason he was sought for
counsel and advice. In time he became a very
extensive stock-raiser, and owned the San Mar-
cos, Dos Pueblos, Cuenada del Corral and Te-
quepis ranches, on which he had about ten thou-
sand head of cattle. During the gold excitement
he was engaged in merchandising and the stock
business at the mines, in partnership with Dan-
iel Dent, the father of J^lrs. Ulysses S. Grant.
At the time of his death, March 3, 1862, he was
about fifty years of age.

Rosa, wife of Nicholas A. Den, was a daugh-
ter of Daniel Hill, who was born in Alassachu-
setts in 1799, and came to California as early as
1.822, in command of the vessel Rebecca, en-
gaged in trade with the Sandwich Islands. His
parents. Job and Susan (Blanchard) Hill, were
lifelong residents of Massachusetts. Settling m
Santa Barbara, he first engaged in the mercan-
tile business near the old mission. At the same
time he acted as superintendent for the padres
in the management of ranches. He was one of
the first men from New England to settle here,
and subsequent pioneers were always welcomed
by him with the greatest hospitality. His heart
was large and his generosity great. His daugh-
ter, Mrs. Den, died in Santa Barbara in 1884.
Her children were named as follows: Emanuel,
a stockman of Los Alamos; Nicholas, of Los
Angeles; Alfred, who was killed by the kick of
a horse when he was twenty-six years of age;
William, who died in childhood; Alfonso and
Augustus H., both of Santa Barbara; Mary,
wife of T. R. More, of this city; Rosa, who died
in girlhood, and Mrs. Susan Tyler, of Santa
Barbara. A brother of Nicholas A. Den was
Dr. Richard S. Den, a prominent old settler of
Los Angeles, who died in 1896; another brother,
Dr. E. H. Den, died in Omaha, Neb.

At what is now Naples, Santa Barbara county,
the subject of this article was born. He was
educated at the old mission and Santa Clara
College. From youth he has been interested in
farming. Rincon ranch, of which he is the
owner, comprises four hundred and eight acres.

forming one of the finest places for miles
around. Its value is enhanced by the presence
on the land of the famous asphaltum mine, con-
taining a fine deposit of asphaltum. In addition
to this property he has a comfortable residence
on Garden street, Santa Barbara, where he
makes his home. He is a member of the Cham-
ber of Commerce, in politics a stanch Repub-
lican, and in religion a Roman Catholic. He
married Miss W'innifred G. Devine, who was
born in California and is a sister of Judge De-
vine, of Sacramento. In 1900 they made a tour
of Europe, visiting points of interest and pro-
longing the trip until they had gained a compre-
hensive knowledge of European chies and life.

JAMES DUFFY. The superintendent of the
San Diego county hospital and farm came to
San Diego in ■March, 1870, from San Francisco,
where he had made his home the three previous
years. Born and reared in Herkimer county,
N. Y., it was in 1867 that he resolved to seek a
home in the far west, and accordingly made the
trip via Panama, crossing along the route now
laid out for the great canal. Entering the har-
bor at the Golden Gate, he settled in San Fran-
cisco, and for three years worked at any occu-
pation that offered an honest livelihood. On
coming to San Diego county, he became inter-
ested in several mines near Julian, and for about
seven years engaged in mining and prospecting.
During 1877 lie began to turn his attention to
farming and fruit growing, and set out twentv
acres in an orchard, principally of apple trees.
At this writing he owns six hundred acres of
good land. Here he devotes himself to the
dairy business. He owns a number of fine Jer-
sey cows and has a creamery with a capacity of
tliree thousand pounds of milk per day.

In 1893 J^Ii'- Duffy was appointed superin-
tendent of the San Diego county hospital and
farm by the board of supervisors, comprising
]. M. P. Rainbow, John Judson, J. A. fasper.
\\'. \\'. Wetzel and Arthur G. Nason. It is a
fact worthy of note that he has been reappointed
by every succeeding board since that time.
Smce taking charge of the farm and hospital he
has made many important improvements, so
that the general aspect of the place has entirely
changed since 1893. Among the improvements
may be mentioned the building of a large barn,
the erection of a house for the superintendent!
and the putting up of various outbuildings!
Tlirough the introduction by him of the system
of fanning, the institution has been made almost
self-supportmg. However, it is through the
dairy business that the largest financial returns
are secured, and butter-making is one of the
most important industries of the place. Enough
vegetables are raised to supply the hospital
table. Everything about the place bespeaks the
wise supervision of the superintendent, and it is

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

473

a fact evident to all that the man in charge of
the work is thoroughly familiar with all details.
The political views held by Mr. Duffy are in
harmony with the principles of the Democratic
party. In 1873 he was a member of the board
of supervisors of San Diego county. In 1890
he was his party's candidate for sheriff. How-
ever, he is not a partisan in the usual sense of
that word, but is fair-minded and broad in his
views. That he has the liking of both the lead-
ing parties is shown by the fact that his reap-
pointments as superintendent have come both
from Republican and from Democratic boards.
For twenty-six years he has been identified with
San Diego Lodge No. 155, I. O. O. F. He is
also connected with the Foresters and the An-
cient Order of United Workmen. By his mar-
riage to Mary Jane Taylor, a native of Placer
county, Cal., he has si.x children, namely: Cath-
erine, James, Jr., Charles, Samuel, Agnes and
Carl. "

ROBERT DUNN. The proprietor of the
Duneden hotel at Piru City came to \'entura
county from Scotland in 1886. The early years
of his life were passed in Edinburgh, Scotland,
where he was born in 1844, and where his edu-
cation was received in its schools. Determined
to try his fortunes in the new world, he set sail
from Scotland in 1886 and came direct to Cali-
fornia. After a few months in Oakland he pro-
ceeded to the Newhall ranch in Ventura county,
and in 1887 bought a ranch of one thousand
;icres situated three miles from Piru City. Much
of the land was devoted to stock-grazing. One
of its most conspicuous improvements was an
orchard of one hundred acres. For the work of
a general agriculturist he was fitted by his expe-
rience in Scotland, where he had been a farmer
at the Burdie House Mains, near Edinburgh.

Coming to Piru City in 1899, JNIr. Dunn es-
tablished the town of Duneden, near by, with
about seventy inhabitants, and containing a gen-
eral store, large meat market, hotel, residence,
livery barn, lumber and blacksmith shops, and
mercantile store, of all of which buildings he is
the owner. The store, hotel, livery and black-
smith shop are all under one management, the
whole forming a large establishment, and con-
taining modern improvements, including a pub-
lic telephone. From the ranch six miles dis-
tant he brings the water to supply Duneden,
and the finest mountain water is furnished the
inhabitants of the place. In all enterprises for
local upbuilding lie is. a chief factor. Politically
he is a stanch Republican. As trustee of the
Piru school district and as a tireless worker in
the Methodist Episcopal Church, he is active
both in educational and religious matters.

The ranch owned by Mr. Dunn deserves spe-
cial mention because it is one of the finest in
Ventura county. It is underlaid with oil and

has been leased to the South Pacific Oil Com-
pany. The ranch contains nine hundred and
twenty acres of rich mesa land and extends one
and one-half miles along the base of the moun-
tain. The roadway is bordered with pepper
trees and a driveway leads to the beautiful resi-
dence, which is near the foot of the mountain,
and surrounded with beautiful flowers, shrub-
bery and shade trees. Owing to its location the
land is exempt from killing frosts. The water
right gives great value to the ranch, ahhough
during ordinary seasons the deciduous trees do
not require irrigation, the soil being remarkable
for its ability to retain moisture. In addition to
raising fruit Air. Dunn engages in a general
farming and stock-raising business, and also
deals extensively in poultry, and has a large
apiary. The ranch contains numerous buildings,
including barns, blacksmith shops, cottages for
the hired men, etc. There are also extensive
fruit-drying yards, sulphur houses and all the
appliances and machinery necessary for picking,
hauling, cutting, drying and marketing a large
fruit crop. Competent men manage the various
departments of the extensive business.

In Edinburgh, Scotland, Mr. Dunn married
Miss Margaret Mackie, a native of Glasgow,
Scotland. They have four children, Robert,
Thomas, James and Elizabeth.

CAPT. WILLIAM E. GREENWELL. To
come in contact with a man who has left the
impress of his intellect and his personality upon
his locality; or to peruse an account of his
useful life, as recorded in the pages of history, is
to be helped in a practical way. In a somewhat
unusual, but distinctively important, manner.
Captain Greenwell aided in the development of
California, and, although a considerable period
has elapsed since his death, he is well and widely
remembered as one of the most distinguished
members of the United States coast and geo-
detic survey. For many years he made his home
in Santa Barbara, and through wise investments
in property in and near this city he gained a
competence that enabled him to leave his family
in comfortable circumstances.

Of English ancestry, the son of \\'illiani
Greenwell (who commanded a regiment during
the war of 1812), William Edward Greenwell,
was born in St. Mary's county, Md., in 1824.
After having graduated from Georgetown Col-
lege, he studied law in the office of judge Brent,
of Washington. His connection with the coast
survey began when he was twentv-two vears of
age, and he first served with Capt.' F. U.Gerdes,
on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. In 1855 he
was transferred to the coast of California, to
take charge of a party, under General Ord. At
the outbreak of the Civil war he went east and
was stationed at Washington, where he gave
his hearty support to the Union cause; for, al-

4.U

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

though himself a southerner by birth and lin-
eage, he was always loyal to the government and
to the old flag, 'in 1863 he returned to Cali-
fornia and for many years afterward continued
in the coast survey, but resigned some years
before his death.

Concerning the captain we quote the follow-
ing from the United States Army and Nazy
Journal: "Captain Greenwell was well known
for forty years to the public service, but, owing
to his having resigned some years ago, his death
has not attracted the attention of many friends
in the army and navy to whom his loss will be
a lasting grief. He entered the coast survey in
1846. Serving first in the party of Assistant
Gerdes in Mobile Bay, he continued to work
chiefly on the southern coast until 1854, in
which year he was transferred to the Pacific
coast. On this coast he gave nearly thirty years
of his life to the faithful service of his country,
in his profession as surveyor and civil engineer,
while he made for himself and his family a home
famed for its kindly hospitality throughout that
beautiful region of Southern California. Here,
as the country settled rapidly, he was sought for,
far and wide, to give advice to those seeking
homes, to render help to the unfortunate, and
to place at the disposal of individuals or young
settlements his valuable practical experience as
pioneer in those regions. To army and navy
officers working in his vicinity the assistance
rendered by Captain Greenwell's thorougli
knowledge of the country, and his clear practical
intelligence, was invaluable, and their debt of
gratitude was made the greater by the warm and
kindly hospitality of his lovely family. To have
enjoyed the genial company, the faithful
friendship, of this simple and noble character,
is a privilege and a memory invaluable to those
fortunate enough to have classed themselves
as his friends. In that once happy home, near
the Santa Barbara shore, a devoted wife now
mourns his death, supported in her bereavement
by two sons worthy of their father's name."

By his first marriage Captain Greenwell had
one son, William M., who died in Washington,
D. C, in 1898. His second marriage took place
in St. Stephen's Church, New York City, De-
cember 31, 1862, and united him with Miss Anna

C. Cummings, who was born in Washington,

D. C. Her parents, Charles and Mary J. (Steph-
enson) Cummings, were natives of London.
England, and there married, after which they
came to the United States, settling in Washing-
ton, D. C, and Mr. Cummings was employed
as a purser in the United States navy until he
died. Of his family of four daughters and four
sons, Mrs. Greenwell, the youngest, is the sole
survivor. One son. Rev. William Cummings,
D. D., founded St. Stephen's Church in New
York City and remained its pastor as long as he
lived. Mrs. Greenwell was educated in the Con-

vent of Visitation at Georgetown, D. C, and
has always been an adherent of the Roman
Catholic church. Since the death of her hus-
band, she has continued to reside in Santa Bar-
bara, making occasional visits to the east. Of
her sons, the oldest, Charles B., is secretary of
the Hueneme Wharf Company. He was elected
to the state senate of California and has gained
distinction through his able service in that body.
The younger son, Arthur Cummings Greenwell,
is now collector of customs at Santa Barbara.
Among the property holdings of Mrs. Green-
well one of the most important is the wheat and
bean farm comprising between six and seven
hundred acres and situated in Las Posas, \'en-
tura county. Of this ranch Senator Bard, who
was an intimate friend of Captain Greenwell,
now has charge. In addition, she owns a ranch
south of Summerland and a farm of two hun-
dred acres near Hope, Santa Barbara county.

Strength of character was one of Captain
Greenwell's most conspicuous possessions. In
every respect he was an independent thinker,
forming his own conclusions after careful and
matured study, unbiased by the prejudices of
others. As he was always true to his country
and true to his family, so it could not but fol-
low that he was likewise true to his God.
Though in no sense of the word a churchman,
and having but little sympathy with warring
creeds, he possessed that religion which finds
in everything the footprints of an all-wise and
all-powerful Creator. In the beauties of the
region where he dwelt, in the history of the
past, and in the mercies of the present, he saw
every evidence of a God, and he had little
patience with those shallow natures that deny
the existence of a Creator whose handiwork may
thus be seen on every side and in every era of
the world's history.

Courage was another prominent element in
Captain Greenwell's character. Fear was abso-
lutely unknown to him. When but a young
man, at the risk of his life, he saved some sailors
from shipwreck and death. Years later, on a
dark and foggy night, when the steamer Sena-
tor was driven near the rocks of Point Con-
ception, and when the crew were rebellious
and the captain ill, he took command of the
vessel, and by his judgment and tact reduced
the crew to submission, saved the ship and
brought the passengers safely to land. He had
the reputation of being the best surfer in the
service. His shore duties, also, were performed
with equal success. In the mapping out and
completing of a practicable scheme of triangu-
lation, he was an expert. He was an excellent
mountaineer and never forgot a landmark,
hence was peculiarly fitted for his chosen occu-
pation.

After a lifetime of noble and successful ap-
plication, in an important sphere of duty, Cap-

Jn. ,^

.-^^

^^^^-^-^^^^^^z-^^-i^;^^-^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

477

tain Greenwell died at his Santa Barbara home,
August 27, 1886, mourned by the large circle
of friends to whom his ability and kindliness of
heart had endeared him, and remembered by all
as a man ripe in judgment, prompt in action,
versatile in mental capacity, keen in discrimina-
tion, and dauntlessly brave and valiant.

JOHN F. CUMMINGS. Too much cannot
be said in praise of the efiforts of Mr. Cummings
in the Santa Clara valley, of which he was one
of the earliest settlers, having arrived in 1872.
This section of the state has no rancher more
industrious or capable than he. Under his en-
ergetic supervision fields whereon the wild mus-
tard towered to a height of twelve feet have
been transformed into fertile tracts that well
repay the owner's skillful cultivation. His abil-
ity is doubtless inherited, for his father, Hon.
James Cummings, who was born in Fayette
county. Pa., in 1795, possessed many remarka-
ble characteristics. Though his schooling was
limited to four months, through his own efiforts
he acquired a broad fund of information, was
known as a skillful debater and an orator of
power. During his active life he farmed near
Mansfield, Richland county, Ohio. His fellow-
citizens, appreciating his talents, twice elected
him to represent the district in the state legisla-
ture, and for twenty-eight years he served as
justice of the peace. A man beloved wherever
known and honored throughout a wide section
of country, he passed away, at eighty-five years
of age, leaving a record of which posterity may
be justly proud. He married Christine McMil-
lan, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1801, and
whose ancestors came to America in an early
day. In the family were live daughters and two
sons, and six of these are living, John F. being
fourth. One of the sons, Wilson S., is one of the
most prominent men of Fredericktown, Ohio,
and owns practically all of the large buildings
and enterprises there represented.

In Richland county, Ohio, John F. Cummings
was born September 19, 1835. As opportunity
offered he attended the public schools of his
neighborhood, and his youth was not unlike
that of other farm-reared boys. When twenty-
five years of age he came to California and
worked by the month in the northern part of
the state. The money thus saved was invested in
land, which he operated on his own responsi-
bility. In 1869 he purchased one hundred and
fifty acres of bottom land in \'entura county,
and upon this tract took up his permanent resi-
dence three years later. For the first few years
his crops consisted mainly of barley and feed for
hogs, of which stock he averaged six hundred
head per annum. His experiments with the cul-
tivation of the lima bean began in 1876, and he
was the first in the valley to predict a success in

this industry. At first he placed ten acres under
the beans, but gradually increased the amount
until he utilized one hundred acres, producing
about a ton per acre. A portion of the land is
in an apricot orchard and a walnut grove, the
crops from each being exceptionally satisfactory.
In fact, he has met with gratifying success in
everything he has undertaken to accomplish on
his ranch, and he is conceded to be one of the
best and most practical farmers in the valley.
Everything in connection with the place is
under his personal supervision, and no farm as-
sistant whom the excess of work obliges him to
employ works half as hard as this successful
agriculturist, who keeps in advance of all im-
provements and is ever striving to bring about
simpler and better methods.

In California ]\Ir. Cummings married Miss
Georgia Sweeney, who was born on Long Is-
land, N. Y., being the daughter of a skilled engi-
neer. They are the parents of five daughters and
four sons, all of whom are yet at home, and form
an interesting family. They are named as fol-
lows: Ada B., Madge, Walter W., Esther, Jean-
ette, Victor, Olga, John F., Jr., and Wilson S.

The interests of Mr. Cummings extend be-
yond the hmits of his___ranch and embrace a
knowledge of and co-operation with all that is
instituted for the benefit of the community. He
owns stock in the Santa Paula Home Oil Com-
pany, and is a stockholder in the Santa Paula
Company's co-operative store. The breadth of
mind which characterizes his actions in general
is carried into politics, and, although a Repub-
lican, he invariably votes for principle rather
than party. The county of Ventura does not
contain a more eloquent or earnest advocate of
temperance, nor a more liberal-minded man as
to religious matters. In opening his purse to
aid all worthy causes he aids alike the ]\Iethodist
or Presbyterian or any other denomination of
worshippers, believing that all are equally
worthy and traveling the same road under dif-
ferent creeds. He is emphatically a thinking
man, for his conclusions in all matters are the
result of his own profound consideration, wide
observation and careful weighing of all sides of
a question.

JOSEPH McCULLOUGH GARRETSON.
Intimately associated with the pioneer days
of the east as well as the west has been the
lorceful life of Joseph McCullough Garretson.
one of the business men of Santa Barbara. He
c(imes of a family who have agreed with Riche-
lieu that there was "no such word as fail" when
applied to their respective undertakings, and
whose enterprise and capabilities have been
exerted for the be.st good of this country ever
since Lord Baltimore sailed away from the
shores of England and settled in and named
Baltimore county, Md. Indeed, the same crafl

478

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

which buffeted the storms of the Atlantic with
the lord of Baltimore as its most distinguished
passenger had also as passengers the great-
great-grandfather, Shadrack Garretson, and his
brother John, who eventuall_v acquired six hun-
dred acres of land at Gooseberry- Neck, Balti-
more county.

On the homestead at Gooseberry Neck was
born the great-grandfather, Job Garretson, and
the grandfather, John, the latter of whom in-
curred the paternal displeasure by enlisting in
the Revolutionary war against the wishes of his
sire, the feeling waxing so strong that upon his
return from the war the house of his childhood
memories was no longer a pleasant or profitable
place to live in. With the unyielding pride of his
race he struck out in the world on his own
responsibility and became a planter in Hawkins
county, Tenn., where his death eventually oc-
curred. He was twice married, the three sons
of the first marriage being Jeremiah (the father
of Joseph McCullough), who died in Indiana;
George, who died in Cincinnati, and John, who
died in Tennessee. By the second marriage
there were Madison, Owen, Freeborn and Wil-
liam, all of whom have long since joined the
silent majority. Jeremiah Garretson was born
in Hawkins county, Tenn., in 1800, and about
1820 settled near Connersville, Ind., where he
farmed for thirty years. His former occupation
was resumed after removing to the vicinity of
Lafayette, where occurred the death of his wife,
his own demise taking place in 1855, at the
age of fifty-five years. He married Jane AIc-
Cullough, who was born in Hawkins county,
Tenn., in 1799, a daughter of Joseph ]\IcCul-
lough, who was born in Scotland, and became a
planter in Tennessee. There were eight chil-
dren in the family, four sons and four daughters,
of whom Joseph McCullough Garretson alone
survives.

Near Connersville, Ind.. where he was born
on the old homestead Alarch 4, 1836, Joseph
-McCullough Garretson attended the subscrip-
tion schools of his time, the most of his early
education, however, being the result of the
teaching of his mother, with whom he pored
over books in the chimney corner by the light
of the hearth fire, during the long winter even-
ings. This same thoughtful mother was a typi-
cal pioneer woman, and such leisure as she
could command from the arduous duties around
the farm was devoted to spinning and weaving,
and such other occupations as fell to the lot of
the settlers. In 1859 her son Joseph departed
from the home surroundings and went to
Fountain county. Ind., where he worked on the
farm of Mr. Williams for his board, and for the
privilege of attending school during the winter.
By 1854, so industrious and frugal had he been
that his worldly possessions amounted to the
lordly sum of $212.50. With this seemingly

colossal fortune he struck out for Cahfornia, his
clothes in a satchel, and his hopes confidently
directed toward a future of vast accomplish-
ment. February 22, 1854, he arrived in La-
fayette, Ind., from where he took the train for
New York City, and March 6 boarded the
steamer Ohio for Aspinwall, his passage costing
liim $170 of his hard-earned money. To get
across the Isthmus made further inroads in his
finances to the extent of $30, and from Panama
he took the boat John L. Stevens for San
Francisco, which he reached March 18, 1854.
Nevada City being his destination, he visited
Sacramento on the way, and upon arriving there
had just one dollar left. He remained over
night and walked to Nevada City, and after try-
ing hard to sell his blanket for his night's lodg-
ing on the way succeeded in having fifty cents
left after consummating the deal. In fs^'evada
City he found an old schoolmate, and at once
went to work for $4 a day, and at the end of the
week had cleared $20. With a part of this he
purchased necessary blankets and engaged in
mining, later finding his way to Nelson's Point,
in Plumas county, on the Feather river, where
he was overtaken with rheumatism, and was
obliged to substitute clerking for mining for a
couple of years. At the end of this time he
again began to mine and continued to do so for
three years, after which he sold out and went to
the Washoe valley, in Nevada, and engaged in
ranching and the butcher business. In 1865 he
married Miss Catharine McCaleb, a native of
Pennsylvania, and continued to live in Nevada
until his removal to Santa Barbara county in
1869. The journey hither was accomplished
with wagons and teams, and a stop was made at
San Bernardino, but the town was too warm and
the travelers came up the coast and settled at
Carpinteria in 1869, remaining there for a year.
Here ]\Ir. Garretson engaged in the dairy busi-
ness, and in 1870 located four miles west of the
city of Santa Barbara, where he became inter-
ested in farming and stock-raising. Eventually
he located "on the place of forty-five acres on
what is now IloUister avenue, which he has
since improved and built upon and farmed. In
1892 he moved into Santa Barbara and built the
store on East Ortega street, in which he now
carries on a mercantile business

The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Garretson
are: Charles O., who is teaming in Santa
Barbara; Claire Josephine, who is now Mrs.
Kirch; Albert Elmer, who died in Julv of 1900
at the age of twenty-four years; and Mabel, who
is living at home. Mr. Garretson is one of the
most prominent Masons in Santa Barbara, hav-
ing become a member of the Forest City Lodge
No. 66, and of the Carson City Lodge, and is
now associated with the Santa Barbara Lodge
No. 192, F. & A. M. He was exalted to the
Royal Arch Masons No. 10, Forest City, and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

479

was a charter member of the first chapter in the
state of Nevada at Carson City. He later be-
came one of the organizers of the Santa
Barbara Chapter No. 51, of which he is now
treasurer. He is also connected with the St.
Omar Commandery No. 30, of which he is
treasurer, and he is a member of Al Malakiah
Temple, N. M. S., of Los Angeles. Politically
he was a Republican prior to 1880, but is now
independent.

JOHN W. HUGUS, formerly of Pasadena,
was born at Pittsburg, Pa., November 24, 1836,
and died in San Francisco, October 10, 1901.
In descent the family came from the old Hugue-
not stock, who settled the French colony in
Hesse-Cassel, Germany, whither so many of the
French fled after the revocation of the edict of
Nantes in 1598. In 1761 his great-grandfather
came to America with a brother, William, and
settled in Pennsylvania, where his father, Peter
Hugus, was born and educated. From Penn-
sylvania Peter Hugus moved to Canton, Ohio,
where he was a merchant in good standing for
many years. While in Canton, the boy, John,
became intimately acquainted with another
rugged Canton boy, William McKinley, and
their personal friendship continued throughout
their lives. His father's mercantile ventures
were not successful, and to repair them he
brought his wife and children into the west and
settled in Omaha, in tlie territory of Nebraska,
in 1856. Mr. Hugus had two brothers and two
sisters. His brother, Charles, was a lawyer of
great promise, and owned and published the
Massilloi News in Ohio. There Mr. Hugus
learned the printing trade, which he followed
for a number of years, and was employed on
several of the prominent newspapers in the
larger cities of the west.

In June, 1857, Mr. Hugus moved to Omaha,
where the family had preceded him, and followed
his trade as a printer until 1861, when he went
to Fort Kearney, two hundred miles west of
Omaha, to take charge of a post trader's general
store there. He soon acquired an interest in
the business, and with the money thus earned
he removed to Omaha in 1866 and engaged in
the banking business. In 1864, at Williamsburg,
Pa., Mr. Hugus married -A.nnetta Olivia Rees,
who died in 1868 in Omaha. The death of his
beautiful young wife was his first great sorrow.
In 1870 he went to Fort Fred Steele, in Wyo-
ming, seven hundred miles west of Omaha,
where he laid the foundation of his career as a
successful merchant and banker. In Wyoming
and Colorado he established banks and general
merchandise stores, all under the name of J. W.
Hugus & Co. Rawlins, Wyo., was the head-
quarters of the business, and for several hundred
miles around Rawlins the merchandising and
banking house of J. W. Hugus & Co. supplied

the needs of a new and prosperous country, and
was, and is today, one of the most progressive
and successful merchandise houses in the west.
In 1883 Mr. Hugus admitted into partnership
with him J. C. Davis, who had been with him for
a number of years, and to whom he gave the
entire management of their large interests. In
the autumn of that year he moved to California,
settling in Pasadena, where he bought a large
ranch and built one of the fine houses in the
foothills near the present Ahadena tract. In a
few years he transformed the rank growth of
grease wood and rocky roughness into one of
the finest ranches in Southern California.

In 1873 Mr. Hugus married Sarah Golds-
borough Carnan, whose family settled in In-
diana at Vincennes, coming there from Mary-
land, where they were prominent in law. Her
father was educated at Harvard and served later
as judge in one of the large districts in Indiana.
Mrs. Hugus shared with her husband the trials
and pleasures of frontier life in Wyoming, and
in California she found the great pleasure of
her life in dispensing that cordial and generous
hospitality in which in her earlier life she had
been so well initiated in her own southern home.
To them were born two children, Louise Bonner
Hugus and Annetta Olivia Hugus. Mrs. Hugus
and her daughters were actively interested in
the social life of Pasadena, as well as in the
church, educational and charitable work. Mrs.
Hugus died November 19, 1897, beloved by all
who knew her.

Throughout all his life Mr. Hugus was a con-
sistent and sterling Christian of the vigorous
and strenuous type, carrying his religion with
him in every hour of his life with such dignity
and force of character that it made him at once
a marked man in any community, and won for
him, among men with strong passions in the ear-
lier days of the west, a respect for his person-
ality such as few men attain. He was known
all his life as Judge Hugus, a title earned in
Wyoming that paid a fine tribute to his char-
acter. In the west men of quick impulses and
hasty actions felt the process of law too slow
to settle differences that the might of the
stronger could not at once overcome, and be-
cause it grew customary to settle controversies
by referring the matter for John Hugus to de-
cide, he acquired the title of Judge, inasmuch
as so often he was selected to arbitrate difTer-
ences by stockmen who would agree to stand by
and accept his decision upon controversies affect-
ing their business and social lives. His whole life
was identified with the history in the Episcopal
Church in Wyoming, Colorado and Southern
California. Many tens of thousands of dollars he
directly contributed towards building permanent
churches, establishing parishes and aiding in
maintaining the salaries of missionaries, priests
and bishops working in these three states. In

480

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the Throop Polytechnic Institute at Pasadena
he was a trustee and valued advisor in all its
educational work. By his own large endowment
to the school and his ability to interest others,
lie was able through the power of his wealth and
individuality to render most material aid to the
school in a crisis, which, when passed, placed
the institution on a firm financial and educational
basis, so it will for all time be a power among
the educational institutions on the coast. Mr.
Hugus believed himself to be a trustee for the
small fortune he accumulated, and that his stew-
ardship could be best managed by his personal
supen'ision during the period of his own best
mental activity. In the last ten years of his life
he gave over $200,000 to church and educa-
tional work, in which he took a personal inter-
est. j\Iuch of this he constantly supervised, and
many a young man he aided by both helping him
with means for his education and by the per-
sonal and continued interest he kept up in the
young man's life.

Upon the Sunday after his death memorial
services were held in San Francisco and Pasa-
dena (Cal.), Rawlins (Wyo.) and in a number of
churches in Colorado. His death in San Fran-
cisco came suddenly to him while in attendance
at the general convention of the Episcopal
Church, and so it seemed to fittingly round out
a life so long identified in the work of the
church. Surviving Mr. Hugus are his widow
and three daughters. Less than two years be-
fore his death Mr. Hugus married Miss Blanche
Bolt, a daughter of Frank C. Bolt, president of
the San Gabriel \'alley Bank in Pasadena. By
his first wife Mr. Hugus had one daughter,
Nellie Rees Hugus. who married Victor B. Cald-
well, a graduate of Yale and at present cashier
of the United States National Bank of Omaha.
Louise Bonner Hugus and Annetta Olivia
Hugus are his children by his second wife. Miss
Louise B. Hugus lives in Los Angeles, and is
actively engaged at the College Settlement
House, being a resident worker. Annetta Hugus
married Albert E. Carroll, a graduate of Har-
vard and a manufacturer of woolen machinery in
Boston, Mass.

JAMES E. SHAW. In 1892 Mr. Shaw came
to Riverside and bought ten acres of raw land
under the Gage canal, which he set out in navel
and Valencia oranges, and which has developed
into one of the most prolific groves on the
heights. During the year he packs about two
thousand one hundred boxes of navels and six-
teen hundred boxes of valencias, which are
.shipped through the local buyers. In 1900 the
grove was seven years old, and the returns were
$5,342 net above picking, which furnished the
best showing of any grove in this section. Tlie
land is entirely free from frost, many improve-
ments have been made upon it and a fine resi-

dence was erected by the owner in 1899. For
several years after coming here Mr. Shaw was
engaged in a general nursery business, making a
specialty of oranges, lemons and grape fruit,
furnishing the new groves with promising
young trees. After the years of arduous work
he has the satisfaction of knowing that his
ranch is valued at $30,000, which nearly ap-
proaches his expectations upon first coming
here.

Mr. Shaw began in Riverside from a practi-
cally small beginning, and he has been interested
in all of the enterprises for progress in the town.
He has considerable money in the oil district on
the Kern river, and is a large stockholder in the
Grand Central Oil and Development Company,
which owns forty acres in the famous section 4.
He is also interested in the development of the
oil in section 28, Kern river district.

EDGAR A. HOLLISTER. To be a bearer
of the name of Hollister is to claim kinship with
much that is important and noteworthy in the
history of Santa Barbara county. For, heading
the written page of the struggles borne by the
pioneers, is the name of Col. William Wells
Hollister, whose career is so interwoven with
the growth of this region as to seem as much
an integral part of it as are the trees and the
enterprises which sprang into being at his de-
mand. To his nephew, Edgar A. Hollister, the
Colonel bequeathed many of his excellent traits
of character, and he is one of the successful and
esteemed residents of this locality. A native of
Holt county, Mo., he was born October 18,
1851, a son of Albert G. Hollister, who was born
in Licking county, Ohio, in 1812, his brother.
Colonel Hollister, having been born in 1818.
Albert G. was also a noteworthy man, and was
the founder of the Hollister Mills on the Noda-
way river. Mo., from which state he came to
California in 1871 and founded the home where
his son Edgar now lives, eight miles west of
Santa Barbara, at the foot of the Santa Bar-
bara mountains. Here he lived and prospered
until his death in 1891. He married Elizabeth
Wickham, who is living with her son, Edgar, and
v.ho is the mother of two other children : Fran-
ces, now deceased, who was the wife of J. W.
Cooper, and Louise, who resides witli her
mother and brother on the old homestead.

The Hollister ranch consists of four hundred
acres, sixty of which are set out in walnuts.
The place is well improved, and besides walnuts
a general fmit industry is carried on, general
farming engaged in, beans, barley, hav and stock
being raised on a large scale.' Mr. Hollister
is a practical agriculturist, and understands how
to make his land pay, and how to improve it to
the utmost. He is prominent in a general way
in the community, and possesses those traits
which insure respect and lasting regard. In

"a/cl<z^.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

483

politics a Republican, he is nevertheless very
liberal minded, and believes in voting for prin-
ciple rather than party.

The first marriage of Mr. Hollister occurred
in Goleta in October, 1881, and was with Anna
Owen, who died in 1893, leaving four children,
Albert G., Owen Edgar, Ethel ^lay and Chester
Allen. The second marriage, in 1896, united
him with SalHe Baker, of Missouri, and of this
union there Avere two children, William and
Robert. Mrs. Sallie H^ollister died July 10, 1901.

ALEXANDER WALDIE. Conspicuous
among the leading business men of Santa Paula
is Mr. Wa'.die, who, as manager of the Santa
Paula Hardware Company, has for some years
been intimately associated with one of the town's
best known business houses. Born in Scotland,
he possesses the characteristics for which Scotch-
men are famous the world over, and which make
them desirable citizens of any community.
When he crossed the ocean in 1866, he settled
in Batavia, N. Y., where he remained five years,
meantime following the occupation of florist and
landscape gardener. Going from there to Titus-
ville, Pa., he followed the same line of work and
raised flowers for the markets from 1871 to 1883.
During the latter year he came to California
and settled in Newhall, Los Angeles county.
During the three years he lived in that village
he was employed as general secretary of the
Hardison «&: Stewart Oil Company, continuing
in that capacity until the company disbanded.

The year 1886 found Mr. Waldie in Santa
Paula, with whose oil industry he has been asso-
ciated since the first year he spent in California.
.\s a stockholder and director, he was closely
connected with the workings of the Union Oil
Company of California and the United Petro-
leum Company, and. indeed, he is still active in
the same. He held the office of secretary of the
Sespe Oil Company at Santa Paula during the
whole of its existence, until it was merged into
the Union Oil Company. He was chosen treas-
urer of the new organization, in which he held
stock as he had done in the former. In 1895 he
was chosen manager of the Santa Paula Hard-
ware Company, which had been incorporated
five years before, and he has since given his
time largely to the building up of a large trade
for the company.

During his residence in Batavia, N. Y., Mr.
W^aldie married Miss Anna C. Myers, a native
nf Scotland. The two children born of their
union, Archibald and Alice, both died in in-
fancy. They have an adopted daughter. Lillie,
who is now the wife of E. D. Bates, of Santa
Barbara.

In the Santa Paula Board of Trade Mr. Wal-
die is a member of the executive committee.
Fraternally h^ is connected with the local lodge

of Independent Order of Foresters. The Pres-
byterian denomination holds his membership
and receives his hearty support. For some time
lie ofificiated as Sunday-school superintendent
and at this writing is honored with the ofifice of
president of the Ventura County Sunday-School
Association, which office he has held for four
years in succession. For some years he has
served the congregation as an elder. To all
movements for the promotion of temperance he
lends his aid, being a member of the Anti-Saloon
League and president of the local league con-
nected with the Presbyterian Church. He casts
his vote for the nominees of the Prohibition
party, and by example and precept casts his in-
fluence on the side of temperance. Since com-
ing to Santa Paula he has met with a success
that is as gratifying as it is deserved. Through
his industry and high principles of honor he has
become known as one of the substantial men of
the town, and is always ready to assist in move-
ments for its moral, spiritual and educational up-
building.

HON. M. A. LUCE. As postmaster of San
Diego, to which office he was appointed by his
former classmate. President McKinley, Judge
Luce has maintained the high reputation estab-
lished by previous service in other official posi-
tions. A resident of this city since 1873, there
is probably no citizen who has a larger circle of
acquaintances than he. these including not only
the pioneers of San Diego, but the young busi-
ness men of the present day. Two years after
he settled in this city he was elected judge of
the county court, and held the office until Janu-
ar\-, 1880, when under the new constitution the
present courts were established. In the fall of
1880 he was chosen attorney for the Southern
California Railroad, of which he was later
elected vice president, continuing in both capaci-
ties until the road was built from San Diego to
Barstow and into Los Angeles. After resigning in
1887, he spent some time in recuperation, and in
1889 became a member of the law firm of Luce,
McDonald & Torrance, which became in 1898
the law firm of Luce & Sloane, the latter part-
nership continuing to the present. From early
manhood he has been a warm admirer of Repub-
lican principles, and has never failed to uphold
them by his ballot. In 1868 he was an.alternate
to the national convention that nominated U.
S. Grant for president, and he has frequently
attended similar gatherings in later days. At
one time he was chairman of the county central
committee, and he has also been connected with
the state central committee, and many times
delegate to state conventions. His appointment
as postmaster in March, 1898, was therefore not
only a tribute from the president to him as a
former friend and classmate, but was a worth)
recognition of iiis long advocacy of Republican

484

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

doctrines and his prominence in the party in
Southern California.

The genealogy of the Luce family is traced
back to Normandy, whence they accompanied
William the Conqueror to England. From that
country they early came to America, settling in
^lassachusetts. Daniel Luce was born in Maine,
liis father having moved there from Martha's
X'ineyard. During the war of 1812 he went
to the front with the American army. His son,
Christopher, who was born near Farmington,
Me., settled in Illinois in 1837 and became a pio-
neer Baptist preacher in Adams and other coun-
ties. In 1873 he settled at Poway, San Diego
county, Cal., where he died in 1897, aged eighty-
nine years. His wife, Sarah, was born at Mere-
dith, N. H., and died in Illinois. She was a
daughter of James Pottle, who was of English
descent, as was also his wife, a Miss Hoyt.
Christopher and Sarah Luce had three sons who
attained mature years, viz. : George, who was an
attorney in Monmouth, 111., and died in 1861;
U'illiam T., an attorney, who died in 1864; and
M. A., of San Diego. The last-named was born
in Payson, 111., ^lay 14, 1842, and was reared in
Adams, Pike, Hancock and McDonough coun-
ties, 111. In 1858 he went to Hillsdale College
in Michigan.

At the opening of the Civil war Mr. Luce de-
temiined to enter the army, and as soon as pos-
sible volunteered his service. In May, 1862, he
became a member of Company E, Fourth Michi-
gan Infantry, which was mustered in at Adrian
for three years. Among his first battles were
the first engagement at Bull Run, Yorktown.
Mechanicsville, Gaines Mill, White Oak Swamp.
Malvern Hill, second battle of Bull Run, where,
on account of sunstroke, he was obliged to re-
main in a hospital at .\lexandria for a time. Re-
joining his regiment, lie was at Chancellorsville,
Hristow, Rappahannock Station, Wilderness.
Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and
minor skirmishes. At Spottsylvania he was made
a sergeant. .\t the expiration of his time, in
July, 1864, he was mustered out at Detroit. In
1890 one of his acts of bravery in the war re-
ceived recognition from the secretary of war by
the bestowal of the congressional medal of
honor, given him for rescuing a comrade from
Michigan, who was wounded and lay under the
enemy's fire at Spottsylvania, after thc\' had
made the assault.

After his return to Hillsdale College. Mr.
Luce earned the degree of A. B. in 1866 and
later the degree of .V. M. In 1866 he matricu-
lated in .A.lbanv Law School, from which he
graduated in 1867. Among his classmates there
was William McKinley. .After his admission to
the New York bar he returned to Illinois and en-
tered the law office of Judge Glenn in Mon-
mouth. The next year he opened an oflfice in
r.ushnell, near Monmouth, where he was city
altornev for three terms. I->oni there he came

to San Diego in 1873. In addition to his other
mterests, he is now president of the Golden Hill
Land & Improvement Company and president
of the Shenandoah Mining Company. During
his residence in Bushnell, 111., he married Aliss
Adelaide Alantania, who was born in New York.
They have three children living: Grace, now
Mrs. Wallace Irwin, of San Francisco; Marie
H.; and Edgar A., who is a student in Leland
Stanford University.

In the Unitarian Church Judge Luce is presi-
dent of the board of trustees. While General
Miles was commander of the Medal of Honor
Legion he appointed Judge Luce as judge-advo-
cate of the same. His connection with the Civil
war is borne in his memory through attendance
at the meetings of Heintzelman Post No. 28,
G. A. R., and he was honored by this post in his
election as its first commander. Fraternally he
is associated wi.th the Knights of Pythias and
the Masons, his connection with the latter being
particularly important. While in Hillsdale he
was made a Mason and is now a member of San
Diego Lodge No. 35, F. & A. M., also belongs
to the Chapter, Commandery and Lodge Per-
fection in this city, being a Alason of the thirty-
second decree.

R. F. ROBERTSON. Thirty years of close
association with the upbuilding and progress of
a community gives a man prominence and influ-
ence among his neighbors ; hence we find Mr.
Robertson one of the best-known pioneers of
that portion of Ventura county lying near the
present site of Bardsdale. After having accu-
mulated a competency through his wise manage-
ment, he retired from active cares, and August
26, 1901, removed to Los ^Ajigeles, and pur-
chased property on East Ninth street. Later he
acquired by purchase a comfortable home at No.
814 Golden avenue, and here he now resides,
sunounded by the comforts possible in this twen-
tieth century. In moving from Ventura county
he left a host of friends there, all of whom pro-
nounced him to be a true friend, an excellent
business man and an ideal neighbor, which are
three of the best qualifications of an American
citizen.

In Hancock county, 111.. Mr. Robertson was
born November 17, 1835. He was reared there
and in Missouri, and engaged in farming. In
the spring of 1862 he crossed the plains with an
emigrant train, landing at Honey Lake valley.
I^wson county, Cal., where he began farm pur-
suits. A few years later he went to the mines
(if Idaho City and secured employment there.
In the fall of 1870 he located on Sespe rancho.
a portion of which he still owns and which is
one of the pioneer grants of \'entura county.
Relieving the soil tn be adapted to fruit-growing,
lie made some experiments in this direction, and
as a result succeeded even JK'Xdnd his exiK'Cta-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

487

tions, thus encouraging others to take up the
same industry. However, his attention was de-
voted principally to the raising of hogs and
draft horses. For years he noticed evidences of
oil on his land, and since 1890 the L^nion Oil
Company has operated, by lease, fourteen oil
wells, the oil being of twenty-eight gravity. The
homestead consists of three hundred and twent_\--
five acres. Besides this property, he owns one
hundred and sixty acres near by, in \^entura
county, also considerable real estate in Lo? An-
geles, and cither property, all of which has been
accumulated since he came west. He is a stock-
holder in the South Side Improvement Company,
also a stockholder in the People's Lumber Com-
pany of \''entura county, and Yellow Bird Min-
ing Company of Arizona, and for }ears was
actively connected with the Pioneer Societv of
Ventura county. Politically he is a stanch Re-
publican.

The marriage of !Mr. Robertson, in 1874,
united him with Mrs. Sarah (Edwards) Haw-
kins, who died in 1888. The children born of
their union are named as follows : Ella, who is
the wife of Walter Smith, a merchant in Los
Angeles ; Permelia ; Esther : Owen, now attend-
ing the California State University at Berkeley ;
Thomas, a student in the Los Angeles high
school ; Emily, a student in the State Normal
School at Los Angeles ; and Nevia. who attends
the high school of Los Angeles. Mr. Robertson
has always been a believer in education. Per-
haps because he had few educational advantages
in boyhood, he has been especially solicitous that
his children should receive the best training pos-
sible and he has prepared them for the respon-
sibilities of life by giving them a good education.

WEYMOUTH CROWELL. As a contrac-
tor and builder Mr. Crowell is well known in
Los Angeles, Pasadena, and Seattle, Wash. The
occupation to which he is devoting himself does
not represent the sum of his activities, nor does
it properly gauge his claims for recognition. A
man with a large fund of general infonnation
gained by travel in different parts of the coun-
try, he has assimilated much knowledge of men
and events. Of Scotch ancestry, he is one of a
family for many years associated with Yarmouth
county, Nova Scotia, where he was born April
TO, 1864. His father, Weymouth Crowell, Sr.,
was a native of the same countv and spent the
greater part of his life in coast fishing on Grand
Banks, Newfoundland, but now makes his home
on a farm at Glenwood. By his marriage to
Elizabeth Gavel, who was born, reared and died
in Yarmouth county, he had eleven children,
four of whom are living in California, two in
the east, while five are deceased. Two sons,
Charles F. ,nnd William C. .-ire residents of Pasri-
dena.

Until his sixteenth year Weymouth Crowell
lived on his father's farm at Glenwood and at-
tended the public schools. In 1881 he went to
Townsend Center, Mass., where he worked in
a saw-mill, later learned the cooper's trade and
afterward studied carpentering, which he fol-
lowed in different parts of that state and Con-
necticut. The fall of 1884 found him, after a
short stop in Chicago, coming across the conti-
nent to Los Angeles, where, failing to find work
as a carpenter, he sought other employment.
For six months he chopped stove wood at'Sierra
^ladre and later worked at his trade there. Next
he went to Pasadena, where he engaged in car-
pentering. In 1889 he went to Seattle, Wash.,
where he built the Minor School and many fine
residences. Returning to Pasadena in 1894, he
engaged in contracting there, and finally estab-
lished himself in Los Angeles.

A notable experience in the life of Mr. Crow-
ell was his sojourn in search of gold in the Klon-
dike during 1897-98, at which time he and his
brother, with two companions, went over the
Chilcoot Pass, taking with them five tons of
provisions, necessary tools and each a dog. The
hardships they endured are scarcely conceivable
to those who are unfamiliar with the conditions
of the frozen north. By laying off over Sunday
they were saved from perishing in a snow-slide,
but their provisions were buried ten feet under
the snow. For navigation down the Yukon
river they built their own boats, sawing the lum-
ber out of large trees by hand, and, going up the
Stewart river, hitherto traversed by but few-
white men, met with disasters discouraging in
the extreme. Their raft was smashed going over
the rapids on the Mayo river and their packs
were scattered broadcast over the water, which
necessitated an enforced fast of two days. Arriv-
ing in Dawson, three out of the four worked on
one of the first claims discovered on Bonanza
creek, which they bought a lay on for $5,000. By
the hardest of work, putting in eighteen out of
every twenty-four hours at manual labor, and
keeping at their post for eight months, they se-
cured excellent returns, and returned to Califor-
nia with a fair opinion of the possibilities of a
dreary region.

After a visit to his old home in Nova Scotia.
Mr. Crowell again engaged in contracting and
building in Pasadena, where he buiit the Dods-
worth block, the finest in the city. In Los An-
geles he built the Angelus hotel, the first seven-
story structure erected there. In the summer of
1902 he built four additional stories to the Grant
building, which makes it a seven-story structure.
In the fall of 1901 he erected his own residence
on the corner of Fifth street and Beaudry ave-
nue, Los Angeles, which is a model of comfort.
Fraternally he is connected with Pasadena
Lodge Xo. 702, V. & A. M., in religion is of the
Baptist faith, and in politics votes with the Re-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

publican party. By his marriage to Ethel May
Ryder, a native of Nova Scotia, he has six chil-
dren: Harold R., Ethel May, Willard W., Flor-
ence A., Andrew and Alice Edna.

J. P. KILER. Since estabhshing his home
in Ventura county, in the spring of 1886,
Mr. Kiler has been identified with the horticul-
tural interests of this locahty. During August
following his arrival, he bought twenty-four and
one-half acres near Ventura, and on this place
he has since resided. His principal crop is apri-
cots, of which he produces five tons per acre
each year. To aid him in his work, he has
equipped a drying plant, with a capacity for one
hundred and fifty tons of green fruit, which,
being larger than the amount produced by him,
enables him to engage in the drying business for
others. Everything about the property bespeaks
the care and thrift of the owner, whose ambition
it is to bring the land under the best possible
cultivation and secure from it the largest crops
of which the soil is capable. In addition to this
ranch, he owns fifty-two and three-fourths acres
near Colton. San Bernardino county, which he
purchased in 1895.

In Greene county, Ohio, Mr. Kiler was born
in 1843 and there he grew to manhood on a
farm, learning the carpenter's trade when he was
a boy. At the age of nineteen, in 1862, he en-
listed in Company F, One Hundred and Tenth
Ohio Inizntrs', and was assigned to the army
of the Potomac, serving under Generals Meade,
Sheridan and Grant. One of his first engage-
ments was at Winchester, in the Shenandoah
valley, after which he was at Mine Run, the
Wildeniess and Spottsylvania. In the battle of
the Wilderness he was slightly wounded. At
a later engagement under Grant, in 1864, at
Cold Harbor.he suffered a great misfortune, his
left eye being shot out, and afterward he was for
a year confined in hospitals at Washington, Lit-
tle York and Philadelphia, Pa. Upon receiving
an honorable discharge from the army at the
close of the war, he returned to Ohio.

The year 1867 found Mr. Kiler settling upon a
farm in Cass county, Mo., and there he remained
for nine years, engaging in farm pursuits. Next,
returning to Ohio, he followed the carpenter's
trade for three years. In 1878 he went to
Johnson county. Neb., and embarked in the
general mercantile business in Tecumseh, where
he remained seven years, and from that town
he came to California in 1886. All movements
for the benefit of Ventura county receive his
hearty support. He is a stockholder in the Sati-
coy Water Company, also in the Rothdaie Co-
operative Company at Ventura. The Prohibi-
tion party receives his stanch support and he is
a subscriber to all of the well-known papers of
liis party. In the work of tlie Anti-Saloon
League he has been especially active, but all

temperance movements receive his earnest sup-
port as well. By his contributions to the Pres-
byterian Church of \'entura, with which he is
connected, he helps to promote the cause of re-
ligion in his community. During August of 1898
he assisted in organizing the \'entura County
Mutual Fire Insurance (Tompany, of which he
has acted as agent for two years. The excellent
standing of this company is shown by the fact
that he has written up $129,175 in policies from
the 1st of January, 1901, to the ist of January,
1902. The Farmers' Club of Ventura county
has him among its members, and he takes a lead-
ing part in all of its activities.

In Ohio Mr. Kiler married Miss Letitia
Baker, daughter of Nale and Hulda Baker, who
were of Quaker ancestry. They have six chil-
dren: Brinton C. B. and W. L., both of San
Francisco; Mrs. May Dunning, of Ventura:
Dale, of Indio, Cal.; William and Mary Alice, of
Ventura.

W. D. ROBINSON. The career of Mr. Rob-
inson represents the fulfilment of practical as-
pirations. His efiforts have been founded on the
pressing needs of the community and fortified
by sound business principles and admirable com-
mon sense. While he is at present living in
Santa Barbara, a large portion of his success
is connected with the city of Detroit. Mich.,
which owes not a little of its prestige to his un-
tiring work and keen foresight.

A native of Shrewsbury, England, Mr. Rob-
inson came to America with his parents when
eight years old, and settled in Rochester, N. Y.,
where his father was engaged in the coal trade.
On graduating from the high school, at nineteen
years of age he went to Boston, Mass., and be-
came a traveling salesman for a large shoe man-
ufacturing establishment. After building up a
large business through Michigan, Indiana, Ohio
and Illinois, he proposed to the house the open-
ing of a branch wholesale establishment in De-
troit, Mich., which suggestion seemed feasible,
and resulted in the incorporation of the firm of
Underwood, Cochrane & Co. Of this house Mr.
Robinson became managing partner. Lender his
administration the business increased to the ex-
tent of covering the whole western countrv. At
the end of three years H. S. Robinson, a brother
of W. D., was taken into the company as part-
ner, and the name was changed to W. D. Robin-
son, Burtenshaw & Co. The firm built a large
shoe factory in Detroit and transacted a business
aggregating three-quarters of a million dollars
annually. Mr. Robin.son continued at the head
until his retirement in 1890, after which H. S.
Robinson and Mr. Burtenshaw continuerl the
business for several vears.

Durinsr 1890 W. I). Robinson began to oper-
ate in real estate in Detroit. an<l from that lime

:^A.

l^^^i^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

491

he vigorously worked to beautify the city. For
his success in this work he deserves to be remem-
bered as one of the city's benefactors. He cre-
ated several subdivisions in the suburbs, and laid
out one of the handsomest streets in Detroit,
through the center of which was distributed in
each block a park sixty feet wide, called Aled-
bury park. This was presented to the city with
the proviso that his original plans be in no way
allowed to deteriorate and that the l>eautifying
process be kept up indefinitely. He established
the building line back twenty-five feet, and this
left the unusually large dimensions of sixty feet
for park, sixty feet for pavement on each side
of the park, and eighty feet for sidewalks and
lawns. With a fine appreciation of the origina-
tor's laudable project, the city has since taken
commendable pride in carrying out his ideas, and
the drives, walks and parks are surpassed by few
cities. Mr. Robinson also laid out Robinson Ter-
race, two hundred and seven feet of which are
on Second avenue, and one hundred feet on
Henry street, the whole constituting the most
beautiful three-story terrace in the city. Adjoin-
ing this he built his own brick residence, and
next to that erected the Richelieu family hotel,
an elegant structure three stories high. Numer-
ous other buildings and improvements are attrib-
utable to him, especially those on Cass park, all
of which he eventually disposed of to other par-
ties. Mr. Robinson was one of the incorpora-
tors and tlirectors of the Postal Telegraph ("om-
pany, which netted him enormous returns. He
was also an incorporator and director in the
Lake Huron and Michigan Steam Navigation
Company, which owned and operated a large
fleet of freighters between Bufifalo and Chicago.
As a director, as well as one of the largest stock-
holders, he was interested in the P'rontier iron
works of Detroit, among the largest steam-en-
gine builders on the lakes. He was also manag-
ing director of the Hydro-Carbon Funiace Com-
pany. Postmaster-General Don M. Dickinson
was for years his associate partner in several
large business enterprises.

Deciding upon an entire change of occupation
and climate, in 1897 Mr. Robinson came to Santa
Barbara and engaged in the oil business, his field
of operation being Summerland. There he pur-
chased the Wilson pumping plant and oil wells.
The ownership and management of these wells
is vested in the Robinson Oil Company, of which
he is general manager. He is interested in oil
in the Sunset district on the Kern river ; also in
the Southern Pacific Oil Company, of which he
is managing director; and has besides a large
interest in the Hickey-Robinson Drilling Com-
pany at Summerland, of which he is finance man-
ager. Broadening his scope of activity still fur-
ther, he appreciates the prospects for oil in
Texas, where he owns valuable oil lands, lie
is an incorporator and director of El Beaumont

Consolidated Oil Company, at Beaumont, Tex.,
also an incorporator and president of the Guar-
antee Oil and Refining Company of Spindle Top,
Tex. He is a member oi the Santa Barbara
Chamber of Commerce. While in Detroit he as-
sisted in organizing the Board of Trade. Politi-
cally he is a Republican, and fraternally is as-
sociated with the Benevolent Protective Order of
Elks, being a charter member of the Santa Bar-
bara Lodge.

In Rochester, N. Y., Mr. Robinson married
Abigail Dyer, who was born in that city, and by
whom he has two sons, Charles W. and Edwin
S. The former, who is engaged in the oil busi-
ness, is a director in the North Star Oil Com-
pany, an incorporator and director of the Guar-
antee Oil and Refining Company, and superin-
tendent of the Robinson Oil Company's plant in
Summerland. Edwin S. is treasurer of the
Southern Pacific Oil Company, treasurer of the
Hickey-Robinson Oil Well Drilling Company,
treasurer of the Robinson Oil Company, an in-
corporator of El Beaumont Consolidated (HI
Company and an incorporator and director of
the Guarantee Oil and Refining Company.

THOMAS BELL. The ranch of one hundred
acres, owned and managed by Mr. Bell, is a
worthy addition to the many splendid and pro-
lific properties in the Ventura valley. Located
two miles northeast of Oxnard, it has been fitted
with all modem devices and improvements, fine
house, barn, fences, hedges, windmill and pump-
ing plant, for the irrigating of ten acres of
lemons. There are also raised many other
kinds of fruit for home consumption, as well as
general fami produce.

A native of Richland county, Ohio. Mr. Belt
was born October 2. 1849. a son of William and
Polly (Turbett) Bell, natives of Pennsylvania,
and of German descent. He grew to manhood
in his native state and county, and was reared
to be a practical farmer and good manager. His
education was acquired in the public schools,
and later in life he added to his original fund
of information by wide reading and general ob-
servation. With wise discernment for the future
he came to Southern California June 5. 187 1.
and settled in Ventura county, where he worked
for Jake K. Cries, in whose employ he continued
for seventeen years. Naturally, the faithfulness
to trust, indicated by this long retention in one
service, would bring its reward, and in 1875 he
had accumulated sufificient capital from his sav-
ings to purchase one hundred acres of land. So
rapid has been his success that he also now owns
four hundred and twenty acres in partnership
with Mr. Gries, near Springville Postoffice.
which is rented out to other parties and is on
a paving basis.

Much of his success Mr. Bell attributes to the
companionship and sympathetic assistance of his

492

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

wife, who was formerly Frances H. Rice, of
Sutter county, Cal., and whom he married in
June, 1887. Mrs. Bell is a daughter of Samuel
and Rebecca Rice, the former of whom was an
early settler in California. Mr. Bell is a Repub-
lican in politics, and has held several positions
of trust, among them being the olifice of super-
visor, to which his district elected him in 1892.
He is one of the well-known and honored agri-
cnUurists of his neighborhood, and his rise in the
world is the result of his own ability and deter-
mination to succeed. He is one of the promi-
nent members of the Pioneer Society, which was
founded in 1873.

W. B. METCALF, treasurer of Santa Barbara
county since 1892, was born in Hydesville, Hum-
boldt'county, Cal., September 3, 1862. Of Eng-
lish descent, he comes of a family first repre-
sented in America by the paternal grandfather,
who setded in Massachusetts, where he was en-
gaged in the woolen business. His son, O. D.,
the father of W. B. Metcalf, was born in Anson,
Somerset county. Me., and was a merchant in
that state until' his removal to California, via
Panama, in 1862. The mercantile business was
resumed in Flydesville, Humboldt county, Cal,
imtil 1868, wiien he came to Santa Barbara
county and engaged in the sheep business on an
extensive scale. H's ranch, called Guadalasca,
consisted of twenty thousand acres, and the
sheep industry flourished thereon until 1877,
when a severe drought and the consequent loss
resulted in the sale of the property and a re-
sumption of mercantile pursuits. At present
retired from active business, Mr. Metcalf is liv-
ing in Santa Barbara. His wife, formerly Sarah
W. Dinsmore, was bom in Somerset county.
Me. Her father, B. T. Dinsmore. was a lumber-
man in the cast and crossed the plains in the late
'50s, settling at Hydesville, where he was in-
terested in stock-raising, farming and mercantile
enterprises. In 1868 he changed his field of
activity to Santa Barbara county, where he
owned a ranch called San Ysidoro, upon which
in 1 87 1 he set out the first orange grove of the
vicinity, and was successful as an horticulturist
and stock-raiser. His useful and industrious
life terminated in 1881. He was the father of
six children, of whom four sons and one daugh-
ter are living.

The education of W. B. Metcalf was acquired
in the public schools of Santa Barbara county,
and in 1880 he came to the city and entered the
employ of the First National Bank. .At the end
of three years he assisted his father in his mer-
cantile business, and in 1886 became one of the
organizers, and the cashier, of the Santa Barbara
Savings Bank. Upon the reorganization of the
bank a year later as the Commercial Bank. Mr.
Metcalf continued to be the cashier, and has
held the position ever since. In 1891 the same

officers incorporated the Santa Barbara Savings
& Loan Bank, Mr. Metcalf necessarily filling a
similar position with the new concern.

As a stanch and uncompromising Republican
Mr. Metcalf has ever taken a keen interest in the
undertakings of his party, and has been promi-
nently before the public since 1892, when he was
nominated county treasurer and elected by a
large plurality over two candidates. Assuming
the duties of' his office in January of 1893, he
was re-elected county treasurer in 1894, by an
increased majority, over the fusion ticket which
represented three candidates. In 1898 he was
further honored by his fellow townsmen b_\
being re-elected without opposition, his term of
office to continue until January of 1903. He is
a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Fra-
ternally Mr. Metcalf is associated with Masonic
Lodge No. 192, and with the Royal Arch Ma-
sons, in which he is past high priest, and with
St. Omar Commandery No. 30, K. T., of which
he is senior warden. He is especially active in
Santa Barbara Parlor No. 116, Native Sons of
the Golden West. At the convention of the
Native Sons at Santa Barbara in 1901, Mr. Met-
calf was chairman of the local executive commit-
tee that arranged for the entertainment of the
convention guests, and worked for a year pre-
viously to raise the $4,000 used in carrying out
their plans.

The marriage of Mr. Metcalf and Frances
Chamberlain occurred in Cincinnati, Oliio, Mrs.
Metcalf being a native of Jacksonville, 111., and
a graduate of the Illinois Female College by
which institution she received the degree of
A. B. To Mr. and Mrs. Metcalf has been born
one child. Stanley.

JARRETT T. RICHARDS. The history of
the Richards family in America dates back to
the latter part of the eighteenth century, when
Rev. Lewis Richards was sent to Virginia as a
missionary by Lady Huntingdon. There he mar-
ried a Miss Custis, a member of the family to
which belonged the first husband of Martha
Washington. Their son, John Custis Richards,
a native of Maryland, engaged in the wholesale
mercantile business in Baltimore, but died in
Chambersburg, Pa. Next in line of descent was
John Custis Richards, Jr., M. D., one of the
most influential physicians of his day and local-
ity. Born in Baltimore, June i, i8i2, he was
thirteen when he became a pupil in Bel Air
Academy. In 1830 he matriculated as a sopho-
more in Yale College, where he continued his
studies until the close of the junior year, but
was then called home by the extreme illness of
liis mother and brother, who shortly afterward
died, leaving him the only survivor of a large
family. Turning his attention to the study of
medicine under Dr. Samuel Baker, professor of
anatomx in the Cniversitv of Marxland, he

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

afterward entered the University, from which
he received the degree of M. D. in 1834.
The early years of his professional hfe were
]iassed in Bahimore, where he not only had a
private practice, but also engaged in hospital
work and was dispensary physician for a time.
The confinement of city life proving too ex-
hausting, in Jime, 1837, he removed to Cham-
bersburg. Pa., where he soon built up a large-
practice and became a prominent citizen. His
character was typical of the gentleman of the
old school. Possessing the highest principles
of honor, he was incapable of a mean act or an
unkind deed. His devotion to Christianity was
shown not alone by his membership in Falling
Springs Presbyterian Church, but also by every
act of a noble life. During the Civil war he
acted as surgeon in charge of the hospital at
Chambersburg, and in 1863 was appointed on
the staf¥ of the surgeon-general, as one of the
volunteer aid corps of surgeons of Pennsylvania.
July 3, 1864, when Chambersburg was burned,
he and other prominent citizens were captured
and held for ransom, while threats were made to
burn the city if a certain sum was not paid. The
price being refused, the city was burned, the
prisoners turned loose, and he hurried to his
home, vainly hoping he might be in time to save
something, but the effort was futile, and indeed
he barely had time to escape from the burning
city. Later he returned and assisted other
citizens in the rebuilding of the town. He was
an organizer of the Franklin County Medical
Society, of which he was long a valued member.
His death occurred June 11, 1874. We are in-
debted to the Records of the Pennsylvania
Medical Society for the above sketch of the life
and ancestry of Dr. John Custis Richards.

In Chambersburg, Pa., where he was born
November i, 1843, Jarrett T. Richards received
his primary education. E.xceptional advantages
were his, for he was privileged to study on the
continent from 1861 to 1863. On his return he
entered Columbia College, from which he was
graduated in 1866, with the degree of LL. B.,
receiving at the same time the second prize in
municipal law. During the same year he began
to practice in New York in the office of Brown,
Hall & Vanderpool, after which he spent sixteen
months in Erie, Pa., and in 1868 came to Cali-
fornia, arriving in Santa Barbara November 3.
From that time to this he has engaged in pro-
fessional work and is now the oldest practitioner
in the city. Meantime he has been active in local
affairs, and in 1875 served as mayor, while at
another time he was city attorney. In 1879 he
was one of the Republican candidates for justice
of the supreme court, but the fusion between
the Democrats and the Workingmen's party,
caused the defeat of the whole Republican
ticket, with one exception. As a citizen, he was
l)ronounced in his opposition to railroad subsidy,

which he helped to defeat, saving the county
from bonds and debt. As an attorney, he has
been prominent in the litigation in this and
Ventura counties during all the years of his
residence in California. He is connected with
the Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce, is
connected with the State Bar Association and
for some time served on the state central com-
mittee of the Republican party.

R. H. PINNEY. The executive and business
ability of Mr. Pinney has contributed in no small
degree to the upbuilding of many important en-
terprises represented in Pasadena. Preceded by
a many-sided career in different parts of the mid-
dle west, he came to California in 1885, and has
here availed himself of opportunities which have
not only netted him large personal returns, but
have placed many others in comfortable circum-
stances. Possessing the gifts of insight and en-
thusiasm himself, he has also the faculty of trans-
mitting his plans to others, and thus enHsting
their sympathy and co-operation.

A native of Woodhull, Steuben county, N. Y.,
]\Ir. Pinney was born November 10, 1847, ^ son
of William H. and Sarah (Henck) Pinney, na-
tives respectively of New York and Pennsylva-
nia. The paternal grandfather, Ovid, was a man
of force and determination, and accomplished
much during the course of his well-directed
life. He was born in New York, and for many
years was a broker in Albany and Buffalo, which
cities owe much of their subsequent prosperity
to his efforts in the early days. He laid out
many of the important parts of Albany, and
otherwise contributed towards its substantial
growth. Upon his removal to Minneapolis,
Minn., he became identified with the pioneer
real estate interests of that city, where his death
occurred. His son, William H. Pinney, was for
many years a farmer in New York state, remov-
ing at a later period to Redbank, N. J., and still
later to New Brunswick, N. J. In the latter city
he represented the Mutual Life Insurance Com-
pany of New York, and still later represented the
same company in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was very
successful in the Buckeye state, but finally dis-
posed of his business there and removed to Fort
Scott, Kans., where he engaged in the banking
business. About 1894 he came to Pasadena,
where he lived in retirement until his death in
1898. He was a man of firm convictions, a
stanch Abolitionist, a Republican, and a devoted
member of the Universalist Church. Of the
seven children in his family who are still living
Airs. V. E. Farmer and Lou M. are residents of
Los Angeles; George H. is a broker and real
estate dealer of Los -Angeles: H. J. lives in Pasa-
dena: and Chas. W. is engaged in the banking
business at Caldwell, Idaho.

LTntil his tenth year R. H. Pinney lived in
New York, and then accompanied the rest of his

■J 94

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

father's family to Xew Jersey. He was educated
in the pubHc and private schools of Xew York
and Xew Jersey. In 1865 he removed to Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, and soon after spent a year on a
farm near Berlin, Sangamon county. 111. He
was afterward assistant postmaster of Berlin,
and in time postmaster, and at the expira-
tion of his term of service associated him-
self with the firm of Hayden & Ransom,
a large mercantile firm at Jacksonville. After
three years he removed to Lincoln, Xeb.,
and engaged in clerking, and was for a time
steward of the "old Atwood House," and later
the new Hotel Steward of that city. In the fall
of 1872 he built the first building in Fairmont,
Fillmore county. Xeb., fifty miles west of Lin-
coln, and started the first store in the place.
The embryo hamlet was called Hesperia, but
with the advent of the railroad the name was
changed to the more practical one of F"airmont.
Mr. Pinney became the first postmaster of the
town, holding the ofifice for many years, and in
time becoming one of its most prominent and in-
fluential citizens. He owned a large stock farm
and started an implement business in connection
with his general merchandise store. He secured
a large mail contract from the government, be-
tween Columbus. Xeb., and Belleville, Kans.
He also engaged in the brokerage business, and
was justice of the peace for many years.

During this time Mr. Pinney represented the
Equitable Loan and Trust Company of Omaha,
Neb.; Xewark, X. J., and Boston, Mass.. placing
for them many hundreds of thousands of dol-
lars, taking as security the beautiful farms in
Fillmore and York counties, at such reasonable
rates of interest as to enable him to establish a
very remunerative business. But on account of
ill health of his family he was forced to a more
sunny climate. In the spring of 1885 he located
in Los Angeles. Two years later he disposed
of his business in Fillmore county and later he
sold his farm upon which he had been raising
fine stock, and upon settling in Pasadena en-
gaged in the real estate business. This venture
proved a costly experiment and he withdrew, the
loser by $40,000. The following year, in 1888.
he started a feed and fuel business, in which he
made a success. This was disposed of in 1899.
that he might devote all of his time to the Mu-
tual Building and Loan Association, in which he
was a director, and of which he was appointed
secretary. This association has done a great
deal for Pasadena, and by reason of its practical
methods has made it possible for many to own
homes who would otherwise be unable to pur-
chase them. Mr. Pinney is also a member of
the firm of Pinney & Xash, dealers in real es-
tate, insurance and loans, through whose hands
have passed some of the most important deals
in the history of the city.

The mining and oil resources ot California

have been recognized by Mr. Pinney to no small
extent, and in the former capacity he is inter-
ested in the Imperial Mining, Milling and Smelt-
ing Company, at Imperial. In 1901 he organ-
ized the Revenue Oil Company, bought forty
acres of land near Bakersfield, Cal.. and incor-
porated the company. This property has proved
a profitable investment, and the six wells sunk
l^roduce about ten thousand barrels per month,
which has enabled the company to pay dividends.
Mr. Pinney is secretary of this company. He
fills a similar position with the Amazon Oil
Company, operating upon forty acres of land in
the Kern river district, where also there are six
pumping wells. He organized and is secretary
of the Hickler Oil Company, owning two hun-
dred and seventy acres of oil land near Pirn.
X'entura county, adjoining a producing property.
He is a member of the Pasadena Board of Trade
and of the Merchants' Protective Association.

In Lincoln, Xeb., Mr. Pinney married Rose
T. Ballard, who died in Pasadena, leaving three
children: William H., who was a student in the
jjublic schools of Pasadena and of the Univer-
sity of Southern California, and is now advertise-
ment writer for Hale Brothers, of San Francisco :
Frank \'., who was educated at Throop Institute
and Los Angeles Business College, and is vice-
president of the Arizona Xewspaper Publishing
Company, with headquarters at Bisbee: and
Zola L., now the wife of Harry J. Royal, of Los
Angeles. Cal. The second marriage of Mr. Pin-
ney occurred in Pasadena, and was with Kath-
arine L. Tower, a native of Massachusetts. .Mr.
Pinney is associated with the Royal Arcanum,
the Knights of the Maccabees, and the F"rater-
nal Brotherhood. Since his boyhood days in
Illinois he has been an active worker in the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and in Fairmont,
Xeb., he helped to organize the Methodist
Episcopal Churcli of that town. In Pasadena he
is connected, as steward, treasurer and secretary
of the executive committee, with the First Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, and was a member of
the building committee when the magnificent
new edifice was erected. In politics he was a
Republican, but since 1887 has been allied with
the Prohibition party. Fie is a stanch advocate
of temperance, not only as the term is applied
to intoxicants, but in the general affairs of life.

IRA O. SMITH. During the last eighteen
years of his life th-.- city of Los .\ngeles claimed
the citizenship of Ira O. Smith, who for a time
came and went in the busy marts of trade, later
retiring to a merited rest from former activity.
A stately jjersonality, carrying under a reserved
demeanor a splendid business capacity and un-
impeachable integrity, he had a nature which
drew its chief inspiration from the appreciation
and good-will of intimate friends, and from the
love of those gathered around his own fireside.

i^.^^^^^;^-^:^^^'^-^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

The keynote to his character was his love of
home, and his business success was bounded on
all sides by the strictest honor. His death, May
8, 1 901, removed one of those who constitute an
undercurrent in the community of never-varving;
strength.

Like so many who find in the City of the An-
gels a pleasant place in which to spend their
mature years, Mr. Smith came here crowned
with a reputation as one of the most successful
and progressive pioneers of another part of the
country, his efforts having been directed to the
upbuilding of Michigan. A native of Victor,
Monroe county, N. Y., he was born in January
of 1827, and when eleven years of age removed
with his parents to Flint, Mich. His father was
one of the founders of Rochester, N. Y., and a
promoter of the Erie canal. In a state renowned
for its lumbering opportunities, his son naturally
became interested in this line of occupation, and
at the age of twenty went to Grand Haven, Mich.,
where he was thus engaged for five years. In
the midst of an almost impenetrable forest he
purchased the well-known Black Lake mill, and
bent his energies to not only operating the same,
but to clearing the surrounding country, making
roads, and transforming the wilderness into a
business center. It is not surprising that his
reward was equal to his labor, and that in 1862,
after disposing of his milling interests, he had
to show for his pains a considerable fortune.
After removing to Muskegon, Mich., his pro-
nounced business insight found vent in connec-
tion with the Muskegon Booming Compan_\', the
largest lumber organization in the state, of
which he eventually became president. As proof
of his good management it is only necessary to
state that the stockholders received an annual
dividend of twenty per cent. While amassing a
large fortune in Muskegon, he held numerous
official positions in the city, and was successively
elected county clerk, registrar, supervisor and al-
derman, filling these offices of trust with singular
regard for the best interests of the community.
After removing to Ashland, and engaging in the
manufacture of lumber with a former partner
from Michigan, the goddess of fortune still con-
tinued to direct his undertakings, and to retain
him as one of the favored sons of toil.

Upon removing to Los Angeles Mr. Smith de-
cided to retire from business activities, although
after a time he became a director in the Citizens'
Bank, and in this capacity was associated with
leading business men of the town. Two months
before" his death, owing to long continued rheu-
matism, he retired from the bank association, and
was thereafter confined to his home. During
his life here his favorite recreation was duck
hunting, at which he was an expert. He was a
member of the Masonic fraternity and a Knight
Templar. Mr. Smith was twice married, and is
survived by his wife, who was formerly Mrs.

Sarah (Barry) McDaniel. He was the father
of Mrs. Minnie L. Gardener, deceased, formerly
the wife of Judge William Paul Gardener, since
deceased, leaving three children: Minnie L., Ira
O. and Paul Gardener, residents of Los Angeles,
at Xo. 636 West Adams street.

JOSHUA A. CON A WAY. Like so many of
the pioneers who sought the golden possibilities
of the far west, Mr. Conaway came hither in the
long and tedious way that fell to the lot of the
greater portion of the emigrants of those days.
Leaving his Missouri home in 1853, he crossed
the plains via the overland route with ox teams,
and suffered many deprivations and dangers.
Upon locating in Amador county, on the Moke-
lumne river, he engaged in the occupations of
farming and stock-raising, to which in youth he
had become accustomed. For nearly seventeen
years he lived on different ranches. From Ama-
dor he removed to San Joaquin county and se-
cured the title to government land, which he im-
proved and planted in various fruits and a vine-
yard. Surrounded by the comforts obtained by
liis industry, he remained there for twelve years.
Eventually coming to \'entura county, he home-
steaded a claim. Very unjustly he was obliged
to pay the Southern Pacific Railroad Company
for the land. However, he had the privilege of
retaliating, for when the company desired the
right of way through his property he made them
pay twice as much for the land as his neighbors
received for theirs, and in this way he received
his money back.

From time to time Mr. Conaway added to his
possessions by the purchase of more land, until
he now has six hundred and twenty acres. At
first he raised sheep and other kinds of stock,
as well as wheat and barley. Of later years he
has handled cattle, horses and hogs, and en-
gaged extensively in general farming and fruit
raising. He erected a convenient and comfort-
able home, put up a substantial barn and insti-
tuted modern and labor-saving improvements.
This varied line of business was carried on until
1894, when he formed a stock company, com-
posed of the members of his family, called the
Conaway Company, Incorporated, of which he
was president and general manager. This novel
idea has been the subject of much favorable com-
ment on the part of Mr. Conaway's neighbors
and friends, who recognize the many-sided ad-
vantages it is possible to develop therefrom.
The farm is a monument to the patience, skill
and good management of the owner, every tree
and shrub having been planted by himself, while
every advance made has been of the most sub-
stantial kind.

The early life of Mr. Conaway was spent in
Monongalia county, W. Va.. where he was born
April 4, 1830. From there he accompanied his
parents to Monroe county, Ohio, and later to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Tyler count}', W. Va. Of Irish descent, his
paternal great-grandfather came to America be-
fore the Revolution, and for many years the de-
scendants lived in West Virginia. Eli, father of
Joshua A. Conaway, was born in Virginia, east
of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his wife, Mary
(Baker) Conaway, was born, of Welsh descent,
in the same locality. Of their nine children
Joshua A. was the sixth. He received his edu-
cation in public schools, and when twenty years
of age removed to Iowa, where he farmed in
Linn county. Next he tried his luck in the Wis-
consin pineries. At the end of two years he set-
tled in Ashley, Pike county. Mo., where he was
overseer on a plantation, and later ran an en-
gine in a lumber establishment.

In 1859 Mr. Conaway married Miss Elizabeth
J. Blamey, who was born in England, and died
m Ventura county January 25, 1894. Ten chil-
d^■en were born of their union, eight of whom
are now living. The eldest, Mary, is, the widow
of H. S. Adney and publishes the Antelope Val-
ley Gazette, which was founded by her husband.
Alice and Ethan W. are deceased. The others
are named as follows: Austin, of Los Angeles;
Charles W., of Santa Monica; Jennie B., wife
of Charles Gilday; Albion N. T. ; Lulu V. and
Lelia V. (twins), the former the wife of F. W.
Kent and the latter Mrs. J. R. Black; and Ben-
ton Conaway.

Since coming to Ventura county Mr. Conaway
has been prominent in the affairs of his adopted
locality, and in politics especially has taken an
active part in undertakings of the Democratic
party. In this capacity he has been a director
in the Cienega school district. As one of the
supervisors, elected in February of 1873, he took
an active part in the organization of Ventura
county, also systematized the board that built
the courthouse and jail, and was otherwise in-
strumental in securing important improvements
in the building up of the county. In 1880 he
was elected county assessor, in which position he
has served for seven years. His influence upon
the moral tone of his neighborhood has been
pronounced, and as steward and trustee of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, he has been fore-
most in many good works. His well-known
views on the temperance question have been
fearlessly maintained, and it is a generally recog-
nized fact that his life and deeds bear out ui
their entirety his expressed convictions.

CHARLES E. SHERMAN. In November
of 1869 Charles E. Sherman, ex-farmer, dairy-
man, miner, stage driver, and general busmcss
man, arrived in Santa Barbara with seventy-five
cents in his pocket, and no experience in the
business which was to be his occupation. He
located on the corner which he has since pur-
chased and rented a small building, and for three
months bought meat of his brother-in-law, after

which he began to buy his own cattle and do his
own slaughtering. In 1870 himself and Mr.
Eland built a slaughter house, and in 1872
formed the partnership which has lasted ever
since. From the start they had two markets, and
have since had three and four retail markets, be-
sides carrying on a large wholesale trade. Ad-
joining the city they have a ranch of three hun-
dred and sixty acres. They own a steam sau-
sage plant and steam rendering works, and make
about the finest bacon in the state. While the
railroad was being built they ran a slaughter
house at Gaviota and supplied the railroad gangs
with meat, running four-horse teams to supply
the demand. The contract was a very heavy
one, and the trip between Gaviota and Point
Concepcion a trying one, but the firm filled their
contract to the letter and were said to furnish
the finest meat ever eaten by the men. The firm
also deal in shipping cattle and sheep to Los
Angeles, and have bought the original corner
where they first started business.

Back to Revolutionary days the Shermans
trace their descent, the original home of their
forefathers having been in England. Charles E.
Sherman was born in Bellevue, Jackson county,
Iowa, in 1843, a son of George Sherman,
who was born in Addison county, Vt., and came
to Iowa in 1840 with the paternal grandfather
Sherman. He had previously married Eliza
Morgan, of Vermont, who died in Iowa in 1854.
As one of the early pioneers of Bellevue Mr.
Sherman took an active interest in the develop-
ment of the town, and for many years ran the
ferry across the Mississippi river. He subse-
quently turned his attention to farming nine
miles from the town, and there occurred his
death in 1854. There were three children in the
family, of whom Caleb came to California in
1850. He engaged in mining and other occupa-
tions for several years in different parts of the
state, eventually settling in Santa Maria, where
he was one of the brightest lights in the profes-
sion of law. He became assistant state's attor-
ney, and was also a notary public. He died in
the city of his adoption in 1900, his busy and
useful and brilliant life being sadly missed from
the favorite haunts that had known him so many
years. Adelia, the daughter of the fam-
ily, married Mr. Turner, and died in Stony
Point, Cal.

At the age of eleven years Charles E. Sher-
man was left an orphan. He began to work on
a farm, and in return for chores and general
services received his board and clothes and the
privilege of occasionally attending the public
schools. This was continued for six years, and
in 1859 he decided to go west to Pike's Peak,
but changed his mind in favor of California and
started the day after. The journey was under-
taken via Panama, and in New York he boarded

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

499

an ocean craft the character of which may be
determined from its name, "RolHng Moses."
Arriving in San Francisco he went to Petaluma,
where Hved his brother, and then went to school
for one winter in Bloomfield. He left Iowa
with $100, but was obHged to borrow $200 more
to get here, and this amount he borrowed of
his uncle, Charles Morgan, at Bloomfield, and
sent it back to the man who had befriended
him. In return he worked for his uncle. He
engaged in threshing and teaming at Redwood
for two years, and then went into partnership
with his brother at Bodego Corners, Sonoma
county. They ran a hotel which was sold out
in 1863, when they went to Nevada, intending
to engage in the livery business at Austin. How-
ever, the best-laid plans are subject to change,
and the light rigs which they took with them
for future business were on the way traded for
mules, and the mules eventually traded for
twenty-five milch cows. Of course there was
nothing to do but go into the dairy business
with the cows, and for this purpose they took
up a ranch and meadow, and did a flourishing
business near Austin and Jacobsville, Nev. For
a gallon of milk they received from $1.50 to
$2.50. For further gains they cut about seventy-
five tons of hay which sold for from $100 to
$150 per ton. The next year the price of milk
went down to fifty cents a gallon and they no
longer deemed it expedient to continue in the
dairy business. After disposing of their inter-
ests, Mr. Sherman entered into partnership
with some men in the livery and feed business,
but owing to the business laxity of his partners
the common fund soon disappeared, and in 1865
he left with a span of horses and a wagon and
returned to Bloomfield, Sonoma county. He
drove a stage for Lou Miller from Petaluma
to Duncan's Mills, and in 1866 returned to Iowa,
via Nicaragua, and engaged in the livery busi-
ness at Bellevue for two years. There he mar-
ried Cecilia Savitz, who was born in Pennsyl-
vania, and died in Santa Barbara in October of
1899. I" 1868 he brought his wife to Cali-
fornia, via Panama, and drove the stage again
between Petaluma and Duncan's Mills until
coming to Santa Barljara in 1869.

Politically Mr. Sherman has been prominent
in Santa Barbara, and for many years was a
member of the Democratic county committee.
In 1879 lie was elected sherifif of Santa Barbara
county, and assumed control of the office in
January of 1880, sen'ing for two years and ten
months. For one term he served in the city
council from the fourth ward. Fraternally he
is associated with the Benevolent Protective
Order of Elks, and the Ancient Order of United
Workmen. He is a member of the Chamber
of Commerce. Mr. Sherman has one son,
George C, who is proprietor of the California
market in Santa Barbara.

J. BERT SAXBY, D. D. S. One of the most
popular and successful dentists in Southern Cali-
fornia is J. Bert Saxby, a resident of Santa Bar-
bara since 1896. A typical westerner in enter-
prise, character and training, he was born in
Ventura, December 29, 1870, and is a member of
a family long identified with New York state,
and of English extraction. The paternal grand-
father was born in New York, as was also I. T.
Saxby, the father of J. Bert. The elder Saxby
was for many years prominent in commercial cir-
cles of New York City, and in 1852 migrated to
California via Panama, settling in Nevada City,
where he engaged in mining. From 1862 until
1868 he lived in San Francisco, and in the fall
of 1868 removed to Ventura, which was hence-
forth the scene of his most ambitious efforts.
Heart and soul he became interested in the up-
building of the city, and many of the largest of
the early enterprises here represented were di-
rectly due to his executive and financial ability.
At first engaged in the stock business, he later
devoted himself to commercial matters, and or-
ganized the first lumber business of the town,
known as Saxby, Walton & Co., later as the
Saxby & Collins Company. Mr. Saxby was also
a director in the Bank of Ventura, and up to the
time of his death, in 1885, at the age of fifty-
eight years, was active in the management of his
affairs as a business man and enterprising citi-
zen. He is remembered as one of the stanch sup-
porters of the town of his adoption, and his
character and attainments fully justified the es-
teem and confidence in which he was held.

The mother of Dr. Saxby was formerly
Frances Johnson, who was born in Genesee
county, N. Y., a daughter of J. B. Johnson, a
native of the same county. J. B. Johnson was
an attorney in New York and transferred his
legal practice to Nevada City, Cal., in 1850, start-
ing across the plains with ox-teams in 1849, the
journey consuming eight months. He subse-
quently re-crossed the plains twice, his family
joining him in 1856. He became a judge and
district attorney at Nevada City, and attained to
renown as a capable exponent of law, some of
his most prominent cases being large mining
litigations. His professional career continued
until the time of his death in 1890; his wife died
at Nevada City in 1894. There were seven chil-
dren in this family. Mrs. Frances (Johnson)
Saxby was the mother of two children, of whom
Frank G. is a resident of Ventura.

Dr. Saxby attended the public schools of
Ventura and was graduated from the high
school at Oakland, Cal., this instruction being
supplemented by a course at Hcald's Business
College in San Francisco, from which he was
graduated in 1890. He then returned to
Ventura, and having decided to devote his life
to the profession of dentistn.', entered the office

500

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of Staire Brothers for preliminary instruction.
In 1893 he entered the Baltimore Dental Col-
lege (the oldest dental college in the country),
and was graduated in 1896, with the degree of
Doctor of Dental Surgery. His subsequent
location in Santa Barbara he has since had no
cause to regret.. He is a member of the South-
ern California Dental Association, is variously
interested in the fraternal, social and profes-
sional interests of the town, and is an honored
and popular acquisition to the general atifairs
of Santa Barbara. Fraternally he is a Native
Son of the Golden West, and is associated with
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having
been originally a member of the Franklin Lodge
No. 2, of Baltimore, Md., of which he is past
grand master. Politically he is a Republican,
and in religion a member of the Congregational
Church.

In Nevada City, Cal., occurred the marriage
of Dr. Saxby and Miss Hattie Hook, who was
born in Nevada City, and is a daughter of John
Hook, a merchant of Nevada City, who is still
living and came from Wheeling, W. Va., in
1 85 1. To Dr. and Mrs. Saxby have been bom
three children : Bernice Twilley, J. Bert, Jr., and
Donald Thorndvke Saxbv.

HON. C. A. STORKE. The first representa-
tive of the Storke family in America came from
Holland in 1660 and settled on the Connecticut
river. During the colonial period they mostly
engaged in seafaring pursuits. From Connecti-
cut John Storke moved to Chemung county, N.
Y., but later went to Yates county, the same
state, where he was a pioneer farmer. His son,
Orson, a native of Chemung, N. Y., moved to
Oshkosh, Wis., in 1849, and there engaged in
farming until his death, in 1855. He had mar-
ried Electa Tompkins, who was born in Clyde,
N. Y., and whose father, Calvin Dean Tomp-
kins, was a builder in that town. The record of
tlie Tompkins family is traced back to the time
of George II in England. On coming to Amer-
ica they were given a grant of land embracing
all of Slaten Island, and for several generations
this property descended, by entail, to the oldest
son. During the time of the Revolution the
then owner advocated Tory principles, for which
his estate was confiscated and forever lost to
the family. However, the younger sons re-
moved to New Jersey, remained there perman-
ently, and one of that branch, Dr. Jacob Tomp-
kins was a surgeon in the colonial army during
the Revolution. During the winter at \'alley
Forge he died from the exposures and hard-
ships of that memorable time. His son married
a Miss Dean, whose father, Daniel Dean, a
native of Holland and a Baptist minister, came
to America prior to the Revolution, and served
in that war as a private, receiving a wound at
Yorktown from which he died. Mrs. Electa

<Tompkins) Storke makes her home with her son,
C. A., in Santa Barbara, and is now seventy-
nine years of age. Besides this son she has one
other, Eugene, who was graduated from the
Chicago Homeopathic Medical College, and is
-now practicing in Minneapolis, Minn.

In Penn Yan, N. Y.. C. A. Storke was born
November 19, 1847. His earliest recollections
cluster around Oshkosh, where he attended the
public schools. At eight years of age he began
to set type in a newspaper office conducted by
his uncle, W. C. Tompkins, with whom he re-
mained some years. When only fifteen he was
made foreman of the Applcton Motor. A year
later he enlisted, in February, 1864. in Company
G, Thirty-sixth Wisconsin Infantry, and was
mustered in at Madison, Wis. Assigned to the
Second Corps, army of the Potomac, he arrived
at the front in time to take part in the battle of
Spottsylvania. Later he was at North Anna and
Totopotomy. June i, 1864, at Cold Harbor,
four companies of his regiment, numbering two
luindred and forty, entered the battle, and one
hundred and sixty-nine were left wounded on
the field. He and eleven others of his company
were captured and sent to Libby prison, thence
to Andersonville, where he remained until Sep-
tember 30, 1864. Next he was transferred to
Savannah, then to Milan, Ga., afterward to
Blackshear, that state, and finally to Florence,
S. C. where he was paroled in December, 1864.
During his imprisonment his weight had been
reduced to ninety-five pounds and eight of the
twelve comrades had succumbed to their suffer-
ings. On his return to the Union lines, he re-
mained in the parole camp at Annapolis and in
St. Louis until the close of the war, and was
mustered out at Madison, Wis., May 26, 1865.

Returning home, Mr. Storke entered Kala-
mazoo College. He matriculated in Cornell
University at its opening in 1868, and was
graduated in 1870, with the degree of A. B.
After teaching in .\delphi Academy, Brooklyn,
X. Y., in 1872 he came to Santa Barbara as pro-
fessor of mathematics in Santa Barbara Col-
lege. The following year he resigned and went
lo Los Angeles, where he founded and for six
months conducted the Los Angeles Herald. On
selling it. he began the study of law under
Charles E. Huse, and was admitted to the bar
in 1875, since which time he has practiced law
in Santa Barbara. Meantime his activities in
the Democratic party have made him prominent.
At this writing he is chairman of the county
Democratic central committee, and formerly he
served on the state central committee. In the
fall of 1882 he was elected a member of the as-
sembly. Two years later he was a candidate
for the state senate and carried his county, but
was defeated by Republican majorities in other
portions of the district. In 18^ he was again
elected to the legislature, where he rendered

r^ ^ — ^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

503

valuable service in the interests of the people.
In 1898 he was appointed district attorney for
the balance of the term. In December, 1899, he
was elected mayor on an independent ticket,
and took the oath of office January i, 1900. to
.serve for two years. During his administration
among the most important improvements have
been the completion of the city water system
and the building of the new high school. It was
his privilege, as mayor, to welcome President
McKinley to Santa Barbara, and the entire com-
munity aided him in making this occasion one
never to be forgotten.

Since coming to Santa Barbara, Mr. Storke
has been made a Mason, and is now connected
with the chapter and commandery here. Sev-
eral times he has been commander of the Starr
King Post No. 52, G. A. R., and frequently he
has served on the staff of tlie department com-
mander. He is a member of the Chamber of
Commerce. In his family there are three chil-
dren: Thomas More, Mattie M. and Alice. The
son is a graduate of the Leland Stanford Uni-
versity and is now proprietor of the Sanfa Bar-
bara Independent.

ALBERT F. MAULHARDT is one of the
leading citizens in his county, known and es-
teemed for his fine qualities and achievements,
chief among the latter being his successes not
only in experimental agriculture and invention
of machinery, but also in the introduction and
promotion of commercial enterprises, which in
some instances not only doubled the value of
local real estate, but in one case in particular
the taxed values of the entire county increased
two-fold within a year as the indirect result of hi'-.
efforts for the public welfare. While other
prominent men lent their aid in securing the
magnificent sugar factory at Oxnard (second
largest in the world), Mr. Maulhardt is credited
with the lion's share of the work; every local
newspaper and all important newspapers in
Southern California making extended reference
to his untiring efforts in this direction, and it is
unanimously conceded that, had his efforts been
wanting, \'entura county would likely still be
without the enterprise. Pie early grasped the
advantages which would accrue from the pres-
ence in the community of such a large factory,
the benefit to the farmers and to commerce, the
rise in values of land, the increase of railway fa-
cilities, and numerous other advantages that hc
saw were bound to come to his community with
the introduction of such a large undertaking as
the plant of the American Beet Sugar Company
at Oxnard. To show his public spirit, we will
give one incident in his efforts to secure the
beet sugar industry for his locality: In order to
convince the farmers of the profits and benefits
in this new crop and industry, and to show to
the manufacturer the adaptability of the local

soil for such production, as well as the willing-
ness of the farmers to produce sugar beets, he
saw the necessity of some one to carry on an
extensive experimental Ijeet test under very con-
servative supervision, and proceeded, at a loss
to his own business, to personally secure over
two hundred and fifty acres in small lots (half an
acre to five acres) in over two hundred different
locations in the valley and had nine-tenths of it
planted by his own men to insure proper work,
going about it at times, giving private instruc-
tion as to the care of the test, besides giving
lectures on the subject at various meetings and
through the press. On one occasion, seeing a
test neglected by a neighbor, he sent his own
men to attend to it at his own expense. The re-
sult of those tests was marvelous: in many in-
stances from twenty-five to thirty-five tons of
beets per acre were produced, with an average
of over eighteen per cent sugar, and in a number
of cases sugar beets containing a maximum of
thirty-two per cent sugar were obtained. The
effect of such a test was quickly made manifest
when some fifteen thousand acres were pledged
under a seven-year contract to grow sugar beets
and a two-million dollar plant was erected by
the O-Kuards to convert the beets into sugar.
He was also instrumental in securing the erec-
tion of the bridge over the Santa Clara river
(one of the longest and finest in Southern Cali-
fornia), an undertaking brought forward in pub-
lic elections on different occasions, but which
had always failed theretofore to secure the nec-
essary support for its erection. He has also suc-
cessfully organized the farmers into unions and
associations at various times to promote the
proper marketing of the crops and for the estab-
lishment of facilities for the general welfare.

That the .American farmer is a vital force in
the country's development, all will acknowl-
edge: for upon his understanding and success
hangs the fate of, not many, but all, enterprises.
The hand of the progressive farmer of to-day is
guided, from the sowing to the harvesting of
the crop, by the scientific deductions of some
master agriculturist who has studied with infi-
nite care the possibilities of the soil and the
workings of nature. No more earnest student of
agriculture has brought his intelligence and
common sense to bear upon the land than Albert
I'. Maulhardt, who has added to his farming en-
terprises all the manifold incidentalswhich make
the difference between a progressive and non-
]',rogressive farmer. .\s an authority on agri-
cultural matters in general he is not exceeded
in the scope of his influence, and from far and
near those who desire the l^enefit of his conclu-
sions call upon him with the assurance that they
will be benefited thcreliy and be placed in touch
with the most approved and scientifically
thought out ways and means; so much so that
when it was being agitated as to whether api-

504

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

arism in connection with lima bean culture
would result in detriment to the latter, Prof. E.
1. Wickson of the University of California cor-
responded with Mr. Maulhardt to learn the re-
sults of his investigations upon this subject, and
was informed that bees were no benefit in con-
nection with the raising of lima beans.

Not the least of his achievements in the de-
velopment of the country is his solution of the
question of water supply for irrigation, at all
times an important item in Southern California.
He has been, and in fact is, at the head of the
artesian irrigation water agitation in the county,
and has accomplished more than anyone else in
this line. When, some years ago, he was con-
fronted with the danger of a dry year and no
visible opportunity to secure water for irriga-
tion, with his characteristic energy and inde-
pendence of action he at once cast about for an
outfit to drill large wells for himself, as there
was no machine in the county equipped to do
such drilling as he desired. He got some ideas
of a rig together from here and there, and went
to work improving on them and making his
own mechanical drawings of such parts as he
desired and were not procurable. These were
immediately made to his order by iron works
in Los Angeles, and soon he had a very fair rig
at work with many new and improved features,
at the very start drilling a ten-inch hole to a
depth of as much as one hundred and sixty-six
feet in one day. With this machine he devel-
oped about six hundred miners' inches of water
on his home ranch in time to irrigate and pro-
duce six thousand bags of limas on some three
hundred and fifty acres (besides other crops),
which beans he sold at five cents, owing to short-
age of supply caused by a dry season. He has
also developed artesian water on his other farm-
ing interests, amounting in all to about two
thousand acres. His practical demonstration of
success caused land in the immediate vicinity to
increase in value, and he has since been operat-
ing his rig constantly, and at the time this arti-
cle goes to press is running two steam rigs night
and day in the development of an artesian water
system for the irrigation of a district comprising
over fifteen thousand acres, which with this
water system will become valuable beet land.

While the subject of this sketch was first
drawn into mechanical pursuits by the demands
of his own business, at the same time these de-
mands called into play a natural inventive fac-
ulty and genious for machinery, which in his case
is quite marked. For example, his steam-drill-
ing rig is his own invention, and contains many
unique features of great superiority over the
standard rig in use by others for artesian drill-
ing, and he has made it the subject of an appli-
cation for patent. This is not the only evidence
of Mr. Maulhardt's mechanical ingenuity, as he
has invented other things, one of which deserves

special mention. It has been said that there is
no less than six thousand models pertaining to
plows in the patent office in Washington. Mr.
-Maulhardt holds letters patent to No. 690067,
issued under date December 31. 1901, covering
sixteen distinct claims on so well-known an im-
plement as the plow, which has been used for
thousands of years in every part of the world,
and on which one would think that no further
improvements could be made. His invention
comprises the combination of a sub-soil, gang
and sulky plow, which is in use in the community
and which he is arranging to place on the mar-
ket in the near future, with some of his other
inventions.

His parents were Anton and Margaret (Bieten-
holz) Maulhardt, natives of Germany and Swit-
zerland. His father came from Germany in the
early '60s and settled in Contra Costa county,
where he engaged in agriculture and sheep-
raising. In the beginning of the '705 he removed
to \'entura county and bought tracts of land near
Hueneme, his land at the time being practically
wild and uncultivated. Success attended his ef-
forts in his adopted country, and his death, some
ten years ago, removed one of the honored and
prosperous land owners of the community. His
wife, whose death occurred ten years previously,
was the mother of two children: A. F., and
Lydia, now the wife of F. O. Engstrum, a prom-
inent contractor, doing an extensive business
in Southern California. Albert F. was born in
Contra Costa county in 1872, and was educated
in Los Angeles colleges, his education compris-
ing a knowledge of German, Spanish and Eng-
lish. He is a member of several secret fraterni-
ties, but has never taken any part in political
affairs. In 1901 he married Jennie, the eldest
daughter of A. W. Buell, a pioneer of Santa
Barbara.

E. C. TALLANT. Prominently connected
with the commercial, political and humanitarian
undertakings of Santa Barbara is E. C. Tallant,
secretary of the Hollister estate, chairman of
the county board of supervisors, and a resident
of Santa Barbara since 1874. A native of
Wheeling, W. \'a., he was born March 14, 1858,
and is of English descent. His father, Henry,
was born in Lincolnshire, England, and when a
boy came to America with his three brothers,
and settled in Wheeling, where they engaged in
the real-estate and dry-goods business. They
later removed to Chester, Pa., and after a few
years settled in Baltimore, Md., conducting their
wholesale dry-goods business under the firm
name of Tallant Brothers, with headquarters on
Hanover street. This association was amicably
continued for eight years, when the business
was sold out and Henry Tallant located with
his family in Santa Barbara, where he is now
living in retirement, at the age of eighty years.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

He married Caroline Eoff, who was born in
Virginia, a daughter of Dr. Eoff, one of the old
and prominent physicians on the Ohio. The
German physician married Miss Quarrier, of
X'irginia, whose father served in the Revolu-
tionary war. The great-grandfather Eot? was
also a soldier in that war. Mrs. Tallant, who
died in Santa Barbara in 1896, was the mother
of ten children of whom E. C. is fifth. The
father and his brothers during their residence
in Wheeling, W. Va., took an active part in se-
curing the non-secession of West Virginia, thus
aiding in securing one state for the Union.

The education of E. C. Tallant was acquired
in the public schools of Pennsylvania and Balti-
more, and in St. John's Episcopal School. He
also attended Roanoke College, at Salem, \'a.,
for two years, and after coming west attended
Santa Barbara College for a year. His entrance
into the business world was as a clerk in the
grocery establishment of P. M. Newell, with
whom he remained for five years, after which
he purchased an interest with Mr. Newell, and
subsequently bought him out entirely. He then
engaged in an independent grocery business on
State street, and also became agent at Santa
Barbara for the Southern Mill & Warehouse
Company, now the Southern Pacific Milling
Company, with whom he remained for three
jears.

In 1896 Mr. Tallant resigned the management
of the milling company to accept his present re-
sponsible position with the Hollister estate
management, his duties as secretary being by
no means a light task, for the late W. W. Hol-
lister was one of the most successful of the
pioneers of Santa Barbara • county, and left,
among other possessions, five ranches and large
city real estate holdings. The interests of Mr.
Tallant extend beyond his immediate secretary-
ship to various undertakings in the town and
county, and he is a director, and was one of the
(Organizers, of the Santa Barbara Lemon Grow-
ers' Exchange. He himself has a lemon or-
chard of twelve and a half acres in the Monte-
cito district, which is under irrigation and has
been developed from raw land. He was one
of the organizers of the Chamber of Commerce
in May of 1899, and was one of the first board
of directors. Pohtics have claimed consider-
able of his attention, and in the fall of 1898 he
was nominated on the Republican ticket for
county supervisor of the second district, and
elected over three candidates by a large major-
ity. In January of 1899 lie took the oath of
office, his term of service to extend to January
of 1903. In January of 1901 he was elected
chairman of the board of supervisors, and he is
also at present chairman of the Republican
county central committee of Santa Barbara
county.

In San Francisco Mr. Tallant married Martha

Dillon, who was born in New Orleans, La., and
educated in San Francisco, in which latter city
she became interested in educational work. Mrs.
Tallant is a woman of broad culture, and is one
of the vital forces of the city in educational and
humanitarian work. She is especially interested
in kindergarten work, is a prominent member of
the Kindergarten Association, and a director of
the same, and was one of the most enthusiastic
of those who secured the erection of the kinder-
garten school building, which is now incorpo-
rated into the general school system of Santa
Barbara. In her capacity as president of the
Associated Charities Mrs. Tallant has accom-
plished most gratifying results, and has been of
great assistance to her husband in formulating
plans for bettering the conditions of those re-
quiring city assistance. An effort has been
made to investigate such cases as applied for
help, with the object of aiding those really in
need, and of exposing fraudulent applicants. So
successful has this truly wdse precaution proved
that, after all needful aid had been rendered,
and positions secured for those who were willing
and able to W'ork, the county has been saved at
least $7,000. The idea of investigating all ap-
plications for help occurred to Mr. Tallant when
he first became a member of the board of super-
visors, and since then the plan has been
adopted, wuth few exceptions, of giving pro-
visions and clothing instead of money. This
is in accordance with the views of the most ad-
vanced philanthropists, who recognize the self-
respect underlying the principle that money re-
ceived should be at the expense of an equiva-
lent in work on the part of the recipient. Mr.
and Mrs. Tallant are the parents of two chil-
dren, Percy E. and Harold C.

THOMAS O. TOLAND. A fair proportion
of the legal complications that arise in Ventura
are satisfactorily and skilfully adjusted by
Thomas O. Toland, who possesses a wide un-
derstanding and practical knowledge of the
science of law. He was born in Alabama in
1856, a son of James and Mildred A. (Street)
Toland, natives respectively of South Carolina
and \'irginia. His father settled in Alabama in
1845, and still lives on the old homestead in his
adopted state, near Bluff Springs in Clay coun-
ty; the mother, whose father settled in Alabama
in the early '30s, died when her son, T. O., was
a child. Of the same family was Dr. H. H.
Toland, founder of the Toland Medical College
in San Francisco, which he afterwards donated
in its entirety to the state of California, and
which is now the medical department of the
State University.

The education of Mr. Toland was prosecuted
in Munford Academy, at Munford, Talladega
county, Ala., and for one year he attended the
University of Virginia. January i, 1875, he

506

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

came to California, and entered the University
of California, from which he was graduated in
the class of 1878. His university days were
spent in distinguished company, for among
those who formulated high aspirations within
the walls of the famous university and started
forth into the world of actualities at the same
time were Judge Daingerfield, of the superior
court of San Francisco; A. F. Morrison, of the
firm of Morrison & Cope, attorneys, of San
Francisco; and F. W. Zeile, president of the
San P>ancisco Mercantile Trust Company. After
graduation, Mr. Toland became a student in a
law office in San Francisco, also studied at the
Hastings Law College and was later admitted
to the bar after coming to \'entura county. In
1882 he removed to Hueneme, \entura county,
and taught school for a year, and in 1883 con-
tinued the same occupation in Santa Paula,
where for three years he was principal of
schools. Continuing to live in Santa Paula he
opened a law office there, and soon after be-
came a member of the real estate firm of Gui-
berson & Toland, which partnership was later
dissolved. Dr. Guiberson eoing out, and C. N.
Baker taking his place. Under the firm name
of Toland & Baker this arrangement was ami-
cably continued until May, 1890, when Mr.
Toland came to \'entura, and purchased the
library and business of L. C. McKeeby, who
had been appointed internal revenue collector,
and removed to Los Angeles.

Mr. Toland has continued to practice in
N'entura and has, at the same time, taken a
most intelligent and active interest in the un-
dertakings of the Democratic party. His gen-
eral fitness for office has been variously recog-
nized by his townspeople. In 1888 and 1890 he
ran for district attorney, but with unsatisfac-
tory results, although he was far ahead of his
ticket. However, in 1892 he was elected to the
district attorney's office and served for one
term. In 1896 he was appointed city attorney
and held the office for two years, or until Janu-
ary of 1898. In November of 1896 he was
elected to the assembly for one term of two
years, and in July of 1898 he was nominated for
member of the state board of equalization in
the fourth district of California, which district
comprises twenty-three counties, and is bound-
ed on the north by San Mateo, Stanislaus,
Santa Clara, ]\Iariposa, and Mono. Although
the district was five thousand Republican he
was elected by three thousand five hundred, his
term of office extending to January i, 1903.
The political services of Mr. Toland have met
with a deserved appreciation on the part of his
compatriots, and he is especially remembered
for the wise and aggressive course which he
adopted in connection with the opposition to
the Southern Pacific Railroad in the sixth con-
gressional district in the celebrated Patton-

Rose contest for the Democratic nomination
for congress in 1896.

In 1900 Mr. Toland married Carrie, daughter
of G. \V. and Sarah Fleisher. She was born in
Pennsylvania and in 1883 settled with her par-
ents at Santa Paula, where her father became
a prominent oil man. Air. Toland is fraternally
associated with the Odd Fellows, the Knights
of Pythias, and the Masons, and took the
Shriner's degree in Los Angeles in April, 1900.

JAMES ROBERT McKEE. It may well be
a matter of pride with Mr. McKee, of Bards-
dale, that three of his great-grandfathers were
active participants in the American struggle
for freedom, in which Great-grandfather Mc-
Kee lost his life during the Kings Mountain
campaign. Necessarily patriotism is a promi-
nent element in the characters of the present-
day representatives, who, together with this in-
heritance of loyalty, have also a heritage of those
other qualities that tend to the forming of an
ideal manhood. Through the efforts of J. R
McKee, a genealogical chart has been com-
piled, which traces the record of the family in
a direct line frotn four ancestral families and
gives a record of successive generations from
the date of the families' arrival in America,
about 1750, to the beginning of the twentieth
century. This work has been largely a labor of
love and self-sacrificing effort, and entitles the
compiler to grateful recognition from the Mc-
Kees of future generations.

The residence of Mr. AIcKee in California
dates from January, 1887. Born in Butler
county, Ohio, June 21, 1854, he is a son of Wil-
liam and Louisa (Stipp) McKee, both natives of
Kentucky, but from early years residents of
Ohio. He received the rudiments of his educa-
tion in the public schools of Butler county,
after which he matriculated in Monmouth (Illi-
nois) College, from which he was graduated in
1874 with the degree of B. S. His education
completed when he was a little less than twenty
years of age, he was ready to start out into life's
activities. For two years he acted as city editor
of the Independent, a daily paper published in
Richmond, Ind. In this way he not only gained
a knowledge of journalism, but also of those
broader fields of general activity which, in his
editorial capacity, he was obliged to master and
thoroughly acquaint himself with.

On coming to California, Mr. McKee was
connected with the Los An^^elcs Times for a
l>rief period. For two years he served as dep-
lUy recorder of Los Angeles county, which po-
sition he filled with credit to himself, revealing
the ])ossession of qualities that fitted him for
reliable work as an accountant and bookkeeper.
Along a similar line of activity he was engaged
in the real estate and loan business in Los An-
geles. During 1890 he became associated with

■Pff 'II

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'^H

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HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

509

Hon. Thomas R. Bard, United States Senator
from California, and since then he has made
Bardsdale his home, having charge of the sen-
ator's business matters at this point, and acting
as superintendent of the South Side Improve-
ment Company (Senator Bard, president). In
addition he officiated in organizing the Fihmore
Citrus Fruit Association and was chosen its
first secretary, besides which he is now one of
the heaviest stockholders and also a director.

August i8, 1891, Mr. McKee married Miss
Grace Farnsworth, of Los Angeles, her father,
R. L. Farnsworth, being a retired attorney of
St. Paul, Minn. Two daughters, Margery and
Dorothy McKee, form the family. Fraternally
Mr. McKee is connected with the Sons of the
American Revolution, his membership being in
the San Diego chapter of this patriotic society.
In the political affairs of his town and county,
he takes an active part as a Republican, an ad-
vocate of clean politics, and has frequently
served as a delegate to local and state conven-
tions. A study of the principles of the Repub-
lican party brings him into hearty accord with
the same, for he is a firm believer in the pro-
tection of home industries, believing that the
tarifif on incoming products from the old world
should be such as to protect the infant indus-
tries of our far western region. For five years
he has been a member of the Santa Paula
Union high school board, in which he has
served as clerk and president. It was his privi-
lege, in an official capacity, to present their
diplomas to the graduating class in 1900. When
it is considered that he caine to California in
January, 1887, without friends or means, and
now stands among the representative men of
the Santa Clara valley, it not only proves him
to be a man of enterprise and ability, but also
indicates the possibilities offered to such men
by our great western state.

GEORGE W. FAULKNER. So many enter-
prises in Ventura county have profited by the
enterprise and business ability of Mr. I<'aulkner
that it is almost impossible to correctly estimate
the extent of his services or his share in bring-
ing about the present prosperity. He arrived
in California in 1875 with a very small financial
foundation on which to mold the future, and
after spending a short time in San Francisco
January i, 1876, he came to Ventura county and
bought a ranch in the Santa Clara valley.
Seventy-five acres of the property formed a por-
tion of the old .Santa Clara del Norte ranch, on
the south side of the river, where El Rio now
stands. For three years he conducted farming
enterprises and a small orchard there. In the
spring of 1879 he purchased one hundred and
fifty acres, where he now lives. At the time the
place had but scant improvements ccjmjiared
with those which are now the admiration and

pride of the county. Following a general farm-
ing industry until 1883, he then began to set
out deciduous fruits. He was among the first
here to raise apricots, of which he now has
twenty-five acres. To him belongs also the dis-
tinction of raising the first soft-shell walnuts
in the valley, twenty acres being devoted to this
nut, and the average yield being about sixteen
Ions. One hundred and twenty-five tons of apri-
cots, thirty tons of sugar beets and an equal
quantity of beans are more of the averages
quoted.

In keeping with his progressive spirit, Mr.
h^aulkner built in 1894 the largest and finest
rural home in \'entura county, in which no mod-
ern convenience has been neglected, the house
throughout being piped and wired for gas and
electricity. A favorite social center of the
county, hospitality is here meted out most gra-
ciously, the honors of the house being dispensed
by Mrs. Faulkner (nee Rhoda S. Seymour) and
her sister. Miss Lou H. Seymour, both graduates
of Baldwin L'niversity, class of 1872. Mrs. Faulk-
ner was born in Ohio, and is a daughter of Rev.
S. D. Seymour, of the North Ohio conference
of the Methodist Episcopal denomination, and
at the time of his death a resident of Texas. The
children born to the union of Mr. and Mrs.
h'aulkner are all graduates of the high school,
antl the daughters are attending the University
of Southern California.

Until coming to California Mr. Faulkner lived
in Richland county, Ohio, where he was bom
August 16, 1846. His father, George Faulkner,
was born in England in 1806, and came to Amer-
ica in 1835, settling on a farm in Richland
county, where the remainder of his life was
spent. He married Julia A. Green, a native of
F'ranklin county, Ohio, and a daughter of Wil-
liam and Martha (Stanton) Green. Her mother
was a relative of Secretary of War Edwin M.
Stanton. William Green, who served his coun-
try in the war of 1812, built the third house in
the township in which he lived, and was a prom-
inent pioneer. There were six children in the
parental family, George W. being fourth. He
received his education in the public schools and
spent his youth on the home farm.

Among the various interests which command
the attention of Mr. Faulkner may be mentioned
his association with the organization of the Peo-
ple's Lumber Company, of which he was one of
the original board of directors. In 1897 he as-
.^isted in organizing the Santa Paula Co-oper-
ative Company's store, of which company he is
now president. To his wise judgment, 'in his
official capacity, and to the capable supervision
of the manager, D. W. Huffman, largely belongs
credit for the fact that the company, which began
with a capital of $500, is now doing a business
of about $50,000 per annum, h'or several years
Mr. Faulkner was a director of the Santa Piaula

>10

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Fruit Packing Company. He helped to organ-
ize the Saticoy Wahiut Growers' Association
and the Santa Paula Walnut Growers' Associa-
tion, of which latter he is now president. For-
merly, for years, he served on the board of
directors and as secretary of the Farmers' Canal
and Irrigating Company. He is a stockholder in
the Riverstreet Irrigating Company. In part-
nership with his brother, he owns eighteen hun-
dred acres of land at Fillmore, where he has
twenty acres in fine oranges.

Politically Mr. Faulkner is a Prohibitionist,
and his influence has ever been exerted on the
side of numicipal purity and the abolition of the
saloon. Fie is a member of the Anti Saloon
League. In educational matters he is active, and
for two terms served on the high school board.
In church circles he is well known. He has been
one of the foremost in his locality in maintain-
ing the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he
has been a member for thirty-five years, and a
lay delegate for a long period. He assisted in
organizing the church of that denomination in
Santa Paula, and is a trustee and steward in the
same, as well as Bible class teacher. No citizen
of the county enjoys to a greater extent than he
the confidence and esteem of his fellow-towns-
men, nor are any more thoroughly in touch with
the needs, aspirations and successes of the com-
munity.

MRS. JULIA F. WILLIAMS. Fidelity to
duty has been the keynote to the lifework of
Mrs. Williams. First an assistant to her hus-
band, who was the lighthouse keeper on Santa
Barbara Point from 1856 to i860, and since
1865 as the incumbent of the position herself,
she has been true to every duty and has main-
tained an unceasing vigil in seeing that the
beacon light is always kept burning. It is a re-
markable fact that for over thirty-six years she
has not been absent from the lighthouse even
one single night; and, indeed, the only time she
ever remained away over night since taking the
position was once in April, 1865. Believing
that she is doing merely her duty and nothing
more, she has asked no reward for her long and
faithful service. Some years ago she was solic-
ited to assist in forming a society that had for
its object the pensioning of lighthouse keepers
aft*r a certain number of years of service; but,
when approached, she said that she did not
want a pension for doing what wa,s her duty
and therefore would not give her influence to-
ward the proposed organization.

At Campo Bello, New I'runswick, across
from Eastport. Me., Mrs. Williams was born
July 12, 1826. Her father, Cadwallader Curry,
a native of St. Andrews, of Welsh descent,
owned six stores, carrying different lines of
goods, at Welsh Pool, and also owned vessels
in the trans-.\tlantic trade. He died very sud-

denly and the large estate he left was, by un-
just means, wrested from his family. His wife,
who bore the maiden name of Julia Mitchell,
was born in North Yarmouth, and died in
Massachusetts. Of their six children four
daughters and one son are living, and all but
]Mrs. Williams reside in Sharon. She was next
to the oldest of the family and was reared in
Eastport, Me., where she became the wife of
Albert J. Williams, in 1848. Mr. Williams was
born in Waterville, Me., a son of Col. Johnson
Williams and a grandson of Dr. Obadiah Wil-
liams, an old settler of Waterville. He was
reared to a knowledge of merchandising, in
which he assisted his father. In 1849 he came
to California via Panama and for eight months
engaged in business at the isthmus, thence go-
ing to Calaveras county, Cal., where he had a
ferry and a hotel. Deciding to remain in the
west, he wrote his wife to join him here, and in
February, 1853, she began the long journey,
traveling via steamer from New York to Aspin-
wall, then across the isthmus (where the rail-
road had not yet been built) and from there
proceeding by steamer to San Francisco.

For some years Mr. and Mrs. Williams re-
sided in San Francisco, where he carried on a
painting business. He was particularly fitted
for artistic work, and was both a fine penman
and skilled in devising original designs for
signs, etc. In August, 1856, he was appointed
by President Franklin Pierce as lighthouse
keeper at Santa Barbara, the appointment hav-
ing been secured through the influence of his
brother, Hon. Bion Bradbury Williams, who
was then member of Congress from Maine.
The first incumbent of this position, he lighted
the first lamp in the lighthouse December 19,
1856, and it is fitting that Mrs. Williams through
all of these intervening years should have con-
tinued so faithfully the work that he be-
gun. At the expiration of four years, he re-
signed his position and settled upon a home-
stead of one hundred and sixty acres, where he
built a residence and turned his attention to
the sheep business. In February, 1865, Mrs.
Williams received the appointment as light-
house keeper from Commodore Watson, in-
spector of lighthouses for the San Francisco
district, and she has since devoted herself to
the work, Mr. Williams meanwhile carrying on
work at the painter's trade until his death, in
1882, at the age of fifty-seven years. They be-
came the parents of six children, as follows:
-Mrs. Helen F. I\Iaxfield, of San Diego, Cal.;
.\da C, who died at fifteen years of age; Bion
iiradbury, an architect and builder, in Santa
Barbara; Mrs. Julia C. Baker, of Seattle, Wash.:
Albert C, who is a dairyman near Santa Bar-
bara; and Franklin S., a farmer in Santa Bar-
bara county. Mrs. Williams is identified with
the Congregational CInirch at Santa Barbara

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HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

513

and is a life member of the Home Missionary
Society, in the work of which she is deeply in-
terested.

CHARLES H. McKEVE'lT. Numerous in-
terests Jiave occupied the time and attention of
Mr. McKevett during the progress of his suc-
cessful career in Santa Paula. While most
widely known as the president of the First Na-
tional Bank of the town, his executive and
financial ability has penetrated and developed
many enterprises of equal moment in the gen-
eral growth of his adopted city and has se-
cured for him an enviable reputation as a man
of business discretion, as well as unquestioned
moral integrity.

The ancestral home of the McKevett family
is in Scotland, the first emigrating member
being the paternal grandfather, Alexander,
vvho came to America when a boy, and settled
in New York. There was born his grandson,
Charles H., in Cortland county, October 3,
1848, as were also his parents. When old
enough to assume responsibility, he found a
field for occupation in the oil business in Penn-
sylvania, first as an employe, later as a con-
tractor to drill wells, and still later as an inde-
pendent operator. Through application he
gained a wide knowledge of the business, and
for a period of fifteen years he continued to
successfully manipulate oil affairs in Clarion,
Butler, Warren and McKean counties, and as
the result of his labors amassed a considerable
fortune. Desiring a complete change of cli-
mate and surroundings, he visited California in
January of 1886, and selected Santa Paula as
his permanent residence, although at the time it
was destitute of railroad advantages, and con-
tained in all but about two hundred residents.
He immediately purchased four hundred and
iwenty-four acres of the Bradley and Blanchard
rancho, his land extending from near the cen-
ter of the town out into the country. A por-
tion of this land has since been subdivided and
sold, and at the present time he owns three
hundred acres planted in oranges, lemons, apri-
cots, and devoted to general farming.

In 1887 Tvlr. McKevett organized the Santa
Paula Lumber Company, and was president of
the same until its consolidation with the Ven-
tura County Lumber Company, since which he
has been general manager of the combined
companies. In 1888 he organized the Santa
Paula State Bank, of which George H. Bone-
brake was president; Mr. McKevett, vice-presi-
dent, and J. R. Haugh, cashier. September 23,
1889, the bank was converted into the First Na-
tional Bank of Santa Paula, at which time Mr.
!\IcKevett was elected to his present position of
president. He is also interested in oil produc-
tion to the extent of being secretary and treas-
urer of the Graham Loftus C)il Company, which

organization has seventeen wells in Fullerton,
Orange county, and he also owns interests in
several other oil companies. He is a director
and the treasurer of the Limoneira Company,
owners of a ranch of four hundred acres, upon
which are raised principally lemons, but also
oranges and walnuts. He is also vice-president
of the Santa Paula Water Company.

In 1873 Mr. McKevett married Alice Stow-
cll, a native of Pennsylvania, and of this union
there are three children, two of whom were
born in Pennsylvania, and the third, a daughter,
was born in Santa Paula. Mr. McKevett is a
Republican in national politics, and is very pop-
ular in fraternal circles, being associated with
the Santa Paula Lodge No. 291, F. & A. M.;
with Ventura Chapter, R. A. M.; with the
Knights Templar Commandery, Al Malakiah
Temple, N. M. S., and the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows. In 1890 he further increased
the possibilities of Santa Paula by laying off a
portion of land north of the railroad, and in
1900 built a fine bank building which is in every
way a credit to the town.

HENRY CLAY RICHx\RDSON. One of
the enterprising owners and managers of ranch
property in Ventura county is H. C. Richardson,
whose property lies near the village of Oxnard.
He was born in Warren county, Mo., March 20,

1844. For many years his life work was carried
on in connection with that of his father, John
Richardson, an interesting character and a man
of successful undertakings. He was born in
New York in 1796 and participated in the war of
1812, his last work in that connection being in
the mail service in Boone county, Mo., which
continued to be his home for several years. Dur-
ing his residence in Missouri he married his
first wife, and she died there. Later he married
Lucy Benson Wright, who died at tlie home of
her son, Henry C, October 5, 1898.

The family settled in Grant county, Wis., in.

1845, where H. C. Richardson received his edu-
cation in public schools. In i860 he accom-
panied the other members of the family to Cali-
fornia, the journey being made bv the overland
loute with o.x-teams and wagons. The father,
mother, ten sons and two daughters remained in
Shasta county for a short time, thence removed
to Sacramento county, and from there to Stock-
ton, returning soon to Sacramento county, where
the father died in 1868. The others later re-
moved to Santa Barbara county anil were among
the earliest white settlers of that region. It was
at Carpinteria. that county, Mr. Richardson
was united in marriage, November 3, 1868, with
Augusta Isabelle, daughter of William and Eliz-
abeth (\'ance) McFarland. both of whom died
in Missouri when their daughter was a child. An
aunt of Mrs. Richardson, Sally G. Vance, died at
the Richardson iiome, November n, 1901, aged

514

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ninety-three years and seven days. To the union
of Mr. and Mrs. Richardson have been born
-seven children, namely: John \'., a rancher, who
married Alma Hickson and has one child, Mil-
dred A.; Lucy, Mrs. C. Cox, of Sutter county,
who has a son, Byron; William, who married
Miss Emma Cook and has one son, Henry, the
family living on the Broome ranch, owned b\
Mrs. Frances Broome, of Santa Barbara; Mrs.
Sallie Reno, of Oxnard; Herbert. Arthur and
Albert, who are at home. The oldest son re-
.^-ides on Chapedra's ranch between Saticoy and
Springfield.

In 1891 Mr. Richardson came to his present
ranch near Oxnard and has since successfully
conducted the same. He is the possessor of
nearly forty acres of land, upon which he has
erected a commodious and comfortable house,
and a well-arranged and substantial barn. His
varied interests demand the renting of more
land in the neighborhood, so that he superin-
tends a considerable acreage. As a rule, his
crops are good, hence he has gained a fair de-
gree of financial success. In politics he is a
Socialist and a strict party man. His parents
were stanch workers in the Baptist Church and
he is in sympathy with the work of that denom-
ination, as indeed he is with all movements for
the benefit of mankind, but he is not identified
with any church. He is well and favorably
known in the farming communities of the two
counties of Santa Barbara and \'entura. and his
business and personal integrity is well estab-
lished in every connnunity where he has made
his home.

REV. PETER WALLISCHECK, O. F. M.
The president of St. Anthony's College at
Santa Barbara was born at Wiesloch, Baden,
Germany, April 4. 1852, and was brought to
America in the spring of 1854. During his boy-
hood he lived for a time in Ohio, but mostly in
Illinois. In the fall of 1868 he began to study
for the Franciscan Order at St. Joseph's Col-
lege, Teutopolis, 111., and in that same place he
entered the Franciscan Order December 21,
1871. At the close of the novitiate, January 3,
1873, he gave his attention to his studies in St.
Francis Solanus College, Quincy, 111. His phil-
osophical studies were pursued in the monas-
tery at Quincy, 111., and his theological studies
at St. Louis, Mo., from 1877 to 1880. In the
latter city he was ordained priest, June 22, 1879,
by Archbishop Patrick John Ryan, D. D., LL.
D., of Philadelphia, then coadjutor of Most
Rev. Archbishop P. R. Kcnrick. D. D.. of St.
Louis, Mq.

^ In the summer of 1880 he was sent to St. Jo-
seph's College, at Teutopolis, 111., as a profes-
sor but the following year on account of poor
health a change of location became necessary.
For this reason he was sent to St. I'"rancis Col-

lege, Quincy, 111., in the summer of 1881.
From there, June 27, 1896, he was sent to San
Francisco, and on the i8th of August, same
year, was transferred to Santa Barbara, where,
from that time on, he has been engaged in pre-
paring young men for the priesthood in the
h'ranciscan Order.

A. L. LIXOCEST, superintendent of the
Santa Barbara County Hospital, was born in
Skara, Westrejutlan. Sweden, October 15, i860.
The paternal grandfather was a soldier in the
Swedish army, and after returning to civilian
life engaged in agriculture until his death. The
father, John, was born in Sweden, and farmed
for the greater part of his life, his death occur-
ring in Sweden at the age of seventy-seven
years. By his marriage to Greta Anderson, who
died in Sweden, he had five children, three of
whom are in America and two in Sweden. Al-
fred lives in Santa Clara county, Cal.; Chris-
tine remains on the old homestead; Gustav is
in the transfer business m Santa Barbara; and
Carl is at the old home.

A. L. Linquest was educated in the public
schools of Sweden, and in 1875 came to Santa
Barbara, whither he had been preceded by his
uncle, Edblom, two years before. Almost im-
mediately his lines were cast in pleasant places,
for he entered the employ of Col. W. W. Hollis-
ter, and served in this capacity for eighteen
years. In time he became foreman of the Glen
Anna ranch, and was engaged in horticulture
and the dairy business, and after the colonefs
death he continued in the employ of Mrs. Hol-
lister. In 1890 he resigned to accept a position
as superintendent of the Dixie Thompson ranch
at \'entura, his responsibility extending over
twenty-four hundred acres, of which fifteen
lumdred acres were planted in lima beans. In
1892 yet another change was made to the Hol-
hster employ, as superintendent of the Santa
Anita Ranch, containing seventeen thousand
acres devoted to stock-raising enterprises. In
;\Iay of 1896 he resigned from this position and
took a trip back to the scenes of his childhood
in Sweden, sailing on the City of New York
from Xew York to Southampton and Gotten-
burg. After a sojourn of two months he re-
turned to California and to his former position
on the Santa Anita ranch, holding the same
until 1897, when he entered the employ of the
Los Angeles Street Railway Company. In
April of 1898 he took a trip 'to Alaska on the
steamer Alaska, going up the Kobuck river for
about four hundred miles, prospecting and min-
ing during the summer and winter.

In January of icjoi Mr. Linquest was ap-
))ointcd superintendent of the county hospital at
Santa Barbara, by the board of supervisors,
and has since given entire satisfaction in his
management of the affairs of the institution.

Jlerl^^r-^ ^-c-^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

517

The capacity of the hospital is thirty rooms,
and the location commands a fine view of the
ocean. Mr. Linquest is prominent in the Re-
pubHcan party and in fraternal circles, being a
member of the Santa Barbara Masonic Lodge,
No. 242, the Royal Arch Masons, St. Omar
Commandery, and Al Malakiah Temple, N. M.
S., besides which he is connected with the In-
dependent Order of Odd Fellows. He was
married in Los Angeles April 18, 1898, to
Amanda Erika Saunders, who is also a native of
Sweden. Mrs. Linquest is a member of the
Rebekahs.

ROBERT BELL. One of the most success-
ful ranchers of Ventura county is Robert Bell,
than whom his community has no citizen more
honored or enterprising. He was born in Rich-
land county, Ohio, May 2y, 1842, and comes
from one of the oldest American families, and
one known for the sympathy, harmony and good
fellowship existing among its members. His
grandfather, Robert Bell, was a soldier in the
war of 1812 and assisted in guarding Perry's
fleet while it was being built on Lake Erie. The
parents, William S. and Polly (Turbett) Bell,
were born in Pennsylvania, and the former was
reared in Ohio. In 1898 they came to Cali-
fornia-, and here their respective deaths occurred
within forty-eight hours of each other, the inci-
dent suggesting in its conclusion the many years
in which they had lived together, unselfishly
sharing the joys and sorrows that came their
way. They reared to health and usefulness two
sons and two daughters, the latter living in Ohio,
while the sons, Thomas and Robert, are ranch-
ers in Ventura county, the former owning a fine
ranch near Oxnard, while the latter is a rancher
near Camarillo.

The education of Robert Bell was acquired
in public schools. The first important incident
that disturbed his otherwise uneventful youth
was the breaking out of the Civil war. This
brought to the surface the innate patriotism that
he possessed and inspired him to enlist in Com-
pany C, Twentieth Ohio Infantry, Seventeenth
-A^rmy Corps. For three years he served his
country, being mustered out at Columbus, Ohio,
in 1864. Soon after the restoration of peace he
came to California and settled in Yuba county,
where he worked on the Virginia ranch. Dur-
ing 1871 he came to Ventura county, where the
next year he married Rebecca L., daughter of
Peter and Isabelle Rice, pioneers of California
from Ohio, both of whom ended their days on
their son-in-law's ranch. The children of Mr.
and Mrs. Bell are Polly, Bertha and Walter, of
whom the two younger are school student.s. The
family are connected with the Episcopal Churcli.

The ranch which has been Mr. Bell's home
ever since he came to Ventura county is a por-
tion of the Las Posas rancho, embracing 26,62,^
acres, granted to Jose Carillo May 15. 1824,

and confirmed to Jose de la Guerra y Noriega,
being held by him and his heirs until 1876, when
it was sold to a company. Las Posas lies about
twelve miles east of Hueneme, within sight of
the ocean, in the southern part of Ventura
county. The Simi ranch adjoins it on the east,
the Calleguas on the south, the Santa Clara del
Norte on the west, and a range of mountains
on the north. Grains and semi-tropical fruits
succeed here, barley, wheat, corn and beans have
been successfully grown without irrigation, while
there is also much grazing land.

In partnership with Peter Rice, one of the
successful pioneers of Las Posas rancho, Mr.
Bell bought from Hon. Thomas R. Bard eleven
hundred and thirty acres of the ranch, but after-
ward transferred the property back to its former
owner. Mr. Bell now cultivates five hundred
and fifty acres of this property, and all is devoted
to barley and beans, in the cultivation of which
he is an exoert. The railroad runs through a
corner of the ranch, and there is a depot for
the accommodation of passeneers. In national
poh'tics he votes with the Renublican partv, but,
while interested in pub'ic affairs, he has never
entertained political aspirations, his testes in-
clinins" him toward hu=iness and domestic affairs
rather than toward politics.

ST. ANTHONY'S COLLEGE. It has a1-
wavs been the greatest desire of the Generals
of the Franciscan order at Rome to "nhold
not onlv the provinces establ-shed in different
parts of the world, but also the individual
houses nr monasteries belong^inor to these prov-
inces. The Most Rev. Father General. Bernar-
dino a Portu Romatino. O. F. M.. was not less
solicitous in this reeard. He especi^llv desired
that the missions in California, established by
the pioneer missionaries of the Franciscan or-
der, should be preserved, if human zeal or
enersry could prevent them from fallinsr a prey
to the elements and vandalism. But. alas! only
one of the twenty-one once flonrishine miss-ons
remained in the possession of the padres. This
was the mission at Santa Barbara. Should it
also be abandoned and crumble into ruin? No!
Divine Providence watched over this relic of
the pioneer missiomries. It was not to fall into
utter decay, as did most of the twenty-one
Franciscan mi'^^ions in California. The Most
Rev. Father General requested the provincial
of the Sacred Heart province of St. Louis, Mo.,
to take charge of the Santa Barbara mis':ion.
After the matter had gone throucrh its leeal
proceedings in Rome, the Santa Barbara mis-
sion was dulv incorporated in the Sacred Heart
province of St. Louis, Mo. This was done in
188.=;.

As time passed on, it became obvious that, if
the Franciscan order was to maintain a perma-
nent footing in California and to return to its

.V18

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

original splendor it would be necessary that
}0ung recruits should be procured and edu-
cated, not as had hitherto been done, in
Quincy, 111., or Teutopohs, 111., but in California
itself. It was therefore decided at the chapter
which convened in St. Louis, Mo., July 22,
i8g6, at which Very Rev. Michael Richardt, C).
F. M., presided, that a house for classical stud-
ies should be erected at the Old Mission in
Santa Barbara with Rev. Peter Wallischeck, O.
F. M., as its first rector or president. At the
historic Old Mission, St. Anthony's College
had its beginning. This beginning was indeed
a humble one, because besides the president
there was only one professor, Rev. Felix Raab,
O. F. M. The college then comprised two
classrooms, one dormitory, one dining room,
and two apartments for the president and pro-
fessor respectively. The cook of the padres
did also the cooking for the students, of whom
there were eleven. The college was formally
opened September 22. On the 26th of October
Rev. Mathias Rechsteiner, O. F. M., was added
to the staff of professors.

It soon became obvious that the apart-
ments occupied were inadequate for the pur-
pose. It was therefore decided that plans
should be devised and proposed to the Very
Rev. Michael Richardt, O. F. M., according to
Vi'hich a second story was to be added to the L
of the mission building. The architect of the
province, Bro. Adrian Wever, O. F. M., made
the plans for the superstructure, and the Very
Rev. Michael Richardt approved them. These
plans arrived at Santa Barbara on the nth of
June, and on the i8th the work of remodeling
began. The building was sufSciently completed
so that the second scholastic year could be
opened September 13. The college faculty was
again increased by the arrival of Rev. Onesi-
mus Lunney, O. F. M. The number of students
had increased to twenty-six. It very soon be-
came apparent that the apartments at the Old
Mission would not long be sufficient to accom-
modate the ever increasing number of students.
Consequently new plans were made for the
erection of a large and commodious building,
the present St. Anthony's College. In April,
1898, the Very Rev. Theodore Arentz, O. F.
M., who had been elected provincial at St.
Louis, Mo., the year before, came to California,
and at a meeting held at the Old Mission April
8, the necessity of a new college was considered.
At this meeting, which was presided over by
the Very Rev. Theodore Arentz, O. F. M.,
and attended by Very Rev. Kilian Schloesser,
O. F. M., commissary of California and Ari-
zona; Rev. Peter Wallischeck, O. F. M., the
president of the college: and the professors,
Rev. Mathias Rechsteiner, O. F. M., and Rev.
FeHx Raab, O. F. M., the necessity of a new
building was considered. The former provincial

bad chosen Fruitvale, near Oakland, as the
place where the college was to be built, but
after mature discussion, at the meeting men-
tioned, it was decided that the college should
Ije erected on Mission Hill at Santa Barbara.

The architect of the province, Bro. Adrian
Wever, O. F. M., was again called upon to
make a sketch of the proposed college. It hap-
])ened that the architect was at Santa Barbara
at this time, and he, in consultation with the
president of the college, drew up plans which
finally resulted in putting up the present build-
ing. Excavations were commenced August 25,
1898. Here many obstacles had to be sur-
mounted on account of the hardness of the soil,
and on several occasions the contractor of the
excavations, A. L. Pendola, was anxious to
give up the work. Being assured again and
again, however, that he was not to lose any-
thing on the contract, he resumed the work.
When plow and pick no longer made any head-
way, they had recourse to powder. Holes were
drilled every three or four feet apart and
charged with giant-powder. After weary and
toilsome weeks the excavations were suffi-
ciently advanced so that the first stone for the
structure could be laid on the loth of October.
The first stone was blessed and laid at 3:40
o'clock by the Very Rev. Kilian Schloesser, O.
F. M., commissary of California and Arizona,
in the presence of Rev. Peter Wallischeck, O.
F. M., the faculty and students of the college.
The work necessarily went on slowly owing to
the lack of necessary funds. In consequence of
this the corner-stone could not be laid until
June 13, 1899. This ceremony was performed
by the Right Rev. George Montgomery, D. D.,
bishop of Alonterey and Los Angeles, in the
presence of a great multitude of people. The
Right Rev. Bishop delivered the English ser-
mon and Edmund M. Burke, mayor of Santa
Barbara, addressed the people in Spanish. The
work now went on as the means would permit.
But it was not until January 8, 1901, that the
building was ready for occupancy. The first
divine services were held in the college chapel
on the same day. Rev. Peter Wallischeck, O.
F. M., was celebrant and St. Anthony's College
choir sang a beautiful four-voiced mass ar-
ranged by Father Xavier Zettel, O. F. M., who
also presided at the organ.

The solenm dedication of the college was
celebrated April 25, 1901. Solemn high mass
was celebrated in the Old Mission by \'ery Rev.
Hugolinus Storflf, O. F. M., provincial of the
Sacred Heart province of St. Louis, Mo.; \'erv
Rev. Theodore Arentz, O. F. M., commissary of
California and Arizona, .was assistant priest:
Rev. Maximilian Neumann. O. F. M,, pastor of
St. Boniface Church, San Francisco., was dea-
con; and Rev. X'ictor Aertker, O. F. .M., pastor
of St. Joseph's Church, Los Angeles, was sub-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

519

deacon. The Rev. Raphael Fuhr, O. F. M.,
pastor of St. Anthony's Church, San Francisco,
was master of ceremonies. The Right Rev.
George Montgomery, D. D., bishop of Mont-
erey and Los Angeles, was in the sanctuary, as-
sisted by Very Rev. J. A. Linn, C. M., president
of St. Vincent's College, Los Angeles, and Rev.
Polydore J. Stockman, pastor of Na. Sa. de los
Dolores Church of Santa Barbara. The Right
Rev. Bishop delivered the dedication sermon to
a large audience. After the solemn services in
the church a procession was formed, headed by
the Santa Barbara military band. Having ar-
rived in front of the building the Right Rev.
Bishop said the prayers for the dedication or
blessing of the college. The clergy and laity
then went to the chapel, where the bishop gave
benediction with the Blessed Sacrament. After
benediction the choir sang "Holy God, we
praise Thy name," in thanksgiving for all the
favors God had bestowed upon the hew St.
Anthony's College.

The new building is 155x50, with an L, 32X
60, running northward. The style is in keeping
with the so-called mission style. The structure
is of solid stone. The purpose of the college is
to prepare young men for the priesthood in the
Franciscan Order. These young Franciscans
are to perpetuate on the Pacific coast the work
of the pioneer missionaries.

PROF. O. S. WESTOVER. After years
of successful experience in the curio busi-
ness in various towns of the west, in 1892
Professor Westover opened a store at Santa
Alonica and this he has since conducted,
maintaining a business which, for diversity of
collection and interesting features, has no super-
ior on the coast. The building which he occu-
pies stands on the beach and was erected by
him, while he also superintended the building
of his home on Third, near Arizona street. In
addition to his business at Santa Monica he is
interested in a store at Ocean Park and at one
time conducted a curio business in Pasadena
and Los Angeles.

O. S. Westover was born in Fayette county,
Ind., October 11, 1832. He was one of seven
children and is the eldest of three now living.
A brother, Charles, lives in Placerville, Cal.
Another brother, Fleming, was a member of an
Iowa regiment during the Civil war and for
many years afterward lived at the Santa Mo-
nica, Cal.. Soldiers' Home, where he died. The
father, Hiram, a native of New York and mem-
ber of a New England family, became a farmer
of Fayette county, Ind., and later settled in
Huntington county, same state, afterward re-
moving to Union county, Iowa, and finally to
Denver, Colo., where he died. His wife, Mi-
nerva Campbell, was born in Maine and died

while the family were en route from Indiana to
Iowa. She was a daughter of Daniel Campbell,
a cousin of Alexander Campbell, the pioneer
in the organization of the Christian Church.

When the family settled in Iowa O. S. West-
over was twenty years of age and afterward
he taught a subscription school, meantime endur-
ing all the discomforts of "boarding round."
In 1852 he taught a singing school in Union
county, and when twenty-three years of age
was elected justice of the peace, serving for one
term. In 1862 he crossed the plains to Pike's
Peak with cow-teams, and engaged in mining
at Central City, Black Hawk, Russell's Gulch
and Lake City. It was during his residence in
Colorado that he began to collect curios and
thus became interested in the business which
he still follows.

About 1870 he started in business on Lara-
mie street, Denver, and from there in 1882
came to Los Angeles, Cal., and opened a curio
establishment on Spring street, this being one
of the first of its kind in the city. Later he
established himself in similar business at Og-
den and Salt Lake City, returning to California
and starting his present store in 1892. In the
various places where he has made his home
he has made a specialty of collecting anything
connected with the history of the locality. He
has many interesting and curious specimens in
his collection, which well repay careful study
and examination.

The first wife of Professor Westover was Lu-
cinda Lewis, who was born in Indiana and died
in Iowa. Two daughters were born of that
union, one of whom, Dora, died in Osceola,
Iowa, when twenty-two years of age. The
older, Mrs. Cynthia May Westover Alden, is
president-general of the International Sunshine
Society, an author of national prominence, and
for some time has been on the editorial depart-
ment of the Ladies' Home Jonnial. She is a
graduate of the State University of Colorado.'
In addition to her writings, she often enters the
lecture field and her services are in frequent de-
mand for public work of this nature. Her office
in New York City is at No. 96 Fifth avenue.

Professor Westover married his second wife,
[sabelle Cornelius, in Iowa. She was born in
Indiana. By this marriage there arc three chil-
dren, namely: Mrs. Gracie Westover Carrillo,
of Santa Monica; Walter Ritchie Westover,
who is in charge of the Indian curio depart-
ment at Wanamaker's store in New York; and
Maude, who died at four years of age. Profes-
sor Westover is a Republican, with Prohibi-
tion tendencies, being a firm believer in the re-
striction of the sale of all intoxicants. He has
been an officer of the Good Templars' lodge
and a member of the grand lodge and has also
been connected with the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows.

520

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

J. F. MENDENHALL. The successful
business career of J. F. Mendenhall, culminat-
ing in his present responsible position as super-
intendent of the city parks of Los Angeles, is
worthy of emulation, and in its scope for identi-
fication with the future upbuilding of the city
offers many possibilities. A native of the vicin-
ity of Carmel, Hamilton county, Ind., Mr. Men-
denhall was born June 26, 1844, a son of Ira and
Martha (Phelps) Mendenhall. The ancestral
connections of the Mendenhalls are first au-
thentically located in Germany, from which
country some bearing the name emigrated to
England, and from the island home three
brothers came to America. One of the broth-
ers returned to Albion shores, and the two re-
maining located respectively in Virginia and
North Carolina. As far back as can be traced
they were Quakers in religious affiliation, and
the paternal grandfather, Benjamin, who was
born in the Old Dominion state, was one of the
most ardent of this particular organization. He
was one of the very early settlers of Greene
county, Ohio, where he owned and ran an oil
mill, and he was also one of the first to settle in
Hamilton county, Ind., which he reached by
team through the almost primeval woods. Set-
tling in the wilderness a little north of where
Indianapolis now stands, he experienced all of
the trials of early Hoosier life, the Indians
being particularly dangerous. His son, Ira,
was born in Spring Valley, Greene county,
Ohio, and became a farmer in Indiana, where
he died about twenty years ago. His wife, Mar-
tha (Phelps) Mendenhall, was born near Hills-
boro. Highland county, Ohio, a daughter of
John Phelps, who settled in Ohio, and later re-
moved to Indiana, where he founded the town
of Carmel. He was of English descent, and his
first American relatives settled in the south.
Mrs. Mendenhall, who died at the home of her
son, J. F.. in 1898, when eighty-one years old,
was the mother of one son and three daughters,
of whom J. F. is the only one living.

Until his eighteenth year J. F. Mendenhall
lived on the home farm, and attended the dis-
trict schools. In 1864 he went to Indianapolis
and spent three years in clerical work in the
ofifice of the Northwestern Farmer, and after-
wards spent a winter in Columbus, Ohio. Upon
returning to Indianapolis he entered the bank-
ing establishment of Fletcher & Sharpe, and for
eight years held the position of teller of the
bank. As an independent venture he then
started in the seed business, and for six years
catered to a large patronage in the sale of
wholesale and retail farm and flower seeds. In
June of 1886, he came to California and located
in Los Angeles, and engaged in the real-estate
business for two or three years, and was then
employed in the city assessor's office and the
office of the tax collector. I'"ollowing this was his

appointment of secretary of the park commis-
sioners to succeed P. A. Howard, a position
which he maintained with credit from January
of 1895 until January of igai. This responsi-
bility was resigned at the time to accept the
superintendency of the city parks.

The Los Angeles park system, than which no
finer exists in the United States, is maintained
at a cost of about $60,000 annually, and the
number of acres which delight the eye and sat-
isfy the artistic appreciation of the most fas-
tidious is about four thousand. The depart-
ment was organized in 1889, in which year the
State Board of Forestry donated fifty thousand
trees, mainly eucalyptus! There are more than
five hundred foreign trees and plants in the
various parks. Animals also abound, and birds
in great variety, many of which have been do-
nated to the city by people interested in these
playgrounds of the people. Artificial lakes
have been added to collaljorate with nature in
completing a perfect whole, and these are sup-
plied with water from the river and from the
city reservoirs. Twelve parks compose the en-
tire system: Westlake, Eastlake, Elysian, Hol-
lenbeck, Echo, Central, Prospect, Plaza, St.
James, South, Griffith, and the Citv Hall
grounds. C~)f these Westlake park is the most
popular in the city, and all that the mind of
man can conceive of in landscape gardening
is suggested in its most entrancing form. Beau-
tiful and rare trees and flowers, swans and pel-
icans and storks, rowboats and sailboats, band
concerts, fireworks, and special entertainments
draw people by the thousands, and hold them
with the indefinable charm which surrounds
places of this sort in Southern California. It
contains thirty-five acres, ten of which are cov-
ered by the lake, and is kept up at an annual
expenditure of over $10,000. Tlie name of Dr.
E. A. Bryant is inseparably associated with
this ideal retreat, for he it was who conceived
and carried out the first improvements, planted
the first tree, and launched the first boat. East-
lake Park, containing fifty-six acres, with a lake
of eight acres, has conservatories which cost
about $5,000, filled with tropical plants and
gorgeous flowers. Throughout the grounds
are over three hundred varieties of rare trees,
some of them valued as high as $400. Among
the plants and flowers in the greenhouses may
be mentioned orchids, glo.xinias, one hundred
varieties of imported I'elgian azaleas, and there
are over three hundred varieties of cacti. The
animals form the nucleus of a really fine zoolog-
ical collection. Hollenbeck Park was named
for ]\Irs. Hollenbeck who contributed ten of
the twenty-six acres comprising the grounds.
Here also are many methods of amusement,
and the aviaries, in which are kept parrots,
canaries, .\ustraliaii pheasants, <|uail and large
numbers of tropical birds, form an interesting

/5w.^. /S-^^^

/^,^.^c^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

study to the hundreds of visitors. Central
Park, in the center of the city, is beautifully
improved, and, guarding the main entrance, is
the Spanish cannon captured during the war
with Spain at Santiago, Cuba, and presented to
the city by General Shafter, its captor. An-
other item of interest in this park is the impos-
ing monument erected by the city in memory
of the soldier lads of the Seventh California
Infantry who gave their lives for the cause of
freedom in Cuba. One of the most interesting
of the parks of the city is the Plaza, which was
used by the Dons as a public meeting place
when Spanish supremacy was acknowledged in
California, and here were held the cock-fights
and usual Spanish amusements, and here also
was the public market place. Close by is the
old Mission church, on North Main street,
which was founded in 1818. Elysian Park, one
of the most notable of the public amusement
centers of Los Angeles, contains five hundred
and thirty-two acres of land, and enormous
sums of money have been spent in its improve-
ment. Fremont Gate and the winding boule-
vard cost the popular subscription of $27,000,
and gave employment to over one hundred
men. In the spring of 1889 thirty-seven thou-
sand trees, donated by the State Experimental
Station at Santa Monica, were set out at an
expense of about $1,800. The nursery depart-
ment of all the parks is located in the western
end of this park, and the Botanical Gardens, at
the head of Chavez ravine, contain the most
complete collection of rare and beautiful plants
and trees to be found in any of the other parks.
Here is the tree which has made California the
envied of all her sister states, the Sequoia Gi-
gantia, and the Sequoia Sempervirens, or Red-
wood, as well as the Juniperus Procera, the lat-
ter the only specimen ever imported from west-
ern Africa. Elysian Park is maintained at a
yearly expenditure of $12,000, and twenty men
are constantly employed. Besides those men-
tioned there are Echo Park, with its boats and
other means of amusement; Prospect Park,
with its rare trees, among them the cinna-
mon tree and palms; St. James Park, with
its one acre of fine improvements; South
Park, with its partial improvements, but great
promise; Griffith Park, containing three thou-
sand and fifteen acres, donated to the city by
Hon. Griffith J. Griffith, and containing many
fine specimens of the native live oak trees of
Cahfornia, but which is as yet unimproved;
and Sunset Park, also unimproved, and at pres-
ent used for oil purposes.

The marriage of Mr. Mendenhall and Helen
McVickers occurred in Indianapolis, Mrs.
Mendenhall being a native of Dayton, Ohio,
and a daughter of Acher McVickers, a mer-
chant tailor of Indianapolis, and one of the
early settlers of that city. Mr. and Mrs. Men-

denhall have one child, Edith, who has a de-
cided talent for vocal and instrumental music.
Mr. Mendenhall is a stanch Republican, and in-
variably votes that ticket. He is a charter
member of the Indianapolis Board of Trade.
Like his ancestors, he is religiously affiliated
with the Society of Friends. No more public-
spirited man has promoted the all-around well-
being of Los Angeles, nor does any enjoy to a
fuller extent the confidence and good-will of
all who know him.

PERCY O. BUELL. Upon the broad and
fertile acres of the old homestead in Chittenden
county, Vt., which for more than a century had
provided food and shelter for the ancestors of
the Buell family, Percy O. Buell was born Sep-
tember 10, 1876. The same rambling and com-
modious farmhouse had also witnessed the birth
of his father, H. J. Buell, who farmed the old
place on an extensive scale and brought to
perfection its possibilities for growth. In con-
nection also he had a dairy scientifically con-
ducted, and rose to a prominent place, as had
his forefathers in Chittenden county. In 1884
he disposed of the landmark with its old-time
associations, resigned the office of first select-
man and came to Santa Barbara county, Cal.,
buying a ranch in Montecito valley. He en-
gaged in raising hay and grain with considerable
success, and in 1888 bought out Wheeler's store
at the Montecito postoffice and worked up a
large trade in a general mercantile line, continu-
ing the same until his death, January 15, 1899.
The constantly increasing population and de-
mand justified him in enlarging his store from
its original 16x20 to 25x60 feet. He was highly
esteemed in his adopted county, and his busi-
ness sagacity and honest dealings caused him to
be widely known throughout Southern Califor-
nia. His time was divided between his ranch
and store, and his application to business and
desire to please won him a deserved success.
His marriage to Elsie Whitton, a native of Ver-
mont, was blessed with six children, four of
wliom are living: Percy O., Ada E., Arthur W.
and Lester H. Mrs. Buell is still living, and
with her children resides at Montecito.

Of his native state of Vermont Percy O. Buell
has little remembrance, for he was a mere boy
when his parents came to California. He was
educated in the public schools of Santa Barbara
county, and while quite young was initiated into
the general merchandise business in his father's
store. Since the death of the elder Buell he has
continued to manage the affairs of the store with
gratifying success, and from time to time intro-
duces such modern and improving methods into
his business relations with the public as to keep
him in touch with the best commercial element
of his county. More and more the surrounding
agricuhurists and home residents are appreciat-

534

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ing the benefits in their midst of a well-kept and
up-to-date establishment, which thoughtfully
supplies their needs at prices compatible with
the best interests of all concerned. Mr. Buell is
a wide-awake member of society, and has the
confidence of all who know him. Fraternally
he is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Uni-
form Rank.

JAMES CLINTON LEWIS. Twenty-five
years after he first came to California, Mr.
Lewis established his home in Los Angeles, in
May, 1895. In September of the same year he
purchased from R. W. Wood the mercantile
business on \'ernon and Central avenues, in
South Los Angeles, and he has since conducted
a growmg and important trade on this corner.
During 1901 he erected a business block, 27x90
feet, and two stories in height, in which build-
ing he has since carried a large and complete
stock of general mercantile supplies. A va-
cancy occurred in the South Los Angeles post-
office in 1895 and he was appointed to fill the
same, assuming the duties of the office on the
1st of Januar}-, 1896, and holding the commis-
sion until thi's locality was incorporated with
Los Angeles proper. Corresponding with this
change, the South Los Angeles office became
Station K of the Los Angeles office, September
15, 1897, and he was chosen superintendent of
the station, which position he has since held,
the station now being in his new business block.

In Merthyr-TydvU, county of Glamorgan,
Wales, Mr. Lewis was born July 3, 1856, a son
of Thomas and Sarah (Hussey) Lewis, natives
respectively of Pembrokeshire and Monmouth-
shire, England. His mother, who was a daugh-
ter of Richard Hussey, died in 1885. His
father, who was reared to a seafaring life, but
early began to mine in Glamorganshire, came
to California via Panama in 1863 and engaged
in placer mining for some years, but is now liv-
ing on a farm in Sierra county. Three of his
children are in the same county, the fourth
and oldest being James C, of Los Angeles. He
began to work m rolling mills when ten years of
age. October 6, 1870, he started for California,
via. New York, Aspinwall and Panama, and
after a voyage of six weeks arrived in Sierra
county November 17. The following year he
attended school for eight months, and this is all
the schooling he ever had. From 1872 until the
fall of 1876 he clerked for Kleckner Brothers
at Port Wine, Sierra county. Next he was em-
ployed as bookkeeper in the Bank of Ukiah. in
Mendocino county. In 1879 he resigned the
latter position and began prospecting at Hay-
den Hill, Lassen county, Cal., but soon became
a clerk at Adin, Modoc county, later acquiring
an interest in the business and continuing as
part owner for some time. In 1886 he sold his
interest, but continued with the new firm for

three years, after which, until 1892, he served
as justice of the peace, notary public and col-
lector. His next location was Paisley, Ore.,
where he was clerk in a general store, remain-
ing there until his removal to Los Angeles.

While living in Lassen county, in 1883, Mr.
Lewis married Miss Lillie M. Kelley, who was
born in Sacramento county, this state. They
have one child, Harriet May. At this writing
Mr. Lewis is a member of the state Republican
central committee, representing the seventy-
second assembly district. His connection with
the Masonic order dates back to his residence
in Ukiah, Cal., when he was made a Mason in
Abel Lodge No. 146, F. & A. M. Later he
was for two years secretary of Adin Lodge No.
250, and from 1884 to 1889 master of the same.
At this writing he is connected with Pentalpha
Lodge No. 202. He was raised to the Royal
.\rch degree in Lassen Chapter No. 47, later
was high priest of Acacia Chapter at Adin, and
is now a member of Signet Chapter No. 57, R.
A. M., in Los Angeles. A further promotion
in Masonry made him a Knight Templar in Las-
sen Commandery No. 13, with which he is still
connected.

JOHN LONGAWA. Having been one of
the pioneers of California, Mr. Longawa is
well posted concerning the development of this
state, and no one is more interested than he in
its advancement along every line of material,
educational and moral progress. He is of Cana-
dian parentage. His father, Paul, who was a
native of the province of Ontario, took part in
the Canadian rebellion as a McKinzie sup-
porter, and consequently left that country and
settled in the states. His last years were passed
on a farm near Alalone, St. Lawrence county,
N. Y., and his wife, Sophia, also a Canadian by
birth, died in the east. Of their nine children,
four are living, John being the only one of the
number in California. He was born on the
homestead near Malone, N. Y., March 18, 1842.
At the age of twelve years he began to learn the
trade of a carriage painter, and in this he contin-
ued at home until 1863. On the 12th of July of
that year he took a steamer at New York for
.\spinwall, then crossed the isthmus, and from
there journeyed on the Golden Gate to San
Francisco. Immediately after his arrival in Cal-
ifornia he began to work at his trade. Succes-
sively he had shops in Marysville, Sacramento
and San Francisco, after which he spent two
years in Virginia City, Nev. Returning to Sac-
ramento, he remained there until 1876, at which
time he settled in Santa Barbara.

Since coming to this city, Mr. Longawa has
been proprietor of a painter's shop, first located
on Canon Pcrdido, near State street, in a build-
ing erected under his supervision; but in 1899
he removed to No. 107 West Canon Perdido

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

535

street. In connection with this enterprise, he
has a Hvery business, which he started in 1893
and which he now conckicts at the same address
with his carriage painting shop. The Ckib liv-
ery is one of tlie old estabhshed enterprises of
Santa Barbara, and its proprietor has built up
an excellent trade through his uniform relia-
bility of transactions and accommodating dis-
position. It is said that, while in San Francisco,
he was regarded as one of the best carriage
painters in all of that city, and his success in
striping was so remarkable that he was often
called "John the Striper" by the other men in
the trade.

The Republican party always receives the
stanch support of J\Ir. Longawa, who is a firm
believer in its principles. Fraternally he is con-
nected with the Independent Order of Forest-
ers and is a charter member of No. 613,
B. P. O. E. After coming to Santa Barbara he
married Miss Mary Walsh, who was born in
Toronto, Canada, and came to this county in
1875. They are the parents of three children:
Fred, John and Sophia, the daughter being the
wife of Thomas Goux, of Santa Barbara.

CAESAR EUGENE LATAILLADE. Ever
since 1892 JNIr. Lataillade has represented the
third ward of Santa Barbara in the city council,
where he is now chairman of the committee
on public buildings and the streets and plaza
committee. This is not his first experience in
municipal affairs, for as early as 1874 he was
elected councilman, and re-elected each suc-
ceeding year until 1878, when he resigned on
going to Europe. During his first year in the
council the city hall was erected, and recently
he served on the committee that built the water
tunnel, the city water works and secured most
of the street grading and sidewalk improve-
ments.

Born in Santa Barbara, December 7, 1849,
Mr. Lataillade is a son of Arniaud Caesar Latail-
lade, who was born in San Jean de Luce, South
France, in 1819, a son of Thomas Lataillade.
When eighteen years of age he went to Mexico
with two brothers, and, as supercargo of a
schooner, worked his way from South America
and the Mexican coast to California. His first
trip to Santa Barabara was made in 1841, on
the brig Choto, with $10,000 worth of goods.
On his second trip the value of the goods was
$80,000. At various times he acquired owner-
ship of various tracts of land, including the fol-
lowing ranches: La Zaca, four thousand acres;
Corralde Quate, thirteen thousand acres: Cuy-
ama (ist) and Cuyama (2d), seventy thousand
acres. The two first named ranches he stocked,
and in 1848 sold one-half interest to Caspar
Orena, with whom he continued in partner-
ship until his death. December 22, 1848, he
was appointed French consul at IMonterey by

James K. Polk, the then president. April 12,
1849, he was killed by the accidental discharge
of a gun. His body was interred in the old mis-
sion.

In 1848 a family of thirteen were murdered
one night in San Miguel mission by five
strangers, two of whom were Germans, one
Irishman and two Americans. Word was re-
ceived by Armaud C. Lataillade that the men
were coming his way. Gathering together fif-
teen men, he went north a few miles to inter-
cept them, but they escaped by the foothills.
On his return to Santa Barbara, he heard that
they were passing Montecito. Again sum-
moning the fifteen men, he started in pursuit
and overtook them at the present site of Sum-
merland. One of the pursuing party overtook
one of the murderers, but, before he could cap-
ture him, an American murderer killed him with
a shot gun. Another murderer, fleeing, threw
himself into the ocean and was drowned. Four
were captured, brought to Santa Barbara, con-
fessed their guilt, and were shot on West De
la Guerra street, three hundred feet west of
State street. In April of the next year, Mr.
Lataillade started with one thousand head of
cattle for the mines in the north, while his
partner, Mr. Orena, was gathering stock.
While arranging his affairs here, on the eve of
starting, he found one of the chimneys of his
gun faulty, so he took a barrel from an old
gun that one of the murderers had carried, went
with it to a blacksmith and, while the black-
smith was at the forge, he, never supposing the
gun was loaded, put the old barrel in the fire.
It was discharged into his groin and he died
thirty-nine hours afterward.

The mother of our subject was Maria An-
tonia De la Guerra, who was born in Santa
Barbara. After the death of her first husband,
she became the wife of Caspar Orena. She
now resides-in San Francisco, Cal., but still re-
tains valuable property in Santa Barbara and
Ventura counties, an entire block in the city of
Santa Barbara, and real estate in Los Angeles.
Of her first marriage were born two children
now living: Maria Antonia, at home: and Cae-
sar Eugene. Her father, Don Jose Antonio De
la Guerra, a native of the north part of Spain
and the son of wealthy parents, went to Mexico
as a captain in the Spanish army, and in 1801
located in Santa Barbara. Cal., where he mar-
ried Miss Maria A. Carillo. From the Mexi-
can government he bought a grant to forty-
eight thousand acres at San Julian, one hun-
dred thousand acres in \'cntura county, and Los
Pasos Rancho, having in all over fifty Spanish
leagues. He laid out De la Guerra square and
built the historic mansion, with plaza, around
which cluster so many memories of early days.
Here he died in 1858.

In Santa Ynez College and the first fre.e

6S6

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

school in Santa Barbara, the subject of this
article received his education. He learned the
plumber's trade m San Francisco and for eight
years carried on a hardware business on State
street, Santa Barbara, but finally sold out to
Roeder & Ott. In 1878 he visited the Paris
Exposition and spent a year in France and
Spain, meantime meeting many relatives he had
never before seen. After his return he took
charge of the property and ranches, but some
years later withdrew and in 1885 settled in Santa
Barbara, since which time he has been a notary
public and dealer in real estate. He is a stanch
Democrat and a worker in the county com-
mittee.

DANIEL GIBLER. Horticulture is the
principal industry of Pomona, and the raising
of oranges and lemons the specialty of most
residents. Indeed, this statement is true not
alone of Pomona and the adjoining villages of
Claremont, Spadra, North Pomona, etc., but of
the most fertile sections of the entire county of
Los Angeles. One of the successful horticul-
turists of the county is Daniel Gibler, whose or-
chard lies between Pomona and Claremont. On
this place, which is known as Rosemont, he
has made his home since December, 1892,
meantime busily engaged in the cultivation of
the land and the care of his trees. He owns
ten acres, a part of which is in oranges, the
balance being planted to lemons. He has an-
other orchard of fifteen acres of oranges in San
Bernardino county, Cal. His methods of cul-
tivation have proved successful, as is evidenced
I)y the appearance of his land. Besides the man-
agement of his property he has been vice presi-
dent and a director in the Indian Hill Citrus
Union, but at present is not officially connected
with the same.

THOMAS H. BUCKMASTER. This prom-
inent walnut grower, builder and contractor,
and vice-president of the Home Oil Company,
came to Whittier in August, 1894, and has since
conducted the various enterprises in which he
is interested in a way which reflects credit upon
liimself and the community in which his lot
is cast.

Among the vast number of resources of Cali-
fornia may be mentioned the quite recent dis-
covery of oil, which has opened yet another
avenue of industry and speculation for the
dwellers in this state of plenty. Mr. Buck-
master became interested in the departure al-
most at its inception and was one of the organ-
izers and incorporators of the Home Oil Com-
pany, and is at this writing vice-president of
the same. For the first year he served as man-
ager and has since been a member of the board
of directors. On his ranch in East Whittier are
grown walnuts and oranges, and as an horti-

culturist and walnut grower he has been very
successful. Fraternally he is associated with
the Ancient Order of United Workmen. With
his family he is a member of, and active worker
in, the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is re-
garded as one of Whittier's reliable and pro-
gressive citizens, and during his sojourn here
has won the confidence and esteem of all who
know him.

W. H. LAYNE. As one of the walnut
growers near Saticoy, Mr. Layne has been
identified with the interests of the Santa
Clara valley since he came here from Texas
in 1891. He was born in Washington
county, Texas, August 10, 1850, and is a son
of Robert and Martha (Thompson) Layne, na-
tives respectively of Missouri and Alabama. In
1836 his father became a pioneer of Texas, set-
tling in Washington county and taking up a
tract of land, to the cultivation of which he de-
voted his remaining years. While he was still
a young man his life work was ended. His wife
had settled in Texas before the war for Texas
independence, and her brother, Ancil Thomp-
son, died while a soldier in the Texan army.

Such education as was possible to obtain
from local schools Mr. Layne enjoyed when a
boy in his native county. However, his edu-
cation has been obtained principally in the great
school of experience. When starting out for
himself, he settled on a ranch of fourteen hun-
dred acres, where he engaged in raising sheep
and selling wool. From a small flock he in-
creased his sheep until they numbered twenty-
five hundred head. In 1891 he came to Califor-
nia and settled in Ventura county, buying a wal-
nut orchard of fort}'-two acres. The trees
which were then a year old, were of the Santa
Barbara soft shell variety. Since coming here
he has acquired a thorough knowledge of wal-
nut-growing, and has been an active worker in
the Saticoy Walnut Growers' Association.
Much of his time has been devoted to the im-
provement of his property. He makes his home
on the ranch, where he has a small, but cozy
and comfortable house. Water for all purposes
is supplied by a private water plant of twenty
horse-power gasoline engine, furnishing twen-
ty-four miners' inches.

The marriage of Mr. Layne united him with
Miss Lulu Goode, who was born in Lake
Charles, La. They are the parents of three
sons, namely: William Robert, who is a grad-
uate of the class of 1900, Ventura high school,
and now attends the Mark Hopkins Institute
of Art, a branch of the California State Uni-
versity; Louis Walker and Edwin Forrest, who
are at home.

In edircational matters Mr. Layne is active,
being now a member of the board of trustees
of the grammar school in Saticoy and the high

^/Zh^p--vw iA/^fi^/i^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

629

school at Ventura. Politically he is a Demo-
crat. One of the local enterprises with which he
is connected as a director is the Saticoy Co-op-
erative Store. Fraternally he is a member of
\^entura Lodge, F. & A. M. In religious views
he is a Presbyterian, and the church of that
denomination in Saticoy has the benefit of his
services as a trustee.

HENRY N. RYAN. To attain to so hon-
ored a place in the community as has Henry N.
Ryan is to live worthily and improve the oppor-
tunities within reach of one's ability and indus-
try. Without doubt the surroundings of his
youth had much to do with formulating those
principles of truth and honesty which are the
keynote of his character and which have helped
him in surmounting difficulties and attaining to
his desires. A native of St. Charles county, Mo.,
Mr. Ryan was born in December of 1825, his
father, Henry, being a native of Ireland, and
his mother, Catherine (Smelser) Ryan, a native
of Georgia. Henry Ryan settled in Missouri at
a very early day, and after his son's birth the
family removed to St. Louis, which at that time
was but a little village with no immediate pros-
pects of developing into a city. After two years
they returned to St. Charles county, Mo., which
continued to be their home until Henry N. was
about eleven years of age. After removing to
Alton, 111., the parents died, and Henry N., then
but twelve years old, faced the problem of self-
support. He manfully put his shoulder to the
wheel of necessity and applied himself to learn-
ing the trade of harness-making, thereafter
working at the same until 1847.

In the hope of finding a better field for the
future Mr. Ryan removed from Illinois to Inde-
pendence, Mo., and was diligently applying his
trade when the war with Mexico broke out. As
became a loyal youth he enlisted in the war in
Company A., Donaldson's regiment, Captain
Waldo commanding, and went to Mexico by way
of Santa Fe, returning through Texas. While
in the service he participated in the battle of
Sacramento and several others, and the regi-
ment was at El Paso for a month, eventually
being discharged at New Orleans. After the
war Mr. Ryan returned to Independence, Mo.,
where he opened a shop, which was sold out
before many months in order that he might join
a friend in an overland trip to California. Mr.
Moody and himself got together the necessary
provisions, a wagon and a team of oxen, and
started out, their journey being enlivened by
meeting a train of emigrants whose destination
was similar to their own. However, they left
the train behind, and when yet many miles
from their goal Mr. Ryan left Mr. Moody and
the oxen, came on ahead, worked two weeks for
some money with which to defray necessary ex-
penses, then walked back a hundred miles to re-

join the oxen and his friend. They staid at
Feather river and engaged in mining until 1853,
when Mr. Ryan came to Santa Cruz and began
ranching, continuing that occupation with good
results until 1876, when he settled in Lompoc.
In one year alone in Santa Cruz he raised six
thousand sacks of potatoes, but was unable to
sell a bushel.

In the mean time Mr. Ryan had many times
visited Lompoc, and had on one of his trips in-
vested in eighty acres of land. This, and later
purchases amounting in all to two hundred and
twenty acres, in three ranches, is still in his pos-
session, although the country property is all
rented out. He has a beautiful southern home
on the corner of Ocean avenue and L street,
Lompoc, built a few years ago, with every idea
of comfort and convenience, and he also has an-
other house in the town, besides other town
property.

In Santa Cruz, in 1866, Mr. Ryan married
j\lary Seitz, who was born in New York state,
and of this union there was one child, a daugh-
ter, who died at the age of nineteen years. In
national politics Mr. Ryan is a Democrat, and
first voted for Zachariah Taylor. He has never
desired political office, his numerous interests
taking up all of his time and attention.

FRANK KAHLES. The genial and enter-
prising manager of the Crocker-Sperry ranch
at Montecito, has had an extended career
as an horticulturist, agriculturist and land-
scape gardener, and thoroughly understands
every department of the work to which
he is devoting his life. He is a na-
tive of Bavaria, Germany, and in that coun-
try learned the art of landscape gardening.
Upon immigrating to America in 1871, his serv-
ices were utilized by the most exclusive and
particular appreciators of his art in New York,
and he laid out the grounds for D. A. Kane,
afterwards being superintendent for H. Have-
meyer on Long Island. This position he filled
for ten years, and then came to California,
where he was at first employed as head gar-
dener for Charles Crocker in San Francisco,
having full charge of his grounds wherever lo-
cated. In 1895 he came to his present home at
Montecito.

The Crocker-Sperry ranch consists of three
hundred acres, the greater portion of which is
devoted to lemon culture, the whole comprising
the largest lemon ranch in Santa Barbara coun-
ty. Mr. Kahles is in complete charge of the
growing, shipping, packing and selling, and all
of the work is done on the ranch. His wide
knowledge of horticultural matters has brought
him prominently before the public, and has re-
sulted in his appointment as president of the
Santa Barbara Horticultural Society. His work
in connection with the ranch of which he has

530

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

charge has been truly remarkable, for when it
came under his management it was very much
run down and in a discouraging condition. He
has placed it on a paying basis, aiid trans-
formed it into a model of its kind without a
superior in the county. He is the inventor of
the distillate spray, a device for removing the
scale from the trees, and which is now recom-
mended by the state board of horticulture.

In fraternal circles Mr. Kahles is connected
with the Knights of Pythias lodge of New
York, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows
in San Francisco, the Masonic blue lodge in
San Francisco, the Royal Arch Chapter and
Knights Templar Commandery at Santa Bar-
bara.

JOHN CHARLES FREMONT. The cele-
brated "Pathfinder," whose name gained world-
wide fame during the nineteenth century, was
bom in Savannah, Ga., January i, 1813, being
a son of John Charles and Anne B. (Whiting)
Fremont, natives respectively of France and
Virginia. During boyhood he lived with his
widowed mother at Charleston, S. C. From 1833
to 1835 he was a teacher of mathematics on the
sloop-of-war Natchez, and later became assist-
ant to Capt. W. G. Williams of the United
States topographical engineers. In 1838 he ex-
plored the country north of the Missouri river.
July 8, 1838, he was commissioned second lieu-
tenant of the topographical engineer corps.
October 19, 1841, he married Jessie, daughter
of United States Senator Thomas H. Benton
of Missouri. May 2, 1842, he left Washington,
D. C, in charge of an expedition to survey be-
yond the Rocky Mountains by the south pass,
and explored the Wind river mountains. One
of the members of the expedition was Kit Car-
son.

In May of 1843, with thirty-nine men, Mr.
Fremont set out to find a path to the Pacific
ocean. September 6, 1843, they came in view
of Great Salt Lake. In the depth of winter
they crossed into the California valley. Early
in March of 1844 they reached Sutter's Fort in
Sacramento, and on the 24th of the same month
started back, reaching Kansas July i, 1844.
The third expedition in which General Fremont
was engaged took place in 1845 and brought
him to Monterey, the old capital of California,
whence he proceeded to Tiamath Lake. Re-
ceiving orders from Washington to defend the
United States interests in California and to pro-
tect American settlers, he acted so promptly that
in a short time he had wrested Northern Cali-
fornia from Mexican rule. July 4, 1846, he was
elected governor of California. January 13,
1847, he concluded articles of capitulation with
the Mexicans by the treaty of Cahuenga, which
left the territory in the possession of the United
States. In 1849 he was elected United States

Senator from California and took his seat Sep-
tember 10, 1850, the day after California was
admitted as a state. At the expiration of his
term he and his family spent two years in Eu-
rope.

The fifth expedition of General Fremont
across the continent to California began in Sep-
tember of 1853. Three years later he was made
the champion of a new political party whose
rallying cry was "Free soil, free speech, free-
dom and Fremont." At the Republican nation-
al convention of June, 1856, he was nominated
for president. In 1858 he returned to Cali-
fornia. At the outbreak of the Civil war he was
made major-general, in command of the west-
ern department of the regular army, with head-
quarters in St. Louis. In March of 1862 Presi-
dent Lincoln gave him command of the moun-
tain district of Virginia, Kentucky and Tennes-
see. In 1878 he was appointed governor of
Arizona, which office he held for three years.
In 1890 he was made a major-general of the
regular army by act of congress. His death
occurred July 13, 1890, while on a temporary
visit in New York City. During the same year
his widow was granted a special pension by
congress. Another gift, indicative of the re-
gard in which she was held, came to her from
the women of California, being a charming res-
idence in Los Angeles, where she still resides.

The memories of Mrs. Jessie Benton Fre-
mont extend back to the early days of Wash-
ington history. When thirteen years old she
attended a dinner at the White House, given
by President Van Buren in honor of his son.
A year later she attended a great state dinner
given by the president in honor of the Russian
minister, Bodisco the Splendid, and his sixteen-
year-old bride. This marriage between a bride-
groom of sixty-five and his young bride was
the most gorgeous ceremony Washington had
ever witnessed, and Jessie Benton was one of
the bridesmaids, Mr. "Buchanan (afterward pres-
ident) being the attending groomsman. At the
age of sixteen she eloped with John C. Fre-
mont, whom she married in opposition to the
wishes of her father: however, the latter soon
relented and welcomed the young couple back
to his home and affection. When she decided to
join her husband in California in 1848, she sailed
from New York for Panama, encountering many
perils and hardships. Ever}- sort of unexpected
misfortune overtook her, but with splendid cour-
age she persisted in her purpose of joining her
husband, of whom she had received no news
for months. She was more dead than alive
when finally she reached San Francisco, where
she had the joy of seeing her husband there
to greet her. Of California as she found it in
those days, she tells entertainingly in a little
volume, entitled, "A Year of American Travel."
Others of her well-known works are "Souvenirs

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

531

of My Time," "A Sketch of Senator Fremont,"
"Story of the Guard" and "Will and Way Sto-
ries." At this writing she is engaged in the
preparation of her autobiography, in which will
be fascinating glimpses of a romantic and pic-
turesque past.

CRAWFORD P. TEAGUE. As early as
the fall of 1878, when the now flourishing town
of San Dimas was known as Mud Springs, Mr.
League, with two of his sons, settled at this
place, becoming a pioneer of a new and unim-
proved section of country. He was at the time
a member of the Alound City Land and Water
Association, located at Azusa, which had pur-
chased over four thousand acres of the Dalton
homestead at Azusa and an undivided one-third
interest in the San Jose rancho; also the addition
in the San Jose rancho, making 13,666 acres.
The corporation made the first payment of $35.-
000 on the land, and then, witnm a year alter
buying the property, went into liquidation. Be-
ing thus thrown upon his own resources, Mr.
Teague leased a tract of land at Mud Springs
(now San DimasJ, on which he remained tor
some years. In the spring of 1887 he purchased
thirty acres, a part of the old San Jose tract,
and to the development of this he gave his at-
tention, setting out a large number of citrus
fruit trees and paying close attention to their
care and growth. Since 1881 he has been a
resident of San Dimas.

JOHN LANE. A master workman, Mr.
Lane has the reputation of being one of the
most practical and successful plumbers in South-
ern California. The many intricate phases of
his particular occupation, upon which depend
the general health of a city and the existence or
non-existence of sanitary conditions, have been
studied by this artisan, who, with his fellow
workers, is entitled to credit for his intelligent
compreiiension of the occupation.

A native of Cardiff, Wales, Mr. Lane was
born December 9, 1858, and is the youngest
son in a family of seven children, of whom five
are living. His father, Thomas, was born in
Bristol, England, and was a chain maker by
occupation. In this connection he was asso-
ciated with some interesting undertakings,
among others being the fact tliat he manufac-
tured the chain which successfully launched the
Great Eastern, at the time the greatest craft
ever floated upon the waters. He immigrated
to America in 1869. and brought his family via
Panama to California, where his death occurred
at Haywards, Alameda county. He married
Elizabeth Spriggs, who was also born in Bris-
tol, and who is now living in Oakland, Cal.

John Lane came to -America with the rest of
the family, and upon settling in California, re-
ceived his education and home training at Hay-

wards. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed

to a plumber and tinsmith for three years, and
afterwards continued to work for the firm for

four years. He was then employed by the Pa-
cific Improvement Company, that built the

Southern Pacific Railroad at Salida, and as
teamster worked all the way down to King
City. He was then sent to Saugus as teamster
for a month, and in 1881 located in Los An-
geles in the employ of the plumber, A. H. Lang-
ley. In 1885 he located in Ventura in the
plumbing business, and has ever since had
charge of all the principal city work in his
line. He was for a time engaged with Charle-
bois & Co., as foreman of their plumbing de-
partment, but resigned that position in 1900,
and started the business of Lane & Brown, with
offices located at the corner of Santa Clara and
California avenues. The firm have charge of
all the sewer work of the city, and have man-
aged the plumbing in the large buildings and
principal residences.

^ In Los Angeles Mr. Lane married Lucy E.
Tappiner, a native of San Francisco. Of this
union there is one child, Bessie. Mr. Lane is
associated with the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows, and the Independent Order of For-
esters, in which latter organization he is a past
ofificer. He is a member of the board of trade,
and of the State Association of Master Plumb-
ers. He owns considerable property in Ventura,
and has just finished building his fourth resi-
dence. His efforts and admirable traits of char-
acter have gained for him many friends, and
the good will and esteem of the communitv in
which he lives.

ROBERT McFADDEN. Although a many-
sided projector, the commercial standing of Mr.
AIcFadden is best gauged by his interest in the
lumber business, in the pursuit of which the
greater part of his life has been spent. As the
general manager of the Newport Wharf &
Lumber Company, of which he was one of the
incorporators and chief promoters, he exerts
a wide influence upon the trade throughout the
region affected by his jurisdiction, and is one
of the best informed men on the subject in the
state. His first experience in the line was ac-
quired at a comparatively young age in his na-
tive state of New York, where he was born in
Delaware county August 25, 1845. Of Scotch
ancestry, his parents, John and Effie (Lamont)
McFadden, were natives of Scotland, and were
successful, well-to-do people in the country of
their adoption.

After removing to California Mr. McFadden
was for a number of \ears a memlier of the
firm of McFadden Brothers, lumber dealers
and shippers, and later on engaged independ-
ently in the lumber business. While in partner-
ship with his brothers the firm facilitated their

532

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

business by building the steamer Newport,
which was used for many years as a freighter
plying between Newport and San Francisco,
and was known as a reliable and safe seagoing
craft. During his residence in Santa .\na Mr.
jMcFadden has at times been interested exten-
sively in real estate, particularly during the
early growing years of the town. In further-
ing the interests of the town he became one
of the mcorporators and builders of the New-
port Railroad, running between Santa Ana
and Newport, and from the latter place to what
is now Smeltzer Station in the peat lands. Of
this railroad company he served as a director
and vice-president for several years. Interest-
ing to note is the fact that this pioneer lumber-
man of the region bored the first artesian well
in what is now Orange county, which at the
time was justly regarded as an important ad-
vance in the development of the limited water
supply. The well is located two miles south
of Santa Ana, and was the forerunner of many
similar borings through erstwhile baked and
parched soil.

Scarcely an opportunity afforded in Orange
county seems to have escaped the practical at-
tention of Mr, McFadden. He is a scientific
horticulturist, and besides oranges, raises Eng-
lish walnuts, and owns a productive vineyard.
A dairy is among his well-managed and profit-
able ventures, as well as a farm devoted to gen-
eral agriculture. In a city where beautiful
homes are the rule rather than the exception,
his own residence is one of the finest and most
attractive.

MAJOR GEORGE H. BONEBRAKE was
born in Eaton, Preble county, Ohio. His early
years were spent upon the ancestral farm, and
he attended the village school two or three
months each winter. When seventeen he en-
tered the Otterbein University at Westerville.
.\fter six years of hard study he was gradu-
ated, and so proficient was he in Latin and
Greek, German and French, that he was imme-
diately elected professor of languages in an
academy in a neighboring town. A man not
possessed of great ambition would have found
enough in the duties of his position to absorb
all his energies. Prof. Bonebrake found time
simultaneously to study law. In 1862 he volun-
teered as a private in an Indiana infantry regi-
ment. By the close of the war the private had
won his way to be major of his regiment, with
the brevet of lieutenant-colonel.

Major Bonebrake returned to Indianapolis
and formed a law partnership with his former
instructor under the style of Brown & Bone-
brake. About the same time he married a for-
mer schoolmate, Miss Emma Locke. In 1869
he was made cashier of the Citizens' Bank at
Noblesville, Ind. He held this position until

1878, when, consumption attacking the health of
Mrs. Bonebrake, the family came to California,
hoping the climate might restore her. The hope
was vain. The insidious disease had obtained
too firm a hold; she declined little by little,
finally dying. In accordance with her request,
she was laid to rest beneath California's sunny
skies.

Too energetic of mind to be idle long, Major
Bonebrake soon went into business with all the
intensity of his nature, and for nearly twenty
years he stood in the foremost ranks of the little
army of courageous and enterprising men who
have so marvelously developed the resources of
this section and built up the city of Los Angeles.
Away back in the early '80s he was instrumen-
tal in tearing away the old shanties at the cor-
ner of Spring and First streets and replacing
them with the handsome bank building. Di-
rectly afterward he was the main spirit in re-
placing the old Spring street brick school with
the magnificent Bryson-Bonebrake block. Dur-
ing all this time he was one of the active finan-
ciers of this section. His masterly hand was
busy in organizing bank after bank in the towns
as they have grown and multiplied, until he be-
came a director in half a score of these institu-
tions, being vice president of most of them, as
well as president of the Los Angeles National.
Every bank which had the advantages of his
wise direction proved a gratifying success.
Meantime he established carriage repositories
all the way from here to Puget Sound. He was
also a successful patron of horticulture, plant-
ing, owning and supervising numerous groves
of walnuts, olives, lemons and oranges.

JONATHAN BAILEY. To 2^Ir. Bailey be-
longs the distinction of being the first settler
of what is now Whittier. As president of the
Pickering Land and Water Company he came
to the present site of the town in May, 1887,
and established his home in the midst of a
field of barley, his nearest neighbor being two
miles distant. He continued as president of
the company for two years and for some years
afterward officiated as vice-president, in both
of which capacities he did much to secure the
development of the place and interest people in
investing in property here. Naturally, there-
fore, he has a wide acquaintance throughout
this section of the state. His first trip to Cali-
fornia was made in 1875, when he brought an
invalid son, E. F. Bailey, to this state, hoping
that the change of climate might prove bene-
ficial, and the result proved that the step was a
wise one. Four years later he again came to
the Pacific coast, remaining for a short time.
His permanent removal to the state was in 1885,
and for two years he resided in Los Angeles,
after which he came to his present home in
Whittier. Since then he has been identified

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

535

with many of the movements originated to pro-
mote the welfare of the town.

JOHN G. PRELL. It is with a feeling of
justifiable pride that Air. Prell narrates his ex-
periences in the early days of the Santa ]\Iaria
valley, of which he was one of the first settlers
and in which he built the first house. When he
first came here in 1868 he took up a quarter sec-
tion of land, six other people having taken up
the same amount. However, no one had as yet
Iniilt a house, and he paid a man $35 to haul
sufficient lumber for a cottage from San Luis
Obispo. November 7, 1868, the home was ready
for occupancy, and the following year the family
took possession. From then until the present
time Mr. Prell has demonstrated his right to be
accounted one of the most substantial and pub-
lic-spirited citizens of this part of Santa Barbara
county, his industry and correct knowledge of
farming having been rewarded with unfailing
crops and a corresponding reward for labor in-
vested. To his original purchase of a quarter
section have since been added varying amounts
from time to time, so that now he owns five
hundred and sixty acres of^land, all tillable, and
devoted largely to beets, beans, barley and gen-
eral produce, as well as stock-raising. The whole
constitutes as fine a property as one would care
to see, with a commodious and comfortable
home, equally convenient and modern barns, and
the best procurable implements on the market.

A native of Germany, Mr. Prell was born in
Prussia February 5, 1837, and was reared on a
farm and educated in the public schools. At the
age of fifteen he was apprenticed for three years
to learn the trade of cooper, and when eighteen
years of age accompanied his mother, three
brothers and one sister to America, his father
having died in 1855. They settled on a farm near
South Bend, Ind., where John G. worked at brick
molding, being one of the youngest in the fam-
ily, a fact which necessitated his leaving the
parental roof to hustle for himself. In i860 he
became possessed of the westward fever, and of
the possibilities of mining near Pike's Peak,
Colo., but his- success there was not such as to
justify him in experimenting in mining for more
than a few months. Going further west he
engaged in placer mining near Placerville
for a short time, and later, in the (juest for a
desirable permanent location, visited San Fran-
cisco and San Jose. In the spring of 1861 he
went to Los Angeles and was there one summer,
when it had but three brick buildings — the Tem-
ple block, Presbyterian Church and United
States District court. He returned to San Jose,
where he remained until the spring of t866.
( Overcome with longing for the familiar faces
of his family near South Bend, Ind., he repaired
lliitlier and bought a farm in Jasper county. Mo.,
iioping to there realize his expectations for a

prosperous and comfortable home. Somewhat
disappointed in this regard, he retraced his steps
to California in 1867, and the following year
settled in the Santa Maria valley, as heretofore
stated.

At Rolla, Mo., Mr. Prell married Eliza Pow-
ers, a native of Ohio, and to this couple were
born four children: John S.; Lillie, now Airs.
Cook, of the Santa Alaria valley; Blanche and
Laura, who are at home. A Republican in poli-
tics, Mr. Prell departed from the traditions of
his party during the last election on account of
his affiliation with the free silver platform and
voted the Democratic ticket. For nearly forty
years he has been a Mason, having joined that
organization in Santa Clara, and he has been a
member of the Odd Fellows since 1858. In re-
ligious belief he is a Unitarian.

FRANK M. CHAPMAN, of Covina, is a
native of Illinois, having been born in Macomb,
McDonough county, of that state, on the first
day of the year 1849. He is the eldest of a large
family of children born to Sidney S. and
Rebecca Jane Chapman. His father was born
in Ashtabula county, Ohio, in 1826, and was a
descendant of one of three brothers who came
from England to Massachusetts about 1650.
He went to Macomb when a young man, and in
1846 was united in marriage with Rebecca Jane
Clarke, the eldest daughter of David and Eliza
(Russell) Clarke, natives of Kentucky and early
pioneers of central Illinois.

Mr. Chapman's boyhood was passed at Ma-
comb. Here he attended the common schools
and engaged in various occupations until he
answered the last call made by President Lin-
coln for soldiers. He enlisted in Company C,
One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois In-
fantry. Though a mere boy in years he was
accepted, and with his regiment went south,
where he remained until after the close of the
war, when he was honorably discharged.

LTpon his return home Air. Chapman engaged
at clerking in a store until 1868, when he went
to the neighboring town of \'ermont and en-
gaged in business for himself. After the great
fire at Chicago in 1871, there being a great de-
mand for bricklayers in that city, and having
learned that trade with his father, who was a
builder, he went there, and for a while was fore-
man for a large building firm. Then for a time
he engaged in building and contracting in that
city, when he again drifted into mercantile life.
This he followed with varying success until he
began the study of medicine. Entering the Ben-
nett Aledical College in Chicago, he was gradu-
ated with the class of 1877.

Though by nature well adapted for the med-
ical profession, yet a business life seemed more
attractive lo Air. Chapman; at least it offered a
better outlook for getting on in the world. We

536

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

therefore soon find him closing his Chicago
office and joining his brother Charles at Gales-
burg, 111., and engaging in the publishing busi-
ness. This enterprise proved successful, and
with his brother he was soon able to return to
Chicago and start a publishing house. Pros-
perity attended this enterprise and the business
grew until Chapman Brothers (as the firm was
known) erected their own building and owned
a large printing plant. For a dozen years the
firm of Chapman Brothers did an extensive
and prosperous printing and pubHshing busi-
ness, at the same time erecting several large
buildings in Chicago. The firm invested heavily
in hotel enterprises during the World's Fair
held in that city, and, as is well known, the
financial panic of 1893 crippled the great fair
and likewise every enterprise in any way de-
pendent upon it.

On the 2d of December, 1894, Mr. Chapman
landed with his family in California, taking up
his residence in Los Angeles. Here he lived
for a year, when he came to the Palmetto ranch
at Covina. Since taking up his residence here
he has been identified with almost every local
enterprise inaugurated by its people, and is re-
garded as one of the substantial and highly re-
spected citizens of the community.

Mr. Chapman was united in marriage with
Miss Wilhelmina Zillen in 1886. To them have
been born four children: Frank M., Jr., born
July 17, 1888; Grant, June 11, 1891; Grace, Oc-
tober 18, 1895; and Clarke, February 21, 1898.
Mrs. Chapman was born in Friedrichstadt,
Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, July 2, 1861. She
is the daughter of Wilhelm Ferdinand and
Louise (Fencke) Zillen, and came with her
father to the United States in 1866.

Politically Mr. Chapman has been a life-long
Republican, and has taken more or less active
])art in politics. He has been sent as a delegate
to various county and state conventions, and
was elected to represent the twenty-fifth ward
in the Chicago city council.

San Dimas and settled on the ranch he now
owns and cultivates. He was one of the prime
movers in organizing the Artesian Belt Water
Company, in which he is now a director.

WILLIAM D. ELLIS. .The -history of the
dwellers of the San Gabriel valley would be in-
complete without mention of William D. Ellis,
who, although not one of the old residents of
the locality, is one of the best-known and most
influential. He owns a ranch one mile west of
San Dimas, consisting of thirty acres, devoted
principally to orange culture. On this place he
has made his home since i8g6, meantime giv-
ing his attention closely to its improvement.

The year 1883 foimd Mr. Ellis in Pomona,
Cal., which at that time was a mere hamlet,
with a few scattered houses here and there and
with no noticeable prospects for the future. He
was one of the pioneers to whom the city owed
its first start and the fact that it is now in so
nourishing a condition. In 1896 he moved to

GEORGE H. WATERS. While much of
the fruit raised in California is shipped to the
market in its fresh state, it has been found im-
possible to get the entire products to the dis-
tant points of shipment before the process of
decay begins. Hence, the canning and drying
of fruit has become one of the most important
industries of the state. It is this occupation
which Mr. Waters successfully follows. He is
the principal member of the firm of G. H.
Waters & Co., of Pomona, who have made a
specialty of the following brands of canned
goods: Orange Blossom, Mocking Bird, Chrys-
anthemum and California Poppy. In addition
to these brands, which are their leaders, they
have nine other brands on the market, most of
their product being sold in eastern cities. Dur-
ing the busy canning season they furnish em-
ployment to about four hundred hands, which
makes their industry one of the largest of its
kind in all of this fruit-growing region.

JOHN ROWLAND, a pioneer of Los An-
geles county, was born in Maryland, and in early
manhood settled in New Mexico, where, as a
partner of William Workman, he engaged in
mining at Taos. In 1841 he and his partner set
out for California, in company with John Tete,
Santiago Martinez, Thomas Belarde and others.
The next year they returned to Taos for their
families. On coming to California the second
time they were accompanied by B. D. Wilson,
D. W. Alexander, John Reed. William Perdue
and Samuel Carpenter, all of whom became resi-
dents of Los Angeles county. Rowland &
Workman obtained a grant of La Puente
rancho, comprising forty-eight thousand acres,
and there they settled and spent the balance of
their lives.

In 1869 Messrs. Rowland and Workman di-
vided their rancho and about a year afterward
Mr. Rowland settled up his estate and divided
the ranch among his heirs, giving to each about
three thousand acres of land and one thousand
head of cattle. His last years were spent on the
ranch, and he died at the old homestead, Oc-
tober 14, 1873, aged eighty-two years.

CHARLES J. VERNON is associated with
some of the enterprises that are contributing to
the prosperity and progress of Whittier. Com-
ing to this place as early as 1887, he was a pio-
neer in the establishment of new industries in
the then new village and erected the second
store building that was put up here. Forming
a partnershi]j with his l>rother, W. A., under
the firm name of W-raon Brothers, he embarked

■jc>...^X.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

539

in a general mercantile business, and the part-
nership continued actively until 1891. Mean-
time, in 1888, he established the Whittier can-
ner3% and organized the company having charge
of the plant, he himself being chosen secretary
of this company. After three years in the office
of secretary, in 1891 he was made manager of
the plant. In 1893 the name was changed from
its corporate title of Whittier Canning Company
to the Whittier Cannery, under which title busi-
ness was transacted until 1900, wlien it became
a part of the California Fruit Canners' Associa-
tion. At the time the name was changed he
was made manager of the new concern, and
from 1893 to 1900 he served as manager of the
Whittier Cannery. During the latter year he
was given a similar position with the California
Fruit Canners' Association. Lender his able su-
pervision the canning business grew from an
output of eleven hundred cans the first year to
about one million and five hundred thousand
cans in 1899, constituting three hundred and
seventy-five car loads of canned goods. During
the busy season employment is furnished to
about six hundred hands.

G. B. TAYLOR. A native of Huntsville, Ala.,
Mr. Taylor was fourteen years of age when he
accompanied his father, John E., from that point
to East Tennessee. Near Chattanooga, that
state, on the 4th of July, 1846, he married Miss
Nancy A. Donohue, who was born in Monroe
county, Tenn., her father, Charles, having come
there in an early day from his birthplace near
Rockbridge, Va. Her grandfather, Capt. James
Donohue, a native of Ireland and a captain in
the Revolutionary war, belonged to that class
of pioneers and Indian fighters to whose forti-
tude and dauntless courage the development of
our country is due. In the -development of his
plantation in Monroe county success came to
Charles Donohue. Large crops rewarded his
painstaking industry and wise judgment, and in
1844 he raised the largest quantity of produce
of any planter in Tennessee. As the years passed
by he accumulated thousands of acres of land
and hundreds of slaves. His cattle "fed upon a
thousand hills." He counted his possessions in
land and stock almost as far as his eye could
scan from his comfortable plantation house.
Politics, too, engaged his attention, and he was
a prominent Democratic leader. During Indian
fights he served as major. Though himself a
man of peaceable disposition, yet the destruc-
tion of property by the savages and the murder
of helpless women and children roused his in-
stant wrath, and he left no stone unturned to rid
the neighborhood of these miscreants. To his
attractive southern home came prominent men
from all sections, who were glad to accept his
hospitality and to consult with him concerning
measures of moment. Possessing the hospitable

disposition that is pre-eminently a southern trait,
his latchstring always hung on the outside, and
there was a glad welcome for everyone, whether
stranger or friend, whether rich or poor. His
life was not prolonged to old age, but ended
when his daughter, Nannie, was eleven years of
age. His wife, Margaret, who was born in Rock-
bridge, Va., and died in Tennessee, was a daugh-
ter of Capt. Joseph Ware, an ofificer in the Revo-
lutionary war and a pioneer settler of Monroe
county, Tenn.

In a family of twelve children, ten of whom
attained maturity and two are living, Mrs. Tay-
lor was the youngest and the only one to settle
on the Pacific coast. She was born May 11,
1831, and in childhood attended female semi-
naries at Athens, Madisonville and Cleveland,
remaining in school until her marriage to Mr.
Taylor, who was at the time a resident of Hamil-
ton county, Tenn., near Lookout mountain.
After a short time there and a year in Dekalb
county, in 1850 they settled in Cook county,
Tex., but suffering from fever there they soon
removed to San Antonio. In 1852 they started
for California, coming by the Nicaragua route.
After two years in Sonora thev went to what is
now Merced county and settled upon a large
stock farm, later removing to Tulare county
and thence to San Luis Obispo, where they en-
gaged very successfully in cattle and sheep-
ranching for eleven years. In 1870 Mr. Taylor
moved his stock through Ventura county to
Rock Creek, Los Angeles county, but the fol-
lowing year took the herds and flocks to Ven-
tura county and purchased the Canon Diablo
grant, comprising nine thousand five hundred
and twenty-two acres, with six miles of coast
frontage and containing over six hundred acres
of tillable land. Here he found fine grazing for
the stock and was enabled to successfully prose-
cute the business of a stockman. The ranch is
as fine as can be found in the county and con-
tains improvements that greatly enhance its
value, besides having dejjosits of asphaltum of
superior quality. On this place Mr. Taylor died
January i, 1897, and the following year the
sheep and cattle were sold, since which time
Mrs. Taylor has rented the ranch and made her
home in Ventura. Among her property inter-
ests is one-half ownership in the Collins & Tay-
lor block, the largest and finest business build-
ing in the city, and in addition she o.wns other
property. She is the mother of three cliildren,
of whom the daughter, Mrs. Alice Grubb, resides
in Carpinteria, wliile the sons, Charles and Ed-
ward, are in Ventura.

During the long pericKl of Mrs. Taylor's resi-
dence in California she has witnessed remark-
able changes. A half century has passed since
the vessel on which she sailed cast anchor at
the Golden Gate. Few of the pioneers of early
tlays remain tf) enjoy the prosperity of the pres-

540

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ent, and those few find a source of enjoyment
in meetings of the California Pioneers' Society.
Mrs. Tavlor is identified with this association
and interested in its work. Though many years
have elapsed since she left the home of her
youth, she shows the effects of southern train-
ing and ancestry. Intensely devoted to the coun-
try of her forefathers, she takes a just pride in
the hospitality, the chivalry, warm-hearted kind-
ness and culture that gives the southerner_ pres-
tige throughout the world and makes a visit to a
typical southern home an event never to be
forgotten.

REV. EDWARD P. GRIFFITH. Occupy-
ing a conspicuous position among the Roman
Catholic priests m Southern California is Father
Griffith, who, in December, 1899, received the
appointment of rector of St. Boniface Church in
Anaheim, St. Joseph's Church in Santa Ana and
St. Anthony's Church in Yorba, since which
time he has devoted his attention closely to the
oversight of these three charges, maintaining
his residence in Anaheim. The churches are
doing excellent work and have the usual sodali-
ties and otlier organizations, including St. Boni-
face Association at Anaheim and St. Joseph's
Society at Santa Ana. In addition, there is an
orphan asylum for boys at Anaheim, which has
about two hundred boys, under the oversight
of fourteen Dominican sisters. A large academv
and dormitory have been erected to provide for
the physical comfort and the mental training of
the lads, who are being reared under the most
painstaking supervision and with every effort to
prepare them for life's activities.

In Clare-Morris, County Mayo, Ireland,
Father Griffith was born November 29, 1866,
a son of Martin and Ann (Noone) Griffith, also
natives of Mayo and still residents of that
county. The motlier is a daughter of Michael
Xoone, a farmer, and the father was both a
farmer and a merchant, and for a time acted as
superintendent of the county poor farm. The
national schools at Clare-Morris furnished Ed-
ward P. Griffith the rudiments of his education.
At an early age he displayed unusual mental
gifts and it was therefore decided to give him
special advantages. For five years he was a
student in St. Jarlath's College in Galloway, Ire-
land, where he completed the classical course,
and then for four years he studied philosophy
and theology in Maynooth's College in County
Kildare. He was ordained to the priesthood of
the Roman Catholic Church in Dublin, Ireland,
at All Hallow's College, by Rt.-Rev. Bishop
Donnelley, and was at once assigned to the Los
-Angeles diocese.

After coming to the United States Father
Griffith was for a year assistant pastor of the
San Bernardino Church and later filled a similar
position in San Luis Obispo for a year. Next

he was transferred to the Church of the Nativity
of the Blessed Virgin at Msalia, where he re-
mained as assistant pastor for two years and as
pastor for another two years, meantime also
ministering to St. Luis' Church in Tulare. From
there he came to his present charges, in the
oversight of which his time is fully occupied.

HOMER W JUDSON, a successful horti-
culturist and walnut grower, and president of the
Los Nietos and Ranchito Walnut Growers' As-
sociation, IS a native of Bristol, Elkhart county,
Ind., where he was born May 2, 1848. His par-
ents, Lemon and Pliilena (Bacon) Judson, were
natives of Vermont. In 1856 the family moved
from Indiana to California and cast their lot
with the very early settlers of Sonoma county,
and engaged in farming and stock-raising.
Here Homer \Y. was reared on his father's
farm, and educated in the public schools of the
county. In the fall of 1875 he left Northern
California for what is now called Orange
county, and settled at Tustin, where he lived
until 1887, busily engaged in growing oranges
and apricots. He soon after moved to Los An-
geles county, on the ranch which is at present
his home. Of the one hundred and forty acres,
about one hundred acres are under English
walnuts. Mr. Judson takes great pride in his
well-developed ranch, and is entitled to vast
credit for the perfection of its management.

Mr. Judson married Martha Stanley, of So-
noma county, Cal., and of this union there were
seven children, six of whom are living. In po-
litical matters Mr. Judson is a Republican, and
has been identified with many of the enterprises
for the improvement of his town and county.
Greatly interested in education, he has served
for several terms as a member of the school
board and as trustee of the Pico school district.
He is also a director of the Los Nietos Irrigat-
ing Company, and secretary' and treasurer as
well as director of the Rincon Irrigation Com-
pany.

DEWITT L. DAVENPORT. Since Febru-
ary, 1886, Mr. Davenport has been a resident
of Pomona. Arriving here, he bought land and
set out an orange grove. The following year his
family joined him. During the years that have
since passed he has gained a thorough knowl-
edge of the raising of fruit, particularly oranges
(his specialty), and it is said that no one in the
entire county is more successful in this industn-
than he. His first purchase consisted of two
tracts of land, one of which is now owned bv
Alexander Moncrieff. and the other is owned
by H. B. Hottel and S. W. .\rbuthnot. Later he
bought some land at Cucamonga, which he after-
ward traded for his jiresent property, and an-
other piece (jf ])n)perty near hv. The latter he
gave, as jjart payment, to Mr. Joy for his

ni''''"i"^i^immmmiinmi".

pHIf

1 i^te^*^

ikiij, 1

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

545

Glendora ranch, and this property he sold a year
after its purchase to C. C. Warren. In 1892 he
bought a sixty-acre ranch in San Diego county,
on whicli he set out forty acres to olives, peaches
and prunes. This property he has since sold.
In 1897 he bought from J. C. Callicott a nine-
acre ranch on the Kingsley tract, near his home
place. He now owns and cultivates fifty-five
acres of orange land, all bearing. The success
he has had in orange-growing has made him
an authority on the subject in his locality. He
believes four watchwords must be observed in
raising oranges, "fertilization, cultivation, irri-
gation and fumigation," and without due observ-
ance of each of these no one can hope to suc-
ceed. It is one of his theories that no pruning
should be done, but that the limbs should be
allowed to grow naturally, as the tree is kept
warmer in winter when the limbs hang over
and touch the ground, and a hard wind does
less damage to fruit and tree, also the top then
represents a larger bearing surface (this princi-
ple has special reference to the Washington
navel orange). Once in three years he fumi-
gates his orchard by the tent and cyanide proc-
ess. Every detail of the business is given the
closest attention, and it is to this fact that his
success may be attributed.

MRS. SARAH M. COOL. Side by side with
the brave and ambitious men who came to Cali-
fornia in the early days, most patiently endured
the perils and hardships of the overland trail,
and cast their lot amid the discomforts and
vague possibilities of the Pacific coast, are the
women who accompanied them hither to stand
as sentinels of encouragement on their desolate
hearthstones, and mingle their hope and zeal
and sympathy with the intoxicating sunlight and
balmy air of the land of their golden dreams.
Whether as matrons or children they faced the
vastness of the plains, wonderingly awaiting the
happenings of each succeeding dawn, with its
possibility of storm and flood and disease, and
the approach of murderous Indian faces or
beasts of prey, there was instilled into their
minds and hearts a largeness of purpose and an
unflinching devotion without which the present
civilization of California had never been accom-
plished. Of all who have experienced the vicis-
situdes of the almost primeval conditions and
are now spending their days amid the fulfilled
expectations of Los Angeles, none is more
worthily enshrined in the hearts of the people
than is Airs. Sarah M. Cool, widow of Rev. P.
Y. Cool, one of the pioneer Methodist Episcopal
clergj'men of this state.

A native of Cleveland, Ohio, Mrs. Cool was.
before her marriage, Sarah M. Aram, whose
most remote ancestors are first heard of in
England, in which country the paternal great-

grandfather, Joseph, was born and eventually
died. Eugene Aram, whose rueful and tragic
life Bulwer Lytton illuminated with the touch
of his genius, yet who is by many supposed to
have been a creation of the novelist's brain,
lived in reality, and was a great-great uncle of
Mrs. Cool. The paternal grandfather, Mathias,
was also born in Yorkshire, the birthplace of
his father, and he was thrice drafted for military
ser\dce in the wars between France and Eng-
land, but found a substitute for his service. In
1 806 he brought his family to Geneva, N. Y.,
where he lived on a farm, and where he left his
plow in other hands to shoulder a musket in
the war of 1812. He was a member of the
Methodist church, and New York continued to
be his place of residence up to the time of his
death.

Capt. Joseph Aram, the father of Mrs. Cool,
was born in Geneva, N. Y., and when old
enough to shoulder responsibility became a
dairyman in the vicinity of Cleveland. Owing
to precarious health he decided to tr\- his for-
tunes in the west, but at the time of setting out
with his family had little thought of ever reach-
ing California. Rather he headed towards Ore-
gon, starting in May of 1846 with an ox-train
and numerous other emigrants, this being the
first wagon train to cross the plains. At Green
river they met Kit Carson, who persuaded them
to go to California on account of the delightful
climate. For a time they traveled with theparty
of which Mr. Donner was a member, and which
met such a sad fate at what is now known as
Donner's lake. Their immunity from a similar
death was owing to the fact that they followed
Mr. Carson's advice and got "The Truckee
Guide," an old and reliable Indian, to take them
through before the severe storms set in. The
party remaining behind died of exposure and
lack of food, but the old Indian with his wise
knowledge of the country hurried them over the
mountains to safety. Arriving at Fort Sutter
in October of 1846 the party met General Fre-
mont, who was in search of able-bodied men,
and Mr. Aram enlisted as captain and was de-
tailed to take the party to Santa Clara. He
afterwards continued to serve under Fremont
until the close of the Mexican war, and the
sword which he wielded so bravely in the ser-
vice is now one of the treasured possessions of
his daughter, Mrs. Cool. In the spring of 1847
Mr. Aram took his family to Santa Cruz, going
almost immediately to j\ionterey, then the cap-
ital of California. He became a man of influ-
ence and force m the early administration of
California, and was a member of the first con-
stitutional convention that met in Colton hall
and framed the first laws of the state. He was
also a member of the first state legislature. In
1849 he moved with his family to San Jose.
where he carried on extensive nursery opera-

546

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

tions until his retirement from active life, and
where his deatli occurred in March of 1898, at
the age of nearly eighty-eight years. For many
years he was a member of the city council of
San Jose, and was one of the chief promoters of
the welfare of his locality. Up to the end of his
life he retained possession of his splendid facul-
ties, and was as deeply interested in the political
and other undertakings of the state as when he
first sat among the framers of its laws. His
many fine traits of character drew to him dis-
tinguished friendships, for he had an intimate
knowledge of Fremont, and was more than a
passing friend of the great silent soldier. Gen-
eral Grant.

On the maternal side Mrs. Cool is descended
from the Wrights of New England, who in turn
claimed kinship with the Huguenots of France.
Her mother, formerly Sarah Ann Wright, was
born in Rutland, Vt., as was also her paternal
grandfather, Edwin. Mrs. Aram stood the
hardships of the journey over the plains with
wonderful fortitude. When the party arrived
at Santa Clara the emigrants w^ere taken ill
with camp fever, a species of typhoid, and nearly
every family lost a member. The disease was
so prevalent that there w^ere not eiaough well
ones to take care of the invalids. At that time
Mrs. Aram lost a little son, George, who was
but ten years of age, and this left four other
children, viz.: Sarah M.; Jennie, who is now
deceased, and who married Mr. Pomeroy, for-
merly of San Jose, but now of Los Angeles:
Mattie, who died in San Jose; and Hon. Eugene
Aram, who is a prominent attorney of Sacra-
mento, and an ex-member of the state legisla-
ture.

Mrs. Cool was but a child when the family
fortunes were shifted to the west, and she was
reared and educated in San Jose, her first
teacher at school being Rev. Mr. Willie, who
is still living in Benicia, Cal. She also received
instruction from her mother, and for a time had
a private tutor. She retains vivid impressions
of the early days of San Jose, and says that the
Indians were kind to them, as were also the
Spanish women, but that the men were treach-
erous and not to be depended on. In fact, the
English consul, Mr. Forbes, informed them of
a deep laid plot to massacre them, a plot which
was fortunately discovered in time for frustra-
tion.

The marriage of Miss Aram and Rev. P.
Y. Cool occurred in San Jose, August 28, 1855.
Mr. Cool was born in Cayuga, N. Y., of re-
mote German ancestry, was educated at Auburn
College, and came to California in 1850, via
Panama. For a time he engaged in mining, but
eventually turned his attention to teaching in
lone City, and in 1853 was ordained in the
Methodist Episcopal church, .\ftcr his mar-
riage he continued to preach in the Old Con-

ference in Northern California for twenty-one
years, between 1853 and 1874. He was the or-
ganizer of the Methodist Episcopal Church at
Santa Barbara in 1868, and built' the first house
of worship in the place, also built churches all
over the state. After the Santa Barbara charge
he was presiding elder for the Santa 13arbara
district, and in 1874 came to Los Angeles as
pastor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church
to succeed Rev. Mr. Hough, which position he
held for a year. This church was then located
where the old Fourth Street Methodist Church
now is. Mr. Cool was afterward pastor of the
church at San Diego for a year, and for the
same length of time served the church at Comp-
lon, after which he retired from the ministry,
but often supplied temporarily vacant pulpits.
He was a man of broad education and liberal
tendencies, and an emphatic supporter of edu-
cational institutions in the state. One of his
chief responsibilities was the University of
Southern California, of which he was a founder,
also a member of the board of trustees up to the
time of his death, November 6, 1882. He was a
stanch Republican, and held many offices of
trust in the county, and served for a term as
superintendent of education in Santa Cruz
county. In political affiliation he was a Mason.
Mr. Cool devoted his life to the cause of the
oppressed and suffering, and his utterances and
example were based on broad and humanitarian
lines, far removed from cant and perplexing
vagueness. The good that he accomplished in
California can hardly be estimated, and was lim-
ited only by the length of years accorded him
for work in his chosen vineyard.

Since the death of her husband Mrs. Cool has
lived in the university part of the city, where
she has purchased the southwest corner of Jef-
ferson and Wesley streets and erected the larg-
est block in the addition. This building is two
stories high, and in ground dimensions is 6ox
100 feet. The city contains no more enthusiastic
advocate of higher education, and the Univer-
sity of Southern California has continued to be
her special pride, and the object of her greatest
and most practical solicitude. Financially and
otherwise she has contributed towards the suc-
cess of this model institution. However, this
represents but one of her many w-orthy interests.
She is active in promoting the welfare of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a member
of the executive board of the Woman's Foreign
Missionary Society, and of the Eastern Star.
Politically she is a Republican, and is a firm
believer in the suffragist platform for women.
She is one of the substantial, moral and intel-
lectual agencies in this city of gifted women and
large ciul) and humanitarian enterprises, and
many friends have risen up to appreciate and
rejoice in her manifold gracious personal at-
tributes.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

547

WILLIAM FRANCIS EDGAR, M. D.
After having graduated from tlie medical de-
partment of the University of Louisville, Dr.
Edgar was commissioned assistant surgeon in
the regular army March 2, 1849. Soon after-
ward he accompanied a regiment of mounted
titles across the plains, and assisted in gar-
risoning a military post in the heart of the Sho-
shone Indian country. Afterward he was sta-
tioned at The Dalles for a year, and thence
came to California. In the spring of 1852 his
command was ordered into the Yosemite val-
ley to punish the Indians who had massacred a
party of miners. In 1854 he was ordered to
Fort Redding, and later assisted in establish-
ing Fort Tejon. One night, while answering
a summons to assist a wounded man at the fort,
his horse fell and he was severely injured, being
imable to walk or speak for four months. As
soon as able to travel, he was sent east on a
furlough, and at the expiration of his leave of
absence reported at Jefiferson Barracks. With
the Second Cavalry he was ordered to Texas
and thence to Florida, later taking some invalid
soldiers to New York. In 1857 he returned to-
Fort Miller, whence he accompanied troops to
quiet Indians in Oregon. After being stationed
at the F'residio in San P'rancisco and at Benicia
for a time, he was ordered, in 1858, to join an
expedition from Los Angeles to the Colorado
river, against the Mojave Indians. This was his
first visit to Los Angeles and the first night here
lie slept at the Bella Union hotel, which was
then a two-story adobe.

llie expedition proceeded, via Cajon Pass, to
the Colorado, where it subdued and punished
Indians who had massacred whites, and then
returned to Cajon Pass. Later a much larger
expedition was organized by the same and other
officers and marched to the Mojave country.
To this force the Indians surrendered and a
treaty of peace was made. Part of the com-
mand remained to garrison Fort Mojave and
the other part returned to Los Angeles county,
the officers of the command camping at Comp-
ton. Dr. Edgar was ordered to San Diego,
where he remained until November, 1861, and
then, with the balance of the regular troops of
the coast, was ordered east to participate in the
Civil war. He was for some time with the
army of the Potomac and was promoted to sur-
geon (with the rank of major) in Bucll's arniv
in Kentucky, where he organized a large gen-
eral hospital in Louisville.

Next he was made medical director at Cairo,
III. However, the uncongenial climate caused
■.\ partial return of the paralysis and rendered
him unfit for duty. He was' ordered before a
retiring board at Washington, D. C, and on
examination was retired from active service.
.'\fter recovering from the effects of a surgical
operation lie was assigned to dntv in the medi-

cal directors' office in the department of the
east. During part of the time he was a member
of the board that organized the Signal Corps
in Washington. At the close of the war he
closed up the hospitals of his department. He
was then ordered to return to California and in
1866 was stationed at Drum Barracks, Los An-
geles county, where he remained for three years.
Failing health obliged him to seek a furlough
and for a year he rested. During that time (in
January, 1870) Congress passed a law which
provided that officers retired from active service
should be relieved from all duty. The passage
of this law placed him on the retired list. He
remained on his ranch at San Gorgonio for
some years and then came to Los Angeles,
where he engaged in the practice of his profes-
sion. In 188 1 he sold a portion of his ranch
and in 1886 disposed of the remainder, after
having owned it since 1859. The ranch was first
owned by the well-known trapper, Pauline
Weaver, of pioneer fame.

In March, 1866, Dr. Edgar married Miss
Catharine Laura Kennefer, of New York, who
survives him, making her home in Los An-
geles. Dr. Edgar spent his last vear retired
from the active duties that had filled 'his younger
years, and enjoying that rest from professional
and business cares which he so richly deserved.
He died August 23, 1897, mourned by the host
of friends who honored and admired him for
his high ideals, his genial disposition, broad
knowledge and his varied intellectual attain-
ments.

W. S. COLLINS. A native of the vicinity of
Connersville, Fayette county, Ind., Mr. Collins
was born November 17, 1863. He came to Riv-
erside m 1889, and purchased a ranch which he
set out in oranges. The real-estate business
held out superior inducements which were read-
ily taken advantage of, and he was also inter-
ested in loans on an extensive scale. He pur-
chased property in different parts of the town
and erected many residences, perhaps fifty in all,
which have been sold to purchasers. Aside from
his ranch, which is a fine orange property, he has
set out about a hundred acres in oranges. In the
spring of 1901 he built a home on the corner
of East Seventh street and Comer avenue. The
majority of the building has been the result of
th.e organization, in iipo, of the Real Estate,
Loan and Building Company, of which Mr. Col-
lins has since been manager. To a large extent
he is interested in mining in Nevada and Colo-
rado.

The oil industry lias (urnishol an added re-
sjionsibility for Mr. Collins, and he is substan-
tially involved in its development. As one of the
liromoters of the Grand Central Development
Oil Company, and as secretary of the same, he
has been instrumental in bringing about splen-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

did results. At one time he individually owned
the property of the Aladdin Oil Company, of
v.hich he is the incorporator, and now the presi-
dent, and which is being rapidly pushed and de-
veloped. He is also a promoter and the vice-
president and manager of the Kern Oil De-
veloping Company. The Kern Western Oil
Company is also due to his promotion and or-
ganization, and he owns eighty acres of land in
the middle of the district, which is at present
in process of development with bright prospects.
The manifold interests of Mr. Collins e.xtend
to various kinds of manufacture, and he is gen-
eral manager of the Western Duryea IManufac-
turing Company, which turns out automobiles
and motive power, the headquarters of the com-
pany being located at Los Angeles. Also he is
president of the Bennett Smokeless Furnace
Company, the works of which are in Detroit,
Mich., and the headquarters at Los Angeles.

nient from the senate he filled no political office
until July, 1899, when he was appointed post-
master of Pomona for a period of four years.

HON. S. N. ANDROUS. During his early
life Mr. Androus was a business man of Flint
and Detroit, Mich., and he was also a soldier in
ihe Union army during the entire period of the
Civil war, rising to the rank of major. Closing
out his mterests in ^Iichigan in 1886, he came
to California and has since made Pomona his
home. He is the owner of an orange orchard
comprising thirty acres, north of Pomona. The
oranges on tliis place are of a fine variety. The
trees were planted by him and he had personallv
superintended their care and development. The
place attracts the attention of visitors, and its
w-ell-kept appearance indicates the thrift of its
owner. The house is of the Spanish type of
architecture that is so admirably adapted to this
section of the country.

Besides the management of his horticultural
interests, Mr. Androus has other important in-
terests. For several years he was vice-president
of the People's Bank of Pomona. Interested in
everything pertaining to education, his service
of four years as a member of the Pomona board
of education has been helpful to the public-
school interests. The Republican party receives
his stanch support and its candidates his vote.
He has been honored by his party in election to
)30sitions of trust and responsibility. In 1892
he w-as elected to represent his district in the
state assembly and his service was so satisfac-
tory that two years later, on the expiration of
his term, he was chosen to serve in the state
senate. Believing a public office to be a public
trust, during his incumbency of these positions
he devoted his attention to the faithful discharge
of his duties. His keen intuition, sound judg-
ment and broad knowledge made him a power
in the halls of legislature. His record was that
of an able legislator, and during his term of
service he gained the confidence of the people
to an extent seldom surpassed. .After his retire-

S. O. HOUGHTON w-as born and reared in
New York City. At the age of eighteen he en-
listed in the First Regiment of New York \^ol-
unteers, commanded by Col. J. D. Stevenson,
which was mustered into the service of the
United States in Jul), 1846, for the war with
Mexico. He came with his regiment around
Cape Horn, and after a six months' voyage ar-
rived in San Francisco, March 26, 1847. Soon
afterward he accompanied the detachment of
his regiment, commanded by Lieut.-Col. H. S.
Burton, to Mexico and there participated in nu-
merous conflicts with Alexican troops. In De-
cember, 1847, w'hen in his twentieth year, he was
promoted to a lieutenancy, having gone through
all the intermediate grades, and was made adju-
tant of his command. At the close of the Mex-
ican war he returned to California, arriving here
in October, 1848. Shortly thereafter he went
to the gold mines and remained about one year.
;nining, trading and transporting provisions and
supplies for the miners. He had received a com-
mercial education and was thoroughly conver-
sant with the French and Spanish languages, and
this training proved of great value to him in the
early years of the American occupation of Cali-
fornia. Fie was one of a party of four who were
the first to dig gold in the famous mining dis-
trict of Sonora. in this state. In 1849 he settled
at San Jose, w^here he remained until 1886, and
then removed to Los Angeles, his present home.

In 1852 j\Ir. Houghton took the official census
of Santa Clara county, in 1852-53 was deputy
recorder, and in 1853-54 served in the citv
council of San Jose, over which body he pre-
sided. He w-as clerk of a senate committee of
ihe first legislature of California and in 1854
served as deputy clerk of the state supreme
court. In 1854 he was deputy tax collector, and
in 1855-56 held office as mayor of San Jose.
For five years he served as a volunteer fire-
man of his city. Fie organized the Eagle
Guards, one of the first independent military
companies in the state. He was ordnance offi-
cer on the stafiE of Major-Genera! Halleck, and
during the period between 1857 and 1866 held
seven military commissions. During the war of
the Rebelli(jn he drilled a company of infantry
and another of light artillery for active service
in the army.

In 1857 Mr. Houghton was admitted to the
bar, and for a number of years made a spe-
cialty of settling titles to old Spanish land
grants before the I'nited States courts. In the
Forty-second Congress of the United States he
represented the then first district of California,
and in the I'orty-third Congress lie re()resented
the fourth district. While congressman he sc-

*-^^r^Ay^,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

551

cured a liberal appropriation for the inner har-
bor at San Pedro and work on the same was
then begun.

During the administration of President Ar-
thur he was appointed a member of the com-
mission to investigate and report upon the con-
dition and management of the United States
mint at San Francisco, his associates on the
commission being ex-United States Senator
and ex-Secretary of War Ramsay, of Minnesota,
and ex-Governor Young, of Ohio.

NICHOLAS LINDENFELD, M. D. One
of the most gifted of the sons of Germany whose
weahh of adaptabihty absorbed and utihzed the
opportunities of the early days of California,
and whose superiority touched into brightness
and success various avenues of activity, the most
momentous of which was the profession of law,
was Nicholas Lindenfeld, or Dr. Lindenfeld as
he was commonly known. Descended from an-
cestors who cherished national tradition and
devotion to that exalted culture of which the
Teutonic mind is capable, he was born near
Dieburg, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, January
17, 1843, and was educated at Mainz and the
university at Giessen. From the latter seat of
learning he secured a medical diploma, and,
aside from a regular classical and scientific
course, perfected himself in geology and miner-
alogy. Thus equipped with unusual mental
training, he sought a fitting field of effort, and
upon locating in Rochester, N. Y., at the close
of the Civil war, built up a successful and ap-
preciative medical practice.

Ambitious of the best possible in his environ-
ment. Dr. Lindenfeld came to California in 1875,
and from the very first seemed to realize the
future greatness of Los Angeles. So keen were
his perceptions and so accurate his estimates
that at the present time many recall prophecies
that then seemed vague and barely possible.
For a time he applied his knowledge of geology
and mineralogy m the mines of the county, and
was so impressed with the prospects of Colo-
rado that he repaired hence in 1880, intending
to make that his permanent home. During the
great boom at Leadville he was one of the first
on the scene, and he afterwards as enthusiastic-
ally tried to wrest a fortune from the hidden
stores near Pueblo. After two years of mining
in Colorado his experience did not justify con-
tinued residence in the state, and he therefore
returned to CaHfornia and became superintend-
ent of the Kelsey mine at San Gabriel, .^fter
some years of varied success and failure he
opened an ofifice in the Temple block and de-
voted himself to real estate and insurance, and
was also a notary. In the mean time he spent
his leisure moments in studying law with F. K.
Howard, and after being admitted to the bar in
1883 began to practice law with Judge Taney,

with whom he remained until 1888. He then
became a partner of Enoch Pepper, an asso-
ciation amicably continued up to the time of his
death. May 9. 1899. He was one of the most
erudite of the counselors in law who have main-
tained the legal prestige of this city, and he had
a large clientage among the prominent and
wealthy members of the community. He at-
tended to all of the legal business of the German
consul at San Francisco, and many large corpo-
rations enlisted his services in adjusting their
ditTerences. He was particularly modest and
conservative, and those who appealed to him
felt instinctively that their case rested in safe
and reliable hands. Nor did he ever disappoint
their expectations.

So expansive a nature as that possessed by
Dr. Lindenfeld must needs reach out and touch
the many interests by which he was surrounded,
and he therefore was responsible for the success
of many enterprises and for the development of
many resources. He seemed to grasp the needs
of those who, like himself, were struggling for
the best the world contained, and he felt the
limitations of many who had been less fortunate
and successful. To those who desired land and
were yet unable to meet a single heavy outlay
he came as a discerning and helpful friend, and
was the first in the city to lay out lots to be
purchased on the installment plan. He laid out
the Pioneer building lots in East Los Angeles,
and was one of the promoters of the Pioneer
-Association. Politically a Republican, he was
active in local and state matters from the first of
his residence in the west, was a delegate to many
conventions, and served on many committees.
Fraternally he was associated with the Knights
of the Maccabees, and he was for many years a
member of the Chamber of Commerce. He
lived verj' near to the heart of nature, and to
him the mountains and mines and sunsets and
plains were eloquent with interest, and told a
story all their own. With a keen and trained
eye for the why and wherefore of things, he
discerned beauty and utility where others saw
but the commonplace and uninteresting. He
was the soul of honor, and the highest type of
the universal gentleman.

In Rochester. N. Y., Dr. Lindenfeld married
Catherine Baker, November 6, 1866. Mrs. Lin-
denfeld was reared in Rochester, and is a daugh-
ter of Frank Raker, who immigrated from
France when a young man and settled in New
York, where he engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness until his death in 1867. In his native land
he had been a linen weaver. The mother of
Mrs. Lindenfeld was formerly Johanna Larson,
who was born near Sarlouis, Prussia, a daughter
of Daniel William Larson, who was one of the
first settlers of Rochester, N. Y. Mrs. Baker,
who died in New York March 4. 1865, was the
mother of two children, and of these, John

552

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Baker is in the employ of the New York Central
Railroad Company and lives in Rochester. Nine
children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Lindenfeld:
Harriett M., who is a graduate of the normal
school and her father's former assistant, and is
now in the ofifice of the recorder of Los Angeles
county; Charles N., who is a resident of New
York City and a graduate of the JNIanhattan
College and of the Columbia Law School;
George J., who is an attorney and is in the
Philippine Islands; William J., who is mining
in Arizona; Emma, who is now Mrs. Pingree,
of Los Angeles; Caroline F., Lillian A., Hor-
tense A., and Marie A., at home. The Linden-
feld home in Los Angeles, on South Hope
street, is one of the delightful and hospitable
places of the city, and there the most gracious
tact and good-fellowship are lavishly dispensed.
The appreciation of culture which was the dis-
tinguishing characteristic of Dr. Lindenfeld dur-
ing his capable and well-directed life has been
handed down to his sons and daughters, and
was always shared by his wife, who is one of
those broad-minded and sympathetic women
who adorn and improve any community that is
honored by their association.

CALEB E. WHITE. Few of the men now
living in Pomona have been identified with the
history of California for a longer period than
has Mr. White. He was one of the '49ers who
were led to cast in their lot with the then un-
known west at the time of the discovery of gold
here. Since that time he has made his home
in this state. The wonderful improvements that
have brought this state to a foremost position
among the great commonwealths of America he
has witnessed and aided, and he deservedly oc-
cupies a position among the public-spirited pio-
neers to whose self-sacrificing efforts the organ-
ization and development of the state may be at-
tributed. When nineteen years of age he started
for California, being one of a party of fifteen
who purchased the brig Arcadia, and sailed from
Boston to San Francisco via the straits of Ma-
gellan. After a tedious voyage of two hundred
and sixty-three days, they sailed through the
Golden Gate October 29, 1849.

In 1850 Mr. White embarked in the general
mercantile business in Sacramento, as a mem-
ber of the firm of Haskell, White & Co. How-
ever, this firm was dissolved in a short time.
Subsequently he engaged in the nursery busi-
ness on a ranch on the American river, and also
for seventeen years was a member of the firm
of White & Hollister, in the nursery business.
At a later date he became interested in sheep-
raising, having a sheep ranch at Florence, Los
Angeles county. The year 1880 found him a
pioneer of what is now the city of Pomona. He
was one of the prime movers in securing the
organization of the city, and served as a mem-

ber of its first board of trustees. He has become
one of the well-known horticulturists of the
region. His place consists of seventy acres, of
which sixty acres are in orchard. In addition to
the management of this property, he has for
ten or more years served as vice-president of
the People's Bank of Pomona.

OSCAR MORSE, operator of the Santa Bar-
bara Electric. Gas and Power Company's works,
was born m Nevada county, Cal., April 6, 1864.
His father, Ezra Morse, came from an old New
England family, and was a shoemaker by trade.
In the early '50s he settled in Nevada City,
where he plied his trade, and in 1871 came to
Santa Barbara with the intention of starting a
shop there. His plans, however, miscarried, for
while in San Francisco he contracted typhoid
fever, which terminated fatally two weeks after
his arrival in Santa Barbara. His wife, formerlv
Martha Holt, of Mississippi, and who died in
Santa Barbara in 1891, was the mother of two
children, of whom C)scar Morse is the only sur-
vivor.

When his father removed to Santa Barbara
from Nevada county, Oscar Morse was a lad of
seven years. He attended the public schools of
his adopted city, and received his earliest im-
pressions of life and work from the activities
here represented. In 1873 h^ went back to Ne-
vada county and engaged in teaming for a few
years, and after his return in 1881 remained in
the employ of the old gas works for eighteen
months. He then engaged in ranching, and was
later with the Santa Barbara Water Companv
for two years. In 1889 he became identified with
the Santa Barbara Gas Company, beginning at
the bottom and working his way forward until
he became chief operator of the works. Since
the change of the company to the Santa Bar-
bara Electric, Gas and Power Company he has
had entire charge of the gas plant, and his serv-
ices have met with approval of those who placed
him in his present responsible position. Mr.
Morse is independent in pohtics, and takes an
active interest in city affairs.

HON. DUMMER KIAH TRASK. The
birth of D. K. Trask occurred in Cincinnati,
Ohio, July 17, i860. Soon after the breaking
out of the Rebellion his parents removed to
Maine. There he grew to manhood, attending
the common schools of Jefferson, Me., and the
Nichols' Latin school, and later being graduated
from the Watcrvillc Classical Institute, at the
head of which renowned seat of learning Dr. J.
H. Hanson then stood. For several terms young
Trask engaged in teaching in his home state,
but finally yielded to his growing desire to see
something of the far west, where he believed
greater opportunities for success awaited him.
In 1882 he arrived in Stockton, and, after spend-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

553

ing the summer in the harvest field, and subse-
quent to his successful standing in the teachers'
examination, he was ofl'ered the principalship of
the Linden public schools, where he taught for
a period. He served as a member of the San
Joaquin county board of education.

Thus, well launched in the educational field,
he established the Stockton Business College
and Normal Institute, where he trained and in-
structed large classes of students and over two
hundred teachers. Besides having charge of the
college, he was preparing himself for admission
to the bar. He sold his interests in the college
m order to give his undivided attention to the
profession of his choice. He was admitted to
practice by the supreme court of the state, at
San Francisco, in July, 1890. In the following
September he came tO' Los Angeles, where he
opened an office. Within a short period he
built up a good practice, and was employed in
many important matters. In no measure did his
interest in the cause of education languish, as
was shown when he served on the city school
board in 1893 and 1S94. In 1898 he was ap-
pointed judge of the superior court of Los An-
geles county, and is acting in that capacity at
the present time. In his political affiliations he
is a strong ally of the Democratic party.

BRADNER W. LEE. Born in East Grove-
land, Livingston county, N. Y., in 1850, Mr. Lee
received his education in public schools and by
means of a course of private study. From New
York, in 1871, he went to Mississippi, where he
prepared for the legal profession under the pre-
ceptorship of his uncle, Col. G. Wiley Wells,
then United States district attorney, northern
district of Mississippi, subsequently a member of
Congress from that state, and later United
States Consul-General to Shanghai, China. Mr.
Lee was admitted to tlie bar in that state in
1872, after which he held the position of assist-
ant United States attorney for seven years. On
resigning that position he came to Los Angeles
in 1879 ^"d associated himself with Judge Bran-
son and Col. G. Wiley Wells in the law firm of
Brunson, Wells & Lee. On his arrival in this
county he was admitted to practice before the
state supreme court, April 30, 1879, and when
the United States circuit and district courts were
organized for Southern California, he was ad-
mitted to practice in them. At the time of the
election of Judge Brunson to the bench of the
superior court, the firm was reorganized under
the name of Wells, \'an Dyke & Lee, Hon.
Walter Van Dyke being a member thereof, who
after a time was elected to the judicial bench,
has since served as judge of the superior court,
and is now associate justice of the supreme
court. Since then Mr. Lee has been associated
with different partners, being for a time a mem-
ber of the firm of Wells, Guthrie & Lee, later

the firm of Wells, Monroe & Lee, next that of
Wells & Lee, and upon the admission of Judge
Works, ex-justice of the supreme court, the
name became Wells, Works & Lee. On account
of failing health. Colonel Wells finally retired
from practice, and since then the title has been
\Vork3 & Lee, the senior member being Hon.
John D. Works. During almost the entire pe-
riod of his residence in Los Angeles, Mr. Lee
has participated in its prominent legal contests,
and he has been connected with some of the
most noted htigations in the history of the state.

FRANK E. MORRILL, the postmaster at
Montalvo, Ventura county, who is also engaged
m the general mercantile business at this olace,
was born in Canterbury, N. H., July 8, '1833,
being a son of Hon. David Morrill, member of
congress from Merrimac county, N. H., and one
of the leading men of his state. Under the in-
fluence of such a father, his boyhood training
was received and his education acquired. At
eighteen years of age he left the home where
he was born and reared and went to Worcester,
Mass., where for two years he worked in the
pistol factory of Allen & Thurber. In 1853 he
came via the isthmus to California, and at once
made his way from San Francisco to the mines
at Nevada City, where he mined until i860, at
the same time acting as proprietor of the Me-
chanics' Hotel. In 1856 this hotel was burned,
but he at once rebuilt the structure and resumed
business.

Trading his property in i860, Mr. Morrill ac-
quired a farm in Yuba county, which, under its
present title of Bonanza ranch, is said to be
worth at least $100,000. It comprises over one
thousand acres, three hundred acres now being
in fruit. In 1875 he disposed of the property to
the Excelsior Ditch Company, who named it the
Bonanza. The same year he purchased a ranch
in Penn valley, Nevada county. The old Gasso-
way ranch (by which name the property was
known) comprised three hundred and twenty
acres, largely in pasturage, but to some extent
under cultivation to grain. The improvement of
this land proved a profitable employment.
Through his efforts, in 1890, the Excelsior Ditch
Company extended its ditch to his land, allow-
ing him to secure water from the main ditch.
This proved of great benefit to him. Thirty-five
acres of his land he planted in grapes, twenty
acres in fruit, and forty acres in red clover and
alfalfa.

On the occasion of being a second time
bought out by the Excelsior Ditch Company, in
1892, Mr. Morrill returned to his old home in
New Hampshire, where he celebrated his father's
ninety-fiftli birthday anniversar\', and also vis-
ited the World's Fair in Chicago. Returning to
California, in the fall of 1893 he settled at Mont-
alvo and bought out the general store owned

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

by Mr. Grassi, since which time, with his son,
C. O. Morrill, he has successfully carried on a
general mercantile business. Several of the best
houses in town are owned by him. In addition
to his store, he has built and now conducts a
livery and feed stable. In July, 1899, he was ap-
pointed postmaster, which position he has since
filled with credit to himself and satisfaction to
his fellow-citizens. In all of his enterprises he
has had the assistance of his wife, a lady of abil-
ity and resourcefulness, and at present taking
charge of the ^Montalvo hotel. She is the mother
of eight children, namely: Mrs. Ella .Miller,
Frank W. Alorrill, Mrs. Sarah Miller, James D.,
Charles O., Mrs. IMary Sanborn, George E. and
Edwin M. Morrill.

In the local work of the Republican party, Mr.
Morrill is active. In all ways he is ready to as-
sist in the upbuilding of the communhy and the
advancement of Montalvo's interests. For more
than twenty years he has kept his membership in
in the Nevada City Lodge, A. O. U. W. Be-
sides his property in Ventura county, he is still
the owner of one hundred and forty-five acres
in Yuba county, on which are raised oranges,
apples, pears, prunes and other varieties of fruit.

J. C. F. MILLER, whose skill as a builder
and contractor has evolved some of the finest
residences and public buildings in Santa Bar-
bara, was born in Auburn, Christian county, III,
October 30, 1858. His father, Henry Clay
Miller, was born in Ohio, and worked at his
trade of cabinetmaker there, and after his re-
moval 10 Mount Auburn, 111. During the Civil
war he served in an Illinois regiment until
the restoration of peace, after which he re-
turned to his old home neighborhood in Il-
linois and lived there for two years. He then
removed to Macon, near Decatur, and bought a
farm, upon which he lived imtil settling at his
present home m Leavenworth, Kans. The pa-
ternal grandfather was born in Pennsylvania, of
German descent, and lived for many years and
finally died in North Liberty, Ohio. The mother
of J. C. F. Miller was Elizabeth (Botkin) Miller,
a native of Ohio, and daughter of Isaac Botkin,
a native of West \'irginia and a farmer in Ohio.
Mrs. Miller, who died in Illinois, was the mother
of eleven children, eight of whom are living, J.
C. F. being the sixth and the only one in Cali-
fornia.

Until eighteen years of age Mr. Miller re-
mained on his father's farm and attended the
district schools. In 1876 he removed to Marion
county, Kans., and after staying for a year re-
turned to Illinois and learned the carpenter's
trade in Macon county. In 1882 he went to Ore-
gon, and at the end of two months proceeded to
Walla Walla, Wash., and worked at his trade,
returning in 1883 to Chicago, 111., where he re-

mained for six years. During that time he was
foreman for E. L. Lord, and had a responsible
position. In 1889 he came to Santa Barbara
and worked as a carpenter until 1892, when he
branched out into building and contracting,
which he has since followed. He built his own
residence in Oak Park, and among other cred-
itable undertakings attributed to him are the res-
idences of Dr. Doremus and Dr. Strong, the
Bond residence, the Washington school; and
at Jilontecito, the residences of General Strong
and Mrs. Boynton, an addition to the Waterman
residence, and the Country Club and cottages.
In Santa Barbara, February 12, 1891, Mr.
Miller married Bertha Elliott, a native of Wis-
consin, and daughter of Ezekiel Elliott, who was
born in New York state. Ezekiel Elliott was a
contractor and builder, and early settled at Lone
Rock, Wis., wiiere he was engaged in farming,
and became prominent in the community. He
came to Santa Cruz, Cal., in 1875, and engaged
in horticulture, and then removed to San Fran-
cisco, v,herc he manufactured kindling wood.
Later removing to .Vlameda, he engaged in the
wood and coal business, but in 1883 came to
Santa Barbara and was engaged in the stock
lousiness on the San Nicholas and Anacapa;
however, he is now in practical retirement. He
married Phoebe Vincent, who was born in New
York, a daughter of Joseph \'incent. also a na-
tive of New York. To Mr. and Mrs. Elliott
were born two sons and two daughters, of whom
Mrs. Miller is the youngest. Joseph \'. Elliott
is a contractor in Santa Barbara: Anna M. is
the wife of Mr. Humphrey of Santa Barbara:
and Ray is a carpenter by trade. To Mr. and
Mrs. Miller has been born one child, Vivian
lole. Mr. Miller is a member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, and is a Republican in poli-

W. H. AKERS. In many journeyings in
many lands one would find few travelers who
h.ave seen as much of the world as has Mr.
Akers, or who have as intelligently observed
and laid up stores of information from various
parts of the world. A native of Hackettstown,
N. J., he was born of parents also natives of
the eastern state, and was educated at the New-
port Naval Academy. In 1865 he entered the
merchant marine, sailing from New York to
.Vspinwall, and the same year to San Francisco
by way of the Horn. Later he made many trips
around the Horn, and in 1867 entered the em-
ploy of the Pacific mail service, making several
trips to Panama. He followed the uncertain
fortunes of the sea until 1885. and in the course
of his travels went around the world several
times. On many of the ships in \yhich he sailed
he held rank as first officer, and his sea-faring
existence was not marred by either serious acci-
dent or great peril.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

In 1885 Mr. Akers sought a terra firnia exist-
ence, and lived in San Francisco until 1892. In
May of that year he came to the Montecito val-
ley and bought the ranch which he now owns,
and upon which lemons are raised extensively.
Improvements have been brought about on the
property, and in 1892 the owner erected a pleas-
ant rural home in which his family are comfort-
ably housed. He devotes all of his time to the
ranch which has proved a source of profit and
successful experiment. In keeping with his en-
terprise Mr. Akers entertains an interest in the
development of his locality, and is an ardent
promoter of education. In politics a Democrat,
he is now serving his second term as trustee of
the Montecito school district, and has been a
member of the Democratic general committee
for some time, and also a delegate to numerous
county and state conventions. He is a member
of the Episcopal Church, and a trustee in the
same, and is fraternally associated with the Santa
Barbara Lodge, Xo. 613, B. P. O. E., and a
charter member of the lodge. In 1889 Mr.
Akers married Miss Gillard, a native of New
Zealand, and thev have four children: Weston,
Mollie, Helen and WiUiam H., Jr.

FELIX C. HOWES. The founder in
America of the family which was represented
by the late Felix C. Howes of Los Angeles,
bore the name of Thomas Howes and was a
native of England. About 1637 he set sail from
his home land for the strange country beyond
the ocean, the tedious voyage across which con-
sumed many weary weeks. Arriving at Plym-
outh Rock, where recently the Pilgrim Fathers
had first set foot upon American soil, he pro-
ceeded from there to Salem, Mass., which after-
ward continued to be his home. By his mar-
riage to Mary Burr, who came from Norfolk
county, England, he had three sons, James,
Thomas and Jeremiah, all of whom proved to be
noble men and the worthy ancestors of a large
and prosperous posterity. Ebenezer, son of
Jeremiah,' had a son, Thomas, born in 1699,
who married Deborah Sears. Their oldest
child, Moody, born in 1724, married Hannah
Snow, who died in July, 1758. In search of
more fertile land he moved from Yarmouth to
Putnam county, N. Y., in 1748, and purchased
a tract of six hundred acres from the Indians.
Not a furrow had ever been turned in the soil.
The land was in the condition of primeval na-
ture, and his was the task to clear, till and cul-
tivate. On that place he spent the remainder
of his life, dying in 1806. Of his first marriage
there were four children. In 1759 he married
Sarah Ellis, by whom he had nine children. Of
these Samuel, born in 1768, had three sons,
Exenetus, Bailey and Francis, all of whom be-

came prominent citizens in their respective com-
munities and bore an honorable part in agri-
cultural pursuits and progressive movements.
Of these sons Bailey, who was born in 1802,
became a successful farmer, cultivating a home-
stead which is now the site of the Croton reser-
voir. Of his marriage to Mary Cole of New
York there were three sons born, namely: Os-
car, who was an instructor in the University of
Chicago and died in that city; Byron, a banker,
and a veteran of the Civil war, who died in St.
Paul; and Felix Cary, who died in Los Angeles.
It is the last-named of these sons who forms the
subject of this article.

In Putnam county, N.Y., Felix C. Howes was
born ]\Iay 15, 1838, and there he received such
advantages as local public schools and academy
ofifered. His course in life was determined
when he was twelve years old, when, after hav-
ing received a check for certain work he had
done, he went into a bank to cash it. He often
afterward declared that he then resolved to be-
come a banker, and the tenacity with which he
adhered to that resolution is shown by the rec-
ord of his later years.

In 1854 he went to Hastings, Minn., join-
ing a brother, with whom, after some years
fpent in clerking, he engaged in the banking
business. During the Civil war he was in the
government employ as a clerk in the commis-
sary department, and accompanied General
Sherman through Georgia to the sea. On his
return to Minnesota he resumed the banking
business at Hastings. Removing to St. Paul
about 1873, l^s became cashier for the Marine
Bank, but, finding the winters of that northern
city too severe, he resigned in 1875 in order
to seek a more genial climate. In search of a
suitable location he traveled along the Pacific
coast, visiting many towns and cities, and not-
ing everywhere the remarkable improvements
that had been made on the coast. Being pleased
with Los Angeles, he decided to make his home
in this city, and accordingly purchased one
hundred and sixty acres on West Jefferson
street (now within the city limits). This tract he
placed under cultivation to oranges. About
1883, in connection with Major Bonebrake, he
organized the Los Angeles National Bank, of
which he continued to be cashier and a director
until his death. This institution has a- paid-up
capital of $500,000 and is one of the most solid
and substantia! banking institutions of the city'.
In addition to his intimate connection with its
early history and upbuilding, he was interested
in many different enterprises for the progress of
the city.

Though he was never a partisan nor an office-
seeker, yet his interest in politics was deep and
abiding, and the Republican party owes much to
the counsel and sympathy of such men as he.
Despite his varied interests and the consequent

558

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

demands upon his time he was always accessible
to those who desired his counsel.

In St. Paul, Minn.. September 21, 1866, Mr.
Howes married Mrs. Clara (Sanborn) Emerj-,
who was born in Waterville, Me. Her father,
Daniel Sanborn, was a native of New Hamp-
shire, and accompanied his father, Theophilus,
to Charleston, Me., settling upon a farm. His
education was received principally in Water-
ville College, after which he became a law stu-
dent. Admitted to the bar, he soon attained
eminence as a practicing attorney and won his
way gradually to a foremost rank at the Bangor
bar. For many years he was probate judge in
Penobscot county, and it is said of him that his
service on the bench was as creditable as that
at the bar. Fair and impartial in his decisions,
wise in his rulings, extensive in knowl-
edge of the law, he was admirably qualified for
the work of jurist. In the midst of his profes-
sional and official duties he found time to
maintain his membership with the Odd Fel-
lows and Masons. In 1882, when seventy-one
years of age, he died at his home in Bangor,
Me. The family of which he was a member has
a lineage that can be traced back to the days of
William the Conqueror, the Sanborns having
accompanied that famous Norman in his
memorable expedition to England.

The girlhood years of Mrs. Howes were
passed in Maine, with the exception of four
years during President Buchanan's administra-
tion, when her father was connected with the
Boston custom house. The family then resided
at Charlestown. a suburb, and she attended the
high school of that town. About 1865 she
went to Hastings, Minn., where she married the
following year. In religion she is a Congrega-
lionalist, which was the religious faith of many
of her New England ancestors. Wherever she
has made her home her influence has been given
to movements tending to advance educational,
religious and benevolent interests. Her chil-
dren have been the objects of her ministering
care, and two of them survive to make happy
the afternoon of her life, these being Mrs. Flora
Howes Farwcll and Miss Clara Frances Howes.
The former, who is a graduate of the Los
Angeles high school and state normal, is the
wife of Lyman Farwell, an architect in this city.
Two other daughters have been taken by death,
the second, Carrie, dying in childhood; while
*the oldest, Marie, wife of Dr. Merritt Hitt. died
at Cayucas, Cal., in 1892.

A. A. ALLEN. Few men on the Pacific
coast are better equipped for the manipulation
of large insurance interests than is A. A. .\llen,
attorney-at-law, and special Southern California
agent and manager for the Northwestern Na-
tional Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wis.
Preceded by years of practical experience as a

lawyer, politician and insurance man m a thriv-
ing town of North Dakota, Mr. Allen came to
Los Angeles in 1889, and has since been an in-
tegral part of the prosperity of the city. A native
of Clyde, Wayne county, X. Y., he was born Jan-
uary II, 1855, and is the youngest in a family
of five children born to Ovid and Sarah (Smith)
Allen, for many years residents of Wayne coun-
ty. Latter-day members of the family recall
with pride the life of the paternal great-grand-
father, who was born in France, and served with
Lafayette in the Revolutionary war. Ovid Allen
was a contractor and builder in Wayne county,
but eventually carried on his chosen occupation
in Coldvvater, Alich., where terminated his well-
directed life.

After completing his preliminary education in
the public schools of Coldwater, Mich., Mr.
Allen entered the law department of the Uni-
versity of Michigan, and at the expiration of a
year went into the office of Jonas H. AIcGowan,
member of congress, and a prominent lawyer of
Coldwater. In 1879, the year after being ad-
mitted to practice at the Michigan bar, he re-
moved to Jamestown, N. D., and entered upon a
practice destined to assume gratifying propor-
tions. There he was district attorney for several
years, justice of the peace, mayor of the town,
county superintendent of schools, and member
of the board of education. In connection with
his law practice he carried on a successful in-
surance business, and yet found time to as-
sume innumerable social and general obliga-
tions, the fulfillment of which brought a de-
served popularity and high personal regard.

After locating in Los Angeles in 1889 Mr.
Allen engaged principally in the insurance busi-
ness, and has worked up a large patronage in
fire insurance. Since 1897 he has been the spe-
cial agent and adjuster for the Northwestern
National Insurance Company of ^vlilwaukec,
He has been admitted to practice in the su-
preme court of California. He is a director
in the loan and real-estate enterprise of R. W.
Poinde.xter, and a stockholder in the West Coast
Land and Water Company. His political suc-
cesses experienced in Jamestown, have found a
counterpart in Los Angeles, where he has a rec-
ognized Republican influence. In December of
1900 he was honored by being elected from the
sixth ward to the council by a majority of one
hundred and twenty-five, in a Democratic ward
of four hundred majority, and he was the first
Republican elected to that position in eight
years. In January of 1901 he took the oath of
office, and has since served as chairman of the
finance committee, as member of the board of
public works, member of the gas and light com-
mittee, and the supply and building committee.
He has also been a member of the special water
committee appointed to organize a plan for con-
ducting the new city water plant. He is a mem-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

559

ber of the Union League Republican Club, and
of the county central committee. Fraternally
he was made a Mason in Jamestown, later took
the degrees of^Royal Arch and Knights Temp-
lar; and is a member of South Gate Lodge in
Los Angeles. The Woodmen of the World,
Fraternal Brotherhood and Independent Order
of Foresters also claim him as a member. In
religious associations he attends the Immanuel
Presbyterian Church.

In Jamestown, Mr. Allen was united in mar-
riage with Miss Claire E. Winslow, who was
born in Pennsylvania, and is a daughter of R.
M. Winslow, formerly a lumberman in Wiscon-
sin. Mr. Allen has an enviable standing in Los
Angeles, and his optimistic personality and so-
cial tact have won for him a host of friends. In
his special line of work he has few equals in
Southern California, and as a councilman he
has shown himself intelligently alive to the best
interests of the community.

ISAAC MILLER. The farm of Isaac Miller
in Santa Barbara county originally comprised a
portion of the site upon which Santa Maria is
now built, but at the time of his first occupancy
of the lanil the idea of the future settlement had
hardly taken shape, and it is doubtful if its pres-
ent standing in the county was deemed even a
probabilitv. From, his youth Mr. Miller has fol-
lowed the occupation of farming, and his ances-
tors for many years were successful tillers of
the soil. He was born in Scott county, \'a., in
1828, and lived in that state until 1844. Isaac
Miller, Sr., was born in Virginia, as was also
his wife, Rebecca (Barker) Miller. In their fam-
ily were seven children, of whom Isaac, Jr., was
sixth. Parents and children removed to Mis-
souri in 1844, where they lived until 1850, at
which time father and son crossed the plains to
California, by means of ox-teams, their journey
lasting five months from the time they started
from the county seat of Miller county, Mo., on
May 5th. In 1853 the mother, oldest brother
and two oldest sisters also crossed the plains and
joined the previous travelers, and together thev
went to the Russian river, Sonoma county,
where for eight or ten years they lived on a
ranch. Tlie youngest son in the family came
west in 1857.

After Isaac Miller, Jr., began to make his own
way in the world, for nearly twenty years he
mined in difTerent parts of 'Nevada and Cali-
fornia. He was eleven years in Nevada, where
l-.e was the founder of Star City, in Humboldt
county. There he built a hotel and was easily
recognized as one of the leading and represen-
tative citizens. He was district recorder of the
Star City district and also conducted an assay-
er's office for several years, but finally sold out
and came to Santa Barbara county, in 1872 he
came to where Santa Maria is now located and

bought a quarter section of land, upon a part
of which the first store of the embryo town was
constructed, which store, now used for a bakery,
has been removed from its original site, and a
large general store constructed in its place. In
all Mr. Miller sold about twenty acres in town
lots, the grammar sciiool being upon one of the
lots. Upon his own place he has the most ad-
vanced improvements, and farms on a large
scale, the orchard, which for years bore pro-
lifically of various kinds of fruits, being now util-
ized for the purpose of raising beans and beets.
In connection with his other work he has dealt
considerably in real estate, and is recognized as
an excellent business man. He is a Democrat
in politics, and has been a Mason for twenty
years, being at present a Master Mason of the
Santa Alaria Lodge No. 262.

The marriage of Mr. Miller and Anna Roberts
occurred in 1866, and of this union were born
the following-named children: Ida, deceased;
Isaac, who is clerking in a dry-goods store;
James H.; Minnie, who is now Mrs. Thomas
Barrett, of San Luis Obispo; George, and Wil-
liam.

GEORGE ALEXANDER. Tlie business
and social traits which have procured for Mr.
Alexander an enviable prominence in whatso-
ever part of the country he has elected to reside,
have conspired to render him also a valuable ac-
quisition to Los Angeles, of which he has been
a resident since 1887, and in which he is appre-
ciated for his commercial acumen. A resume
of his life were most incomplete without due
mention of his courageous and meritorious ca-
reer as a soldier during the Civil war, his many
hazardous experiences at that time qualifying
him to interestingly divert the listeners at many
camp-fire reunions.

Of sturdy Scotch ancestry and birth, Mr. Alex-
ander claims Glasgow as his natal city, and was
born in 1839, his father, William, being also a
native of Scotland, and a farmer by occupation.
The family immigrated to America in 1850 and
settled in Chicago, III, removing in 1856 to
near Toledo, Iowa, where the father took up
government land sixty miles from the railroad.
He continued to live here for many years, and
eventually died while on a visit to Chicago, 111.
He was a Presbyterian in religion, and an up-
right, successful farmer. His son, George, was
the oldest in a family of four children, and was
ten years of age when brought to Chicago.
His education was acquired principally in the
public schools of Chicago and he afterwards en-
gaged in independent farming in Iowa. In Au-
gust of 1862 he enlisted at Muscatine, in Com-
pany E, Twenty-fourth Iowa \'olunteer Infan-
try, his regiment being remembered as a fight-
ing regiment, with a splendid record, and known
also as the Temperance and Methodist regi-

560

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ment. He was sent to different camps in Ar-
kansas, and in 1863 participated in the siege of
Vicksburg, the battles of Point Gibson, Jackson,
and Champion Hill. The latter was one of the
most terrible of the battles of the \'icksburg
campaign, and of the four hundred and seven-
teen who entered the fight one hundred and
ninety-five were killed or wounded or captured,
thirteen meeting the last named fate. After the
surrender of Vicksburg Mr. Alexander was
taken ill and sent north, after which he rejoined
his regiment at New Orleans, and in 1864 took
part in the Banks expedition up the Red River.
From New Orleans they went by transport to
Washington, and under General Sheridan were
at the fore in the battles of Winchester, Fisher
Hill, Cedar Creek, and many skirmishes, later
going to the relief of Sherman's army at Savan-
nah, which tow-n they succeeded in holding for
two months. They then went north to Golds-
boro, N. C, and after several skirmishes re-
turned to Savannah, and were sent inland one
hundred and forty miles to protect government
property and capture Jefferson Davis, who had
fallen into the hands of the Unionists two days
before. After two months the regiment was
mustered out at Savannah in July of 1865, and
were honorably discharged at Davenport, Iowa,
in August of the same year, having served in
all about three years.

After the war Mr. Alexander settled in Belle
Plaine, Iowa, and engaged in the grain business
with Twogood Brothers, now of Riverside, af-
terwards successfully conducting an independ-
ent grain business until 1874. He then con-
tinued the same line of business in Toledo, Iowa,
for a year, and next removed to Dysart, Iowa,
where he was also interested in grain until Jan-
uary of 1887. In Iowa he was prominently con-
nected with the political undertakings of the
Republican party, and held a number of im-
portant and responsible positions. In 1887 he
located in Los Angeles, and was interested in a
feed mill for two years, and in 1892 was ap-
pointed deputy street superintendent for two
years. During that time he built three houses,
and greatly improved his lots and property. In
1895 he was appointed deputy county recorder
for four years, under F. C. Hodgman, and in
T899 was re-appointed deputy street superin-
tendent, a position which he creditably filled un-
til his nomination as su])ervisor. In the fall of
1900, Air. Alexander was nominated supervisor
of the second district on the Republican ticket,
and elected by a majority of ten hundred and
fifty-two over a popular Democratic candidate.
The oath of office was administered in January
of 1901, his term of office to be four years. As
a supervisor his services are giving satisfaction,
and he is intelligently in touch with the require-
ments of the office. He is an ex-member of the
city and county central committees, and had

been a delegate to many conventions. Frater-
nally he is associated with the Masons, having
joined that organization at Belle Plaine, Iowa.
He is a charter member of South Gate Lodge
No. 320, and was raised to the Royal Arch Ma-
sons in Vinton, Iowa, and is now a member of
the Signet Chapter No. 57 in this city, and also
Los Angeles Commandery. As a member of the
Grand Army of the Republic he is connected
with the Bartlett Logan Post. In religion he
is a member and trustee of the Central Metho-
dist Episcopal Church. While living in Iowa,
in 1862, Air. Alexander married Annie Yeiser,
a native of Ohio, and whose family were among
the pioneers of Iowa. Of this union there are
two children, Lydia, who is living at home, and
Frank, who is a business man in Los .Angeles.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER. Preceded by
years of conservative commercial experience,
William Alexander came to California in 1883,
and has since been an integral part of the busi-
ness and social life of Santa Barbara. The sense
of strength felt in speaking his name is in no
wise contradicted by the attainments of the man
himself, who, before all else, is a Scotchman,
to whose inherited sagacity have been added
that breadth of mind and liberality of thought to
be found only in those who have seen much,
thought more, and observed from all standpoints.
A great reader, of ready versatility, and a suc-
cessful man, it is not surprising that he has many
friends, and that his standing in the community
of this and his native land is an enviable one.

A native of Alontrose, Forfarshire, Scotland,
Mr. Alexander was born September 26, 1826.
His father, Samuel, was bom near Montrose,
and was a linen manufacturer by occupation,
importing his flax from Riga and Arch-
angel. The paternal grandfather. William
Alexander, was a preacher, and married
a Miss Murray. The mother of William
Alexander, Margaret (Dickson) Alexander, was
born in Kincardine-Shire, a daughter of John
Dickson, a representative of a family for many
years devoted to agriculture. Mr. Alexander
was educated at Montrose Academy, the regular
course of which institution he had finished when
fifteen years of age, after which he attended
higher classes at the same place. The business
experience, to the rigor of which he attributes
the foundation of his success in life, was acquired
in the Bank of Scotland. His apprenticeship and
later service meant strict attention to business
and hard work with little diversion, serving in
several of that bank's agencies.

After seventeen years of service in the Bank
of Scotland, Mr. Alexander received an appoint-
ment in the Bank of British North America, and
eventually embarked in business, under the name
and style of Blaikie & .'Mexander in Toronto,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

563

representing clients in both England and Scot-
land, and doing a successful business.

When the Toronto Stock Exchange was or-
ganized, Mr. Alexander was one of the charter
members and was elected the first president, but
declined the honor of serving because of busi-
ness reasons. On account of impaired health he
decided upon a trip to California, having learned
from Meteorological statistics that here was to
be found a most equable climate. After three
months' investigation of prevailing conditions he
made arrangements to dispose of his interests
in Toronto, and telegraphed his family to join
him in his new found home. Since then he has
been prominent particularly in building circles,
having spent many thousands of dollars in erect-
ing houses and other buildings, among the lat-
ter being the Alexander block.

At St. Andrews, Scotland, Mr. Alexander mar-
ried Jessie B. Todd, who was born in Fifeshire,
a daughter of George Todd, one of the most
prominent farmers of the locality. Of this union
there are eight children, and one of the sons,
W. Murray, is a business man of Toronto, Can-
ada. Mr. Alexander is a member of the Cham-
ber of Commerce, and is conservative in politics.
He is a member and worker in the First Presby-
terian Church and has been a ruling elder in
that denomination ever since a young man.

WILLIAM F. SPRING. For the^ long
period of about twenty-nine years Mr. Spring
w'as identified with the rise of Montecito valley
to its present place among the most beautiful
and fertile parts of Southern California. He
was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, July
22, 1837, '''is father, George Spring, being pre-
sumably a native of Pennsylvania, and remov-
ing, when a young man, with a colony of Penn-
sylvania Germans to Muskingum county, Ohio,
all the settlers being unable to speak any lan-
guage but their native tongue. George Spring
married Susan Story, and together they reared
their family and improved their land in Ohio,
and were among the respected and enterprising
members of the community.

Left fatherless at the age of twelve, Mr.
Spring continued to live on the homestead in
Muskingum county, and as opportunity offered
attended the little log school house in the
neighborhood. In 1855 he removed to La Salle
county. 111., and worked by the month until the
breaking out of the Civil war, when he enlisted
in Company C, Forty-fourth Illinois \'olunteer
Infantry, and served until shortly before the
close of the war. His regiment was a part of
the army of the Cumberland, and took part in
the battles of Pea Ridge, I^Io., in 1862, the
siege of Corinth, and Stone River, at which last
named encounter he received a wound in the leg
and was confined in the hospital at Albany,
Ohio, for five months. L^pon recovering he

joined the central service, and was duly dis-
charged at the expiration of his term. He then
re-enlisted as a veteran in the same regiment,
became sergeant, and was wounded in the first
battle of Resaca, which forced him to spend a
time in a hospital at Chicago, and then was hon-
orably discharged in the spring of 1865.

L^pon returning to his home Mr. Spring con-
ducted a drug store, express office .and post
office in La Salle county. In 1866 he married
Mary E. Abbott, a native of New York state,
and whose father, Orren Abbott, was a soldier
in the war of 1812. The paternal grandfather
was a Revolutionary hero, having been with
Washington at Valley Forge. A brother of
Airs. Spring, O. L. Abbott, came to California
in 1867, and for years was a prominent lawyer
in Santa Barbara. In 1873 Mr. Spring came
west with his family and located in Montecito,
and the next year bought a ranch at the foot of
the hills, and engaged in the apiary business.
This proved a successful and profitable venture,
and he usually had as many as two hundred
colonies of the Italian variety of bees. He also
raised small fruits on his farm, and in 1893 sold
out his property and bought the Blaisdell farm
which has since been his home. Many improve-
ments have been made on the new possession,
and the land is chiefly devoted to lemon and
berry culture. The Spring family were one of
about twelve of those who originally settled in
the valley, and who have materially aided in the
general improvement. Much of his success Mr.
Spring attributed to the sympathy and assist-
ance of his wife, whose good judgment and
sound common sense have tided over many a
difficulty, and suggested a bright and hopeful
rather than a discouraging state of affairs.

The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Spring
are: Arthur L., at home; Charles M., in Santa
Barbara county; Roland F., who is living at
Montecito; and Cora L., who is the wife of W.
A. Phillips. In politics Mr. Spring was an in-
telligent and conservative socialist. He was a
Mason for many years, and soon after coming
here became associated with the Starr King
Post, G. A. R., in which latter organization he
was very active. He served as trustee of the
Montecito school district, and was in favor of all
possible educational advantages. Mr. Spring
was well and favorably known among the pio-
neers of the valley, and contributed his share
towards the burdens and enduring the hardships
of pioneer life.

The death of Mr. Spring occurred suddenly
.August 25. 1902, heart failure being the im-
mediate cause. His death was a loss to the com-
munity of which he was a leading citizen and
pioneer. In every movement for the develop-
ment of this region he was always a working
participant. esi)ecially in the organization of
agricultural .-ind horticultural societies for the

564

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

dissemination of knowledge to promote fruit cul-
ture of all kinds, as well as movements to build
up the farming interests of the locality. In be-
lief he was a liberal Spiritualist, a large, kind-
hearted man, possessing sound judgment and
sterling integrity, and honored and respected by
all. For three' weeks before his demise his
home had been the scene of a reunion of the
brothers and sisters of his wife. Although very
feeble, he entered most enthusiastically into the
spirit of the occasion. One after another had
taken their leave and the last of the guests was
about to depart when suddenly that always un-
expected guest, Death, entered the home and
Mr. Spring peacefully passed into eternity.

JAMES V. AKEY. Especially in that part of
Los Angeles formerly known as \'ernondale and
later as South Los Angeles is the name of J.
V. Akey, well known and influential. Coming
to Vernon district in 1887, later he established
the first general mercantile establishment on
Central and \'ernon avenues. At that time Ver-
nondale postofhce was one-half mile east. It
was superseded by the South Los Angeles
postofHce, the station for which was in his store.
At a still later date this postofifice was annexed
to Los Angeles as Station K and as such con-
tinues to the present. From the spring of 1888
until 1894 he carried a line of merchandise, hard-
ware and drugs in a building on the northwest
corner of Central and Vernon, but during the
latter year disposed of his stock, excepting the
drugs, to N. W. Woods, after which he devoted
himself to the management of his pharmacy in
a store near by. In 1897 he planned and built
the first brick block this side of Seventh street,
it being a two-story structure, 45x88, with base-
ment. The first floor is utilized for a pharmacy,
as is also the basement, while the second floor
is a hail adapted to lodge and society use. In
addition, he built frame stores adjoining, so that
he has erected altogether a frontage of eighty-
five feet on Central avenue. Besides his drug
business, he is interested, with C. B. Bennett, in
the Vernon grocery, one of the largest on the
avenue.

Mr. Akey represents the third generation of
an English family in America. His father, James
B., a native of Pennsylvania, learned the mer-
chant tailor's trade in that state, but after go-
ing to Defiance, Ohio, on account of ill health,
he turned his attention to farming. In 1864 he
removed to Michigan and settled near Burroak,
St. Joseph county, where he engaged in farm-
ing until he died. He had married Mary E.
Yates, who was born in Pennsylvania and died
in Miciiigan June 25, 190T, at the age of seventy-
nine years. Her fatlier, William Yates, was born
in Pennsylvania, of Scotch Irish descent, and
became a merchant of Bryan, Ohio. In the fam-
ilv of lames !'>. .\kcv tlierc were four children.

namely: W. B., who came to Los Angeles in
1882 and was instrumental in getting Central
avenue through and extending \'ernon ave-
nue; Robert, who occupies the homestead in
^Michigan; James \'. ; and Alice, who remains
at the old Michigan home.

In Defiance county, Ohio, James \'. Akey was
born November 15, 1853. When the famil>
moved to Michigan he was about eleven years
of age. While still a mere boy he entered his
brother's store at Colon, Alich., and remained
there eight years, meantime learning the trades
of pharmacist, jeweler and undertaker, for this
was one of those country stores wherein are
kept different varieties of stock and various in-
dustries are conducted under one roof. Finally
he bought out his brother, after which lie con-
tinued alone for five years. During his resi-
dence in Colon he was township treasurer for
two terms, township clerk three terms, and at
the time of his removal was filling the office of
justice of the peace. In the fall of 1887 he dis-
posed of his interests m Michigan and came to
California, where for a few months he was em-
ployed in his brother's real estate office, after
which he entered business for himself. Besides
his various store buildings, he owns a home on
Central avenue and other residence property, all
representing his accumulations since coming
west. As a business man he is keen, energetic
and vigorous in action, and while recognizing
the rights of others, he expects from them the
same courteous recognition of his rights. Jus-
tice is with him the motive power of action and
has ruled his life. He is a member of the State
Pharmaceutical Association and in other ways
has kept in touch with general activities in his
special line of business. In the Republican par-
ty he has been a worker on local committees,
while fraternally he is connected with the Mod-
ern Woodmen of America, the Order of Pendo
and the Masonic Order, having been initiated
into the blue lodge and chapter in Colon, Mich.,
and the Commandery of Sturgis, Mich., of which
he is still a member. By his marriage to Miss
Lillie E. HoUinshead, of Colon, Mich., and who
was born in Indiana, he has one daughter, Mary
\''ernon.

REV. J. BOYD ANDREWS. Though not
an old man at the time of his death in 1899.
having attained to one less than three score
\ears, Mr. Andrews accomplished a world of
good during his ministrations in the Presby-
terian church, to the interests of which he de-
voted all of his years of activity. His benevo-
lent disposition and innumerable acts of kind-
ness are retaincfl in tlie minds and hearts of the
thousands to whom he elociuently indicated a
life of serenity and goodness, and whom he per-
suaded to adopt in tlieir daily intercourse the up-
lifting principles of Christianity.

<i^^^,2-/^^^,e.^^f^^^li^=^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

565

A native of Lamont, Pa., Mr. Andrews was
born in 1840, and received in his youth admir-
able educational advantages. He studied at La-
fayette College, Easton, Pa., and at the North-
western Theological Seminary in Chicago, from
which he entered the ministry of the Presbyte-
rian Church. Following his graduation he
preached at Columbus, Wis., and at Appleton, of
the same state, in which latter city he organized
and built the first church of his denomination.
An excess of zeal and consequent strain upon
his mental and physicial well-being resulted in
his resigning the pastorate at the end of six
years, and removing to Hebron, 111., near the
Wisconsin state line. In 1888 he came to Car-
pinteria, Cal, and at once evinced the almost
superhuman vitality and activity which had char-
acterized his efforts in the middle west. He
built up the church and placed it on a substan-
tial footing with others of the denomination in
the county. For a short time he ofliciated in
the church of Santa Maria, Santa Barbara coun-
ty, and for three years had a pastorate at Santa
Cruz, where he accomplished excellent results
in building up the church. Combined with a
natural felicity and eloquence of expression, Mr.
Andrews possessed a genius for organization,
which, perhaps, was the special claim for recog-
nition m summing up his work. He rarely
failed in reviving spiritless congregations, and
infusing the necessary enthusiasm for a con-
tinued interest when the work passed into other
hands.

August I, 1882, Mr. Andrews married Elsie
West, who was born and educated in Wiscon-
sin. To Mr. and Mrs. Andrews were born three
children, Donald, Jean and Helen.

DANIEL HALLADAY. Upon the estab-
lishment of the Commercial Bank of Santa Ana.
in 1882, Mr. Halladay was chosen to occupy the
position of president, which ofifice he filled for
a number of years, and since then he has acted
in the capacity of vice-president. In addition
to his connection with tliis concern he was
a ])romotcr and incorporator of the Bank
of Orange, of which he has ofificiated as a direc-
tor since its organization. At one time he was
also a director of the Orange County Savings
Bank. When the project of furnishing Santa
Ana with gas for illuminating purposes was
proposed, he promoted the plan and assisted
in incorporating the Santa Ana (ias Company,
of which he became a director. Another en
terprise which he assisted in inaugurating was
the Santa Ana, Orange and Tustin street rail-
way, and he .served as a director of this com-
pany.

In Marlboro, \'t., Mr. liallada\- was born
November 24, 1827, a son of David and Nancy
(Carpenter) Halladay. also natives of Vermont,
the former being a son of Daniel Halladav, who

was a New Englander by birth. When twelve
years of age Daniel Halladay accompanied his
parents to Springfield, Mass.', where the family
resided several years, later settling in Ware, the
same state. His education was received in pub-
lic schools. When nineteen years of age he
began to learn the trade of a machinist, which
he followed as apprentice and journeyman for
six years, and during the latter half of this time
he was foreman in the American machine works
at Springfield, Mass., and the machine works
of Seth Adams & Co., in South Boston, Mass.
From South Boston he returned to Springfield,
resuming his former position as foreman in the
American machine works. While there he had
charge of the construction of the caloric en-
gine, which was invented by John Ericsson, the
famous designer of the Alonitor. Upon its
completion the engine was exhibited at the
World's Fair in London, England, in 185 1, Mr.
Halladay having been sent to England for the
purpose of superintending its exhibition and
also its erection in the Crystal Palace in which
it was placed among the American exhibits.

On his return from England, Air. Halladay
became a partner in a machine manufacturing
concern at Ellington, Conn. In a short time,
however, he removed to South Coventry, Conn.,
and engaged in the manufacture of machinery
there under the title of the Halladay Wind Mill
Company. The greater part of the machines
turned out by the company were his own in-
ventions, for from an early age he had shown
himself to possess considerable inventive ability.
In 1863 the plant and business were moved to
Batavia, 111., where he made his home and con-
ducted the business until his removal to Santa
Ana, Cal., in 1880. Meantime, under his en-
ergetic and wise supervision, the business at
Batavia had assumed large proportions, and
when wishing to retire from the manufacturing
business, he disposed of his interest in the plant,
it was at a satisfactory figure. Since becoming
a resident of Santa "Ana, he has had agri-
cultural and horticultural interests, but his at-
tention, as before stated, has been principallv
given to the banking business. Fraternally he
is a Mason, and in politics has always supported
the principles of the Republican party. His
home in Santa Ana is presided over bv his wife,
who was formerly Susan M. Spooner, of Belch-
ertown, Mass., a member of an old family of
New England.

HENRY MILTON AMES. The Ames fam-
ily vyas identified with the early history of Con-
necticut. When the tide of emigration was mov-
ing westward from New England, Leonard Ames
determined to seek a home for himself and
family in the then west. A native of Litchfield,
Conn., and a farmer near that city, he had mar-
ried Minerva Peck, and at the time of their re-

566

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

moval ihey were the parents of two children.
The Httle family journeyed in an ox-cart, drawn
by two oxen, and in this primitive conveyance
they crossed over into New York and traveled
as far as the town of iMexico, Oswego county.
The discovery of a fine large spring led Mr.
Ames to locate there. Buying two hundred
acres of heavily timbered land, he at once liegan
to build a log house, the family living in the
wagon until the cabin was ready for occupancy.
Next he turned his attention to clearing the
land and placing the soil under cultivation. Be-
ing a man of great energy, he succeeded in mak-
ing of his farm a valuable estate, and with in-
creasing prosperity he built for his family a
frame house. This, in turn, became inadequate
to their wants, and in 7835 he built a stone resi-
dence which still stands, and in which. he and
his wife died. A man of stanch convictions, he
was an abolitionist and a firm opponent of the
.-vstem of slavery. In politics he voted the
VVhig ticket. His wife was the first Methodist
who settled in Oswego county and the first meet-
ing ever held by that denomination in the coun-
ty'was held in her little bedroom.

The youngest and the only survivor of the
thirteen children of Leonard and Minerva Ames
is Henry Milton Ames, born in Oswego county,
N. Y., March 30, 1S24. As a boy he attended
Mexico Academy, which his father had assisted
in establishing. In 1837 he went to Oswego,
where he was employed in the manufacture of
plaster and cement and operated a mill for that
purpose. Later he engaged in building vessels.
A subsequent enterprise was the forwarding and
commission business, in wliich he forwarded
goods that had come from New York City to
Oswego by canal boats, transferring them to his
vessels and shipping them west on the lakes.
Through these various enterprises, Mr. Ames
acquired a thorough knowledge of several dif-
ferent lines of business, and he now turned his
attention to a line somewhat different from an}-
in which he was previously interested. Becom-
ing t!ie head of the private banking house of
Ames, Howlelt & Co., he continued until 1855,
and in the meantime established a reputation as
a financier of unusual ability. On severing his
connection with the bank, in 1855 he established
the Ames iron works of Oswego. Into this busi-
ness, in 1870, he took his brother Leonard, also
Isaac L Merriam, but the following year, owing
to failing health, he found it advisable to seek
a more equable climate, and therefore disposed
of his interest in the plant, which, however, is
still known as the Ames iron works. While
he was proprietor of the Ames Manufacturing
Company, they manufactured portable engines,
which found a large sale throughout the entire
country and hundreds arc still used in the coast
states.

Since 1871 Mr. .\mes has been a resident of

California and for some years made his home in
the northern part of the state, where he became
interested in the stock business. Purchasing a
ranch of sixteen hundred acres in Shasta coun-
ty, he stocked the place and in time became the
owner of very important interests. To facilitate
the disposal of his cattle, he turned his attention
to the slaughtering business, and built the first
slaughter house and started the present Butch-
ertown at Oakland. Subsequently he built
other slaughter houses, also erected various
warehouses, a hotel, and buildings for the pro-
motion of his business. He was the first to
slaughter beef at Salt Lake and ship the same in
refrigerator cars to Oakland for the San Fran-
cisco market. Another industry in which he en-
gaged about the same time was the manufacture
of beet sugar, for which purpose he leased a
sugar refinery at Isleton, near Sacramento, but
a year's experiment w'ith the plant convinced
him that the beets in that damp soil grew too
large and coarse a fibre, and therefore the per-
centage of sugar was too low to be manufac-
tured.

The year 1882 witnessed the arrival of Mr.
Ames in Southern California. It might be sup-
posed by many that, having led a very active
life, he would now retire from all business in-
terests and, in this delightful climate w-ould pass
the afternoon of existence in quiet retirement.
But those who would form such opinions cer-
tainly could know little of the activity of the
man. The exercise of his talents in various
forms of business enterprise is with him insepar-
able from existence. He is happiest wdien busi-
est, hence has allowed increasing years to bring
him no lessening of responsibilities. On coming
to this part of the state, he bought two hundred
acres near the San Gabriel Mission, for which he
paid $17 an acre, and this he disposed of, during
the boom, for $300 an acre, receiving a total of
S6o,ooo for the wdiole. He then came to Los
Angeles, where he now makes his home at No.
4517 Central avenue. Tlie laying out of tracts
in city lots and the improvement thereof have
taken much of his time and attention of recent
years. Under the title of H. M. .Vmes subdi-
vision of Vernon, he laid out forty acres on
Central avenue and Vernon street. He also
bought sixty acres of the Glassell tract near the
Los Angeles city limits, which he platted in lots
that sold readily at private sale and auction. To
facilitate settlement thereon, he became inter-
ested in a company that built a street car line
from the Santa Fe depot to the city limits on the
Glassell tract, thereby bringing the lots into
easy access from the business center. Tlie irri-
gation system that he established on the tract
is still in use. .-\t this writing his attention is
given principally to the refining of oil, owning,
with two partners, the Pacific oil refinery near
the Santa Fe Railroad.

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y^Cr^-^^^z^ CL (f^U.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

569

MATT H. ARNOLD. One of the prosper-
ous farmers in the vicinity of Ventura is M. H.
Arnold, a resident of California since 1852, and
a farmer in his present locality since 1S68. He
was born in DeKalb county, III, February
16, 1844, and is a son of Cutler and Emily
( Hough) Arnold. The family of which he was a
r.iember comprised the following children:
Henry, deceased; LeRoy, deceased; Matt H.,
Eugene, a farmer; Edward, of Fillmore, Cal.;
George, wiio is engaged in farming near Flue-
neme; Mrs. Emma Pitcher, of Hueneme; and
Mrs. Fannie Baxter, of Los Angeles. The mater-
nal ancestors were pioneers of Connecticut and
Massachusetts and moved from New York to
Illinois. The paternal ancestors became identi-
fied \\-ith Connecticut and \^ermont in an early
day. Cutler Arnold, who was a son of Nathan
Arnold, was born in Ohio in 1818, and in 1849
made the long journey overland to California.
During 1868 he settled on a farm in Ventura
county, where the subsequent years of his life
were passed. He died in 1892.

In addition to a public school education Matt
H. Arnold was privileged to attend Oakland Col-
lege. His first efforts to earn a livelihood were
in teaming on the frontier, hauling merchandise
between California and Idaho and Nevada. Ever
since eight years of age he has been identified
with California history, his father having sent
east for the family in 1852. When the family
came to Ventura countv in 1868 he accompa-
nied them, and settled in the valley near Hue-
neme. From that time until 1877 the three sons,
Eugene, Edward and Matt H., conducted farm
operations in partnership, but finally the prop-
erty was divided and each started out alone.
Since then and until November, 1902, Matt H.
has been farming on his four hundred acre ranch
two and a lialf miles east of Hueneme, which he
still owns, raising stock, barley, corn, lima beans
and sugar beets, in about the order named, as he
became acquainted with the adaptability of the
soil. In November, 1901, he bought the Thurs-
ton place near Ventura, which is a portion
of the Santa Paula y Saticoy tract and contains
eighty-eight acres principally devoted to the
raising of beans. The ranch is well improved
and the house occupied by the family is large
and comfortable.

In 1877 Mr. Arnold married Eliza Perkins, a
native of Maine and a daughter of T. E. Perk-
ins, who now resides in Los .-Angeles county.
Of this union there are four children; Ralph
M., Chester, Joe and Alice. When the Ocean
\"iew district was formed near Hueneme, Mr.
Arnold was elected one of the school trustees
and held the position for fifteen years, during
which time the first school house in the district
was buiit. Fraternally he is associated with the
.Ancient Order of United Workmen, .\lways a
stanch Republican, he has served as a men'ibcr

of the county Republican central committee and
has been active in party matters. His worth as
a citizen was early recognized and his influence
in poHtical matters was felt by all who came in
contact with him either in local gatherings or
committee work. In 1890 he was nominated for
county supervisor and received the election in
the autumn of that year, after which he served
until 1894, meantime giving his support to all
measures for the benefit of the countv.

HON. THOMAS A. RICE, a typical repre-
.-entative of a distinguished southern ancestry,
occupies a place in Ventura county warranted
by his numerous capabilities, his unblemished
integrity, and those admirable traits of citizen-
ship everywhere recognized as productive of
sound government and municipal purity. Of
English descent, the family of which he is a
member was first represented in America by the
paternal great-grandfather, who emigrated from
England and settled in North Carolina. The
grandfather, Archibald, was also born in North
Carolina, and married Miss Richmond, whose
ancestors founded the town of Richmond, Va.
To this couple was born William (the father of
Thomas A.), who married Louise Ish, of Ten-
nessee, the daughter of William Ish, also a Ten-
nesseean. Besides Thomas A., there were in
the family six other children, who profited by
the prosperity and good fortune of their father,
William. The family came to California when
Thomas A. was ten years of age, he having been
born in Jackson county. Mo., at Independence.
January 24, 1849. The journey west was made
overland, and the belongings of the family were
augmented by one thousand head of cattle, suc-
cessfully driven over the plains, and which
formed the nucleus of large stock-raising enter-
prises later conducted in Merced and Contra
Costa counties. In the latter county the family
owned two thousand acres of land. William
I^ice was a fine and courtly southern gentleman,
whose death in 1885 left an irreparable vacancy
in the hearts of all who had been the recipients
of his bounty, the possessors of his friendship,
or the rejoicers in his good fortune and genial
personality.

Well fitted for future responsibility through
educational advantages acquired at a pnvate
school, Tliomas A. Rice embarked upon his first
independent venture as manager of the farm of
four hundred and seventy acres left him by his
father. This beautiful and finely developed bot-
tom land was located three miles from Oxnard,
and to it has been added by more recent pur-
chase until the acres composing it aggregate
nine hundred. A more thoroughly up-to-date
property cannot be conceived of. a truly splen-
did ranch, with a whole village of ranch houses
of modern construction, as well as a school
house. The residence on the ranch is worthy

570

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of its surroundings, is built after the most ap-
proved plans, and is fitted with electric bells,
gas, hot and cold water, and most artistic and
harmonious finishings. Beautified to the extent
of the landscape gardeners' art are the grounds
of this luxurious Southern California home, and
surrounding hedges add that touch of intimacy
and seclusion in keeping with the social stand-
ing, tastes, and requirements of those who live
upon its fertile acres, and are an integral part
of this development of nature. Although at
the present time the fertile lands are rented out
with the exception of a twenty-five acre walnut
ranch, Mr. Rice still has a general supervision
over his property, and no one more than he
awaits the prolific harvests which never fail in
their mission or depart from the uniformity of
their abundant measure. In addition to a gen-
eral farming industry there were raised in 1900
six hundred acres of beets, and there is always
maintained in the pastures a fine showing of
blooded horses, both driving and draft.

Possessing an inborn capachy for noting and
improving the surrounding opportunities, it is
not surprising that Mr. Rice should appreciate
the advantages in the sugar-beet industry, and
should assiduously work for the accomplishment
of the best results. Before Oxnard became the
headquarters for one of the largest (and by far
the best appointed) factories in the world, he
worked incessantly for weeks to make it pos-
sible to have the factory located here, by secur-
ing the requisite guarantee of ten thousand
acres devoted exclusively to beet culture. How
admirable was this forethought has been repeat-
edly demonstrated, and the presence in its midst
of this really wonderful manufactory has in-
creased the value of land one hundred per cent.
One hundred acres accommodate the enter-
prise. This land was formerly owned by Mr.
Rice but was sold to the Beet Sugar Com-
pany. He still owns two hundred and fifty acres
located on either side of the factory, and which
is devoted to the raising of beets. In addition
to his other activities he is a director and large
stockholder in the Bank of Oxnard.

Formerly presiding over his ideal rural home
was the first Mrs. Rice, ncc Lilian Flournoy, of
Santa Clara county, and daughter of Thomas
Flournoy. of Danville, Contra Costa county.
Mrs. Rice, who died in 1897, was the mother of
four children, viz: Blanche, who is a graduate
of Mills College, class of 1900; Madge, who is
attending Mills College; Alvin, who is attending
St. Mathew's School, at San Mateo; and Merrill.
who is at Mills and is preparing for college.
Beyond all else save the splendid training in
their home, Mr. Rice values the best possible
education for his children, and he is prepared to
develop and encourage the latent talent, and
furnish any advantage for culture and improve-
ment. Exampled is his theory of broad-minded

l)rogressiveness by the advantages afiforded his
daughter, who, upon her graduation from Mills
College, accompanied Air. and Mrs. W. G. Pat-
terson and daughter on an extended European
tour which included Japan and other Oriental
countries. In 1899 Air. Rice married Mrginia
Moriarty, of San Jose, and the wedding jour-
ney combined the pleasures incident to the oc-
casion with the responsibilit}' as delegate to
Honolulu, in the capacity of horticultural in-
spector, appointed by Governor Gage.

In politics Mr. Rice is a Democrat, and in the
latter '80s served for a term as county super-
visor. In November of 1890 he was elected
state assemblyman, and had the unusual honor
of running three hundred votes ahead of his
ticket. At the last state convention of the
Democratic party he declined the nomination
for lieutenant-governor. He is at the present
time horticultural commissioner of the state of
California. Air. Rice has taken an active part in
the Alasonic history of Southern California. He
was made a Alason in Hueneme. and is now a
member of the \'entura Chapter and Comman-
dery and Alystic Shrine, Al Alalakiah Temple,
of Los Angeles. The precepts and teachings of
the noble order Air. Rice has exemplified in his
daily intercourse with his fellowmen, and he
stands to-day as a typical embodiment of a pro-
gressive American citizen.

B. FRANK DENNEY BITHER. There is
a tradition in the Either family to the effect that
many generations ago a boy was stolen from his
home and placed on board a ship bound for
.America. The child was so small that he could
give no intelligible account of himself, nor did
he know his name. However, he displayed
■■-uch a desire to bite everyone who came near
him that he was called Either, and in this way
the family name originated. Tlie family was
early established in Alaine, where was born and
reared Tyler Either, a fanner of Aroostook
county, who in 1854 braved the perilous voyage
to California via Cape Horn and for a few years
mined there. A later enterprise was the hotel
business, aftcF which he improved a farm near
Hill's Ferry. In the fall of 1876 he settled near
Alontalvo. Ventura county, and bought one hun-
dred acres, he subsequently cultivated about
three hundred acres of adjoining land. (In sell-
ing that property he came to Santa Barbara and
in 1888 bought the Santa luirbara soda works.
.At first he was a member of the firm of CofTman
& Either, but in 1892 he bought his partner's
interest and thereafter continued alone until he
died, in January, 1809. Fraternally lie was an
Odd Fcliow and in politics a Republican. His
wife, Sarah J., was a daughter of Aloses Ward,
who died at ninety-one years. She was born
in Alassachusetts, removed thence to Alainc, and
died in Santa Barliara. Of her nine children all

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

571

but two grew to maturity and six are now liv-
ing, all in California.

The youngest son in the family, Ben Frank
Denney Bither. was born in Stanislaus county,
Cal., near Hill's Ferry, November 3, 1869. In
the fall of 1888 he came to Santa Barbara and
entered the employ of CofTman & Bither, where
he remained a few years, meantime gaining a
thorough knowledge of the business. In 1891 he
settled upon a farm in \'entura county. Re-
turning to Santa Barbara two years later, he was
foreman for the asphalt company for two vears,
after which he became manager for his father
in the soda works. On the death of his father
he became sole proprietor and as such has con-
tinued since. In the works are manufactured all
kinds gf soda, which are shipped to adjoining
cities and also sold in laree quantities in the
home town. The plant at No. =;i2 Garden street
is modern in every respect and is fully equipned
with the appurtenances of first-class works. The
success that has attended the business is largely
the result of unwearied application on the part
of the nroprietor, who skives his entire time to
the buildinsr uo of the plant.

Fraternallv A'Ir. Bither is connected with the
Foresters of America and the Fraternal Brother-
hood. November 26. 180=;. he married Miss
Henrietta Bertha Rood, w^hn is the onlv survivor
of the two daughters of Noble and Martha (Ed-
wards') Rood, natives respectively of Kent coun-
ty, Mich., and New York state. The first of the
Rood fam'lv to remove from New England was
her grandfather, Zebulon Rood, a native of Ver-
mont and a pioneer farmer of Michigan. Her
father, also, was a farmer and lived near Big
Rapids, Mich., where she was born. When six-
teen vears of age he enlisted in Company A,
Fourth Michigan Cavalry, and served mostly
as a scout. In a battle his horse was shot under
him and he was thrown sen=pless in a ditch,
where he was cantured by the Confederates. For
eleven months he was a prisoner in Anderson-
ville. not being- released until the close of the
Civil war. Later he settled in Texas, where he
was a farmer and merchant. From there he
came to Santa Barbara in Tulv. 1880, where he
and his wife now make their home. Mr. and
Mrs. Bither have two children, Edgar Rood
and Barbara.

CAPT. HENRY G. BURTON, M. D. While
America was still an unsettled wildernpss the
Burton farr>ilv crossed the ocean from England
and identified tVipmselves with the pioneers of
Connectiriit. When "-nr was declared a£rain=;t
the mother coimtn' FliJah Btirton was anions:
the brave natriots who bnre arms in the cause
of indpnondpnce. After the c'ose of the war he
removed from Connecticut to A^'ermont, accom-
panied bv his family, which included n son. Na-
than. The latter became judge of Bennington

county and one of the most honored men in all
that region. He married Charlotte, daughter of
Dr. Josiah Graves of Connecticut, who served
as sergeant in the Revolutionary war and later
became a physician in Vermont, where he died.
In the family of Judge Nathan Burton was a son,
J. G., who in early life followed farming. The
possession of superior ability brought him into
prominence among his fellow-citizens, and he
vi'as honored by them with election to important
positions. One of his first offices was that of
selectman, later he became a member of the
legislature, and finally was elected to the state
senate, where his service was that of a broad-
minded patriot and able statesman. By his mar-
riage to Ruth, daughter of Titus Sheldon and a
native of Rupert, Vt, he had three sons and
three daughters, all of whom are living but one
daughter. One of the sons, Capt. Titus Sheldon
Burton, came to California in 1856 and engaged
in merchandising in the vicinity of Marysville
and Downeyville, but now makes his home at
Weber Lake, this state. Durina- the Civil war
he raised Company I, of the Eisrhth California
regiment and served as its captain in California
from 1864 to 186.=;.

The younp-est child of Hon. J. G. and Ruth
Burton was Henry Guild Burton, who was born
at Rupert, Vt., October 27. 1846. He was edu-
cated in public schools, the Burr & Burton Sem-
inary of Manchester, Vt., and Fort Edward Col-
lesriate Institute at Fort Edward, N. Y., from
which he was graduated. .'\t the age of twenty
vears he beean to study medicine with Dr. J-
H. Guild of Rupert, and later matriculated in
the medical department of the University of the
City of New York, from which he was graduated
in i86g. During subsequent years he has en-
deavored to keep posted in all developments
made in therapeutics, and as an a-'d thereto he
took a course of lectures in the Post-Graduate
]\Tfdical School of New York Citv in 1881 and
1882 and again in t8oi and 1802. His ini^al ex-
perience as a practitioner was 2-a'ned in Benson.
Vt.. and in the adioinine town of Cast'eton.

Under annointment bv President Grant. Au-
gust 5, 7876. Dr. Burton became assistant sur-
reon. with the rank of first lieutenant, in the
United States armv. F've years later hf was
raitjed to t^e rank of captain, and ront-.'nnpd m the
service without interruntion until Febrnarv K.
180^ when hp was retired on accoimt of disa'^i'i-
tv. Dur-no- h's active servire he ^^•^<: from t876
to T88n stationed af Fort Bowie and Fort Verde.
.Arl'-. Fro"! th^re he was trancferr^^l to the de-
partment of the past and until tSR-? w^s sta-
fJnrK^d in New York ctofp. at T^orts Viap-ara,
A\^nrls"'r.rfh. and Hamilton, From th-it time
unti' 1887 he was in the deparf^pnf nf Dakota.
at Forts Abraham. T i"nrohi and Ascinibo-'n. His
ppxt station was P'at^sburr Barracks. N. Y..
where on account of illness he was given a fur-

572

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

lough of eighteen months. On returning to duty-
he spent a year at David's Island in New York.
Later, for some months, he was stationed at
Vancouver Barracks, Wash. In December, 1890,
he was transferred to San Diego Barracks on ac-
count of iU health and remained there until his
retirement in February, 1892. At the expira-
tion of his long service with the government he
took up private practice in San Diego. A year
later he went to San Francisco as instructor in
ophthalmology and otology in the San Fran-
cisco Polyclinic, and continued there until Jan-
uary, 1897, when he was appointed first assistant
surgeon of the Pacific Branch, National Home
for Disabled \'olunteer Soldiers, and since then
he has been identified with the work at the Sol-
diers' Home. In Benson, \t.. in 1869 he mar-
ried Mary L. Clark, who was born in New Jer-
sey. Wliile in Castleton he held membership
with the Congregational Church. His political
views are in accord with Republican principles.
He is a member of the Sons of the American
Revolution at San Francisco, and along the line
of his profession is associated with the San
Diego County Medical Society and the Amer-
ican Medical Association.

LOMBARD CONKLIN. Foremost among
the honored pioneers of Montecito is Lombard
Conklin, who was born in Tioga county, N. Y..
in 1828, his parents, Jacob and Joanna (Arm-
strong) Conklin, being also natives of Tioga
county. He received a common school educa-
tion in his native state, and in 1843 removed to
Fort Wayne, Ind., at which time that now flour-
ishing town was too insignificant to command
the dignity of a railroad station. Taking up en-
gineering, he followed the ocupation for marty ■
years. In 1856 he came west by way of Pana-
ma and up the coast to San Francisco, eventu-
ally locating at Diamond Springs where he be-
came engineer of the saw mill. When the chill
of winter caused a lull in the sawmill industry
he turned his attention to the mines, and some
experiences not planned by the management fell
to his lot. In the winter of 1857 he was buried
in the hydraulic mines at Dutch Flat, and was
completely covered with dirt for some time be-
fore relieved from his uncomfortable position.

In i860 Mr. Conklin changed his field of activ-
ity to the Comstock mines in Nevada, and also
v.orked in the Aurora mines, as engineer in the
mines and quartz mills. While he filled this po-
sition in the Union mill Samuel Clemens (bet-
ter known as Mark Twain), was an employe of
the mill for several days, .-\fter five years in
Nevada Mr. Conklin took a trip of investigation
and engineering to San Francisco. Gold Hill.
.Silver City and Virginia City, and in 1868 came
to the Montecito valley and purchased a ranch
of seventy acres. This land originally was sold
for forty-eight cents i)er acre or $25.00 for fifty-

two acres. It formerly belonged to the Pueblo
Indians, and was densely covered with oak trees.
The trees have now been removed, and Mr.
Conklin raises hay, stock, and fruit, and has a
fine lemon orchard of Eureka lemons, selling his
fruit to the Santa Barbara Lemon Exchange.
There is also an orchard where all kinds of fruit
are grown, and the house and outbuildings are
of a high order of construction, and quite in
keeping with the natural thrift of the owner. Not
quite convinced of the desirability of a perman-
ent residence on his farm, Mr. Conklin disposed
of the same in 1873, ^"d removed to Sonoma
county, Cal., where he farmed with indifferent
success for three years. He then came back
and re-purchased his original possession, and
has since had no desire to wander frQm his
abundant harvests and well-tilled acres. In
July, 1901, he revisited Sonoma county, Cal.,
and found that the country had not kept pace
with the improvements in Santa Barbara coun-
ty, and that real estate had increased but little
in value in the last quarter of a century.

Mr. Conklin keeps in touch with all advance
in the horticultural line, and is likewise interested
in all that concerns the general improvement of
the valley. In politics he is a Republican, but
has held no office except that of trustee of the
school district, which he filled for several years.
He is an active member of the Santa Barbara
Congregational Church, and has been a teacher
in the Union Sunday School for several years.
A liberal-minded gentleman, he is esteemed by
all who know him, especially by those who have
for years enjoyed his friendship.

BENJAMIN W. DUDLEY. During the
long period of his residence in the Santa Clara
\alley Mr. Dudley has gained many friends and
a high place among the ranchers of his locality.
( )f eastern birth and extraction, he was born
at Canaan, Grafton county, N. H.. May 12, 1844.
and is a son of Timothy B. and Elizabeth K.
(Davis) Dudley, the former a native of \'ermont,
but for many years a resident of New Hamp-
shire. In 1855 the family removed to south-
eastern Iowa, and five years later settled in Fond
du Lac, Wis., where they made their home dur-
ing the Civil war. Being a firm believer in
U^nion principles. Benjamin W. Dudley proved
his patriotism by his enlistment in the Federal
army in 1864, at which time he became a mem-
ber of the First Wisconsin Cavalry, armv of the
Cumberland, under Colonel Harnden. One ex-
perience of war times which he has never for-
gotten was in connection with the capture of
Jeff Davis, in May, 1865. his company having
the honor of finding the Confederate general
when he was in hiding. At the close of the war
he was mustered out at Nashville and returned
{(> his Wisconsin home.

Going to l.ee cnuntv. Iowa, in iSfxi. Mr. Dud-

5 . \\ P^^J^-A^^dUO^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ley embarked in the meat business at Denmark.
While there he often heard of California and the
opportunities which it offered aspiring and ener-
getic men. Finally he decided to seek a home
in the far west, so closed out his interests in
Iowa; Via the Union Pacific Railroad he ar-
rived in California in 1875. Shortly after his ar-
rival he bought forty acres of the Santa Paula y
Saticoy rancho in Ventura county, but soon went
further north in the state. Returning in 1877,
he afterward added one hundred and sixty acres
of land to his forty-acre tract, and for the past
eight years has held a trust deed given in such a
way that should he see fit, he can hold the same
during the balance of his life. The ranch forms
one of the best improved places in the valley.
For a time he followed general farming, making
a specialty of wheat and barley, and he also had
live-stock in considerable numbers. He was a
pioneer in the walnut-growing industry and has
now thirty acres in the soft-shell variety. In
addition, he has forty acres planted in lima
beans, in which industry he was also a pioneer.
Since the organization of the Saticoy Water
Company, he has officiated as its secretary and
much of the time has also acted as manager. A
promoter of the system of sprinkling the country
roads, he has thus enhanced the comfort of the
people of the valley. Another way in which he
has benefited the community was through the
introduction of an ordinance (which was passed)
prohibiting the growth of the morning glory
until seed time, and thus he rid the locality of
what was rapidly becoming a pest.

As a candidate of the Republican party Mr.
Dudley has been elected to various local offices.
In 1883 he was chosen justice of the peace and
held the justice court for the Saticoy district.
From 1887 to 1891 he served as supervisor and
during two years of the time was chairman of the
board. Before his last election the saloons of
Ventura county paid only $64 per year (due
each quarter) ; believing this sum far too low, he
introduced a high license ordinance, which was
passed, thus giving the county $600 per annum
in advance. In recognition of his perseverance
in securing the passage of this ordinance he
became known as the "daddy of high license."
The board of supervisors in 1894 appointed him
commissioner from \'entura county to the San
Francisco midwinter fair. In educational mat-
ters he is warmly interested. Besides being for
six or more years a director of the district
school, he is also a member of the union high
school board of education of \'entura.

In Wisconsin Mr. Dudley married Gertrude
Newell, who died there, leaving a daughter, who
is now Mrs. Carrie N. Nugent, of Chilton, Wis.
His second marriage took place in California,
within one-half mile of his present home, and
united him with Miss Carrie L. Smith. Four
children were born of this union, Laura Alice,

Mary K, Oscar L. and Ethel I. The family
are identified with the Ventura Congregational
Church. Fraternally ]\Ir. Dudley is a charter
member of Gushing Post No. 44, G. A. R., of
which he was elected commander in January,
1 901, and has filled other offices. He is oiie
of the directors of the Rochdale Co-operative
store. Always active in temperance work, he is
president of the Anti-Saloon League of Ventura
county and was one of the main promoters of the
test case of L. Serf. vs. Ventura county. With
but limited means when he came to this county,
besides which he was hampered by ill health,'
not only has he regained his health, but he has'
also been successful in his undertakings, and
now occupies a place among the prosperous
ranchers of Ventura county.

W. F. WICKENDEN. The mercantile inter-
ests of Los Alamos are well represented by W.
F. Wickenden, one of the successful and enter-
pnsmg general merchants of the county of
Santa Barbara. A westerner by birth, training
and education, he was born in San Luis Obispo,
June 5, 1861, a son of Frederick Wickenden,
who came to this county in 1889, and still is a
rancher on a very extensive scale. His educa-
tion was acquired in the public schools, supple-
mented by a course at St. Mary's College, from
which he was graduated with' honors in 1882.
For a number of years he afterwards lived on
his father's ranch, and learned to be a practical
and scientific farmer.

• An early adaptability to general business con-
vinced Mr. Wickenden that he would find his
greatest sphere of usefulness and success in that
field, -and in 1889 himself and brother, J. D..
opened a general mercantile establishment in
this town. Their plans were wisely laid and
their honest financial methods and correct esti-
mate of what would be generally required se-
cured for them an extended patronage, not only
in the town but in the surrounding country. In
addition to their general trade they for many
years furnished the Alcatraz Mining Company
with provisions, an important item of profit in
itself. The responsibilities of Mr. Wickenden
vv-ere increased in 1899 by the death of his
brother, J. D., on April 29th, since which time
he has been the sole owner of the business, and
has greatly increased his stock. He has now
added hardware and agricultural implements to
his general necessities, and contemplates branch-
ing out even further as the demand increases.
His establishment is a well conducted, neat and
orderly place, where goods may be bought at
a figure consistent with reasonable profit, and
of the best quality procurable. In addition, the
owner thereof has another store at Carey, run
on much tlie same lines, but less extensive.

The marriage of Mr. Wickenden and Mar-
garet Sauer occurred in San Luis Obispo in

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1883. Mr. Wickenden is a believer in the
higher education, and is giving his children
every advantage within his power. The three
oldest are now attending high school. A
stanch Democrat, Mr. Wickenden had never
desired public office, although often called upon
lo fill positions of trust. When twenty-one
vears of age he was a candidate for county re-
corder, and was defeated by only fourteen
votes. Fraternally he is associated with the
Ancient Order of United Workmen, Lodge No.
219, at Los Alamos. He is a man of fine prin-
ciple and unquestioned integrity, and is highly
regarded by the community in which he lives.

JAMES H. CRANE. This citizen of \'en-
tura, who is now enjoying a well-earned relaxa-
tion from business cares, was born in Caldwell,
N. Y., January 7, 1824. The family of which he
is a member is of Scotch extraction, the first em-
igrants from their native land having settled in
New Jersey, where they became prominently
identified with the growth of their respective
localities. ^lajor Nathaniel S. Crane, the father
of James H., was born in New Jersey, and be-
came one of the wealthiest men in his county,
if not in the state. He was a railroad contractor,
and built the ]\Iorris canal and the Erie Railroad,
and was incidentally a farmer and successful fi-
nancier. By meritorious service during the war
of i8i2 he was raised to the rank of major, and
his whole life was filled with worthy undertak-
ings, quite in keeping w-ith his powerful physi-
que and mentality. He died in New Jersey
at the age of eighty-four years. Twice married,
he raised six children by each marriage. The
mother of James H. Crane was July Hedges,
who was born in Connecticut and died in New
Jersey.

Inheriting his father's business ability, James
H. Crane began at a comparatively early age
10 earn his own living, and in New Jersey, where
he was reared and educated, engaged in fann-
ing and stock-raising. His weather eye, open
for opportunities, foresaw the waiting chances
in the west, and in 1852 he boarded the good
ship Daniel Webster, in New York harbor, and
made the trip to San Francisco, via Nicaragua,
Leland Stanford being a fellow passenger. Ar-
riving in California he engaged in mining on the
North Fork of the American river, at Union-
town, but soon forsook the uncertainties of
mining for the occupation of freighting. With
a team of six fine horses, and a wagon which
bore the inspiring name, "Pro Bono Publico,"
he began the conveyance of goods and chattels
over the rough country roads, and into the min-
ing camps. In 1855 he returned to New Jersey,
taking the same route by which he came and
finding his way back to Caldwell, N. J. There he
engaged in many enterprises, all equally success-
ful. His responsibilities included large real es-

tate transactions, traffic in farms, horses, stock,
and loans, the carrying on of mercantile busi-
ness, and the supervision of the management of
three or four farms. He also owned land in Mont
Clair, where he was prominent in business cir-
cles, and where he held numerous local offices.
In 1887 Mr. Crane returned to California and
located in X'entura, where for a time he engaged
in real estate and loans, but from which he
eventually retired. He has a pleasant and hos-
pitable home on Poll street. His wife was, be-
fore her marriage, Abbie D. Harrison, and is a
native of New Jersey, and a relative of William
Henry Harrison. To Mr. and Mrs. Crane have
been born two children, Ella, and William, who
died at the age of almost two years. Ella, the
wife of Thomas Gould, and the mother of two
children, Thomas C. and Olive Gould, is a flori-
culturist of national reputation; her petunias
are said to be the finest in the world, and the
demand for them has extended to all countries.

THOMAS A. CRAVENS. Prominent among
those who for years enjoyed to the utmost the
advantages to be found in Southern California,
and whose declining days were brightened by
the consciousness of having well performed their
part in developing her resources, was Thomas
A. Cravens, whose latter life was centered in
the beautiful Carpinteria valley, and whose death
February 29, 1888, at the age of sixty years, re-
moved a worthy citizen, a stanch friend, and a
loving husband and father.

Until his twenty-first year Mr. Cravens lived
in Marion county, Ala., where he was born
in 1828, a son of Dr. Jesse P. and Lucretia
(Curry) Cravens, the former of whom was a
prominent physician in Alabama. Dr. Cravens
stood high in professional circles in the south
and made a success of the calling for which he
was so well fitted. He also was an appreciator
of the climate of California, and he spent four
years here with his son,T.A.,his death occurring
in 1886, at the home of another son, M. Cravens,
in Texas. Thomas A. was the oldest of eight
children, and he was reared on the old home-
stead and received a practical education in the
public schools. In 1849, when twenty-one years
of age, he shared the popular excitement over
the discovery of gold in California, and braved
the perils of an overland trip across the plains
through Mexico and Arizona to San Diego, from
where he took a small boat to San Francisco.

On the American river Mr. Cravens engaged
in placer mining with fair success. Later he en-
gaged in the lumber and milling business at Eu-
reka, owning his own mills and carn,ing on a
large business. For several years he farmed in
Sonoma and Santa Cruz counties, and in 1869
came to the Carpinteria valley, and bought sixty-
nine acres of pueblo lands, covered w^ith brush
and live oaks. His industry soon wrought a won

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

577

derful change in the appearance of things, and,
cleared of the timber, the land stretched into
ijroad fields whereon were planted lima beans,
among the first in the neighborhood. To this
farm he gave his undivided attention until his
death, and the improvements and general well
being were a source of continued pride to him.
His public spirit was never questioned, and he
generousl)- contributed toward the maintenance
of any just and worthy cause. A strong Demo-
crat, he took an active part in the undertakings
of his party in Santa Barbara county. He was
ambitious in promoting the cause of education
while serving on the school board and assisted
in building the school house. He was a Knight
of Pythias, and was chancellor of his lodge.

Like so many men who come into a new coun-
try and endeavor to make a place for themselves
in the community, Mr. Cravens owed much of
his success to the assistance of his wife, who was
formerly Elizabeth J. Humes, a native of Mis-
souri, and daughter of David B., a native of
South Carolina. The father emigrated to Mis-
souri about 1826, and came over the plains to
California in 1852, locating near Marysville, Yu-
ba county, where he lived for twelve years, re-
moving thence to Santa Cruz county, where his
death occurred m 1884. He was an influential
man, and successful as an agriculturist. To
Mr. and Mrs. Cravens were born the following-
children: Kittie, who is the wife of John Ball-
ard, of Carpinteria; Lulu, at home; Fannie, who
is married to Lawrence Bailard; Thomas, a resi-
dent of Sonora, Mexico; George, a farmer in
the Carpinteria valley ; Mark, who is working
the home farm; and Archie, who is at El Rio,
Ventura county. Since her husband's death
Mrs. Craven has proved her ability as a man-
ager, and has not only kept the place in good
order, but has made extensive improvements
thereon. The farm is now composed of one
hundred and twenty-six acres. Among the prod-
ucts of her land are walnuts, to which twenty
acres have been planted, and there is also a
family orchard. Besides these she raises large
quantities of beans and corn. She has a pleas-
ant home and is liked and respected by all who
know her worth.

ROBERT DEVINE. A life filled with many
thrilling experiences in mining camps and on the
frontier has been crowned by an old age of com-
fort, and in the twilight of his useful existence
Mr. Devine is enjoying a deserved relaxation
from the cares that once engrossed his time.
The ranch which he owns and occupies consists
of fifty acres of valuable land at Tropico, a por-
tion of which he bought in 1882, later acquiring
the balance of the property. Deciduous fruits
and figs are here raised, but his specialty is the
raising of grapes and thirty-eight acres are

planted in the finest varieties that California
can produce.

To those acquainted with Mr. Devine it is
always a pleasure to meet him when he is in a
reminiscent mood and hear him tell of incidents
connected with the pioneer days of California
or of his childhood days in county Tyrone, Ire-
land. He was born October 30, 1834, and is
the eldest among three, and one of the five chil-
dren of Robert and Sarah ^ilargaret (McGrevy)
Devine, who were born in county Tyrone. His
education was secured in the national schools
and he grew to manhood on a farm. In 1855 he
set sail on the Great Western from Liverpool
and after six weeks arrived in New York. From
that city he proceeded on the Illinois to the
Isthmus of Panama, which he crossed on the
railroad, and then came up the Pacific on the
Golden Age, which anchored in San Francisco
January 13, 1856. At once he set out for the
niines at Shasta, Trinity county, later going to
Siskiyou county and mining on the Sacramento
river. During 1862, when the Salmon river ex-
citement drew thousands of miners to Idaho, he
started for that region, going Irish tandem (one
foot before the other) and engaged in mining
and prospecting there. He was among the first
hundred who, under Capt. Jeff Stanford, went
into Boise City. All of these men were heavily
armed, as a protection against hostile Indians,
who had killed many white men shortly before
their arrival. Their watchfulness was continued
all during their prospecting days, for the red
men were constantly on their trail.

As a prospector Mr. Devine met with many
hardships and was often in great peril. At one
time he and several comrades were on the buf-
falo hemp, for four days without food, and their
sufferings were increased by the fact that the
snow had blinded them. Despair seized upon
them. Their hopes of rescue grew fainter with
each passing hour. Finally, as they roamed
around sightless, they heard the bleating of a
flock of sheep and followed the sound until they
came up to the shepherd, whom they entreated to
sell them a sheep. Meeting with a rough re-
fusal, Mr. Devine (the only one of the party who
was able to see) shot one' of the sheep and pro-
ceeded to cook it, afterward paying the herder
$10 for the animal. Strengthened by partaking
of the meat, the men gained courage and soon
found their way back to camp. More than once
when far away from food and shelter, Mr. De-
vine has given his horse his last loaf of bread,
in order that the animal might be sustained un-
til they reached civilization. Of those days it
is his testimony that more sympathy existed be-
tween the rough, uneducated miners than can be
found in the more polished society of today. The
latch always hung on the outside. Hospitality
was unstinted and warm. Doors and window's
were never locked, yet robberies were almost

5^8

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

unknown, and the confidence reposed in
strangers was seldom violated.

Abandoning the placer mines in 1873 Mr. De-
vine came to Southern California and settled in
Los Angeles, after which he engaged in pros-
pecting at Mojave and Soledad until he came
to his present ranch. In Los Angeles he mar-
ried Miss Eleanor G. Chapman, who was born in
Ontario, Canada. They have four living chil-
dren, Robert, Lela, Mabel and Florence. One
daughter, Janet, died at two months, while an-
other, Jean, who was a graduate of a business
college, died at twenty-two years of age. The
family are connected with the Episcopal Church
at Tropico. Ever since becoming a citizen of
the United States Mr. Devine has voted with the
Democrats and he has done considerable work
on the town committee of the party, besides
which he has serv^ed as trustee of school No.
10 in Tropico district. In order to visit his
father and other relatives, in 1867 he returned to
Ireland via the Nicaragua route, Santiago de
Cuba and New York, and spent a month in re-
newing the associations of youth; but, while
loyal to his native land, he returned to California
firm in the faith that no region approaches this
in the opportunities which it offers men of en-
ergy and determination.

THOMAS H. ELLIOTT. There are few if
any people now living in Santa Monica whose
settlement in this city antedates that of Mr. El-
liott, a pioneer of September, 1876. As is gener-
ally known, this city was founded by United
States Senator John I'. Jones and Col. R. S.
Baker, who began the erection of a wharf and
liotel in Alarch, 1875. For some years the
growth of the town was slow, but it was steady,
and thus Mr. Elliott found sufficient encourage-
ment to inspire him to remain here. With the
exception of a few years (principally spent in the
mines of Mono county) he has continued to make
Santa Monica his home to the present day, but
has not limited himself to the occupation in
which he first engaged. As proprietor of a store
on Third street he was actively interested in
business for some years, later was in the team-
ing and transfer business, and in 1901 opened a
feed and fuel store on Tliird street, which he
now conducts.

In Crawford county, Pa., Mr. Elliott was
born November 10, 1836, being the oldest
child of John Elliott by his marriage to Mrs.
Mary (Porter) Cowan. The first eighteen
years of his life were spent in Pennsylvania,
whence in 1854 he accompanied the family to the
central west, and found employment at the car-
penter's trade. In March. 1855, he accompanied
them in another removal, this time to Kansas,
where his father died in April, i860; thirty-five
years later the wife and mother died in Santa
Monica, Cal., when eighty-seven years of age.

By her first marriage she had three children,
two now living, and by her second marriage
eleven children were bom, seven surviving. One
of the latter is Robert P. Elliott, of Santa Alon-
ica, who is represented on another page.

As a carpenter Thomas H. Elliott was em-
ployed in the construction of the first sawmill
in X'alley Falls, Kans.. and helped to saw the
lumber used in building the pioneer houses of
ihat locality. For seventeen years he followed
his trade in the same locality, and meantime,
during the war, he served in the Kansas state
militia and under Captain Cowan went out
against Price. From Kansas he came to Cali-
fornia in 1875 and almost constantly since then
he has been identified with Santa Monica's busi-
ness interests. From the organization of the Re-
publican party he has been a believer in its prin-
ciples. Among the most thrilling recollections
of his life are those connected with the strife
between the free-state and pro-slavery advocates
in Kansas, where more than once his pro-
nounced abolition views brought upon him the
enmity of southern sympathizers. \Vhile'he was
living in Kansas his marriage occurred. Miss
Sarah A. Wiser of JefTerson county becoming
his wife. She was bom in Center county,
Pa., and came west with Benjamin Wiser,
her father, who was a Kansas pioneer. Born
of their union are the following children: W.
W., who is a contractor in Prescott, Ariz.; Mrs.
Mary A. Hull, of Santa ]\Ionica; Artie, deceased;
Katie, I., wife of A. F. Johnston, a prominent
merchant of Santa Monica; A. P., engaged in
the building business at Prescott, Ariz.; Elva, a
correspondent of the Los Angeles Herald; and
Mrs. Gracie G. Rogers, of Santa Monica.

JAMES F. HEARTWELL. The Heartwell
family is of eastern ancestry. Hon. J. B. Heart-
well, who is the father of James F., was born in
Geneva, N. Y., and there grew to manhood and
engaged in the banking business. Later, remov-
ing to Des Moines, Iowa, he became prominent
in banking circles there.

Born in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1873, James F.
Heartwell was six years of age when his parents
removed to Hastings. Neb., and there he re-
ceived a public school and collegiate education,
also the training in business which fitted him for
contact with the world's activities. Together
with his brother, Charles L., in 1891 he pur-
chased forty acres of orange land on Center
street in Highgrovc, Cal. Immediately after-
ward they set out the land in citrus fmit. The
orchard is known as .-\ltamesa grove (meaning
"high tableland"), and is the first tract set out
under the Riverside Highland Water Company's
system. At the present time it is one of the
finest groves under that system. Thirty acres
are in oranges and ten in lemons. Tlie annual
output averages twelve thousand boxes. The

^^ryiA/i^ G^Py^i^y^^ ^ ' o^iJOi^^ eAJi^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

581

oranges are a high grade of navels. The build-
ings are of modern and convenient construction.
The grove is surrounded by a beautiful hedge,
three sides of which are of cypress and the
fourth of eucalyptus.

MRS. EMMA C. HARDACRE. The ro-
mantic history of California during the early
days of its Spanish settlement has attracted the
attention of many able writers, less famous, per-
haps, than the celebrated Helen Hunt Jackson,
whose romance "Ramona" is the most powerful
of all the works that depict past conditions in
this region. In times past, however, the initials
"E. H." were only little less known than those
of "H. H." and many gained their first accurate
impressions concerning western life through the
articles appearmg, in various newspapers and
periodicals, under this signature. Having gained
the cosmopolitan knowledge that only wide
travel imparts, the writer was admirably quali-
fied to depict incidents and scenes in an interest-
ing manner, and her articles embraced descrip-
tions of almost every point of interest in our
entire country. The possession of literar}' gifts
drew to her the friendship of well-known au-
thors, among them Mrs. Jackson, whom she met
for the first time on the occasion of her first
visit to California, and when Mrs. Jackson was
gathering material for "Ramona." The friend-
ship thus formed continued until the death of
Mrs. Jackson, whom it was Mrs. Hardacre's
privilege to visit in her home at Colorado
Springs and accompany her in many expeditions
to places her facile pen made famous, particu-
larly Cheyenne mountain, where, amid the wild
and lonely surroundings, she drew the inspira-
tion for many of her prose and poetical pro-
ductions, and where finally, at her request, her
body was laid to rest.

Mrs. Hardacre is a member of the Chamber-
lain family that traces its ancestry to the May-
flower and were early residents in Massachu-
setts. Her grandfather, Timothy Chamberlain,
Sr., was born in Salem, Mass., and engaged in
contracting in that state and in New York City,
but after settling in Morgan county. 111., he en-
gaged in raising silk worms, owning a mulberry
grove three miles southeast of Jacksonville. He
was past eighty at the time of his death. His
wife was a daughter of Capt. Thomas Dennis,
an officer in the Revolutionary- war. Their son,
Timothy, Jr., also born in Salem, engaged in
farm pursuits in Illinois and later became a mer-
cliant in Jacksonville, where he died at more
than eighty years of age. It is from him that
Mrs. Hardacre inherits her love for literary pur-
suits, as he possessed ability as a descriptive
and narrative writer.

The mother of Mrs. Hardacre was Letitia
Howells Buckley, who was born in Illinois and
there died. Her father, James Buckley, was a

native of New Jersey and a pioneer of Illinois;
her mother was a member of the Howells fam-
ily, of Newark, N. J. Mrs. Hardacre was one of
five children, the others being named as follows:
May, wife of Leslie Kellogg, of Santa Barbara:
Nettie, wife of William L. Mason, of Denver,
Colo.; Fannie, wife of W. B. Metcalf, of Santa
Barbara; and Dennis B., a resident of St. Louis,
Mo. Mrs. Hardacre was given excellent ad-
vantages in her girlhood, and is a graduate of
Jacksonville Academy. October i, 1863, she
became the wife of George W. Hardacre, who
was born in Troy, Ohio, and after coming to
Illinois studied law under Judge Thomas
Springer. For some years he carried on a gen-
eral practice in Bloomington, but later went to
Cincinnati, where he has acquired large prop-
erty interests and has become known as an able
and successful lawyer. In addition to his prop-
erty in Ohio, he has interests in San Diego, Cal.
For years he has been a leading Republican of
Ohio, and, during his service of two terms in
the Ohio state senate, he formed the acquaint-
ance of almost every prominent worker in his
party. Fraternally he is .a Knight Templar
Mason.

From the time that Mrs. Hardacre first saw
California, in 1876, she was interested in the
state. Its history, its resources, its climate and
its people all attracted her; and although in
succeedmg- years she traveled much, her old
affection for the far west still remained. In
1875, as a correspondent of the Louisville
Coiirier-Jounial, she wrote the first letters
from the coast for that paper. Not only did
her work prove satisfactory to Henry Watter-
son, the editor, but it attracted the attention of
Wilbur F. Story, of the Cliicago Times, which
at that time was one of the most influential and
most widely-read newspapers in the United
States. Mr. Story wrote, offering her $40 per
week as descriptive writer on the staff" of the
Times. She accepted the position and, in the
interests of the paper, traveled through the en-
tire east, after which she spent eighteen months
as Washington (D. C.) correspondent of the
Times, during the administration of R. B.
Hayes. After three years with the Times she
accepted a place on the Nezv York Herald, and,
as correspondent traveled with the government
-survey in Montana and Utah, going through the
Black Flills, Wind River mountains, and Yel-
lowstone Park, which at that time had not been
made a national park. While there the Indians
scattered the members of her party, and for
weeks each feared for the fate of the other.
Finally the Indians were driven out by soldiers,
and visits to the region were then attended by
less danger. On resigning from the Herald
Mrs. Hardacre went to Cincinnati, where she
wrote regularly for the Commercial Gazette,
under Murat Halstead. Among her other

582

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

articles was one on the cliff dwellers, published
in Scribner's; and one that appeared in the
same magazine in July, 1878, entitled "The Wild
Woman of San Nicolas Island," which narrated
the history of a woman who had been alone on
the island' for eighteen years and was finally
rescued by Captain Nidiver. At this writing she
is engaged in the preparation of a work giving
in detail the history of the early inhabitants of
Santa Barbara, as well as other California
towns.

The permanent removal of Mrs. Hardacre to
Santa Barbara was hastened by a sunstroke
that rendered further residence in Cincinnati
impossible, and, in her search for a location
where the climate would prove beneficial, she
found this city offered exceptional advantages,
and in 1891 came here. The many interests of
Mr. Hardacre in Cincinnati render imprac-
ticable a present change of residence, but it is
their hope at some future time to have a home
in Santa Barbara, where the twilight of their
lives may be passed. Their daughter, Winifred,
who is a graduate of Georgetown Convent, is
now the wife of Frank Maguire, a merchant of
Santa Barbara.

Various organizations of a literary and jour-
nalistic nature number Mrs. Hardacre among
their members. At the time that Dr. Belle
Reynolds was president of the Woman's Parlia-
ment of Southern California, she served as its
secretary and is still a member. She is a char-
ter member of the Cincinnati Woman's Press
Club and at one time was connected with the
Woman's Press Club of Southern California.
At this writing she is a vice-president of the
Santa Barbara Natural History Association.
For nine years she has been secretary of the
Cottage Flospital Association, in which impor-
tant work she is deeply interested. The prin-
ciples of the Republican party have always
received her support, but in all her reportorial
work there has been no display of partisan
spirit. Her writings have been for the people,
irrespective of political faith or religious creed.
Since she suffered sunstroke she has been
forced to relinquish much of her work, but she
still wields a ready pen and still finds descrip-
tive writing one of the greatest pleasures of her
life.

MOSES HOSTETTER. On coming to
Santa Monica in 1893, Mr. Hostetter purchased
twenty acres, to which he later added fifty-four
acres, and still later seven more acres, but he
has since disposed of fifty-four acres, so that his
possessions now aggregate twenty-seven acres,
the tract lying one and one-half miles south-
east of the city. During 1893 he also bought
his homestead on Lake and Beach and
erected a commodious residence overlooking
the ocean. Besides carrying on horticultural

pursuits, he is filling every duty as a citizen and
maintaining a warm interest in measures for the
development of his home town. During the
four years (1896-1900) of his service as a mem-
ber of the board of trustees, he served as chair-
man of the police com.mittee and the fire and
light committee, besides acting as a member of
others. During his term the sewer system was
built, which has added so greatly to the welfare
of the town, and in this measure he was deeply
interested.

The Hostetters are an old Pennsylvania fam-
ily. Joseph Hostetter, who was born in Somer-
set county, that state, became a pioneer of
Holmes county, Ohio, where he improved a
farm and remained until his death at sixty-six
years. During the early days he and his family
were once driven back toward Pittsburg by the
Indians and were forced to find refuge in the
blockhouse. His wife was Susan ]\Iast, who was
born in Pennsylvania and died in Ohio. They
had ten children, all but three of whom attained
mature years. The following are now living:
Daniel, who is eighty-six years of age, and
makes his home in Tuscarawas county, Ohio;
David, of Kearney, Neb.; and Aloses, of South
Santa Monica, Cal. The last named was born
in Holmes county, Ohio, August 23, 1823. His
schooling w-as obtained in a log building, with a
mud and stick chimney, and containing the crud-
est furniture, such as slab benches and a writing
desk that ran along the wall. During early
manhood he taught for two months, but with
that exception devoted himself closely to farm
work. In 1846 he removed to Owen county,
Ind., and settled in the midst of a heavily tim-
bered country, where he cleared ten acres and
planted a crop. However, finding the climate
unhealthful, he decided to leave, and in the fall
moved to Green county, Wis., where he im-
proved a farm near Springgrove. Tlie year
1849 found him a pioneer of Winneshiek county,
Iowa, where he took up a claim and improved a
farm. So prosperous were his undertakings
that he finally acquired more than seven hun-
dred acres of valuable land. During the forty-
four years of his residence in that county he
helped to build the first schoolhouse, held vari-
ous local offices, served as a member of the
county central committee of the Democratic
party, and as a delegate to local and state con-
ventions; also for years was president of the
Home Fire Insurance Company, in the organ-
ization of which he assisted. While living in
Wisconsin he married Miss Alary Brandt, who
vv'as born in Ohio. Their only son, William M.,
is a resident of South Santa Monica. In Iowa
]Mr. Hostetter was initiated into Masonry by
being made a member of Union Band Lodge
No. 66, A. F. «& A. M. Personally he is a man
of integrity, perseverance and determination,
and the competence which he now enjoys is the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

583

merited result of years of earnest and unremit-
ting industry.

JOHN M. NiDEVER. By his intelligent in-
dustry and devotion to the welfare of Santa Bar-
bara county, Mr. Nidever has gained the esteem
of acquaintances and a fair competence as well.
He was born in Arkansas, and is a son of John
and Polly (Vernon) Nidever. His father, a
Pennsylvanian by birth, crossed the plains from
Texas to CaHfornia in 1853, and settled in Santa
Barbara. On the hill where now stands the
Biehl mansion he built a house, and afterward
gave his attention to the stock business, with
gratifying success. At the lime of his death.
May 31, 1873, at the age of seventy-six years,
he was quite well-to-do, as fortunes were reck-
oned at that time. His wife had died August
19, 1871, at the family home in Santa Barbara.
They were the parents of thirteen children, of
whom the following survive: Ebenezer, of El
Monte, Cal.; John M., whose home is near Car-
pinteria: Mrs. Nancy Keezer, of New Mexico;
Mrs. Mary Vance, of Santa Barbara; Jacob,
living in Ventura; Mrs. Rebecca ChafYee, a res-
ident of Ventura; and Henry, whose home is in
Orange county. Three others, George, Jack-
son and David, of Santa Barbara, reached ma-
turity, but are now deceased.

When the family came to California, John M.
Nidever was only a boy, hence his life has been
mostly passed in the far west. In 1864 he bought
a ranch in Carpinteria valley and now owns one
hundred and fifty acres at Serena, all of which
is under a high state of cultivation. His special
products are beans, hay and grain. In the large
orchard are grown many kinds of fruit for home
consumption. Mr. Nidever is thoroughly con-
versant with the best methods of conducting a
farm, and his intelligent oversight is responsi-
ble for the uniformly excellent crops and the
many evidences of prosperity by which he is
surrounded. In a general way he has accom-
plished much pioneer work and has given his
influence to the schools and other aids to prog-
ress.

In 1862 Mr. Nidever married Martha Jane
Callis, a native of Texas, and daughter of Henry
B. and Lucinda (Robinson) Callis. Her father
was born m Virginia, grew to manhood in Ken-
tucky, and died when en route from the latter
state to Texas. _ In 1852 Mrs. Lucinda Callis
came to California, making the trip overland and
enduring innumerable privations and hardships.
Finally, after a journey of nine months, she ar-
rived in Montecito, where she was, with one
exception, the only white woman in the place.
In her long trip across the plains she was ac-
companied by her stepson, William Callis, and
her three children, Robert A., Thomas C. and
Martha Jane. Of her sons, the only sur-
vivor is Robert A., who lives in Ventura

county. This noble and courageous pioneer
woman died at the home of her daughter,
Mrs. Nidever, January 29, 1895, after eighty-
five useful years. To the union of Mr. and Mrs.
Nidever thirteen children were born, ten of
whom are living, namely: George F.; JohnH. ;
David T.; Jacob D.; Vernon M.; Martha Ella,
who is the wife of Johnson Stewart; Lucy, who
married James Lewis; Delia, wife of Glen
Hickey; Idella and Grace, at home.

HENRY NIEMEYER. From the time of
his arrival in California in 1873 until his death
in 1 89 1, Mr. Niemeyer was identified with the
vineyard interests of the vicinity of Los Angeles.
Born in Prussia in 1820, he learned the merchant
tailor's trade in boyhood and followed the same
for some years. When twenty-two years of age
he came to America. After a short sojourn in
Cincinnati, Ohio, he went to Guttenberg, Iowa,
where he conducted a merchant tailoring estab-
lishment. From there he came to California and
embarked in the wine manufacturing business,
buying a vineyard on Central, between Ninth
and Twelfth streets. Somewhat later he bought
a tract in the Eagle Rock district and also
planted it in grapes.

At Guttenberg, Iowa, April 28, 1866, occurred
the marriage of Henry Niemeyer to Mrs. Mary
Anne (Weber) Schmees, who was born in Ba-
varia, September 20, 1836. Her father, Nicho-
las Weber, who was a weaver in Bavaria,
brought his family to America in the spring of
1837 and followed gardening in Cincinnati for
eight years. In 1845, while Iowa was still a ter-
ritory, he settled at Guttenberg and began to
farm near that town. The remainder of his life
was passed in that place. His wife, Catherine
(Roth) Weber, was born in Bavaria and died in
Iowa. Of their one son and four daughters,
Mary A. was second and she alone of all the
family now lives in California. Of the voyage
to America she has no recollection, being only
an infant when the family spent sixty-four days
on the ocean, finally landing in New Orleans.
In the schools her education was limited, but in
that great school of experience, usefulness and
labor, she had an abundant education, and thus
were developed traits of kindliness, good will,
energy and perseverance which have stood her
in good stead through all of her life. When six-
teen years of age she left her father's home for
that of her husband, becoming the bride of John
Schmees, a native of Hanover, who came to
-America about 1845, and for a time was cutter
in a tailoring establishment in St. Louis. In
1852 he settled in Guttenberg, where he was
proprietor of a merchant tailor shop until his
death in 1861. Three children were bom of this
marriage, two of whom are living, namely: Wil-
liam N. Schmees, who resides with his mother
at Verdugo; and Mrs. Salome E. Obdulia De-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

laiiey, of Los Angeles. To the union of Mr.
and Mrs. Niemeyer were born four children,
now living, viz.: Elenora, Mrs. Markey, of Los
Angeles ; Atalus, proprietor of a winery on Cen-
tral avenue, Los Angeles; Catherine, Mrs. May,
of Los Angeles; and Linus, who enlisted in the
First California Heavy Artillery and was sent
to the Philippine Islands, where he served until
the expiration of his term of service.

At one time Mr. and Mrs. Niemeyer had ten
acres in Los Angeles, six being in vines and the
balance in an orchard. Of this they gave thirty
feet to Central avenue and a similar amount to
Twelfth street, and also gave sixty feet to Elev-
enth street. In the possession of Airs. Niemeyer
is retained three and one-half acres on Central,
between Ninth and Eleventh streets, and on this
property stands the family residence. In addi-
tion she owns Eagle Rock vineyard, comprising
fifty-eight acres, of which forty-one are in
vines, producing wine and table grapes. The
property is under the personal supervision of
Mrs. Niemeyer and its thrifty appearance proves
her careful and capable oversight. The name
"Eagle Rock" was given by Mr. Niemeyer on
account of the proximity of the tract to the fa-
mous Eagle rock. At the time they bought here
there were no orchards beloM' except one owned
by Mr. Crow, and no attempt had as yet been
made to raise grapes, the entire land for miles
around being used as a sheep range. All of the
subsequent improvement she has witnessed and
has contributed thereto by the capable super-
vision of her property, thus encouraging others
m making similar investments. In religion she
is a member of Cathedral parish of Los Angeles.

REV. JOSEPH NUNAN. The pastor of the
Church of Our Lady of Refuge at Castroville,
Monterey county, was born in San Francisco,
Cal., March 29, 1871. His father, Edward C.
Nunan, was a native of Ireland, and came to
.\merica with several brothers about 1849. At
!hat time the discovery of gold in California was
attracting emigration to the Pacific coast and
in 1850 he joined the hosts of Argonauts jour-
neying via the Isthmus of Panama to the re-
gions where gold had been found. Accompany-
mg him were his brothers, Matthew, Thomas,
James and John. F^or ten years he engaged in
mining in Placer county, and afterward settled
in San F'rancisco, where he was prominently
identified with local commercial interests until
his death in 1889. Of the five brothers who
shared the hardships of the voyage across the
Atlantic and the later expedition to California,
only two are living, Matthew and James. The
former for many years served as sheriff of San
Francisco county. The marriage of Edward C.
Nunan united him with Mary Raycroft Capi-
thorne, who was of English parentage and came
to America during the '50s. Her marriage oc-

curred in San Francisco, where she died in 1875,
leaving one son, Joseph, and two daughters.
One of the daughters is now in the Sacred
Heart convent at Oakland.

The early education of Joseph Nunan was ac-
quired in St. Mary's College, which was at that
time located in San F'rancisco, but has since
been removed to Oakland. After having com-
pleted the classical studies he took the post-
graduate course in the same institution. Later
he became a student in St. Bonaventure's Theo-
logical Seminary, and completed the studies of
that institution. The service of ordination, at
the expiration of his divinity studies in 1893, was
held in Buffalo, N. Y., Bishop Ryan presiding.
F'or eighteen months after completing his theo-
logical studies Father Nunan was engaged as
assistant pastor of the Plaza Church, Los An-
geles. Afterward he went abroad and studied
church law for a year at Toledo University, m
Spain. Upon returning to Los .A.ngeles he re-
sumed his labors as assistant at the Cathedral.
In November of 1896 he was transferred to
Santa Barbara as assistant rector of the Church
of Our Lady of Sorrows, where he remained for
five years. In 1901 he was promoted to the
pastorate of the church at Castroville and has
since made this city his home.

Father Nunan is a member of the Native Sons
of the Golden West. Those who know him
well speak highly of his many noble traits of
character, his intellectual attainments and his
many qualifications for effective work in the
Roman Catholic ministry. Nor is his popularity
confined to his own denomination. Among
Protestants he numbers many friends, who re-
spect his devotion to duty, his desire to promote
tlie spiritual welfare of mankind and his tireless
labors in behalf of his church

ROBERT ORTON. To the pursuit of his
occupation of milling Mr. Orton brought a wide
understanding and a practical experience cover-
ing many years. The city of \'entura was the
scene of his business activity for a considerable
period before his death. A native of Genesee
county, N. Y., Mr. Orton was born March 23,
1834, a son of Roger B. and Clara (Bicknell)
Orton, the former of Scotch descent and born
in New York, and the latter of French and Eng-
lish extraction, and born in Utica, N. Y. When
a small boy he removed with his parents to Ohio,
and from there to Iowa, where he learned the
milling business with his father at Burlington,
after which they removed to Augusta, Iowa, and
built their first saw mill in the midst of the
forest. Their efforts were rewarded by a large
patronage, the mill being devoted for the greater
])art to sawing black walnut, which brought as
high as $10 a thousand feet. For many years
this mill continued to be a busy center of activ-
ity, until the moving spirit of the enterprise, the

/J.7^ ;^^^^--2.?.^l-'<-V--

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

587

elder Orton, die.d in Augusta in 1852, at the age
of fifty-two.

In 1853 Robert Orton looked for new fields
of activity, and removed to the west, locating in
Volcano, Amador county, Cal, where, with two
brothers, he engaged in placer mining for three
years. They averaged an advance of about $200
per day during their stay in Amador county,
and finally disposed of their holdings at a profit.
Mr. Orton then came to Gilroy, Santa Cruz
county, and milled for a large firm, after which
he located in Watsonville, where he bought a
mill and operated the same from i860 until 1870.
While living in Santa Cruz county he was
elected sheriff^ and served for ten years, and
during that time succeeded in arresting some
desperate characters. One man he followed for
eleven hundred and eighty miles, and, single-
handed, arrested him in a saloon, lodged him
in the jail at Salt Lake City, and took him by
train to Ogden and on to California. Mr. Orton
next settled in San Luis Obispo county, and
again went into the milling business. In part-
nership with E. W. Steel he built a one hun-
dred barrel flour mill and operated it for two
years, when he disposed of his interest to Mr.
Steel. After returning to Watsonville, Santa
Cruz county, and operating a mill for a year,
he sold out and removed to Ventura.

The mill at Ventura in which Mr. Orton is
interested and which he manages so successfully
was established by Willits, Chilson & Daily, and
was afterwards bought by Clark & McGuire,
and later by L. J. Rolls & Fargo. Tliey eventu-
ally consolidated and took stock in the Santa
Ana Water Company, on the Ventura river,
three and a fourth miles from Ventura, and
Mr. Orton assumed charge of their enterprises
in 1887. The mill is of the flour, feed and grist
variety, and is the only mill in the county, and
consequently has the trade for many miles
around.

Near Watsonville, Santa Cruz county, in 1861,
Mr. Orton married Elizabeth Hunt, a native of
Missouri, and daughter of John and Julia Hunt.
The Hunt family came to California in 1852,
crossing the plains with ox teams, after which
the parents removed to Bakersfield. The father
still lives, aged eighty-three: the mother died
when seventy-seven years of age. To Mr. and
]\Irs. Orton have been born five children, viz.:
Fred, who for many years worked with his
father, from whom he learned the milling busi-
ness; Edgar, an electrician: Emma J., Mrs.
William Orr, who is the mother of two sons and
one daughter, and whose husband is a miller
by trade and an agriculturist by present occupa-
tion: John, who is engaged in running the pump
station for the city of Santa Barbara: and Lu-
cius, who is fifteen years of age and living at
home. Mr. Orton affiliated with the Republican
jiarty. Fralernall>' he was associated with the

Masons as a Master Mason, with the Odd Fel-
lows, the Red Men, and the Ancient Order of
United Workmen. His death occurred May 21,
1901, and was recognized as a distinct loss to hh
community.

B. F. SPENCER. The town of Nordhoff is
fortunate in the possession of one who embodies
so many admirable traits of citizenship as does
B. F. Spencer, who came to California in 1874,
and whose hopes and ambitions have been cen-
tered in the southern part of the state since the
following year. At first a resident of San Fran-
cisco, he later went to San Jose, and located in
Ventura February 23, 1875. A carpenter by
trade, he successfully followed the same in Ven-
tura until 1882, and, after his removal to Nord-
hoff, until 1889. He then started a lumber yard
for Woodbury & Co., which has the distinction
of being the first and only one ever conducted
in the place, and the circumstances surrounding
its rise to prominence and success were such as
to discourage those less stout of heart and less
determined to succeed. All of the lumber for
the yard was hauled by team from Ventura, a
method of transportation quite remote from
that which is at present employed. The ven-
ture proved a benefit to the town and owner,
and in the manner of its conduct filled a long
felt want. The name of the company is now
the Ventura County Lumber Company.

Not content with the somewhat circumscribed
lumber business, Mr. Spencer branched out into
real-estate in 1896, and has since been equally
successful in this line of activity. He has been
prominent in the public eye for many years, ^nd
held a number of important official and other
positions. A Republican in politics, his first
vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln in 1864,
and he has since neglected no opportunity to
vote the Republican ticket. He was appointed
postmaster under Benjamin Harrison's adminis-
tration, and filled the office to the satisfaction
of all concerned, and he was further honored
by his fellow townsmen by being nominated
for county supervisor in 1884, for which office
he was unfortunately defeated. He is frater-
nally associated with the Masons, having joined
that organization in Illinois in 1864, and he is
a member of the Grand Army of the Republic
at Ventura, a charter member of Post No. 44.
No more ardent friend of education lives in the
county. He has been foremost in projecting im-
provements of all kinds, and was one of the
principal leaders in bringing about the erection
of the new school building in 1895. This school
cost $8,000, is two stories high, and has four
school rooms and one assembly hall. Mr.
.Spencer was also active in securing the Nord-
hoff branch of the .Southern Pacific Railroad,
which has done so much toward the later de
'.elopment of (he town.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

The early life of Mr. Spencer was spent near
New Lexington, Ohio, where he was born in
1843, a son of Edward and Mary (Fowler)
Spencer, natives respectively of New York and
Maryland. The father was a farmer during the
greater part of his life, and was one of the pio-
neer developers of Ohio. There were five chil-
dren in the family, four sons and one daughter,
of whom B. F. was the oldest. At the early
age of fourteen years he left the familiar sur-
roundings in Ohio and removed to Bushnell,
111., where he lived until the breaking out of the
Civil war. He enHsted April 15, 1861, in Com-
pany A, Sixteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry,
and' took part in the battle of New Madrid and
Tippinville, at which latter conflict his regiment
captured more prisoners than they had men in
the brigade. He served in Mississippi, Ten-
nessee and Alabama, and during the last few
months of the war was laid up in a hospital
with pneumonia, and unable to re-enlist. At
Nashville, Tenn., in June of 1864, he was honor-
ably discharged from the army, and at once
returned to his home in Illinois, where he lived
until his removal to California in 1874.

At Lincoln, Neb., in April of 1872, Mr.
Spencer was united in marriage with Rosie
Purchas. and of this union there are five chil-
dren: R. M.; Jennie, now the wife of J. R.
Bald; Herbert; B. F., Jr.; and Maud M.

CHARLES H. PEARSON. One of the en-
thusiastic advocates of the Los Alamos valley
is Charles H. Pearson, who has here found a
field for his activities, and has been equally
successful as a blacksmith, general merchant,
and rancher. In fact, he is one of the pioneers
of the town of Los Alamos, having been inter-
ested, from the time of his arrival in the fall of
187Q. in the general growth of the place, to
which he has contributed no small share.

A native of Canada, Mr. Pearson lived in
'.he northern country until his fifteenth year, re-
ceiving his education in the public schools, and
learning the trade of blacksmith. In the United
States he hved for a time in Vermont. He ar-
rived in California in 1871, and for a few years
traveled through diliferent parts of the state,
endeavoring to decide upon a permanent -loca-
tion. For three years he served as a clerk in
Guadaloupc, leaving there in 187^. and coming
to Los Alamos. He first went into the black-
smithing business with a firm here, and then for
three years ran his own shop. In 1886 he started
a general merchandising business, and built his
own store on the corner of Bell and Centennial
streets. He has a complete line of general mer-
chandise, and a trade in accord with his enter-
prise, honest business methods, tactful manner,
and great desire to please.

From time to time Mr. Pearson lias conn' inln
ihc possession of city and countr\- real estate,

and he has erected a very pleasant home in Los
Alamos, surrounded by shade trees which were
set out by himself. He has large holdings in the
country, owning^ two hundred and fifteen acres
adjoining the town, and a quarter section eight
miles out. He also owns other country prop-
erty, raising thereon principally wheat and bar-
ley, which invariably result in excellent crops.
He has been very active in promoting the eclu-
cational facilities of his town, and has been a
school trustee and clerk for many years. To
him this locality contains all that one could de-
sire of resources, climate, soil and general advan-
tages, and he expects to spend his remaining
days in the sunshine and happy optimism of his
surroundings in this part of the state. He main-
tains that there is plenty of wood, water, oil
and all that is needful for the carrying on of
general enterprises. He is a Republican in pol-
itics, and is a notary public, but has never in-
dulged in political longings. Fraternally he is
associated with Lodge No. 224, I. O. O. F., at
Guadaloupe, Cal. In i8gi Mr. Pearson returned
to the land of his birth and married Nettie Spaf-
ford in August of that year. To Mr. and Mrs.
Pearson have been born two children: Nettie
Elizabeth and Agnes Marion

C. W. RASEY, county recorder of Santa Bar-
bara county, was born in Washington county,
N. Y., in 1856, of Scotch and Holland-Dutch de-
scent, and was a son of a Civil war soldier in the
One Hundred and Twenty- third Infantry from
New York. When a mere boy he learned teleg-
raphy with the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, and was employed as an operator in north-
ern and eastern New York. From there he went
to Denver, Colo., in 1878, and for two years was
employed by the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad
Company. Going to California in 1881, he was
employed in the general offices of the Central
Pacific road in San Francisco, where he held a
position of responsibility aid trust.

During 1887 Mr. Rasey came to Santa Bar-
bara, w'here he has since made his home, and
with the interests of which he has been closely
identified. At first he held a position as ticket
agent for the Santa Fe road, continuing in that
capacity until he resigned to accept the office
of county recorder. In 1894 he was nominated
on the Prohibition ticket. This fact would not
seem indicative of much hope for success, and,
indeed, he was the only one on that ticket who
was elected. His selection for the office was a
tribute to his personal popularity and to the ap-
preciation in which he is held by the people of
the county. His term of four years began in
January, 1895. In the fall of 1898 he was elected.
as an independent candidate, by an increased
majority over Iiis first election, and is still filling
the office, his term to expire in January, 1903.
This county was organized in 1850, and in 1873

£i,lU/;&xn.ji^l<.^^^,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Ventura was cut off, reducing Santa Barbara
county to its present limits. In the recorder's
oi^ce may be found complete records, embrac-
ing altogether three hundred or more volumes,
and the oversight of these records makes the re-
corder a busy man indeed.

In Glens Falls, N. Y., Mr. Rasey married Miss
Alice E. Whedon, who was born in Rutland
county, Yt., and by whom he has two daughters,
Mabel A. and Dorothy W. During his residence
in San Francisco Mr. Rasey was made a Mason
and is now connected with both the blue lodge
and the chapter, besides which he is associated
with the Ancient Order of United Workmen,
Woodmen of the World, the Benevolent Protec-
tive Order of Elks, and the Sons of Veterans.
A member of the Baptist denomination, he is
now serving as a trustee of the church at Santa
Barbara. All public matters pertaining to the
welfare of Santa Barbara receive attention from
Mr. Rasey, who is connected with the Cham-
ber of Commerce and one of the members of the
board of directors, and as such has rendered
valuable services to the city of his adoption.

GEORGE WILLIAM GARCELON. As a
director of the Southern California Fruit Ex-
change, vice-president of the Riverside Fruit
Exchange and president of the Riverside
Heights Fruit Association No. lo, Mr. Garcelon
is closely identified with the citrus fruit indus-
try in this locality. Throughout California he
is often alluded to as the "father" of the lemon
industry in the state, nor have his labors been
less constant in behalf of orange culture. Since
he came to Riverside in 1872 he has engaged
in horticultural pursuits.

Born in New Brunswick, March 18, 1832, Mr,
Garcelon is a son of Harvey and Charlotte
(Sutherland) Garcelon. He was reared in New
Brunswick, where he attended a private school.
At twenty years of age he went to Lewiston,
Me., where he carried on a drug business for
twenty-four years. Having a fondness for
floriculture, he engaged in raising greenhouse
plants and in this way began to long for a more
southern climate. Impelled by this desire to
seek a more genial climate, in 1872 he came to
California and bought nearly thirty acres at
Riverside where he still resides. Alost of the
land he improved, part of whicli is twenty acres
on Brockton avenue.

-■Xs previously intimated, Mr. Garcelon was
one of the first who made a scientific study of
lemons. He noticed that a lemon tree needs
constant care, because it is a continuous bearer
and the lemons therefore have to be gathered
regularly. As the oranges are annual bearers,
people neglected the lemon trees for the others.
However, at that time even oranges were not
raised in Riverside, as it was reported that noth-

ing could be done with them in this locality;
but he set out some trees, gave them every
care, and finally was rewarded by having them
bear an abundance of fruit. The first citrus
fruit fair in the world was held in his house,
which was the first plastered building in River-
side. When the fair was held specimens of
oranges were brought from other localities for
comparison, the various specimens were num-
bered by a committee appointed to prepare
them, and the verdict of those present was a
surprise, as the Riverside oranges were pro-
nounced the best.

Meantime, Mr. Garcelon being interested in
lemons started to work in that business. At
first he budded on a lemon seedling, and it was
not until after an unfortunate experience of sev-
eral years that he learned lemons, to be suc-
cessfully grown, should lie budded on orange
stock. At first lemons were gathered only once
a year, which resulted in unmarketable fruit
and put a damper on the industrj-. Undis-
couraged, he continued his experiments, and
finally attained success. It was the custom to
award premiums on the fruit, and although his
lemons were pronounced good by an inex-
perienced committee he received only the sev-
enth prize at the Riverside fair. However, at a
state citrus fair in Los Angeles the following
week, the same fruit was exhibited, and he was
awarded the first prize of $100 for best exhibit
of lemons and $50 for best box. The state
horticultural board was so interested in his
success that they had him prepare an article de-
scribing his modus operandi in the lemon in-
dustry, and 16,000 copies of this pamphlet were
pubHshed and scattered broadcast at the state's
expense. At the World's Fair in 1893 he had
charge of the Riverside citrus exhibit in the hor-
ticultural building, exhibiting there oranges from
Riverside and also lemons and oranges from
his own ranch. The foreign experts employed
by the managers of the fair claimed that his
exhibit of lemons was a fraud, saying they had
tested them and found them so much better
than any lemons they had ever tasted from
California that they believed he was attempting
to impose on them by exhibiting foreign fruit.
This admission of excellence was what Mr.
Garcelon wanted, for he could easily prove that
it was a genuine California product. He re-
ceived a medal and diploma from the manager
of the World's Fair. Since then he has con-
tinued to advocate the raising of lemons, and
the result is that people began to give more
care to this branch of the citrus industry. No
one is more interested than he in the recogni-
tion of Riverside's fruit as among the best in
the market. During the long period of his resi-
dence here he has become so fond of the place
that he is not satisfied to have it "second best"
in anything, hence he works constantly to raise

590

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the standard of the citrus industry and secure
lor the valley, products that will attract uni-
versal attention and command high prices.

W. H. PECK. The genial and popular ma-
r.ipulator of the United States mail at Lompoc
is one of those pioneers whose lives are full of
interesting happenings, and who have found in
the sunslune of California much that they sought
after leaving their homes in the east. He was
born in Kent county, jMich., in 1838, and up to
his seventeenth year lived in his native state,
the first nine years of his life being spent on his
lather's farm.' He then lived in Grand Rapids,
Mieh., where he attended the public schools and
graduated from the high school, thereafter ap-
plying himself to learning the trade of tinner.
His father, Orson Peck, was born in New York
in 1812, and has been a merchant for the greater
part of his life. He is now living at Lompoc,
and is by far the oldest man in this valley. He
married Lydia Hunt, who also was a native of
Xew York state, and who died in Lompoc in
1875. In the family were nine children, but
only tv,o survive, the daughter, Mrs. Lydia J.
Baldwin, being a resident of Oklahoma.

Upon starting out in the world for himself,
Mr. Peck went to Kansas in the spring of 1857,
settling on a farm in Coffey county, where he
remained until 1861. With the call to arms for
three hundred thousand volunteers for the Civil
war. Mr. Peck and his two brothers, Theodore
Frelinghuvsen and Henry Clay Peck, and his
father,''enlisted, the former, his father, and Henry
Clay serving in the same regiment. He enlisted
in Company E, Fifth Kansas Cavalry, General
Clayton commanding, and was at Little Rock
and Pine Blufif and enga;3ed in general scout-
ing. The family sustained the loss of one of
the sons, Henry Clay, during the war, and all
served with courage and distinction, as became
loyal citizens. With the restoration of peace
MV. Peck returned to Kansas, and in Burlington
established a hardware business, which he con-
ducted until 1870. The country was wild, and
he used to frequently hunt bufTalo in what is now
Oklahoma. After leaving Kansas he spent a
year in Montana, going from there to British
Columbia, thence, in 1871, down the coast to
California. .A.fter settling in Santa Cruz he
worked at his trade of tinsmith for three years,
removing to Lompoc in 1874. Here he opened
another hardware store in partnership with his
father, conducting his affairs under the firm
name of O. Peck & Son. Eor thirteen years this
enterprising little store continued to supply the
"iemand for tinware and its accompaniments, and
became an integral part of the commercial life
of the settlement. During that time W. H.
Peck repaired to San Diego during the boom,
but. instead of an anticipaled gain. lost heavily.
He also spent some lime in Old Me.xico, and

went to Cleveland county. ( )kla., for two years,
and then, returning to Lompoc. continued his
former occupation c.f hardware business.

An ardent Republican in politics. Mr. Peck is
following in the footsteps of his father, who has
ever acknowledged allegiance to Republican
principles. He was appointed postmaster during
McKinley's first administration and has since
satisfactorily sustained the position. A Mason
for thirty-three years, he is a Royal Arch Mason
and past master at Lom])oc, and a charter mem-
ber of the lodge. He has been an Odd Fellow
for twenty-seven i ears, is past grand, and a char-
ter member of the Lompoc Lodge. He is also
a member of the Eastern Star, a charter member
of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is asso-
ciated with the Continental League at San Fran-
cisco. At Santa Cruz, in 1872, Mr. Peck mar-
ried Frances Peck, a daughter of Henry Peck,
one of the Forty-niners of California.

EDWARD F. REILLY. A membership in
the Native Sons of the Golden West is Mr.
Reilly's by reason of his birth in California.
His father, Michael J., was one of the pioneers
of '49, and came from New York City around
the Horn in a sailing vessel to San Francisco,
thence going to the mines. For a year he en-
gaged in freighting up the Sacramento river,
after which he turned his attention to mining.
Later he bought a ranch in Yuba county, where
he engaged in raising stock. After eleven years
on that place he removed to Nevada City, Cal..
and opened a wholesale and retail hay and grain
business, which he conducted for some years.
Coming to Ventura in November. 1874, he was
thereafter principally interested in the buying
and selling of ranches. It was here that- he died
in 1879. His wife was also one of California's
pioneers, but instead of making the trip by
vvater, as did he, she crossed the plains in 1850,
from her birthplace. Cook county. 111., and set-
tled in Oregon, later removing to California,
where she now reside? in Ventura. She bore
the maiden name of Eliza J- Finley. In her
family there are five children, viz.: W. H.. who
was sheriff of Ventura county for two terms and
is now engaged in ranching here: George A.,
and Edward F., who are partners in business:
Mrs. Mamie AIcFarland, of \'entura: and Mrs.
Hattie B. Wood, of Wheatland, Cal.

Near Marvsville, in Yuba countv, this state,
Edward F. Reilly was born Marcir2, 1864. At
tlie time the family settled in Ventura he was
ten years of age. For a time he studied in the
public schools, after which he was a student in
the University of Southern California for almost
three years, leaving at the junior year in order
to take a course in Woodbury's Business College
at Los Angeles, l-'rom the latter institution he
was graduated in 1887. He then went to San
i'Vancisco, where he studied embalming with the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

593

California Undertaking Company for two years.
On his return to \'entura in 1889 he began to
lay plans for a business of his own, and the fol-
lowing year organized the firm of Reilly
Brothers, which has since conducted an under-
taking business. As a funeral director he has
no superior in the entire county. As opportu-
nity offered, he has interested himself in other
business enterprises along the same line. He
started the firm of Reilly & King in Santa
Paula, also the undertaking estabhshnient of
Reilly & Boynton at Oxnard, both of which
have been successful : and at one time he was
a partner in the firm of Reilly & Wessel at Red-
lands. In 1896 he was appointed county coroner
and public administrator to fill a vacancy, and
in 1898, on the Republican ticket, without oppo-
sition, he was elected to these offices, which he
now fills. The Republican party receives his
stanch support, and at one time he served on
the county central committee. Fraternally he
is connected with the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, the Ancient Order of United
Workmen, the Rebekahs, and Lodge No. 214,
F. & A. M., in which he was made a Mason. His
marriage was solemnized in San Luis Obispo
county, Cal., and united him with Miss Agnes
Short, who was born in Watsonville, Cal., and
by whom he has one daughter, Frances.

JOHN WESLEY CHURCHILL. If years
of practical experi-ence and intelligent observa-
tion and study along any given line of occu-
pation count for aught, Mr. Churchill certainly
holds high rank among the foremost oil devel-
opers of the country. His activities have at
times been centered in nearly all of the oil
localities of the United States, and he has
brought about the development of this now
generally diffused commodity in many states
where its existence was hitherto unsuspected.
Generally speaking, his life and successful career
contains innumerable lessons worthy of emula-
tion, for the long way between the time when a
sturdy urchin o^ twelve took to the tow path
of the Pennsylvania canal in order to earn his
own living, up to his present enviable position
in the community of Santa Barbara, argues an
enormous amount of natural grit, augmented by
a farsighted discernment of opportunities.

Of English ancestry, Mr. Churchill was born
at the head of the west branch of the Susque-
hanna river, Indiana county. Pa., June 10, 1840.
His paternal grandfather, who was born in Eng-
land, settled in New England, later in Elmira.
N. Y., and served during the war of 1812. He
must have been a man of high moral courage
and general ability, for his sons developed into
useful members of society, two of them being
prominent as ministers in the Presbyterian
Church. His son, John L., the father of John
Weslev, was born in Elmira, N. Y., in 1800, and

devoted the greater part of his life to the stock
and lumber business. In time he removed from
Indiana county to Freeport, Pa., and engaged in
the ice business, which subsequently proved his
Waterloo. He worked up a large ice trade with
the south, shipping the ice down the Allegheny
river on rafts and barges, but unfortunately his
last trip was retarded by the low water, and he
thus lost more than he had ever made in the
ice business. His last days were spent in Ar-
kansas, where he died of sunstroke at the age
of seventy-eight years. Like his clerg}rman
brothers he inherited or acquired literary ten-
dencies, and was a poet of no mean order, hav-
ing a correct ear for rhyme and a facility of
expression quite in keeping with his metrical
and harmonious thoughts. He was twice mar-
ried, the mother of John Wesley being formerly
Maria Hazlette, a native of Etna Valley, Pa.,
and a daughter of Rev. John Hazlette, who was
born in the north of Ireland, and married a
Scotch lady. After coming to America Rev.
Mr. Hazlette preached for many years in the
Wesleyan Methodist Church, and three of his
sons followed in his footsteps and became min-
isters in the same church; also a son-in-law.
He died in Indiana county. Pa., as did also his
wife. Of the two marriages of John L. Church-
ill there were thirteen children, and four of the
sons served during the Civil war. Philander M.
served in a Pennsylvania regiment, and now
lives in Indiana county. Pa.; Samuel was a
member of the Eighth Pennsylvania Reserves
and was killed at Fredericksburg; while James
M. was in the marine brigade operating on the
lower Mississippi river, and died in Bradford,
Pa., in 1900.

The life of John Wesley Churchill opened into
a rather cheerless and responsible childhood,
which was spent until his tenth year in In-
diana county. Pa., after which he went to Free-
]3ort, and at the age of twelve began to work on
the tow path of the Pennsylvania canal. In
t86o he arrived in West Virginia with large
hopes in the oil wells of that section, and dili-
gently went to work to drill wells with the drill
by hand with a spring pole method. In Jime
of 1 861 he volunteered in Company F, Seventy-
eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, for
three years, and was sent to Louisville, Ky.,
where he operated in the army of the Cumber-
land under General Thomas. He participated in
the battle of Green River and many other skir-
mishes, and was among the first troops who
took the Hermitage, General Jackson's old
home. The regiment was in the front at the
battles of Stone River. Perrv'ville, .'^hiloh, Tulla-
homa. Chickamauga, Big Shanty, Peach Moun-
t;(in, siege and battle of Atlanta, then back un-
der General Thomas. At the expiration of the
three years they served vcjluntarily on an ex-
]iedition and were mounted, and went out with

594

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

three days' rations, but staid for fifteen days.
During that time they were obliged to hve on
the country, and as may be imagined, the fare
was not such as to superinduce corpulency.
They were after Colonel Forrest, and the ex-
pedition wound up with the battle of Nashville,
Tenn., after which they returned home and were
mustered out at Kittanning, Pa., in December of
1864, having been in the army three years and
three months. During the service Mr. Churchill
was never absent from duty for more than
twenty-four hours and was never laid up in a
hospital. Nevertheless he still retains reminders
of pretty close calls, for his clothing was per-
forated with shot, his gun shot in two, his
knapsack riddled, and his canteen dented be-
yond all recognition. At Stone River also he
received a bayonet thrust through the hand.

In January of 1865 j\Ir. Churchill went to
Pithole City, \"enango county, Pa., and en-
gaged in the oil business. From then on he was
interested in drilling wells all over the state,
often keeping as many as ten rigs going at the
same time; nor were his operations confined
to Pennsylvania, for he went into West \'irginia,
and was one of the first to drill for gas in Ohio,
perfecting the first wells at Cleveland, and in
Indiana. In the Hoosier state he carried his
operations over all the state in search of g4s
and oil, and succeeded in working the first and
only oil well in Terre Haute. He later success-
fully drilled in Illinois and Alichigan, and in
1895 came to Los Angeles, Cal. The following
year found him in Summerland where he helped
to develop the wells, his sons also carrying on
contract drilling at that place, where they bored
one hundred wells, Mr. Churchill himself drill-
ing twelve successful wells, and nine that proved
to be practically worthless. He became closely
identified with the general affairs of Summer-
land, and purchased considerable property
which has since been disposed of. In his recent
operations in Ventura and Santa Barbara coun-
ties, his work has been facilitated by the assist-
ance of his sons, and six modern steam drilling
outfits.

Since May of 1899, ^^^- Churchill has made
Santa Barbara his home, and his residence is a
pleasant and hospitable place. Mrs. aiurchill
was formerly Jennie L. Kiebler. a native of
Westmoreland county. Pa., and her marriage to
Mr. Churchill was solemnized August 23, 1866.
Mrs. Churchill is a daughter of George Kiebler,
who was born in Salem township, Westmore-
land county. Pa., and was a manufacturing
cooper and farmer by occupation. He removed
to North Washington township, where he en-
gaged in farming, later locating in Freeport,
where he was a manufacturing cooper, and sub-
sequently returning to North \\'ashington tow^n-
ship, where his death eventually occurred. He
married l-llizalx-th .Siiit;('r. wlm was hnrii in

Dauphin county, Pa., and died in North Wash-
ington tow-nship. She was the mother of nine
children, four daughters onl}- attaining maturity.
To Mr. and Mrs. Churchill have been born six
children, viz.: David Lawrence, who is in the
oil business in Los Angeles and is a contract
driller, his only child, Lida M., residing at pres-
ent with her grandparents; Samuel Clifford,
who is also in the oil business in Los Angeles;
Lida Clothilda, who is living at home; Frank
G., who is with his father in the oil business;
John Ernest, who died at the age of eight
years; and Eva IMay, who died at the age of
seven years. Mr. Churchill is a stanch up-
holder of Republican institutions and principles,
and he is fraternally a member of the Ancient
(.)rder of L'nited Workmen, and the Indepen-
dent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a member
of the George H. Thomas Post, G. A. R., at
Indianapolis, Ind. Mrs. Churchill is afifiliated
with the Lutheran Church.

LEONARD JOHN ROSE. Jr. The pen oi
a novelist, searching the San Gabriel valley for
incident with which to embellish the thread of
his story, would find in the life of Leonard John
Rose, Sr., sufficient material for all his needs.
He was born in Germany in 1827. and immi-
grated to America for broader opportunities. As
a member of the General Beal train of emi-
grants, he came to California in i860, the little
band being the first to cross the trail mapped
out by the courageous general. .At Gila Bend,
.\riz., they were attacked by the Indians, and a
number of their party killed, Mr. Rose himself
Itoing twice shot. He finally settled in the San
Gabriel valley, his material aids to future success
consisting of his wife, three children and two
nuiles. In this famous valley he established the
ranch which is to-day a monument to his indus-
try, and which is still known by the old familiar
name of Sunny Slope. Cpon its fertile acres
were grown for years one thousand acres of
grapes, around which was centered a great
wine industry, consignments being shipped to
the extreme east and to all parts of the country.
Besides his own grapes he bought all that could
lie found through the length and breadth of the
valley, and converted the same into nectar, the
aroma and bouquet of which brought a wide
reputation. The other nine hundred acres com-
prising the ranch were devoted to various agri-
cultural interests, but more than all to the rai.sing
of the finest thorougiibred racing stock, among
tliem the' great Stamboul. At one time alone.
Mr. Rose. Jr.. took eighty-seven head to New
York, the average price received being $2,700.
This great ranch of one thousand and nine hun-
dred acres was sold to an English syndicate in
1887 for two hundred and seven thousand
pounds, and tin- former owner thereof passed
iiis declining years in Los .\ngo!(s, where his

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

death occurred May 17, 1899. He was a man
of great strength of mind. The soul of hon-
esty himself, he was equally exacting on this
score with other people, and allowed no one to
take advantage of a business contract. At one
time a New York firm of wine merchants tried
to swindle him out of a large consignment of
vine, but he personally undertook to settle the
matter, and made the long journey to New York,
which consumed seven months, and collected
every cent of the debt. His occupations as wine
merchant and stockman, combined with his
chivalrous nature and interesting personality,
drew to him many friends among the wealthy
and influential, among others being John
Mackay, who used to make the California ranch
his headquarters, and was the owner of one of
his host's finest trotters. Sweetheart. In his
passing away Mr. Rose left behind him many
kindly memories of generous deeds. He mar-
ried Amanda M. Jones, after whom the town of
I^manda Park, San Gabriel valley, was named.
A worthy successor of his father, Leonard
John Rose, Jr., was born in the San Gabriel val-
ley June II, 1862, and graduated from the Saint
.Augustine Academy, Benicia, in 1878. He soon
became associated with his father in business,
and as a partner in the wine industry spent five
years in Nev.' York, looking after the interests
at that end of the line. When his father's ranch
was sold in 1887, he came to Ventura, and in
1888 purchased two hundred and sixty acres of
land two miles from Oxnard, and also bought
other property, speculating in real estate and
cattle. In 1894 he located where he at present
lives, and built one of the most palatial rural
homes in the county, beautified to the extent
of the landscape gardener's art, and surrounded
with hedges and groves. Two hundred acres are
in walnuts, fifty in beets, and enough oranges
are raised for home consumption.

In 1885 Mr. Rose married Fannie, a daughter
of J. B. Fargo, a wholesale liquor dealer of Snn
I'ranciico. Of tliis union there are four chil-
dren: Martha True, Hinda Alice, Fargo Fenton
and Gilbert Blackman. In national politics Mr.
Rose is a Republican, and he is fraternally asso-
ciated with the Benevolent Protective Order of
Flks.

MATTHEW H. ANDERSON. During the
year 1876, among the men who came to Ven-
tura county to identify themselves with its in-
terests was Mr. Anderson, whose former home
iiad been near San Jose, and who is now living
ih.ree miles west of .Santa Paula, on the Tele-
graph road between Santa Paula and Ven-
;ura. A native of Allen county, Ohio, born
in 1844, he was reared near Lima, that state, but
in 1874, accompanied by his mother and sisters,
removed lo Cahfornia. Settling near San Jose,
lor two years he conducted a fruit farmthcre.

M the expiration of that period he settled in
the southern part of Ventura county, and two
years later he bought fiftv acres here and set
out an apricot orchard. Soon afterward he be-
gan to raise lima beans, being a pioneer in the
industry that has since grown to be one of the
most important in the community. Findin<^
the raising of beans more profitable than fruit--
growing, he replaced his orchard with the lima
oeans, of which he now raises seventy-five acres
besides having thirty acres to sugar beets
each year. The beans yield about one ton per
acre and sell at from three to four cents a
pound. The beets yield from sixteen to twenty
tons per acre. Twelve acres of the ranch is
under walnuts. The property has been greatly
unproved under the constant and diligent care
of the owner, and now one who had not seen
It from 1878 to 1902 would not recognize it as
the same property.

After coming to Ventura countv Mr Ander-
son married Miss Victoria Renclal. who was
born on Prince Edward Island and educated
in New \ork state, and was one of the early
teachers in Santa Paula. Thev have two chJl"-
•dren Neil and Elisabeth, both at home. The
family are connected with the Presbyterian
church. Realizing the value of adequate 'irriga-
jion facilities, Mr. Anderson became a stock-
holder m the Farmers' Irrigating Company,
with which he was connected for several years
Dunng past years he voted with the Repub-
licans, but he is now independent in local and
national politics. Enterprising and successful, he
has not been content with gaining prosperity for
himself but has taken an active part in plans for
he upbuilding of the community and has con-
tributed of means, time and influence to many
enterprises.

WILLIAM J. BRODRICK was born in
Cambridge, England, January 2, 1847, the son
of an officer in the English army. After having
received a fair education, he left England in
1865 and crossed the ocean to New York
Ihence going to Chile and Peru, and finally, in
J 869, settling in Los Angeles, where he 'em-
barked in the insurance business, as a repre-
sentative of a number of the standard old-line
companies. On the organization of the Main
Street and Agricultural Park Railway Company,
he became an officer of the same, was soon
chosen its president and continued in that posi-
tion until his death. Other enterprises also
received his encouragement, sympathy and
assistance. On the founding of the Los An-
geles City Water Company, he became a mem-
ber of its board of directors and at the time he
died was filling the offices of vice-president and
auditor. The Metropolitan Building and Loan
.Association received the benefit of his ripened
judgment during his service on its directorate.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

as did also the Puente Oil Company. For some
years he was also connected with the Crystal
Spring Land and Water Company, in which he
was elected to the offices of vice-president and
auditor.

While thus maintaining close personal re-
lations with a number of private and public
enterprises, from which he accumulated a com-
petency, Mr. Brodrick did not neglect the duties
of citizenship, nor was he lacking in the develop-
ment of social qualities, for through member-
ship in the California Club of Los Angeles and
the Jonathan Club, he participated in mucli that
contributed to making his home city one of the
most delightful, socially, on the entire coast.
The two organizations especially established to
promote the commercial progress of the city,
the Board of Trade and Chamber of Commerce,
numbered him among their members. His re-
alization of the need of Los Angeles for ade-
quate protection from devastating fires led him
to accept a position on the board of fire commis-
sioners, where he remained for four years.
Though not a partisan nor actively connected
with political affairs, he yet believed firmly in
Democratic principles and kept posted concern-
ing the problems confronting our nation. Dur-
ing his participation in insurance affairs, he was
a prominent member of the Fire Underwriters'
Association of the Pacific.

High ideals governed Mr. Brodrick in all of
hi.s actions. His was the far-seeing discrimina-
tion, the sagacity of judgment and the honesty of
purpose that are conspicuous attributes of our
noblest citizens. Though English by descent,
birth and education, there was something es-
sentially American in his life and character.
Indeed, he was a typical Californian, hospitable,
energetic, honorable and brave, and the spirit
of western push and enterprise was a promi-
nent ingredient of his nature. While he
achieved considerable success in business he
also gained that which he valued far more —
the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens,
and his death, October 18, 1898, was regarded
as a loss to the city whose progress he had
stimulated and whose development he had
aided.

May 8, 1877, Mr. Brodrick married Miss
Laura E. Carlisle who was born in Los An-
geles, a daughter of Robert S. and Francisca
Williams Carlisle. Her father, a native of Ken-
tucky, was of Virginian family and English
lineage. When a boy he went to Mexico, and
from there came to Los Angeles, where he
married in 1857. Later he became the owner of
Chino ranch of fifteen thousand acres, where he
engaged extensively in stock-raising, residing
there until his death, in 1865. Since then his
widow has made her home in Los .Angeles,
having a residence on the corner of Flower and
Washington streets. Thev were the parents of

two sons and two daughters, all of whom are
living except one son. Mrs. Brodrick, who was
next to the youngest, received an excellent edu-
cation at Laurel Hall in San Mateo county,
from which she was graduated at seventeen
years of age. Soon afterward she became the
wife of Mr. Brodrick, and of their union four
children were born, Francisca, Anita, Lucy and
Eugene Carlisle.

JACOB DIETERICH. Of all the occupations
which Southern California offers to the lovers
of nature none is more consistently adapted to
the prevailing conditions than lloriculture and
nursery development. It is generally conceded
that Jacob Dieterich is one of the most intelli-
gent florists of Los Angeles, and he is the only
one to import direct from Europe, his specialty
being the cultivation and importation of choice
decorating plants from all parts of the world.
.\niong them may be mentioned the bay or lau-
rel trees, sago palm, from Mexico and Japan,
and tree ferns from -\ustralia.

In earliest childhood Mr. Dieterich took in-
tense delight in cultivating flowers and improv-
ing plants. On his father's farm near Studtgart,
Wurtemberg, Germany, he learned much of use
ill later years, for his parents. Martin and Mar-
garet (Reiche) Dieterich, were practical tillers
of the soil. The youngest of the four children
in the family, Jacob was apprenticed when
fourteen years of age to a florist in Studtgart,
and at the same time he attended evening
school, and learned botany and landscape gar-
dening. On account of good behavior his term
of service was reduced from three to two and
one-half years, after which he worked independ-
ently, and was especially devoted to decorating.
Later in Erfurth. the large seed-growing district,
he was employed by J. C. Smith, known the
world over as "Flower" Smith, and after a year
he traveled through Eastern Switzerland, work-
ing as a florist and picking up additional infor-
mation. LTpon returning to his home to stand
draft for army service he drew free, and so
returned to Switzerland and found employment
on a nursery and fruit-tree farm for a year.

In 1887 Mr. Dieterich came to America and
at once crossed the continent to Los Angeles,
where he was employed as a florist and land-
scape gardener for a year, and was afterwards
employed by the Central Park Floral Company,
being in charge of their uptown store for a
year. He then went with O. W. Childs and
had charge of his place for a year. By this
time he had gained a fair acquaintance in the
city, and formulated plans for the future. In
1892 he located at his present place, Nos. 1142-
1146 Wall street, which at that time had no im-
provements and hardly suggested the teeming
industry prevailing today. He owns four lots,
each SOX mo feet, and on these has been built

D. H. IMLER

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

599

greenhouses after the most modern and ap-
proved plans; he also has his own waterworks.
He makes a specialty of raising plants for deco-
ration, such as pine trees, palms, laurel and bay
trees, and ferns, and has worked up a large
business in imported trees and plants. From
Belgium he brought the first bay trees to Cali-
fornia, and this is but one of the innovations
which his forethought has provided for the city
of his adoption. So successful has he become
that his goods are in demand all over Southern
and Northern California, Arizona, Old and New
Mexico. In July of 1901 he took as a partner
F. Huston, the florist, and since then the aflairs
of the firm have been conducted under the
name of Dieterich & Huston. Mr. Huston for-
merly owned three acres at Sixteenth street and
San Pedro avenue, which he had planted to
roses, carnations, palms, etc., and which is kept
and cultivated by the firm.

In Los Angeles Mr. Dieterich married Ida
Hafen, who was born in Utah a daughter of
Conrad Hafen, born in Switzerland. Mr. Hafen
emigrated to Utah in i860 and to Los Angeles
in 1869 and up to the time of his retirement
engaged as a farmer and wine grower. Mrs.
Dieterich, who was educated in Los Angeles,
is the mother of three children, viz.: Martha,
Martin and ^''iola. j\lr. Dieterich is a member of
the Nurserymen and Florists' Association of
Southern California, and from the time of its
organization, in the spring of 1901, has been
treasurer of the association. Fraternally he is
associated with the Independent Order of For-
esters, Maccabees and Independent Order of
Odd Fellows. He is a member of the German
Methodist Episcopal Church and a generous
donator to its support. The Chamber of Com-
merce numbers him among its members. He is
unexcelled in his line in Southern California, and
Los Angeles is the gainer by his public spirit
and his botanical knowledee.

DAVID HENRY IMLER. The equable
climate of Southern California has attracted
families from every part of the United States,
thus giving to this region a citizenship not sur-
passed by any section. Among those who were
led by climatic considerations to cast in their lot
with the people of Tropico was Mr. Imler,
who, after a long and successful business career
in Colorado, finding himself injuriously afTected
by the high altitude of that mountainous state,
removed to California in 1897 and purchased
three acres in Tropico, where he has since made
his home. The land is planted in citrus and
deciduous fruits and vegetables for family use,
Mr. Imler not having taken up horticulture as
an industry, but only to supply his table with
every variety of product the soil and climate
produce. Among his property interests in Cal-
ifornia is a large dairy south of Los .Angeles,

which he rents to tenants. For the convenient
management of his real-estate and oil interests,
he opened an office in Los Angeles and makes
frequent trips to the city. He is now superin-
tendent of the clay department of the Pacific
Cut Tile Company of Tropico, in which he
is also a stockholder.

The Imler family is of German extraction,
having come from Hamburg to Pennsylvania.
During the Civil war Henry Imler, a young
man of about twenty-eight years, enlisted in
the Union arm}- and served' with valor until
he was killed in the battle of Gettysburg. His
wife, Elizabeth, is still living, and is active and
strong, at sixty-seven years of age. Like her
husband, she is of German extraction. Three
sons comprised their family, two of whom, Cyrus
and Samuel, remain on the old Pennsylvania
homestead. The third son, David Henry' Imler,
was born in Bedford, Bedford county, Pa., Oc-
tober 31, 1863, and remained on the home farm
until fourteen years of age, when he went with
a party of men to South America and for three
years engaged in the cattle business. Unfor-
tunately the outbreak of the rebellion in that
country proved disastrous to their interests and
they returned with less than they had at first.
When seventeen years of age Mr. Imler went
to Colorado and was employed in the building
of the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad from
St. Joseph, Mo., to Colorado Springs, Colo.
His services proving valuable as an engineer
hpwas retained for four years on different di-
visions, and was one of the first engineers con-
nected with the building of the railroad on
Pike's Peak, later working in the construction
of the Colorado Midland Railroad and tunnel.
During all of this time he had been interested
in grub-staking and prospecting, and met with
the usual experiences of miners in alternate
successes and reverses.

Together with John Lane and J. E. Hunter
as partners, Mr. Imler located the" Orphan Bell
group on Bull mountain. Cripple Creek. Four
claims were located and developed, and these
were sold for $450,000. The same men owned
other claims and, while developing in 1893, they
opened an ofifice in Colorado Springs and or-
ganized a company of which Mr. Imler was
chosen secretary. The latter became heavily
interested in the brokerage business, which he
conducted with Mr. Hutchinson until obliged
to leave Colorado for a lower altitude, in Sep-
tember, 1897. However, he still retains va-
rious interests in dividend-paying companies in
that state, the present success of which is largely
due to his wise judgment in locating mines.

By the marriage of Mr. Imler to Miss Ade-
laide Hickman, a native of Indiana, he has two
children, Eugene and Marjory. During his resi-
dence in Colorado he took an active part in
local politics, as a worker in the Republican

600

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

party, but of recent years he lias been less
active. A disciple of ^Masonry, he has taken all
of the degrees, including the York and Scot-
tish Rite, up to the thirty-second. He is not
connected with any denomination, but contrib-
utes to the maintenance of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, of which Mrs. Imler is a mem-
ber. All measures having for their object the
benefit of the people receive his support. To
all subjects presented to him he brings the
cautious and keen judgment that have character-
ized him in private business affairs. Personally
he is genial, companionable and whole-souled,
generous in disposition, liberal in contributions
to worthy movements, and a citizen whose stand-
ing in Tropico is the highest.

J. A. MATHIS. To the mechanical and
constructive ability of Mr. Mathis are due many
of the substantial structures in Southern Cali-
fornia. Possessing a knowledge of the artistic
as well as substantial, of harmonious blendings
and convenient arrangement, his name is asso-
ciated with all that is lasting in the realm of
building. A native of Louisville, Ky., he was
born September 6, 1863. and was reared and
educated in his native town. P'rom a boy he
became familiar with carpenter's tools, for his
father, Mitchell Mathis, was one of the best-
known contractors and builders of Louisville.
The eWer Mathis was born in Alsace-Lorraine,
and immigrated to America with his mother
when a young boy, settling in Louisville, where
he was educated and grew to manhood. Subse-
quently he engaged in running a flour mill, and
about 1887 removed to Los Angeles, Cal.,
where he is living in retirement. His wife, for-
merly Catherine J. Brown, who was born in Bal-
timore, Md., and" died in Los Angeles in 1897,
was the mother of four children, J. A. being
the youngest of the three now living.

After having mastered the trade of carpenter
under his father's able instruction, J. A. JMathis
worked for a couple of years in the flour mill,
and in 1883 began carpentering in Los Angeles.
So successful was he that in 1891 he branched
out into building and contracting, since which
time, in partnership wath Mr. Haupt, he has
made a name for himself among the city's am-
bitious constructors. Among his most credit-
able undertakings may be mentioned the Jacoby
building, the Lighting Company's building, the
Raphael residence, the residences of F. C. Wolf
md Rev. .A. M. Hough, the Codins and Jepson
homes, and that of S. K. Lindley, the new Tele-
phone building and the residence of Col. John
E. Stearns of St. James Park. He has also built
the gas holder at Pasadena, and his superiority
in ecclesiastical construction is best evinced in
the erection of the First Methodist Episcopal
Church, which cost $80,000, and is considered

one of
feet in
Mathis
Santee
ciated \
320, at
geles C
ber of
Golden

the finest in the state and the most per-
Southern California. The home of the

family in Los Angeles is at Xo. 1936
street. Fraternally Mr. Mathis is asso-
ivith the Masons, South Gate Lodge Xo.
Los Angeles, and was raised to Los An-
haptcr Xo. 42. R. .\, M.; also is a mem-
the Independent Order of ()dd Fellows,

Rule Lodge Xo. 160.

W. H. PIERCE, an influential citizen of Los
Angeles, was born in Delaware county, N. Y.,
December 28, 1859, and is a son of J. Washing-
ton and Frances (Clark) Pierce. The ancestry
of the family is authentically traced far back
into English history, and among the descend-
ants who lived and prospered after removing
to X^ew York state, the paternal great-grand-
father is recalled with particular pride, because
of his personal worthiness and his military
services during the Revolutionary war. Daniel,
the paternal grandfather, was born in Duchess
count}-, X. Y., and became a farmer in Dela-
ware county.

J. Washington Pierce is a native of Duchess
county, X. Y., and in early life learned the
blacksmith's trade, in connection with which he
carried on a farm in X'^ew York. Although
passed beyond the age limit and exempt from
obligation during the Civil war, he volunteered
in the One Hundred and Forty-fourth New
"^■^ork Infantry, and saw much of the terrible
side of war. He continued to live in Xew York
state until 1896, when he removed to Los
.\ngeles, and has since enjoyed the leisure due
his active career. He married in Delaware
county Frances C. Clark, daughter of Charles
Clark, a native of Connecticut, and a pioneer
farmer of Delaware county. Mrs. Pierce, who
is si.xty-nine years of age (ten years younger
than her husband) is the mother of ten sons and
uvo daughters, of whom eight sons and one
daughter are now living, W. H. being the fifth.
One of the sons, E. T. Pierce, is a prominent
western educator, and is principal of the State
Normal at Los Angeles: Dr. Clarence Pierce
is a police surgeon, and F. E. Pierce is veter-
inary surgeon for the city of Oakland and in-
spector of food supplies.

The youth of W. H. Pierce was uneventfully
passed on his father's farm in Xew York, and
liis education was acquired in the district
schools and at Walton Academy. In 1880 he
came to Sacramento, Cal., and in partnership
with his brother, R. W., engaged in the gen-
eral merchandise business under the firm name
of Pierce lirothers for two and a half years.
He then had an experience at ranching for
about a year in Southern California and during
the following year operated a general mercan-
tile store in Calaveras county. In 1884 he per-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

601

manently located in Los Angeles. The livery
business upon which he embarked was first con-
ducted under the firm name of Pierce Bros., and
afterwards as Pierce Bros. & Co., still later being-
changed to Pierce & Wheat. The enterprise was
the pioneer of its kind in East Los Angeles. In
1897 Air. Pierce disposed of his livery interests,
and the following year proved the beginning of
his meritorious political career, and his ines-
timable services in promoting Republicanism.
In December of 1898 he was nominated coun-
cilman for the first ward, and elected by a
large majority. The year 1900 witnessed his
re-election to the same office. From 1900 to
1902 he was a member of the finance and sewer
committees, and chairman of the bridge and
water supply committees, and also served as a
member of the special committee to organize
and put in operation the new city water plant.
At times he has served on the county and city
committees. In these various opportunities to
serve the best interests of the community Mr.
Pierce has shown judgment and keen knowl-
edge, and his administration was free from per-
sonal ambitions, or desire for financial gain at
the expense of public confidence.

In Los Angeles, in 1886, Mr. Pierce married
Mary Newton, a native of Saybrook, Middlesex
county. Conn., and a daughter of Dr. Sterling
C. Newton, who was born in Hartland, Conn.
The paternal grandfather, Isaac Newton, was
also a native of Connecticut, and was a farmer
in the vicinity of Hartland. Sterling Newton
was a graduate physician and practiced his pro-
fession first in Saybrook and afterward in Hart-
ford, locating in Los Angeles in 1884, where he
died in June of 1894. He was a man of leading
characteristics, and served in the state legisla-
ture in Connecticut in 1861 and 1879. In Los
Angeles he was well known and prominent, and
acomplished great good for the city. In com-
pany with others he founded the East Side
Bank (now the Bank of Commerce), and was
the president thereof for several years. In
political affiliation he was a Democrat. In his
young manhood he married Gertrude Tinker,
v;ho was born in Toland, Mass., a daughter of
Edward L. Tinker, a native of Westfield, Mass..
and a tanner by occupation. The Tinker family
was represented among the soldiers of the
Revolutionary war. Mrs. Newton is now a resi-
dent of Los Angeles, and has but one child,
Mrs. Pierce, who was educated in the Young
Ladies' Institute in Windsor, Conn. To Mr.
and Mrs. Pierce were born three children, Ster-
ling Newton, Gertrude Frances and Helen May.

Mr. Pierce is associated with East Side Lodge
No. 325, I. O. O. F., also the Fraternal Brother-
hood and the Fraternal Aid. He is a charter
member of the East Side Baptist Church, and
contributes to the maintenance of this and other
worthy claims upon his generosity.

FRANK RADEMACHER. Mechanical and
inventive ability is a distinctive characteristic
of Mr. Rademachcr, chairman of the examining
board of stationary engineers of Los Angeles
and chief engineer of the Maier & Zobelein
brewery. Since he entered upon the duties of
the latter position, June 15, 1891, the plant has
been enlarged and machinery has been intro-
duced which he invented, including the Rade-
machcr friction power transmission, patented.
The peculiar advantages derived from the use
of this mvention, which can be applied to any
engine, are that both space and friction are
saved. The oil burning malt kiln, which he in-
vented and patented, has been in successful
operation in this brewery since 1895. Another
of his inventions, patented in 1891, is the Rade-
machcr heater and condenser for condensing
steam from the engine and returning it to the
boiler. More recently he has applied the oil-
burning system to the factory of Bishop & Co.,
where it has proved a great success, the capacity
of the ovens having been increased three-fold.
The electric light plant was put into the brew-
ery under his supervision. Two Lansing iron
works engines, with combined horse-power
capacity of five hundred, and two boilers of two
hundred and fifty horse-power each, have been
installed by him. During this time he has also
designed and built a thirty-five ton refrigerator
machine for Simon Maier, to be used in the
slaughter house, and this has proved as success-
ful as his other devices and improvements.

Near Westphalia, Clinton county, Alich..
Frank Rademacher was born September 20,
1856, the oldest among the six children of Frank
and Sophia (Vonck) Rademacher. His grand-
father, Frank Rademacher a native of West-
phalia, Germany, brought his wife and four chil-
dren to America in 1835 and became one of the
first settlers in Westphalia, Mich., where he
bought land containing a dense growth of beach
and maple trees, and situated one and one-half
miles east of the village. He opened the first
tavern in the township, and continued to live
there until his death, which occurred in 1868,
at the age of eighty-four years. After the
family settled in Clinton county one of his sons,
Bernhard, started a hotel in Westphalia, later
conducted a hardware business, and built the
first brick house in the town, also a large brick
store.

A native of Westphalia, Germany, the father
of our subject became a farmer of Westphalia.
Mich., whence, in 1869, he removed to Osage
Mission in Kansas and twenty-three months
later settled in Milwaukee, Wis. Returning to
\\'estphalia, he later removed to Reno, Mich.,
and entered and cleared forty acres, later carry-
ing on a hotel in Muskegon county. His wife
was born near Cologne, Germany, a daughter
of Gustav Vonck, a nobleman of Germanv and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

large landed proprietor. In 1854 she settled in
Michigan. After her death in Grand Rapids,
Mich., her husband made his home amoiig his
children, and is now in California with his son
and namesake.

Being the oldest member of a family whose
parents were poor, the subject of this sketch
was obliged to work early and late when a boy
in order that he might assist in supporting the
family. From nine years of age he worked on
a farm, and his earnings, though small, were
of the greatest assistance to his parents, who
were ill and unable to do much. When four-
teen years of age he was apprenticed to the
machinist's trade in Milwaukee, Wis., in the
machine shops of E. P. Ellis, and during his
four and one-half years of service the first large
pipe for the city water works was cast in these
shops. As fireman on a lake vessel. Ironsides,
he remained on the lake for two seasons, and
then was promoted to be second engineer. A
later position was with Thompson & Smith's
mills as chief engineer. After eight months he
became mechanical engineer for the Lansing-
Iron and Engine Works, where he continued
seven years, meantime erecting plants for tht,
company all over Michigan and in adjoining
states. His residence in Los Angeles dates
from August 28, 1887. Finding a strike among
the machinists he turned his attention to other
work, taking a contract to grade a road, and
then securing employment in the Baker Iron
Works. After three years and four months, he
resigned in 1891, in order to accept the position
of chief engineer in the Maier & Zobelein brew-
ery, -where he has since remained, distinctly the
"right man in the right place."

In Lansing, Mich., Mr. Rademacher married
Miss Nellie Eddy, who was born in Clinton
county, Mich., a member of a pioneer family of
that state. They have one daughter, Isabelle.
After coming to Los Angeles he was made a
Mason in Los Angeles Lodge No. 42, F. &
A. M., in which he is past master; he is also
connected with Los Angeles Consistorj', Scot-
tish Riie, and Al Malakiah Temple, N. M. S.
Among other organizations to which he has
belonged is the United Order of Druids. About
1897 he was appointed a member of the ex-
amining board of stationary engineers, and on
the organization of the new board was chosen
its chairman, which responsible place he has
since filled. As president he is intimately asso-
ciated with the workings of the National Asso-
ciation of Stationary Engineers of California
No. 2, to which he owes special allegiance as a
charter member. An honor was conferred upon
him in 1900, when he was elected a delegate to
the national convention in Milwaukee, and in
this gathering he bore an interested part. Any-
thing that pertains to his chosen occupation re-
ceives his earnest attention, and particularly so

if it promises any improvement over plans here-
tofore used, for, both through his own inven-
tions and those of other thinkers, he is solicitous
to secure the highest possible development of
the department of engineering.

FRANK WALKER. A resume of the men
whose abilities have resulted in lasting good to
Los Angeles would be incomplete without due
and deserved mention of Frank Walker, a citi-
zen whose adaptability has found an outlet in
several avenues of activity throughout the west,
aside from his chosen occupation of building.
It may be said that practically the whole of
his business life has been spent west of or in the
Rocky mountain districts, for when twenty years
of age he left his home, within eighteen miles of
Niagara Falls, where he was born March 29,
1843, and henceforward the old familiar sur-
roundings knew him no more. His parents,
Frances and Elizabeth (Hudson) Walker, were
sturdy Canadian pioneers, and reared six boys to
years of usefulness, Frank W'alker being the
youngest and the only one in California.

The journey west was accomplished by Mr.
\\'alker via Panama, on the steamer Ocean
Queen to Aspinwall, and aboard the Golden
Age to San Francisco, arriving there May
7, 1864, twenty-four days after leaving New
York. Arriving in the country of his great ex-
pectations, he engaged in lumbering for a time
near Eureka, Humboldt county, Cal., and after-
wards went to Big Bend, near the headwaters
of the Columbia river, in British Columbia. In
Idaho he helped to build the first mill on the
famous Poor Man mining claim at Silver City,
and upon going to Nevada he had charge of mills
on the Carson river, near Silver City, for about
three years. In 1870 he located in San Fran-
cisco and engaged in building and contracting,
and in 1873 changed his location to Santa Bar-
bara, where he erected some of the first brick
buildings in the town. Among other construc-
tions due to his ability may be mentioned the
Odd Fellows' building, the city hall, the Stearns
building, and many private residences. In
Santa Barbara he also constructed the first
street railway, from the wharf to the .-Vrlington
hotel. In search of more prohfic fields he jour-
neyed to Old Mexico in 1879, and in San An-
tonio engaged in mining and also built and op-
erated a mill for the San .Antonio Min-
ing and Milling Company. Not content with
Mexico as a permanent abiding place, he re-
moved a year later to Tombstone, Ariz., where
he became prominent in the upbuilding of this
then wild mining center. He built the first
waterworks in the town, and also furnished
plans and had charge of the construction of the
court house, one of the finest in the territory, as
well as tiie city hall. He built numerous busi-
ness houses, and while still in Arizona furnished

ItrA^XMcOi

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

605

the architectural plans for several other build-
ings, both public and private.

In 1885 Mr. Walker became identified with
Los Angeles, and was fairly successful as a gen-
eral contractor and builder until 1892, when
he removed to San Francisco, and remained
until 1897. Upon again locating in Los Angeles
he looked after his previously acquired interests
here, and continued to build on a somewhat less
extensive scale. In the mean time he had shown
commendable activity in the Republican party,
in the principles and issues of which he had
great faith up to 1895. He has since afSliated
with the Democrats, and to this party owes his
election to the city council in 1900, as repre-
sentative of the Third ward. In January of 1900
he took the oath of office, and has been chair-
man of the Zanza committee, a member of the
land committee, and of the water supply com-
mittee. Fraternally he has been associated with
the Santa Barbara lodge and chapter of Masons,
and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
both lodge and encampment. Frank H. Walker,
the son of Mr. Walker, was educated at the
Leland Stanford University, and is now private
secretary to the president and general manager
of the Frisco Road, with headquarters in St.
Louis. The life efiforts of Mr. Walker have not
only resulted in the establishment of an enviable
commercial and social reputation, but have as
well brought in their train a deserved financial
standing.

COL. JOHN HENRY MILLS. The close
• of a busy and useful life covering seventy years
came to Colonel Mills in ^Monrovia, J\iay 22.
1893, shortly after he had established his home
in this city. He was born in Johnstown, ]\Iont-
gomery county, N. Y., June 26, 1823. His
mother was a daughter of Judge Allen of Rhode
Island, who was descended from Ethan Allen of
Revolutionary fame. The education of Colonel
Alills was secured principally in the seminary
at Amsterdam, N. Y., from which he was grad-
uated. At the age of fifteen years he became
an apprentice to the machinist's trade, at which
he served the regular time, and later was an
employe of the Altena Fire Insurance Com-
pany. When thousands of gold-seekers were
enduring untold hardships to reach the mines
of the Pacific coast, he joined these Argonauts
and in 1852 arrived in San F"rancisco. From
there he proceeded to Forest City, where he
began gold and silver mining. In 1859 '^^ went
to Nevada, where he took the first contract for
tunnel work in the noted Comstock mines and
helped to develop the same.

During the long period of his residence in
Nevada Colonel Mills was one of the most dis-
tinguished public men of the state, which bene-
fited immeasurably by his able services. Before
the formation of the state government he was

colonel on the staff of Major-General Van Bock-
lin, and afterward held the same position under
Governor Blasedell. During the Civil war he
raised a company of home guards. The Repub-
lican party had in him one of its most loyal
supporters, and in return honored him by call-
ing him to positions of trust and responsibility.
Twice he was elected to the Nevada legislature,
and served for one term as speaker of the house,
in which position it is a matter of record that
his decisions were just and his rulings in ac-
cordance with the best parliamentarian codes.
Three times he was offered the nomination for
governor, but always declined the honor. For
six years he was superintendent of the Orphans'
Home, for several terms served as mint com-
missioner of construction, and was also commis-
sioner for the construction of the state capitol.
Another office which he held was that of federal
assessor, which he resigned to accept that of
elector at the second election of President Grant,
when he was the messenger of the electoral col-
lege to carry the vote to Washington.

Retiring from public life, in 1884 Colonel
Mills removed to Portland, Ore., and from there
came to Monrovia, Cal., early in 1893, hoping
to enjoy many years of health and happiness
here, but three months later he was stricken
with heart failure and died almost instantly.
His body was interred in Live Oak cemetery at
Monrovia. While his residence here was but
short, he had won many friends, who had been
attached to him by his geniality of manner,
generous disposition, broad intelligence and
high character, and the community was a unit
in regretting his demise.

In Grace Episcopal Church of San Francisco,
in 1863, Colonel Mills married Miss Elizabeth
Cook, who was born at Fort Plaijis, Mont-
gomery county, N. Y. In a family of three
sons and three daughters she was next to the
youngest. Her parents. Judge Henry and
Adelia (Empie) Cook, were natives respectively
of Fort Plains and Frj^'s Bush, N. Y. The lat-
ter was a direct descendant of Major-General
John Coopman of the Revolution and Capt.
Jacob Empie, who was killed at the battle of
Areskeny before the birth of Mrs. Mills' grand-
father. Her grandfather, John R. Cook, was
bom in the Mohawk valley, a supposed de-
scendant of the duke of Wellington. Through-
out active life he engaged in farming pursuits,
also took a warm interest in politics as a Jack-
sonian Democrat and an associate of Martin
\'an Buren during the latter's campaign for
president. Among the local offices he held were
those of county clerk and collector. At the
time of his death, which occurred in Clay, N. Y.,
he was ninety-seven years of age.

From his eastern home, where he had been a
leading lawyer and gentleman farmer. Judge
Henry Cook went to California in 185 1, resid-

G06

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ing first in San Francisco, next in Amador
county, then going to Nevada, from there re-
turning to San Francisco. His last days were
passed in Carson City, Nev., wliere his liody
lies buried in the Masonic cemetery. He had
been high in Masonry, having all the degrees up
to and including the thirty-second and the Mys-
tic Shrine. .\n active member of the Republi-
can party, he served on its central committee
and received from it election to the state legis-
lature. The education of Mrs. Mills was prin-
cipally obtained in the Fort Plains high school.
Travel and culture have added to the knowledge
acquired from books, have broadened her mind
and deepened her interest in humanity. Since
the death of Colonel Mills she has continued
to reside at Mills \'iews, the homestead of
twelve acres, which, under her capable super-
vision, has been transformed into one of the
most beautiful estates in Monrovia. Fruits of
various kinds have been set out. Eighty trees
have been budded to \'alencia oranges, while
the balance of the orange grove is in Wash-
ington navels. There arc besides a few trees
of lemons, plums and peaches. The orchard is
irrigated by a private water right of one inch of
water with a four-inch pressure, furnishing
abundant facilities for keeping the land in ex-
cellent condition, and thus solving a problem
that is often the most serious a western horti-
culturist confronts.

MAJOR BELLE L. REYNOLDS, M. D.
Through her paternal ancestors Dr. Reynolds
traces her lineage back to Robert I. of Scot-
land, and, more recently, to John Alden and
Priscilla, of Mayflower fame. Many years ago,
during the days of King Robert II. of Scotland,
the life of that monarch was on one occasion
saved by the presence of mind of Archibald
Campbell McKonnochie, of the McKonnochie
branch of the Campbell clan. The king was
being attacked by a wild boar and his life was
in great danger, when the Highlander saved
him by shooting an arrow through the animal's
head. In recognition of the act, the king gave
him the crest which the family bear to-day, and
the family name was changed to McKomber,
later to Macomber. The crest contains a boar's
head rampant, having an arrow of appropriate
colors, and witli three right hands coupled, hold-
mg bunches of arrows. The motto is. "He
liath sent and he hath rewarded."

Five brothers of the Macomber race came to
Massachusetts from Scotland, and from them
those of the name throughout the United States
descend. Ebenezer Macomber, a farmer of
Massachusetts, served in the war of 1812. His
.son, Kingsley Macomber, was born in Salem,
Mass., and became a manufacturer of sewing
silk in Northampton, that state. Removing to
Iowa in 1855, he settled in Lewis, Cass county,

where he transformed a tract of wild land into
a valuable and fertile farm. Meantime he made
a number of trips to Pike's Peak and the west,
the most of these being made between 1858 and
1861 by mule trains. At the time of his death
he was eighty-three years old. He had mar-
ried Martha Alexander, a native of Massachu-
setts, and a daughter of Elisha and Phila
(Cooley) Alexander, both born in that state.
The former, who was of Scotch lineage, was a
large land owner and capitalist. Mrs. Alex-
ander was a daughter of Abner Cooley, of
English descent, and who served as a captain
in the Revolutionary war. Five children com-
prised the family of Kingsley and Martha
Alacomber, namely: Arabella (Dr. Belle Rey-
nolds); H. K., who graduated from a medical
college in New York, afterward served in the
Second Iowa Cavalry during the Civil war and
is now a practicing physician of Pasadena, Cal.;
John K., ex-city attorney of Des Moines, Iowa;
George, who died in early manhood; and Frank
J., an attorney in Lewis, Iowa. It is note-
worthy that all of the sons graduated from the
Agricultural College at Ames, Iowa. Dr. Belle
Reynolds was a student in the Ladies' Col-
legiate Institute at Worcester, Mass., having re-
turned there from Iowa in order to complete
her education.

In Lewis, Iowa, April 19, i860, Arabella
Macomber became the wife of William S. Rey-
nolds, who was born in Springfield, Mass., his
father, H. S., having been a merchant in that
city. After graduating at Easthampton, Mr.
Reynolds engaged in business in his native
town, but shortly after the discovery of gold in
Pike's Peak he started across the plains with
a mule train. However, he soon returned, and
in the fall of i860 settled in Peoria, 111., where
he engaged in the drug business. At the call
for troops in 1861 he was one of the first four
}Oung men in Peoria to enlist, his first enlist-
ment being for three months. Subsequently he
was mustered in as orderly sergeant of Com-
pany A, Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, for three
years, and at a later date was promoted to be
first lieutenant in rank, acting as adjutant of his
regiment. His last service was as an aide on
staff' duty. Among his engagements were the
following: Fredericktown, AIo., Forts Henry
and Donelson, Pittsburg Landing or Shiloh,
first battle of Corinth, luka. Holly Springs,
Milliken's Bend and siege of Mcksburg. From
the first Mrs. Reynolds accompanied him in the
field. At the battle of Pittsburg Landing she
was in camp when the battle began at seven
o'clock in the morning, and lor one week after-
ward she assisted in caring for the wounded
in the hospitals and on the boats. A work by
Frank Moore, of New York, entitled "Women
of the War," has a chapter from her diary. It
would be impossible to convey to one not

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

607

familiar with the horrors of war an adequate
conception of the hardships she underwent, the
sacrifices she was called upon to make, and the
quiet heroism she constantly displayed. But
all of these hardships she endured uncomplain-
ingly, and all of these sacrifices she made cheer-
fully, receiving abundant reward in seeing many
wounded soldiers made comfortable by her
kindly care and the dying moments of many
brave lads cheered by her presence.

At the close of that memorable week. Governor
Richard Yates of Illinois chartered a boat. Black-
hawk, to come south for the wounded. On this
boat were many physicians, among them being
two surgeons from Peoria, 111., who were ac-
quaintances of Mrs. Reynolds. Being com-
pletely worn out, her husband and Dr. Guth
suggested that she return home, and she con-
sented to go, but all the way up the river she
continued her ministrations to the wounded
men. On her arrival at home every one was
eager to meet her and hear from her lips the
story of that disastrous battle, from which few
had escaped to tell the tale. The suggestion
was made that she should receive a commission,
and Governor Yates ordered his private secre-
tary, John Moses, to make out a commission
;is major, dated from April 7, presented April
16, 1862, with the governor's signature at-
tached. It is noteworthy that she is the only
woman who has ever received a commission as
major from the governor of any state. .After
an absence of ten days she rejoined the regi-
ment, where she continued doing all in her
power to promote the comfort of the soldiers,
but wearing neither uniform nor shoulder
straps, nor drawing one dollar of pay.

On the expiration of Air. Reynolds" term of
enlistment they returned to Iowa and settled
on a farm. In 1870 they removed to San Fran-
cisco, Cal, and the following year went to Hong
Kong, China, where Mr. Reynolds acted as vice-
consul, but returned to San Francisco in 1872.
In 1878 she became interested in medicine.
This is doubtless an inherited family taste, for
one of her brothers and four of her father's
brothers were physicians. Entering Hahne-
mann Medical College in Chicago she continued
there until her graduation in 1880, after which
she practiced in Chicago until 1893. During
her residence in that city she was an assistant to
the president of Hahnemann Medical College,
with whom she practiced for ten years. At the
same time she was connected with the Chicago
Clinical Society, the American Institute and the
State Society.

Since 1894 Dr. Reynolds has resided in Santa
Barbara, where she has her office on Garden
and Sola streets, and carries on a general prac-
tice, with a specialty of diseases of women and
children. Her military history does not end
with the Civil war, but extends over into the

conflict with Spain. In April, 1899, she was
sent to the Philippines by the National and Cali-
fornia Red Cross Societies, and was the only
woman on the ship Senator that carried seven
hundred men of the Thirteenth Regiment.
After a voyage of four weeks, the vessel landed,
and she remained on the islands for one year,
acting as distributing agent and at the same
time teaching in the government school. In
.April, 1900, she returned to California on the
Sheridan and inimediatcl>- resumed her prac-
tice in Santa Barbara. In the work of the
Ladies of the G. A. R. she maintains an interest
as an active member. From childhood she has
been a stanch Republican. Her family were
-Abolitionists of the strongest type, and she has
always remained loyal to the principles of free-
dom and loyalty to country, which have been
her creed since childhood. In religion she is
an Episcopalian, and while in Manila aided in
the work of that church, where her member-
ship still remains.

GUSTAF STROMEE. During the progress
of the Swedish-Franco war the Strome family
became transplanted from its original French
soil to the bleaker land of Sweden. Carl
Strome, a blacksmith, served in the Swedish
army; his son, Carl Frederick, not only engaged
in b'lacksmithing, but also followed the trades
of gunsmith and coppersmith, and was in many
respects a man of inventive genius. The wife of
Carl P^ederick Strome was Christine Catherine
Manson, who was a member of an old Swedish
family and died in Los Angeles, Cal., at seventy-
two years of age. Born of their union were
seven children, of whom a daughter died in Swe-
den and a son died in New England. Four
daughters and one son are living, all of whom
but one daughter reside in California. The only
surviving son, Gustaf, was born near Linkoep-
ing, Westaharg, Ostergotland, Sweden, August
9, 1845. Since attaining his majority he has
changed the family name from Strome to Stro-
niee, in order to secure an accuracy of pronunci-
ation that had been previously impossible.

When thirteen years of age Mr. Stromee was
apprenticed to the painter's trade at Askersund,
ander an uncle, with whom he remained for five
years, meantime learning every department of
painting and decorating. Following the expira-
tion of his apprenticeship he worked as a jour-
neyman painter. In June, 1867, he came via
Hull to New York on the steamer City of Lon-
don. Proceeding at once to Chicago, he fol-
lowed the carriage painter's trade as foreman for
a large house in that city. In 1869 he went still
further west, spending a short time in Republic
county, Kans., and thence going to Junction
City, where he joined Custer's command as a
teamster in the expedition against the Chey-
ennes and Arapahoes. Following the route of

(508

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the troops, he was in the Indian Territory and
Texas, and witnessed the battle of Camp Sup-
ply on the Canadian river, as well as other bat-
tles and skirmishes through that region and in
Kansas and Nebraska. At the expiration of
six months, the campaign having closed, he was
discharged. The experiences of those days will
always linger in his memory as among the most
interesting and thrdling of his life, and there is
no portion of his eventful past which he recalls
with greater pleasure than that period w'ith Cus-
ter on the frontier. Settlements were few; little
effort had as yet been made to cultivate the land
and open up farms. The broad stretches of
prairie offered no signs of life save the herds
of buffalo, which were then numerous, but
which, through the thoughtless cruelty of
sportsmen, have since become practically ex-
tinct.

After a short time as a contracting painter
in Juction City, Mr. Stromee went to Abilene,
Kans., where he had many narrow escapes dur-
ing the days of Wild Bill. Two years later he
returned to Junction City, and afterward, with
a partner, followed contracting in that city as
well as Abilene, later being similarly occupied
in Council Grove. Kans. The great fire of Chi-
cago in 1871 made an opening for workmen in
that city, and he went there in January of the
following year. For two years he followed con-
tract painting at Highwood and engaged in
business in various suburbs on the Northwest-
ern Railroad, returning to Kansas in 1878 and
settling in Newton, thence going to Wellington,
Sumner county. January of 1882 found him in
San Diego, Cal., and during June of the same
year he came to Los Angeles, where he is not
only the pioneer contracting painter, but also
the pioneer Swedish gentleman. Among his
contracts have been those for many large public
buildings, including the Byrne, Hellman, Brad-
bury and Bryson blocks. Sign work has been
one of his specialties and his success in it has
lieen noteworthy. His business location is No.
605 S. Spring street, while his residence is at No.
1547 Council street. While living in Chicago he
was married, in the suburb of Highwood, to
Miss Mathilda Seline, who was born in Brook-
lyn, N. Y., of Swedish descent. They have two
sons, Karl Otto and Leo Albin.

From the time that he cast his first presi-
dential vote for U. S. Grant in Chicago, in No-
vember, 1872, up to the present time, Mr.
Stromee has been a pronounced and stanch
Republican and a believer in every plank of the
party's platform. The Los Angeles Chamber
of Commerce, which has been such an impor-
tant factor in the growth of this city, numb.ers
him among its members. On the organization
of the Builders' Exchange he became associated
with it as a charter member. While living in
Kansas he was initiated into the Independent

Order of Odd Fellows at Wellington, and is
now connected with Los Angeles Lodge No.
2S, also with the Veterans' Association of Odd
Fellows of Southern California. Personally he
IS a genial, companionable man, who has a host
of warm friends among his associates, and
whose life has been such as to win for him the
confidence of acquaintances.

HON. MEREDITH P. SNYDER. The
Snyders settled in North Carolina during the
colonial era. Jileredith P. was born at old Lex-
ington Court House, in that state, October 22,
1859. Through his own efforts he secured the
means necessary for a collegiate course and at-
tended college for a time, but did not graduate.
In 1880 he came to Los Angeles, where he has
since made his home. After clerking in a furni-
ture store for a time, he accepted a position with
the B. F. Coulter Dry Goods Company, and for
four years was in charge of the drapery depart-
ment. He then turned his attention to the real-
estate business, in which he engaged for eight
years. Afterward, for a similar period he was
at the head of the M. P. Snyder Shoe Company,
a business that is still successfully carried on,
though under dift'erent management.

In 1890 he was elected a member of the police
commission, and was re-elected at the expiration
of his term. Two years later he was elected
to represent the second ward in the city council,
where he took an active part in movements
for the benefit of the town. So high did he
stand in the city and such was his prominence
in the Democratic party, that its members nom-
inated him for the office of mayor in the fall of
1896 and he was elected by a large majority,
taking his seat in January, 1897, and serving
efficiently for one term, at the close of which he
re-entered the real-estate business. In 1900 he
was again elected mayor. His record as mayor
has been an excellent one. While exercising
a controlling influence in local affairs, this influ-
ence has been used only for the best purposes
and for the good of the municipality. He be-
lieves in good government, and in the exercise
of his personal power as mayor he has never be-
trayed the best interests of the city, but has
proved himself cool-headed, courageous, ener-
getic and indefatigable as an official. Beyond
question his administration has contributed to
the progress of the city. Flis reasons for polit-
ical action have always been based upon sound
common sense. When he vetoed the freight-
carrying franchise whereby the electric compa-
nies nn'ght have carried freight through the
heart of the city, he did not veto the measure
because the people wanted him to. or because
he felt any desire to injure those corporations,
but because he did not think that any city should
grant such extensive powers to any one, cor-
poration, individual, or any public body. This

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

611

IS but a single instance taken to illustrate a cer-
tain phase of the mayor's career, and yet it is
illustrative of the entire character of the man.
He met the issue fairly and squarely, and de-
cided it on a basis of sound common sense.

FITCH C. E. MATTISON, M. D. Since
establishing himself in professional practice at
Pasadena in i8y8 Dr. Mattison has gained a
reputation as a skillful and reliable physician,
who combines accuracy of diagnosis with
promptness of treatment. Always ambitious to
keep at the fore front of the profession, in 1900
he returned east and took a course of lectures
in the Johns Hopkins Aledical College. At the
same time further opportunity for professional
research was given him through his appointment
as a delegate from the American Medical As-
sociation to the International Medical Congress
in Paris, to which city the Paris Exposition was
at the time drawing thousands of visitors.
While in Europe he had the privilege of spend-
ing some time in hospitals and clinics both in
Paris and London, where he became familiar
with the work of the foremost surgeons of the
world. As his tour was a pleasure trip as
well as a professional opportunity, he traveled
through Germany, Italy and France, and vis-
ited points of interest in the British Isles, re-
turning to the United States after five and one-
lialf months abroad.

Tlie founder of the Mattison family in Amer-
ica came from Scotland to Baltimore, Md.
His son, Capt. John}., who was born at An-
napolis, Md.. became a captain in the trans-
.'Vtlantic trade. Next in line of descent was
.Samuel J., a native of Baltimore and for years
a merchant on Broadway, that city. Removing
to Kentucky, he shortly returned to Baltimore,
where he engaged in business until his retire-
ment. During the Civil war he was a lieutenant
in the First Baltimore Light Artillery, C. S. A.,
and was twice wounded in battle. lie married
Catherine C. Jennings, who was born in Phila-
delphia and now makes Baltimore her home.
Her father, Richard Jennings, a native of Eng-
land, followed the gunsmith's trade in Phila-
delphia, and before and during the Civil war
was in charge of the government arsenal at that
city. Subsequent to the war he conducted
business in New York City and Staten Island.
His death occurred in Cleveland, Ohio, when
he was eighty-five years of age. The ladv
whom he married was a native of England and
a cousin of John B. Cough, the famous tem-
perance orator.

In the family of .Samuel J. .Mattison there were
two daughters and eight" sons, of whom one
daughter and seven sons are now living. The
oldest son. Fitch C. E., was born in Louisville,
Ky., May 4. t86i, and received his education
in public and private schools .,f Annapolis and

Baltimore. Cntil 1881 he assisted his father in
business, but during that year he went to Chi-
cago and became interested in a drug business,
also began the study of medicine. In 1885 he
entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
from which he was graduated in 1888, and since
that time he has taken several post-graduate
courses in Chicago. For ten vears after grad-
uating he had his office in Hyd'e Park, Chicago,
but climatic considerations induced him to settle
in Pasadena, which decision he has had no oc-
casion to regret. While in Chicago he married
;\Iiss Helen H. Blake, who was bora in Chicago
and died in Pasadena in 1899, leaving a daugh-
ter, Bessie E.

An enumeration of the organizations with
which Dr. Mattison is identified includes the Los
Angeles County Medical Society; the Southern
California i\Iedical Society, in which he has been
honored by election as president; the Pasadena
Medical Association ; .A.merican Medical Asso-
ciation ; also the Cook County and Illinois State
Medical Societies, with which he was activelv
identified prior to coming to the Pacific coast.
In social organizations he holds membership in
the \'alley Hunt and Twilight Clubs. Since
coming to Pasadena he has been made a Mason
in Corona Lodge and is also connected with
the chapter and commandery in this city, be-
sides which he is associated with the Benevolent
Protective Order of Elks.

L. F. WEBSTER is one of the enterprising
citizens of Ventura and a well-known contractor
and builder. His biography records the life
efforts of a man who has attained prominence
through the exercise of those substantial traits
of character which are the fundamentals of re-
liable Citizenship, and which enable their owners
not only to grasp, but also to create, oppor-
tunities. He was born in Oberlin, Ohio, No-
vember 17, 1842, and lived in his native state
until 185 1. His father, LaFavette Webster
(named after the immortal General LaFavette),
was born in Utica, N. Y., and became a farmer
near Oberlin, Ohio, where terminated his in-
dustrious career. The paternal grandfather.
Miles, was born in Connecticut, and while a
soldier in the war of 18 12 was wounded at the
burning of Buffalo. His years of activity were
filled with the combined occupations of farm-
ing and school teaching, and his principal places
of residence were Utica, N. Y., and Elyria,
(Jhio. The mother of Mr. Webster, Emeline
( Holly) Webster, was born in Ohio, her parents
having removed there from Washington countv.
New York. She was of English descent, and
died in \entura in 1898, at the age of eightv-
four years. Of the four boys in the family, L.
F. is the second; La Roy died in Ohio; La Torrv
is a farmer at Carpinteria, Cal., and served in
the Civil war in Company B, Second Iowa Jn-

01 8

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

fantry; and La Oinri is a farmer at Put-in-Bay,
Ohio.

The greater portion of the early education
of L. F. Webster was acquired in Wisconsin,
his father having removed to the vicinity of
Madison m 185 1. He attended the public
schools and the University of Wisconsin, from
which institution he decamped at the breaking
t ut of the Civil war, having neglected the for-
mality of stating his intentions to his superiors.
In September of 1861 he volunteered in Com-
pany B, Second Wisconsin Infantry, and served
in the army of the Potomac until July of 1862,
when he was mustered out for physical disabil-
ity. After a return to Ohio he re-enlisted at
Columbus in 1863 in Company M, Third Ohio
Cavalry, and was through the entire campaign
of Sherman with the McPherson corps, and
served until July 22, 1864. On this well-remem-
bered day himself and three others on advance
guard ran into a couple of rebel regiments and
were captured and sent to Andersonville, where
they remained for over nine months, or until
April I, when they were taken to Vicksburg and
paroled. He then returned home and was mus-
tered out at Columbus, June 26, 1865. In direct
contrast to the horrors of his imprisonment at
Andersonville was the escape from the impend-
ing doom of the Sultana, the ill-fated explosion
of which was heralded all over the country.
From Vicksburg he was expected to go on this
boat, but instead was sent on board a hospital
ship, and thus was spared for future years of
usefulness. His death, however, was chronicled
in the press of the day, and his friends supposed
!iim to be a victim of the catastrophe.

With the restoration of peace Mr. Webster re-
turned to Ohio and engaged in the grape indus-
try at Put-in-Bay Island, and also engaged in
educational work. While here he married, Oc-
tober 2-j, 1869, Harriet Brackett Haskin, who
was born in Hannibal, Oswego county, N. Y.
Mrs. Webster, who is one of the prominent
women of Ventura, is of English descent, and
comes of a family who were political refugees
from England to Wales. They eventually set-
tled in New England, some of them removing
to Vermont, where the paternal grandfather,
Heman, was born. He was a farmer in later
years in New York, and also a merchant tailor,
and married in his young manhood Nancy Wel-
ler. daughter of Dan Weller, one of the soldiers
of the Revolutionary war. The great-great-
grandfather Weller was also a soldier in the
Revolution. The father of Mrs. Webster, Dan
Weller Haskin. was born at Fort -Ann, Wash-
ington county, N. Y., and became a farmer in
Oswego county. In 1862 he removed to Co-
lumbia county. Wis., and died at Fall River,
Wis., in 1871. He married Hannah ISrackctt,
who wa.s burn in Pittsfield, Mass., a daughter
of Tames Brackett, also a native of Massachu-

setts. James Brackett married Anna Flower,
a member of the Flower family which claim the
late Governor Flow^er of New York and were
represented by Major Lamrock Flower and his
son, Major VVilliam Flower, in the Revolution-
ary war. The Bracketts were represented in
America and AIassachi:setts as early as 1634.
The bearers of this name have ever distin-
guished themselves in peace and war, and
have been particularly prominent in mold-
ing the political thought and tendency of their
time. The great-grandfather, Nathan B., followed
the fortunes of Washington through the Revo-
lutionary war, and his descendants fought cour-
ageously in the war of 1812 and the Civil war.
Mrs. Haskin, who died at Skaneateles. N. Y.,
was the mother of three children, namely: James
Heman, w-ho is the proprietor of the Revere
House at \'entura; Mrs. Webster and Truman
Harrison, who died in Columbus, Wis., at the
age of thirty years. Mrs. Webster was educated
at the public schools in New York, and when
seventeen years of age began to engage in edu-
cational work, and during the twenty-three
terms of her service taught in New York, Ohio,
Indiana, Wisconsin, and California. She has
taken a leading part in various forward move-
ments in \'entura, and was president of the local
Woman's Suffrage Society for one term. She
is a member of the Woman's Christian Temper-
ance L^nion and the Woman's Relief Corps. To
Mr. and Mrs. Webster has been born one child,
Capt. H. B. Webster who is ex-editor of the
Ventura Signal, captain of the Ventura Sons of
Veterans, and has one child, Morris La Fevre.
He was formerly the owner of a little schooner
plying between Ventura and the islands of the
channel, engaged in seal fishing and freighting.
The maternal heart of Mrs. Webster has ex-
tended to the needs of other children than her
own son and there are several whom she has
reared and trained into paths of goodness and
usefulness who also call her mother.

In the spring of 1871 Mr. Webster left Ohio
and came to Santa Barbara, Cal., where he be-
came interested in contracting mason and
cement work, and also engaged in farming. In
1876 he purchased a ranch on the Santa Ana
and extensively engaged in ranching, grain rais-
ing and building, and in 1886 came to Ventura,
which has since been his home. Among the
notable constructions which are monuments of
his skill as a builder and contractor may be men-
tioned the Avenue bridge, Padre Juan bridge, of
Santa Clara county, and most of the foundations
of the best residences and buildings in Ventura.
The interests of Mr. Webster are by no means
self centered, for his help and support may be
counted on for the furthering of all wise
schemes of improveiuent. He has been promi-
nent in the ]iolitical undertakings of his town
;ind count V, and on the Republican ticket was

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

613

elected marshal of Ventura, which position he
held for two years. He is one of the best-
known members of the Republican Club, and
was president of the same in 1896. l-'raternally
he is associated with the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, the Encampment, and the Can-
ton, and is a member of the Grand Army of the
Republic, Gushing Post No. 44.

THOMAS BONES. The family represented
by this citizen of Los Angeles is of English ori-
gin. He was born in county Sussex, England,
November i, 1842, and in 1848 was brought to
America by his parents, Thomas and Mary
(Buss) Bones, natives respectively of Sussex and
Kent. The family consisted of ten children, all
but one of whom attained mature years, and
eight are still living, three of these being resi-
dents of California, while tite others are making
their homes in Wisconsin. In order of birth they
are Mary, Thomas, William, Ellen, George and
Edward (both of Los Angeles), Arthur and
Anna. The grandfather, Arthur Bones, was a
native of Sussex and for more than forty-five
years served as sexton of the church at Sail-
hurst; he lived to be ninety-six years old. The
father, on coming to America, settled in Madison
county, N. Y., but in 1867 removed to Vernon
county. Wis., and there died at fifty-eight years
of age. Throughout all of his life he followed
farm pursuits.

The boyhood years of Thomas Bones were
passed principally upon a farm in New York.
During the Civil war he desired to enlist in
the LTnion army and volunteered his services,
but was rejected on account of crippled wrists.
When twenty years of age he started out in the
-world for himself, his first venture being as a far-
mer in the county of Madison, N. Y. In
1865 he removed to the vicinity of Hillsboro,
Wis., which was then a new country, with few-
improvements and a sparse population. Immedi-
ately after his arrival he bought a tract of raw-
land, to the clearing of which he resolutely set
himself. One of his first improvements was the
building of a liouse, which, though of logs, was
homelike and comfortable. L'nder his energetic
oversight forty acres were cleared and improved.
In 1872 he removed to Rochester, Minn., and
three years later, on account of his wife's health,
lie came to California to make his home, h'or
a year he engaged in the manufacture of lumber
at Redwoods, after which he came to Los .An-
geles and followed carpentering for three years.
His next venture was as a farmer on the Ro-
secrans tract, where he bought three hundred
and twenty acres and has since conducted ex-
tensive farm pursuits. Besides cultivating the
land that he owned, he rented lands and engaged
in grain and hay growing. Under his capable
management the ]-)ropcrty ;)rove(l remunerative
and, tlnugh now rented to nther parties, is still

a source of considerable revenue to him. In 1894
he came to Los Angeles and erected the resi-
dence at No. 1002 West Jefferson street where
he has since resided. Politically he has voted
with the Republicans in every community where
he has made his home, and his support of the
principles of the party is as ardent now as it was
in his early manhood, but he has never identi-
fied himself with local jjolitics nor has he ever
cared to hold ofiice. While living in Minnesota
he was n-iarried near Rochester to Miss Martha
C. Murdock, who was born in Rutland county,
\t., and accompanied her parents, Henrv and
Eunice (Hatch) Murdock, to Wisconsin' in a
\-ery early day, later removing to Minnesota,
where she was reared and educated. A son,
Henry Harvey, has been born to the union of
Mr. and Mrs. Bones. The family stands high in
the various communities where thev have lived,
and number many intimate friends and well-
wishers among their acquaintances both east
and west.

JAMES D. CLAPP. Tracing the ancestrv
of the Clapp family, we find that thev were iden-
tified with the early history of New England.
Nathan, the father of J. D. Clapp, was a native
of Connecticut, where he grew to manhood and
married. When J. D. was a child of two years,
the faniily settled in York, Livingston county,
N. Y., and there his boyhood years were un-
eventfully passed. While educational advan-
tages in those days were exceedingly meager,
he was so diligent and ambitious that he ac-
quired an excellent education, principally
through attendance in the Wyoming' (N. Y.')
Academy, a well-known institution of that dav.
He was especially talented as a penman, an"d
his fine writing always attracted attention and
praise. For a time he taught penmanship in
Temple Hill Academy, at Geneseo, N. Y.. but
later he turned his attention to the mercantile
business. Ill health prevented him from joining
the army and aiding the government in securing
the downfall of slavery.' During the war he
made his home in Hazel Green, Delaware
county, Iowa, but later returned to Livingston
county, N. Y., and established himself upon a
farm. However, not finding himself benefited
by the change, he determined to come to Cali-
foniia, where he hoped that the balmv air and
sunshine would restore his health. the year
1871 found him in Riverside, where he soon re-
gained his health to a considerable degree.
.\ttracted by the place, he decided to cast in his
fortunes with it, believing that in time the then
village would become a ])opulous city. Nor was
his faith misplaced. He lived to see Riverside
one of the best-known fruit sections of .\merica,
and had the satisfaction of realizing that he had
been a factor in securing this desired result.

In-imediatoly ;ifter coming Id Rix'crside. .\lr.

614

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Qapp bought twenty acres on Brockton avenue,
which he set out in oranges of various kinds,
as well as other fruits. In 1883 he bou,?ht two
and one-fourth acres on Ninth street and erected
a residence that is now occupied by Mrs. Clapp
and her daughter, j\liss Helen. Here his last
days were quietly and happily passed, and here
his death occurred, March 23, 1896, when he
was seventy-eight years of age. His various
enterprises had brought him prosperity, and he
was able to surround his family with all the
comforts of existence. During his entire busi-
ness career he never showed the recklessness
of investment sometimes found among men. On
the other hand, he was very conservative, arriv-
ing at decisions only after having carefully
weighed every side of the question, so that
when he had 'made up his mind regarding any
venture he seldom had cause to afterward
change his opinion.

MAXWELL K. BARRETTO. The city mar-
shal and tax collector of Santa Monica is one of
the early settlers of the town, having come here
in the spring of 1886 a few months before its
incorporation as a city. The family of which
he is a member, established a home in New
York in a very early day and succeeding gen-
erations have been identified with the state. His
father, Francis, was born in New York City and
spent his entire active life as a merchant of that
metropolis, where he died at an advanced age.
Maxwell K. Barretto was a native of New York
City and received his education in its schools,
remaining there as a business man until 1876,
when he removed to California. He established
himself in the then insignificant hamlet of Los
Angeles, whose American population was still
quite small. Looking about him for a suitable
occupation and location, he saw the possibilities
of ranching and became interested in lands near
Downey. He made a specialty of the dairy
business and owned a large number of milch
cows. About 1875 his brother, F. J., had settled
in Southern California and the two were asso-
ciated together for three years, when they sepa-
rated their interests, and the brother died about
1887.

As deputy sheriff Mr. Barretto served under
W. R. Rowland and James C. Kays. On coming
to Santa Monica he was made constable and in
1888 was elected to the office of marshal, which
he held continuously until 1894. During that
year he resigned in order to accept a position
as deputy collector of customs in charge of the
sub-port of Port Los Angeles. This position
lie filled until the fall of 1897. when a change of
administration caused him to resign. In the
spring of 1898 he was elected marshal and ex-
officio tax collector, and two years later was re-
elected to the office, which he si ill fills. He is

a leading Democrat in .Santa Monico and has
been a member of the county central committee.
In religion he is of the Episcopalian faith. The
Knights of Pythias, Independent Order of For-
esters, Foresters of .\merica and Independent
Order of Odd Fellows (in the last-named of
which he is a past officer), have enrolled the
name of Mr. Barretto in their membership lists.
His long service as marshal proves the confi-
dence which the people have in his integrity and
faithfulness as an officer.

O. N. CADWELL. From a comparatively
small beginning when he started out to make his
own way in the w^orld at the age of twenty-one,
Mr. Cadwell has steadily advanced in his knowl-
edge of agriculture and business in general, imtil
10-day he is one of the successful ranchers of
the Carpinteria valley, and enjoys the regard of
all his associates. He was born in Allegany
county, N. Y., in 1830, his parents being Eras-
tus T. and Abigail (Phillips) Cadwell, natives
respectively of Connecticut and New Hamp-
shire. He was reared on his father's farm and
educated in the public schools, and when nine-
teen years of age went to Ottawa county,
Mich., where he bought a farm and cleared it
from timber and brush. His eiTorts here were
fairly successful, and he remained in Michigan
until 1858, when he' sold out and came to Cali-
fornia, via Panama to San Francisco. Upon
locating in Lake county he pre-empted a gov-
ernment right on land, and was among the
first to raise any kind of crops in that part of
the state.

In 1868 Mr. Cadwell removed with his familv
to Carpinteria, and bought thirty-three acres of
timber land which he cleared at a great expense
of time and labor, and to which he later added
until he now owns nearly three hundred acres.
The land is devoted to fruit culture in the main.
although general farming is engaged in to some
extent, and he raises a great many walnuts. He
was among the first to set out an orchard in the
Carpinteria valley, and among the first to realize
the extent of the possibilities of this part of the
country. That success has attended the im-
provement of his chances is owing to his inde-
fatigable energy and persistent application to
business. As proof of his confidence in the con-
tinued prosperity of the county, and his inten-
tion to make this his pennanent abiding place,
he has invested in real estate in different towns
in the county, notably in Santa Barbara.

Mr. Cadwell is prominent in the general activi-
ties of the community in which he lives, and his
common sense oi)inions and ability have made
him a valuable addition in connection with sev-
eral of the most important enterprises of the
lounty. He is a member and director in the
.Santa 1'arbara Cnniity Horticultural Society, and

CHARLES GRIMES

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

617

is recognized as having at his disposal the re-
sults of a profound research along horticultural
lines. He is affiliated with the Masonic order at
Santa Barbara.

CHARLES GRIMES. It has been the good
fortune of Mr. Grimes to succeed beyond his
expectations in the California enterprises in
which he has been interested, and few have more
readily adapted themselves to western oppor-
tunities for advancement. Nor can it be said
that his youth held more than ordinary induce-
ments to make the most of himself, for he comes
of humble parentage, and was second in a family
of eight children, all of whom were obliged to
shift for themselves at an early age. The family
of which he is a member have for many years
been connected with I\Iontgomery county, Md.,
where his paternal grandfather was a farmer,
living to be ninety-five years of age. His
father, Charles H. Grimes, was born and died
in Montgomery county, and during his years
of activity was a shoemaker by trade. His
mother, formerly Sarah Ann Hobbs, was born
and died in Maryland, and of her eight children
six are living, Charles, and the oldest son,
W. T., being the only ones on the coast.

Charles Grimes was born in Montgomery
county, Md.. September 20, 1859, and was reared
on the paternal farm. When twenty years of
age, in 1879, he removed to Dallas, Tex., and
for a year was employed on the construction of
the Texas Pacific Railroad. He afterward went
to Fort Worth, Tex., where he worked on the
construction of the Missouri Pacific Railroad,
and in i88i worked on the Burlington & Mis-
souri Railroad, from McCook, Neb., to the
Hegler ranch in Colorado. Owing to the strike
of 1882 he returned to Baltimore, Md., and
found employment for a year as foreman for the
Granite Company at Woodstock, and was then
engaged on the construction of the Baltimore
& Maryland Railroad out of Baltimore. In Oc-
tober of 1885 he came to Pasadena in the em-
ploy of his brother, who had started a cigar,
pool and billiard enterprise in 1883, and con-
tinued in this capacity until resigning in Feb-
ruary of 1 89 1. During the same year he started
an independent business along the same line on
South Fair Oaks avenue, and disposed of the
same to R. H. Gaylord in 1897. On a small
scale Mr. Grimes then engaged in the restaurant
business on South Fair Oaks avenue, and so
good an investment did this prove that he has
since found it necessary to several times in-
crease the capacity of his establishment, and is
now most advantageouslv located in a new
building called the Ward block, on South Fair
Oaks. To his original business he has added
cigars, four pool and billiard tables, and two
bowling alleys. The Grimes restaurant and

amusement center is popular, and nets its pro-
prietor a handsome yearly income.

In partnership with Mr. Sturtevant, Mr.
Grimes is doing business in the tourist accom-
modation line, and as Sturtevant & Grimes has
gained a reputation as entertainers and caterers
to the pleasure seekers of this region. They
are especially interested in promoting Martin's
Camp and Wilson's Peak, the latter above the
clouds, and replete with grand and inspiring
views of the surrounding mountain ranges. The
firm supply burros, tents, and all necessities for
an ideal camp existence, and the grounds are
well fitted with rustic seats, chairs and ham-
mocks. Unfurnished tents may be had for $1.50
for one person, or $2.50 for two persons; and
furnished tents for $5.00 a week, or $12.00 a
month. At the camp stores provisions, fresh
fruits, vegetables, meats and bread are furnished
at reasonable rates, and a laundry is also avail-
able for guests. Sixty head of burros are owned
by the firm, and plenty of games and opportuni-
ties for hunting and fishing add to the attrac-
tions of these typical southern California resorts.

In Pasadena Mr. Grimes married Florence E.
Black, a native of Ohio, and of this union have
been born two children, Zillah and Gladys. Mr.
Grimes is popular in fraternal circles in' Califor-
nia. Made a Mason in Pasadena in 1895, he is
a member of Pasadena Lodge No. 272, F. & A.
M., the chapter, and commanderv, and Al
Malakiah Temple, N. M. S. He is also a mem-
ber of the Woodmen of the World, the Knights
of the Maccabees, the Benevolent Protective
Order of Elks, and Uniform Rank, Knights
of Pythias, in which latter he has ©fficiated as
district deputy. Mr. Grimes is a Democrat in
politics, a member of the Board of Trade, and a
member of the Merchants' Protective Associa-
tion. He is the owner of a finely improved
ranch of five acres on Allen avenue, which is
under navel and late Valencia oranges. This
property is fitted with a well pumped by a gaso-
line engine, the only well in the valley which
can be pumped with a long stroke.

WILLIAM ALEXANDRE THOMPSON.
Though of Irish parentage, Mr. Thompson is
of Scotch descent, his paternal grandfather hav-
ing been a native of Aberdeen, Scotland. His
father, William, who was born near London-
derry, Ireland, settled in Ontario about 1839.
bringing with him his wife, Sarah (Curtis)
Thompson, and their three children. Thereafter
he gave his attention to the improvement of
farms, (he buying and selling of lands and the
raising of stock, and met with encouraging suc-
cess until the age of fifty-two years, when he
was accidentally killed bv being thrown from
his horse. His wife was born near Derr)', Ire-
land, and now makes her home in Nebraska.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Both were reared in the Presbyterian faith and
became communicants of that church. They
had seven children, namely: Sarah A., of Den-
ver. Colo.: James and Mathilda, who live in
Ontario: Eliza, residing in Iowa; Margaret, of
Ontario; William A., of Tropico, Los Angeles
county, Cal.; and Rebecca, a resident of Litch-
field, Neb.

On the home farm at Mitchell. Perch county,
Ontario, William Alexandre Thompson was
born August 22, 1853. When he was eleven
years of age his father died, and afterward he
remained with his mother until he was eighteen.
The next two years were spent with an uncle,
John Curtis, oii a farm. About 1872 he came
to the states, but fifteen months later returned
to Ontario and spent a year at home. His next
location was Shell Rock Ealls, Iowa, where he
engaged in farming for two years. During that
time, at Cedar Rapids, he' married Charlotte
JMinshull, who was born in England and died in
California. Two children were born of this
union, namely: Arthur Russell, a farmer and
stockman in Nebraska; and Lottie May, who
also lives in Nebraska.

As a railroad man Mr. Tliompson gained his
first experience in Canada in November, 1876.
A year later he became foreman on the Grand
Trunk Railroad at Flint, Mich. Two years later
he was transferred to Blue Island, 111. After six
months he was promoted to be assistant road-
master on the Chicago division, which position
he held nearly two years. He then accepted a
position on tlie Canadian Pacific, but after only
a month resigned. In 1884 he became foreman
for the Southern Pacific road at Tulare, Cal.,
from there was transferred to Bakersfield. next
to Caliente and later to Fresno. In 1888 he
was appointed roadmaster of the Fresno division,
and in June of the following year was transferred
to Yuma, Ariz. While there he married Miss
Vena Louise Ewing, who was bom in Flint,
Mich. The only child of this union is .Adeline
Ewing Thompson.

Tlie location at Yuma not being agreeable.
Mr. Thompson resigned and went to Bealville,
Cal., as section foreman, from which place he
was transferred to Los Angeles, in December,
1893, as foreman of section 45, San Joaquin
division. In this capacity he has been retained
to the present time, havmg charge of six miles
and its siding. As a railroad man he has been
painstaking and energetic. In 1895 he built a
residence in Tropico, where he has since made his
home, and at this writing he is erecting another
house here. His interest in educational matters
has led him to accept an appointment as a mem-
ber of the Tropico district school board, and
during the six years he has held this office he
has been very helpful in advancing the interests
of the school. Politically he is a stanch Repub-
lican. While living ni Illinois he was made a

Mason in the Blue Island Lodge, and now holds
membership in East Gale Lodge No. 290, in
Los Angeles. Personally he is a genial and
companionable man, who numbers a host of
friends among the people ot Southern California.

ABNER RUSH. This veteran of the Civil
war, now residing in Santa Barbara, w-as born
in Berlin township, Trumbull county, Ohio,
February i, 1832. The family is of German de-
scent, and the paternal grandfather, John, was
a native of Pennsylvania, removing to Youngs-
town, Ohio, where he owned and managed a
farm up to the time of his death. Eli Rush, the
father of Abner, was born in Westmoreland
county, Pa., and was eighteen months old when
his father settled in Ohio. His education was
received in the Youngstown schools. In 1846
he settled in Pike county. 111., where he farmed
for two years. His next locations were, succes-
sively. Sangamon and Morgan counties. 111., and
Nebraska, in which latter state his death oc-
curred. His wife, Jane (Parkhurst) Rush, was
born in Ohio, of Scotch descent, and died in
Kansas. She was the mother of two sons and
four daughters, of whom one son and three
daughters are living, Abner being the third in
order of birth.

Until his fourteenth year Abner Rush lived
in Ohio, and then accompanied the family to Illi-
nois, via the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, settling
at Perry opposite Naples. After studying in
local schools, he began to teach, following that
occupation for three years. Later he engaged
in the mercantile business at Elkhart. 111., and
ilien at Springfield, same state. In Illinois, in
1836. he married Ellen Perkins, who was born
in Indiana of Kentucky parentage and was a
cousin of ex-Senator Saunders of Nebraska. A
son of this union, John T. Rush, is living in
Portland, Ore., and was for years connected
with the Northern Pacific Railroad Company.
.\lso, two daughters of this union are now living,
one in Lincoln, Neb., the other in Kansas. Iii
1862 Mr. Rush volunteered in Company A.
One Hundred and Fifteenth Illinois Infantry, at
Springfield, and was made fourth sergeant. He
served in Kentucky until he was taken ill with
valvular heart trouble, and was obliged to remain
in the hospital until his honorable discharge, in
March of 1863. for the same trouble. Return-
ing to Springfield, for a short time he engaged
in tlie mercantile business, and afterward became
interested in fire insurance, traveling in that ca-
pacity over Illinois and Missouri for about four
years. Removing to Lincoln. Neb., he engaged
in teaching school and later in commercial enter-
prise. In 1882 he removed to Santa Barbara.
Cal. Between the years 1887 and 1894 he lived
on a ranch in Montecito valley, afterward re-
turning to ."^anl.-i r.;irbara. where he nnw makes

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

619

his home. He was the first lecturer in Santa
Barbara county for the Farmers' Alliance and
Industrial Union, and was one of the organizers
of the Farmers' Alliance. In politics he is in-
dependent, though inclining to the principles of
the People's party.

Tlie second marriage of Mr. Rush took place
in Los Angeles June 22, 1884, his wife being
Mrs. Emma F. Seaverns, a native of Water-
town, N. Y., and a daughter of Truman and
Meriel (Graves) Murray, also natives of New
York. Her paternal grandfather, Ichabod Mur-
ray, was born in \"ermont, and married Lois,
daughter of Lieutenant Doty, a soldier of the
war of 1812. The record of the Doty family is
traced back to the historic Mayflower, and its
members participated in the Revolutionary war.
Truman Murray was the youngest of twelve
children, and became a brick and stone mason
and contractor. Removing to Wisconsin in
1S44, he settled m Beloit, thence went to Jef-
ferson, and about 1857 settled in Galesburg, 111.
During the Civil war he served as drum major in
an Illinois regiment, but was honorably dis-
charged by reason of physical disability. After
the war he lived for a time in Aurora, 111., then
went to Pawpaw, Mich., and in 1872 came
to California. He died in Santa Barbara in 1879,
at the age of seventy-four years. Fraternally he
was a member of the Masonic order. His wives
were all natives of New York. Of the first union
two children were born, one now living. A half
brother, William T. Alurray, served in the Civil
war and is now living m Peoria, 111. Mrs. Rush
was born in 1842 and was six days old when
!ier mother died. She was reared in Wisconsin
and Illinois and received her education in Lom-
bard University. In May of 1872 she came to
Santa Barbara and in the fall of the same year
was married to Henry H. Seaverns, of Dorches-
ter, Mass., who came in 1848 to California via
Cape Horn. During the days of gold he mined
m the northern part of the state, but finally
bought a ranch in Montecito, where he died in
1876. Of this union there was one child, Alice,
who is now Mrs. H. C. Jenkins, of Carpinteria.
To Mr. and Mrs. Rush have been born two chil-
dren, Pearl and Amy Ruby.

H. L. COFFMAN, M. D. A thorough medi-
cal course, embracing the study of the profes-
sion in all of its branches, has qualified Dr. Cofif-
man for successful practice in Santa Monica,
his chosen field of labor. In deciding to make
this profession his life work, it was his ambition
to equip himself thoroughly, and he entered upon
his studies with all the ardor and determination
of youth. During 1896 he was a student in the
University of Southern California, but the fol-
lowing year transferred his attention from its lit-
erary course to its* medical department. In 1898

he matriculated in the Medico-Chirurgical Col-
lege of Philadelphia, from which he was gradu-
ated in 1 90 1. Meantime he had secured consid-
erable professional experience in local hospitals
and now has a diploma from the Philadelphia
Lying-in Charity. Immediately after graduat-
ing he came to Santa Monica to enter upon ac-
tive practice, and in addition to this he has also
become interested in horticulture. As president
of the company that owns Rancho Del Mar, he
"nas been engaged in improving the land and
has set out eighty acres in soft-shell walnuts.
The ranch lies three miles from town and will
undoubtedly in time become one of the valu-
able properties of the coast region.

Four generations of the CofTman family were
born in Virginia, whither the original ancestors
came from Holland. Various members took
part in the colonial and Revolutionary wars, and
patriotism has always been a family characteris-
tic. Charles A. Coffman, the Doctor's father,
was born in Botetourt county, Va., October
25. 1833, a son of Samuel Coffman, who was a
planter near Lynchburg. When fifteen years old
he went to Illinois and was employed as a guard
in the state penitentiary at Alton. In 185 1 he
started across the plains with wagons and ox-
teams, and after a perilous journey of six
months landed in Marysville, where he mined.
Returning to Virginia in 1859, he married Mary
Elizabeth Hampton, who was born in Bedford
county, that state, August 30, 1839, and died in
Los Angeles in 1870. They became the parents
of four children, namely: Frank A., born No-
vember 24, 1861, now' a horticulturist of Ri-
vera; Mattie, Mrs. H. S. White, of Rivera; Ed-
gar C, born September 20, 1864, now a large
walnut-raiser of Rivera; and Harry L., who was
born in Sacramento, Cal., October i, 1866, and
is now a physician of Santa Monica.

Accompanied by his wife and one brother, in
i860 Charles A. Cofifman returned to Califor-
nia with a train of emigrants. On his arrival in
Marysville he resumed mining and freighting,
doing much hauling from Sacramento and
Marysville to Carson City and the Comstock
mines in Nevada and also into Idaho. In 1868 he
sold out his freighting business and in the fall of
1869 came to Los Angeles. From 1877 he lived
on a tract of land at Ranchito until his death,
October 11, 1898. The two hundred and fifty
acres that he improved were largely devoted to
walnut-raising, and he was one of the ver>- first
men in Southern California who took up the
growing of soft-shell walnuts as a probable re-
munerative industry. Almost one hundred acres
were in this product, in the raising of which he
was remarkably successful. He assisted in or-
ganizing the Walnut Growers' Association of
Southern California and afterwards served as a
director until his death. Politically he always
voted with the Democratic party, and in fraternal

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD

relations he was connected with the Odd Fel-
lows. To those pioneers of Los Angeles county
who survive his name brings up feelings of deep-
est regard for his many manly qualities and re-
gret that he has gone from among his former
associates.

As success rewarded the efiforts of C. A. Cofif-
man it became possible for him to surround his
family with every comfort and give to his chil-
dren the educational advantages of which he
had been deprived. His older sons adopted the
occupacion in which their father had met with
such unusual success; but the youngest son
early showed professional aspirations and was
therefore given a liberal education, graduating
from the Los Angeles high school in 1884. For
some years afterward he devoted his attention to
the improvement of a twenty-acre ranch of wal-
nuts, but he never lost sight of his cherished
desire to become a physician, and finally entered
the profession. He is a member of various pro-
fessional societies, and is also connected with the
Southern California Orange Growers' Associa-
tion. For many years, under Mr. Scott, he
served as horticultural inspector. His political
views bring him into sympathy with the Repub-
lican party, and in fraternal connections he is a
member of the Independent Order of Foresters.
His marriage, in Santa Monica, united him with
Nellie, daughter of James M. Orr, of this city.
They have one son. Earl. The family attend
the Presbyterian Church, of which Mrs. Coff-
man is a member.

NEAL CALLAFIAN. This successful and
popular hotel man of Santa Barbara was born in
Buffalo, N. Y., November 25. 1869, a son of
Timothy Callahan, for many years a grain mer-
chant of Buffalo, and later one of the clerks in
the surrogate office. His mother, Alary (Hughes')
Callahan, was born in Ireland, and was the
mother of thirteen children, eight of whom at-
tained maturity, and five are now living. Until
his twelfth )ear Mr. Callahan lived in Buffalo,
N. Y., and then removed to Cleveland where for
five years he engaged in tile setting. He then
became clerk for Mr. Brennan, of the Empire
Hotel, and later filled a similar position at the
Oxford. Following still further the fortunes of
Mr. Brennan, he came to California in 1889 as
clerk of the Hoffman House in Los Angeles,
returning again wiih his employer to Cleveland,
where he remained until locating in Santa Bar-
bara in 1894, as manager of the New Morris
House. In 1899 himself and sister, Mrs. Bren-
nan, sold the Ne\y Morris House, after which
Mr. Callahan went to San Francisco and for a
short time there eiigaged in the hotel business.
Upon returning to Santa Barbara he ran the
Langham for seven months, and then took up
the management of the Mascarel and New Mor-

ris in partnership with his sister, Airs. Brennan.
In the combined hotels there are one hundred
and twenty-five rooms, the rates at the Alascarel
being from $2.00 to $2.50 per day, and at the
New Morris, $1.50 to $2.00 per day. Both ho-
tels arc conducted on first-class principles, and
one may be comfortably housed and well fed in
the midst of the most agreeable surrounding*.
In Cleveland, Ohio, Mr. Callahan married
Jennie Hawks, who was born in Ravenna, Ohio.
Mr. Cailahan is a Democrat in politics, and is
a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Fra-
ternally he is connected with the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, the Independent Order
of Foresters, and is one of the charter members
of the FJenevolent Protective Order of Elks, of
which he was one of the organizers and is the
present treasurer. Air. Callahan has a bright
future before him in the hotel business, and he
is a worthy successor of that other hotel man,
John Brennan, who is so well remembered by
his hosts of friends, and under whose wise and
conservative instruction he received his first les-
sons in the art of successfully entertaining the
migrating public.

ISAAC M. CLARK. Though principally
known as one of the most scientific and success-
ful farmers in the Lompoc region. Air. Clark has
several just claims for distinction, not the least
of which is a mechanical ability practically dem-
onstrated by several useful inventions. Among
these is a spray for destroying insect pests on
fruit trees, known as the I. AI. Clark coal oil
and lye wash spraying process, -which also stim-
ulates the growth of the tree, and has been of-
fered by him to the United States Government
department of agriculture. It was patented in
1901. Another invention is a device to prevent
a baby chair from tipping over. This ability
is undoubtedly inherited from his father, Abra-
ham Clark, who was born in New York state,
and during early life was a practical mechanic,
in later life turning his attention to farming. He
first came to California in 1852, and in 1836 re-
moved his family to Alameda county, where his
death occurred in 1876, at the age of seventy-
four years. He married in his young manhood
Leah Spear, a lineal descendant of the original
owner of Trinity church. New York City.

The seventh in a family of ten children, nine
(jf whom are still living in California, I. AI. Clark
was born in Alonroe county. Alich., January
16, 1845. His impression of the place of his
birth is rather vague, for he was but ten years
of age when the father, mother and eight chil-
dren uiade the trip to California. He therefore
owes his education to western schools, and that
substantial agricultural training so usefully and
successfully applied in his mature years. His
earliest laudable ambition was to possess a farm

-.^^^Tt-Wz

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of his own, and to become through the exercise
of his own energies one of those capable and
practical tillers of the soil, upon the efiforts of
whom depends the prosperity or depression of
the whole country. The first decided change that
entered his life was in March of 1865, when he
enlisted at San Jose in Company E, First Cali-
fornia Volunteer Cavalry, under Captain Mc-
Elroy, having previously spent three years as
a member of the Home Guard. The regiment
was sent to Arizona and the chief duty of Mr.
Clark w-as as escort with the paymaster, in which
capacity he rode in all three thousand miles.
When the year was up he was honorably dis-
charged at Drum Barracks, Los Angeles, in
1866.

After the war Mr. Clark traveled over the
state in search of a desirable permanent location,
and in 1868 settled in the Pajaro valley with his
brother, W. G., near Watsonville. Later they
purchased a stock farm of nine hundred acres
in San Benito county, and became extensively
engaged in the raising of hogs and horses, the
partnership amicably continuing until 1878,
when Mr. Clark became the agent for Major J.
L. Rathbone. His duties and responsibilities were
varied, and extended to the management of the
major's large ranches, and to the sale of his
lands. In 1885 Mr. Clark gave up this line of
work and decided to go into an independent
business, removing the same year to Lompoc,
where he purchased eighty acres of land to
which was soon added ten more acres, the whole
lying at a corner of the town. This property has
been so well developed that it has few superiors
in the neighborhood, and has netted its owner
more than fair returns for labor and capital in-
vested. A comfortable and pleasant residence
adorns the ranch, and modern and convenient
barns and outbuildings have from time to time
been erected. The best procurable implements
make light work of the raising of crops, beans
being a staple article, but a specialty is also made
of all kinds of fruit, particularly apples.

The subject of mining has of late years been
prominently connected with Mr. Clark's money
making ventures, and it is safe to predict that
he will in the future have the same good luck
which has attended him in the past. He has in-
terests in the Kramer mining district in San Ber-
nardino county, the results of which are already
gratifying. The mines are located nine miles
south of Kramer, and there are to be found
gold, iron, silver, and lead. He also owns an-
other quarter section in the district where oil
wells are being developed. For his interests in
Kramer Mr. Clark is indebted to the sugges-
tions made him by his wife's brother, D. T. Dun-
can, who is the efficient and successful manager
of the Kramer mining property.

In 1879 Mr. Clark married Juliet C, daughter
of Mrs. A. E. Duncan, a native of Missouri, and

who came to California when one year old. Mr.
and Mrs. Clark have adopted Vida Fern, who is
four and a half years old. A Republican for
many years, Mr. Clark espoused the cause of
the Democratic party in 1896, since which time
his votes have been in sympathy with the latter
party. He is affiliated with the Presbyterian
Church, and is a member of the Grand Army of
the Republic.

CAPT. ALEXANDER C. DRAKE. There
is no portion of the life of Captain Drake con-
cerning which he has greater reason to be proud
than the period of his service in the Civil war,
when, as captain of Company I, Eighth Maine
Infantry, he led his men in more than one de-
cisive engagement. He was born at Plymouth,
Penobscot county. Me., February 27, 1840, his
parents being Richard and Lucinda (Cooper)
Drake, natives respectively of Lenity and Plym-
outh, Me. His maternal grandfather, Alex-
ander Cooper, was a farmer by occupation and
of English descent. The paternal grandfather,
Richard Drake, Sr., was born in Bridgewater,
Mass., of English ancestry, and was a soldier in
the war of 1812. Removing to Maine, he settled
at Unity, Waldo county, where he engaged in
farming and the manufacture of brick. Through
much of his active life Richard, Jr., was a
farmer at Detroit, Somerset county. Me., and
there his death occurred; his widow still makes
that place her home. Of their ten children
Alexander Cooper Drake was second in order
of birth. The others now living are as follows:
Mrs. Clarissa Harding of Detroit, Me.; Herbert
L., a tanner of Mellen, Wis.; Mrs. Emma Rich,
of Auburn, Me.; Richard, and ]\Irs. Vina Cook,
both of Detroit, Me. There were three sons in
the Civil war: Alexander C; Alvin, of the
First Maine Cavalry, who died of yellow fever
in Florida after the close of the Rebellion: and
William Hannibal, who served in the United
States navy until his death, which occurred dur-
ing the war at Brazier City, La.

Leaving the home farm at seventeen years of
age, Alexander C. Drake began to learn the
tanner's trade m Detroit, Me. When the first
call came for volunteers, April 25, 1861, he was
the first man to volunteer from his home town,
enlisting as a private. When his company was
ready to go, the illness of many of its members
caused another company to be sent first, and
so several months passed before he had any ex-
perience of war. September 7, 1861, he" was
mustered in at Augusta, becoming, a private in
Company D, Eighth Maine Infantry, and serv-
ing four years in that regiment. Sent south,
the men were placed in defense of Washington,
and thence were sent on an expedition to Hilton-
head, S. C, assisting in its capture. For two
years they were stationed at dilTerent points in
South Carolina, after which Mr. Drake returned

G34

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

to Maine on a furlough. In the spring of 1864
he joined the armv of the James, and took part
in the battle of Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor and
the siege and capture of Petersburg, also wit-
nessed the surrender of General Lee at Appo-
mattox Court House. His first promotion came
to him May 12, 1864, when he was commis-
sioned second lieutenant of Company D at Ber-
muda Hundred. During the same year, on the
2 1 St of November, he was raised to first lieuten-
ant of the same company, and Januar>-^ 23,
1865. received a commission as captain of Corn-
pan v I, Eighth Maine Infantry, in which capac-
ity he continued until he resigned July 6, 1865,
at the close of the war. His predecessor as cap-
tain of Company I was Capt. William M. Mc-
Arthur (a relative of Gen. Arthur McArthur),
who was promoted to the rank of a colonel of
the regiment, and at the close of the war was
brevetted brigadier-general. While at Bermuda
Hundred, Captain Drake was twice injured in
the battle. May 20, 1864, but the force of the
ball was lessened by reason of it striking the
gun first.

On taking up tlie pursuits of peace when the
war ended, Captain Drake became a grocer in
Bangor, Me., but soon returned to Detroit, that
ytate, where he carried on a grocery and also
acted as postmaster. On selling out, he re-
moved to Bangor, but later became interested
in a milling business in Detroit and manufac-
tured lumber e.xtensively. His next occupa-
tion was that of contracting and building at
Bangor, and from there he went to Boston to
take up similar work. In 1886 he came to
California, and for fourteen years engaged in
the building business in Pasadena, meantime
building and selling perhaps twelve houses.
Since 1900 he has been retired from business
activities. For some four years he was county
deputy assessor, and he has also been city
deputy assessor for some time. He was mar-
ried in Bangor, Me., in 1865, his wife being Miss
Georgiana S. Andrews, who was born at Co-
rinna, Penobscot county. Me.

The political views of Captain Drake bring
him into active sympathy with the Republican
party. In religion he is a Universalist and a
deacon in his church. While in Maine he was
made a Mason at Newport and now holds mem-
bership with Pasadena Lodge No. 2-j2, F. & A.
M., also is connected with the Royal Arch
Chapter and Eastern Star at this point. In the
latter organization his wife is an interested
worker, and in addition is connected with the
Women's Relief Corps. The days of his war
service are kept in memory through his active
participation in the afifairs of John F. Godfrey
Post No. 93. G. A. R., of which he has officiated
as commander, and he has also been honored
by the position of aide-de-camp on the staflf of
the national commander, General Lawler.

H. R. MULLER. The spirit of enterprise
which has dictated the career of Mr. Muller, and
his ability to apply himself to the work at hand,
have resulted in a large measure of success, and
gratifying returns for labor and money invested.
He was born in Prussia. Germany, June 24,
1824, and was reared and educated and engaged
in business for several years in his native land.
In 1850 he immigrated to the United States, and
two years later came to California and located
at Hangtown (now Placerville). where he be-
came interested in placer mining. After a few
years he lived for a time at \'olcano, Amidor
county, and in 1853 established a tanyard be-
tween \^olcano and Jackson, which establish-
ment is entitled to the credit of having tanned
the first sole leather in California by the old
hemlock bark process. For four years the tan-
nery did a large and successful business, after
which it was sold to other parties. Mr. Muller
then went into the wholesale liquor business in
partnership with John Tripp and later started a
wholesale brewery enterprise, which continued
until i860. During that year he went to Vir-
ginia City, Nev., when that place was just start-
ed. There he rented an old established brewery
and made beer for two years, after which he
sold out and bought the William Tell House,
and much other town and country property.
The hotel was fitted up and rented, and in 1865
the owner thereof started with three heavy wag-
on loads of liquor for Salt Lake City, but, upon
being refused the right to sell, he went to Mon-
tana and speculated for a while, and finally re-
turned to Virginia City, Nev.

The partnership of Aluller & Tripp lasted until
1862. Mr. Muller engaged in mining for many
years and in 1869 located a gold and silver mine
in Pioche, Nev., and subsequently sold the mine
for $30,000. After spending a year in San Fran-
cisco, he came to Santa Barbara in 1875, and
bought property upon which he erected a brew-
ery. For over twenty years he manufactured
steam beer, and he now owns the building and
much other property as well, including a ranch
at Eagle Canon. In 1898 he came to Summer-
land and leased land on royalty, upon which he
sunk seven wells averaging two hundred feet
deep, and which realized about fifteen bar-
rels a day. As the possibilities unfold and the
prospects brighten, Air. Muller is convinced that
this is indeed the opportunity of a lifetime, and
one of those ever appearing chances to profit
by the wonderful workings of unfolding mother
nature.

In politics Mr. Muller is a Democrat, and
takes an active interest in local undertakings.
He is one of those reliable and capable German-
Americans who benefit the communities in which
they live, and are foremost in all that makes for
the advancement of their neighborhood. A great
and intelligent reader, he keeps posted on all

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

current literatures and happenings the world
over, and is a delightful and instructive compan-
ion. He was married at Virginia City in 1867
to Nina Bernard who is now deceased.

JUSTIN PETIT. While very few French
people are to be found in California, those re-
siding in the .state are in every way upholding the
dignity of their native land and reflecting credit
upon its citizenship. Mr. Petit was born in the
department of Fresne, St. Mame's (Haute-
Saone), France, November 18, 185 1, and in
childhood was brought to this country by his
parents, John B. and Elizabeth Petit, settling
upon a farm in Clearfield county. Pa. At the
close of the Civil war the family came west as
far as Kansas, settling on a farm in Douglas
county, where the mother died at the age of
sixty-one years. Surviving her for a long period,
the father came to California and in 1894 died
at the home of his son, Justin, when about
eighty-five years of age. In the family there
were eight children, four of whom are living,
namely: Mrs. Henrietta Roussey, of Santa Pau-
la; Mrs. Annette Laurent, of Oxnard; Frank and
Justin who are farmers of Ventura county.

The larger part of his schooling Justin Petit
received in Kansas. After leaving school he
began to farm and this occupation he contin-
ued in Kansas for some time. Returning in
1876 to Clearfield county. Pa., he worked in
the timber and saw mills for four years,
his brother, Frank, operating a saw mill there.
November 21, 1878, is a well-remembered
date in his life, for on that day he arrived in
California. Starting out as a farmer, he rented
a portion of the Colonial ranch. As his means
nicreased he acquired land by purchase. His
first purchase consisted of one hundred and
sixty acres which he bought from Hon. Thomas
R. Bard. At this writing he owns a homestead
of two hundred acres near Oxnard, Ventura
county; also one hundred and sixty acres six
miles southeast of his home; and one-third in-
terest in eight hundred and seventy acres on the
Semi grant. The improvements of his home
ranch were made by him personally, and it is
due to his persevering industry that the prop-
erty is to-day counted one of the most valuable
ranches in the village. Among his specialties are
lima beans, sugar beets, grain and deciduous
fruits. He has a lemon orchard that bears every
year, although the land is not under irrigation.
The home ranch is valued at $300 an acre, and a
farm in his wife's possession near Oxnard is val-
ued at the same price. In 1896 the family resi-
dence was erected, and it stands to-day as one of
the finest farm homes in Ventura county, where
it was also the first farm residence lighted by
electricity.

The marriage of Mr. Petit occurred in Ven-
tura county in 1884 and united him with Miss

Frances Kaufman, who was born in Minnesota)
and came across the plains with her parents in
childhood. They have a family of seven chil-
dren, namely: Marv E., Alfred' J., and .\nna C.
(twins), Edward William, Joseph B., Ida and
Jessie. While in sympathy with many of the
Democratic principles, Mr. Petit is independent
both in national and local politics, and in casting
his vote is not influenced by party bias. In many
respects his success has been remarkable. When
he came to Ventura county he had no means and
was obliged to rent land at first. From that
somewhat_ discouraging beginning he has
worked his way forward to a position among
the most successful farmers of the county.

BENJAMIN F. PETTIS, now the postmaster
and a general merchant of Goleta, has led an
eventful life and overcome obstacles that would
have discouraged a less courageous and persist-
ent man. He was born in Madison county,
N. Y., November 22, 1833, and lived in his na-
tive county until thirteen years of age. Flis edu-
cation was limited in the extreme, for the choice
was left to himself of work or school, and in
his immaturity he chose the former as the pos-
sible lesser of two evils. At the early age of
nine therefore, he entered a woolen factorv, and
there worked until thirteen years old, and' when
fifteen he was apprenticed to a blacksmith and
followed the trade as long as he remained in
New York. In 1855 he removed to ^Michigan
and received the contract to get out lumber for a
large planing mill which he eventually helped to
erect m Chicago, and from then on' his course
was westward by different stages as opportunity
permitted. From Fort Leavenworth he cam'e
over the government trail to Salt Lake City,
and then to Carson City, driving six yoke of
government oxen, at the time that Johnson was
sent by the governor to regulate the Mormon
troubles. For a time he did the blacksmithing
and shoeing for Major Chorpening who had the
government contract to carry mail from Sacra-
mento to Salt Lake City, and finally arrived in
Carson City two years after leaving Leaven-
worth.

At Carson City Mr. Pettis suiifered some of the
mconveniences attached to being financially
broke, but finally things looked up when he se-
cured a job at prospecting for a certain judge,
and wa.s promised $75 per month. The jurist,
however, before the first month had expired,
disappeared entirely from the scene. Nothing
flaunted, the would-be prospector secured a po-
sition with the management of a pack train over
the mountains between Carson City and Placer-
ville for a year, and in 1863 had gotten so far
ahead in worldly goods that he was in a position
to purchase a half interest in a blacksmith shop
with a Mr. Mead. After two years he went
to Alpine county, Cal., where he remained

HISTORICAC AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

until 1872, and during that time improved the
opportunities for prospecting and made consid-
erable money, but made the mistake of putting
it all back into the same line. He finally left this
unsatisfactory method of making and losing
money and came to Goleta with the six or seven
thousand dollars saved from the experiment.
There was at the time a small shop here, and
this Mr. Pettis purchased, and until 1896 did a
large business m the blacksmithing line. Tlie
shop was then turned over to his son, who has
since continued to run it.

About nine years ago Mr. Pettis was ap-
pointed postmaster of Goleta, and built a store
which he rented for four years, or until he gave
up blacksmithing. He then took charge of his
store, and has since continued in this capacity.
He owns considerable town property, and has
built a fine home with all modern conveniences,
including a water plant. He is prominent in
all affairs of the town, and possesses the true
western spirit of progress. Politically he enter-
tains broad views, has nearly always been asso-
ciated with the Republican party, but of late
years has regulated his vote according to the
qualifications of the parties seeking office, rather
than to any party preferences. For two years
he served as justice of the peace, to which he was
elected on the Republican ticket. He is affili-
ated with the Odd Fellows, and is a charter
member of the Webster Lodge, at Markleeville,
Alpine county, and was for eight years secretary
and treasurer of the same.

In 1870 Mr. Pettis married Mary J. Brock-
man, daughter of Israel and Elizabeth (Carieger)
Brockman, and a sister of Nick Carieger, a very
wealthy Californian. Of this union there are the
following children living: Frank B., who
learned the blacksmith's trade of his father and
succeeded him in business in Goleta; Maud, at
home; Ralph, who is a resident of Prescott,
Ariz.; Ethel and Alma, both at home. The chil-
dren have been given every possible educa-
tional advantage, and the oldest daughter spent
four years in the State Normal School. Mrs.
Pettis died in January of 1894.

JUAN SAVE. The Oak Park dairy near
Santa Barbara is one of the model establish-
ments of its kind, and has reached its present
condition of remuneration through the enter-
prise and thrift of its owner and manager, Juan
Save. A native of the vicinity of Toulouse,
Haute Gerome, France, he was born March 19,
1843, a son of Pedro and Katie (Chanfraou)
Save, natives of the locality, the father born in
1816. The parents spent their entire lives in
France, industriously working their farm, and
conscientiously rearing their family of four chil-
dren, two of whom have immigrated to America.

Juan Save was reared on his father's farm and
was educated in the free schools of his native

land. The first important event in his life was
his immigration to America in 1861, his depar-
ture being taken from Flavre in the Saxonia,
which landed in New York. He immediately
re-embarked on the steamer Aspinwall for the
Isthmus of Panama, after which he came by
steamer to San Francisco, and engaged as as-
sistant m a dairy. In 1867 he located in Santa
Barbara and was interested in teaming and run-
ning a dairy until 1885, and then turned his at-
tention exclusively to the latter occupation, in
which he has since been so successful Interest-
ing to note is the fact that his original dairy as-
pirations were strengthened and put into execu-
tion by the possession of but one cow, and that
the milk was distributed to customers by being
carried around on horseback. Gradually he in-
creased his herd, and in time purchased a de-
livery wagon, and now has about forty cows
and a large trade in Santa Barbara. For pasture
he rents over a hundred acres of land and keeps
there his growing stock, and besides he owns a
quarter section of land near La Cruses, forty-
three miles from Santa Barbara.

Mrs. Save was formerly Francisco Botiller, a
native of Santa Barbara, and a member of an
old Southern California family of French de-
scent. Eleven children have been born to Mr.
and Mrs. Save, viz. : Katie, who is now Mrs.
Moullet, of Santa Barbara; Francisco, who is
the wife of Mr. Manent, of Santa Maria; Peter,
who is a resident of Stockton, Cal. ; John, Jr.,
who is assisting his father with the dairy; Pas-
qual, who is living in the Eagle Canon; Louis,
who is a resident of Los Angeles; Teleciana,
George, Viatrix, Celia and Lorenzo. The five
last-named children are living at home. Mr.
Save is a Republican in national politics, and is
fraternally associated with the Ancient Order
of United Workmen.

W. J. SHERRIFF. Typical of the opportu-
nities offered by California to men of intelligence
and ambition is the success achieved by Mr.
Sherriff, who has taken an active part in the im-
provement of Los Angeles, his present home,
and has also contributed materially to the de-
velopment of the resources of Ventura county,
where he is a large property owner. He came
to this state in 1887 from Pittsburg, Pa., where
he was born in 1841 and with whose business in-
terests he was associated. While still a mere
boy he turned his attention to mechanical pur-
suits, being of that turn of mind, and thus he
early gained practical knowledge along a valu-
able line.

The first event of great importance in the life
of Mr. SherrifF was occasioned by the outbreak
of the Civil war. Being of a patriotic spirit and
just the age to render his country effective serv-
ice in the army, he offered hmself to the Union
cause. In 1862 his name was enrolled in Com-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

629

pany I, One Hundred and Forty-second Penn-
sylvania Infantry, with which he went to the
front and bore a share in the army's activities.
At the battle of Gettysburg he was seriously
wounded, and was thus prevented from seeing
any more active service, but forced to remain
in' the hospital until the war ended. On
being honorably discharged he returned to
Pittsburg and became interested in business
pursuits. In time he was chosen president
of the J. B. Sherriff jManufacturing Com-
pany of Pittsburg, manufacturers of brass and
iron products, their specialties being engines,
boilers and steam supplies. While having his
business headquarters in Pittsburg he made Al-
legheny City his home.

After coming to CaHfornia Mr. Sherriff resided
in Los Angeles for two years. For some years
afterward he alternated between Pittsburg and
California, retaining the position of president of
the J. B. Sherriff Manufacturing Company until
1896, when he sold his interest in the business.
Meantime he had become a ranch owner in the
west, having in 1891 established himself on a
ranch near Santa Paula, \'entura county, com-
prising one hundred and twenty acres. Lemons,
apricots and other fruits are the principal prod-
ucts of the land. In addition, he owns three hun-
dred acres on the south side of the river, suitable
for stock-grazing. He is a stockholder and the
auditor of the Santa Paula Co-operative Com-
pany, and owns property in that town. The im-
provement of his ranch represents years of as-
siduous labor, but its present appearance repays
in ample measure the toil expended upon it. The
orchard of fifty acres is one of its most attractive
features, and there are also excellent buildings
and other improvements. In September of 1901
he removed to Los Angeles, where he has im-
proved Sherriff's Place on Washington, between
Toberman and Union streets. At this location
he owns one and one-half acres and is now erect-
ing fourteen residences, his own home being at
No. 1032 West Washington street.

For years Mr. Sherriff has been a leading-
worker in the Christian Church, ^^'hen he lived
in \'entura county he was one of the largest con-
tributors to the building of the church at Santa
Paula. For two years he was a director of the
Santa Paula Young Men's Club, in the organiza-
tion of which he assisted. All temperance work
receives his hearty support, and he has been
especially active in the Anti-Saloon League, be-
ing president of the society in the First Christian
Church. Politically he is independent, voting
for the men rather than the party. His army
service was later held in memory through his
active participation in the work of the Union
Veteran Legion, Camp No. i, of Pittsburg. In
1865 he married Charlotte Seiferheld, by whom
he had two children, Charlotte Sarah, deceased,
and William S., and they also have an adopted

daughter, Florence I. In the work of the Chris-
;ian Church Mrs. Sherriff is, like him, very ac-
tive and deeply interested, and since she identi-
fied herself with that people in 1855 she has been
a constant worker in their behalf. Not only re-
ligious measures, but all matters for the general
good of the community in which they live, re-
ceive the support of Mr. and Mrs. Sherrifif, and
they have unselfishly contributed to worthy
movements of the wealth they have accumulated,
no helpful beneficence being denied their sup-
port.

REV. JOHN H. STUNTZ. During the
Revolutionary war, among the Hessian soldiers
hired by King George was Conrad Stuntz, who
came to America to fight the patriots. No
sooner, however, had he landed in this country
and studied the merits of the case than his
sympathies were warmly enlisted on the side of
the feeble colonies fighting for independence.
He was among the first to desert the British
army and offer his services to the Americans.
Washington, finding that he was trained in mili-
tary tactics, detailed him to train the raw re-
cruits, and during all of the war he gave his
time to this duty, receiving no pay whatever for
his services. General Washington, believing
that such disinterested labors were worthy of
reward, presented his case to congress, which
granted him eight hundred acres of land in
West Virginia. His sweetheart from Hesse
crossed the ocean to jom him, and on their
marriage they settled at this farm. Their son,
George, was born on the 4th of July, 1789, the
date of the adoption of the American constitu-
tion. Inheriting a love of country and a pa-
triotic spirit, it was natural that he should en-
list in the war of 1812 and uphold the dignity
of American arms in that conflict. He settled
on an unimproved farm in Erie county. Pa.,
where he remained until death. He was one
of the founders of Alleghany College at Mead-
ville and was keenly alive to the importance of
excellent educational advantages. For more
than fifty years he preached in the Methodist
Episcopal Church, having been ordained as a
local minister.

Next in line of descent was Erastus R. Stuntz,
who was born in Pennsylvania and there died in
1842, having spent all his life in that state with
the exception of a short time with an uncle,
John Stuntz, in St. Clair county. 111. While living-
there he was bereaved by the death of his wife,
Mary (Walrath"; Stuntz, who left three children,
the youngest of whom, John H., was only four-
teen months old. The daughter, Catherine M.,
IS now the wife of L. D. Benton, of North Pasa-
dena. The older son, George Erastus, was a
soldier in the Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry
and was severely wounded at Shiloh. As ser-
geant he entered the First Minnesota Cavalry

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

for the Sioux war. remaining in the army until
the Indians were subdued. For many years he
was a government surveyor and civil engineer,
making his headquarters in Dukith, where he
died. ■

While his parents were living at Lebanon, St.
Clair county. Ill, John H. Stuntz was born in
1838. Early orphaned, he was reared in dif-
ferent homes, but principally near Albion, Erie
countv, Pa. Xever having known a home of his
own, he was influenced to marry while still a
mere youth of nineteen years and six months.
His marriage occurred in Cattaraugus county,
X. Y., February 17. 1858. and united him with
Miss Laura Emeline Rhoades, who was born in
Erie county, Pa., a daughter of Justus and
Emily (Pariinl Rhoades. The Rhoades family
was among the early English settlers of Con-
necticut, and there Justus Rhoades was born
and reared. His father moved from that state
to Madison county, X. Y., where he entered
three hundred acres of land, and he himself
settled in Genesee county, where eight of his
children were born. From there he took his
family to Erie county. Pa., where the two young-
est children were bom, and there both he and his
wife died. All but one of their ten children at-
tained maturity, Mrs. Stuntz being the youngest
of all. Her brother, Albert, was a soldier in a
Pennsylvania regiment during the Civil war;
another brother. Rev. Harlin C. Rhoades, was a
pioneer Methodist minister of the Pacific coast
and now resides in Los Angeles.

When seventeen years of age John H. Stuntz
began to teach school, receiving $17 a month
and "boarding round." .\fter two years of
teaching he attended Richmond College in Jef-
ferson county. Ohio, for one winter, and after
his marriage resumed teaching, receiving $24
a month. During i860 he attended Alleghany
College, staying there until his funds were ex-
hausted, when he began to work in the oil
regions. Returning to college in 1861, he en-
listed from there with many other college boys
in the Alleghany College Volunteers, and July
21, 1861, was mustered in at Harrisburg for
three years, as a member of Company I. Tenth
Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. Though the fife
was an instrument as yet beyond his control, his
captain said, "John, you must be the fifer." and
he consented to fill the place. Among the bat-
tles in which he was present may be mentioned
the following: Drainesville, December 20,
1861 : seven days' battle in front of Richmond,
including Mechanicsville, Gaines Mill. Charles
City Cross Roads and Malveni Hill: South
Mountain, Md.; .\ntietam. the bloodiest single
day's battle of the whole war: second battle of
Bull Run; Bristow Station; Fredericksburg and
Gettysburg. While carrying a wounded man
from the battlefield at Gettysburg, following the
same line of work in which he had engaged all

during the long night in his endeavor to relieve
the sufferings of the wounded and meantime
crossing again and again the line of danger, he
slipped on a cobble stone and fell. The man,
who weighed about one hundred and seventy-
live pounds, was on his back and fell on him,
injuring him for life. One of the vertebra of
the spine was broken, leaving a splinter next
the spinal cord and so seriously injuring him
that he has never been free from pain since.
For some time he was obliged to remain in the
hospital, and as soon as able to go around, he
assisted in hospital duty and detail work. At
the close of his three years' term two regiments
of veteran volunteers were formed from the
Pennsylvania Resen-es, Comrade Stuntz re-
enlisting in Company K, One Hundred and
X^inety-first Pennsylvania \'eterans, in which he
remained until the close of the war, when he
was mustered out at Washington. D. C, in
June, 1865.

At the time of enlisting Mr. Stuntz had com-
menced to study for the ministry, but the four
years he anticipated devoting to this study were
given to his country. In the fall of 1865 he
went to Minnesota and the following year be-
came a frontier preacher in the Methodist
Episcopal denomination, meantime studying the
regular theological course, at the close of which
he was ordained. The constant pain resulting
from his war injury, together with the arduous
labors of a circuit rider, affected his health to
such an extent that he was obliged to seek an-
other climate and occupation. Coming to Cali-
fornia in 1876, he settled on a twenty-acre
ranch four miles east of Anaheim, and engaged
in the raisin business. After four years he re-
moved to Alhambra, where he spent eleven
years on a small ranch. Since then he has made
his home in Pasadena, where he occupies a resi-
dence on Kirkwood avenue, near Cedar street.
Being totally disabled, he does not engage in
work of any kind. Fortunately he possesses a
verv sunny and cheerful disposition, with a
faculty of looking on the bright side of life,
and so, in spite of his continued illness, he has
derived more pleasure from existence than
many of rugged health, but pessimistic tempera-
ment. Though not permitted to carry out his
original plan of becoming a life worker in the
ministry, yet his cheerful acceptance of his lot
and his brave endurance of suffering have
preached many a sermon more eloquent than
words. His interest in the Methodist Episcopal
Giurch has never waned, nor has he lost a spirit
of comradeship for all who once wore the blue.
He is connected with the J. F. Godfrey Post
Xo. 93. G. A. R.. is a stanch believer in pro-
hibition and for twenty years has been an hon-
orary member of the Women's Christian Tem-
perance Union. Of the latter organization his
wife was fonncrly president and is now vice-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

631

president-at-large and superintendent of three
departments. She is an active worker in the
Ladies' Aid Society and other organizations of
the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a mem-
her of the National Association of Civil War
^lusicians. In the encampment of California
and Nevada Mr. Stuntz represented his post and
he was also elected in 1902 to represent the de-
partment of California in the national encamp-
ment at Washington, D. C. From her early
childhood Mrs. Stuntz has evinced the gift of a
musician and composer, and, while she is not
situated so that it can be developed, yet she has
accomplished much in spite of obstacles. In
the midst of daily household cares many of her
musical compositions have come from a sur-
charged heart and brain, and they are then
hastily transcribed, to be laid aside perhaps for
months. When brought to sight a theme is sug-
gested, and line by line the words are framed
to suit the melody, after which the harmony is
composed on the organ, .\mong her compo-
sitions are the "Alother's Lullaby," and a hymn
to the same melody, entitled "Come to Me,
Jesus," "Christmas Song/' Santa's Good Will
Visit," and the "Home Where I Was Born."

S. L. SHAW. While Mr. Shaw's claims for
recognition in the business world are based
largely upon his superiority as an architect,
builder and contractor, he is none the less appre-
ciated as one of the most enterprising and re-
sourceful of the citizens who have helped to
build up the moral, intellectual, and general mu-
nicipal well being. As a builder and contractor
he has erected many of the most important build-
ings in the town of \'entura, which has been his
liome since 1868. His skill in his chosen life
work has been fostered ever since he was old
enough to handle tools, under his father's ex-
perienced instruction. The elder Shaw, Jesse A.,
was born in Massachusetts, and in his young
manhood settled in Vermont, where for years he
was a contractor and builder. He eventually
removed to Dartford, Green Lake county. Wis.,
and there conducted his trade until 1867,
when he took up his residence in Monterey, Cal.,
where he continued to build and contract in part-
nership with his son, S. L., until his death in
1900, at the age of seventy-three. His career
was embellished by patriotic services during the
Civil war in a brigade band. He married Eliza
Locke, also a native of \'ermont, and a daughter
of Ira Locke, who died in Wisconsin, and who
married Miss Putnam, a direct descendant of
Gen. Israel Putnam. Mrs. Shaw resides in \'en-
tura, Cal., and is the mother of two children, S.
L., and Floyd P.. who is in the soda water busi-
ness.

S. L. Shaw was born October 7, 1849, '" Ben-
nington county, Vt. He was six years old when
his parents moved to Wisconsin. Until his

eighteenth year he lived in Green Lake county,
that state. Following in the footsteps of his
father, he became an expert carpenter, and as
a preliminary lived in Monterey county be-
tween 1867 and 1868, where he put his skill
to the practical test. In 1868 he accompa-
nied his father to \'entura, and subsequently
joined him in partnership, succeeding to the en-
tire business upon his father's retirement from
active life.

Among the many fine structures which owe
their creation to the constructive talent of Mr.
Shaw may be mentioned the Powers residence,
the Salari residence, that of Mrs. Sexton Leech,
the Poli street school, the grammar school, the
high school, the Bard Hospital, besides numer-
ous other residences and public buildings. In
fact he is the largest builder in the town, and
brings to the conduct of his affairs a keen knowl-
edge of the fundamentals of construction, and an
innate appreciation of the substantial, artistic
and beautiful. Personally he owns several resi-
dences as well as his home, and is also the pos-
sessor of a ten-acre ranch three miles out of
Ventura. He is the friend of education and all
miprovement. and was elected to the school
l-ioard in 1886, and has continuously held the
position ever since, and has, as well, been clerk
of the board. In the fall of 1897 he was elected
city trustee on the Republican ticket. His re-
election followed in 1899 and 1901, when he re-
ceived ihe largest vote of anyone on the ticket.

Twice married, Mr. Shaw was first united with
.\lice Henderson, who was born in Grass \'alley,
Cal., and died in Ventura, leaving two chil-
dren, Edgar M., who is a mason in Grass Valley,
and Jesse Bert, who is with his father in the con-
tracting business. Airs. Hettie Shaw, the pres-
ent wife of Mr. Shaw, was born in California, and
is the mother of two children, Frank and Daisy.

JAMES BARRON SHAW, M. D. Dr. Shaw
was born in London, England, November 4,
1813, the son of a Scotch father and an English
mother. As a boy it was his ambition to enter
the navy, but this choice being opposed by his
mother, he selected the medical profession. ' For
nearly three years he studied under Dr. Nichol
of Inverness, after which he spent four years in
University College of London. In Apr'il, 1836,
he received the degree of M. D. from Glasgow
University, and in August of the same ycar'be-
came a member of the Royal College of Sur-
geons, London. During the following winter he
studied surgery in Paris.

Being the possessor of ample means. Dr. Shaw
decided to make a tour of the world instead of
beginning active practice. In 1842, while in Cal-
cutta, he was appointed assistant surgeon in an
Indian regiment about to leave for China, and
with this regiment he served until the treaty of
Nankin was signed, returning to Calcutta in

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1843 a"d thence going back to England. Tlie
year 1844 found him in Hong Kong, where he
practiced his profession until coming to Califor-
nia. Tlie discovery of gold led him to embark
for the new world, and he arrived in San Fran-
cisco July 3, 1849. Going to Sacramento, thence
to Mokelume river, and from there to Dry creek,
Tuolumne county, he soon found himself not
adapted to mining,* so resumed professional
work. The winter proved to be a severe one, and
he decided to go to Mexico, where he had friends
and relatives. When ready to start for Mazatlan,
he met Don Pedro Carrillo, a cultured man who
had been educated in Boston and was then living
at Santa Barbara. His advice led Dr. Shaw to
come to this city, where he arrived January 6,
1850, and soon began to practice his profession.
From May, 1852, until May, 1853, he was in
Mexico, Honolulu and San Francisco, returning
to Santa Barbara at the latter date. For sixteen
years afterward he had charge of Santa Cruz
island, with an area of 54,000 acres, and formerly
a penal settlement of the Mexican government.
Embarking in the sheep business. Dr. Shaw
bought two hundred ewes, but the shearing
yielded very inferior wool. He then bought one
thousand sheep just arrived from the east and
took them to the island. Success attended him
in this venture, and he continued for sixteen
years, when, on the sale of the business, he
turned over to the purchasers fifty-four thou-
sand head of sheep and a large number of cat-
tle and horses. During the last year he man-
aged the island the gross proceeds were over
$50,000. Before the island was sold he had
bought over twenty-two thousand acres of
land on the ranchos of La Laguna de San
Francisco and Los Alamos, and these he
stocked with sheep from Santa Cruz island, but
the management of a sheep industry on the
mainland proved far more difficult and less prof-
itable than on the island, and he gradually sold
ofif his flocks and invested the proceeds in
graded Shorthorn or Durham cattle, selecting
imported bulls famous for beef and dairy pur-
poses. After a time he sold much of his land,
retaining, however, about six thousand acres,
the management of which he found sufficient
to engross his attention. After years of con-
nection with stock-raising activities he practi-
cally retired from business cares, giving over to
the charge of his only surviving son the super-
vision of the ranch and the management of the
stock interests.

the best way to conduct a ranch, and has gained
for him a reputation second to none as a prac-
tical farmer and enterprising member of the
community. Although born in Hanover, in the
central part of New Hampshire, in 1842, he was
reared in Kendall county. 111., whither his par-
ents removed in 1844. Tlie occupation of the
present is by no means a pastime, for he was
brought up on his father's farm, and to his lot
in early life fell the duties and diversions of the
average farmer's son.

In 1863 Mr. Smith left Kendall county and
migrated to California via the Isthmus. He spent
four years m Northern California and Nevada,
farming during the summers in the Sacramento
valley, and logging during the winters in the
lumber cainps. He then returned to Illinois and
farmed until 1884, when he returned to Cali-
fornia and bought pueblo lands in the Carpin-
teria valley. He now owns sixty-two acres of
well tilled land, and raises grain and fruit, mak-
ing a specialty of lima beans. On his farm he
has made many improvements, and has a pleas-
ant residence as well as fine barn and outhouses.

In Kendall county. 111., Mr. Smith married
Amelia Bronk, a native of Illinois, and of this
union there are three sons: Allen David, who is
a farmer in Carpinteria; Lennis Leonard, who
is engaged in the oil industry in Summerland;
and Roy. All of the boys are interested in oil,
and Allen is widely known as an oil well driller.
Although independent in political affiliation, Mr.
Smith has held a number of offices in his local-
ity. In November of 1892 he was elected jus-
tice of the peace on the People's party ticket,
and was re-elected in 1894 and in 1898, and is
now serving his ninth year as justice for the first
township of Santa Barbara county. His admin-
istration has been well received, and he is a
prominent factor in local and state politics, hav-
ing been a delegate to several county and state
conventions. For several years he has been a
school trustee of the Ocean school district, and
has ever taken an interest in educational matters.

SOLON SMITH. The possibilities of the
Carpinteria valley have inspired successful ef-
fort on the part of the majority who have settled
upon its fertile acres, and Solon Smith is no ex-
ception to the rule. One of the fine farms in
this section of the county is evidence of his
untiring energy and thorough understanding of

SAMUEL L. SMITH. The rise to promi-
nence of the little town of Nordhoff is insepa-
rably associated with the enterprising efforts of
one of its most honored citizens, Samuel L.
Smith. Long before the railroad came through
he settled at Matilija Hot Springs, six miles up
the mountain, and drove the stage from there to
\'entura. With the advent of the railroad, his
occupation gone, he came to Nordhoff in 1896
and purchased the livery stable which he still
owns and manages. He has some fine turnouts
and excellent horses, and does a large business
driving tourists through the mountains. His
responsibilities were increased in 1897, when,
on the 15th of October, he was appointed post-
master of Nordhoff. a position which he has
filled with credit to himself and to those who

^y^vz^ ^/^^..^^^^ -r-A

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

635

placed him in office. He has materially im-
proved the mail facilities during his administra-
tion, and among other advances has introduced
a telephone in the main office which connects
with all of the towns in the county.

Previous to coming to Southern California
Mr. Smith lived in Oregon, liis birthplace having
been at North Yamhill, Yamhill county. Ore.,
where he was born in 1857. His parents, W. C.
and Delia A. (Laughlin) Smith, were natives
respectively of Illinois and Missouri, and were
farmers during their years of activity. Tlie
father died in 1872, and the mother still lives in
Oregon. There were eight children in the fam-
ily, Samuel L. being the third. He was educated
in Oregon, and in time occupied a prominent
place in the community, and served as deputy
county sheriff of Yamhill county for two years.
He was urged to run for sherifT, but at that time
had decided to leave the state, and turned his
prospects over to an uncle, who was defeated
for the office. For ten years he lived in the
city of Portland, and he also for a time ran a
livery stable there with success. Other occupa-
tions also engaged his attention, and for four
years he was a Pullman car conductor on the
Union Pacific and Northern Pacific Railroads.

The marriage of Mr. Smith and Mary M.
Houghton occurred in Portland in 1893, and to
this couple have been born two children, Wil-
liam Mavor and Helen Clare. Mr. Smith has
housed his family in a comfortable home erected
by himself since his appointment as postmaster.
and he is the owner of other property than his
livery barn and home. He is a Republican in
politics, and has been active in the affairs of his
party, ever since he cast his first presidential
vote for Grant. For twelve years he has been a
member of the Portland Hassolo Lodge No. i^,
1.0. O.F. __^__

ARTHUR T. NEWCOMB, M. D. The
exceptional advantages enjoyed by Dr. New-
comb in the acquirement of his medical educa-
tion and his later practical and helpful knowl-
edge gained in the government service as physi-
cian and surgeon, abundantly qualify him for suc-
cessful professional work. His removal to Pasa-
dena in 1899 did not bring to him his first
knov\Iedge of the city, for lie had spent two
months of each summer from 1894 to 1898 in
this vicinity and had thus become favorably im-
pressed with the opportunities offered to a
medical man. In 1902 he completed an office
on North Alarengo avenue, where he has re-
ception and consulting rooms and a laboratory
fitted out with all modern surgical equipments,
the whole forming a complete and satisfactory
environment for a progressive physician.

Descended from English ancestors identified
with Connecticut from an early day and pilgrims
on the MayHower, Dr. Newcomb was born at

Homer, Cortland county, N. Y., December 8,
1871, and is the eldest of a family of four, now
living. His father, Frank, a son of Samuel
Newcomb, was born in Broome county, N. Y.,
and became a merchant in Homer, where he still
resides. During the Civil war he was a mem-
ber of the Tenth New York Cavalry. His wife,
Elizabeth Thurston, was born in Broome county,
N. Y., and is living at Homer. Her father,
Alfred Thurston, who was a member of one of
the oldest families of Broome county, attained
to the age of ninety years. The early education
of Arthur T. Newcomb was received in public
schools, after which he attended the Cortland
Normal School. On leaving there he assisted
his father in business for a year, and then took
a course of study in Wells Business College at
Syracuse. Desiring to take up the study of
medicine he began to read with Dr. H'. A.
Bolles, of Cortland, under whose oversight he
acquired his primary knowledge of therapeutics.
From there he went to the Baltimore Medical
College and remained in that institution until
his graduation in 1893. The following year was
spent in the medical department of Johns Hop-
kins LTniversity, where he took a post-graduate
course. At the same time lie acted as demon-
strator of nose, throat and chest diseases in the
Baltimore Medical College and had charge of
the clinic. In 1894. entering the government
service, he accepted an appointment as physi-
cian and surgeon at Fort Mojave, Ariz., an old
abandoned fort that is now used as an Indian
Industrial school. During the four years of his
service as physician at the fort he also prac-
ticed in every part of Mojave county. Differ-
ent epidemics occurred meantime, all of which
he successfully treated. In addition to treating
the school children and employes, he took
charge of the whole tribe as physician, so that
his time was wholly taken up with professional
cares. During the summer, when the school
was closed, he came to Pasadena. On resign-
ing the position in 1898 he returned to Balti-
more, where he took a post-graduate course in
Johns Hopkins University, and later studied
bacteriology and microscopy in the University
of Chicago. He is a member of the Medico-
Chirurgical Society of Maryland, also the Pasa-
dena Medical Society, and maintains a warm
interest in all organizations for the benefit of
practitioners, as well as the various medical
journals published in their interests.

Among the people of Pasadena a high posi-
tion is occupied by Dr. Newcomb and his wife,
tlie latter being a daughter of Samuel Stratton,
one of the well-known pioneers of the city.
While professional duties engross his attention
to the exclusion of officeholding, they do not
]jrevent him from keeping posted regarding
politics and casting a straight Republican ticket
at all elections. Movements for the benefit of

636

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the city, including the Board of Trade, Young
Men's Christian Association, and Americus
Club, cf which he is surgeon, number him
among their members and adherents. Fra-
ternally he is connected with the Foresters and
Knights of Pythias, in the latter of which he
is chancellor commander. The First Methodist
Episcopal Church of Pasadena, with which he is
identified, has the benefit of his generous con-
tributions and practical sympathy, as, indeed, do
other societies for the bettering of mankind
and the promotion of the city's progress.

LOUIS SPADER. The Spader family orig-
inated in the ancient town of the same name in
Holland. During an early period in American
history, they identified themselves with the col-
onies, and have since been associated with the
growth of our nation. Tlie paternal grandfather
of Louis Spader married a daughter of Jere-
miah and Maria (Bergen) \'anderbih, both of
whom represented old and aristocratic families
of New York. \'anderbilt avenue in Brooklyn
was named in honor of Mr. Vanderbilt, who was
one of the largest property owners in that vicin-
ity. His grandson and namesake, Jeremiah
Vanderbilt Spader, was born in Brooklyn, and in
early life entered upon the lumbering business,
in which he engaged during all of his active
years. At this writing he is retired from busi-
ness and makes his home on a ranch in Califor-
nia owned by his son, Louis. For his wife he
chose Margaret Moore, who was born in New
York City and is now living in California. Her
father, Baltis Moore, a native of New York, and
of Scotch and F'rench ancestry, made tobacco
manufacturing his principal occupation in life,
and was connected with a leading firm in that
line in New York. His wife was a member of
the Gilbert family, of his home city.

In the family of which Louis Spader was third
ill order of birth there were six children, all but
one of whom are still living. One of the sons,
Vanderbilt, is an attorney in New York City,
and another, Clinton, is engaged in the real-
estate business in Brooklyn. The birth of Louis
Spader occurred in Brooklyn June 28, 1858.
His studies were conducted for some years in
a private school, with a view to entering Co-
lumbia University, but. deciding that he pre-
ferred to embark in business at once, he opened
a real-estate and brokerage office at No. 145
Broadway, New York. Shortly afterward he
was united in marriage with Clara McNeil, who
died at the country home of her parents in Ten-
afly, N. J.

j"he immediate cause of Mr. Spader's removal
to California was the failure of his wife's health,
which he hoped might I)e benefited by the ideal
climate of the Pacific coast. In 1889 he came
to the Ojai valley, purchased land, developed
water, and began active ranching pursuits. One

of his early acquired interests was as stockholder
and director in the Ojai \'alley Water Company,
of which he served as secretary and vice-presi-
dent at different times. The name of the corpora-
tion has since been changed to the San Antonio
\\'ater Company. The venture has proved to
be successful. Under the company's ditch over
two hundred acres of orchards are watered. For
some years all went well with Mr. Spader. The
seventy-five acres which he had planted princi-
pally in navel oranges produced a steady reve-
nue, and the remainder of the four hundred acre
ranch also gave increasing profits each year.
However, through the dishonesty of his partner,
he lost the entire investment; but, though per-
sonally he was a loser, through his judicious ef-
forts the valley received a permanent impetus
as an orange-growing section. He was one of
the first to plant a large orange grove, and the
oranges that he raised, compared favorably with
the choicest products of the Riverside and Red-
lands groves.

At this writing Mr. Spader owns a ranch of
ninety-six acres one mile northeast of Nordhoflf.
Fifteen acres of the land are under oranges. On
this property he has a pumping plant of six-
horse power, which furnishes a steady flow of
water and provides the requisite means of irri-
gation. The ranch is superintended by his
father, Mr. Spader himself having made his home
since December, 1900, in Santa Barbara, where
he is a member of the firm of Wilson & Spader,
real estate, insurance and loans, at No. 1035
State street. In politics he has from his youth
been a believer in Republican principles and a
supporter of its candidates, both for local and
national offices. Mr. Spader was married a sec-
ond time, his wife being Miss Henrietta Wheel-
er, who was bom in ^lontclair, N. J., but was
reared and educated in Montgomery, Ala. Mr.
and Mrs. Soader are members of the Episcopal
Church of Santa Barbara.

W. R. SMITH. The hardware and agricul-
tural implement enterprise of McAdams & Smith
is one of the sound commercial undertakings
of Lompoc. For a town of the size it could
hardly be excelled as far as completeness of
stock and extent of trade is concerned, for their
store at the corner of Ocean avenue and First
street has a large patronage, and is increasing its
business every year. The management aim to
sell all goods at a reasonable figure, and to main-
tain that integrity and courtesy without which
no business is a success.

A native of England. Mr. Smith was bom in
Yorkshire in 1872, and received in his native
land a common school education. When but
fourteen years of a^e he came to America, and
in 1886 to California, where he toured the state
for a desirable location, finally locating in Lom-
poc which has since been his home. He here

C?2<jL ^CLpLoU-iyL

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

637

learned the trade of tinner with E. R. Tiitt, and
in 1898 opened a business in partnership with
Mr. McAdams. This arrangement has since
been amicably continued, both gentlemen thor-
oughly understanding their business, and being
in touch with the general demand of the public
for their goods. Mr. Smith is variously inter-
ested in the fraternal organizations in which
Lompoc abounds, and is associated with the
Knights of Pythias Lodge No. 57, the Foresters
of America, and the Woodmen of the World,
of which he is a charter member. In politics he
is a Republican.

Mrs. Smith was formerly Cyrene Shoults,
daughter of J- W. Shoults, formerly of Lompoc,
now of Los Angeles, Cal. To Mr. and Mrs.
Smith have been born three children: Marian,
Clifford and Leslie Smith.

JAMES McFADDEN. Few of the residents
of Santa Ana have been identified with its his-
tory for a longer period than has Mr. McFadden.
Coming to the present site of the city as early
as 1868, he purchased an interest in the Rancho
Santiago de Santa Ana, an old Spanish grant,
whith he developed and improved and a portion
of which still remains in his possession. In 1874
he established his residence permanently in the
city, to whose growth and progress he has since
been a constant contributor, and with whose
history his own has been closely identified.
During that same year of 1874, in connection
with his brother Robert, he embarked in a gen-
eral shipping business between San Francisco
and Newport, and built a freight vessel, known
as the Newport, which conveyed freight between
the two places named. From the time of the
incorporation of the Newport Wharf and Lum-
ber Company, in which he materially assisted,
he has continuously served as president of the
same, and much of his time is given to a super-
vision of its interests.

In Delaware county, N. Y., Mr. McFadden
was born September 4. 1833, a son of John and
Effie (Lamont) McFadden, natives of the Isle
of Butte, Scotland. In public schools and Delhi
.■\cademy he gained a fair education, and later
he taught in his native county. During 1864
he came from New York City via Panama to
California, and after a residence of several vears
in the northern part of the state, came to Santa
Ana, as already stated. His sound judgment
led him to identify himself with movements for
the benefit of his locality, among these being
the Santa Ana and Newport Railway, of which
he was the promoter and incorporator. On the
cstablisiiment of the company, he was chosen
ihe first president, and continued in the office
until the railroad was sold, during the latter part
of 1898.

Not only m Santa .\na, but throughout all
of Southern California, the name of lames Mc-

Fadden is always mentioned with esteem. This
is the result of a lifetime of earnest endeavor and
unremitting vigilance in every affair of business
or private connection. .\s a public-spirited citi-
zen he has promoted every vital interest of
(Jrange county. Long before its separation
from Los Angeles county, he had labored effect-
ively for the best interests of Santa .A.iia and
vicinity, and for years he advocated the; crea-
tion of Orange county, a plan which, when re-
alized, inaugurated an era of prosperitv hitherto
unequalled in Southern California.

HENRY LAING STAMBACH, M. D. One
of the prominent and successful members of the
medical profession in Santa Barbara is Henrv
Laing Stambach, who was born in Philadelphia,
Pa., February 11, 1857. Flis father. George G,
Stambach, was born in Pa.xinos, Northumber-
land county. Pa., and eventually settled in Phil-
adelphia, where he was one of the first hatters
and furriers (1845) in the citv, having his store at
No. 710 North Second street, and from 1861
at No 826 Arch street. After his death, in 1876,
the business was conducted by his son, John A..
who carried it on until his retirement. As the
name indicated, the Stambach familv came orig-
mally from Germany, the emigrating ancestor
being Phillip von Stambach, from .'Msace Lor-
laine, wlio settled on a large tract of land in
Pennsylvania. He was a Lutheran, and in his
zeal to promote the interests of his religion es-
tablished the first Lutheran church in Northum-
berland county. The mother of Dr. Stambach
was formerly Sarah French, who was born in
Trenton, N. J., of English descent, and was left
an orphan at an early age. She was the mother
of ten children, seven of whom attained maturitv,
and her death occurred in Philadelphia in 1884.
Of the children, John A. is living in Philadel-
phia: Mahlon D. served during the Civil war
and is living in Louisville, Ky. ; George died in
Philadelphia; Dr. Anna M. graduated in medi-
cme m 1857, and died in 1872, in Aiken, S. C;
Dr. Ida is practicing in Santa Barbara; and Car-
rie IS now Mrs. Nixon, of Santa Barbara.

The education of Dr. Stambach was acquired
in the public schools of Philadelphia, and in 1876
he began the study of medicine with Dr. Rufus
Sargent, subsequently entering Hahnemann
Medical College, from which he was graduated
March )o, 1879. He then spent a year in the
hospital, and in 1880 went abroad 'for further
study, pursuing a course at Gottingen. and also
studying at \'ienna for eighteen months. He
traveled over Europe, familiarizing himself with
the art, architecture and history of the old world,
and gaining useful professional knowledge in the
different centers of medical and surgical activity.
In the fall of i88r ho again touched .American
shores, and al once engaged in practice in Phila-
delphia.

i;38

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Coming to Santa Barbara in 1885, lie located
at No. 15 West Victoria street, and engaged in a
general medical practice. He is among the fore-
most in homeopathic circles in the city, and is
at present or has been in the past associated with
all of the important organizations in Uie state
and county. He is a member of the California
State Homeopathic Medical Society, the South-
ern California Homeopathic Medical Society, of
which he is e.x-president and ex-secretary; the
Pennsylvania State Homeopathic Medical Soci-
ety, and the International Hahnemann x\ssocia-
tion. Until his resignation he was a member
and director of the Chamber of Commerce. Po-
litically he is a Republican, and fraternally is
associated with the Woodmen of the World, of
which organization he is medical examiner.

In Santa Barbara Dr. Stambach married Helen
W. Knight, who was born in Reading, Mass.,
a daughter of Francis H. Knight, member of
the firm of Goldthwait, Snow & Knight, of Bos-
ton. Mr. Knight came to Santa Barbara in 1879,
and was engaged in the furniture business until
his death in 1901. To Mr. and Mrs. Stambach
has been born one child, Henry L., Jr.

five children, all of whom are in Ventura county,
Cal. Mr. Stewart is a Democrat, as are all the
members of his father's family, and he is a mem-
ber of the Native Sons of California.

WALTER OSCAR STEWART. If enter-
prise and industry count for aught, Mr. Stewart
has before him an unusually bright prospect.
Undismayed by a misfortune which deprived him
of his available possessions, he is again pushing
his way to the fore, and, as depot agent and post-
master at Somis, Ventura county, is faithfully
discharging his duties to the public. He was
born in Ventura county July 16, 1873, a son of
Oscar A. and Fredericka (Seipp) Stewart, the
former of whom was one of the first settlers of
Ventura county, and is now a resident and
rancher two miles south of Camarillo.

After finishing his education in the public
.schools, Mr. Stewart took possession of the
agency at Somis in September of 1900, the sta-
tion having been started just a year before. In
connection with his other work he is learning to
be a telegraph operator. A year ago Mr. Stew-
art built a store and stocked it well with general
merchandise, his successful management of the
same being brought to an abrupt ending by a
disastrous conflagration, which burned about ten
thousand dollars worth of possessions. He re-
sumed business at Somis in March, 1901, Sena-
tor Bard having erected the building in which
Mr. Stewart carries on his business. About a
year ago Mr. Stewart was appointed postmaster,
and his hands are therefore well filled with the
discharge of his varied interests.

The marriage of Mr. Stewart and Mary Ann
Sebastian, sister of John Sebastian, of Camarillo,
occurred at Springville in 1896. Of this union
there is one child, Reta \'iolet, who is now four
years of age. The j)arents of Mr. Stewart were
born respectively in Michigan and Ohio, and had

HUGH WARRING. Well known among the
ranchmen of Ventura county is Mr. Warring,
who came to Buckhorn from Santa Clara county
m 1869. In the latter county, near San Jose,
he was born September 23, 1857, and is a son of
Benjamin F. Warring. Coming to Ventura
county with his parents when he w-as twelve
years of age, he grew to manhood upon the
Buckhorn ranch, and in 188 1, starting out for
himself, bought a tract of unimproved land near
the home ranch. For a time he conducted a
general farming business, but later turned his
attention to the raising of oranges, lemons and
olives, and to-day has one of the finest fruit or-
chards in the valley. Certainly due credit should
be given him for having developed a raw piece
of land into a thrifty fruit ranch. It has been
said that he may be termed a public benefactor
who causes two blades of grass to grow where
one grew before. Measured by this standard,
he has been a benefactor to the people of Ven-
tura county and has proved himself a public-
spirited citizen.

In 1890 Mr. Warring became interested in de-
veloping oil in Hopper canon. He served as sec-
retary of the Fortuna Oil Company, which
drilled sixteen wells. At the present time he
owns several hundred acres of land showing oil
seepage. His oil interests include the position
of president of the Hopper Canon Oil Company,
of which he was an organizer. He is among
the largest stockholders in the Tapo Oil Com-
pany, which owns eight hundred acres of oil
land, a portion of the Tapo ranch. In several
other oil companies he is also a stockholder.
Gold mining has received some attention from
him, and he is a stockholder in the Yellow Bird
gold mine in Arizona. The Fillmore Citrus
Fruit Association numbers him among its stock-
holders. Since starting out in the world for him-
self, at the age of twenty-three, he has been
successful in his varied undertakings.

The marriage of Mr. Warring, in 1881, united
him with Miss Alice Conaway, daughter of
Joshua A. Conaway. Four sons were born of
this union, Edwin, Floyd, Alfred and Lester, to
whom the death of Mrs. Warring, June 18. 1896,
was an irreparable loss.

While Mr. Warring has numerous business
activities, they do not prevent his participation in
local affairs. Indeed, we find him prominent in
measures for the benefit of the Republican party
and for the general advancement of his commu-
nity. For one term he served as justice of the
]5eace at Buckhorn, and has also served for some
vcars as a member of the school board. At times
of elections he has been called upon to serve on

. V-. ^<£^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD

6.41

the election board, and he has also more than
once been connected with the \'entura county
central committee.

BENJAMIN F. WARRING. The distinc-
tion of being the first white settler at Buckhorn,
\'entura county, belongs to Mr. Warring, who
arrived here from San Jose September 30, 1869.
He was born in Tioga county, N. Y., March 9,
1829, and his parents, Hudson and Rebecca
(Sherman) Warring, were also natives of that
state. While he was still quite small his mother
died and his father went away. He was then
taken into the home of Mr. Slocum, a farmer,
with whom he remained until he reached his
majority. In 185 1 he came, via the isthmus, to
California, and at San Jose joined a sister. Mrs.
Grinnell, who had gone there as a missionarj- in
1849. Near San Jose he purchased one hundred
and sixty acres of land, where he remained for
eighteen years, meantime raising grain and
other farm products. Accompanied by his fam-
ily, in 1869, he came to the Santa Clara valley,
then Santa Barbara (now Ventura) county, and
homesteaded his present farm of one hundred
and sixty acres, which afterward became known
as Buckhorn ranch. This name was given for
the following reason : During the first few years
of his residence in Ventura county he spent
most of his time hunting deer and bear, which
were very plentiful in the mountains. The
bucks' horns he nailed to a board, which he
placed over his gate. For miles around his
place became known as the ranch with the
bucks' horns, and this was shortened in time to
the Buckhorn ranch. It was a resting place tor
the travelers and prospectors, who always found
a hearty welcome there and plenty of provision
for man and beast. When the railroad came
through in 1887 a side track was built and a Hag
station established, which was known as Buck-
horn. Later a postoffice was established here,
so that finally, after having for many years trav-
eled sixty miles for his mail, Mr. Warring is
now able to get it at his own door.

During the first few years on his present place
Mr. Warring"s principal crops were hay, barlev
and wheat, but gradually he set out a family or-
chard, which to-day comprises forty acres, prin-
cipally in apricots. A drying plant is operated
in connection with the orchard. Tlie water right,
from Hopper caiion, which Mr. Warring devel-
oped himself, flows si.xty miner's inches under
four-inch pressure, furnishing plenty of water
for the ranch. Indeed, the improvements are all
first-class, and he has just reason to be proud
of the place, as representing the result of liis
energy and perseverance. During the '80s he
took up or leased land at Hopper canon (for-
merly called Arroyo canon) and put down about
twelve oil wells, producing eight hundred Ijar-

rels per month. In 1899 he sold his interest to
the Fortuna Oil Company, which he had organ-
ized. The Tapo Oil Company, of which he is a
member, owns eight hundred acres of oil land
on the Tapo ranch, where his son, I. Hudson
Warring, is developing oil, having organized the
Tapo Oil Company.

In San Jose, in 1854, Mr. Warring married
Miss Missouri Easley, and afterward their family
included five children: Isaac Hudson, of Santa
Paula; Elihu, of Buckhorn; Walter, who re-
sides with his parents; Mrs. Emma Wilson and
Miss Lottie Warring, who are deceased. Dur-
ing the Civil war Mr. Warring was a member
of a local cavalry company at San Jose. The
Republican party has always received his firm
allegiance, and for many years he served as
school director. Both as ranchman and oil pro-
ducer he has been successful, and among the
residents of his community none is more highly
respected than the owner of Buckhorn ranch.

LOUIS JOSEPH LEGRAND. California,
whither turns instinctively the thought of the
landscape gardener in America, as expressive of
the endless possibilities of a nature loving call-
ing, has reflected in its parks and driveways, its
fragrance and riots of glorious color sympho-
nies, the fulfilled ambitions of some of the most
appreciative and intelligent master artists in
the world. And in thus attributing much of the
charm of this richly endowed state to the co-
operation of the landscape gardener, it is but
a step from generalities to personalities, for in
singling out those who have attained to the
greatest results in collaborating with nature
one is forced to the admission that many are '
called but few chosen. One whose mind is most
finely attuned to the harmonies of nature, and '
who has developed its latent resources and
blended its utilities, is L. J. Legrand, superin-
tendent of Calvary cemetery in Los Angeles,
and chief instigator of the intricate and be-
wildering beauty of the city parks.

In his youth Mr. Legrand received every ad-
vantage calculated to inspire his best efforts.
He comes from Belgium, a country which num-
bers among its chief charms prolific horticul-
tural and floricultural resources. A native of
the Province of Liege, near the city of that
name in western Belgium, he was born June 21,
1853, a son of Francois and Rosalie (Hermann)
Legrand, natives of the same province. The
father was a farmer by occupation and served
with distinction in the Belgium army, but he
is now dead, as is also his wife. Their nine
children are, with the exception of L. J., living
in their native land. After completing his edu-
cation in the public schools of Liege, Mr. Le-
grand attended the Horticultural College in
Vilvorde, north of Brussels, for two years, and
then entered the horticultural dejiartment of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the University of Ghent, where he took a full
course and was graduated in 1874. For the fol-
lowing eight years he engaged in business in
Ghent, and during that time propagated prin-
cipally species of ferns and palms, but was also
interested in house plants and in fibrous root
plants. Only those who have visited in their
travels the markets of that picturesque city of
Cihent, and have seen the wealth of blooms pos-
sible of production in the wonderfully rich soil,
are capable of appreciating what a Mecca for
the florist would be this particular part of Bel-
gium. And thus it happened that Mr. Legrand
built up a large business of more than local im-
portance, for he eventually shipped to all parts
of the world on a wholesale scale, and in the
interest of his increasing trade made annual
trips to England, Holland, France, Germany and
Switzerland.

Placed thus in touch with the most mtelli-
gent and e.^acting trade in the world, Mr. Le-
grand decided to test the possibilities of a
newer but nevertheless resourceful country, and
upon landing in America in 1884, chose Cali-
fornia on account of its climate and natural
advantages. For the first three months in Los
Angeles he engaged in business with Stengel,
and afterwards took up landscape gardening,
and the following year, 1885, was made super-
intendent of the Los Angeles parks. Almost
immediately he began the work of improving
.the general aspect of the city, and laid out the
Sixth street and Plaza parks, and later the East-
lake Park of fifty-two acres and the Westlake
Park of thirty-five acres. A still later under-
taking was the arrangement of Elysian and
Prospect parks, and his labors in this capacity
extended for the time being over a period of
six years. After resigning frotri the city service
he was installed as chief landscape gardener of
the Whittier Reform School, for which he ac-
complished most satisfactory results, and at the
end of two years returned to Los Angeles.
where, owing to the death of Mr. Tomlinson in
1893, he was reappointed superintendent for one
term. He accomplished the landscape work of
Hollenbeck and Echo parks, and the first year
planted forty thousand trees in Elysian Park.
The planting of these trees, many of which were
on the hills, caused a great deal of criticism to
emanate from the columns of the conservative
jiress, which predicted all kinds of disaster, even
prophesying that Mr. Legrand would have to
carry ground up to the top of the hills to make
the trees grow. The grounds, which to-day ap-
pear like a forest, and cast a grateful and allur-
ing shade from the swaying branches of trees
whose doom was foretold by the press, plainly
establish the fact that the planter, and not his
critics, understood what he was about, .\fter
the expiration of his term Mr. Legrand stepped
out of his position to accoinniodate the candi-

date of the incoming party, which differed from
him politically. He then went about laying out
some of the most attractive places in the city,
and at present he is engaged in the arrange-
ment of the grounds of Lyman Stewart, on the
corner of Lucas and Twenty-sixth streets, a fine
place covering five acres. He also laid out the
Hollenbeck home grounds, the Childs grounds,
on Adams and .\rlington streets, and others
worthy of note.

In the meantimt-, about tivc years ago, Air.
Legrand was made superintendent of Calvary
cemetery, which has developed under his skill
into one of the ideal cities of the dead, and
which contains one hundred and forty-four
acres of land. About one-fourth of the property
is fenced and improved, and it is continually
assuming a more finished aspect. In this, as in
his other undertakings, Mr. Legrand has earned
the keen appreciation of the thousands who
have benefited by his plans for the redemption
of the city, and in his steadfast approach
towards the best of his calling has disarmed the
hostile criticism of the less confident. As in
all undertakings of actual worth and ofttimes
surprising and unusual advancement, the ele-
ment of competition and rivalry plays an impor-
tant part, but, unlike Mr. Legrand, all are not
content to abide the decision, awaiting the ma-
turity of their plans. In this he has shown the
culture and tact to be expected from a member
of one of the finest and oldest Flemish fami-
lies, and whose advancement has extended into
many fields beloved of the student and remote
from his immediate occupation.

June I, 1876, while living in Ghent, Mr. Le-
grand married Caroline Wallem, a native of
Ghent, and daughter of Charles Wallem, an
artist painter whose work brought him more
ilian local renown, and who was celebrated all
over the continent. Her paternal grandfather
was a native of Belgium and a merchant during
his active life, while his wife was born in the
same province. Four children have been born
to Mr. and Mrs. Legrand: Henry, a resident
of Los Angeles; Fernand, assistant superin-
tendent under his father; Martha, educated at
the Convent of the Visitation at Ghent; and
Paul, living with his parents. In his work Mr.
Legrand has found an able and appreciative
assistant in his cultured wife, who has the in-
stincts of the artist, the hospitality of the Bel-
gian born, and the womanliness which wins and
retains nian\- friends.

M.\I)IS()X THORXni'Rt.ll. t.. whom is
due the distinction of being the first real-estate
man, the first insurance agent, the first justice
of the peace, and the first notary ])ublic of Santa
Maria, has been connected with the town of his
ado])tion to an extent which renders those who
came after him his debtors and sincere apprecia-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

643

tors of his work in behalf of progress and enter-
prise. Of sturdy Quaker stock, he was born at
Hagerstown, Wayne county, Ind., in 1835, a son
of John Thornburgh, a native of Newmarket,
Jefferson county, Tenn., where he was born in
1809. The mother, EHzabeth (Hunt) Thorn-
burgh, was born in Gififord county, N. C, iutI
died in Indiana many years ago. The paternal
grandfatlier, Henry, who was of German de-
scent, was born in North Carolina in 1773, and
in 1824 migrated to Indiana, where he bought a
large tract of government land and farmed dur-
ing the remainder of his life. He was a devout
Quaker, and invariably sat at the head of the
early day meetings at Richmond, Ind. Jolm
Thornburgh was known as "John the Saddler."
a nickname which resulted from his occupation.
He removed with his family to Iowa in 1874,
and built the Redfield woolen mills, in Dallas
county, Iowa, and in 1870 came to Ventura
county, Cal., and lived at Rincon Point for a
year. He then took up land where is now the
site of Santa Maria, but which was at first called
Central City, the present name being substituted
by a committee of citizens called together for the
purpose by Mr. Thornburgh, in 1883. This early
pioneer died in the midst of his successes in De-
cember of i8gs, having played well his part in
the east as well as the west, and having been
successful as a farmer and merchant, which latter
occupation he engaged in for a few years during
the '70s. In his family were eight children, three
of whom are still living, Madison being the sec-
ond child. The others are: Sophia 15., who is
the wife of S. B. Jones, of Santa Maria: and
Jesse, a courageous soldier during the Civil war,
and at present a resident of Santa Maria.

While the store of the elder Thornburgh was
doing a flourishing business during the '70s, his
son, Madison, was a trusted clerk, and rapidlv
rose to a knowledge of every detail of the busi-
ness. He later branched out on his own respon-
sibility, and became interested in insurance, real
estate, and in holding the various political offices
for which he has showed such an especial fitness.
Scarce an enterprise which has arisen with the
influx of population but has received the benefit
of his support and the advantage of his financial
and executive ability, one of his most conspicu-
(His undertakings being the organization of the
school district, he himself being clerk of the
board for eight years. He has ever since taken
an active interest in educational matters. He
was one of the committee that helped bring the
sugar refinery to Santa Maria, the value of which
has been repeatedly demonstrated to the satis-
faction of the most casual observer.

In his allegiance to the Republican i)artv Mi
Thornburgh follows the example of his fore-
fathers, not one of whom ever voted the Demo-
cratic ticket. He has served as justice of the
peace and notary- public, and has been postmas-

ter of Santa Maria since May of 1898. Out of
a little hole in the wall he has evolved a service
of dignified proportions, and has a fine office
in which the postal affairs are conducted. As
evidence of his success Mr. Thornburgh ha.s
come into the possession of a large amount of
real estate, and in connection therewith is the
interesting fact that, when in the real-estate busi-
ness, he was instrumental in defeating the At-
lantic & Pacific Railroad regarding the reserva-
tion between Ventura and "'San Francisco, and
restored to the people every alternate section
between these points. He has seen every build-
ing put up in this town, and feels a natural pride
in being to such an extent a participator in its
present prosperity. In addition to his town prop-
erty he owns two thousand acres in the county.
Mr. Thornburgh has been thrice married, the
present Mrs. Thornburgh having been, before
her marriage, Mctoria Woodward of Santa
Maria, daughter of Prof. Charles Woodward,
wlio built and for twenty vears maintained the
Salem College organ. To Mr. and Mrs. Thorn-
burgh has been born one daughter, Ruth, who
is now eight years old. By a former marriage
to Mary Laubach, of Iowa, there is one son,
Frank, who, until a short time ago, was deputy
postmaster under his father. Fraternally a
Mason, Mr. Thornburgh is the veteran of his
order in this state, and is now a charter member
of Hesperion Lodge, No 264, of Santa Maria.
While justice of the peace at Santa Maria, the
jurisdiction of Mr. Thornburgh extended over
an area greater than the state of Rhode Island.

J. J. STREETS, D. V. S. The necessities,
disposition and unquestioned nobilitv of that
wonderful friend of man, the horse,' is by no
one better understood and appreciated than by
Dr. Streets, the capable and popular veterinarv
surgeon of Ventura. So intimate has been his
association with these almost human helpmates,
and so profound his research in connection
therewith, that he is regarded as one of the best
authorities in Southern California, and as such
is a member of the veterinary board of Califor-
nia, to which he was appointed by Governor
Gage in 1899. Quite in keeping with his stand-
ing in the community, he has the finest and larg-
est livery stable in the town, in connection witli
which is maintained a veterinary hospital with
modern equipment, where the physical ills of the
n.iodern Pegasus are conscientiously and skill-
fully treated. The livery business is conducted
under the firm name of Streets & Foltz, and the
large patronage is proof of its reliable business
tactics.

To the conduct of his business Mr. Streets
brings a most thorough pre])aration. having in
bis youth been favored with fortunate educa-
tional training. A native of Crete, Will countv.
III., he was born .^eptemluT (), 1863, ;i son nf

644

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

[ohn ^^^ streets, who was born in Delaware.
The father went to Will county, III, when a
young man, eventually settling at Woodstock.
McHenry county, where he engaged in educa-
tional work. He finally returned to Will county,
where he died. The mother, formerly Alartha J.
Williamson, was a native of Crete, III, and a
daughter of John Williamson, a pioneer of Will
county when Chicago was a trading post. He
was a native of the north of Ireland, and of
Scotch descent. His wife, Lucinda William.son,
was born in Xew England. The parents were
farmers during the greater part of their lives,
and w-ere pioneers and prominent citizens of
Crete, III The mother, who died in Wood-
stock, had two children, the other son being
Frank, who is now- a merchant at Woodstock, 111.

While being reared in Will county, III, Dr.
Streets studied at the public schools at Xaper-
ville, and eventually was graduated with high
honors from the State Agricultural College at
Ames, Iowa, in 1887, having taken the three
years' course. He was valedictorian of his class,
and was appointed house surgeon during his
third year. Subsequently he entered the Amer-
ican \'eterinary College, in Xew York City,
and upon his graduation in 1888, received the de-
gree of D. \" S. He later engaged in practice
in Aurora, Kane county. III, and in 1891 lo-
cated in Ventura. Cal, which has since been the
scene of his activity, and the beginning of his ex-
cellent work as the only graduate veterinary of
tJie town.

After coming to Southern California Dr.
Streets married Alice C. Drucker, a native of
San Francisco, and a member of the association
called the Xative Daughters of the Golden West.
Of this union there is one daughter and one son,
Margaret and James. Dr. Streets is a member
of the Fraternal Aid and the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows, is past officer of the encamp-
ment, and past officer and scribe of the canton.
He is prominent in the afifairs of the town, and
his many admirable claims as a public-spirited
citizen arc fully appreciated by the community
of which he is so valuable an acquisition. As
a Republican, he has been active in local and
county affairs, and is an ex-member of the
county central connnittee. He is a member of
the State \'eterinary Association and has been
.stock inspector of Ventura county ever since his
location in the county.

EDWARD M. WAGXER, who is a large
land owner and harness and saddle man-
ufacturer of Ventura, was born in Oshkosh,
Wis.. October 19, 1851.' His father. William,
was born in Trier, Alsace-Lorraine, and immi-
grated to America in 1846. settling in Milwau-
kee, Wis., v\here he engaged in the mercantile
business. He eventually removed to ( )shkosh.
Wis., where he bccnnio nrnmiiieut in the affairs

of the town, and built the first opera house there.
This structure became the victim of a disastrous
conflagration, as did its successor, but the third
building remained a successful monument to the
enterprise and good management of its ow'ner.
He conducted a general merchandise business,
and continued the same until the breaking out
of the Civil war. As captain of Company B,
Third Wisconsin Cavalry, he served his country
throughout the war, in the army of the west, and
was honorably discharged after the expiration
of his term of service. He continued his inter-
ests in Wisconsin for a time, and January 4.
1875. located in \'entura, Cal, and managed the
Palace and other hotels until his appointment
as a government officer in the mint at San
Francisco. At the expiration of six years he
resigned this position and retired to \'entura,
where he died in 1898, at the age of eighty-tw-o
years. He was prominent in fraternal circles,
and was a member of the Masons and the Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows, and was also
associated with the Grand Army of the Republic.
In his young manhood he married Anna Gan-
sen, who was born in Germany, and died in
\'entura at the age of sixty-seven years. The
Gansen family came from Holland, and were
political refugees to Germany, on account of
which the name was changed from Jansen to
Gansen. There were eight children born to Mr.
and Mrs. A\'agner: John B., who has been dep-
uty auditor of \'entura county for about sixteen
years: E. M., who is living at X'entura: A. J.,
who is a resident of Stockton, Cal; ]\Irs. Emma
lienchley, who is living at Fullerton, Cal: Ju-
lius K., who is in San Francisco: Mrs. Annie
Cross, of Salem. Ore.: William, Jr., who is a
resident of \'entura: and Ernest, who is a miner
in the Klondike.

The education of Edward M. Wagner was ac-
quired in the Oshkosh public schools and Osh-
kosh Academy, and in 1874 he came to \cntura
with his father. For many years he was associ-
ated with his brother. A. J., in the management
of the Palace Hotel, and his interest was eventu-
ally disposed of to his brother, after which he en-
gaged in the ranching business. .\t present he
is the owner of one hundred and ninety acres of
land, all tillable, a portion of which is irrigated,
and which is rented out in tracts. The manage-
ment of this property and also that of Mrs. M.
C. Solari. of over two thousand acres, is a large
responsibility and consumes considerable of Mr.
Wagner's time. In 1887 he engaged in the man-
ufacture of harness and saddles, and has a well-
equipped store on Main street. In business cir-
cles he is regarded as one of the substantial men
of the town, and his success has been entirely
the result of application and the practice of the
liighest financial ethics.

Mrs. Wagner was formerly Fivira ."-^nlari. wlm
was born in \ eutura and e<iucated at Santa

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

647

Clara College. She is the oldest daughter of
Augustus Solari, and is the mother of one son,
Orestes Edward. In political circles Mr. Wag-
ner is well and favorably known, and as a stanch
Democrat has served on the count}' central com-
mittee. He is associated with the Ancient Order
cf United Workmen, is one of the Sons of Vet-
erans, and is a member of the Board of Trade.
With his family, he attends the Mission Church.

JAMES R. ATCHISON. The association of
Mr. Atchison with the Los Angeles Electric
Railway Company dates from December i, 1898,
when he accepted a position as chief engineer of
their plant and he still continues in the same
capacity, although the title has since been
changed to that of superintendent of power
plants. For use in the city plant there are now
two engines of fifteen hundred horse power;
one of one thousand; one of six hundred and one
of three hundred ; while the capacity of the three
engines in the Pasadena plant is respectively
six hundred, four hundred and fifty and two
hundred and fifty. In addition to this ihe com-
pany owns another plant on Mount Lowe, which
is utilized in operating Mount Lowe Rail-
way.

Mr. Atchison was born in Lebanon, St. Clair
county. 111., June 14, 1861, the second of three
sons comprising the family of James and Anna
(Johnston) Atchison. His father, who was of
Scotch-Irish descent, was a native of Penn-
sylvania and early removed to Illinois, where he
followed the millwright's trade. A strong
abolitionist, he was stanch in his support of the
Union and during the war was in the govern-
ment employ, but died before peace was de-
clared. In 1868 the widowed mother, accom-
panied by her three sons, came to California,
first settling in San Francisco and from there
removing to Bangor, Butte county, where she
still makes her home. Her oldest son, Thomas,
is employed in the poHce department of San
Francisco, while the youngest, John B., is in the
United States mail service.

When a boy of seven years, James R. Atch-
ison accompanied his mother across the plains,
via the railroad, to California, where he attended
school two years. From that time until he was
sixteen he lived in Bangor. On his return to
San Francisco, he was apprenticed to the ma-
chinist's trade, remaining in the Pacific iron
works for four years. His first employment,
after completing the trade, was at Battle Moun-
tain, Nev., where he was engineer at the mills
for nine months. Returning to San Francisco,
he was employed in the Phoenix shop as a ma-
chinist, and later worked in other shops, in-
cluding those of the Southern Pacific Railroad.
In November, 1885, he came to Southern Cali-
fornia, but did not remain at that time, going on

to Arizona, where he was engineer in the Silver
King mine. His next position was as superin-
tendent of a twenty-stamp mill in Sonora,
Mexico, where he remained seventeen months.
On account of an accident which prevented him
from using his hand, he resigned the position
and went to Tucson, Ariz., but it was some time
before ,he was in a condition to resume work.
Returning to Los Angeles about 1888, he was
employed in the Southern Pacific shops, later
in the Baker iron works, afterward in the Fos-
mir iron works and then was given charge of
the engine room of the Los Angeles Electric
Company. A later position was that of chief
engineer of the Ice and Cold storage Company
of Los Angeles, where he remained a year,
meantime thoroughly renovating and remodel-
ing the plant. On resigning that place he be-
came superintendent of the power plants of the
electric railroad, which responsible position he
has since fihed with the utmost efficiency.

Since settling in Los Angeles Mr. Atchison
has married, his wife being Louise M. Mar-
shall, daughter of Scotch parents who became
pioneers of Eldorado, Cal., where she was born.
The fraternal associations of Mr. Atchison in-
clude rnembership in Pentalpha Lodge, F. &
A. M., in which he was made a Mason; the In-
dependent Order of Foresters; Knights and
Ladies of Security, and Los Angeles Lodge
No. 135, I. O. O. F., his connection with the
Odd Fellows dating from his residence in San
Francisco. He is a member of the National
Association of Stationary Engineers. Though
not an office holder nor a leader in politics, he
is a pronounced Republican, and always gives
his support_ to that party's principles. In keep-
ing with his ideals of citizenship, he interests
himself in movements for the benefit of Los
Angeles, particularlv, as may be supposed, in
such plans as indicate the attainment of trans-
portation facilities superior to those enjoyed bv
any city of like size in the United States.'

ROBERT A. TODD. Prominent among the
young men who wield an increasing and impor-
tant influence in the public affairs of Los An-
geles stands Robert A. Todd, member of the
common council from the eighth ward. Mr.
Todd is a Californian by birth, and was born in
San Bernardino March 5, 1870. His father, Asa,
who was born in the vicinity of Lexington. K\.,
accompanied his faniilv to Missouri in childhood
and settled upon a large farm, where later horses
and cattle were raised in large numbers. In 1853
he crossed the plains on mule-back, traveling
alone almost the entire distance and following
the northern route. Arriving in the west, he
began to work in mines, and soon had gained
a fortune in placer mining, but lost it in quartz
mining. As a wheelwright in the employ of
Gen. Phineas Banning, he came to Southern

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

California, working first in Wilmington and then
in Los Angeles. For many years, however, con-
tracting and building have engrossed his atten-
tion, and, although now sixty-nine years of age,
his activities have not lessened nor his vitality
become impaired. Of his marriage to Mary
Rhine were born three sons, namely: Robert
Asa and Earl B., both of Los Angeles; and
Willard, who is now in the Kern river oil dis-
trict.

Near the famous natural bridge which has
given name to one . of \'irginia's villages in
Rockingham county. Airs. Todd was born and
reared. Her father, Isaac N. Rhine, also of Yir-
ginian birth and of German descent, became a
pioneer farmer of Alissouri, and about 1866 carne
to California overland, with ox and mule team,
and accompanied by his family. The trip was
made via Salt Lake to Lytle creek and thence
to San Bernardino, where Mr. Rhine took up
farm pursuits. At the time of his arrival he was
offered, for a dollar an acre, five hundred acres
in Los Angeles, out from Main and Twelfth
streets, but refused, owing to the absence of
water; instead, he purchased land at Downev,
where an abundance of water could be secured,
and there he engaged in agricultural pursuits
until his death, at seventy-two years.

From the age of two years Robert A.Todd was
reared in Los Angeles, where he attended the
grammar and high schools and was graduated
from \\'oodbury's Business College. While still
a boy he became interested in journalistic work,
and for a time was employed on the old Los
Angeles Tribune, later being connected with
other local papers, and then for three years was
editor of the Tucson Star, at Tucson, Ariz., dur-
ing the governorship of L. C. Hughes. On re-
turning to Los Angeles, he became city hall re-
porter for the Evc7iing Express, continuing as
such until his selection by Mayor Snyder as his
private secretary, shortly after his election as
chief executive in December, 1896. During the
entire first administration of Mr. Snyder, the re-
sponsible position of private secretary was held
by Mr. Todd. In 1898 the Democratic party
nominated him for councilman from the eighth
ward and he was honored with the largest ma-
jority ever received by any candidate in the ward.
Two years later he was re-elected by an in-
creased majority. In spite of the fact that the
council is strongly Republican, he has received
due recognition, and during his first term was
one of the members of the committee on public
works. During his residence in Arizona he was
also active in Democratic matters, and for a time
was a member of the Pima county executive
committee, besides serving as a delegate to
county conventions and secretary of the terri-
torial convention. These various positions, to-
gether with his close study of matters political,
have given him an insight into public affairs not

always possessed by men many years his senior.
Every phase of politics has received attention
from him, and all those problems which contrib-
ute to the prosperity or retard the progress of a
nation have been thoroughly studied by him.
Under these circumstances, there is little doubt
that the future holds many positions of trust
and responsibility for him, and it may be safelv
predicted that his name will become in time a
power in his party throughout the state.

In Los Angeles Mr. Todd married Miss Min-
nie Reinert, whose parents, Edward and Mar-
garet Reinert, were early settlers of this city.
His fraternal connections include membership
in Los Angeles Lodge No. 42, F. & A. M., and
Ramona Parlor No. 109, Native Sons of the
Golden West, of which he is past president.

HARRY C. ALLEN. The fact that he has
been a resident of Pasadena since 1887 has
brought to Mr. Allen a thorough knowledge of
the progress of this city during the most im-
portant period of its history, while his constant
interest in horticulture has given him a richness
of experience in the industry which has made
Southern California famous throughout the
v.-orld. During- the years of his identification
with the city he has improved the beautiful sub-
urban place, Allendale, consisting of thirty-two
acres, where, among the restful live oak trees,
ran be seen the possibilities of this favored
clime. Mr. Allen has proven the success of
orange growing and as well every variety of
citrus and deciduous fruits.

The Aliens were among the early settlers of
Massachusetts, where William H. Allen, a resi-
dent of New Bedford, was interested in the
whaling industry. From that state William H.,
Jr., after iiaving graduated from Harvard Col-
lege, removed to Illinois, and settled at Grafton.
Jersey county. During later years he became
one of Grafton's leading men. His splendid ed-
ucational equipment, combined with fine native
gifts and fostered by travel and self-culture,
fitted him to be a leader among men, and in rec-
ognition of his many exceptional qualities the
voters of his district elected him a member of
the Illinois state senate, where his services were
of such an order as to give him a distinguished
place among the able men of that body. For
thirty years he engaged in the banking business
at Grafton, also for a time served as judge, main-
-Lained important manufacturing interests, and,
all in all, was perhaps the leading citizen and
lousiness man of the town. The last seven years
of his useful life were passed in Pasadena, Cal.,
where he died in 1898, aged eighty-four years.
When a young man he married Maria M.
Alason, who was born in Edwardsville, II!., and
who survived him only four years, dying in
Pasadena in 1902, at the age of eighty. Her
father, James Mason, was at the time of his

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

649

death territorial land commissioner of Illinois.
In the family of William H. Allen, Jr., there
are six children, three of whom reside in Cali-
fornia, one son, W. H. (the third to bear that
name), being president of the Title Insurance
and Trust Company in Los Angeles. The fourth
among the children was H. C. Allen, who wis
born in Grafton, 111., July 31, 1850. His educa-
tion was received in public schools and Christian
Brothers College. For a time he was connected
with the Grafton Manufacturing Company and
also aided his father in the management of his
banking alifairs, but in 1882 left home and went
to the south, looking for a suitable location.
After several years spent in the southern states,
he drifted gradually toward the far w-est, and
in 1887 settled in Pasadena, where he has since
made his home. By liis marriage to Miss Har-
riet McCord, of Chicago, he has three children:
Elsie, Clifford and Averic.

BENJAMIN S. VIRDEN. The expectations
of Mr. Virden upon first coming to Oxnard and
starting the pioneer drug business of the place
have been more than realized, and to such an
extent has his business advanced that he moved
into a line brick store, 25x65 feet in dimensions.
The appointments of this new structure are in
every way worthy of the enterprise and progres-
siveness of the owner, and the manifold wants
of those who patronize the store will be readily
met in the future as they have been in the past.

A native of Jackson, Miss., Mr. ^'irden was
born March 7, 1866, and when a child was taken
to Delaware, where he grew to manhood and
received his education in the public schools.
Later he returned to his old home, and after-
wards spent many years in the south. He came
to California in 1889, and engaged in the drug
business at Santa Paula, and has since then
lived in Ventura county. For six years he was
in the drug business at Saticoy, and from there
removed to Oxnard in 1899. He has among his
other possessions one of the prettiest homes in
the town, which was erected by himself with
an eye for the artistic, comfortable and hospita-
ble.

In all matters pertaining to the general wel-
fare Mr. Virden is foremost, and his assistance
may be relied on to further any wise and pro-
motive cause. He was married at \^entura in
1892, to Josephine Kelly, who has proved a help-
mate indeed and of valuable assistance in formu-
lating and carrying out his plans to a successful
issue. Three children have blessed this union:
Hazel Courtney, Ruth Maria and Benjamin, Jr.
In national politics Mr. \'irden is a Democrat,
and in religious matters is affiliated with the
Episcopal Church. Identified with the Masonic
order, he was made a Mason in Hueneme Lodge,
also belongs to Ventura Chapter No. 50, and
Ventura Commandery No. 18.

CAPT. WILLIAM G. WATERS, the presi-
dent, manager and largest stockholder in the
San Miguel Island Company, comes from a
prominent family of English descent, who have
been represented in America since the beginning
of the eighteenth century. The paternal great-
grandfather, Jonathan, came from Sutton, and
the grandfather, Cornelius Waters, was born in
1749, and married Sybil Gardner, daughter of
Isaac Gardner, of Brooklyn, Alass. He was a
clergyman in the Congregational Church. The
next in succession, George Washington Waters,
father of Capt.W. G., was born in Ashby, Mass.,
July 4, 1798, and engaged in a manufacturing
business in Gorham, Ale., until his retirement
from active business life. During the years of
his activity, in Massachusetts, he raised a com-
pany of militia of which he was captain, and
afterwards he was elected colonel. His latter
days were spent in well-earned leisure on the
Pacific coast, and his death occurerd in San
Francisco December 14, 1885. He married
Sarah Forbes, who was born in Greenfield,
Mass., May 30, 1798, and died in Newton, Mass.
She was the mother of twelve children, six of
whom attained maturity, and three are now liv-
ing, Capt. W. G. Waters being the only one in
the west. One son, John, was in the Thirty-
sixth Massachusetts during the Civil war. and
is now a resident of Braintree, Mass.

The youth of Captain Waters was spent in
Gorham, Me., where he was born August 14,
1838. At a very early age he evinced forceful
and independent traits of character, and when
but fourteen started out alone to earn his own
living in the busy marts of the world. As a
preliminary he engaged as a clerk in Boston,
Mass., devoting to studious application whatever
scant leisure came his way of evenings, and for
many years he continually added to the nucleus
of an education thus acquired. His clerkship
ended, he entered the Lawrence locomotive
works as an apprenticed machinist, but after
learning the trade, his health being impaired, he
engaged in the provision business at Clinton,
Mass. In 1861, at the first tap of the drum, he
enlisted in Company C, Fifteenth Alassachusetts,
under Col. Charles Devens, and participated in
the battles of Ball's Blufif, October 21, 1861;
Second Bull Run, Fair Oaks, Antietam, Har-
per's Ferry, the two battles of Fredericksburg,
and numerous other important engagements. In
1862 he was commissioned first heutenant, and
was honorably discharged in the fall of 1863, on
account of physial disability, brought on by ex-
posure and the vicissitudes of war. The ravages
wrought by the strife were deep seated, and it
was not until 1876 that he regained his normal
splendid health. After the return of peace he
was elected captain of his regiment, and com-
missioned by Governor Andrews of Massachus-
etts.

650

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

In spite of his uncertain health Captain Waters
entered the employ of the Whipple File Manu-
facturing Company, at Ballardvale, Essex coun-
ty, Mass., as master mechanic, and was after-
wards with the Montauk iron and steel works,
at Mott Haven, X. Y. He then became iden-
tified with the Boston Daily Advertiser, of which
his brother Edwin was half owner, and for sev-
eral years was in charge of the press depart-
ment. In 1877 he was solicited by ^Ir. Simonton
to become superintendent of the Morning Call,
of San Francisco, and in this capacity put in the
first Rapid Perfection press on the coast, and
was paid the highest salary of any machinist
and newspaper man in California. The erection
of the press was begun in the fall of 1877, and it
was in working order March 7, 1878, after which
Captain Waters continued the superintendency
until his wife's failing health necessitated his re-
moval to Santa Barbara, in the fall of 1887. He
here bought an interest in the San Miguel Island
and engaged in the stock business, organiz-
ing and incorporating the San Miguel Island
Company, of which he has since been manager,
president and chief stockholder. The company
has made many improvements on this island,
having built a road, a residence five hundred feet
above the sea level, also barns, sheds, and a wool
house. There are thirteen thousand acres in tlie
island, and fine merino sheep and full blooded
Jersey cattle are raised.

Captain Waters married Minnie Richardson
Scott, a native of Waban, Mass., and who came
to San Francisco in 1861. her death occurring in
Santa Barbara January 17, 1890. Captain Wat-
ers is a Republican in political affiliation, and is
prominent in Masonic circles, having joned that
organization in 1864 in Massachusetts, where he
was a member of the Meridian Lodge. He is
now associated with the Santa Barbara Lodge
No. IQ2, and has been raised to the Royal Arch
Masons of San Francisco, and Golden Gate
Commandery No. 16. He is a member of the
Jonathan Club of San Francisco. Personally
he is a typical Massachusetts man who is also a
representative Californian, embodying the fine
and imposing physique, inspiring health, and
strong mentality of the most favored sons of the
state of the Pilgrim Fathers.

ments have been instituted for the carrying on
of general farming, and in particular lemon
growing. The owner of this ranch came here in
1891, and has since bent his efforts to perfect
and improve his land, and he hopes in the fu-
ture to profit by the workings of nature.

An easterner by birth and training, Mr. Wat-
ers was born in Hartford, Conn., in 1853, a son'
of E. W. and A. C. Waters. On the paternal
side the family have long been identified with
Connecticut, and many of the happenings of
historical moment in the early days of the state
bear the impress of their achievements. In the
dark days of the Revolutionary \\-ar there was
one Benjamin Waters, who came from Connecti-
cut, and distinguished himself while defending
the cause of the oppressed colonists. W. Lacy
Waters was educated at Hartford, Conn., and at
the National Deaf Mute College, Washington,
D. C, from which lie was graduated in 1873.
He then went to New York City and engaged in
various occupations until 1891, when he came
to Southern California and bought where he
now lives in sight of the ocean.

Through his marriage to Annie Trumbull
Isham, May 19, 1891, Mr. Waters became as-
sociated with the old Trumbull family of Con-
necticut, the greatest glory and pride of which
was Jonathan Trumbull, at one time governor of
Connecticut, and secretary to George Washing-
ton. Mr. and Mrs. Waters have no children,
but their home is a pleasant one, and they are
among the respected and enterprising people of
their neighborhood.

WARREN LACY WATERS. In the esti-
mation of Mr. Waters the possibilities of the
Montecito district ofifer a strong inducement
to all who appreciate the wonderful beauty of
nature here unfolded, and who desire a soil
which, for undeveloped fertility, has no superior
in tlie state. His own home is a delightful spot
in which to live and work out one's expectations,
overlooking the sea with its changeful moods,
and in view of the Channel Islands. There is
plenty of water for irrigation, a fine house offers
a comfortable home, and all modern improve-

^ THOMAS WEALES. This old settler of
Santa Barbara was born in London, England,
July 3, 1848, and is a son of Thomas and Alice
(Toby) Weales, also natives of London, and
members of old families there. In 1850 the fam-
ily came to America and settled in Brooklyn.
N. Y.. where the father followed the painter's
trade during his remaining active years. At the
lime of his death he was seventy-five, while his
wife was forty-eight when she died. Their only
child, Thomas, was reared in Brooklyn and
learned the trade of a baker and confectioner,
which he followed there for a time. Not meet-
ing with the hoped-for success, in 1870 he came
to California, where he believed, under better
conditions, he would gain the prosperity he de-
sired. After a year in San Francisco, he came to
Santa Barbara in 1871. At once he opened a
bakery and confectionery store on State street,
and for twenty-five years he was proprietor of
the California baken\ at No. 636 State street,
being much of that time a partner in the firm
of Earley & Weales. .\t the time he sold out,
he was the oldest business man, in one line of
business, in the entire city.

The enterprise with which Mr. Weales is now
connected, as a member of the firm of Mahon &

(o 2. /^e<MAy\

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Weales, is a brick manufacturing business de-
voted partly to the manufacture of pressed brick
and the plant is the largest in Santa Barbara.
In return for their energy and wise judgment,
the proprietors have gained a prosperity that is
truly deserved. While devoting himself to pri-
vate business affairs. JNlr. Weales has not over-
looked the needs of his home town, but has al-
ways been a friend of local institutions and a be-
liever in a wise and constant system of im-
provements. Politically he is a stanch Republi-
can. After coming to Santa Barbara he was made
a Mason in Lodge No. 192. His marriage took
place in San Francisco and united him with Miss
Alice Heath, who was born in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
of English parentage, and is a member of an old
family in England.

B. L. BALSLEY. As a practical architect
" and builder Mr. Balsley has been associated with
the growth and development of Santa Monica
since 1896 and meantime has superintended the
construction of various public buildings and
private residences. Mr. Balsley is a descendant
in the third generation of a German who settled
in Connellsville, Pa., and his father, H. C, was
born in that city, going from there to Zanes-
ville, Ohio, where he followed the trade of a
cabinet-maker. In 1849 he settled in Marshall,
111., where he first followed his trade, but later
turned to contracting and building. His wife,
Hester Ann Smith, was born near Zanesville,
Ohio, of a New England family, and is still liv-
ing at Marshall at a very advanced age, havuig
long survived her husband. They were the
parents of ten sons and one daughter. Four
sons served in the Civil war, viz.: John H., a
contractor of Danville, 111., who was a member
of the Seventy-ninth Illinois Infantry; Francis
C, a soldier in an Indiana regiment, who later
became a contractor in Ilhnois and died there;
B. L., who was a member of Company I, One
Hundred and Thirty-third Indiana Infantry; and
J. Henry, who served in the Sixty-second Illin-
ois Infantry and afterward died in Danville,
111.

In Zanesville, Ohio, B. L. Balsley was born
November 22, 1846. He was educated in the
public school and academy of Marshall, III, and
in that town acquired an early knowledge of
cabinet-making and carpentering. During May,
1864, he was mustered into the Union service
at Indianapolis, Ind., and took part in the battle
of Nashville under Thomas. At the expiration
of his time he returned to ^larshall, where he
became foreman for a contractor and builder.
Going to Terre Haute, Ind., in 1866, he began
the study of architecture under Samuel Reese,
with whom he remained for five years, meantime
acting as his superintendent of building. On
starting out for himself he went to Chrisman,
111., where he became the principal builder.

Seven subsequent years were spent in Danville,
111. During 1882 he settled in I-'ort Scott, Kans.,
where he built the Inter-State hotel, Perry Van
Fossen's building, New Bauer, Klingbiel and
Schwin blocks, and scores of residences. Many
important contracts were also filled by him in
Joplin, Mo., including the drawing of plans for
and the building of the Baptist Church, at a cost
of $32,000. When he came to California he at
once settled in Santa Monica, where he has his
home on the corner of Utah and Eleventh
streets. Among the residences erected by him
in this city are those of W. S. Vauter and
George Hutton, while in the line of public
buildings the high character of his work is
evidenced in Vauters Bank building.

The marriage of Mr. Balsley took place in
Marshall, 111., and united him with Miss
Sophiana Hodges, who was born in Clark
county, that state. They are the parents of five
children: Martin Edgar, a plumber in Santa
Monica; Dr. John Allen, a graduate of the
medical department of Northwestern University,
Evanston, III, and now a professor in that in-
stitution; Benjamin Randall, who is engaged in
the plumbing business in Santa Monica; Minnie
Ellen, and Florence Alice, a successful music
teacher in this city. The family attend the
Methodist Episcopal Church. In former years
Mr. Balsley was quite active in Grand Army af-
fairs and his interest in the organization con-
tinues undiminished to the present. While liv-
ing in Kansas he was initiated into Masonry in
the Fort Scott lodge, and is now connected with
the blue lodge of Santa Monica. His chapter
degree was received in Fort Scott and since
coming to California he has held membership
in Signet Chapter of Los Angeles. He is also
a member of Los Angeles Commandery No. 9,
having been made a Knight Templar in Fort
Scott, Kans.

REV. SALMON R. WELDON. By the hosts
of friends drawn to him by noble characteris-
tics, and by the many business and other asso-
ciates who profited by his unusual executive and
financial ability, Salmon R. Weldon is remem-
b-ered as one of the representative citizens of
Santa Barbara, and one of the truest-hearted
gentlemen who ever struggled against the dis-
couraging condition of years of impaired health.
( )f Puritan-English descent, his ancestors were
sea-faring men, and owners of vessels. His
father, Jonathan, was born near Barnstable,
Mass., and was an educator during the forepart
of his life, at one time being principal and owner
of an academy at Providence, R. I. Later he be-
came a pioneer of the region around Rockford,
111., at what is now ^^'innebago, where he im-
proved a large farm, and where his death oc-
curred at the age of seventy-seven years. His

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

wife, Mary (Davis) Weldon, was born in New
England, and was of Welsh descent.

Born at Keene. N. H., December 3, 1823, Sal-
mon R. Weldon was reared after his twelfth year
on his father's farm near RocRford, 111., and was
educated at Jubilee College, in Illinois. His ear-
liest aspirations were toward the ministry of the
Episcopal church, and his theological training
was acquired at Gambler, Knox county, Ohio, af-
ter which he was ordained in Chicago by Bishop
Whitehouse. For seven years he was rector
of the Zion church, at Freeport, 111., and then,
owing to failing: heahh, became rector of Saint
Paul's church, built by Jay Cook, at Put-In-Bay,
Ohio. His efforts were there handicapped by
physical disability, and at the end of four years
he came to California, hoping to benefit by the
delightful climate and the change, biit was never
after able to realize his expectations of doing
good in the church. He nevertheless did a great
deal of missionary work which was less arduous
than the responsibility of a church, and in 1872
located in Santa Barbara, where he continued for
a time his ministrations. His death occurred
May 31, 1S87.

Mr. Weldon's advice was a boon to all who
hesitated on the brink of some important under-
taking, for his keen insight, comprehensive
grasp of all sides of a question, and ability to
gauge the ultimate result were truly startling in
correctness. Not the least of his power was the
sterling integrity which influenced all of his de-
cisions, and which actuated all of his undertak-
mgs in life. In Santa Barbara he was one of
the prime organizers and vice-president of the
Santa Barbara County National Bank, and he
was also interested in and vice-president of the
First National Bank. With Mr. Calkins he
bought a ranch of two thousand acres in \'en-
tura county, about five miles from Ventura,
which is one of the finest cattle ranches for miles
around. His extreme youth had also its com-
l^ensations, for while on the farm in Illinois he
patented the first seeder ever invented; the pat-
ent, however, rests with j\Ir. Gorham, for, after
the improvement of his health and his return to
the ministry, he left to that gentleman the man-
agement of the patent and its manufacture. It
has since been known as the Gorham seeder, and
has been e.xtensivelv used.

At Winnebago, 111., Mr. Weldon married, Jan-
uary I, 1853, H. Loraine Gorham, who was born
in Rutland, \'t., a daughter of .\.lonzo Gorham,
also of \'ermont. The paternal great-grand-
father. Seth Gorham. was born in Connecticut,
and settled in \'ermont after his service in the
Revolutionary war. The mother of Mrs. Weldon
was formerly Mercy Humphrey, of Vermont,
the member of an English family who early set-
tled in New Hampshire and later in Vemiont.
The parents were pioneers of Winnebago, 111.,
and both died in the state of their adoption.

Mrs. Weldon was one of the first pupils of the
Rockford Female Seminary (now college). To
Mr. and Mrs. Weldon were born two children,
now living, W. R. H., who is a business man of
Santa Barbara, and Jane A., also a resident of
Santa Barbara.

NAOMI WHEELAN. The advance along
all lines of endeavor to meet the demand created
by the multiplicity of tastes represented in even
small communities, has not found the artistic in-
stinct in the west undeveloped, or indifferent as
to its place among refining and progressive in-
fluences. Practical and at the same time grace-
ful and beautiful effects are evolved from the
artistic faculties of many who recognize the need
of straying from beaten paths if necessary, to
draw the attention, by force of the unique and
satisfying, from the hardening and depressing
commercialism of the time. Miss Wheelan has
been one of those who recognize the power and
utility of things interesting and pleasing to the
eye, and while the particular groove in which
slie accomplishes her mission is not original with
herself, she is nevertheless the first to manufac-
ture and introduce art work in burnt leather to
the residents of Santa Barbara, and her studio
opposite the Arlington on State street has
samples galore of the best possible procurable
effects in this now justly popular and much de-
manded novelty. It is doubtful if any in the
country have attained to higher excellence along
this line, or meet with a more gratifying appre-
ciation. Under Miss Wheelan's skillful man-
agement a wholesale as well as retail business is
carried on, and iier productions are in demand
from one end of the state to the other. This is
a particularly creditable and worthy showing,
as it was as iate as i8y8 before the artistic pro-
ject was formulated and put into execution.

The family to which Miss Wheelan belongs
on both sides were prominently connected w'ith
the city and surrounding country of New Or-
leans, La., to which region her father, Hon.
Peter Wheelan, emigrated from Ireland with
his parents when nineteen years of age. He
was there engaged in the foundry and machine
business, but in 18.S0 came to California, via Pan-
ama, and was for several years interested in min-
ing. To a helpful extent he was instrumental
in starting some entirely new enterprises in the
west, and among his other accomplishments was
the putting up of the -Vita Press, and the erec-
tion of the Wheelan Flour Mills, the first manu-
facturing flour mill m San Francisco. He is now
with the Southern Pacific Milling Company, of
.San Francisco. As a stanch and uncompromis-
ing Democrat, he has held several responsible
political positions, among others being those of
supervisor and state legislator, the latter office
having been held for two terms.

On the maternal side Miss Wheelan is of Ger-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

655

man descent and is by inheritance connected with
the aristocracy and nobility of the empire. Her
mother, Catherine Frances Baker, was born in
New Orleans, a daughter of John Henry Baker,
a large planter of Louisiana, and who came to
California in 1856. They located on and named
Baker's Beach, where John Henry Baker farmed
one hundred and eighteen acres of land until the
latter part of 1856. Mrs. Wheelan's grand-
mother was a Von Sitler, wife of Count Von Sit-
ler, a man of many millions, and a most eccen-
tric nobleman. A firm adherent of the Catholic
faith, he would brook no departure from his be-
lief on the part of an\- member of his family,
and when his sons disregarded his wishes and
followed the leadings of conscience to the Prot-
estant church, he retaliated by loaning all of his
money to the German government for ninety-
nine years. The time limit of the loan expired
in 1856, and, the baron's vengeance accomp-
lished, steps are now being taken to divide the
property among the rightful heirs, of whom Aliss
Wheelan is one. Mrs. Wheelan did not live to
profit by the distribution of the baronial gold,
but died in Santa Barbara in 1893, leaving two
children, of whom Miss Naomi is the younger,
the son being F. H. Wheelan.

A native of San Francisco, Miss Wheelan is
a graduate of the Mills Seminary, and in 1890
came to Santa Barbara with her mother, and
bought a ranch of twelve acres in Montecito,
known as the Casa del Mar, or House by the
Sea, which still remains in her possession. In
iSqS she started in the burnt leather industry,
since which has followed her fine and uninter-
rupted success. Miss Wheelan has hosts of
friends in Santa Barbara, and possesses the fac-
ulty of making and retaining friendships wher-
ever she might elect to live.

HON. B. T. WILLIAMS. So long ago that
no record has been kept of his emigration, an
ancestor named Williams departed from the
home of his forefathers in Wales and, it is sup-
posed, settled in Mrginia. When the yoke of
English tyranny became intolerable to the col-
onists, some of his descendants bravely shoul-
dered the musket and followed the martial for-
tunes of Washington through Valley Forge and
the Revolutionarv war. The great-grandfather,
Thomas, went from \irginia to Kentucky with
Daniel Boone, and in the Blue Grass state the
paternal grandfather, another Thomas, was
born, and eventually married Nancy Boone, a
niece of the great Indian tighter. The grand-
father, Thomas, was one of the foremost early
educators of Kentuckv. and for more than thirty
years held the chair of mathematics in the Uni'-
versity of Kentucky. He was a graduate of the
College of Vireinia. and thirteen of his sons
graduated from the Kentuckv institution which
so profited by his years of tireless service.

Dr. J. S. Williams, the father of Judge Wil-
liams, was born in Pemberton county, Ky., and
received his general and medical education in
the University of Kentucky. He subsequently
located in Chillicothe, ]\io., and in Scotland
county, that state, married .\manda M. Down-
ing, a native of Mrginia, and daughter of Henry
Downing of \'irginia, one of the early settlers
of Scotland county. He continued his medical
practice in Missouri until 1853, when, with his
wife and six children, of whom Judge Williams
was the youngest, he came overland to Califor-
nia with ox teams, via the Platte and Humboldt
route, to Placerville, and located in Santa Rosa,
Sonoma county. He worked up a good practice
in the west, and was equally successful in Santa
Rosa and in San Diego to wdiich he removed in
1869, and where his death occurred in 1880, at
the age of seventy years. His wife, who was the
mother of seven children, four of whom are liv-
ing, died in Santa Barbara in 1898. Of the two
sons born to her, William Thomas attained to
distinction as a member of the California bar,
was ex-district attorney of Santa Barbara, and
was said to be the most lucid and forceful prose-
cutor that Los Angeles county has known. His
professional services in California covered a per-
iod of thirty-four years, and his death occurred
in July of 1900, while still maintaining his office
of assistant district attornev of Los Angeles
county. Of the daughters of the Williams fam-
ily three are living in California and" one resides
in Texas.

Judge Williams was born in Mount Vernon,
Mo., December 25, 1850, and was educated in the
public schools and graduated from the academv
of Santa Rosa. His preliminary knowledge of
law was acquired in the office of Judge William
Ross, of Santa Rosa, and he was admitted to the
bar in Sacramento in 187 1. As the first prac-
ticing lawyer in \'entura, he sprang into rapid
prominence, and in 1873 was elected district at-
torney, and re-elected in 1875, after which he
resumed a general practice. In 1884 he was
elected judge of the superior court of Ventura
county, his re-election following in 1890 and in
1896, the opposing Democratic party failing to
make any nomination against him. Possessed of
a clear-cut logical mind, stored with the most
exhaustive legal lore, he has impressed his prac-
tical erudition upon the law history of this coun-
ty, and has gained a reputation for equitable rul-
ings, just decisions, and a thorough adaptation to
the requirements and amenities of a great pro-
fession. Not less impressive than his mental
acquirements is a physical development the har-
monious proportions of which carry out the
(ireek idea of reflection between the material
and the intellectual, a blending of forces,
neither of which is overshadowed by the other.
Six feet si.x inches in height, and weighing
nearly three hundred pounds, he is an expres-

(<56

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

sion of health, correct Hving, and high think-
ing, and withal one of the most genial and ap-
proachable of gentlemen.

The delightful home of Judge Williams is
graciously presided over by ]\Irs. Williams,
whom he married in Santa Barbara, and who
was formerly Irene Parsons, a native of San
Jose, and daughter of Jacob Parsons, who came
from Illinois to California during the days of
1849. ^Irs. Williams is a graduate of the San
Jose Normal, and has engaged in extended edu-
cational work. Of the children born to Judge
and Mrs. Williams five are now living: John
T., who is a graduate of the Hastings Law
School and is now practicing in San Francisco;
Irene, who is a graduate of the Los Angeles Nor-
mal, class of 1 90 1, and now engaged in teach-
ing; Paul, Kate, and Benneta. Judge Williams
became a Mason in Los Angeles, and is now a
member and Dast master of Ventura Lodge No.
214, and Chapter No. 50, R. A. M. He is also
a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Inde-
pendent Order of Foresters, and the Benevo-
lent Protective Order of Elks.

P. J. WILSON. Were any additional proof
necessary to convince the citizens of Los An-
geles of the large hearted and disinterested en-
terprise which animates the career of Mr. Wil-
son, it would be readily found in his splendid
service to the city as supervisor of the fourth dis-
trict. Sinc^ he assumed control of his of^ce in
January of 1901, subsequent to his election on
"the Republican ticket in the fall of 1900, after a
hard fight with five other candidates, and an
overwhelming majority of twelve hundred, he
has steadily advanced the best interests of his
district, and is constantly improving upon pre-
vious methods of management. Foremost
among the noticeable advancements is his idea
of oil sprinkling of the roads, the patent sprink-
ler for the same owing its origin to the invent-
ive talent of himself and J. W. Earle. The ma-
chine is operated something like the regulation
water sprinkler, water being substituted by the
more lasting and satisfactory oil, and the roads
the following day are gone over with the harrow.
This process is continued during April, May
and June, and the results have more than justi-
fied the expectations of the promoters of the
innovation. As chairman of the county farm
committee, he has devoted his administration to
saving the county money, and to placing it where
the best possible results may be achieved. In
other ways also Mr. Wilson has served the Re-
publican party, and he has been a delegate to
various conventions ever since he came to Cali-
fornia, and is an ex-member of the county com-
mittee. As a politician of the broad and liberal
sort, he has never used as a means of personal
advancement at the expense of public interest,
the various offices to which his ability has called

him, and he enjoys to an exceptional degree the
confidence of the community at large.

A native of Caledonia, Columbia county, Wis.,
Mr. Wilson was born January 26, 1859, and is a
son of James Wilson, who was born in Glasgow,
Scotland, and came to America with his father,
another James, who located in Decorah, Colum-
bia county, Wis. The grandfather Wilson is re-
membered as one of the most helpful and earn-
est of the Wisconsin pioneers, who unflinchingly
faced the dangers and vicissitudes of the forests,
in the midst of wdiich he hewed himself a farm
and reared a family to years of usefulness and
success. On Tolan creek, on the old state plank
road, he built and managed the Wilson hotel,
long one of the hospitable inns in the then wild
country. The latter years of his life, however,
were spent in comparative retirement at Poy-
nette, Wis., where his death occurred. James
Wilson, the father of P. J., was a very p-omi-
nent man in Wisconsin, the greater part of his
life being spent in the vicinity of Lodi, where
he had a large farm and raised short-horn cat-
tle, and engaged in general farming. The last
four years of his life were spent in California,
although his death occurred in Wisconsin June
7, 1900, while on a visit to the former scene of
his activity. He was a Presbyterian in religion,
and a man of extended moral influence in the
business walks of life. As a Republican he took
an active interest in the party undertakings of
his neighborhood and for sixteen consecutive
years was commissioner of Columbia county,
and chairman all of that time. He married Isa-
bella McKenzie, a native of Aberdeen, Scotland,
a daughter of Peter McKenzie, one of the early
settlers of Decorah, Wis., where he died at the
age of seventy-five years. His wife, who died
in 1888, was the mother of four sons and three
daughters, four of whom are now living: James
P., who is an attorney at Leadville, S. D.; P.
J.; S. W., who is with the United Wholesale
Grocery Company of Los Angeles; and W. J.,
who has charge of P. J.'s mercantile business.

Mr. Wilson was educated at the public schools
of Lodi, Wis., and after graduating from the
high school, assisted his father in the manage-
ment of the home farm. At the time he was the
oldest child at home, and he remained there
until his removal to California in 1884, being
the first of the family to come west. In Los
Angeles he secured a position as foreman of the
Park Station warehouse, and was subsequently
superintendent of the same for six years, a po-
sition which he resigned to engage in the mer-
cantile business at what was then Park, but
which is now University Station, at the junction
of Vermont and McClintock streets. Here he
built the first store in the neighborhood and
started the general merchandise business in
which he has since been engaged. He also built a
residence at the point, and at the time there was

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

659

oLit one car line running there, an old horse car
making a leisurely trip about once an hour. The
locality is now visited by three of the best lines
in the city, and general business activity has cor-
respondingly increased. He also became inter-
ested in starting the Union public schools, and
was one of the first board of trustees who se-
cured the erection of the eight-room house,
which marked the beginning of what is now the
banner district of the city.

In Los Angeles Mr. Wilson marrietl Carrie
.VI. Barrows, who was born in Connecticut, and
is a daughter of J. A. Barrows, one of the pio-
neer hardware merchants of Los .\ngeles, and
at present retired. Mrs. Barrows, wdio was edu-
cated in Los Angeles, is the mother of two chil-
dren, Hazel J. and Juanita.

is a Presbyterian. The residence which he built
on Waverly Drive is presided over by Mrs. Sal-
ter, who was Miss Hannah Jane Harvey, a na-
tive of the Isle of Wight. They have two daugh-
ters: Mrs. Ellen Jane Tj-ler, of Pasadena; and
Kate Anne, who is at home

J. SALTER. It was the privilege of Mr. Sal-
ter to spend his boyhood years upon the Isle
of Wight, where he was born. Thus he had
the advantage of a climate and scenery scarcely
surpassed by California itself. Indeed, within
the very narrow limits of the island he found
all kinds of scenery in miniature, with an en-
vironment so attractive that it remained, until
her death, the favorite home of Queen Victoria.
Born in 1852, he was twelve years of age when
apprenticed to the builder's trade, and under
the supervision of expert masters acquired a
thorough knowdedge of stonemason work and
carpentering. Seven years were spent as an ap-
prentice, at the expiration of which time he was
qualified to engage at the trade for himself, and
accordingly proceeded to London, where he
remained about three years. Returning to his
native island, he took up contracting and build-
ing. However, the island was too small to
afford constant employment of the nature he
desired, and he therefore detemiined to seek
work in the United States. During 1888 he
crossed the ocean to New York and the conti-
nent to California, settling in Pasadena.

As is generally known, the boom had faded at
that time and the reaction that set in threw hun-
dreds out of work, crippling business of all
kinds. Around Pasadena alone five himdred
men w-ere idle, anxious for work of any kind.
It seems, therefore, under these circumstances,
remarkably fortunate that Mr. Salter was able to
.secure employment within two weeks after his
arrival, and it is surelv noteworthy that from
iliat time to the present he has been kept stead-
ily busy at contracting in general mason work.
•Among the contracts he has filled may be men-
tioned those for the Gill and Iver houses, and
the residences of Walter Watkins and Mrs.
James Smith. Giving his attention closely to
liis chosen occupation, he finds no time for
participation in politics, and is not connected
with any fraternal organizations except the
Woodmen of the AA^irld. In religious views ho

GEORGE M. WILLIAMS. The six hun-
dred acres of land owned by that enterprising
agriculturist, George M. Williams, has been
utilized by him in about all of the ways possible
in this wonderful part of the state.' His un-
doubted success and land holdings are quite re-
markable when it is known that he started with
practically nothing but a supply of inexhaustible
grit and determination, and patiently awaited the
reward of his labors. His property is distribu-
ted in different parts of the county, at Goleta
and elsewhere, one hundred acres comprising
the home place near Santa Barbara. The or-
chard contains one hundred and fifty acres, and
here are_ raised apricots, peaches, walnuts, be-
sides a vineyard w^hich covers twelve acres. He
has a fine house, and a barn 58x70 feet in di-
mensions, and all modern improvements aid in
the carrying on of his enterprises. On one of
his farms north of Goleta irrigation is accomp-
lished from an exhaustless spring, that in win-
ter and summer continues to pour forth its crys-
tal clear water. The situation of the farm three
miles from town is convenient, as Mr. Williams
markets all of his fruit and garden truck at
Santa Barbara. He makes a specialty of beans,
of which he has a uniformly excellent crop.

In 1872, in Santa Barbara, Mr. Williams was
united in marriage with Eliza Towne, a native
of California, and of this union the following
children were born: Georgie, Mary, Fannie,
Birdie, Edith, James G., and Charles." Mr. Wil-
liams votes with the Democratic party, but he
believes in voting for the best men and meas-
ures regardless of party. He is fraternally
associated with the Masons at Santa Barbara.
with the Odd Fellows and the Benevolent Pro-
tective Order of Elks.

ROYAL WISWELL. So long ago that no
authentic record has been kept of their emigra-
tion, the Wiswell family settled in Vermont,
where was bom the paternal great-grandfather,
Samuel, who couragfeonsly espoused the cause
of the colonists and bravely fought for their
release from British tyranny. The soji of the
Revolutionary hero, the paternal grandfather,
was also born in Vermont, as was John Wis-
well, the father, who married Ada Willard.

The earliest youth of Royal Wiswell was
spent in southern Vermont, where he was born
Septemlier 2, 181=;. He was reared on his
father's farm on the Connecticut river, and at-
tended the early subscription schools. In 18,^4
he removed with his mother and the rest of

fi60

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the family to Illinois, locating in Knox county,
where the mother died in Galesburg- at the ad-
vanced age of ninety-nine years and fourteen
days. After his mother's death, Mr. Wiswell
became a farmer in Warren county, and ex-
tensively raised stock and general produce. In
the fall of 187Q he left the farm in charge of
his son and removed to Galesburg, where he
lived in practical retirement. In the spring of
1886 he decided to benefit by the splendid cli-
mate of California, and after a few years of resi-
dence in Carpinteria located on a small ranch
of thirteen acres near by, which has since been
his home. Though not engaged in business af-
fairs, he attends to the management of his
ranch, which is well improved and put out in
walnuts and general fruits. He has erected a
beautiful home, and enjoys to the fullest extent
his' horticultural pursuits, and the peaceful suc-
cess which is his after years of anxious toil.

In 1844 Mr. Wiswell married Julia Burgess,
who died in 1864, leaving five children, three
of whom are living: Ada, who is the wife of
Ray Boydston; Newell, who is a farmer in
Kansas; and Rose, who is the wife of Zac
Lescher. The second wife of Mr. Wiswell was
formerly Mrs. Sarah (Wood) Moore, who died
after coming to California. In 1890 Mr. Wis-
well married Mrs. Malinda (Burton) Kelly, who,
through her marriage with Mr. Kelly, had nine
children, of whom Mrs. Elizabeth Sutton re-
sides in Summerland and William Kelly in Car-
pinteria. In politics Mr. Wiswell is a Repub-
lican, but has never desired ofificial recognition.

HARRY WOOD. For fully nine hundred
years the Wood forefathers have been born
and reared, and have lived their busy lives and
passed to their reward in the town of Knuts-
lord, Cheshire, England. Without exception,
the male members of the family have followcfl
the occupation of iron manufacturing, the pa-
ternal grandfather, Thomas, having been par-
ticularly active and successful. Knutsford was
also the birthplace of John Wood, the father of
Harry, who had a large machine shop and
foundry, and manufactured iron and agricul-
tural and other implements. He died in Eng-
land in September of 1899. The mother, Sarah
(Hope) Wood, was born in Knutsford, a
daughter of Major Hope, who followed the oc-
cupation of general merchant. Mrs. Wood,
wdio died in England in 1868, was the mother
of seven children, four now living

The oldest in his father's family, Harry
Wood was born in Knutsford June i, 1856, and
was educated in the public schools. From a
small boy he learned the trade of machinist,
determined to sustain the family reputation for
excellent work. Nevertheless, seafaring ambi-
tions were strongly connningled with those of
mechanics, and in 1873 he put out to sea as one

of the engineering crew of the Allen Line
Steamship Company, and in this capacity
crossed the Atlantic, and went to Portland, Me!,
Montreal and Quebec. For four years he con-
tinued with the steamship line as second as-
sistant under Chief Engineer Rankin, one of
the finest engineers that ever manipulated an
engine. This training was of immense benefit
to him in innumerable ways, and admirably
fitted him for taking charge of his father's busi-
ness in Knutsford, which he did for two years,
or until his immigration to America in 1877. In
the United States he located in Detroit, Mich.,
where he was employed as machinist for differ-
ent works, thence going to Fort Wayne, Ind.,
where he worked in the machinery department
cf the Bass Manufacturing Company's works.
He then went south to Tennessee, and later to
Dallas, Tex., as chief engineer for the Amer-
ican Cotton Oil Company, and during the four
years of his superintendency he managed to
build up their works and mcrease their busi-
ness. Upon tendering his resignation in 1889
he received the highest recommendations from
the firm. Before leaving Dallas he spent nine
months building up the electric and steam ap-
paratus of Sanger Brothers' store, which con-
cern covers a whole block. This firm also gave
him excellent testimonials which, while thor-
oughly merited, were particularly pleasing be-
cause of the satisfaction which their apprecia-
tion gave him.

Mr. Wood went to Seattle, Wash., from Dal-
las, Tex., and there put in the machinery for
the Union Trunk Line, and for the Home Elec-
tric Company, with which latter concern he
was chief engineer for a year, after which he
was with the Domestic Heat, Light and Power
Company as chief engineer for over a year, or
until his removal to Santa Barbara in 1896.
Here he was employed by the Pacific Surety
Company to overhaul and rebuild the plant at
ilie Arlington Hotel, a process which required
five months, and then he was with the Consol-
idated Electric Company, of Santa Barbara, as
chief engineer and electrician, to build their
plant and put in the machinery and electrical
apparatus. He also superintended the construc-
tion of the line, put in the engines and boilers
and started the plant, continuing later in his
capacity as chief engineer until February of
1899, when he resigned to engage in business
for himself. He has thoroughly up-to-date ma-
chine works, with all modern appliances, lo-
cated at No. 19 East Cota street, and it is need-
less to say that after all of his responsible ex-
perience he is one of the best manipulators of
mechanical and electrical devices in the state.

Mrs. Wood was formerly Miss M. A. Thomp-
son, of New York, and a native of Ireland. She
is the mother of six children, now living: Helen
M., Ada May. Harry Elmo, William Hope,

^■>^.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Charles David and Mary Elizabeth. JMr. Wood
is a Republican in political affiliation, and is
fraternally connected with the Knights of
Pythias, the Elks, of which he is a charter mem-
ber in Santa Barbara, and the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows. He is a member of
the National Association of Stationary Engi-
neers, Santa Barbara Lodge No. 5. In reli-
gions belief he is an Episcopalian.

WILLIAM H. SPURGEON. The family rep-
resented by Mr. Spurgeon, of Santa Ana, has
been identified with American history for sev-
eral generations, and is of English extraction.
During the residence of Granville and Lovina
Spurgeon m Henry county, Ky., their son, Wil-
liam H., was born October 10, 1829. When a
mere infant he was taken to Indiana and thence,
in 1840, accompanied the family to Missouri,
where he was reared. At the age of fifteen he
became a clerk in a mercantile store at Alex-
andria, Mo., where he was employed for several
years. Shortly after the discovery of gold in
California, he came to the far west. During
much of the four vears that he spent in Califor-
nia, he was employed in the gold mines of the
Sisqua mountains in the northwestern part of
the state, in which enterprise he was successful.
In i8.s6 he made the homeward voyage via
Panama, on shipboard to New York City, and
thence to Missouri. The year after his return
home he became connected with a mercantile
business at Athens, Mo., where he remained sev-
eral years.

The second journey made by Mr. Spurgeon
to California was in 1865, when he accompanied
his father and other members of the family
across the plains to Napa county, Cal. In 1867
he went to Los Angeles and during his brief
residence there his wife, Martha (Moreland)
Spurgeon, a native. of Kentucky, died. Shortly
afterward he returned to Clark county. Mo., and
from there, in 1861J, came to Santa Ana, Cal.
On arriving for the third time in California, he
purchased seventy-six acres of the old Santiago
de Santa Ana grant, a Spanish grant which
originally contained sixty-two thousand acres.
Immediately after buying the tract, Air. Spur-
geon proceeded to lay out the town of Santa
.\na, employing for this purpose Mr. Wright, a
well-known surveyor and civil engineer. The
name which the town bears was given it by Mr.
Spurgeon in honor of the old grant. Later in
the same year, 1869, he built a small house of
redwood and in this he opened a general store.
In addition to his other interests, for a series of
years he acted as agent at Santa .Ana for the
Wells-Fargo Express Company. For some
years he also filled the office of postmaster.
\fter the incorporation of Santa .\na as a city.
he was chosen a member of the first board of
trustees and served as president of the board.

The Democratic party has always had a stanch
adherent in Mr. Spurgeon, and he has been
chosen by his party to occupy various posts of
honor and trust. Notable in his life-history was
his service as a member of the twenty-seventh
session of the California state assembly, where
he represented his section of Los 'Angeles
county (Orange county at that time having not
been organized). For one term he served as
a supervisor before the partition of Orange
county, and after the organization of this county
he was again elected supervisor, during this
term serving as chairman of the board.

Mr. Spurgeon married Miss Jennie English, a
native of Missouri. Five children were born
cf their union, namely: Grace: Lottie, who is
deceased; Mary; William H., Jr.; and Robert
G. The two sui-viving daughters and both sons
make their home in Santa Ana.

THOMAS D. WOOD. While making his
home in Santa Barbara, Mr. Wood has become
prominent as a manipulator of oil at Summer-
land and as president, treasurer and manager
of the Duquesne Oil Company. He comes of
a family for many years identified with the
largest iron manufacturing concerns in Penn-
sylvania. In McKeesport, Allegheny connty.
Pa., he was born July 13, 1857, being a son of
W. Dewees and Rosalind (Gilpin) Wood, na-
tives respectively of Pennsylvania and Dela-
ware. The mother was a daughter of Richard
B. and Ann (Porter) Gilpin, Quakers in reli-
gious belief, and among her relatives was ex-
Governor Gilpin of Colorado, a cousin. Pro-
nouncedly Quaker have been the members of
the Wood family in America, the emigrating
ancestor having been James WockI, who came
from England about 1735, at the time of Wil-
liam Penn, and was a worthy follower of this
famous colonist. The great-grandfather, James
Wood, a large manufacturer of sheet iron, was
the first to manufacture imitation Russian sheet
iron, his process having been later perfected by
his grandson, W. Dewees Wood. This early
manufactory was at Conshohocken, near wdiich
town the paternal grandfather, .Alan Wood, was
born. In time the latter followed in his father's
footsteps as to occupation.

W. Dewees Wood did not depart from the
example set by his father and grandfather, but
rather sought to excel them in the manufacture
of iron. However, the scene of his activity
was shifted from Conshohocken to McKees-
jiort. Pa., where he founded the \\'. Dewees
Wood Company and carried on a large busi-
ness. The firm with which he was connected
has since been merged into the L'nited States
Steel Corporation. At the lime of his death in
1899. he was seventy-two years of age. His
wife (mother of T. D. Wood) died in Pittsburg
in 1883. They are survived by four sons and

662

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

three daughters, Thomas D. being the fourth.
Two of the sons, Richard and Alan W., Hve in
Pittsburg, while George W. is in Denver, Colo.

The education of Thomas D. Wood was ac-
quired in IMcKeesport and at the Western Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania in Pittsburg, from
which he was graduated in 1876, with the de-
gree of Ph. B. He then entered Cornell Uni-
versity for a special course in chemistry, pre-
paratory to engaging in the iron business in
which he achieved marked success. As a mem-
ber of his father's firm, that of W. Dewees
Wood Company, he became also a director
and the superintendent, holding the latter re-
sponsible position for nineteen years. Finally,
on account of his wife's health, he resigned his
position in 1896 and came to California, which
state he had visited two years before. While
living in Pittsburg he married Mary Craige,
who was born in Pennsylvania, and is the
mother of five children.

The Duquesne Oil Company, of which Mr.
Wood is president, treasurer and manager, and
R. H. Herron, of Los Angeles, vice-president,
is one of the largest oil concerns at Summer-
land, has twenty-seven wells, and is ranked
among the most prominent companies now de-
veloping oil in that section. In his home city
Mr. Wood is identified with various social or-
ganizations and is a member of the Santa Bar-
bara Chamber of Commerce. He is a member
of the American Institute of Mining Engineers,
fraternally is connected with the Royal Arca-
num and the Masonic order, and in politics
gives his support to the Republican party.

HON. H. A. BROUGHTON, LL. B. From
an early period in the history of New England
the Broughton family has been identified with
its growth and history. Dr. Amos W. Brough-
ton was a native of \"ermont, but early in life
removed to New York and afterward made his
home in Tonawanda. He was a graduate of
homeopathy and adhered to that school of med-
icine through all the years of his professional
activity. His son, William Wallace Brough-
ton, was born and reared in Tonawanda, and
inherited the high mental endowments of the
race, his talents evincing themselves particu-
larly in the line of journalism. In 1875 he
founded the Lompoc Record, of which he has
since been the editor. In addition, he organ-
ized the Lompoc Temperance Colony and was
instrumental in drawing many permanent resi-
dents to that valley. Elsewhere in this volume
appears a sketch of his life, and further men-
tion of the family may be found in the biog-
raphy of George A. Broughton. M. D., of Ox-
nard, who is one of his sons.

The wife of William Wallace P.roughton was
born in Fort Wayne, Tnd.. and in 1856. when
eight years of age, crossed the plains with her

father, George Anthony, who was a native of
Saratoga, N. Y., and a blacksmith and machin-
ist. He was an own cousin of Susan B. An-
thony and also of Colonel Anthony, one of the
pioneers of Leavenworth, Kans. After estab-
lishing his home in California, he engaged in
the manufacture of lumber and also became a
jjioneer machinist of Santa Cruz, where he was
afterward an mfluential citizen. His father,
.\sa .\nthony, was a native of New England
and became a fanner in Ne\v York. The fam-
ily is of Quaker descent.

The eldest of eight living children, Howard
.\. Broughton was born in Santa Cruz, Cal.,
October 6, 1863. \\'hen twelve years of age
he accompanied the family to Lompoc. At the
age of eighteen he began to teach in the school
where he had been a pupil, and for three and
one-half years continued there, saving his earn-
ings to pay his tuition in college. He then took
the regular law course in Hastings College of
Law, University of California, from which he
was graduated in 1888, with the degree of
LL. B. One of his preceptors while at that
institution was Hon. A. .'\. Sargent, ex-United
States senator and ex-minister to Germany, and
during that time he had the privilege of act-
ing as Mr. Sargent's private secretary. After
graduating he assisted his father and also en-
gaged in practice in Santa Barbara county
until 1891, when he removed to Pomona and
has since carried on practice in this city. Be-
sides his private practice, he acts as attorney
for the First National Bank, the Kingsley Tract
Water Company and the Chino Rancho Com-
pany. After coming to this city he married
Miss Jennie L. Means, who was born at Grand
Island, Neb., and received her education at
Brownell Hall, Omaha.

The Republican party has no member more
stanch in his allegiance to its principles than
is Air. Broughton, and his high standing is indi-
cated by his service as a member of the state
central committee. It was also proved, in 1900,
by his election as representative of the seventy-
first district in the legislature, at which time he
received the largest majority ever given in the
district. During the legislative session of 1901
he was chairman of the committee on corpora-
tions and a member of various other commit-
tees. Among the measures which he supported
especial mention belongs to the franchise bill
providing for the sale of municijjal franchises.
.\t the lime there was much discussion and dis-
l)Ute as to the merits of this bill and it was bit-
terly opposed bv some, but its wisdom has since
become apparent to all. The feature of the bill
which merits especial praise is the sale of the
franchise to the liighest bidder, together with
the return to the city, after five years, of two
per cent of the gross proceeds, .\nother legisla-
tive enactment in wliich he was interested was

Cy^.tflcl^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the passage of the architects' bill, which estab-
lished a state board of architects and provided
for an examination of all seeking to enter this
occupation.

In the Unitarian Church of Pomona Mr.
Broughton is a member of the board of trustees.
Two prominent organizations of Los Angeles
(the Union League and University Clubs) num-
ber him among their members. He was made
a Mason in Lompoc Lodge, F. & A. M. After
coming to Pomona he assisted in organizing
Pomona Parlor No. 174, Native Sons of the
Golden West, of which he has since officiated
as president. He is also connected with the
Woodmen of the World, the lodge and encamp-
ment of Odd Fellows, and is the first exalted
ruler of the newly organized Lodge of Benevo-
lent Protective Order of Elks at Pomona.

HON. A. J. BELL. The family represented
by Mr. Bell of Ventura was founded in the
United States by his father, Andrew, a native
of County Donegal, north of Ireland, who set-
tled in Philadelphia at fourteen years of age
and served an apprenticeship to the glass-
blower's trade. That occupation he subse-
c|uently followed in the same city. During the
Seminole war he served in Florida under Gen.
Zachary Taylor. When the discovery of gold
in California led thousands of ambitious men
to the far west, he crossed the plains with an ox-
train from Independence, Mo., and engaged in
mining on the American river for four years,
thence returning to Kansas across the plains.
He did not again see California until 1884, when
the "iron horse" brought him over the broad
stretches of country to a land that bore little
resemblance to the scenes of the thrilling exper-
iences of early days. While living in Phila-
delphia, he married Eleanor Baxter, also a
native of County Donegal, and of Scotch de-
scent. She came to America with her father,
Robert Baxter, a tanner and currier, who set-
tled in Wilmington, Del. In i860 she was killed
in Norristown, Pa., by being accidentally run
over by the cars. Of her four children that at-
tained mature years, three are living, A. J., be-
ing the only son and the only member of the
family in California.

Tlie early years of A. J. Bell's life were
passed in Pennsylvania. He was born in Phil-
adelphia March 1.=;, 1848, and grew to manhood
in Norristown. The death of his mother threw
him upon his own resources and he secured em-
ployment on a dairy farm, later worked on the
Schuylkill canal between New York and Phil-
adelphia. At the first call for volunteers, he was
ready to respond, and notwithstanding his ex-
treme youth, he was accepted. September t6,
7861, he became a member of Company C, Fifty-
first Pennsylvania Infantry, which was mustered
in at Harrrsbura:, Colonel Hartranft command-

ing. Among the battles in which he participated
were the following: Roanoke Island, N. C., in
February, 1862; Newberne, N. C, Camden, N.
C, second battle of Bull Run; Chantilly, Va.;
South Mountain, Md.; Antietam, Md.; Fred-
ericksburg, Va.; Chancellorsville, Va.; thence
transferred to the western army, and taking
part in the battles of Vicksburg and Jackson;
afterward ordered back to the army of the Po-
tomac, and dispatched from Cincinnati to Lex-
ington, Ky., and thence to Cumberland Gap.
Afterward, at Knoxville, Tenn., his command
was besieged for two months by Longstreet, and
he was in engagements at that place and Camp-
bell Station and Leonore Station. January i,
1864, he veteranized, and after a furlough of
thirty days returned to the army of the Po-
tomac, after which he was in the battles of the
Wilderness, Spottsylvania and North Anna. In
the engagement at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864,
he was captured, and after two weeks at Libby
prison was taken to Andersonville, where he
remained until November 29, and was then
paroled with ten thousand sick and wounded.
His capture was only after a desperate struggle,
indicative of the brave spirit of the man. He
had been ordered to hold a certain position at
all hazards. With a little band, he remained
there all night and until 1 130 in the afternoon
of the next day. Finally, only six men were
left in the company, and they fell into the hands
of the enemy, he being the last of the six to
succumb. Three of the number escaped from
Andersonville.

Under a general order in March, 1865, Mr.
Bell was honorably discharged from the volun-
teer service. On the 17th of the same month he
volunteered in Hancock's Veteran Reserve
Corps, Fifth United States Volunteers, Company
A, and was sent to the plains, being stationed
successively at Forts Leavenworth, Kern, Jules-
burg, Collins, Hallock, Kearney, guarding over-
land trains and keeping back the Indians.
Meantime he took part in various fights with
the red men. October 11, 1866, he was mus-
tered out at Fort Kearney, after a service of five
years and two months. Returning on a con-
struction train to Omaha, he there took a
steamboat, and from St. Joe traveled by rail to
St. Louis, and thence to Philadelphia.

After some years in farm pursuits in Mont-
gomery county, Pa., in 1872, Mr. Bell went to
St. Louis. The next year he was married at
Pleasant Hill, after which he farmed in Cass
county. Mo. In 1875 he came to California and
Ijought land in the Santa Ana valley which is
rributarv to the Ojai valley, which he improved.
From there, in 1886, he moved to Los Posas,
and continued farm pursuits until his election
as tax collector, when he moved to \'entura in
the spring of 1803 and built a residence on Har-
rison avenue. His first election as tax collector

fi66

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

was in the fall of 1892, when he received one
hundred and fifty-three majority. In 1894 he
was re-elected, for a term of four years, receiv-
ing a majority of six hundred and fifty. His
majority, in i8g8, was one thousand over the
fusion ticket and was the largest majority ever
received by any candidate for a county office.
His present term will expire in 1903. For years
he has been a Republican leader, a member of
the county committee and a frequent delegate
to state conventions. In 1900 he was elected a
delegate from the Sixth Congressional district
to the National Republican convention in Phil-
adelphia, and at that memorable meeting was
appointed a member of the committee that went
to Washington and presented President Mc-
Kinley with a gold badge.

After coming to California Mr. Bell was made
a Mason in Lodge No. 214 at Ventura. He is
past officer in the lodge and encampment of
Odd Fellows, holds membership with the
Benevolent Protective Order of Elks at Santa
Barbara, and is a member of the Society of the
Army of the Potomac. In the organization of
the Southern California Veteran's Association
he was an active factor and has since served as
its commander. A member of Cushing Post
No. 44, G. A. R., of Ventura, he is its past com-
mander, and has acted as aide to different de-
partment commanders, being now on the staff
of General Mott, and past mustering officer, de-
partment of California. When the Spanish-
American war broke out, his old zeal and en-
thusiasm was at once aroused. He wrote to
the secretary of war, tendering his services in
any capacity whatever, no matter how humble.
In reply he received a very cordial, pleasant
letter, calling attention to his past services for
the government, but stating that the quota for
the war was already more than filled, and hence
his services could not be utilized.

By the marriage of Mr. Bell to Miss Rachel
Fox, a native of Knox county. Mo., there were
born six children, namely: Lewis Albert, of
Ventura: Eliza Eleanor, an assistant in Mr.
Bell's office; Zeletta Edith, now in Colorado;
Lorenzo D.. Grover and Rubv.

F. DE WITT CRANK, M. D. (^f the
])hysicians now engaged in practice at Pomona
none has been connected with the professional
life of the city for a longer period that has Dr.
Crank, whose residence here dates from Decem-
ber of 1883. During the long period that has
since elapsed he has gained a reputation for
broad professional knowledge, an ability to
trace disease to its remote and often hidden
cause and a wise discrimination in the selection
of remedial agencies for the treatment of vary-
mg troubles to which the flesh is heir. After
coming here until 1885 he was associated in
practice with Dr. Howe, but tlic latter finally

retired from practice, and he has since been
alone, having liis office in his residence in Gary
street.

Dr. Crank is a grandson of a merchant who
served in the v/ar of 1812, and who traced his
genealogy to Germany, where the name was
originally Cronk. James D., a son of this sol-
dier-merchant, was born at Hudson, N. Y., and
became a merchant in Geneseo, that state, but
later removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and in 1876
became a pioneer of Pasadena, where he im-
proved a ranch and engaged in horticulture.
His death occurred in Pomona many years
after his wife, Eliza, had passed away in Cin-
cinnati. She was a daughter of Dr. Jaljez Dakc,
a physician of Amsterdam, N. Y., and a mem-
ber of a family whose principal representatives
have been physicians for many generations. In-
ileed, at this writing there are thirty-eight con-
nections of the Dake family who are physicians.
Among her own children two sons became
physicians, these being F. DeWitt of Pomona
and C. D., of Cincinnati. Another son, J. F.,
who \v'as a soldier in the Civil war, has since
been engaged in business in Los Angeles.

F. DeWitt Crank was born in Geneseo, N. Y..
October 19, 1859. He attended the grammar
and high schools of Cincinnati, Ohio, and after
graduating came to California, in April, 1876.
Tw& years later he returned east and matricu-
lated in the Cincinnati Medical College, from
which he was graduated in 1880 with the de-
gree of M. D. Desiring to gain added knowl-
edge in order that he might more successfully
follow his profession, he entered Hahnemann
Medical College and remained until his gradua-
tion in 1882. Next he took a course of lectures
;n the Post-Graduate College of Cincinnati, and
for eighteen months, while engaged in gradu-
ate work, he also acted as interne in the Cincin-
nati hospital. The practical experience he there
gained proved of inestimable value to him when
starting out for himself. All through his active
life he has been a reader of medical journals and
a close student of every development made in
the science; hence he keeps fully abreast with
the times. After coming to Pomona he was
chosen the first health officer of the town and
held the office until he resigned. Among the
professional organizations to which he gives
allegiance are the Southern California Homeo-
pathic Medical Society, of which he is a charter
member; the American Institute of Home-
opathy and the California Homeopathic Medical
Society.

In Pasadena occurred the marriage of Dr.
Crank to Miss Jessie Banbury, who was born in
Marshalltown, Iowa, and is a graduate of the
Pasadena high school. Her father. Col. Jabez
Ranbury, was born in Cornwall, England. March
4, 1830, and at eleven years of age accompanied
liis family to America, settling at Gambier, Ohio.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

667

In the fall of 185 1 he went to Iowa City, three
years later removed to Marshalltown, and there
engaged in the building business and in mer-
chandising. July 15, 1861, he enlisted as first
lieutenant of Company D, Fifth Iowa Infantry,
under Gen. John Pope. December 26, 1861,
he was promoted to be captain, and later was
commissioned major, commanding the regi-
ment during the battle of Corinth. April 23,
1863, he was commissioned colonel of the Fifth
Iowa Infantry, and had charge of the brigade
at Lookout Mountain. September 28, 1864, he
was honorably discharged near Atlanta. For
some years afterward he continued to reside in
Marshalltown, but December 20, 1873, he and
his wife arrived in Los Angeles, Cal. After
visiting various points in Southern California,
he decided to locate where Pasadena now stands,
and purchased an interest in the San Gabriel
Orange Grove Association, of which he was a
director for eight years. He built the first resi-
dence on the colony grounds and moved his
family into it March 10, 1874. For four years
he was city treasurer of Pasadena, also countv
treasurer of Los Angeles county, and for two
years was a member of the legislature. By his
marriage to Sarah Elmira Dunton, who was
bom in Worthington, Ohio, in 1834, he had
three children, of whom two (twins) are living,
viz: Mrs. Jessie B. Crank, of Pomona, and
Mrs. Jennie B. Ford, of Pasadena. Dr and
Mrs. Crank have two children, Yvonne and
Elma; The family are connected with the Uni-
tarian Church.

GUSTAVU'S BAGNARD. While for two
years after coming to Pasadena, in 1888, Mr.
Bagnard was employed as foreman on the Ter-
minal Railroad and for one season engaged as
foreman for the Pasadena Packing Company,
his principal work has been as foreman for the
Pasadena Improvement Company and as su-
perintendent of the Rubio Canon Land and
Water Association. The former organization
was incorporated in 1893 and has been the
means of securing valuable improvements that
have greatly increased the price of real estate
in the vicinity. As superintendent he has
charge of eight hundred acres of land in Alta-
dena, two hundred of which are in grapes,
eighty in oranges and lemons, five in apricots,
and the balance in barley. In addition, he is
personally interested in horticulture, and has
improved about fifteen acres in oranges, lem-
ons, grapes, apricots and peaches, making a
specialty of fine table grapes. When he came
to this vicinity the water company had only
two small tunnels, and now they have fourteen,
the largest of which is four hundred and
twenty-five feet in length. Wells have been
dug near the mountains, from the last of which
tliev have twentv-three miners' inches flow of

water. The reservoirs were useless at the time
of his arrival, but the two large ones now in use
provide an adequate supply of water, and are
connected with miles of piping to the moun-
tains. Besides being superintendent of the
company, he is secretary and a director in the
same.

The parents of Mr. Bagnard, Lambert and
Cilinie (Odinet) Bagnard, were born near
Sedan, France, and the latter died in Musca-
tine, Iowa. The former settled in New York
City in 1852, and there engaged in the manu-
facture of willow baby carriages. About i860
he removed to St. Louis, Mo., where he fol-
lowed die same occupation. After the war he
settled in Washington, Iowa, later going to
Lone Tree and from there to Muscatine, in
each of which localities he followed farm pur-
suits. In 1888 he came to California, since
which time he has made his home in AUadena.
Of his three sons and one daughter, the young-
est, Gustavus, is the only one in California. He
was born in New York City June 5, 1853, ^n<^
attended public schools in the various places
where his father lived, but after the age of four-
teen years he gave his attention wholly to
work, and had no education other than that
which is offered by the school of experience.
During 1882, when starting a farm for himself,
he began to be interested in small fruits, and on
his place, two miles northwest of Muscatine,
had many fine apple and cherry trees. From
there he came to California in 1888 and has
since lived in Pasadena and Altadena, where
he has been superintendent of the water com-
pany since December 13. 1890. In politics he
votes with the Republican party and in religion
is a believer in the doctrines of the Christian
Church. In coming to California he was ac-
companied by his wife, whom he had married
in Muscatine, and who was Miss Emma Belt-
zer, a native of Columbus, Ohio, of German
descent. They are the parents of four children,
namely: Lionel L., who is engineer for the
Rubio Cafion Land and Water Company;
Flossie B., Bertie P. and Roy.

S. F. DAVIS, M. D., of Pomona, is a grand-
son of George Davis, an Englishman, of re-
mote Welsh descent, and for manv years a
farmer of Connecticut, where he died. Charles
L., son of George Davis, was born in Connecti-
cut, and during earlv manhood carried on farm
pursuits there, but later settled in Batavia. N.
v., and finally, about 1856, took ud land in
Tama county, Iowa, after a brief period of resi-
dence in Kalamazoo. Mich. Agriculture formed
his life occupation and when seventy-three vears
old he died on his Tama county f-'rm. where
p1so occurred the dea'h of his wife. Polly Ann
(Thorp) Davis, nsred cightv-Miree yenrs. The
latter was descended from Welsh ancestrv and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

belonged to an old-established family of Xew
York. Born in Batavia, she received' her edu-
cation in the Ladies' Seminary there, of which
she was a graduate, and afterward she taught
school for six years, and until her marriage.
Eleven children were born to her union, all but
one of whom attained mature years and nine
are now living, S. F. being the sixth. One of
the sons, Charles, enhsted in Company C, First
Iowa Infantry, and died while serving in the
Civil war.

Dr. Davis was born in Kalamazoo county,
Mich., December 15, 1854, and received his
early education largely in the district schools of
Tania county and the Toledo (Iowa) Academy.
At the age of eighteen he began to teach, his
object being to earn the funds necessary for a
coUegi.ate education, and to his credit be it said
that his medical education was paid for by his
own carefully hoarded savings. In 1876 he en-
tered the medical department of the University
of Iowa, from which he was graduated March
4, 1S79, with the degree of M. D. He began
the practice of medicine at Gladbrook, where he
continued three years. His next location was
St. Paul, Xeb., where he built up a good prac-
tice among the people of the vicinity, remaining
there until 1S85. when he removed to Pomona,
Cal., his present home. His office is located in
the Brady block. He is connected with sev-
eral local orders, besides the Southern Califor-
nia Homeopathic Medical Society. In addi-
tion to his practice he finds time to superin-
tend the orange ranch of ten acres which he has
improved.

In Gladbrook, Iowa, Dr. Davis married Ida
M. Rice, who was born in Tama county of New
York parentage. After completing common
school studies she was sent to an Iowa academy,
from which she was graduated, and for a time
prior to her marriage she engaged in teaching
school. Dr. and Mrs. Davis have four chil-
dren, namely: Roy C, who is a graduate of
the Pomona high school, class of 1902; Pearl A.,
Helen and Irma,

THOMAS J. DE HUFF. The family repre-
sented by Mr. DeHuf¥, of Pasadena, is of
French-Huguenot lineage on the paternal side,
while his maternal ancestors were of German
origin. His parents, Henry and Mary (Eager)
DellufT, were natives respectively of Lancaster
and Berks county. Pa., and the former, who
for many years followed the occupation of a
locomotive engineer on the Pennsylvania Lines,
died in Patterson, Pa., while the latter died in
Harrisburg, Pa. Of their eight children
Thomas J. and three sisters are living: another
son, Hiram, who was a soldier in the Forty-
sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, was accidentally
killed while engaged as a locomotive engineer.
Thomas J. DeHufT was born in I'hiladelphia.

Pa., April 7, 1853, and at three years of age was
taken by his parents to Patterson, Pa., where
later he attended the public schools. When
eighteen he began an apprenticeship to the
plasterer's trade, which he completed in .\ltoona,
Pa. From 1877 to 1879 he followed his trade
at Canon City, Colo., where he also engaged in
prospecting. For one season he was employed
at Buena X'ista, after which he worked at his
trade in Colorado Springs and from there came
to California in 1882. The first twenty months
in this state were spent at his trade in Los
Angeles, from which city he came to Pasadena,
where he bought and built on Green street,
later sold there and bought other property, and
now makes his home at No. 304 Kensington
place. Since coming to Pasadena he has fol-
lowed contracting and building, and has made
a specialty of cement, brick and plastering, hav-
ing had contracts for this work on Elks' Hall,
Bentz block, L^nion Savings Bank, residences of
Mrs. Burdette. B. F. Ball, James Clarke, etc..
all of which have been executed with painstaking
care and recognized skill.

In Spokane. Wash., Mr. DeHuff married Miss
Emma Edith Rosch, who was born in Sterling.
111., and by whom he has two sons, Paul A. and
Kenneth E. In Pasadena Lodge No. 272, F.
& A. M., Mr. DeHutif was made a Mason, and
he is still active in the work of the same, besides
which he is connected with the Knights of
Pythias and the American Mechanics. Tlie
First Christian Church of Pasadena has in him
one of its most earnest supporters, and through
his services on the board of trustees and the
board of deacons he has been instrumental in
advancing the cause of the church as an agency
for the spiritual upbuilding of its conmiunity.
Politically he supports the Republican party.

W. STANTON NEWTON. The Newton
family was established on Long Island in a very
early day and manv generations continued to
reside m Suffolk county. Sanford Newton,
father of W. Stanton, was born in Smithtown.
and made his home there until 1881. when he
settled in Lena. Stephenson county. 111. The
following year he became a pioneer horticultur-
ist of P'omona. Cal.. and the sixty acres here
that he brought to a high state of cultivation
were ultimately sold at a fair profit, and there-
after he lived retired. He was called to his final
reward March 2. ic>02. aged seventy-eight years,
and was buried in .Smithtown. his old home.
He married .-\nna. daughter of Richard Gould,
a farmer of Long Island. She was born at
Smithtown and died there in 1875. leaving two
sons, E^arr\- and W. Stanton, the former of
whom remains at Smithtown.

The first fifteen years in the life of \\'. .Stan-
ton Newton weri' passed ;it Smithto\vii. where

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

671

he was born November 9, 1866. His education
was such as the local schools afforded. Having
early acquired an excellent knowledge of the
mercantile business, when he went to New York
in 1881 he readily secured employment as sales-
man in a wholesale store. In 1883 he joined his
father in Pomona, Cal., and assisted in bringing
the ranch under cultivation. Three years after
coming here he bought a livery business on Sec-
ond street and from a very small beginning built
up an established trade. After seven years in
the same location his success justified him in the
purchase of a new building, the City stables, on
Main and First streets. The entire structure is
of brick, with a fine front on Main street, and
the interior arrangements are conducive to a
satisfactory and systematic management of the
business. All kinds of vehicles are kept in the
livery, and it is the proprietor's constant aim to
conduct the business in such a manner as to win
and retain the patronage of the people of Po-
mona. He is a member of the Board of Trade,
in politics is a believer in Republican principles,
and as a citizen favors all worthy public-spirited
projects. The Fraternal Brotherhood of Los
Angeles numbers him among its members.

The marriage of Mr. Newton took place in
Pomona and united him with Nellie Fowler, who
was born in Woodland, Yolo county, Cal, her
parents having crossed the plains from Missouri
m 185 1 and settled in the county where she was
born. In religion she is of the Unitarian faith.
The two cliildren of this union are named San-
ford and Theresa.

STEPHEN M. DAVIDSON. Unusual in-
terest is attached to the lives of the California
pioneers of the 'sos, and to this class belonged
the late Stephen M. Davidson of Los Angeles.
He was mostly of Scotch and English origin,
and more directly of southern ancestry. He was
bom in Johnson county, Tenn., June 8, 1830,
the youngest among the nine children of
Thomas and Nancy (Ingraham) Davidson,
natives of Tennessee. In an early day his father
removed, with the family, in a "prairie
schooner,"' to Johnson county and later cleared
and improved a large farm on the Missouri
river, where he engaged in raising grain and
h.emp. The mother was kidnapped when only
three years of age and though her parents spent
their fortune in trying to find her they did not
succeed until after she was married and had
three children. As a girl her lot in life had
been an unhappy one and her experiences un-
pleasant. Her maturer years were filled with
the cares of a large family, whom she en-
deavored to train for positions of usefulness in
the world.

Reared in Missouri and receiving only such
advantages as the pay schools, infrequently held,
afforded him, Stephen M. Davidson owed his

subsequent success to no peculiar opportunities
which his early days ofifered. After the death
of his father he continued on the farm with his
mother, but in 18.S2 started out in the world for
himself. During that year he, Mr. Mitchell and
family started across the plains, with ox-teams
and cattle. After he had gone one hundred and
fifty miles west of Kansas City he met a party
crossing the plains to the coast, and among them
were Rev. Joab Powell and his daughter, Mary.
Meeting under these unusual circumstances and
attracted to each other by qualities of honor,
nobility and uprightness, Mr. Davidson and
Miss Powell soon became engaged, and on the
5th of December, of the same year, they were
united in marriage near Scio, Ore.

Taking up and improving a tract of land, Mr.
Davidson engaged in the cattle business and
farming. As prosperity came to him he in-
creased his holdings, until his ranch was a very
large one. In addition to its management, for
four years he owned and operated a sawmill and
manufactured lumber. Ill health, resulting from
overwork and exposure, obliged him to seek a
change of climate, and in 1868 he settled in San
Luis Obispo county, Cal, and bought four hun-
dred and forty acres five miles from Cambria,
where he raised stock and general farm produce.
Out of this land he evolved one of the finest
farms along the coast, and for many years he
found pleasure and profit in the supervision of
the property. On selling out in 1882, he came
to Los Angeles county and became a large pur-
chaser of land, including a farm of eighty acres
near the city limits of Los Angeles, another
farm of eighty acres three-quarters of a mile
from the limits, and one-half interest in a third
farm of one hundred acres in the same vicmuy.

Especial credit belongs to Mr. Davidson for
his connection with the dairy business. In 1876
he brought from Missouri the finest herd of
Jersey cattle that had as yet been introduced
into San Luis Obispo county, and thus he
founded a dairy unexcelled in all that county.
His cattle he brought with him to Los Angeles
county, and in this way proved a benefactor to
the dairy industry here. Besides dairying, he
raised fruits and farm produce. In 1891 he
bought a residence on Eleventh and Figueroa
streets, and there his death occurred, April 14,
1897. When only nine years of age he was
converted and after about sixteen he was an
active member of the Baptist Church. He was
a charter member of Central Baptist Church of
Los Angeles and prominent in its upbuilding,
serving for years as a deacon. At the time of
his demise he was church treasurer, and his last
day of life was partly devoted to the raising of
funds for the church work. Denominational
educational institutions received his stanch sup-
port, particularly the Baptist College near West

672

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Lake, which he assisted in founding and build-
ing up.

Near Independence, Mo., Mrs. Davidson was
born, a daughter of Rev. Joab and Annie
(Beeler) Powell, natives of Tennessee. Her
grandfather, Joe Powell, was a descendant of
English ancestors who settled in \'irginia, and
was himself a planter of Tennessee and a
pioneer of Jackson county, Mo. Farming was
the occupation which Joab Powell followed for
a livelihood, but much of his time was devoted
to preaching the Gospel and the good that he
accomplished can never be estimated. Cheer-
fully he gave his services to the cause of the
Baptist Church, asking for no money, but con-
tent if he saw souls brought closer to the Lord
through his patient efforts. Many owed to him
their first start in a Christian life. In 1852 he
started with his family across the plains and
after a journey of six months, to a day, arrived
at his destination, immediately beginning to
carry on a stock and grain farm and also to do
missionary work for the Baptist Church. Many
congregations were organized in Oregon
through his efforts, and many churches, now in
excellent condition, owe much to his pioneer
ministrations. When seventy-two years of age
he entered into his reward. His wife, who was
a daughter of Adam Beeler, of German descent,
died in Oregon at seventy-two years of age.
They were the parents of fourteen children, all
but two of whom attained maturity and six are
now living. One of these was Mrs. Davidson,
who was a young girl when she made the event-
ful and fatiguing trip across the plains. Born
of her marriage were the following-named chil-
dren: Jennie N., Mrs. Clark, who resides near
Fullerton. Cal; Theodosia, Mrs. Lillard, living
at Norwalk; Ellen, Sarah, Julia and Lydia, who
are at home with their mother; Peter, who died
July 20, 1893, and Stephen, who died August 16,
1892, both of whom were promising young men;
and Rosa, Mrs. Shumate, who died in Los
Angeles December 30, 1893. Since the death
of Mr. Davidson, his wife has maintained a
supervision of the property interests and has
maintained a warm interest in the Baptist
Church, to the promotion of whose success he
gave so freely of time, influence and means.
The family are connected with this same congre-
gation and take an active part in many of its
benevolences and societies.

SAMUEL HAZARD HALSTED. The
president of the Pasadena Ice Company, shortly
after his arrival in Pasadena, organized the com-
pany of which he is now the head, the same be-
mg incorporated in January, 1901. Under his
supervision was erected a building 100x200,
with a daily capacity of forty tons of ice and a
cold storage capacity of fifteen car loads. The
plant is located on South Broadway, from which

point a switch furnishes means of transportation
to the Santa Fe Railroad, thus ensuring ease
cl shipment.

In an early day the Halsted family came from
England and settled at Hempstead, N. Y.
Among their relatives were the Spencers and
Ogdens, who, like their own family, took the
part of the colonies in the Revolutionary strug-
gle. George W. Halsted, who was born at
Elizabeth, N. J., became a merchant at Hunts-
ville, Ala., whence, returning to the north, he
removed to Philadelphia, Pa. His son, Walter
Kerr Halsted, was born in Alabama and reared
in Philadelphia, where he engaged in the dry-
goods business, later following the same occupa-
tion in Cincinnati, Ohio. His home is still in
Cincinnati, and he is juni'or warden of the
Episcopal Church in the suburb of Glendale.
Politically he afifiliates with the Republicans.

The wife of Walter Kerr Halsted was Eliza-
beth Hazard, who was born in Philadelphia and
died in Covington, Ky. Her father, Samuel
Hazard, was a man of literary abilit}', and, by
appointment from the governor, assisted in com-
piling the archives of Pennsylvania. He also
compiled the "Annals of Pennsylvania." Dur-
ing the Civil war his son and namesake was a
captain of a Pennsylvania company. The father
of Samuel, Sr., was Ebenezer Hazard, president
of the Insurance Company of North America,
and postmaster-general of the United States
under the continental congress and also under
President Washington. He in turn was a son of
Samuel Hazard, one of the organizers of the
First Presbyterian Church on Wall street, New
York, and a leading business man of the city.

Of a family of three children Samuel Hazard
Halsted alone survives. He was born in Cov-
ington, Ky., October 16, 1857, and until thirteen
was reared principally in Philadelphia and Ger-
mantown. Pa., removing from there to Cin-
cinnati and attending the Avondale school. At
the age of si.xteen years he entered the employ
of a dry-goods commission house of Cincin-
nati, for whom he later traveled. With his
father he built up the knitting mills of S. H.
Halsted & Co., of Cincinnati, manufacturers of
knit goods. A later venture was as a manufac-
turers' agent, first in Cincinnati, and from 1896
to 1900 in New York. Meantime he had mar-
ried Miss Louise Taylor, daughter of S. Leslie
Taylor, an old and prominent merchant of Cin-
cinnati. The failure of his wife's health caused
him to come to California in 1900, since which
time Pasadena has been his home. He is a
member of the board of trustees of Throop
Polytechnic Institute and also auditor of the
same. In the work of All Saint's Episcopal
Church he is interested, and aids the same
through his services as church treasurer. The
Pasadena Board of Trade numbers him among
its members. In politics he is a stanch sup-
porter of Republican principles. Since coming

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

673

lo Pasadena he has entered the ranks of the
Masonic order, bemg a member of Lodge No.
272, F. & A. M., and he holds membership in
the New York Chapter, Sons of the Revohition.

C. D. MANNING. Since the spring of 1899
Mr. Manning has filled the position of road fore-
man of the Sierra Madre road district, extending
from the city limits of Pasadena to the vicinity
of Monrovia and covering almost one hundred
and fifty miles of road. So constant and judi-
cious have been his efiforts to improve the condi-
tion of the roads in his charge that it is fre-
quently remarked that his roads, in the suburbs
of Pasadena, are in even better condition than
those of the city, excepting of course the paved
streets. About twenty-five miles are in oil, the
use of which he was among the very first to
adopt.

Near Toronto, Canada, Mr. Manning was
born October 24, 1847, a son of C. L. R. and
Jane (Baker) Manning, natives respectively of
Ontario and New York. His paternal grand-
father was born in the north of Ireland, of
Scotch descent, and settled in Ontario. The
father, who was a saddler and harnessmaker,
took his family to Rockton, 111., in the early
part of 1848, and there followed his trade until
he died. His wife, who also died in Illinois,
was a daughter of Rufus Baker, who was born
in Vermont, of English descent; and served in
the war of 1812. In young manhood he re-
moved to New York state, and from there went
to Ontario, Canada, finally locating on a farm
near Rockton, III., where he died. Fraternally
he was connected with the Masons.

In the family of three sons and one daugh-
ter, C. D. Manning was the only one to come to
California. When an infant he was taken to
Rockton, 111., where he attended the public
schools. Before his schooling had been com-
pleted he enlisted, in January, 1863, in Com-
pany I, Ninth Illinois Cavalry, and was mustered
in at Belvidere, 111., afterward joining the regi-
ment in Memphis, Tenn. Among the numer-
ous engagements in which he took part were
those of Pontatock, Tupelo, Hurricane Creek,
Franklin and Nashville, Tenn. In July, 1865,
he was mustered out at Cairo, III, after a service
of two years and six months. Afterward he
attended the Soldier's College at Fulton for a
year, and then for two years assisted his father
in the harness business. On leaving home he
went to Clinton, Mo., and for almost two years
carried on a farm, but returned to Rockton to
assist his father once more. In 1882 he and a
brother, under the firm name of Manning Broth-
ers, opened a harness shop in Rock" Rapids,
Lyon county, Iowa, and they continued together
until he was elected county treasurer, on the
Republican ticket, in 1889, at which time he dis-

posed of his interest in the business. Taking
the oath of oftice in January, 1890, he served
two terms, retiring in January, 1894.

On settling up his official and business mat-
ters in Iowa Mr. JManning came to Pasadena,
Cal. In 1892 he had purchased ten acres in
deciduous fruits at Lamanda Park, and as soon
as he settled on the place he began to make im-
provements. The property is situated at the
end of East Villa street,, on the corner of Santa
Anita avenue. Since coming here he has
bought an additional tract of nine acres, and now
has nineteen acres in orchards of various fruits.
In addition he owns three hundred and twenty
acres, with water right, at Imperial, which is
superintended by his son, Charles C. While liv-
ing in Clinton, Mo., he married Miss Alary E.
Kinne, who was born at Bloomingdale, 111.
They have three children living, namely: Mrs.
Olive J. Aldrich, of La Habra valley, Cal.;
Charles C, of Imperial; and Lerov, at home.

The Pasadena Farmers' Club has Mr. Man-
ning among its members. He has always been
a stanch Republican, voting and working for
the party's success. In religious connections
he is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal
Qiurch of Pasadena. The days of his army
service are kept in memory through his identi-
fication with Godfrey Post, G. A. R., and he
was also active in the post at Rock Rapids, of
which at one time he was commander. In mat-
ters fraternal he is associated with the Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of
Pythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen,
and is especially prominent in Masonry, into
which he was initiated at Rock Rapids, Iowa.
While living there he was a past master of the
blue lodge, but is now connected with Pasa-
dena Lodge No. 272, F. & A. M., though still
retaining his membership in the chapter and
commandery at Rock Rapids (in which latter he
was eminent commander) and in El Raid Tem-
ple, N. M. S., Sioux Falls, S. D. Among the
people of Lamanda Park he has many friends
who respect him for his business ability, excel-
lent official service and integrity as a man.

MITCHELL H. SALISBURY. The super-
intendent of the North Pasadena Land and
Water Company is a descendant of a New Eng-
land family and a son of Hiel and Charlotte
(Mitchell) Salisbury, natives of New York, and
pioneers of Whiteside county. III. Upon the
home farm in that county he was born May 11,
1859, being the youngest of four children,' one
of whom, H. H., is engaged in the plumbing
business at Boyle Heights, Los Angeles. After
the death of her husband the mother came to
the Pacific coast and has since made Los
Angeles her home. The boyhood years of
Mitchell H. Salisbury were passed principally in
Lyons, Clinton county, Iowa, where he received

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFX'ORD.

a public-school education. One of his first posi-
tions was that of stationary engineer in Grundy
countv, Iowa, after which, as a member of the
firm of Sahsbury Brothers, he was for seven
years engaged in business as a machinist and
pipe fitter at Atlantic, same state. Also, for
eighteen months he served in the capacity of
city marshal. On leaving Atlantic he became a
traveling salesman for the Bostedo Package and
Cash Carrier Company of Chicago, whose sys-
tem he installed in diiiferent states. It was in
their behalf that he first came to the coast,
spending a few weeks in Los Angeles in 1891.
While business duties obliged him soon to re-
turn east, he did so with the conviction that one
day he would return here as a resident. In
1892 he was burned out in Omaha, and instead
of rebuilding he removed to California, settling
in Pasadena.

Three months after his arrival Mr. Salisbury
was appointed superintendent of the North
Pasadena Water Company, and has since filled
the position. During this time the capacity of
the works have been trebled by the addition of
two large pumping plants. Several miles of
mains have been built and the system greatly ex-
tended. As he thoroughly understands ma-
chinery and engineering, he has proved a valu-
able man to the company, and to him is largely
due the credit for its successful continuance in
business. In politics he is a Republican, and
fraternally is connected with the Modern Wood-
men of America. While living in Atlantic, Iowa,
he married Miss Eudora Pressnall, who was born
in Indiana. Four children were born of their
union, namely: Ralph, who is a stationary en-
gineer; Clarence; Alice, who died at eight years
of age; and Gladys.

HON. WILLIAM H. COFFIN. A resume
of the life of William H. Cofifin recalls to our
minds the days of "bleeding" Kansas, when
free-state and pro-slavery adherents bitterly
contested for the supremacy of power and when
every man carried his life in his hands. In all
the work necessary for the securing of Kansas
as a non-slavery state, Mr. Coffin was foremost,
and perhaps none of his acts was more im-
portant than those in connection with the un-
derground railroad, over which he helped many
a fleeing slave to freedom. Since 1887 he has
made his home in Pasadena, where he erected
and occupies a comfortable residence on the
corner of North Raymond avenue and Roberts
street.

As early as 1640 Tristram Coffin came from
England and bought Nantucket Island from
the Indians. Later in life he joined the Society
of Friends. His descendants remained on the
island and engaged in the whaling business.
However, after some time the island became
over-populated, and at this juncture Bethuel

Cofiin headed a colony of Friends that settled
in Guilford county, N. C. There he improved
a farm, on which years later the battle of Guil-
ford Courthouse was fought and the Friends'
meeting house used as a hospital to succor the
wounded soldiers. In 1825 he removed to Mil-
ton, Ind., where he died. His son, Elijah, was
born in Guilford county, N. C, and removed
about 1824 to Milton, Ind. which city he helped
to lay out, and later engaged in business there
as a merchant, also was the first postmaster of
the town, holding the office under General
Jackson. A man of great liberality and public
spirit, his influence was constantly given to pro-
mote enterprises for the benefit of his home
town. In 1833 he settled in Cincinnati, Ohio,
where he engaged in a wholesale business for
two years. Leaving that city he accepted a
position as the first cashier of the State Bank
of Indiana, having charge of its branch at Rich-
mond. The bank's charter expired in twenty-
five years, and after a long service covering that
period he wound up the company's afifairs and
retired to an honorable leisure. For thirty-two
years he was clerk and presiding officer of the
Indiana yearly meeting of Friends. In politics
he was a Whig and on the disintegration of that
party became a Republican. Regarding the
slavery question he was a stanch abolitionist.
He had a cousin, Levi Coffin, who was president
of the underground railroad.

The wife of Elijah Coffin was Naomi Hiatt,
who was born in North Carolina, of Holland-
Dutch ancestry who removed from Virginia to
North Carolina. Her father, Benajah Hiatt, a
native of that state, was a pioneer of Milton,
Ind., and engaged in farming there, also served
as a minister in the Society of Friends. Mrs.
Coffin was a woman of deep spiritual convic-
tions and accomplished much good through her
self-sacrificing labors as a minister in the
Friends' Church. Her death occurred in Rich-
mond, Ind., when she was sixty-eight, and her
husband died in the same town when sixty-four.
They were the parents of two sons and five
daughters, all living, of whom William H. was
third in order of birth and is the only son in
California. He was born at Milton, Ind., Sep-
tember 25, 1825, and was eight years of age
when the family settled in Cincinnati, and ten
when thev returned to Indiana to settle in Rich-
mond. Though he had only the most meager
educational advantages, he has always been in-
terested in the securing of good schools and
was a generous contributor to Earlham College
at Richmond, Ind. When fifteen years of age he
entered the bank to assist his father, but the
work was uncongenial and he chose farming in-
stead. As early as 1840 he began to be inter-
ested in the slavery question, and nothing
pleased him more than to aid some slave on the
road to freedom. In one night he helped to get

MuJU^o^-^J^^^^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

677

twenty-seven negroes through the Hnes, and it
gave him pleasure afterward to learn that all of
these safel}' reached Canada. In 1845 l^e mar-
ried Miss Sarah W. Wilson, who was born at
Milton, Ind., her father, John Wilson, having
gone there from South Carolina. Their golden
wedding in 1895 was an occasion of great re-
joicing and was appropriately celebrated at their
Pasadena home. After a happy married life of
almost fifty-seven years, Mrs. Coffin passed
awaj' November 21, 1901, aged seventy-seven
years. They were the parents of nine children,
five of whom attained maturity, namely: John
W., a builder living in Pasadena; William
Henry, a farmer near Richmond, Ind.; Albert,
a farmer and stockman at Salem, III; Robert,
of Pasadena; and Frank, a hardware merchant
of Richmond, Ind.

For some years after his marriage Mr. Coffin
engaged in farming near Richmond, Ind., but
the fall of 1854 found him among the pioneers of
Kansas, his primary object in going there being
to aid the free-state movement. Settling in
Leavenworth county, he engaged in farming
there for eleven years. In 1858 he was elected
a member of the Leavenworth constitutional
convention, which met and drafted a state con-
stitution, opposing the principles of the Le-
compton convention and perfectly legal in all
technicalities. It has been one of the pleasures
of Mr. Coffin's later years to put in written form
his recollections of Kansas during those stirring
days that preceded the war, and the memoirs
possess intrinsic value by reason of his connec-
tion with many important events. These mem-
oirs have been published by the Kansas State
Historical Society under the authority of the
State legislature.

When the war came to an end Mr. Coffin re-
turned to Indiana and settled on a large farm
near Richmond, on Greene's Fork, where he
engaged in stock-raising and general farming.
Meantime he acted as a commissioner of the
state reform school located at Plainfield. In
1 88 1 he returned to Kansas and settled in Law-
rence, where he built a beautiful residence at
Haskell's institute overlooking the city. In the
founding of this institute he was a leading fac-
tor, and took great interest in superintending
the famis and instructing the Indians in the
principles of agriculture. At the resignation of
Dr. Marvin he also resigned his position, which
he had filled with such credit. His first visit to
California, made in 1886, left such delightful
impressions of the Pacific coast that in 1887 he
returned to make his home here. For a time he
devoted considerable attention to the improve-
ment of ten acres, planted in oranges and decid-
uous fruits, but this property he sold, and is now
retired from business cares. Politically he has
always been a pronounced Republican. He is
interested in the Anti- Saloon League of South-

ern California and in other movements for the
development of the highest citizenship. Like
his ancestors, he is devoted to the work of the
Society of Friends. For more than forty years
he acted as superintendent of a Sunday-school
or as an assistant in other departments of the
work, and he is still actively aiding to the extent
of his abihty. During his residence in Kansas
he was a member of the committee having
charge of the Friends' mission on the Shawnee
Indian reserve. While living in Indiana he was
a member of the missionary,' board of the Indi-
ana yearly meeting. After the war the govern-
ment barracks in Arkansas and other states
were turned over to the Friends for the pur-
pose of using as schools for colored children,
and Mr. Coffin went to Arkansas to assist in the
starting of the work and to aid in every way
possible as a member of the managing com-
mittee. Indeed, in all of the movements for
good devised and carried out by the Friends
he has been in deep and earnest sympathy, and
the society has had no member more efficient
and resourceful than is he; and while necessarily
his activities have been lessened by the advance
of years, he still keeps in touch with all enter-
prises for the welfare of his fellowmen.

O. E. GOODALE. On the establishment of
the Pacific Branch, National Home for Disabled
Volunteer Soldiers, Mr. Goodale was selected
for the important position of chief engineer and
his senace has been so efficient and satisfactory
that he has been retained to the present time.
The post is no sinecure, for it includes a careful
oversight of all mechanical work connected with
the plant as well as the management of such
buildings as have been or may be erected on
the grounds. His responsibilities have grown
with each year, as he has witnessed the growth
of membership from less than a hundred to
more than two thousand.

Descended from an old family of New Eng-
land. Mr. Goodale was born in Lewis county,
N. Y., December 21, 1849, the oldest of four
children and the only son in the family. His
father, Nicholas, who was a son of David
Goodale. a farmer of Lewis county, himself took
np agricultural pursuits, following the same both
in New York and in Iowa. During the Civil
war he served with Company I, Third Battalion,
Fifth Regiment New York Heavy Artillery, and
remained at the front until he was honorably
discharged for physical disability. About 1871
he settled in Parkersburg, Iowa, and there died
in 1892. He married Delia 'M. Hough, who
was born in Lewis county, N. Y,, and died in
Iowa. Her father, John Hough, was a native
of Connecticut and died in New York. During
the war of 1812 he served in the American
army.

678

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

From boyhood Mr. Goodale has been familiar
with carpentering;, and he also studied architec-
ture in New York, after which he engaged in
the building business at Booneville, Oneida
county. In 1885 he crossed the continent to
Los Angeles, where he became an architect.
When the Soldiers' Home was started he was
appointed supermtendent of construction and a
year later was made general superintendent,
continuing as such until he was transferred to
the position of chief engineer. Men who are
familiar with engineering claim that it would be
difficult to find an engineer who is Mr. Good-
ale's equal in thorough knowledge of the work
and painstaking oversight of every detail. While
living in New York he married Miss Mary A.
Hoyt, who was born in Lewis county, that state,
and by whom he has a daughter, Florence
Adelle. The family are identified with the
Christian Church in Los Angeles, where they
placed their membership shortly after coming to
California. Though not a partisan nor active in
politics. Mr. Goodale is known as a stanch Re-
publican, whose ballot is always given to the
men and movements of the Republican party.

HON. THEO. PARKER LUKENS. Since
he came to Pasadena in 1880 the record of the
life of Mr. Lukens has been intimately associ-
ated with the history and development of the
city. A descendant of remote German ancestry
and a Pennsylvania family, devoted adherents
to the Society of Friends, he is a son of W. E.
and a grandson of Moses Lukens, the latter a
farmer of the Keystone state. From his native
county of Chester, Pa.. W. E. Lukens moved to
Ohio and settled at New Concord, Muskingum
county, but later moved to Putnam and thence
to Zanesville. At these various points he was
principally engaged in the manufacture of lum-
ber. In 1856 he went to Sterling, Whiteside
county. 111., and started a flouring mill on the
Rock river, where he continued for many years.
Aleantime he also became interested in horti-
culture and the nursery business both at Ster-
ling and Rock Falls, and acquired valuable pos-
sessions, representing his judicious and exten-
sive investments. His death occurred at sev-
enty-four years of age. In early manhood he
married iVIargaret Cooper, daughter of Nicho-
las, both born near Hagerstown, Md., and de-
scendants of Quaker English ancestors.

Four sons and two daughters comprised the
family of W. E. Lukens, namely: Sereno, a ma-
chinist in South Bend, Ind. ; Emeline and Me-
lissa, of Whiteside county. 111.; W. C, a veteran
of the Civil war, and now engaged in horticul-
tural pursuits at Redlands, Cal. ; Theo. Parker,
of Pasadena; and W. L., a molder living in Chi-
cago. At New Concord, Muskingum county,
Ohio, T. P. Lukens was born October 6, 1848.

From eight years of age he was reared in Illi-
nois. His education was completed in Ster-
ling high school. While still a mere child he
acquired a thorough knowledge of the nursery
business, and it is probable that he has grafted
as much nursery stock as any nurseryman in
the world. At one time his father had fifty
acres in nursery stock, his specialty being ap-
ples and ornamental trees, and Lukens' Nurs-
eries were known all over the country, ship-
ments being made to every part of the' United
States. On the retirement of his father, T. P.
Lukens became manager of the business, which
he conducted for some years, but sold out in
1880 on locating in Pasadena.

When nineteen years of age, Mr. Lukens en-
listed in a United States regiment and was sent
to Carlisle, Pa., where he was stationed nine
months and then honorably discharged. His
father vi'as a strong abohtionist and had at his
Ohio home one of the leading stations of the
underground railroad. Reared under these in-
fluences, he naturally espoused the Republican
cause, nor has a careful study of national prob-
lems during later life given him reason to
change his views. While living at Rock Falls.
Ill, he served as tax collector for three years
and was mayor one term. In that town he was
united in marriage with Charlotte Dyer, whose
grandfather was a soldier in the war of 1812,
while her great-grandfather was a Revolution-
ary hero. Her father, David, engaged in farm-
ing at Manchester, Vt., where she was born, but
later he moved to Illinois, where his last years
were spent. By her marriage to Mr. Lukens
there is a daughter, Mrs. Helen Jones, of Pasa-
dena, whose children, Charlotte and Ralph, are
the pride of their grandparents.

On coming to Pasadena in 1880, Mr. Lukens
started a small nursery of oranges and peaches.
Soon, however, he drifted into other business,
and after 1882 engaged in laying pipes for the
mains between Pasadena and San Bernardino,
as well as in all the settlements along the moun-
tains. Next he drifted into the real-estate busi-
ness in 1884, and his was the first shingle ever
displayed on the streets of Pasadena. At first he
had his office in a store on the corner of Colo-
rado and Fair Oaks avenue, and while carrying
on the business laid out Raymond's addition,
Kensington Place and the addition to Olive-
wood. His health failing, he took his brother-
in-law, H. Dyer, into partnership, organizing
the Lukens Land Company, but he still found
the burden of business cares too heavy, so in
1887 relinquished his work entirely and traveled
for two vears. On his return he was earnestly
urged lo take charge of the Pasadena National
Bank, which had been in unfortunate financial
condition, its stock being worth only thirty-five
cents. Somewhat reluctantly he accepted the
management. So successful was he in the work

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

that he placed the bank on a paying basis and
brought its stock up to par. However, the ac-
complishment of this herculean task had been
too much for his health, which again gave way,
and he resigned the management of the bank.

In the organization of the Board of Trade
Mr. Lukens bore an active part and at one time
served as its vice-president. In addition to his
charming home at No. 195 North Marengo ave-
nue, he has built some forty houses in Pasa-
dena, but most of these have been sold. Largely
through his efforts, the Colorado Street Rail-
way Company was organized and he put in the
first $10,000 of its $25,000 of stock. The first
cement sidewalk in Pasadena was built in front
of his residence. In 1891 he was elected to the
council, and during the same year became presi-
dent of the board of trustees. Under his admin-
istration as mayor, from 1891 to 1895, the sewer
system was completed, the first paving done, the
first piping and cement reservoirs built. It was
the desire of the people to have a business ad-
ministration, and in this respect Mr. Lukens
more than met their anticipations; his four years
of service as mayor proving most helpful to the
business interests of the city. Fraternally he is
a charter member of the Ancient Order of
United Workmen in Pasadena, in which he has
passed all the chairs. In Pasadena Lodge, F. &
A. M., he was made a Mason, and while in Illi-
nois was actively connected with the Odd Fel-
lows.

Becoming interested in the idea of reforesting
the mountains, in 1897 Mr. Lukens took up ac-
tive work along that line, and in 1900 he was
appointed agent for this work by Secretary of
.Agriculture Wilson. Under his supervision men
are now engaged in planting pine seeds on the
mountains, and much of his time is spent there.
For six years he was president of the Mutual
Building and Loan Association of Pasadena, and
is still a stockholder in the same. Near Bald-
win's ranch he has improved an orange orchard
of forty acres, in which he also has a number
of walnuts. Some of the vineyards and orange
groves that he set out in Pasadena years ago
are now among the most thrifty in the entire
city. One of the measures in which he was most
interested and the success of which reflects
credit upon his persistence was the library move-
ment, to which he was an early contributor and
an earnest friend. For years he was a member
of the library board of trustees. For eight
years he was connected with the board of trus-
tees of the California State Normal, which was
established at San Diego, but removed to Los
Angeles on account of the advantages offered
by the latter city. Mis first appointment came
from Governor Markham and his second from
Governor Budd; twice he resigned, but it was
accepted neither time, the general feeling being
that his services were of too valuable a character

to be dispensed with prior to the expiration of
his term.

JOHN Al. HUNTER. The prolific soil of
the Montecito valley proved a boon to many of
the settlers who sought here a home in the earl}-
days, and among those who came, about 1872,
and introduced modern methods of tilling the
ground and developing the latent richness
thereof, none is entitled to more credit than John
M. Hunter, one of the successful ranchers of the
valley.

For many )ears the Hunter family has been
identified witli Kentucky, where settled the first
of their number who immigrated to America.
John M. Hunter was born near Georgetown in
1824, and reared on the farm of his parents, Wil-
liam and Frances (Hurnden) Hunter. He re-
ceived his education in the district schools, and
when sixteen years of age was no longer depen-
dent upon the family resources, but started out
to earn the wherewithal for his own existence.
His first stopping place was New Orleans, La.,
where he lived until 1850. While there he en-
listed as a soldier for the Mexican war in 1846,
in Colonel Marks' Third Louisiana Regiment.
He participated in the battles of Buena Vista
and Monterey, but afterward, being on the sick
list, was discharged and sent back to New Or-
leans.

In 1850 Mr. Hunter came to California via the
Isthmus, and up the coast to San Francisco,
from where he went to the mines in Sonora and
for eleven years engaged, with fluctuating suc-
cess, in mining. Later he remained for ten
years on Truckee river, four miles above Reno,
Nev., where the services which he rendered in
the neighborhood and the esteem in which he
was held resulted in the naming of a station
after him on the Central Pacific railroad. In
1872 Mr. Hunter removed to the locality of
which he is now a resident, and bought' the
ranch which has developed under his industry
into a fine and paying property. At first cov-
ered with oak trees and shrubs, he has cleared
fifty acres of the home place, and is engaged in
raising hay and apples, and besides has one of
the finest lemon orchards in the valley in which
are set out three hundred trees; he now has
nineteen acres in orchard. He is one of the
charter members of the Santa Barbara Lemon
Growers' Exchange, and is otherwise interested
in the enterprises which have aided in promot-
ing the growth of the valley. In addition to
the management of his ranch he has dealt some-
what in real estate, and has exerted his influence
In the building up of the school system and the
erection of schoolhouses. As a stanch Repub-
lican he has taken an active part in local politics,
and served for four years as supervisor of the
county. Fraternally ho is associated with the
Masonic order at Santa Barbara.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

In 1886 Mr. Hunter married Miss Ella F.
Stockton, from Philadelphia, but a native of Cal-
ifornia. Of this union there is one son, John
Stockton Hunter.

JAMES M. HORTON. The association of
Mr. Horton with California began during the
early pioneer days, and he has been identified
with Buckhorn, Ventura county, for a long pe-
riod, having come here from Nevada in July,
1866. A native of Delaware county, N. Y., born
on the last day of the year 1833, he accompa-
nied his parents to Michigan in 1840 and settled
near Lansing, where the years of youth were
passed. Like many other young men during
the '50S, he sought his fortune across the plains
in the far west. With an immigrant train, in
1852, be started on the long overland journey
for the Pacific coast, enduring all the hardships
of such a journey, whose difficulties and dan-
gers we of the present day of railroads can form
no conception.

Arriving in Eldorado county, ^Ir. Horton lo-
cated several placer mines, and remained there
for four years working his claims. At the out-
break of the Civil war, in 1861, he went to Ne-
vada and for several years worked in the mines
at Esmeralda. Next he removed to Santa Bar-
bara (now N'entura) county and settled on the
Camulos ranch, noted in the field of romance as
the home of the heroine of Helen Hunt Jack-
son's famous work, "Ramona." In 1868 he
bought his present farm at Buckhorn, which is
the northwest quarter of section 30, a part of
the old Dominguez ranch. At this writing he
owns one hundred acres, twenty-five acres of
which are in apricots, two acres in olives, and
thirty acres in almonds, the latter being his prin-
cipal' crop. Besides these fruits he has a general
orchard. The development of his ranch is the
result of constant industry through many years
and speaks volumes for his determined perse-
verance.

May 7, 1881, Mr. Horton married Miss Min-
nie Stowell, who was born in England and died
in California September 13, 1893. Later he was
united with Miss Ella Obcar. On the ranch
where he settled in 1868 his six children were
born, all being of his first union, and named as
follows: Olive. Alfred, Etta, Harry, Mabel and
George.

As a stockholder Mr. Horton is associated
with the Ventura County Mutual Fire Insur-
ance Company. The nominees of the Repub-
lican party not only receive his vote, but his
hearty support in every way. The local con-
ventions of his party have the benefit of his pres-
cnce and wise suggestions, while each election
day finds him doing active work at the polls.
Not only is he active in politics, but also in all
plans for bettering the community and uplifting
humanity.

FRANK R. HENNION. Preceded by an
extended business experience in different parts
of the ttate and country, Mr. Hennion came to
\'entura in 1897, as agent for the Union Oil
Company of California. This responsible posi-
tion he has since creditably maintained, his du-
ties extending to a general supervision of the
company's interests at this end of the line, a by
no means unimportant task, as all of the oil
of the concern is shipped from ^'entura. Aside
from his business obligations, he is variously in-
terested in the affairs of the town, his influence
as a moral and progressive force being un-
questioned and unceasingly exerted on the side
of law and order and general improvement. In
ihe suppression of the saloon he has been par-
ticularly active, and, as a member of the execu-
tive committee and also secretary of the Anti-
Saloon League, he has, from the time of its
organization, endeavored to enforce municipal
purity, and do away with political intrigue and
its attendant retrogression.

From practically his fourteenth year Mr.
ITennion has been the architect of his own for-
tunes, and his toil has supplied the wherewithal
for sustenance, education and general im-
provement. The only child in his father's family,
he was born October 22, 1866, at Macomb, ■\Ic-
Donough county, 111., son of Martin and Mattie
(Reese) Hennion. The father was bom in
Newark, N. J., and eventually went to Colorado
where he followed with varying success and
failure the fortunes of a miner. With the break-
ing out of the Civil war he enlisted in the Sec-
ond Colorado Cavalry, and was raised from the
rank of lieutenant to that of captain, in which
capacity he served until the close of the war.
With the return of peace he settled in Alacomb,
McDonough county. 111., and became a com-
mercial traveler, but later located in Kansas
City, Mo., where he engaged in the mercantile
business. In 1886 he removed to San Diego,
Cal., which has continued to be his residence up
to the present time. His wife was born in Han-
over, Ind., and was a granddaughter of Rev.
Benjamin Reese, a prominent clergyman in the
Presbyterian Church.

Upon starting out to earn his own living Mr.
Hennion entered the employ of Meyer Brothers,
drug merchants, with whom he remained for
three years. Afterward he learned the wood
working and furniture manufacturing business,
in which he engaged until 1886, or until his re-
moval to San Diego, Cal. He was here em-
ployed by the Russ Lumber Company as yard
salesman until 1892, when he went to Los
Angeles, Cal., and was with several different
lumber companies in a similar capacity, up to
the time of settling in \'entura in 1897.

In Los Angeles Mr, Hennion married Nellie
Junod, daughter of Alfred and Eugenie Junod,
and a native of Highland, 111. Of this union

^iy/yu>'^'Z/-t3^/^ c/^^-t^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

683

there are two children, Harry Martin and Ruth
Genevieve. Mr. Hennion is a Democrat in
pontics, and a member of the Presbyterian
Church, in which he is a ruHng- elder. He is a
member of the Board of Trade, and is fraternally
associated with the United Moderns and the
Ad^odern Woodmen.

THORVALD INGVALDSEN. The posi-
tion which Mr. Ingvaldsen fills, that of superin-
tendent of the Highland Place ranch at Pasa-
dena, he has held since 1891, at which time he
was employed by John W. Hugus to assume
management of the ranch. There was little to
attract one in the appearance of the property,
which had been permitted to run down, and was
therefore proving an unprofitable investment
for its owner. The utmost liberty of judgment
was given Mr. Ingvaldsen in the planting of
fruit, selection of varieties to be cultivated and
making of improvements. The two hundred
and seventy-four acres have been placed under
cultivation to fruit, one hundred and eighty be-
ing in grapes, while the balance is in citrus and
deciduous fruits. It is said by those competent
to judge that some of the finest table grapes
grown in the entire country came from his vine-
yards, among these being the Lady Finger and
Red Emperor varieties. The thrifty appearance
of the property indicates beyond a doubt the
intelligent supervision of the manager.

As his name indicates, Mr. Ingvaldsen is of
Scandinavian lineage. His parents. Tonnes and
Karen Toresen Ingvaldsen, were natives of
Norway and both not only spent their childhood
days upon farms, but after marriage continued
a rural existence. On selling their homestead,
they moved to Stavanger, Norway, where Mr.
Ingvaldsen became manager of the largest steam
bakery in the town. When its owner, William
Hansen, failed, he invested his savings in the
purchase of the business, and continued as
proprietor for some years. In addition he
owned fishing boats and engaged in business
in that line. He was reared in the Lutheran
faith, to which he remained faithful until death.
Since his death Mrs. Ingvaldsen has continued
to make her home in Stavanger. Of their three
sons and two daughters all are living but one
son, the two surviving boys being in California.
The older of these, Thorvald, was born in
Stavanger, May i.s, 1868, and attended the
schools of that town until he was fourteen, when
he went to sea. During his life upon the ocean
lie visited many lands, cast anchor at Port Natal
and St. Helena, stopped at the Barbadoes, and
in 1885 arrived at Galveston, Tex. Deciding
to remain in America, he came to California
during the same year and settled at Los Angeles.
During tiie course of his voyages his ship had
taken on a cargo of ostriches at Port Natal,

billed to Dr. Sketsley of California, and he had
been given charge of the birds. In this way he
became interested in the business, and so was
impelled to ask the doctor for employment on
his ostrich farm. Securing the desired position,
he cared for the birds on Los Phillis ranch and
also assisted in starting the zoological gardens
in San Fernando near Glendale. After two
years a change was made in the ownership of
the business, and Mr. Ingvaldsen remained on
the ranch with G. J. Griffith, who later sent him
to the Briswalter tract in Los Angeles. For
several years he superintended a tract of three
hundred acres, under cultivation to grapes and
oranges. After several years he resigned this
position, and for two years was an employe of
Llewellyn Brothers in their foundry. On leav-
ing that place he came to Pasadena for John W.
Hugus, whose ranch he has since managed with
characteristic fidelity.

Politically Mr. Ingvaldsen is a Republican,
while fraternally he is connected with the For-
esters and Maccabees. His marriage took place
in Los Angeles, March 3, 1890, and united him
with Miss Katie Miiller, daughter of Andreas
and Anna M. (Hansen) Miiller, natives respec-
tively of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and
Ero, Denmark. In a family of four children
(all living) she was second in order of birth, and
was born at Alsen, Schleswig-Holstein, whence
she came to America in 1887 and settled at
Santa Ana, Cal. Her father was a soldier in
the revolution of 1848 and for forty years was
employed as maltster in a brewery at Alsten,
where her mother is still making her home. In
the schools of her country she received an ex-
cellent education, and was in her home early
trained to a knowledge of housewifely arts. She
is connected with the Ladies Order of Macca-
bees, in the work of which she maintains an
interest.

WILLIAM A. HEISS. The founder of the
Heiss family in the United States was William
Heiss, who brought his family from Strasburg,
Germany, and settled in Lancaster, Pa., where
he became a land owner and farmer. Accom-
panying him on this trip was a son, William,
who latter married Susan Kaforth, daughter of
a colonel in the Revolutionary war and member
of one of Pennsylvania's prominent colonial
families. Some years after his marriage this
ancestor, accompanied by wife and children, re-
moved to the vicinity of Erie, Pa., and bought a
large tract of land, the improvement of which
brought him wealth. Born of his marriage,
among other children, was a son, Isaac Heiss, a
native of Lancaster, Pa., and for years a
carpenter in Dayton, Ohio, but later a manu-
facturer of confectionery in Shelby ville, Ind. On
retiring from business pursuits, about i88r he
came to California, and afterward lived, retired.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

in Pasadena, where he died in igoo, at eighty
years of age. Politically he was a Republican,
fraternally a member of the Masonic Order and
in religion a communicant of the Alethodist
Episcopal Church. His marriage united him
with Tane Hartman, who was born in Strasburg,
Germany, and died in Shelbyville, Ind. When
only two years of age she had been brought to
America by her parents. Her father, Rev. John
\\'esley Hartman, was a minister in the German
Lutheran Church, and after crossing the ocean
secured a pastorate in Philadelphia, later of-
ficiating as pastor of a Dayton church, and
finally preaching the Gospel in Chicago. His
life was prolonged to the great age of ninety-
seven vears.

In the family of Isaac Heiss were_ seven chil-
dren, all but one of whom are living, Fannie
having died in infancy. The survivors are : Mrs.
Louise Weingarth, who lives in Los Angeles;
William A., of Pasadena; Mrs. Ellen Emerick,
of San Bernardino; Alvin G., who is in partner-
ship with his older brother at Pasadena ; Frank,
also a member of the same firm : and Emma, of
Pasadena. William A. Heiss was born in Shel-
byville, Ind., May 13, 1855, and received a fair
education in the grammar and high schools. Go-
ing to St. Paul in 1873, he entered the office of
William Lee & Co., a wholesale dry-goods firm,
with whom he remained for fifteen years, mean-
time filling every position from office boy to
manager. "Finally, when the business was closed
out owing to the advanced age of the heads of
the firm, in the capacity of manager he had
charge of the settling up of affairs.

On visiting Pasadena for the first time in
188.S, Mr. Heiss had been favorably impressed
with 'the city. The following year he returned
to the coast and opened a real-estate office in
Pasadena, also laid out fifteen acres owned by
his sister, Mrs. Weingarth, the tract being
known as Weingarth's subdivision to Pasa-
dena, and later named Winona avenue. Mean-
time, in 1887, the clothing firm of Heiss Bros,
had been established, and this enterprise has
.since been successfully conducted, the present
location being on the corner of Colorado and
Fair Oaks avenue. Among his other enter-
prises was the purchase of a ranch at La Canada,
where he has improved an orchard of thirty
acres. Other places have also been improved
under his skillful management and wise over-
sight. At one time he officiated as vice-presi-
dent of the Pasadena Deciduous Fruit Associa-
tion. In the organization of the Pasadena Mer-
chants Protective Association he took an active
paJt. He belongs to the Board of Trade and is
a charter member of the Twilight Club. After
coming to Pasadena he married Miss Belle Van
Camp, daughter of Joseph Van Camp, a mer-
chant of Indiana. She was born in Metamora,
Ind., but has been a resident of Pasadena since
girlhood, and is actively identified with the

Methodist Episcopal Church and various phil-
anthropic and social organizations of this city.
The children born of their union are named
William \'an Camp and Olive Blanche.

Ever since attaining his majority Mr. Heiss
has been stanch in his adherence to the Repub-
lican party. On this ticket, in 1901, he was
elected to represent the fourth ward in the
Pasadena city council for a term of four years.
In this body he has served as chairman of the
sewer committee and member of various others,
and has at all times advocated measures calcu-
lated to promote the city's progress and wel-
fare. Among the fraternal societies of which he
is a member may be mentioned the Knights of
Pythias, Woodmen of the World, and ^lasonic
Order, he having been made a Mason in Pasa-
dena Lodge No. 272, F. & A. M., and he is
also connected with the Eastern Star as past
patron. He is fond of recreation and enjoys his
connection with the Green Wing Gun Club, al-
though the management of his various business
interests and the duties of his office as council-
man leave him little leisure for participation in
social afifairs.

GEORGE WEST HUGHES. By his numer-
ous friends and associates in the business and
social world, George West Hughes is remem-
bered as a man in whom were united shrewd
financial acumen and a high sense of moral re-
sponsibility. In common with many whose
ambitious tendencies outweigh their physical
strength, he came to California in 1885, traveling
extensively through the state, and finally, locat-
ing in Los Angeles, came and went in the bu^y
places of the city, a potent factor in its intel-
lectual and material growth. His death, March
25, 1899, signaled the passing of a man of ex-
ceptionally fine character and attainments, the
memory of whose personality will continue to
abide, when his commercial successes have been
forgotten.

Of Welsh descent on the maternal and pa-
ternal side, Mr. Hughes was bom on the
Ouachita river in what is now Camden, Ark.,
and was a son of Judge Green B. Hughes, a
native of Kentucky, and an early settler in
Arkansas, where he was a large planter on the
Saline river. Saline county. Judge Hughes was
prominently identified with the early history of
Saline county, and at the time of his death had
filled many important positions in the govern-
ment of his district, his greatest sphere of use-
fulness being found as county judge, a position
which he sustained with equity and good judg-
ment for many years. He married Louisa
West, a native of Missouri, and who died in
Arkansas, leaving two sons and one daughter.
George West Hughes being the oldest child. The
education of Mr. Hughes was acquired at a
boarding school in W^ashington, .-Xrk., after the

^r:^^^-^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

685

completion of which he took a course in civil
engineering, to which he devoted many years of
his life. Among his most ambitious accomplish-
ments in this line was his location of the entire
Iron Mountain Railroad through Arkansas, and
a similar office which he performed for the Fort
Smith Railroad. Recognizing his particular fit-
ness, the governor of Arkansas appointed him
superintendent of the construction of the levees
on the Arkansas river, during which time he
resided principally at Little Rock, Ark. His
health failing in 1885 he sought release from
physical disability in the rejuvenating air of
California, a change which probably gained for
him many years of life.

In 1887 Mr. Hughes built a residence on
Adams street, and in time became interested in
the California Bank, of which he was vice-
president, and a member of the board of di-
rectors up to the time of his death. He was a
Republican in politics, and voted with under-
standing, and due regard for the personal worth
and qualifications of candidates for office. He
was above all else the friend of education, and
to his children gave every advantage which'
money and intelligent direction could bring
about. February 28, 1855, he married in Dallas
county, Ark., Martha Butler, a native of
Henderson, N. C, and daughter of Alexander
Butler, who was born in Boydtown, Va.
Alexander Butler was a merchant and manu-
facturer in Henderson, N. C, and about 1847
removed to Saline county, Ark., and two years
later to Dallas county. Ark., where his death
occurred. He married Mary Reavis, a native of
North Carolina, and whose father, Louis Reavis,
was a planter in North Carolina, and came of
an old Virginia family. The mother, formerly
?vliss Sally Wyche, of Virginia, was of Welsh
descent, and died in North Carolina. To Mr.
and Mrs. Butler were born twelve children, all
of whom attained maturity, and seven are liv-
ing, Mrs. Hughes being the oldest. To Mr.
and Mrs. Hughes were born three children. The
oldest son, Walter J., graduated at the Univer-
sity of \'irginia and the Harvard Law School,
and became a member of the bar of Los Angeles,
in which city he died, leaving to the care of his
mother three children. Marguerite, Reavis, and
Mar)'. Dr. West Hughes is a graduate of the
University of Virginia and the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons in New York City, and is
engaged in medical practice in Los Angeles.
George Reavis, who died in Los Angeles eleven
years ago at the age of thirty-two years, was also
a graduate of the University of \'irginia and of
Harvard College, in which latter institution he
took the degrees of A. M. and LL. B. He had
just entered upon a professional practice in Lit-
tle Rock Ark., when his lu-altli irrelricvablv
failed. Mrs. Hughes is a menili-r (if ihi- .Mtllm'^
dist Episcopal Qnirch South.

WILLIAM M. McFADDEN. While Mr.
McFadden is known as one of the successful
horticulturists of the Placentia district, and the
first settler of what has since developed into one
of the garden spots of this well-favored state, his
chief claim to distinction is the result of his
unriagging zeal in promoting the cause of edu-
cation. Favored with exceptional educational
advantages in his youth, he has for many years
upheld the highest standards of applied intellec-
tuality in the localities in which he has resided,
and as a teacher and superintendent of teachers,
has evolved methods of imparting knowledge as
feasible as they were readily understood.

Extending well into the 'last century the fam-
ily to which Mr. McFadden belongs have been
identified with Pittsburg, Pa., in which city he
was born February 19, 1840. He was gradu-
ated from the West Pittsburg high school, and
the Curry Normal Institute," also at Pittsburg,
and at Beaver Academy, Beaver, Pa. Later he
finished a course in the commercial department
of Welbourn College, Louisville. Ky., having, in
the mean time, paid his own tuition with money
acquired from teaching school. In 1864 he came
to California, and, arriving in Alameda county,
for four and a half years taught in the district
schools. In 1 868 he came to Southern Califor-
nia and contmued his former occupation in what
IS now Orange county, and was for eleven years
located at what was then called Upper Santa
Ana. During a portion of his work as a teacher
he served as superintendent of schools of the
then Los Angeles county. In later years he was
president of the high school board at Fullerton,
and superintended the construction of the high
school building. In Los Angeles county he was
a member of the board of education for two
years, and during the second year was president
of the board.

The horticultural experience of Mr. McFad-
den began in January of 1869, when he settled
on ninety-two acres purchased from the Stearns
Rancho Company, fifty acres of which are still
in his possession. From the products of his
soil Mr. McFadden ships annually to the eastern
market about twentv-three car loads of oranges,
and two car loads of walnuts, his shipping being
conducted through the Fullerton Walnut
Growers' Association, of which he was one of
the organizers and has been president for
several years. He was the second man to raise
an orange in the Placentia district, and in con-
nection with his interest in horticulture has been
prominently connected with many of the impor-
tant organizations which are of such invaluable
aid to fruit growers. He was one of the five
shippers who organized the Southern California
Orange Exchange, and was one of the pro-
moters (if the former Fruit Growers' Bank, now
merged inld ilie l-'irst National Bank of Fuller

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Like the majority who have been confronted
with the difficuh problem of artificial irrigation,
Mr. McFadden has realized the necessity of pro-
viding- reliable water systems, and he was one
of the original promoters of the now extinct
Cajon Irrigating Company, of which he was
secretary and a director for several years. He
assisted in the organization of the Anaheim
Union Water Company, of which he was at one
time president, and has been a director for years.

SIMON HARTMAN. The general merchan-
dise store of Simon Hartman in Santa Ynez is
among the sound commercial enterprises of the
town. Unexpected misfortunes have not inter-
fered with its general standing or retarded its
progress, and it stanchly holds its own in cater-
ing to a large trade extending far into the sur-
rounding country. The enterprising owner and
proprietor is one of those energetic and practical
business men who owe much to their German
birth and training, and who, upon coming to
American shores, readily adapt themselves to ex-
isting conditions, and as readily grasp the oppor-
timities awaiting them in their adopted land. He
was born in Prussia, Gennany, in 1851, and there
lived and attended the public schools until about
sixteen years of age. He then removed to Lon-
don, England, and while there continued his edu-
cation, and also learned the trade of tailoring.
Upon immigrating to America in 1872 he lived
for fifteen months in the Lehigh valley in Penn-
sylvania. Coming to California, via Panama, he
arrived in San Francisco in February of 1876.
At Marysville he engaged in the tailoring busi-
ness for a couple of years, after which he was
in the sewing machine business in San Francisco
for three years. In June of 1885 he came to
Santa Ynez, but was so unfavorably impressed
with the outlook here that he left for Prescott.
Ariz., where he remained for six months. He
then decided to again visit Santa Ynez, and upon
his return bought out his present place of busi-
ness, or rather the building in which he first con-
ducted his afifairs, and which came to a dire end
through fire in 1891. The loss was about $12,000,
and constituted all that he had in the world, and
the insurance was but $2,000. Nothing daunted,
he erected the present store and laid in an even
larger supply of general merchandise, since which
he has had no cause to regret the happy chance
which directed his steps to this appreciative little
community. Behind the store are five well-fur-
nished and comfortable rooms iii which the family
live.

The marriage of Mr. Hartman and Ricko
Jacoboritz occurred in San Francisco in 1883.
To Mr. and Mrs. Hartman have been born two
children, Hannah, who is twenty-one years of
age, and Josephine, who is seventeen years old
and attending the high-school at Santa Ynez.
Hannah is an unusually bright and capable girl,

and is bookkeeper for Levi Straus of San Fran-
cisco. She has been with the firm for over five
years, and her services are highly thought of by
her employers. Miss Hartman is a graduate of
Heald's Business College of San Francisco, and
commands a good salary in her position. Mr.
Hartman is the agent at Santa Ynez for the
Wells-Fargo Express Company. He is vitally
interested in promoting the cause of education in
his town, and has always been prominent on the
school board. The first presidential vote of Mr.
Hartman was cast for Garfield, but since then he
has voted with the Democratic party. He is a
charter member of the Knights of Pythias Lodge
No. 212, of Santa Ynez, is past chancellor of the
same and now master of finance, and he is also a
member of the I. O. B. B., of San Francisco.

WILLIAM HAMILTON, proprietor of the
Ventura machine shops, was born near Thorn-
town, Boone county, Ind., February 19, 1859.
To an extent, he inherits his mechanical ability
from his grandfather, William Hamilton, who
was born m Ohio in 1792, and who was a flour
and saw miller during his years of activity ; also
from his father, John Hamilton, a native
of Ohio, who was engaged in the same occupa-
tion. The grandfather was of English descent,
and at a very early day left Ohio and settled
near Colfax, Ind., where he conducted his mills
for many years, and where he died about 1876.
The father conducted his mills at Tliorntown,
Ind., and in 187 1 removed to Marion county,
Kans., where he purchased land and still lives.
His wife, formerly Holland Veach, was born in
Ohio, a daughter of John Veach, and of French
descent. Mrs. Hamilton, who died in Kansas,
was the mother of seven sons and two daugh-
ters, of whom one daughter is deceased, her son
William being the fourth child. Another son,
Horatio, is at present conducting a ranch near
Los Angeles.

From boyhood William Hamilton was reared
to a knowledge of. the milling business, and he
also learned the trade of machinist. His educa-
tion was acquired in the public schools, and this,
combined with a practical home training, ably
fitted him for the responsibilities of the future.
In 1871 he removed to Kansas and lived on a
farm, and also engaged in running stationary
engines and in manufacturing lumber. In 1888
he came to Ventura and for a time worked at
the blacksmith's trade, continuing the same after
his removal to San Luis Obispo. Upon return-
ing to Ventura he entered the shops of the Ven-
tura Machine Company, and worked for Mr.
Johnson, continuing the same for seven years,
after which he purchased the machine shop,
remodeled it, put in new machinery, and started
upon an era of uninterrupted success and pros-
jierity. While with ATr. Johnson, the firm pat-
ented the only successful bean and grain

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

thresher on the market, and the only combina-
tion thresher which will thresh lima as well
as other beans. Mr. Hamilton is personally
widely known as the inventor of several im-
portant devices of a mechanical nature, chief of
which is a belt guide, and the Hamilton cylinder
wrench for removmg nuts on the cylinders,
which was patented November i, 1901. He has
also manufactured and invented bean planters
and general machinery, and is acknowledged to
possess a more than ordinary talent for the work
to which he is devoting his life.

At Marion, Kans., Mr. Hamilton married Eva
Harrison, who was born in Ohio, and of this
union there are six children: Bert, Mary, DeB-
bie, Ray, Floyd and Nellie. The children are
all at iiome, and Bert, the oldest son, is a ma-
chinist with his father. Mr. Hamilton is a Re-
publican in politics, and Mrs. Hamilton is a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

JOHN IRWIN. Continually advancing to
the front, and even threatening to overshadow
the vast aggregation of interests in which
Southern California abounds, is the oil industry,
holding out such giant possibilities as to revolu-
tionize the motive power of railroads and other
aids to progress, as well as to offer inducements
for speculation, with its inevitable loss and gain.
Among the early promoters of the oil business
in Santa Paula is John Irwin, one of the pioneers
who prosecuted the business successfully in
Ventura county. At present retired from active
participation in business affairs, his rest is a
well merited one, and is the sequel to a life un-
tiringly devoted to the tasks allotted it.

The interest of Mr. Irwin in the production
of oil may be said to date as far back as the
memories of his youth, for his birthplace was
within four miles of the Drake, the first produc-
ing oil well in the state of Pennsylvania, which
was opened in 1859. He was born in Cherry
Tree, Venango county. Pa., May 4, 1841, a son
of William Irwin, a native of the same place, and
Eliza (Stewart) Irwin, a daughter of Elij'ih
Stewart, and a native of Pennsylvania. The
paternal great-grandfather, Richard, was born
in County Armagh, Ireland, in 1740, and im-
migrated to the United States and Pennsylvania
in 1 761, at the age of twenty-one years. The
paternal grandfather was one of the early set-
tlers of Venango county, and lived to be eighty-
seven years of age. In iSog one of his brothers,
John Irwin, built the first gristmill at Cherry
Tree, and the first sawmill in the township was
built by another brother, Ninian, in 1823. John
and Ninian were appointed justices of the peace,
and held the office for many years.

When John Irwin was yet a small lad his
father kept a dairy, and he became interested
in stock at a time when the average boy knows

little outside of his rudimentary studies. At the
age of eleven he bought and sold cows, and was
as familiar with their good and bad points as
are many men of mature years. By practical
experience he also became familiar with the
arduous work around a farm, and thus no royal
road led to the success of later years. The
death of his father when the son was but nine-
teen years materially added to his responsibili-
ties, for his mother, six children, and the man-
agement of the farm, practically devolved upon
his none too strong shoulders. In connection
with his other interests had ever been that of oil
production, of which he was incessantly re-
minded by its close proximity to his home, and
during the few intervals of leisure allowed be-
tween his farm duties he worked for wages at
the oil wells. In time he picked up quite a
knowledge of the oil business, and eventually
had an outfit and took contracts to sink wells,
the owner of the well furnishing the boiler en-
gine and wood rig, the other material being
furnished by the driller. Gradually working his
way up he in time became the owner of wells,
and among the wells with which he became con-
nected by right of purchase or development was
the Old Sherman, which was drilled to a depth
of six hundred feet by himself and an older
brother. This famous old spouter had an in-
dustrious career of over twenty years, and when
its days of usefulness were at an end it was es-
timated that it had flowed one million and nine
hundred barrels, or about one thousand and
two hundred barrels a day.

In 1880 Mr. Irwin spent six months on the
line of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and
among other undertakings drilled a water well
at Tower City. In April, 1883, he came to
Southern California on a prospecting tour, in
company with Lyman Stewart, and immediately
recognized the hidden possibilities of Ventura
county. He ventured upon what is known in
the west as "wild-catting," but which settled into
a fine substantial business after roads were
made, machinery brought from the east, and the
general preparations perfecting for oil develop-
ment in this part of the state. For assistance
Mr. Stewart telegraphed for W. L. Hardison,
whose interest became vital as his own, and in
July. 1883, was formed the Hardison-Stewart
C)il Company, of which Mr. Irwin became field
superintendent, and continued in this capacity
until 1887. He then went to Tar Creek, in the
.Sespe district and there was formed the Sespe
Oil Company, Hon. Thomas R. Bard being a
member of the same. In the producing of wells
with a pipe line to the field, Mr. Irwin acted as
superintendent of the field work, having com-
plete supervision of the business of sinking the
wells, of their production, and of the roads lead-
ing to them. Thomas R. I^ard was president
and W. L. Hardison general manager. After

090

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the consolidation of several of the oil companies
into the Union Oil Company of California, Mr.
Irwin became identified with the concern as
general superintendent, and was thus employed
up to January of 1900, when he retired from
active business life. His years of experience
contributed to render him one of the most widely
known oil men in the country, and his advice
was often sought where the soil produced evi-
dences of its existence. Nor must it be supposed
that his field of activity was limited to oil pro-
duction, for he was variously interested in the
general development of his county, and was one
of the organizers of the Santa Paula Hardware
Company, and of the Santa Paula Refinery. He
IS a practical all-around business man, and has
never, chased visionary phantoms which lead to
disappointment and loss. He is the owner of
considerable property in Santa Paula, and his
family are housed in a comfortable cottage near
the center of the town. He cast his first presi-
dential vote for Abraham Lincoln, and has since
voted the straight Republican ticket.

In 1868 Mr. Irwin married Caroline B. Can-
field, a native of Niagara county, N. Y., and of
this union there is one son, Ralph, who was
born at Cherry Tree, Venango county, Pa.,
September 9, 1874.

REUBEN HART. Among those sturdy and
farsighted pioneers to whom the towns of
Guadaloupe and Santa Maria owe a lasting debt
of gratitude is Reuben Hart, than whom no
citizen living in this part of Santa Barbara
county is more respected. In his make up he
combines those sterling characteristics which
have wrought so exceedingly well when trans-
]jlanted to the greater opportunities of this coun-
try, and which have their origin in England.
He was born in Derbyshire, England, in 1843,
and was educated in the public schools. As a
means to future independence he learned the
trade of carriage builder with the Stubbs Manu-
facturing Company at Derby City, remaining
there for five years. For a time also he worked
in a manufactory in Swansea. Wales, and after
immigrating to the United States was employed
in the Erie" and New York car shops for four
years, where he was recognized as an efficient
v.orkman.

In ]868, four years after his arrival in New
York, IMr. Hart, with his brother, also a ma-
chinist, came to California, settling in Alameda
county. At San Jose he entered the employ
of D. S. Mills, as manager of his large wagon
and agricultural implement manufactory. .Vfter
one year he and his brother went to Castor-
ville, where they established a general machine,
blacksmith and wagon shop under the firm
name of Hart Brothers. This association was
amicablv continued until 1878. when Reuben

Hart disposed of his interest to his brother,
Thomas. The next combined effort of the
brothers transpired in 1872. when they prac-
tically started the town of Guadaloupe by erect-
ing a machine shop and a large block of build-
ings, and acting as sub-agents for the Guada-
loupe ranch. They were very prosperous, and
succeeded in interesting many home-seekers in
the advantages to be found in the embryo town.

In 1875 Reuben Hart severed his connection
with his brother in Guadaloupe and came to
Santa Maria, where he built a blacksmith,
wagon, and machine shop on the corner of Main
and Broadway, and the first brick building in
the town, which is now occupied by Hastleman
& Company, general merchants. He also built
a feed mill, with steam power, and this necessa-
rily placed him in intimate touch with the farm-
ing contigent, whose extensive patronage he for
a long lime enjoyed. In 1879 he still further
branched out into mercantile enterprise by
starting a lumber yard which was successfully
conducted for some time, and in 1888 he built
the Hart Hotel, a brick and stone building cost-
ing $3S.ooo, and 100x120 feet in dimensions.
There are forty-three sleeping rooms, parlors,
smoking and reception rooms, gas. hot water,
and all modern conveniences. This hotel was
admirably conducted by Mr. Hart for six
years; he proved a model host, and had a fine
reputation among the traveling public.

One of the most advanced improvements in
Santa Maria which owes its origin to Mr. Hart
was the construction of the water works in 1880.
The water was pumped all over the town by
steam from a well eighty-five feet deep to an
elevated tank, and the supply was equal to all
demands. In 1897 Mr. Hart bought out the
minor water works in the town, so at present
he is in control of the entire Santa Alaria water
supply, being able to produce seventy-five thou-
sand gallons daily. Nor do these interests re-
present all of his responsibilities, for he owns
considerable other town property, as well as the
slaughter-house and race-track. He is foremost
in promoting worthy enterprises, and holds
many prominent town positions, among these
being a director in the race-track and park as-
sociations. He is in no sense a politician, be-
lieving that party should have no place in the
election to positions of trust in the connnunity.
principle alone dictating the people's choice. H\'
has rendered valuable sen-ice in promoting edu-
cation, hospital service and other public institu-
tions.

In 1880 Mr. Hart married Harriet Sharp, a
native of England, and of this union there is
one daughter, Harriet, who is a graduate of the
high school. Mrs. Harriet Hart departed this
life in June, 1897, mourned by a large circle
of sincere friends for her manv noble traits of
head an<l heart.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

JOHN W. HAMMONS. One of the pioneer
and most successful insurance men of Southern
California is John W. Hammons, who has been
a resident of Ventura since 1889. He was born
in Henry county, Mo., Februar}' 3, i860, to
which county his father, William H. Hammons,
removed in a very early day, for many years
afterward carrying on a farm as well as extensive
carpentering and building interests. An in-
dustrious and competent man, had his life been
spared past its prime, he would undoubtedly
have gained noteworthy success, but he passed
away when his son was a small child. His wife
was Susan Williams, a native of Missouri and
the daughter of a Kentuckian who joined the
ranks of Missouri's pioneers.

When twenty-one years of age John W. Ham-
mons settled in the village of Salem, Richardson
county, Neb., where in 1883 he married Miss
Dora L. Valentine, daughter of George W. and
Mary Jeannette (Gore) Valentine, and a native
of Rushford, Minn., where she was reared and
educated. Born of their union are two children,
Harry V. and Ramona D.

For a few years Mr. Hammons was employed
as clerk in a general merchandise store. Be-
fore leaving Missouri he had served an appren-
ticeship to the printer's trade and in Salem
rapidly advanced in journalism, culminating with
the editorship of the Salem Index, through the
columns of which he exerted a progressive in-
fluence for six or seven years. After removing
to Ventura, Cal., in 1889 he continued in the
same occupation and for a year published the
Democrat, in partnership with John McGonigle,
to whom he later disposed of his interest in the
paper. Next he turned his attention to the in-
surance business, in which he has since been
engaged exclusively, handling life, fire, accident
and marine insurance, representing in all thirty-
seven fire insurance companies. His business
is the largest of its kind in the county. He
represents the Mutual Life Insurance Company
of New York, which, through his efforts, is do-
ing a large business in Ventura county. One
policy alone, in November, 1901, amounted to
$25,000, besides which every month brings many
policies for smaller amounts, indicating the ex-
tent of his business and the patronage which he
has established.

As a promoter of enterprises calculated to ad-
vance the general welfare of his community, Mr.
Hammons has been prominently before the
public. He was one of the originators of the
Ventura Board of Trade and is always active in
any of its enterprises. A Democrat in politics,
he has a keen understanding of the issues and
undertakings of his party and has served the
interests of the same in various ways, including
a service of seven years (1890- 1897) as secretary
of the Democratic county central committee.
I'^raternally he is associated with Lodge No. 613
I'.. P. O. E. at Santa Barbara, being one of its

charter members. In 1889 he became a mem-
ber of the National Guard of California, was ap-
pointed corporal, later became second lieutenant
and afterward was promoted to be first lieuten-
ant. At the breaking out of the Spanish-Amer-
ican war he was first lieutenant of Company H,
Capt. A. W. Browne commanding, and with his
company and regiment volunteered for service,
expecting to be sent to the Philippines. Com-
pany H, Seventh California Volunteer Infantry,
started for San Francisco, May 6, 1898, and re-
mained there until December 2, of the same
year, when they were mustered out at Los
Angeles. When in San Francisco Mr. Ham-
mons was appointed ordnance officer on the staff
of Col. John R. Berry and served as such until
he was honorably discharged. His first enlist-
ment had been in Company D, Seventh Regi-
ment, which later was consolidated with the
Ninth Regiment, and Company D became Com-
pany H.

CHARLES LEE KING, M. D. With all of
the advantages which a splendid theoretical
equipment can bestow, added to years of prac-
tical experience in professional work, Dr. King
embarked in the practice of medicine at Pasa-
dena during 1893 and has since devoted him-
self closely and successfully to his profession.
He is a member of one of the colonial families
of Massachusetts and possesses many of the
traits which enabled those pioneers to overcome
the obstacles presented by a bleak and unde-
veloped region. Flis father, Henry J., a native
of Sufifield. Conn., received his education
principally in Yale College, and later became
a merchant of Medina, Ohio, also acted as, as-
sistant treasurer of Oberlin College. Remov-
ing to Hillsdale, Mich., in an early day, on the
establishment of Hillsdale College' by the Free
Baptists in 1853 he was chosen secretary and
treasurer of the institution, and filled the posi-
tion until i860. From that time until 1874 he
was cashier of the First National Bank of Hills-
dale, where he added to the reputation he had
previously established as an expert accountant.
On account of impaired health he gave up this
position and spent some time in recuperating,
after which he was for two terms agent of the
Indians at Leach Lake, Minn. From there he
went back to Hillsdale and later returned to
Oberlin. Ohio, where he died at sixty-seven
years. In religion he was an earnest and sincere
member of the Congregational Church. A man
of classical attainments, all through his life he
was a student, and the acquirement of knowl-
edge, historical, scientific and commercial,
formed one of the greatest pleasures of his life.
Perhaps one of the chief works of his life was
in connection with Hillsdale College, of which
he was an officer for some years, and long
served as a trustee. To his labors, together
with a few other public-spirited men. was due

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the ^owth of the institution until it had
gathered beneath its shadow many hundreds
of young men, whom it prepared for the activ-
ities of existence.

Three years after the death of Henry J. King
his wife passed away in Oberlin. She was
Sarah, daughter of josiah Sumner Lee, who
was born in Windham, Conn., and engaged in
the drug business in that state. Later he re-
moved to Ithaca, X. Y., where his daughter
Sarah was born. His ne.xt place of residence
was New York City. At an early day he be-
came a merchant of Medina, Ohio, and from
there moved to Hillsdale, Mich., where he died
in 1880, aged eighty-two years. Fraternally he
was a Mason and in religious connections a
Congregationalist. His genealogy could be
traced back in this country to the early part of
the seventeenth century, when his English
ancestors settled in Massachusetts. The family
was represented in the Revolutionary war. Its
members are now scattered all over the United
States and are prominent in various profes-
sions and occupations. In the family of Henry
J. and Sarah King there were six sons and two
daughters, of whom all but three sons attained
mature years, and at this writing two sons and
both daughters are still living, David H. having
died at twenty-one years of age. The younger
living son, Henry Churchill King, A. M., D. D.,
Ph. D., a graduate of Oberlin College and later
a student in the post-graduate course in Har-
vard College, now occupies the chair of
systematic theolog}- and philosophy in his alma
mater, and, by reason of his exceptional mental
qualities and wide researches, has gained a na-
tional reputation.

In Oberlin, Ohio. Charles Lee King was
born March 24, 1853. He was educated in
Plillsdale College, where he completed the
sophomore years, but was then obliged to leave
on account of reverses with which his father
had met. For a time he was employed as clerk
and for five years was assistant postmaster of
Hillsdale. Meantime he had cherished a desire
to study medicine, and, carefully saving his
earnings, he was able to apply them toward the
desired object. About 1876 he began his studies
under Dr. H. Harris of Hillsdale, and in 1877
matriculated in the Chicago Medical College
(now the medical department of Northwestern
University), from which he was graduated in
1880 at the conclusion of a course of three
years. Returning to Hillsdale he took up the
practice of his profession and also for two
terms acted as health officer, continuing in the
town until i88g. Meantime, for seven months
in 1883-84. he was engaged in post-graduate
work in the Harvard College medical depart-
ment. From 1889 until 1893 he was medical
.superintendent of .\Ima sanitarium, and mean-
while spent the winters of 1891). 1891 and 1893
in the New York Post-riradunte College. Com-

ing to California in 1893, he opened a private
sanitarium at Sierra Madre Villa, and from
there in 1896 came to Pasadena, where he re-
sides at No. 70 South Euclid avenue. He was
married in Monroeville, Ohio, his wife being
Miss Selina Bath, who was born in Bristol, Eng-
land.

\'arious professional organizations receive at-
tention from Dr. King, particularly the Pasa-
dena Medical Association, of which he has of-
ficiated as president. In addition he is
connected with the Los Angeles County and
California State Aledical Societies and the
American Medical Association. Though not
active as a partisan, his politics are of no un-
certain stamp, but are stanchly Republican. An
active worker in the Presbyterian Church, he
served in it as a ruling elder. Before leaving
Michigan he was made a Mason in Hillsdale and
is now a member of the lodge and chapter at
Pasadena, also is connected with the Eiks lodge
in this city.

CAPT. ISAAC B. HARDY. During the
colonial period Benjamin Hardy left England for
America and settled at Andover, Mass., where
his son, James, was born and reared. The latter
removed to East Strong, Franklin county. Me.,
where his son, Albert, first saw the light. In
turn the latter sought a new home to reward his
manhood's activities. In 1855 he settled at P'ree-
dom. LaSalle county. 111., where he improved a
valuable farm from a tract of raw prairie land.
On retiring from agricultural pursuits, he came
to Santa Barbara, and here his death occurred
when he was eighty-four years of age. He had
married Nancy R. Baldwin, who was born in
New Sharon, Me., and died in Oakland. Cal.. and
two sons were born of their union. Isaac P.aldwiii
and George V.. the latter now a real-estate dealer
in Oakland. Mrs. Hardy was a daughter of
Naham Baldwin, who in early life was a seafar-
ing man in the trans-Atlantic trade, and sailed
around the world with his ship. Like the Hardys.
the Baldwin family were early settlers of Massa-
chusetts and removed from there to Maine.

At East Strong, Me., Isaac Baldwin Hard\-
was born June 10. 1843. I" '855 he accompanied
the family to Illinois, where, August 16. 1862.
he enlisted in Company A. Sixty-fourtJi Illinois
Infantry, better known as Yates' Sharpshooters.
Mustered into sendee at Springfield, he was sent
at once to the front and took part in the second
battle of Corinth, October 3 and 4. 1862, after
which the regiment went into winter quarters at
Glendale, Miss. The next year was spent in
scouting. Among the battles in which Captain
Hardy look ])art were the following: Dallas. Dal-
ton. Buzzard's Roost. Resaca. Adairville. Peach
Tree Creek. Snake Creek. Kcnnesaw uKJimtaiu.
siege of .\tlanla. .Mtoona. Marietta, and tlun
started on the march to the sea. taking jian in

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

various engagements en route. Thence they
marched north through the CaroHnas, and were
at Averysboro, Rivers' Bridges, the capture of
Columbia, S. C, and at Goldsboro and Benton-
ville. After the surrender of the Confederates
they were ordered to Washington, where they
participated in the grand review and were mus-
tered out of service, later were honorably dis-
charged at Springfield, Captain Hardy holding
the rank of sergeant. While he took part in over
thirty engagements and was hit at Corinth, Ben-
tonville and Resaca, no wound was in the least
serious ; however, he had been afifected by the
hardships of war and for a long time after re-
turning home was in poor health, although he
endeavored to manage his farm near Odell, 111.
In 1872 he removed to Clinton, Iowa, and for
five years was engaged in a sash and blind busi-
ness. Returning to Livingston county. 111., in
1877, he resumed farming. From there, in 1880,
he moved to Kansas and took up a homestead
near Norton, at the same time carried on con-
tracting and building. On his arrival in Santa
Barbara, in August, 1883, he turned his atten-
tion to carpentering, but since 1887 has been a
contractor and builder, and among other con-
tracts has built the Hopkins block and the resi-
dences of Mr. Whitney and E. R. Spaulding.

March 20, i870,in Livingston county, 111., Cap-
tain Hardy married Miss Zoraida G. Bolt, who
was born in Colon, St. Joseph county, Mich., and
was one of five children, three now living. The
Bolt family is of Holland-Dutch descent and is
related to the Putnams and the Van Rensselaers.
Her grandfather, Thaddeus Bolt, married a de-
scendant of Gen. Israel Putnam. Her father,
Cornelius Bolt, a native of Schenectady, N. Y.,
moved to Colon, Mich., in 1845, and later set-
tled in Livingston county, 111. His wife was Elsie
Ann, daughter of Charles Doughty, both natives
of New York and descendants of a Scotch family
that settled in Connecticut at an early day.
Charles Doughty died in ]Michigan and his
daughter, Mrs. Bolt, is now living at Mendon,
that state, and is eighty-two years of age. After
completing her education in Colon Seminary Mrs.
Hardy taught school, first in Michigan, later in
Illinois. Since coming to Santa Barbara she has
been an active member of the Women's Relief
Corps. To her marriage have been born four
children, namely: Clara Frances, Mrs. Griffith.
of Santa Barbara ; Ethel C, a student in Berkeley
College; Albert C, a graduate of Santa Barbara
Business College; and Blanche B.

During his residence in Illinois Captain Hardy
was made a Mason in the blue lodge of Freedom,
111. At this writing he is past commander of
Starr King Post No. 52, and formerly he served
as an aide on the department staff. Politically he
is a Republican and in religion holds membership
in the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, to
whose official board he belongs. He is a member

of the Chamber of Commerce and interested in
other movements for the development of Santa
Barbara's trade facilities. Ever since his par-
ticipation in the Civil war he has maintained an
interest in militar\- affairs and has kept well
posted in military tactics. At a mass meeting held
when the Spanish-American war was declared.
he was appointed to organize and drill four com-
panies of home guards, and this he proceeded to
do, the result being a fine brigade of well-trained
militia. He also organized and commanded the
Santa Barbara Boys and Girls Brigades, the
former of which had a reputation as the banner
company of its kind in the United States.

THEODORE A. KELSEY. There are few
of the residents of the Santa Clara valley whose
identification with its interests antedates the ar-
rival of Mr. Kelsey, a pioneer of 1869. For ten
years before that he had been a resident of Cali-
fornia, but his success and prosperity may be
said to date from his arrival in the county of
Ventura, with whose history he has been asso-
ciated since his early manhood. Born in Rock-
away, Morris county, N. J., he accompanied his
parents to California in 1859 and settled in Oak-
land. Acquiring a knowledge of the harness-
maker's trade, he followed that occupation in
San Francisco for seven years. From there he
came to the Santa Clara valley, where he oper-
ated rented land at first, saving his earnings in
order that he might invest in property for him-
self.

For several years after 1876 Mr. Kelsey owned
and operated the Jack Hill ranch near Montalvo,
where he was associated with his brother, J. B.
Kelsey, in the raising of hogs. In 1887 he
rented Captain Blackburn's ranch and for eight
years engaged in raising beans there. His next
purchase comprised sixty-two acres, formerly
known as the Cline farm, and situated near West
Saticoy. On this place he has since made his
home. All of the land is under cultivation, and
is devoted to the raising of walnuts, apricots
and lima beans. The latter he raises more espe-
cially for the seed, which he sells to eastern seed
houses. During 1900 he shipped seventy-five
tons of hand-picked seed beans, which shows
the large scale upon which the business is con-
ducted. At the World's Fair in 1893 he was
awarded a premium on the Lazy \\^ife bean, a
variety that is particularly fine.

The subject of irrigation receives considerable
attention from Mr. Kelsey, who realizes its im-
portance in the development of California. To
furnish water for one hundred acres, he has wells
that are sixty feet and three hundred feet deep,
respectively. He is a member of the Walnut
Growers' Association at Saticoy, a stockholder
in the People's Lumber Company at Ventura,
and a director of the Saticoy Co-operative store.
Progressive and enterprising, he is eager to

696

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

carry out plans for the upbuilding of the valley,
and has done much to benefit his locality. For
nine years he was a trustee of the Saticoy school
district, during which time he was active in pro-
moting the standard of education and introduc-
ing needed improvements. While he is not a
partisan, he is nevertheless a worker in the Re-
publican party and a thorough sympathizer with
its principles. Being a natural farmer and prac-
tical fruit man, he has made a special study of
ihe fruit industry, and his land forms one of
the finest fruit ranches near Saticoy. However,
his greatest delight is not in his ranch or his
town, but in his home and family, and his great-
est ambition is to promote the welfare of his
children. One of his daughters, Mabel E., is a
graduate of the California State University at
Berkeley; Adaline is in the school for trained
nurses at San Francisco; Rita F. is making a
special study of music, for which she possesses
talent; Inez is attending the Ventura high
school. The eldest son, Earle, who possesses
ability in the mechanical arts, is being given the
advantage of a course in that line at the State
University.

C. E. HOAR. The family represented by Mr.
Hoar of Ventura county is one of the most illus-
trious in New England, with the history of which
its members have been identified since the colonial
period. During the Revolutionan,- war Capt.
Samuel Hoar was a gallant officer in the patriot
army, and after the close of the conflict he was
for many years a member of the Massachusetts
legislature. His son, Samuel, Jr., was born in
Lincoln, Mass., May i8, 1788, and was graduated
from Harvard College in 1802, after which he
studied law and in 1805 was admitted to the bar.
Establishing himself in practice at Concord, he
was for forty years one of the most distinguished
attorneys of the Bay state. In 1825 and 1833
he was elected to the state senate, and from 1835
to 1837 he served in the United States congress.
The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by
Harvard College. His death occurred in Con-
cord, November 2, 1856.

By the marriage of Samuel Hoar, Jr., to a
daughter of Roger Sherman, two sons were bom,
both of whom attained national reputations. One
of these, Ebenezer R., was the father of C. E.
Hoar, while the other, George Frisbie, is known
throughout the United States as the senator from
Massachusetts and as one of our nation's lead-
ing men. Ebenezer R. Hoar was bom in Con-
cord February 21, 18 16, and was graduated from
Harvard College in 1835. Five years later he
was admitted to the bar, and entered upon a dis-
tinguished career at the bar and on the bench.
From 1849 to 1855 he ser%'ed as judge of the
court of common pleas; from 1859 to 1869 he
was a judge of the state supreme court. In
March, 1869, under the administration of Ulysses

S. Grant, he was chosen attorney-general of the
United States, but resigned from^ the cabinet in
July, 1870. In 1 87 1 he was a member of the
joint high commission which framed the treaty
of Washington with Great Britain. He accepted
a seat in the United States congress December 1 .
1873, Slid remained in that body until March 3,
1875, when he resumed his private practice.
Politically he was a firm believer in Republican
principles, and was himself one of the leaders in
the establishment of the party's platform.

The brilliant career of Ebenezer R. Hoar has
been duplicated in that of his brother, George F.
Hoar, who was born at Concord August 29,
1826, graduated from Har\'ard in 1846, and be-
gan the practice of law at Worcester, Mass. In
1856 he was elected to the ilassachusetts legis-
lature and the next year became a state senator.
His long and successful connection with national
statesmanship began March 4, 1869, when he
took his seat in congress. He remained in that
body until March 3, 1877, when he retired. Two
days later he entered the United States senate.
His subsequent history is known to all. Fre-
quently he has been a delegate to national Re-
publican conventions. From 1874 to 1880 he
was overseer of Harvard College; in 1880 he
was regent of the Smithsonian Institute. Other
offices held by him have been those of president
of the American Antiquarian Society and trustee
of the Peabody Museum of Archeology. Like his
father, he is a member of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society. The degree of LL.D. has been
conferred upon him by William and Mary, Am-
herst, Yale and Harvard Colleges.

In Concord, Mass., with the history of which
his forefathers were so closely associated, C. E.
Hoar was bom and reared. Following the ex-
ample of his father and grandfather, he became
a student in Hai-vard, from which he was gradu-
ated. In 1875 he came to California, and during
the first thirteen years of his residence in this
state he engaged in the sheep-raising business
and rented practically one-half of the entire val-
ley in which his ranch was located, Capt. A. W.
Brown renting the other half for a similar period.
Eventually ]\Ir. Hoar purchased seven hundred
acres near Simi, Ventura county, and this he has
turned to the profitable raising of grain and al-
falfa, having one hundred acres in the latter. At
present his specialty in stock is the raising of
hogs. The ranch is fitted out with approved
modern appliances and labor-saving devices. Ir-
rigation is facilitated by artesian wells, one of
which is ninety feet deep. Success has made of
Mr. Hoar an advocate of the manifold advantages
to be found in this part of the state, and he is
one of the most enterprising of the easterners
who have here found a pleasant home and con-
genial occupation. He cast his first presidential
vote for James A. Garfield and has ever since
affiliated with the Republican party.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

697

MRS. H. G. HELMER. To trace the success
of Mrs. Helmer in her chosen occupation of flori-
cuhure is to go back to the fundamental principles
of her life, which are perseverance, many-sided
capabilities, and an ardent love of nature in all
her moods and an understanding of her many
peculiarities. No smallest shoot in the large and
complete greenhouses but seems to have a future
of verdure, flower or fruit, and because of this
prophecy it receives the most careful ministra-
tions, and is gently induced to fulfil expecta-
tions. From an insignificant and experimental
beginning Mrs. Helmer has developed by far the
largest trade in the city, and no one questions
her right to be designated one of the most artistic
decorators in a state where floral embellishment
seems as second nature. From earliest youth this
successful florist evinced a love for children,
flowers and sunshine, three of the happiest com-
binations, and the most hamionious of character
developers. She was born in the city of Olden-
burg, Germany, her maiden name having been
Helena G. Miners. Her father, Otto Miners, was
one of the principal men of the little German
town, which was also his birthplace, and there in
his mature years he became a large wholesale
manufacturer and merchant. To him belonged
the distinction of selling the first sewing machine
in the empire, which was the make of Wheeler
& Wilson. He came from a very old family of
that section of Germany, and his death in his
native town ended a career marked by large
achievements and many public-spirited undertak-
ings. His helpmate through life was formerly
Helena Linderman, who was born and died in
Oldenburg.

There was but one child in the family, and Miss
Miners received every advantage which her
parents' circumstances permitted. She was edu-
cated in the schools of Oldenburg and as an aid
to future independence learned to be a kinder-
garten teacher under some of the best masters
in the country where this admirable system of
early instruction originated. In 1873 she immi-
grated to the United States, and after a short
sojourn in New York City came to San Fran-
cisco and entered the Gennan kindergarten of
that city, being one of the first teachers in this
part of the country. At first assistant principal,
she was later promoted to the principalship, which
position she held until her resignation in 1875.

June 6, 1875, Miss Miners married George
Helmer, a native of Saxe-Weimer, Germany, and
a barber by occupation. Mr. Helmer came to
New York City from his native land and there
followed his trade, removing later to San F"ran-
cisco, and in 1875 locating in Santa Barbara,
where he has one of the finest and most popular
shops in the city. He is a master in his line, and
possesses those requirements which are insepa-
rably associated with success in this most neces-
sary of callings.

At first ]\Irs. Helmer had a small private green-
house, but about twelve years ago she decided to
branch out and make a regular business of raising
plants and flowers, and now has very large houses
for propagating plants. The cut flower gardens
are in the adjoining block to the Arlington, and
there is a flower stand in the hotel. Wlien Presi-
dent McKinley visited Santa Barbara, Mrs.
Helmer decorated the dining room, which was
by all pronounced a model of artistic skill, roses
galore and of many varieties being used, three
thousand five hundred in all. The president's
table was decorated with La France roses. Es-
pecially worthy of mention are the unique and
beautiful decorations thought out by Mrs. Hel-
mer for wedding parties, and equally appropriate
her funeral embellishments. Every department
of her trade is under her own personal supervi-
sion, and she has taken the premiums for artistic
work at the Santa Ana floral carnivals, and on
many other occasions where there was pro-
nounced competition and an opportunity for
more than ordinary decorative knowledge. Mrs.
Helmer is a member of the Santa Barbara Hor-
ticultural Association.

To J\Ir. and Mrs. Helmer have been born four
children: Alexander, who assists his mother
with her work; Otto, who is a foreman in a min-
ing camp in British Columbia; Leta and Adeflea,
who are at home. Air. Helmer is a member of tlie
Independent Order of Odd Fellows. The family
are members of the Lutheran Church.

FORDYCE GRINNELL, M. D. At the
time of the revocation of the edict of Nantes
the French-Huguenot family of Grinnell joined
in the Protestant dispersion and became resi-
dents of England, whence three brothers crossed
the ocean to America, settling in Massachusetts.
Sylvester Grinnell, a native of the state of Ver-
mont, and a soldier in the war of 1812, was the
first of the name to embrace the doctrines of
the Friends' Church, and his son, Rev. Jeremiah
A. Grinnell, also of Vermont birth, became a
minister in that society. The beautiful doctrines
of that sect were exemplified by his life and
teachings, and he did much to broaden the in-
fluence of the church. From Morrow county,
Ohio, in 1850, he moved to Cedar county, Iowa,
settling in Springdale and buying a tract of new
land. Many other towns afterward received the
encouragement of his presence as a minister
of the gospel. Both in the north and the south
he founded new churches and strengthened es-
tablished congregations. Even after coming to
California in his old age he organized several
new congregations. For more than fifty years
he continued in ministerial work and when very
old passed away in Pasadena. In his labors as
a preacher he had the faithful and devoted as-
sistance of his wife, who was a member of an
old Quaker family of Vermont, where she was

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

born. In childhood she went to Morrow county,
Ohio, with her father, Thomas Taber. Her
death occurred in Tennessee. The family of
Jeremiah A. and Martha (Taber) Grinnell con-
sisted of four sons and four daughters, of whom
two sons and two daughters are living, namely:
Edwin, of Des Moines, Iowa; Fordyce, of Pas-
adena, Cal.; Mrs. Rosa G. Hastings, of Mary-
ville, Tenn.; and Mrs. Evelyn Cleaver, of Indi-
ana. After the death of Mrs. Martha Grinnell,
Rev. J. A. Grinnell married Jane M. Kille, in
Damascus, Ohio. She is still living and makes
Pasadena her home.

At Mount Gilead, Morrow county, Ohio, For-
dyce Grinnell was born April 23, 1844. He stud-
ied classics in the Farmers' Institute near La-
fayette, Ind., and during the war was for two
years associated with the Freedmen's Bureau,
teaching the colored people in Missouri. Later
he engaged in educational work in Tennessee
and while teaching also gained his rudimentary
knowledge of medicine. In 1873 ^^^ ^^^s grad-
uated from Miami Medical College of Cincin-
nati, Ohio, after which he acted as physician and
surgeon to the Wichita Indian agency in the
Indian Territory, practicing for five years near
Fort Sill. IMeantime, October 21, 1874, in Roch-
ester, N. H., he was united in marriage with
Aliss Elizabeth Pratt, and while they were liv-
ing near Fort Sill their first child, Joseph, was
born. In 1878 the family removed to Tennessee,
where Dr. Grinnell practiced at Maryville for
two and one-half years. In 1881 he was ap-
pointed government physician and surgeon at
Red Cloud Agency (now the Pine Ridge
Agency), where he remained two years. An-
other son, Ford}ce, Jr., was born at this agency,
while the only daughter, Elizabeth, was bom
subsequently when the family were for two years
stationed at the Rose Bud Agency.

During the years of his service as govern-
ment physician Dr. Grinnell always treated the
Indians with consideration and thoughtful kind-
ness. As a result he won their confidence. At
no time did he ever wear arms although often
the red men were on the war path, but he knew
himself and family to be safe with them. When
an Indian war was impending, the other white
families at the agency were moved away in gov-
ernment wagons, but his family remained among
the Sioux and received from them the most
courteous treatment. On leaving the govern-
ment service, in 1885, he came to California and
purchased property at Pasadena. At the solici-
tation of his old friend. Colonel Pratt, he ac-
cepted an appointment as physician in the hos-
pital connected with the Indian training school
at Carlisle, Pa., but a year later returned to
Pasadena, where he has since conducted a gen-
eral practice in medicine and surgery. He owns
and has improved three and one-half acres on
Marengo avenue, also has property in other

parts of the city, and has improved various
orange groves. As an organizer and director
lie was connected with the Pickering Land and
Water Company, which laid out and started the
town of Whittier. The name of Whittier was
suggested by Mrs. Grinnell on the occasion of
her first visit to the town site and the sugges-
tion was at once adopted by the company. At
one time he was president of the Pasadena Med-
ical Society, in whose organization he assisted.
For years he was a director of the Young IMen's
Christian Association, of which he was also hon-
ored as the president. In religion he is a Pres-
byterian, and in politics a believer in Republican
principles.

Sylvester Grinnell, brother of Fordyce, grad-
uated at Oberlin, Ohio, and preached as a Con-
gregational minister for many years in Wis-
consin.

Mrs. Grinnell is of Puritan lineage. Her great-
grandfather, Simeon Pratt, settled in Roxbury
during Revolutionary days, and the house in
which he lived still stands. He was a charter
member of the Washington Lodge of Masons,
which he served as warden. His son, Nathan, a
merchant of Roxbury, was the father of Rev.
Joseph H. Pratt, who became a minister in the
Society of Friends, and who married Martha
E. Hanson, daughter of Robert Hanson. The
latter represented the second generation in de-
scent from one of three brothers emigrating
from England. A native of North Carolina,
Robert Hanson started northward for New-
England and settled at Thorndike, Me., entering
three hundred and twenty acres of land there
and b-^coming a farmer of means and influence.
There were twelve children in his family, among
them being Martha E., who was born in Maine
and now, at eighty-five years of age, makes her
home in Indianapolis, Ind. By her marriage to
Rev. J. H. Pratt, one son and three daughters
were born, namely: Charles Eadward, who died
in Boston; Mrs. Jennie Woollard, of Ames-
bury, Alass.; Mrs. Elizabeth Pratt, of Pasadena,
Cal.; and Mrs. Hannah Jessup, of Indianapolis,
Ind. The son, Charles Eadward Pratt, is worthy
oi more extended mention than the limits of this
article permit. Known throughout New Eng-
land as lawyer and litterateur, he was bom at
Vassalborough, Me., in 1845, and in 1870 was
graduated from Haverford (Pa.) College. After
having completed his law studies with Messrs.
Jones and Otis (former associates of Governor
Andrew), he was admitted to the Suffolk bar in
June, 1871, and to the bar of the United States
in July, 1872. For a time general practice en-
gaged his attention, but soon he made a spe-
cialty of patent law. In May, 1881, he became
counsel for Pope Manufacturing Company, a
position which he held until shortly before his
death. Elected from the twenty-first ward to
the city council of Boston, in 1881 and 1882 he

/g tyOun^jLAXju.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

701

was president of that body, and for a time he
was a .trustee of the Boston Public Library. It
is a noteworthy fact that he was the first Quaker
to hold any office in Boston; he was also the
first of that society to speak on Boston common
since the execution of ^lary Dyer, his address
being delivered before Post No. 113, G. .\. R.,
on Decoration day of 1882. Notwithstanding
his active professional career, he kept in touch
with public affairs of moment and with the on-
ward march of literature representing the mod-
ern phases of thought. At the time that bicy-
cles were first introduced he became a champion
of the wheel, was one of the earliest riders, pro-
jected the League of American Wheelmen, and
was its first president. He also founded ''The
Bicycling World," and acted as editor of "Out-
ing." On all questions connected with the priv-
ileges and interests of bicycling he was regarded
as a practical authority. At the time of his
death he was engaged in a translation of Les
Carbole's "Historic de la Nouvelle France."

The early childhood of Mrs. Grinnell was
passed at the family home, on the banks of the
Penobscot river, about sixty miles north of Ban-
gor. Living close to nature, she early gained a
love for all her moods, whether of summer sun
or winter snow, and, like all who have a teacher
so profound, she is richly endowed with the
highest ideals of moral obligations. During
those same days she began to understand the
situation of the homeless Indians, whose fast-
thinning ranks were drifting- slowly toward the
west, and the injustice done them awakened
within her a deep pity for their pathetic and
hopeless condition. Always fond of writing,
since coming to California she has devoted con-
siderable attention to literature, and is now,
with her older son, on the stafif of "Out West"
(formerly "Land of Sunshine"). She is the au-
thor of the following works: "How John and I
Brought Up the Child," published by the Sun-
day-School Union of Philadelphia: "John and I
and the Church," published by Fleming H. Re-
vell, of Chicago; "For the Sake of a Name,"
by David C. Cook, of Chicago; "Our Feathered
Friends" (which she wrote in collaboration with
her son Joseph), published by D. C. Heath &
Co., of Boston, and now in use in the public
schools of the United States as a supplementary
reader; and "Birds of Song and Story," by her-
self and son, Joseph, written in the interests of
the Audubon Society, and published by A. W.
Mumford, of Chicago. In addition, she edited
"Gold Hunting in Alaska," written by her older
son and published by David C. Cook. The son,
who is an instructor in the Leland Stanford
Summer School, makes a specialty of ornithol-
ogy and biology, and is a fellow in the American
Ornithological Union. In the interests of this
science he has made two trips to Alaska, thus
securing the finest collection yet obtained of

Alaska birds. On one trip he spent four months
around the islands of Sitka, but on the second
trip he pushed further northward, accompanying
twenty men on a gold hunt, and spending the
winter beyond the .\rctic circle, three hundred
miles up the Kowak river. Fordyce Grinnell,
Jr., second son of Dr. and .Mrs. Grinnell, is now
a student in Stanford University. He has chosen
entomology as his pursuit and has already won
some place among the lovers of this science.
Jilizabeth, the daughter, is pursuing a college
course at Throop, Pasadena.

C. D. BONESTEL. The genial and popular
postmaster of Ventura has crowded into his well
rounded life much of interest and even ad-
venture, and no one within the borders of the
town more fully realizes our idea of the typical
sturdy and substantial type of men, whose enter-
prise and ambition drew them to the Pacific
coast, during the days of glittering gold
and possibilities. In the intervening years be-
tween 1849 and the present, he has tarried in
the wake of the fortunes lost and won, the sur-
prises and disappointments, and has made his
influence felt in the town which is his by right
of adoption and untiring public service. Many
of the large enterprises which have so materially
aided in the general development of the neigh-
borhood owe their partial origin and ultimate
success to his profound financial understanding,
and clear, common sense business methods, and
his name is another expression for all that is
admirable in the world of progress and upright-
ness. ♦

The Bonestel family came originally from
Germany, and has, at the hands of its different
members, undergone various changes as to
orthography, some spelling their name Bohn-
stein, which is the original, while other spellings
adopted are Bonesteel and Bonestell. The
grandfather, David, lived in Columbia county,
N. Y., and later removed to Greene county,
where he spent his days in conducting a farm.
His son John, the father of Q D., was born in
Columbia county, and was up to the time of his
death a farmer in Greene county. He married
Deborah Garvin, who was born in Connecticut,
and died in New Hartford, Iowa. They became
the parents of six children, two of whom are
living, C. D. being the youngest and the only
one on the coast.

On his father's farm in Greene county, N. Y.,
C. D. Bonestel was born May 30, 1825, and
there he was reared to agricultural pursuits. As
may be imagined his educational opportunities
were somewhat limited, owing both to the
necessity which required his services on the
farm, and to the crude methods of imparting
knowledge at that time. He has a vivid recol-
lection of wrestling with the problems as set

702

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

down in that old landmark aJiiong educational
books, Dabald's Arithmetic, and of a log school
house the conveniences of which were in sad
contrast with those of the present. In 1849 he
decided to enlarge his prospects by removal to
the west, whence came wonderful tales of hidden
riches, and accordingl}' he boarded the Crescent
City in New York harbor, bound for Aspinwall,
Panama. Arriving at the peninsular town he
was detained for nearly three months owing to
there being no vessels at Panama. Meantime
people were dying in large nvnnbers of cholera.
Finally he succeeded in securing passage on the
sailing vessel. Crown Princess, and reached San
Francisco in September of 1849, having been on
the journey from Panama just eighty-five days.
For a time he worked and prospected in the
mines in Eldorado county, Cal., and after
eighteen months settled in Placerville, the same
county, and bought a little log house. This un-
assuming structure m time became prominent
as the Placer Hotel, and was conducted with
varying success until 1854. The better to ac-
commodate the transient public, he then built
a brick building, which went up in smoke in
1856, but was rebuilt and managed until 1858,
when it passed into other hands. Mr. Bonestel
then engaged in ranching and the cattle business
until 1861.

Determining to revisit the scenes of his youth
in 1862, Mr. Bonestel set sail on the steamer
Golden Gate for Panama. Arriving near Man-
zanilla the steamer caught fire and was con-
sumed in flame, two hundred and ten lives being
lost and one hundred and fifty saved. With
others equally fortunate J\lr. Bonestel made his
escape from the wreck in a boat which event-
ually capsized, but he succeeded in reaching
shore one hundred miles from Manzanilla. Ut-
terly exhausted from his combat with the waves
and elements, he hardly saw a way of reaching
his destination, but succeeded in securing horses
and a conveyance with which he traveled for
ten days before reaching the town. There he
boarded another boat to Panama, and finally
reached New York, and his former home, where
he remained for three months. The journey
back to San Francisco by way of Panama was
embellished with an even more picturesque in-
cident than its predecessors, for the good ship
Areal was singled out by the pirate steamer
Alabama, which swept down upon it from over
the horizon, and took possession of all on board.
It was the piratical intention to land the pas-
sengers (over eight hundred) at San Domingo,
Hayti, but owing to the captain signing bonds
))ayable on the recognition of the Southern Con-
federacy to the amount of $300,000, the party
were allowed to proceed unmolested to Panama.
Crossing the isthmus they again set sail for San
Francisco and arrived at their destination in
January of i86.-^.

For a few months after returning to the west
Mr. Bonestel engaged in prospecting and min-
ing at Austin, Nev., and then with a Mr. White
engaged in the banking and brokerage business
for eighteen months. He then bought out Mr.
White, and when the First National Bank was
started with a capital of $200,000, he accepted
the position of vice-president and manager, but
resigned a year later, on account of his health,
and went to San Francisco. He there bought
in 1868 an interest in the Henry Payote book
and stationery business, now the Payote-Upham
company. Mr. Upham bought out Mr. Bonestel
'in 1871. After a short trip to the east Mr.
Bonestel then availed himself of the great boom
in mining stocks, and for a few months bought
and sold the same in San Francisco, but with-
out success, and then determined to go to the
southern part of the state and take an inventory
of the prospects there to be found. So well
was he satisfied with \'entura, that he returned
here and took up his residence in 1875. After
a short time he was appointed under sheriff
under J. B. Stone, and after four years of service
he bought an interest in the general merchan-
dise firm of ChafTee & Gilbert, the affairs of the
concern being then conducted under the firm
name of Chaffee, Gilbert & Bonestel. This ar-
rangement was amicably carried on until 1893,
when the firm added to their interests a lumber
business, the management of which was under-
taken by Mr. Bonestel. They later bought out
Mr. Gilbert, and the firm then ran under the
name of Chaffee & Bonestel, although the lum-
ber business was soon disposed of and the
general merchandise part alone continued.

In 1893 Mr. Bonestel undertook a trip to the
east, taking in the World's Fair and other points
of interest. While in Troy, N. Y., he received
a message announcing that his partner, Mr.
Chaffee, was stricken with paralysis. This news
necessitated an immediate return to the west,
and in 1894 he settled up the business of Chaf-
fee & Bonestel, so long conducted under suc-
cessful auspices. In February of 1898 he was
appointed by President McKinley postmaster of
\entura, a position which he has since credit-
ably held, to the satisfaction of all concerned. In
his capacity of a stanch Republican he has held
other offices of importance, including that of
school trustee for eight years and city trustee
for two years, and he has also been a member
of the county central committee, and chairman
of the same for three terms.

Upon the organization of the People's
Lumber Company in 1893, Mr. Bonestel was
elected president of the concern, which position
he has since held. The lumber company does
an enormous business, and the extensive trade
extending over the whole county has justified
the starting and maintenance of yards at Ox-
nard and Santa Paula. The capital stock is

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

703

$80,000, and the affairs of the company are
under the superior management of W. A. Bone-
stel, son of the president, and one of the best
informed men on lumber matters in Southern
California. C. D. Bonestel has, among his
multipHcity of interests, a ranch of sixteen hun-
dred acres, ten miles north of Ventura, on San
Antonio creek, which is devoted to general
farming and stock-raising, it being mostly graz-
ing land. He also owns considerable city
property, and much more has at times been in
Iiis possession, and in the certain changes passed
into other ownership.

The first marriage of Air. Bonestel occurred in
Xew York with Elizabeth Falk, the issue being
one son, Watson A., general manager of the
People's Lumber Company. A second marriage
was contracted in San Francisco, with Nannie
A. Smith, who claims distinguished connections,
her maternal uncle, Byron Weston, having been
lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts three
terms. Airs. Bonestel was born in Texas, and
her parents were from Massachusetts. Of the
union of Mr. Bonestel and Miss Smith there
are two sons and two daughters, viz.: Cora, who
is now Mrs. F. J. Sifford of Ventura; Alonzo
Frank, who has charge of the rural delivery,
under his father's management; Edith, Mrs.
Arneal, of Camarillo, Ventura county, Cal., and
Chester Dean, who resides at home. Mr. Bone-
stel is a member of various political, mercantile,
social, and philanthropic societies, and is one of
the most honored members of the California
Pioneer Society.

ELISHA K. GREEN. His residence in Los
Angeles Mr. Green dates from the spring of
1873. 1^^ ^^'^s born in the township of Gaines,
Orleans county, N. Y., August 30, 1839, being a
son of Eri Allen and Johanna (Kelley) Green,
also natives of New York state. His maternal
grandfather, John Kelley, a soldier in the war of
1812, was a man of great mechanical and invent-
ive genius, and as such became well known
among the people of Monroe county, N. Y.,
where he made his home near Rochester. The
paternal grandfather was a farmer of New York
and descended from a Massachusetts family who
in turn traced their lineage to Scotland. From
New York E. A. Green moved to Eaton county,
Mich., in 1844, and improved a farm from the
woods, spending his remaining years in the cul-
tivation of the tract. In religion he was a Bap-
tist. He was one of the active organizers of
Kalamazoo College and subsequently main-
tained an interest in its progress. His death oc-
curred in Charlotte, Eaton county, Mich.; his
wife died in 1857. They were the parents of
eleven children, of whom E. K. was the seventh.
He received a public-school and academic edu-
cation in Charlotte, Mich., and from eighteen
until twenty-six years of age taught school in

Eaton and Ionia counties, Mich. While in Ches-
ter township, Eaton county, he was elected
school inspector for that township.

After graduating from Bryant & Stratton's
Business College in Chicago in 1864, Mr. Green
returned to Michigan and remained there over
a year. He then removed to Batavia, 111., and
secured employment as bookkeeper in a large
manufacturing establishment. Four years later
he resigned to enter the grocery and crockery
business, and after another four years he sold
out his business in order to come west. Novem-
ber, 1872, found him in California, and the
prospects impressed him so favorably that in the
spring of 1873 1^^ brought his family here and
embarked in business as a manufacturer of wind-
mills and pumps, his factory being on Aliso
street. Some of the wind-mills that he made
are still standing in Southern California. At a
later period he sold hydraulic pumps and gaso-
line and steam engines, selling the same in Riv-
erside, San Bernardino and San Diego counties,
and as far to the north as Santa Barbara and
Ventura. By means of a water rod he located
many wells, which he understood forty years
ago, but did not apply the principle until some
years after he came to Los Angeles. To him is
due the credit for starting the first artificial
water-works in Southern California. On ac-
count of having sales in different places, he be-
came familiar with every town in Southern Cal-
ifornia, and had friends everywhere. The last
location of his factory was on Ord and Buena
Vista streets, where he remained until retiring
from business in i8q6.

The real-estate interests of Los Angeles owe
much to the wise judgment of Mr. Green. He
laid out Green tract, comprising seven acres
between Eighth and Ninth, Valencia and Union,
and opened up Green avenue through the block,
Vv'hich he has since built up. His purchase on
the hill in 1873 was the first made there, and
ih rough putting up wind-mills and later building
a water system of his own, he was able to irri-
gate his place and set it out in trees. During
the long period of his residence in the west he
lias seen many changes, and some of them have
been remarkable. At that time freight rates
were so high that the carload of wind-mills he
brought cost him $750 in freight, and for years
afterward he paid rates equally as high. He
recalls vividly the selling of his first mill to
Prudent Beaudry, the first sale he made in Cali-
fornia. At first it was not easy to find cus-
tomers, but after a time, as the people began to
know him personally and feel confidence in his
honor and judgment, his trade increased until
lie had all he could manage. Through his con-
nection with the Society of Los Angeles Pio-
neers, of which he is a charter member, he keeps
in touch with other old settlers and enjoys with
them an occasional meeting to call to mind the

704

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD

flays of auld lang sync. Through much of his
life he was a Republican, but the importance of
prohibition principles led him to ally himself
with the party pledged to oppose the liquor
traffic. Years ago he was for four years a mem-
ber of the city council, during which time he de-
voted two or three days each week to council
duties, but received no wages for his work. The
development of water was one of the perplexing
problems that the councils of those days were
called upon to solve and settle, and there were
other questions almost as difficult and annoy-
ing brought before them for solution. The se-
curing of water for irrigation had reached its
limit without further development and a large
expenditure of money. The only feasible plan
for enlarging the irrigation facilities was to
bring the water from a distance of eight miles,
and this task was accomplished during his term
of office. In religion he has been identified with
the Independent Church of Christ.

The marriage of Mr. Green, in Eaton county,
jNIich., united him with ]\iiss JNIyra C. Halladay.
They have two children: Floyd E., an assayer
and chemist; and Ruth L., wife of David Fer-
guson, of Los Angeles. The Halladays are of
Scotch and Welsh extraction and were early
settlers of Connecticut, going thence to the vi-
cinity of Brattleboro, Vt. Mrs. Green was .1
daughter of David and Nancy (Carpenter) Hal-
laday, natives of Vermont. After she accom-
panied the family to Eaton county, Mich., she
engaged in teaching school for a time. Two
sisters and a brother now live in Ionia county,
Mich., while two brothers, Daniel and Monroe,
reside in Santa Ana, Cal. Among the residents
of Los Angeles Mr. and Mrs. Green have a host
of warm personal friends, who have been at-
tracted to them by their many worthy traits of
character and their prominence among the pio-
neers of the city.

GEORGE W. GOODE. Occupying a posi-
tion among the ranchers of Ventura county, and
especially prominent in the activities of Saticoy
and vicinity, is Mr. Goodc, who came from Cin-
cinnati, Oiiio, to California in 1889, and after
one year near Los .Angeles and San Diego, in
June, 1890. bought his present property near
"Saticoy. The estate Vvhich he bought forms a
portion of the Richards property and comprises
one hundred acres, all under walnuts. .\t this
writing he has fifty-seven acres of soft-shell wal-
nuts, unexcelled as to quality, and the trees are
in a healthy and gratifying condition. The im-
provements on the ranch are of a permanent na-
ture and give evidence of the owner's progres-
sive spirit.

A native of Georgia, Mr. Goode was born
thirty miles southwest of Atlanta August 27,
1841. There and in Alabama he grew to man-
hood. For several years he engaged in the mer-

cantile business in Columbus, Ga. During the
Civil war he was conscripted into the Confeder-
ate army and remained for a year, but as soon
as possible left the Southern army and went
north, in the summer of 1864, not wishing to
take part in the struggle against the Union.
In the beginning of 1865 he joined the Union
army under General Sherman, then in the south-
ern part of South Carolina, which took up its
line of march through the Carolinas. He was
at Columbia when that city was burned by the
Union forces and at or near Goldsboro, N. C.
in the last fighting between the armies of Gen-
eral Sherman and General Johnston, soon after
which the southern forces surrendered and Sher-
man's army was marched to Washington City,
reviewed and disbanded, the regiment to which
he belonged being sent to Camp Denison, near
Cincinnati, and mustered out there.

Settling in Cincinnati, Mr. Goode engaged in
the manufacture of confectionery about twenty
years and met with gratifying success. Since he
left Cincinnati he has devoted his attention to
the raising of walnuts, and is one of the active
members of the Walnut Growers' Association.
His family consists of his wife (whose maiden
name was Ada Lawrence) and one daughter,
Mildred, and they are numbered among the rep-
resentative families of their locality. Among
those who are trying to secure adequate and ex-
tensive means of irrigation Mr. Goode stands
foremost, for he realizes that in California irri-
gation is a problem to be satisfactorily solved
before any community can attain its greatest
prosperity. In politics he is a Republican and
supports the men and measures of his party.

HUGH GLASSELL. The position occupied
by Mr. Glassell as executor of the estate of his
father, the late Andrew Glassell, gives him the
oversight of one of the large and valuable prop-
erties whose accumulation the growth and prog-
ress of Los Angeles county has rendered possi-
ble. Added to the influence given by the man-
agement of so valuable an estate is the prestige
belonging to one bearing the honored name of
Glassell, which is so intimately associated with
the pioneer professional history of Los Angeles
City and calls to mind the talents of one whose
death was a loss to our citizenship.

During the residence in San Francisco of his
parents, Andrew and Lucy (Toland) Glassell,
occurred the birth of their son, Hugh, who was
one of nine children. Born July 11, 1859, he
was about six years of age when the close of
the Civil war brought the family as permanent
residents to Los Angeles. Primarily educated
in grammar schools, he afterward attended the
high school, where he made civil engineering
one of his favorite studies. On leaving school
he went into the field as an engineer and for
five years was employed on the Northern Pa-

^V^.^^>ty^(^^«.<*</J^[/

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECOFD.

707

cific Railroad, mainly as instrument man, al-
though he was gradually advanced from that
position to the important and responsible office
of engineer on construction in charge of a divi-
sion, in which capacity he spent some time in
Washington, Idaho and JNIontana. On quitting
the road he turned his attention to business pur-
suits and for two years conducted a hardware
store in Sprague, Wash.

Returning to Los Angeles in 1887, Mr. Glas-
sell assisted in looking after his father's exten-
sive interests, and on the death of that parent,
January 28, 1901, he became executor of the
estate. His broad experience in this capacity
gives him a thorough knowledge of real-estate
values and brings weight to his opinion on sub-
jects pertaining to property in this part of the
state. Politics has as yet never engaged his at-
tention, and aside from voting the Democratic
ticket he takes no part whatever in municipal
afifairs. Of his first marriage one son, Andrew,
was born. His second wife, Anita M., is a
daughter of J. A. Kelly, a former county re-
corder of Los Angeles, where she was reared
and educated. Mr. and Mrs. Glassell make their
home in Los Angeles, and have an extended ac-
quaintance among the residents of this city.

HENRY H. KLAMROTH, B. S., LL. B.
The descendant of a long line of worthy Ger-
man ancestors. Judge Klamroth was born in
New York City, at No. 64 St. Mark's Place, Oc-
tober II, i86g. His father, Albert, was a son
of Rev. Henry Klamroth. who was a minister in
the Lutheran Church and a lifelong resident of
Germany. Albert attended the University of
Berlin, from which he was graduated. On ac-
count of the prominent part that he bore in the
revolution of 1847-48, it became unsafe for him
to remain in his native land, and accordingly he
escaped to England, coming thence to the
United States. Subsequently he became one of
the leading citizens of New York City, whose
German population owes a debt of gratitude to
his high citizenship and constant efforts in its
behalf. Indeed, Germans there and elsewhere
are under lasting obligations to such men as he
and William Steinway, the head of the great
piano house, also Oswald Ottendorfer, the pro-
prietor of the Nci<' York Staafs Zcitun^. all nf
whom, while manifesting the deepest loyalty to
the country of their adoption, yet made unceas-
ing efforts to promote the welfare of the Ger-
man residents of America. For years he had
control of all the advertisements, in foreign lan-
guages, in all papers published in the United
States. While his career is principally associ-
ated with New York, he is also remembered
as one nf the founders of the Teachers' Seminary
in Milwaukee. As a representative of the Ger-
mans of New York, he served on the "committee
c)l seventy," whose efforts were successtul in

bringing defeat to the Tweed ring. While a
member of the board of education in New York
City, he was instrumental in introducing the
study of the German language in the public
schools there. It was frequently commented
upon that, while a foreigner by birth and. train-
ing, his English was unsurpassed in its purity,
nor was his command of other languages less
thorough. After becoming a citizen of this
country he always cast his vote with the Repub-
lican party. In religion he adhered to the Lu-
theran faith, with which his ancestors had been
identified since the days of the Refonnation.
At the time of his death, which occurred in
189 1, at sixty years of age, he was serving as
professor of German language and literature in
ihe Normal Collesre of New York City.

The wife of Albert Klamroth, Josephine Weis-
mann, was born in New York City, and still
makes her home there. Her father, Hon.' Au-
gustus Weismann, was a native of Stuttgart,
Germany, who settled in New York and estab-
lished the first German pharmacy there, his
store being on the corner of Broome and Or-
chard streets. He was a member of the first
common council of the city. During the regime
of the committee of seventy he was a candidate
for state senator, and, receiving their support,
gained the election, serving for two terms. In
politics he was a leading Republican. In the
family of Albert and Josephine Klamroth there
were five sons and three daughters, of whom all
are still living except one son. They reside
principally in the east, where one of tlieni, Al-
bert, is assistant secretary of the Mutual Life In-
surance Company of New York. ;

First in the College, and then in the Univer-
sity of the City of New York, Henry H. Klam-
roth received fine educational advantages. In
1888 he was graduated from the university with
the degree of B. S. During his course he was
a member of the Zeta Psi, vice-president of the
senior class, and jrrand marshal of the graduat-
ing exercises. Immediately after completing hi-
university scientific studies he entered the law
department of the same institution, under Pro-
fessor facques and Isaac Russell. Soon after
his graduation in 1890 he passed the state ex-
amination, although he did not receive his cer-
tificate until December, i8qi. While in the
law school he was managing clerk for Smith &
Dougherty, No. 7 Nassau street, with whom he
continued after his admission to the bar. How-
ever, on account of ill health, he was obliged to
relinquish his work in that city, whereupon he
came to California. Since then he has engaged
in the practice of law at Pasadena. IVoni 1899
until the new charter was secured he filled the
office of city recorder. In 1898 he was elected
justice of the peace, io serve from January, 1899,
until January, 190.^. He was the first police
judge to serve under the new charter, and is

708

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

filling that position with striking success. He
has his office at No. 6i East Colorado street.

Typical of the man and his originality of ideas,
as well as his profound interest in humanity, is
one of the plans he has devised while serving as
judge. A nun'ber of boys, charged with petty
crimes, have from time to time been brought
before him. Not wishing to sentence them to
jail, where they would be still further degraded
by contact with hardened criminals, four years
ago he adopted the plan of putting them on a
period of probation, during which time they are
to report to him every week. His appeal to
the honor of the boys has never been made in
vain, and it is a noticeable fact that he has ac-
complished much good among boys of that
class. His new departure in the mode of dealing
with the bad boy question is worthy of emula-
tion by judges in other cities.

In Pasadena, Judge Klamroth was united in
marriage with Miss Ethel Howell, who was
born at Twickenham Ferry, England, and by
whom he has a daughter, Winnifred Gertrude.
In the starting and upbuilding of the Pasadena
hospital he has borne a prominent part, and now
holds office as secretary of the institution. At
one time he was a director of the Pasadena
Board of .Trade. He assisted in the founding
of the Twilight Club and at this writing is its
secretary. A firm believer in Republican [prin-
ciples, he is rendering efficient service as a mem-
ber of the city central committee. Since com-
ing west he has been made a Mason and is con-
nected with Corona Lodge, E. & A. M., of
Pasadena. With his wife, he holds membership
in All Saints' Episcopal Church and contributes
to its benevolences. Since the organization of
the Los Angeles County Mutual Building and
Loan Association of Pasadena, in which he as-
sisted, he has been a member of its board of
directors. Another organization in which he is
interested is the California Historical Society.
He has assisted in the work of Tliroop Poly-
technic Institute by filling the position of in-
structor of music.

WILLIAM RICHARD GRANT. The phil-
osophy of cheerfulness, of strict attention to
business, of liberal-mindedness, and of fair play,
whether as employed or employer, has helped
to make the career of William Richard Grant
successful and popular. In his capacity as chief
engineer of the Santa Barbara Ice Company he
is one of the pillars of the concern, and is pro-
motive of the utmost good feeling and the great-
est amount of industry. He was born near
Cornwall, Glengary county. Canada, August 19,
1856, and comes of a family prominent in the
annals of Scottish history. The great-grandfa-
ther, John, was the emigrating ancestor, and set-
tled in Canada, bringing with him his family,
which included the paternal grandfather, Rich-

ard Nelson. The latter was a lieutenant in the
Canadian militia, and was a cooper by trade, his
manufactory being replenished by timber from
his own lands.

Capt. John A. Grant, the father of William
Richard, was also born in Canada, and was a
prominent man in the northern country. A cap-
tain during the summer months, he not only ran,
but owned boats plying on the St. Lawrence be-
tween Hamilton and Quebec. He was also a
contractor and builder, to which he devoted his
time when the river was locked in ice and navi-
gation suspended. He was rated a master
builder, and received many large and important
contracts, and it was in 1888, while filling one
of these, namely, the government wharf at Ham-
ilton's Island, that he contracted the cold which
resulted in his death, at the age of sixty years.
His wife, Mary (Bethune) Grant, was born in
Canada, a daughter 01 Duncan Bethune, who
came to America when a young man and fol-
lowed the occupation of miller at Cornwall, Can-
ada. The death of the mother occurred five
days after that of her husband. There were nine
children in the family, seven of whom are living,
five sons and two daughters, William Richarcl
being fourth. One of the sons, A. C, is en-
gineer and machinist for the Yellow Astor Com-
pany, at Randsburg, Kern county, Cal., and
was formerly for eight years chief engineer
of the Santa Barbara Electric Company. Dur-
ing the eight years of his service the city was
in darkness for only two hours after night had
set in. Another son, Norman C, is a locomo-
tive engineer on the Iron Mountain Railroad
in Missouri, and yet another son, James, is a
stationary engineer in South Dakota, as is also
his brother, Lawrence.

All of the sons in the Grant family learned
engineering in the shop of their uncle, Alexan-
der McLaughlin, in Cornwall, Canada, and later
gained additional practical experience on their
father's St. Lawrence river boats. William Rich-
:;rd Grant was especially apt at learning the
trade, and from the time that he was able to
walk he accompanied his sire on the boats, and
when twelve years of age could run a craft
from Hamilton to Quebec, barring the rapids.
When about twelve he had to take charge of
his father's dairy farm, and he helped to milk the
eighty cows there. When twenty years of age
he went to St. Paul, Minn., and was later em-
])loyed for nine months on a farm at Northfield,
after which he became identified with the
Osborn Manufacturing Company in Minneapo-
lis, and while there became an expert on binders
and steam threshers, remaining with the com-
pany for eight years. During that time he
represented the company for three years as
.salesman in the Elk valley, now North Dakota,
fie then purchased an interest in a railroad con-
tracting outfit, and spent two years constructing

y^TUl^^K^^-^^--^:^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

70D

the Great Northern road between Grand Forks
in Dakota and Great Falls in Alontana. How-
ever, this undertaking proved a failure, and he
returned to MinneapoHs the richer by $75 as
reward for many months of hard labor. He then
ran a steam hay press, and in the spring of 1889
went to Seattle, Wash., and contracted for the
construction of the street car line. This venture
.proved a success, and he thereafter engaged in
teaming, for which he had a most complete out-
fit, but this became the prey to flames during the
great fire at Seattle. A later undertaking was
as chief engineer on the sound steamboat or
tug, Virgil Price, under command of Captain
Price, a position which he held until coming
to San Francisco in July of 1892. After being
chief engineer at the Pleasanton Hotel for three
years, he was night engineer for two years and a
half for the Piedmont Railway & Power Com-
pany of Oakland.

June I, 1898, Mr. Grant located in Santa Bar-
bara as chief engineer of the Santa Barbara Ice
Company, and has since greatly improved the
plant, and has invented an oil burner that is
applied and is a distinct success. He has varied
interests apart from his trade, and is carrying on
mining in Randsburg, Kern county. He is a
stanch Republican every day in the year, and is
in religion a Presbyterian. He enjoys the dis-
tinction of being president of the Santa Barbara
Lodge No. 5 of the National Association of Sta-
tionary Engineers, and is fraternally associated
with the Knights of Pythias and the United
Moderns.

The wife of Mr. Grant was formerly Lizzie
McClusky, who was born in San Francisco.

HON. HENRY M. STREETER. There is
perhaps no problem that has confronted the Cal-
ifornia horticulturist more tenaciously or that
has been more difficult of satisfacton,- solution
than the securing of an adecjuate supply of water
for the irrigation of groves and lanches. Dur-
ing the years of his public service, in the halls
of legislature, Mr. Streeter gave special con-
sideration to this subject. After months of care-
ful consideration, he presented to the legislature
a bill empoj\'ering boards of supervisors of coun-
ties and boards of trustees of cities to fix the
rate at which water, both for irrigating and
domestic uses, should be sold. This IdHI at ■
tracted widespread attention, bringing to its su])-
port many of the ablest men of tlie state, but
at the same time arousing such an enmity on
the part of some that a strong lobby was formed
against it. Finally, however, after a hard struggle
the measure was passed by the house and later
by the senate. The lobbyists appealed to the
governor to veto the bill, but the chief exec-
utive, after sending for Mr. Streeter and hearing
from him of the benefits to be derived from its

passage, appended his signature, which made
the measure a state law.

Upon coming to Riverside, in November,
1875, Mr. Streeter began the improven^ent of
an orange grove on West Central avenue. In
1879 he was elected to the assembly from San
Bernardino county, and in 1880 was re-elected
for a term of two years. In the senatorial con-
test he gave his support to Hon. John F. Miller.
As presidential elector in 1888, he went to Sac-
ramento and cast his ballot for Benjamin Har-
rison. The Republicans, in 1896, nominated
him for state senator from San Bernardino and
San Diego counties, and he was elected by a
majority of over sixteen hundred. The follow-
ing year the Riverside county bill was passed in
the senate, but defeated in the house. How-
ever, in 1893, he introduced another bill or-
ganizing Riverside county out of San Bernar-
dino and San Diego counties, and it was passed
in both the house and senate, thus creating Riv-
erside county with its present limits. At the
same time the bill provided for a special election
of county ofificers, which was held in May of
the same year. During the United States sena-
torial campaign of 189 1 he gave his support to
Leland Stanford, who ivas elected. Recogniz-
ing his long and efficient service to the party,
President McKinley, in .\ugust, 1898, tendered
him the appointment of postmaster of Riverside.
For one term he was city trustee and president
of the board, ranking as mayor. For some years
he has served as a member of the school lioard
in the Arlington district.

A. C. GREENWELL. Representative of
true western enterprise, and of that whole-souled
fellowship and success which seems borne in on
the winds from the Pacific, is A. C. Greenwell.
deputy collector of customs for the ports of
Santa I'-arbara and Ventura counties. A native
of San Francisco, he was bom January 17, 1867,
and is a son of Capt. \V. E. Greenwe'll, and the
younger of two children. When but two years
of age he accompanied the rest of the family to
Santa Barbara, where he was educated in the
public schools, and was graduated from the high
school and Santa Barbara college. His first
position in the business world was as book-
keeper for the Commercial Bank of Santa Bar-
bara, after which he became assistant cashier in
Senator Bard's Bank of Hueneme. filling this
position between 1890 and 1894, He then re-
moved to San Francisco, where he remained for
three years, and in 1897 returned to Santa Bar-
bara, where he engaged in the book and sta-
tionery business in partnership with Mr. Mc-
Phail, until his appointment to his present posi-
tion under John C. Cline.

The marriage of Mr. Greenwell and Daisy
Merr>- occurred in \'entura county, Mrs. Green-
well being a daughter of Capt. T. H. Merry, one

710

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of the well-known attorneys of Oxnard. She
was born in California, and was educated in San
Francisco. Three children are the result of this
union, Arthur M., Marjory A. and David Will-
iam. The family live in a beautiful residence
on Bath street, surrounded by fine grounds, the
care and arrangement of which evince the exer-
cise of artistic and nature-loving instincts. Mr.
Greenwell has been prominently before the pub-
lic as a stanch Republican, and is an ex-member
of the county Republican central committee. He
is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce.

C. F. GUTHRIDGE, proprietor of the Key-
stone Milling Company at Los Angeles, was
born in Cable, Champaign county, Ohio, Sep-
tember 12, 1862, a son of Jehu and Elizabeth
(Middleton) Guthridge, natives of Champaign
county, Ohio. The latter was of Scotch de-
scent, and a daughter of William Middleton, a
farmer and native of Ohio. Jehu Guthridge was
also of Scotch descent, and during the greater
part of his life engaged in agricultural enter-
prises in Ohio, whither his father, William, had
removed from his native Pennsylvania. Event-
ually Jehu Guthridge retired from active life
to Urbana, Ohio, where terminated his long
and useful life. To himself and wife were born
ten children, eight of whom attained maturity,
and six of whom are now living, C. F. being
the second youngest child in the family, and the
only one on the coast. The oldest son, William,
served in an Ohio regiment during the Civil
war, and is now living in Chicago. 111., in which
city he is superintendent of the United States
Car Company.

Until his sixteenth year Mr. Guthridge re-
mained on his father's farm in Champaigii
county, in the meantime attending the public
schools of his district. His first knowledge of
business was gained while clerking in a dry-
goods store in Urbana, a position which he
held until 1884. A subsequent line of activity
was as draper for Bowe & Beggs, a large carpet
and curtain house of Columbus, Ohio, where he
remained for seven years. He was then dis-
trict manager for the Mutual Life Insurance
Company, of Franklin county, Ohio, a position
relinquished in 1895, owing to the condition of
ills wife's health. Hoping much from a change
of climate and surroundings, he located in Los
Angeles, and in 1807 bought a half interest with
Mr. Neeland in the Keystone Mills, and in the
spring of 1898 became sole proprietor of the
mills, having bought out his former partner.
The mills are of more than passing interest,
their origin, dating back to 1887, entitling them
lo pre-eminence from Hie standpoint of age over
other mills in the locality. Under the success-
ful management of the present proprietor their
original proportions have been noticeably en-
larged, the capacity per day being now one

thousand sacks, and the machinery a twenty-
five horse-power boiler and eighteen horse-
power engine. Rolled barley, cracked corn and
wheat, besides all kinds of feed, are the com-
modities furnished by this model milling enter-
prise, and a wholesale and retail department is
maintained. Mr. Guthridge is also the posses-
sor of the Main street mill, near the corner of
Eighteenth street, and this may be utilized
should an increase in i)usiness require greater
facilities.

As proof of his faith in the future oil busi-
ness of California, Mr. Guthridge has invested
in different parts of the state, noticeably with
the Central Union Oil Company, operating near
Fillmore, \'entura county. He is a member of
the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, and
is among the enterprising and reliable business
men of the city. In fraternal circles he enjoys
prominence. He was a member of Champion
Lodge No. 581, K. of P., at Columbus, Ohio,
having joined that organization the same even-
ing as did our martyr. President INIcKinley, who
was then Governor of Ohio. Mr. Guthridge is
now a member of Marathon Lodge No. 182,
K. of P., at Los Angeles, and has been raised
to the Uniform Rank, and has been three times
chancellor of the lodge. He is a member of
the Royal Arcanum, D. O. K. K., Al Borak
Temple No. 75, and is Royal Vizier. While liv-
ing in Ohio he was for three years a member of
the Third Regiment, O. N. G., from which he
retired as sergeant. His company saw active
service when called out to quell the Cincinnati
riots. In Los Angeles he is adjutant of the
Third Regiment, with the rank of captain. Po-
Jitically he is a Republican, and has been a dele-
gate to various county conventions. As a moral
influence in the community Mr. Guthridge is
widely known, his association with the Christian
Church resulting in wisely directed philanthropic
undertakings, and liberal contributions to the
maintenance of charities. He is a member of
the board of trustees of the First Christian
Church of Los Angeles.

In Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Guthridge married
Florence Montgomery, who was born in Truro
township, Franklin county, Ohio, and of this
union there are two children, Ralph. A. and Rus-
,sell M.

REV. LUDGER GLAUBER, O. F. M. Al-
though identified with the work of the Roman
Catholic Church in California for a compara-
tively brief period only. Father Glauber has al-
ready made the impress of his personality and
broad knowledge felt throughout the region
where he resides; and in the east, where he was
long and intimately associated with religious
work, he is known as a man of deep consecra-
tion and superior wisdom. After years of suc-
cessful work in the Mississippi valley he was

/i.:P,^ ^^7f

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

transferred, September 12, 19CXD, to the Santa
Barbara Mission Church as rector, superior of
mission, master of novices and consultor or
definitor in the Sacred Heart Province of the
Franciscan Order.

The history of the old mission, which is one
of the landmarks of Spanish supremacy in Cali-
fornia, appears in another part of this volume;
this article therefore will be limited to a reca-
pitulation of important events in the life of the
rector of the mission. He was born in Buffalo,
N. Y., February 9, 1857, and is a son of John B.
and Elizabeth (Hummel) Glauber. His father,
who was born and reared near Trier, Germany,
came to America at the age of twenty-five years
and settled m Buffalo, where he followed the
machinist's trade in Shepherd's iron works for
many years; he died at his home, January 20,
1886.

His wife was bom near Strassburg, in Al-
sace, and died in Buffalo November 29, 1892.
They were the parents of six sons and three
daughters, one of whom. Rev. George J. Glau-
ber, has been pastor of St. Mary Magdalene's
Church, Omaha, Neb., for about twenty-two
years, and another, Ven. Sr. Aegidia Glauber,
O. S. F., has been engaged in charity work about
twenty years at the St. Vincent's Orphan Asy-
lum, Columbus, Ohio.

In St. Boniface parochial school of Buffalo,
Father Glauber received his primary educa-
tion. September 10, 1871, he entered St. Jo-
seph's College at Teutopolis, Effingham county,
111., where he continued in the classical course
for five years, his studies being conducted with
a view to the priesthood in the Franciscan order.
June 29, 1876, he entered upon his novitiate.
Afterward he continued the study of classics
and rhetoric. In August, 1878, he entered the
Franciscan monastery, at Ouincy, III, where he
studied philosophy. From there, in July, 1880,
he was sent to the Franciscan monastery in St.
Louis, where he carried on his theological
studies for two years.

May 28, 1882, Father Glauber was ordained
to the priesthood by the present Archbishop
Ryan of Philadelphia, the solemn ceremony
taking place in St. John's Church, St. Louis.
Subsequent to his ordination he continued for
another year in the study of theology at the
monasters', after which, in July, 1883, he was
sent to St. Joseph's College, Teutopolis, 111., as
a professor, remaining in that connection one
year. Next he was made master of novices in
the Franciscan monastery in the same town,
where he continued in active and successful
work for sixteen years. From Teutopolis he
was transferred to the Pacific coast, arriving in
Santa Barbara November 8, 1900, where he had
been before for two and a half months, on
account of ill health, in the fall of 1890. At once
after his location here he began the discharge of

the duties associated with the pastorate of the
historic old mission in this city.

R. D. COOK. In numerous ways Mr. Cook
has been identified with pioneer undertakings
in different parts of California, and his influence
has ever been cast on the side of progress and
enlightenment. He was born in Clermont
county, Ohio, in 1832, and when eighteen years
of age, March 18, 1850, left the familiar sur-
roundings of his father's farm and started out to
make his own living. For a time he lived in
Warsaw, Hancock county. 111., and while in that
river town learned the carpenter's trade, which
he also followed during the eighteen months of
his residence in Quincy, 111.

Deciding to avail himself of an opportunity to
try his fortune in California, Mr. Cook in 185 1
came from Adams county, 111., paying for his
board and accommodations en route by driving
an ox team. Arriving in Sonoma City, Cal., at
the expiration of a journey of five months and
fifteen days, he continued to live there, follow-
ing the occupations of carpenter and mechanic.
During his ten years' residence in Sonoma
county he set up the first three threshing ma-
chines used in the entire state of California and
in 1852 built the first windmill ever put up in
the state. The residence of Mr. Cook in Santa
Maria, Santa Barbara county, dates from May
28, 1869, when he pre-empted one hundred and
sixty acres of land. Shortly afterward he built
the first house in the town. In the fall of 1869
he established the first school district, from
which small beginning have been developed
forty-two public schools within the limits of the
same region. In 1874 he raised his first good
crop, the grasshoppers having devoured the
crops of the three preceding years. In 1875 he
established a blacksmith's shop, but sold it the
next year to R. Hart. For the past twenty-five
years he has been engaged in the livery busi-
ness, has built two barns, and receives an ex-
tended patronage from all over the surround-
mg country. His establishment is well equipped
with vehicles of all kinds and with an excellent
grade of horses. A bus meets all incoming
trains between here and Guadaloupe, and a
general liverv business is successfully conducted.

The marriage of Mr. Cook, in 1854, united
him with Miss Jinnett Nelson, of Sonoma
county, Cal., who died in October, 1897. Bom
of their union were six children: Ebby, who is
deceased; Mrs. Mary Miller, Mrs. Viola Jones.
Mrs. Ellen Tunnell, Mrs. Emma Devine, and
Fred. Mr. Cook is a Democrat in politics and
takes a warm interest in local affairs, but has
never desired official recognition. Prominent in
fraternal circles, he is a charter member of
Lodge No. 302, I. O. O. F.. in which he has
passed all of the chairs. He is respected by all

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

who know him, and has establislied a firm foot-
ing for himself in his community.

C. M. GIDNEY. As secretary of the Santa
Barbara Chamber of Commerce, Mr. Gidney is
closely identified with one of the organizations
that has proved beneficial to the best interests
of the city. His identification with Santa Bar-
bara dates from 1886. On his arrival, he was
indeed a stranger, not knowing anyone in the
entire town, but he had read much concerning
the climate and resources and was so pleased
with the outlook that, immediately after his ar-
rival, he bought a lot and in a short time had
a residence erected. This house he sold in 1887
and built a larger one, which he occupied until
1896, and then traded it for outside property.
He owns twelve acres in Hope district, where
he makes his home and engages in horticultural
pursuits.

The Gidney family is of English descent. Jo-
seph Gidney, a native of New York City,
removed with his parents to New Brunswick
and settled on a grant of land. In the posses-
sion of C. M. Gidney there is a commission by
King George, dated 1787, showing that Joseph
Gidney was a captain in the New Brunswick
rnilitia. Charles, son of Joseph, was born in
New Brunswick, and became a farmer, at one
time owning the site of the old de la Tour fort,
on St. John's river. About i860 he settled in
Houlton, Me., where he died. Next in line
of descent was Rev. H. O. Gidney, a native of
New Brunswick, and a Baptist clergyman, who
settled in Houlton, Me., in i860, and officiated
as clergyman there until his death, in 1895. His
wife, who bore the maiden name of Martha
Dykeman, was born in New Brunswick, and
now resides in Maine. Her father, Manzer
Dykeman, owned a beautiful homestead on the
St. John's river, to which point Grandfather
Dykeman had moved from New York. The
Dykeman family is of Holland extraction.

The eldest of eight children (all but one now
living), C. N. Gidney was born December 10,
1855, in Cambridge, New Brunswick. He at-
tended the Houlton Academy (now Ricker Clas-
sical Institute), and after graduating began to
teach, which profession he followed for fourteen
years in Aroostook county. Me. At the same
time he had farm interests near Houlton. In
June, 1886, he came to Santa Barbara, and two
months later entered the office of J. J. Perkins,
for whom he acted as bookkeeper and took
charge of the real-estate and insurance depart-
ments, remaining about fourteen years. In July,
1900, he resigned his position to take charge of
the Independent for the estate of the late Will-
iam La Vies, and, in the interests of the heirs,
in January of the next year, sold the paper. In
March, 1901, he was elected secretary of the
Chamber of Commerce. This is the outgrowth

of the Board of Trade and the Business Associa-
tion, which were reorganized as the Chamber of
Commerce and incorporated May 25, 1899. It
has a membership of two hundred and fifty and
is one of the best institutions of its kind in the
country.

In Houlton, Me., Mr. Gidney married Miss
Clara M. Jones, who was born in Hodgdon, that
state. They have four children: Ray M., who is
a graduate of the Santa Barbara Business Col-
lege, at fourteen years of age; Harry D., Lucy
M., and Pearl C.

Since coming to Santa Barbara Air. Gidney
has been affiliated with the Odd Fellows and is
past noble grand of the lodge. He is also a
past officer of the Foresters. In politics he is
independent. From 1892 to 1894 he was a mem-
ber of the city council, where he served as chair-
man of the finance committee, and, during the
absence of Mayor Gaty, he served as acting
mayor for eight months.

LUCIUS DARWIN GATES, owner and pro-
prietor of the Santa Barbara foundry and ma-
chine works, also of the South Side water works,
was born in Valparaiso, Ind., January 18, 1864,
a son of Lorison L. and Nancy (Ingrham) Gates.
His paternal grandfather, Rev. Lorison Gates,
was born in New York, of English descent, and
at an early age settled in Ohio, thence removing
to Indiana, where he gave his active life to the
ministry of the Christian Church. He is still
living, and is now about ninety years of age.
Lorison L. Gates, who was born in Ohio, be-
came a farmer in Indiana, but in 1875 he took
his family to Butte county, Cal., where he fol-
lowed farming. Two years later he located at
Los Alamos, where he bought and conducted a
ranch, and here he died in 1888. His wife, the
mother of our subject, was the daughter of
Scotch parents that lived in Rensselaer county,
Ind., and her father was killed in battle during
the Civil war; she died in Indiana when Lucius
D., the older of her two sons, was six years of
age. The latter, in 1875, came to California
with his father and settled in Santa Barbara
county in 1877, but two years later went to San
Francisco, where he began to learn the machin-
ist's trade in the Pacific rolling mills. Next he
became an apprentice in the Sacramento foundry,
where he became an expert machinist and tool-
maker, remaining there from 1880 to 1884. On
account of the ill liealth of his father, he then
returned to Santa Barbara county, where he
started a machine and repair shop at Los Ala-
mos.

November 26, 1886, Mr. Gates located in
Santa Barbara, where he erected the machinery
for the electric-light plant. In January, 1887,
he established a foundry and machine shop at
Nos. 711-717 Bath street, and this business he
has since conducted. He is now erecting a new

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

715

shop, 50x100 feet, and will put in an additional
engine to assist the eighteen-horse now in use.
The machinery is modern and fitted for its
special purpose. By means of artesian wells, a
supply of water has been secured and a pump-
ing plant established, which furnishes water for
the southern part of the city, and he is owner
of these works, as well as the machinery plant.
His attention is given closely to his business
affairs, and he takes no interest in fraternal so-
cieties, with the exception of the Odd Fellows.
In politics he is a stanch Republican.

The marriage of Mr. Gates, in Santa Barbara,
united him with JMiss E. J. Brooks, who was
born in New York state. They have six chil-
dren, Carrie May, Lucius L., Olive E., Earl I.,
Ralph B. and Barbara.

MRS. PEDDIE FRANKLIN. A resident of
Santa Barbara since 1870, Mrs. Franklin was
bom in Rehoboth, Mass., near Providence, R. I.,
February 13, 1825, and was one of ten children,
all but one of whom attained mature years and
five are now living. Her father, Noah Bliss,
was a son of Noah and Peddie (Cushman) Bliss,
and a grandson of Noah Bliss, a descendant
of English ancestors who became early set-
tlers of the Massachusetts colony and bore
a brave part in all of the Indian wars.
These three men who bore the same name were
bom in the same locality in Massachusetts and
engaged in farm work. The father was eighty-
eight at the time of his death. He had married
Olive Medberry, whose father, Abel Medberry,
took part in the Revolutionary war when a mere
boy. He was of English descent, as was also
his wife, whose family name was Carpenter. .\t
the time of her death Mrs. Bliss was seventy-
four years of age.

When about fifteen years of age the subject
of this article secured employment inPawtucket,
R. I., and during a larger part of the eight en-
cuing years she was employed in the weaving
department. In 1848, at Rehoboth, Mass., she
became the wife of William A. Franklin, who
was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., and
received an excellent education in Cazenovia
Seminary. For some years he engaged in edu-
cational work, for which his education and his
tastes admirably fitted him. The year after his
marriage he bought a farm in Seekonk, Mass.,
and became interested in agricultural pursuits.
In 1859 he became a resident of Fall River,
Mass., where he engaged in the hotel business
until 1867. Next he was proprietor of the Park
hotel at Newport, R. I.

Disposing of their eastern possessions, Mr.
and Mrs. Franklin started for California Janu-
ary 5, 1870, making the voyage from New York
to Aspinwall via steamer and then on the Old
Constitution up the Pacific to San Francisco,
where thev arrived Fcbruarv 28. Tliree weeks

later they came to Santa Barbara, and in March
bought seventy acres of wild land, on which no
efifort at improvement had ever been made.
This they at once commenced to improve, and
from time to time sold of? portions of the prop-
erty. Mr. Franklin's tastes were toward literary
pursuits rather than commercial affairs, so he
gave into his wife's hands the management of
much of his business interests, having found her
to be possessed of wise judgment, excellent dis-
crimination and keen intuition. It is therefore
largely to her energy that her present prosperity
is due. In addition to her interests in the west,
she still has capital invested in the vicinity of her
old home. She aided in organizing the Tecum-
seh Manufacturing Company of Fall River,
Mass., and was also one of the organizers of the
Mechanics' jManufacturing Company, of the
same city. Since the death of her husband,
which occurred August 17, 1898, she has con-
Unued to reside at her comfortable home on
franklin avenue, Santa Barbara, where she is
surrounded by all the comforts that her busi-
ness judgment and industry have rendered pos-
sible. Her life, however, has not been without
its sorrows, and she has been especially bereaved
in the loss of all of her children. Her daughter,
Isabelle M., was only four years of age when
called hence by death. The' only son, William
Arthur, was a young man of great promise and
received excellent educational advantages, grad-
uating from the Albany Law School with the
degree of LL.B. Returning to Santa Barbara,
he began the practice of his profession, and was
already known as a promising attorney and a
rising orator when, in 1876, he died at the age
of less than twenty-two years. Tlie youngest
member of the family circle was Annabel Euge-
nia, who was twenty years of age at the time of
her death.

J. B. EASON. The popular hostelry owned
and managed by Mr. Eason at Nordhoff is a
credit to the tov.-n and to the taste and enterprise
of the host. A favorite stopping place for the
tourist and conmiercial traveler, all are here
treated with the utmost tact and consideration,
their rooms are well cared for to the point of
absolute neatness, and the inner man is satisfied
\vith the viands furnished. The hotel has thirty
available rooms, and the price of $2 and $3 per
day is ver\- reasonable when the character of the
accommodations is considered.

The family of which Mr. Eason is a member
have for years been residents of Mississippi, and
worthy and successful farmers. J. B. Eason was
born in that southern state, October 20, i860,
and grew to manhood and received his common-
school education there. While living there he
married Emma, daughter of William and Jennie
Reaves, also of Mississippi. In 1884 he deter-
mined to seek a change of location and occupa-

716

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

tion, impelled to the change by the illness of his
wife and children. He therefore settled in
Nordhoff, Cal., where he remained for a year,
going then to Santa Paula, where he engaged
m the meat business, and resided on an orange
ranch in the lower Ojai valley. From this
line of industry he branched out into the
hotel business, and has since been the proprie-
tor of the Ojai Inn.

To Mr. and Mrs. Eason have been born five
children: Pearl, Reaves, May, Tressie and Wal-
ter. Mr. Eason is the friend and advocate of
education, and is giving his children every pos-
sible advantage. Pearl, the oldest, is now attend-
ing high school, and the other children will
enjoy a similar opportunity. Mr. Eason is a
Democrat in politics, and cast his first presiden-
tial vote for Grover Cleveland. He is asso-
ciated fraternally with the Modern Woodmen of
America.

S. J. EDWARDS. Near Land's End, Corn-
wall, England, S. J. Edwards was born May 14,
1846, a son of William and Elizabeth (Roach)
Edwards, natives of England, the former of
Welsh descent. After having learned the build-
er's trade under iiis father, in 1865 he crossed
the ocean to Halifax county. Nova Scotia, and
the following year settled in Jersey City, N. J.,
wriere with two partners he engaged in sewer
contracting for five years. During the '70s he
settled in Lowell, Mass., where he was foreman
under the street supermtendent in the contract-
ing of the city sewers and other city improve-
ments. Later he became superintendent of the
work, but resigned to accept a similar position
in Lawrence, Mass., where he remained three
years. For a year he was superintendent in
the construction of the water works in South
Shore, Quincy and Cohasset, Mass. In 1887 he
came to California, settling in Pasadena, where
he was a pioneer in sewer building and was su-
perintendent in the laying of the first pipe and
sewer in the city system. The close of the
boom brought a cessation in all improvements,
and he then went to Utah, where he was
engaged in the construction of the water works
and reservoir of Salt Lake City. Returning to
Pasadena after a vear, he worked for the North
Pasadena Land and Water Company, and later
was with J. DeBarth Shorb for two years. With
Hughes & Meyer, in 1893, he became interested
in the construction of the Los Angeles outfall
sewer as foreman of construction on the two
sections, which proved a most important and
responsible work, but was successfully com-
pleted.

As a member of the firm of Hughes Sz Ed-
wards, the senior partner being J .13. Plughes,
Mr. Edwards engaged in sewer building and
cement work in Pasadena, Los Angeles and
other places, the two men continuing together

until 1899. In the fall of 1900 the firm uf Ed-
wards & Halloway was organized, since which
time they have engaged in street grading, sewer
building and cement work. While living in
Massachusetts he married Aliss Edna Bryant,
who was born in New Hampshire. They have
two sons, William Bryant and Albert E., both of
Pasadena. While in Halifa.x Mr. Edwards was
made a Mason, later transferring his member-
ship successively to Jersey City, Lowell and
Pasadena. He joined the Royal Arch in Jersey
City, and is now connected with Crown Chapter
No. 72, R. A. M., of Pasadena, in which he is
past high priest. Since coming to Pasadena he
has joined the commandery, in which he is cap-
tain-general. In Temple Lodge of Perfection
he is senior warden, in Rose Croix Council
served as junior warden, and is master of cere-
monies in the Temple of Kodosch, thirtieth de-
gree. Besides these various degrees of Ma-
sonry, he is connected with Eastern Star, and his
wife is worthy matron of the order. Both are
members of the Amarath and in religious asso-
ciations are identified with the Methodist Epis-
copal Church. In politics he is a Republican.

WILLIAM BRYANT EDWARDS. Since
1887 a resident of Pasadena, W. B. Edwards was
born in Lowell, Mass., December 12, 1875, and
was therefore almost twelve years of age when
he accompanied his father, S. J. Edwards, to
California. His education was completed in the
Pasadena high school, after which he studied
architecture in this city, later going east, where
lie was a student and working in offices. Since
tlien he has followed the occupation of architect
and superintendent of building, and his work is
of such a character that there are constant de-
mands upon him for contracts by those who
recognize his superior ability and unusual attain-
ments. In the designing of residences he has
displayed great taste and skill, his plans combin-
ing utility, convenience and beauty. Among
the houses which he has designed are some of
the most beautiful now to be seen in this fair
city of the Vv-est, which boasts the possession of
homes than which no handsomer can be found
in any American city. In the building up of the
city, by the establishment of a high s'tandard of
architecture, he has borne an important part.
It is his aim to select and originate designs which
will be in harmony with the environment, so
that the fair-smiling valley, the grand old moun-
tains and the homes themselves may all pre-
sent an harmonious aspect to the visitor and
resident, and thus make of the city an abode of
beauty that, in the providence of God, "will be
a joy forever."

Besides his alnlity as an architect Mr. Ed-
wards possesses considerable nuisical taste, is
himself a fine tenor singer, and now officiates
as leader of the choir in the Bajitist Church. In

J^ThYzAM'-^'^ .

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

719

Pasadena he married Miss Jessie Linola Bald-
win, who was born in Iowa. Fraternally he is
connected with Pasadena Lodge No. 272, F. &
A. M., and has been raised to the degrees of
chapter, council and Temple Lodge of Perfec-
tion, of all of which he acts as organist.

HON. JOHN ADAMS. The genealogy of
Mr. Adams of Pasadena indicates his descent
from one of the F. F. Vs. His father, John,
and grandfather, Zachariah Adams, were natives
of the Old Dominion and served respectively in
the war of 1812 and the Revolutionary struggle.
For many years the father carried on a farm
near Somerset, Pulaski county, Ky., but finally
retired from active cares to enjoy the comfort's
accumulated by a long life of toil. At the time
of his death he was almost ninety years of age.
His wife, Elizabeth, was a daughter of Hezekiah
Clemmons, a soldier from A^irginia in the
Revolutionary war and descended from one of
the oldest families of that state. She was born
there and died in Kentucky. Of the nine chil-
dren comprising the family John alone survives.
One of the brothers, Charles, was a soldier in
the Mexican war and died while at the front
with the army.

At the family homestead in Pulaski county,
Ky., John Adams was born June i, 1819. When
fifteen years of age he accompanied an older
brother to Rush county, Ind., where relatives
resided, and there he remained for two years.
From Indiana, in company with the same
brother, he went to Illinois, making the journey
by ox-team and passing through Chicago dur-
ing the year (1837) when the name of Fort
Dearborn was replaced by that now in use.
Reaching Winnebago county, the brother
squatted on land which he afterwards entered
when it came into market near Trask Ferry and
with him our subject remained until 1840, when
he crossed the line to Wisconsin. For a time
he was interested in mining and merchandising
at Dodgeville, and from there removed to West
Blue Mound (generally known as Pokerville),
Wis., where he was the first merchant and the
first stock dealer. Chicago was the nearest
market and he was accustomed to drive several
hundred head of cattle to that point, two hun-
dred miles distant, bringing the cash back with
him. When he first bought goods in New York,
checks and drafts were not in vogue and he was
obliged to carry gold, at one time having $9,000
in gold on an eastern trip. The goods pur-
chased did not reach their destination until three
months after shipment, being in early days sent
via the Mississippi to Galena and hauled from
there; while later they came via canal and lake
to Milwaukee, and thence by teams.

Removing to Black Earth, Wis., in 1863, Mr.
Adams opened a general store and also began
to deal in stock and grain. The railroad had
just been completed and had given the town an

mcentive to progress previously unknown. In
1868 he was elected to the state legislature of
Wisconsin and was re-elected in 18^ and 1870,
serving with conspicuous fidehty and intelli-
gence. During 1874 and 1875 he served as
sheriff of Dane county, filling the position with
such ability that, had the state law permitted
re-election to the office, he would undoubtedly
have been chosen to succeed himself. In 1882
and 1883 he was a member of the state senate
representing the twenty-sixth senatorial district,
during which time the law was changed to
biennial sessions. After 1875 he no longer en-
gaged in mercantile pursuits, but concentrated
his attention upon the buying and selling of
farm lands, owning more land than any other
property holder of Dane and Iowa counties.
Wis. In addition he had farms in Iowa. As
long as he remained in Wisconsin he was prom-
inent in the Democratic party, assisting in state
committee and convention work, and aiding in
many ways the progress of his party. Decem-
ber 24, 1890, he came to California, and now
owns and occupies a comfortable home at No.
619 North Madison avenue, where he has well-
kept grounds and two acres in fruit.

In Dodgeville, Wis., in December, 1846, oc-
curred the marriage of John Adams and Miss
Eliza Blanchard, who was born in Cortland
county, N. Y., January 19, 1832, and grew to
womanhood in Wisconsin. One of her brothers,
Alvin Blanchard, was the founder of Blanchard-
ville. Her father, Asahel Blanchard, settled on a
farm near Dodgeville in an early day and some
years afterward was accidentally killed in a run-
away accident. Nine children were born to the
union of Mr. and Mrs. Adams, and five of these
are living. Charles died at Black Earth, Wis.,
and George in Colorado Springs, Colo., while
two died in infancy. Those surviving are Alva,
John, Jr., Frank, Elizabeth and William H., all
residents of Colorado except the daughter, who
is with her parents in Pasadena. John, Jr., is
an extensive cattleman in the San Juan country ;
Frank, also a large rancher, is now president
of the fire and police board in Denver; William
H., who has large cattle interests in the San Juan
country, represented that district in the state
legislature one term and for the past fourteen
years has been a member of the state senate.
Perhaps the most distinguished member of the
family is Hon. Alva Adams, ex-governor of
Colorado, who was born in Wisconsin May 14,
1850, and has made his home in Colorado since
1871. His first work there was hauling ties
from the mountains south of Denver for the
building of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad,
then in process of construction. Later he be-
came a hardware merchant in Colorado Springs,
in which he has been engaged much of the time
since at different points, now being located at
Pueblo, Colo. In 1876 he was elected from Rio
Grande county to the state legislature; in 1886

720

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

was elected governor, and again, in 1896, was
the successful candidate for that high ofiBce, be-
ing one of very few governors who have re-
ceived re-election at the hands of the people.
As chief executive he was noted for his careful
oversight of the state's finances, his close ex-
amination of every bill demanding an appro-
priation and his prompt rejection of such as
were not wholly praiseworthy. The high char-
acter of his two administrations won him
honor in his own state and elsewhere, and he
is recognized as one of Colorado's most emi-
nent men.

ALDEN R. DODWORTH. For several
generations the Dodworth family was identified
with the manufacturing interests of Sheffield,
England, where various representatives en-
gaged in the manufacture of cutlery, the princi-
pal product of that old town. From there
Thomas Dodworth brought his family to
America and settled in New York City, where,
with his four sons, he organized the first suc-
cessful and well-known band in the city. There
are still living those who can recall the Dod-
worth band as the favorite at all leading social
and political functions. Upon the death of the
organizer of the band its leadership fell to the
hands of his son, Allen, a native of Sheffield,
England, and the inheritor of pronounced mu-
sical ability. In conjunction with this work, he
organized and conducted the Dodworth dan-
cing school on Broome street, it being the first
institution of the kind in New York City.
Among his pupils were the children of many
social leaders, and some of those whom he
taught the art of the muse Terpsichore have
themselves since become prominent in the most
aristocratic circles of the country. He contin-
ued at the head of this school until his death, in
1896, at the age of seventy-eight years. Since
then the institution has been continued by rela-
tives, and is now conducted by a nephew, T.
George Dodworth, and a grandson, Arthur
Dodworth, the present headquarters being at
No. 13 East Forty-ninth street, between Madi-
son and Fifth avenues.

The wife of Allen Dodworth was Calanthe E.
Raymond, who was born in Westchester
county, N. Y., the daughter of a pioneer mer-
chant of New York City, and is now making
her home in Ocean Park, Cal. Of her two
children, A. R. is a resident of Pasadena, Cal,
and Frank is proprietor of a dancing school in
Brooklyn, N. Y. The older of these sons, who
forms the subject of this article, was born at the
family residence on Broome street. New York,
July 16, 1842. When a boy he attended gram-
mar school No. 42, on Greenwich avenue, and
the knowledge there obtained was supplemented
by study in the University of the City of New
York, from which he was graduated. At the

opening of the Civil war he was a member of
Company E, Seventh New York state militia,
which was mustered into the government serv-
ice and sent to Baltimore, thence to Frederick
City, and supported the Second Rhode Island
Battery in the battle of Gettysburg. During
the riots in New York they were called back
to the city, where they aided in quelling the
disturbance, and were then honorably dis-
charged.

Mr. Dodworth went to the oil regions around
Oil Creek in 1865 and for nine and one-half
years he successfully engaged in the oil busi-
ness, abandoning the same only on account of
its injurious effect upon his health. During
that time he became known as one of the most
scientific and expert producers in the region,
and the high degree of success which he at-
tained was justly merited through his intelligent
supervision and indomitable energy. Believing
that the climate of North Carolina would prove
beneficial to his health, he bought land and set
out a vineyard at Ridgeway, that state, where
he remained five and one-half years, meantime
cultivating his sixty acres of vines. For the
three and one-half years ensuing he made his
headquarters in Cologne, Europe, meantime
traveling all over the continent and into the
British possessions, visiting points of historic
interest and studying the various governments
and peoples. On his return to the United
States he remained for a time in New York
City and East Orange, N. J., after which, in
1889, seeking a location that would combine
beauty of scenery with perfection of climate,
he came to Pasadena, Cal., which is his present
home. Here he erected a residence on Terrace
Drive and West Colorado avenue, invested in
real estate and improved various properties.
In 1901 he completed the Dodworth block,
which is the finest building of its kind in the
city, and contains all modern improvements
and appliances. To its other advantages it adds
that of a central location, on the corner of Colo-
rado and Fair Oaks avenue. The building,
58x100, is of white pressed brick, finished in
quartered oak, and is five stories in height, con-
taining five store rooms and forty-two offices,
the service in which is rendered first-class by
means of an electric elevator. Besides his Pasa-
dena interests he owns stock in various mining
properties in Southern California, notable
among these being his interest in the American
Girl and American Boy property at Ogilby, on
the Southern Pacific road.

The marriage of Mr. Dodworth united him
with Miss Sarah Sutherland, who was bom and
reared in New York City. They are the par-
ents of four children: Florence, of Pasadena:
Cally, wife of C. B. Scoville, of Chicago; Lil-
lian, who married E. J. Pyle, assistant cashier
of the Pasadena National Bank; and -A.rthur

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

721

Allen, who is connected with the Dodworth
Dancing School in New York City. Excep-
tional advantages were given to the daughters
and son, not only through their attendance at
New York schools, but also through their
studies and travels abroad.
" Under the influence of his father, who was a
stanch old-line Democrat, Mr. Dodworth was
reared in a belief of that party's principles, and
he has never ceased to support them in national
elections. However, in local matters he be-
lieves the standing and character of the candi-
date to be of more importance than his opin-
ions concerning tariff, imperialism, currency
and other national issues, hence he is inclined
to be independent in municipal elections. Dur-
ing his residence in Oil City^, Pa., he was initi-
ated into Masonry, and is now connected with
Corona Lodge, F. & A. M., of Pasadena, also
the chapter here, and the thirtieth degree Scot-
tish Rite.

It is to the citizenship of such men as Mr.
Dodworth that Pasadena owes its high stand-
ing among the cities of Southern California
and its prestige as the home of people of the
highest culture and refinement. In many ways,
but chiefly through the erection of the finest
business block in the city, Mr. Dodworth has
promoted the prosperity of the place and en-
hanced its importance among neighboring
towns. At the same time his honorable course
in business, his courteous bearing, and his lib-
eral citizenship have given him the confidence
of the entire community and a high place in the
regard of all his associates.

MRS. MARY G. BANTA-JONES. As one
of the pioneers of Pasadena Mrs. Banta-Jones
has been ultimately associated with and deeply
interested in the progress of this popular west-
ern city. She was born at Sacket Harbor, N. Y.,
a daughter of David and Mary (Smith) Hooper,
the former born at Sacket Harbor, and the lat-
ter near Hartford, Conn. The Hooper family
was founded in America by her grandfather,
Robert Hooper, an Englishman who settled at
Sacket Harbor. From the latter city David
Hooper removed to Ohio and spent his last
years near Norwalk. While the support of his
family was derived from his labors as a tiller
of the soil, much of his time was given to min-
isterial work and almost every Sunday he
preached for some congregation that was too
poor to engage a salaried minister. All of his
preaching was done gratuitously and for the
good of the cause. After his death his wife
came to California and died in Pomona. Her
parents, Jedediah and Mary Smith, were of
New England birth and ancestry; the former
fought in the battle of Sacket Harbor and after
the Revolution had ended he engaged in farm-

ing near the spot where that historic engage-
ment had occurred. In later life he removed to
Ohio, where he died near Norfolk.

In the family of Rev. David Hooper there
were seven daughters and one son who attained
mature years. The latter, Sidney, enlisted in
the Union army at the opening of the Civil war,
w^ent to the front with his regiment from Ohio,
and died in a hospital in Georgia. Only two of
the daughters are now living. ]Mary G. Hooper,
who was second among the children, was eight
years of age when the family went to Ohio and
settled near Norwalk, Huron county. A few
years later, while still a mere girl, she became
the wife of Isaac Banta, who was born near
Amsterdam, N. Y., of a Holland-Dutch family
long identified with New York. For many
years Mr. Banta not only followed farming on
a large scale (owning six farms and employing
twenty-two hands), but he also carried on a
large contracting business, and afterward con-
ducted a hotel in Norwalk. With the hope that
California climate would benefit his health,
which had become impaired through overwork,
he came to Pasadena in 1882. With the aid of
Mrs. Banta he started the first hotel in this city
and then built the Los Angeles house on the
present site of the First National Bank (Fair
Oaks and Colorado), continuing as proprietor
of this hotel until 1887. While visiting his old
home in Norwalk, Ohio, he died in 1888, and
his remains were interred there. Of his four
children, Mrs. Lucy Pierce of Pasadena is the
only survivor, George having died at twenty-
three, Jennie at twenty-four and Martha at
eighteen years of age. After the death of Mr.
Banta his widow erected a beautiful home at
No. 408 North Fair Oaks avenue and in it she
has since resided. February 13, 1902, she be-
came the wife of L. C. Jones, who was born in
Deerfield, Franklin county, Alass., a son of
Lorenzo W. and Mary Ann (Williams) Jones.
His father, who was born in Deerfield and died
in South Dakota, followed the carpenter's trade.
The Jones family is of Puritan stock and Welsh
descent. Mrs. Mary Ann Jones was born at
Charter Oak, Conn.', daughter of Daniel Wil-
liams, and a member of the family made famous
by the history of Roger Williams. Her death
occurred in Illinois. Of her five sons and one
daughter, four sons are now living, Mr. Jones
being the third in order of birth. Born in
1835, he remained in Alassachusetts until he
attained his majority, meantime attending dis-
trict schools and Deerfield Academy.

Following the throng of resolute pioneers
who were beginning to populate tlie vast prai-
ries of the central west, in 1856 Mr. Jones went
to Ogle county, 111., where he broke a tract of
raw prairie land, put up needed buildings, and
transformed a wild acreage into a valuable es-
tate. After twenty-six years in the same loca-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

tion he removed to Iowa and engaged in the
mercantile business at Storm Lake. From
there, in 1892, he came to CaHfornia, where he
has since improved an orchard of twenty acres
at La Canada, whicli, in conjunction with a son,
he still owns. While living in Ogle county, III,
he was married at Oregon, that county, to Miss
Jane Wadsworth, who was born in Manchester,
111., and died in Iowa. The six children born
of their union are as follows: Mrs. Lettie Wav-
ier, who died in Minnesota; Herbert R., a trav-
eling salesman with headquarters at Minneap-
olis; Mrs. Mittie V. Rogers, who died in Los
Angeles; Willard F., a business man in Wash-
ington; Charles C, who is in partnership with
his father in the ownership of the La Canada
ranch; and Mrs. Grace E. Little, of Los An-
geles. Fraternally Mr. Jones is connected with
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and
politically is a firm believer in Republican prin-
ciples. Of this party Mrs. Banta-Jones is also
a member, and, while not having the right of
franchise, has nevertheless wielded considerable
influence in the party's behalf. In religious
connections she affiliates with the Christian
Church, while Mr. Jones is associated with the
Methodist Episcopal denomination.

EDWIN CAWSTON. Throughout South-
ern California Mr. Cawston is known as the
proprietor of the South Pasadena Ostrich farm,
while in many parts of the United States his
name is known as that of the first importer of
the birds to this country. In 1887 he brought
fifty-two ostriches from South Africa. The
journey was memorable for many reasons, but
chiefly on account of its many anxieties and re-
sponsibilities. From the time of purchasing
the birds the new owner found himself con-
fronted by difficulties, among which were the
heavy export taxes at Cape Colony. When at-
tempting to ship from Natal he was confronted
by ironclad freight rules, and finally chartered
his own sailing ship and made the voyage in that
way. Not only did the trip prove a hard one for
the ostriches, but they were also affected by the
change of climate, and never thrived under
Southern California skies as they had in the
sands of South Africa. To-day not one of the
fifty-two survives. However, their offspring
seemed in no wise injured by the troubles of
the parents, but are in every respect as healthy
and contented as their cousins in the old world.

During the first eight years Mr. Cawston
found the business a constant struggle, as con-
siderable experimenting had to be done, and
this naturally proved quite costly. Moreover,
the climate at Norwalk, where he started his
farm, did not prove entirely satisfactory, but
since 1895, when he removed to a ten-acre tract
at South Pasadena, the fortunes of the business

have improved, and the farm is one of the fa-
mous show places of Southern California, al-
most all of the tourists from the east now visit-
ing here in order to see and study the ostriches.
At various times he has experimented in raising
flocks elsewhere, but a few experiments in
Northern California convinced him that climate
was unsuitable. One hundred were sent to
Florida, thirty to Flot Springs, Ark., and one
thousand to Arizona. These experiments show
that Phoenix furnishes the most ideal climate
for breeding and raising, and accordingly he
keeps a large number there at all times. His
latest experiment is especially interesting, be-
cause through it ostriches have now been intro-
duced into Europe. In 1901 he made arrange-
ments to ship forty birds from New York to
the south of France, where, January 15, 1902,
he opened a farm between Nice and Monte
Carlo. As he was the pioneer ostrich-raiser in
America, so, too, he was the first to conceive
the idea of raising the birds in Europe, and
ihere is every reason to believe that his inde-
fatigable energy, thorough knowledge of the
business and famiHarity with the habits of the
birds will enable him to achieve gratifying suc-
cess and make of his farm one of the favorite
resorts of southern France.

In his work Mr. Cawston has the advantage
of cosmopolitan knowledge and wide travel.
Of English birth, a graduate of Charterhouse
College in London, he is a member of an old
English family. His father is a member of the
London Stock Exchange, and his brother,
George, has been for some years a director in
the South African Company, of which the late
Cecil Rhodes was the distinguished head. He
himself has traveled through much of the
world, has gained a broad knowledge of men
and nations, and has always kept posted con-
cerning international problems. However, his
attention is given closely to his chosen occupa-
tion, tlie gaining of success in which has been
his ambition and most cherished hope, and it is
a matter of gratification to all familiar with his
self-sacrificing devotion to the industry that he
has now placed it upon a substantial basis and
lias achieved the success which he iustlv merits.

WILLIAM TENHAEFF. Although born
and reared in another country, Mr. Tenhaeflf
is a patriotic American and gives loyal alle-
giance to our national institutions and the gov-
ernment of the United States. With a fervent
love for the stars and stripes, he believes that
no colors equal in beauty and meaning the red,
white and blue. He was born in Prussia, Feb-
ruary 9, 1826, being a son of Frederick and
Johanne (Osterman) Tenhaeff, natives of Prus-
sia and lifelong residents of that kingdom. Of
eleven children comprising the family, five are

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

725

living, and two of these have crossed the ocean
to America. Following the usual German cus-
tom, William was confirmed at fourteen years of
age and at the same time left school to take up
life's active duties. In 1854 he left his native
land, taking passage on a sailing vessel at Rot-
terdam and proceeding to New Orleans, thence
up the Mississippi to St. Louis, and from there
to La Prairie, Adams county. 111., where, in 1855,
he opened a general store. Within a few years
he had built up a profitable trade among the
farmers of that section, and, being of an eco-
nomical disposition, he accumulated consider-
able property. Meantime he became well
known through his familiarity with public af-
iairs, his capacity for leadership, and his high
standing among German-Americans. Among
the local offices to which, he was elected were
those of supervisor, township treasurer and
school treasurer. A further tribute to his pop-
ularity was paid him when the members of his
party (Republican) nominated him for the state
senate. The district being strongly Demo-
cratic, he failed of election, but maintained an
excellent record at the polls. In 1865 he re-
turned to Prussia in order to attend the cele-
bration of the golden wedding of his parents,
and enjoyed a pleasant visit with his relatives
and former associates. On his return to Amer-
ica he relinquished business pursuits and gave
his attention entirely to agriculture. Two farms
were improved under his supervision, one con-
taining two hundred and forty acres and the
other two hundred and sixty acres. In addition
to the raising of farm products, he made a spe-
cialty of stock-raising and shipped large con-
signments to the Chicago markets. To provide
pasturage for his cattle a large amount of land
was necessary, and in this way he utilized at
times as much as twelve hundred acres. In 1893
he disposed of his property in Illinois and came
to California, where he now makes his home on
South Fair Oaks avenue, Pasadena.

The marriage of Mr. Tenhaefif united him
with Miss Eva Kaufmann. who was born in
Germany, and died in Pasadena March 3, 1900,
leaving five children, viz. : Anna, who is with
her father in Pasadena; Mrs. Mary Eisele, of
Quincy, 111.; Alexander, of Pasadena; Leo-
pold, who is employed on the Salt Lake Rail-
road; and Clara, at home. Mrs. Tenhaeff was
a member of the Lutheran Church, and Mr.
Tenhaeff is of the Evangelical faith. Since be-
coming a citizen of the United States he has
always voted the Republican ticket and advo-
cated the party's principles. Stanchly in favor
of the abolition of slavery, he aided in the work
through his membership in the Union League,
and no one in his community was more eager
than he to encourage the soldier and aid the
widows and children of those who fell while
fighting for the country.

WILLIAM D. DILWORTH, M. D. The
physical ills to which the residents of Oxnard
fall heir are skillfully and conscientiously ad-
justed by Dr. Dihvorth, who has succeeded in
building up a large practice extending through-
out the entire valley. He was born in Chicago
in 1871, and is the eldest child of Benjamin and
Alice (AlcClellan) Dihvorth, natives respectively
of Ireland and Canada. The father was a con-
tractor and builder in Chicago, and before and
after the great fire put up many of the large
buildings in that city.

When a mere child Dr. Dihvorth left Chicago
and went to Sterling, 111., where he received his
education, and where he lived until 1887. He
then returned to Chicago and entered the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, from which he
was graduated with the class of 1894. The
family, in which there were five children, came
to California in 1887, and after his graduation
Dr. Dihvorth joined them at Pasadena. He
there engaged in practice for a year with Dr.
N. A. Dalrymple, and then located in Hueneme,
where he practiced successfully about five years.
From there he came to Oxnard in October of
1900, and has already become prominently
identified with the professional and other inter-
ests of the place. For the convenience of his
practice he has constructed a pleasant and well-
equipped office in the public square.

January 20, 1900, in Los Angeles, Dr. Dil-
worth married Miss Laura M. Dunn, who was
born in California and is a daughter of J. M.
Dunn. In politics Dr. Dihvorth is a Republican,
and is fraternally associated with the Masons,
which organization he joined in Hueneme. In
the estimation of those who know him the
doctor is destined for a brilliant professional
career, suggested by his close application to the
best tenets of medical science, his natural
aptitude, and his decided personal qualifications.

BYRON LISK. The Pasadena Milling
Company, which was founded by Mr. Lisk in
1889, is one of the leading business houses of
the city, and occupies a stone building, 75x170
feet, the plant being operated by a boiler of
twenty-five and an engine of fifteen horse-
power. The location of the mill is California
street and Raymond avenue, and among its
productc are rolled barley, cracked corn, corn
meal, graham flour and feed meal. In the job-
bing of local and northern flour an extensive
trade has been established. For the conven-
ience of shipping a siding has been built to con-
nect with the Santa Fe Railroad. At the time
of starting the business, in July, 1889, Mr. Lisk
i)ought out the plant of the old Pasadena Mill-
ing Company. Two years later a former part-
ner, George P. Lyman, joined him, and they
continued together for a time, when a brother
of Mr. Lisk bought out Mr. Lyman's interest,

726

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and the present tirni of Lisk Bros, was thus
organized.

The Lisk family are of Quaker descent and
remote Enghsh and German Hneage. Israel,
son of James Lisk, was born in Albany county,
N. Y., and was a strict adherent to the Society
of Friends. His son, Anson, likewise a native
of New York, removed to a farm in Michigan,
and later settled at Onarga, III, where he died.
In Albany county, N. Y., his wife, Garretie
Shear, was born and reared, a daughter of Ste-
phen Shear, a Quaker, whose last days were
spent in Virginia. She is still living, and makes
her home in Pasadena. In spite of her eighty
years, she retains to a large degree her physical
faculties. Of her marriage there were two sons,
Byron and Allen G., and both of them reside in
Pasadena, w'here they are connected in busi-
ness.

In Edwardsburg, Cass county, Mich., Byron
Lisk \vas born February 25, 1850. From nine
years of age he was reared in Illinois. His edu-
cation was largely received in the Onarga high
school and the University of Illinois at Cham-
paign. At eighteen years of age he began to
teach in district schools, being at the head of
one school for five successive winters. Not de-
siring, however, to continue educational work
permanently, he removed to Roberts, Ford
county, 111., where, as a member of the firm of
Lyman & Lisk, he started a hardware, furniture
and lumber business. Later Mr. Harding was
admitted to the firm, and at a subsequent date
the title was changed to Lisk Bros., continuing
as such until 1888, when Mr. Lisk came to
Pasadena. During his residence in Illinois he
served as supervisor of Lyman township. Ford
county, as township treasurer, member of the
school board, and as postmaster of Roberts, in
all of which positions he faithfully conserved
the interests of the people. At the same time,
with his brother, he operated two creameries
successfully for si.x years, these varied business
and official interests making his life a very busy
one.

In Illinois Mr. Lisk married Miss Alice Hen-
derson, who was born in Ohio. They have eight
children, namely: Mrs. Minnie Nettleton, of
San Francisco; Mrs. Lucina Turner, of Pasa-
dena; Mrs. Alice Lacy, of Pasadena; Grace,
Ouina, Anson, George and Irene. Politically
Mr. Lisk is a Republican, fraternally is con-
nected with the i)lue lodge of Masons at Pasa-
dena, and along business lines holds member-
ship in the Board of Trade. On the organiza-
tion of the Pasadena Orange Growers' Asso-
ciation he became a charter member, and has
since officiated as vice-president and a director.
Besides owning interests in various ranches,
he is the sole owner of twenty-five acres in
North Pasadena, which he has planted in
oranges and deciduous fruits. For six years

he has been vice-president of the North Pasa-
dena Land and Water Company, in which he
is also a director. When the Pasadena High-
land Fruit Association was organized he was
one of the charter members, and has since
been a director, also now holds the office of
president. Another enterprise in which he is
represented on the directorate is the Pasadena
Deciduous Fruit Exchange, which is the
largest and leading packing and local exchange
m this vicinity.

JAMES R. GIBBS, superintendent of the
Santa Barbara Cemetery Association, has an
exhaustive knowledge of all branches of agri-
culture, horticulture, landscape gardening, and
the possibilities of natural development. He
was born in Scotland in 1861, and is a son of
James Gibbs, a prominent Scotch veterinary
surgeon, who served in his professional capac-
ity in the Franco-Prussian war, the result of
his heroism being a wound through the spine
from which he never recovered. For eighteen
years, until his death, he was confined to a bed
of continual suffering. His brother, Charles
Gibbs, was inspector of police in Glasgow, and
through his iniiuence secured a position for
his nephew, James R., with Ross & Wallace,
commission merchants, who sent him to Canada
to buy and ship apples. During the four
years of his association wdth the firm Mr. Gibbs
was so successful that he determined to go into
business for himself. Fie accordingly went to
Detroit, Mich., and formed a partnership with
James White, from Wadingston, Glasgow, an
old fruit man of experience, and they bought
and shipped apples to Glasgow for two years

In 1884 Mr. Gibbs went to Omaha, 'Neb.,
and became associated with J. G. Craig, a
landscape gardener and florist, whose foreman
he eventually became, and when Forest Lawn,
the now beautiful cemetery of Omaha, was
established he became assistant superintendent
under Mr. Craig. Together they took a raw
farm of four hundred and sixty acres and
evolved the delightful landscape effects which
are the pride of the Nebraska capital. In 1897
^Ir. Gibbs came to Santa Barbara and for two
years was associated with C. B. Hale, and in
j\larch of the same year became superintend-
ent of the Santa Barbara Cemetery Associa-
tion. The grounds comprise seventy acres,
and under his capable management the drive-
ways, lawns, shrubbery, and floral effects have
been beautified beyond the expectations which
necessarily accompanied the reputation of Mr.
Gibbs when he came to California. He devotes
all of his time to the work of keeping the ceme-
tery in order. While living in Omaha Mr.
Gibbs married Miss Forsyth, who accompanied
him to California. To Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs
have been born two children, Walter and Jessie.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

737

MARY M. GALLY. A more thoroughly
delightful resting place for the lover of nature
or the physically exhausted could scarcely
be found than Oak Glen Cottages in the Ojai
valley. Here are found all those wonders of
air and sky and verdure for which Southern
California is so famed, and which in their un-
changeableness are unlike the charm of any
other part of the world. The nine cottages con-
stituting the residence part of this ideal resort
nestle in the valley in picturesque and con-
venient arrangement, their roofs and verandas
shaded from the noon-day sun by the sweep-
ing branches of white and live oaks, those
strong and rugged sentinels in the world of
trees. The main building contains the dining
rooms and general recreation rooms, and the
cuisine furnished is such as to tempt a jaded
palate, the finest cream and milk, and the fresh-
est vegetables being served in abundance upon
the absolutely neat tables, and by the trimmest
of waitresses. The cottages, situated one mile
from the village of Nordhoff, furnish a privacy
and independence not to be found in a large
hotel, and each room is supplied with cheerful
wood tires when the evening chill comes in
from the sea. The elevation of fifteen hun-
dred feet insures a bracing and dry air, and the
mountains intervening between the grounds
and the sea, shut out the coast influence and
fogs. Hither come many families year after
year, delighted at the uniformity of good treat-
ment, and the congeniality. Many exchange
their permanent quarters in hotels in Los An-
geles and Santa Barbara for the varied interests
here united, the usual rush beginning in
November and continuing until May. All
games are at the disposal of guests, including
billiards, tennis and golf, and it is the pride of
the manager that she has the finest golf links
in Southern California, and the only ones that
are maintained by a resort. Hunting in the
mountains and fishing in the river afford unlim-
ited amusement, and smooth, hard roads tempt
the sojourner on long exploring tours to the
different points of interest in the valley. Arte-
sian wells two hundred and fifty-two feet deep
supply the house and grounds with water from
an unfailing source, and mineral springs abound
with their curative ingredients.

The idea of the retreat in the Ojai valley
originated in the brain of B. W. Gaily, for
many years one of the prominent business men
in the valley, and who was born in Wheeling,
\X. Va., July 9, 1852. His father, Hon. Thomas
M. Gaily, was a native of \'irginia, a leading
Whig politician, and a member of the consti-
tutional convention of Virginia in 1852 and
1854. His mother, Mary List, was also a native
of Wheeling, W. \'a., and a daughter of H. List,
a leading banker of that city. To this couple
were born two children, a son, B. W., and a

daughter. After availing himself of excellent
educational advantages Mr. Gaily engaged in
the banking business, but, owing to impaired
health from too close confinement, removed
to California in 1883. He then purchased the
grounds where the cottages are now located,
the former owner being W. S. McKee. In his
enthusiasm over the beauty of his surround-
ings, and his faith in the etificacy of the climate
CO restore and invigorate, he continued to add
10 his possession every possible convenience
for travelers, and added several to the cottages
already erected by Mr. McKee. The genial
owner of the valley resort was a typical south-
ern gentleman of the old school, with that grace
of manner and courtesy of bearing which marks
the man of birth and breeding. His death in
1893 was regretted by the friends and acquaint-
ances who had enjoyed his friendship, and by
those who had basked with him in the perpetual '
sunshine of his adopted Ojai.

Mrs. Mary M. Gaily, who is so successfully
carrying on the management of the cottages,
was born in Jefferson City, Mo., a daughter of
Dr. William and A. A. Davison, both deceased.
She was educated at the Female Seminary at
Jefferson City, and in 1885 became the wife of
Mr. Gaily, by whom she has three children,
Howard, Kilbourn and Willey, students in the
high school. It may be said that Mrs. Gaily
is in every way fitted for the responsibility
which is hers as manager of the Oak Glen
Cottages, for she has the instinctive kindliness
of disposition, unfailing tact, and knowledge
of human nature, which would invariably aid
m conducting an enterprise of this kind. Year
by year she welcomes some of the most distin-
guished people of Southern Cahfornia, and
treats them so well that they are in haste to
return to her hospitable and picturesque sur-
roundings.

WALTER ELLIOT. Among the citizens
of Santa Maria who have shown special apti-
tude for successfully maintaining positions of
trust within the gift of his townsmen may be
mentioned Walter Elliot, deputy assessor of
Santa Barbara county. He is possessed of the
strong, reliant traits of his countrymen, and was
born in Scotland in 1846. His youth was not
unlike that of the average farm-reared Scottish
boy, nor was he destitute of the laudable ambi-
tions which ofttimes find vent remote from their
original surroundings. At the comparatively
young age of fifteen he immigrated to America
and settled in New York, and while living there
enlisted in the Civil war in Company C, Twen-
tieth New York Infantry, serving for one year.
His discharge occurred in the city of Richmond,
June 17, 1865.

After the war Mr. Elliot lived for a time in
New York and Illinois, and in March of 1868

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

came to California intent upon investigating
the conditions here existing. After travehng all
over the state he decided upon a ranch fifteen
miles east of San Jose, and here he lived and
carried on farming until November, 1875. He
then removed to Santa Maria district and
ranched until 1891, at which time he took up
his residence in the town. The same year he
was elected county supervisor of the fifth dis-
trict, his services being so satisfactory that he
was re-elected, and served in all eight years.
For the past ten years he has held the position
of deputy county assessor, his service in this
capacity also meeting with approval. Repeat-
edly has it been demonstrated that he in all
ways consults the general good of the commu-
nity, and that he regards public office as a
means to further the general development,
rather than an opportunity for personal ag-
grandizem.ent. Fraternally he is a member of
the Masonic order and of the Knights of Pyth-
ias, and he is a past commander of the Grand
Army of the Republic.

Of the union of Mr. Elliot and Nina O. Roper,
at Santa Cruz, in 1874, there are seven chil-
dren: Lillian, Frank H., Anna, Elmira, Stella,
Edith and Walter, Jr. The children are tm-
usually intelligent and well educated, three of
them, Lillian, Elmira and Stella, being engaged
in educational work. Frank H. is a miner.
Mrs. Elliot died in 1896, and is buried at Santa
ATaria.

J. VINCENT ELLIOTT. This prominent
contractor and builder of Santa Barbara was
born at Lone Rock, Richland county. Wis.,
October 15, i860, a son of Ezekiel and Phcebi-
ette (Vincent) Elliott, the former a native of
New York, and now a resident of Santa Bar-
bara. The family is of Scotch extraction. The
youngest in a family of four children, J. Vin-
cent Elliott was educated in the public schools
of Lone Rock, Wis., and when fifteen years of
age came to California, settling in Santa Cruz,
where he supplemented his former study by
attendance at the schools of the Bay \^iew dis-
trict. In 1881 he came to Santa Barbara and
began to learn the carpenter's trade under his
father, and also became interested in the sheep
Inisiness with the elder Elliott, he having leased
the islands of Anacapa and San Nicholas for
that purpose. During the four or five years
in the sheep business they also contracted and
built, and started a planing mill on Chapala
street. Eventually the son disposed of his
sheep interests for his father's interests in the
])laning mill, and continued to run the mill for
five years. He became one of the pioneer pro-
moters of the Union Mill Company, Incorpor-
ated, and was one of the directors and the man-
ager. The mill was after a time removed to

the wharf, and after being run there for a year, it
was sold to other parties, and Mr. Elliott
turned his attention exclusively to contracting
and building.

In 1892 Mr. Elliott thought to improve his
prospects by removing to Los Angeles and en-
gaging in the restaurant business, which was
conducted with moderate success until 1894,
when he returned to Santa Barbara and con-
tracted a partnership with George Humphreys
in the milling and building business, Mr. Elliott
having charge of the contracting. In 1897
this arrangement was dissolved, since which
time Mr. Elliott has carried on contracting
independently. To him are credited many of
the finest residences and buildings in Santa
Barbara and elsewhere in the county, among
them being the residences of Dr. Stoddard, and
Mrs. Varner, the De La Vina house, and, out
of the city, the Lompoc high-school building,
one of the finest in the county. Mr. Elliott is
an architect of no mean ability, and he is a
successful business man, standing high in the
community in financial circles. His interests
extend to Mexico, where he owns stock in the
Rea Machol Rubber Company, which concern
owns twenty-four thousand acres of Mexican
land; also in another rubber company, owning
thirty-five hundred acres of land. He is a Re-
pubhcan in politics, and is a member and trus-
tee of the ^lethodist Episcopal Church.

The first marriage of Mr. Elliott occurred in
Cherry Vale, Kans., and united him with Min-
nie Newton, daughter of Revilo Newton, a
banker of Cherry Vale. Mrs. Elliott died in
Kansas City. The marriage of Mr. Elliott and
Lottie Bouton occurred in Lompoc. Mrs. El-
liott is a native of Oakland, Cal., and the mother
of one child, Adah M.

HON. JOHN S. COX. Through his inti-
mate connection with the real-estate interests
of Pasadena and through his identification with
the progress of this city since 1886, Mr. Cox
has become one of its inlluential citizens. In
1892 he was elected to the city council from the
second ward and served in the position for four
years, during the latter half of which he was
honored with the presidency of the board. It
was during this period that all of the asphalt
paving was contracted for and executed, the
electric railroad built and the Southern Pacific
Railroad brought into the city. The completion
of the sewerage system was another advance
made at this time. Miles of street regrading and
curbing were also put in, and old and unsightly
walks were replaced by cement pavements. All
in all, the administration was marked by advance
in every line of municipal progress and activity.

In Covington, Ky., Mr. Cox was born Feb-
ruary 16, 1857. His father, John S. Cox, Sr.,

-<^^ ^iXUi^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

731

a native of county Antrim, Ireland, and a pat-
tern-maker by trade, settled in Philadelphia
in young manhood, and there engaged in cot-
ton manufacturing. A later place of business
was Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was employed
as a pattern-maker; and at the same time he
made his home across the river in Covington,
Ky. During the Civil war he enlisted in an
Ohio regiment and went to the front. His last
years were spent in Philadelphia, where he died.
In earlv life he was a Whig and upon the dis-
integravion of ihat party identified himself with
the Republicans. In religious faith he was an
Episcopalian. His wife, Elizabeth, was a daugh-
ter of William Newton, and accompanied her
father from the north of Ireland to Philadel-
phia: after her husband's death she came to
Pasadena, Cal., where she died in 1900. Of the
six children of this marriage who attained ma-
turity four are living. The eldest son, William
N., who now resides in Philadelphia, was a sol-
dier in the Civil w-ar for a year.

When nine years of age John S. Cox accom-
panied his parents to Philadelphia, where he
was a student in the grammar and high schools.
.\t fourteen he went to Ouakertown and two
years later entered the employ of the Northern
Pennsylvania Railroad at that place. When he
was eighteen he returned to Ohio and settled
at Alansfield, where he took up photography.
In 1876 he became a traveling salesman, sell-
ing photographers' supplies through the middle
states. During September of that same year he
was married in Mansfield to Miss Esther E.
Herr, who was born in Pennsylvania. They
are the parents of four children, namely:
Newton H.. who is with the Southern Pacific
road in Los Angeles; Mary E., Harold E., and
John S., Jr. From 1878 until 1879 Mr. Cox
carried on a produce business at Zanesville,
after which he resumed photographic work at
Glendale. and then, returning to ^Mansfield,
carried on a grocery for three years. From
there he came to California in 1886 and settled
in Pasadena, which has since been his home.
-\s a charter member of the Pasadena Board of
Trade he has been identified with one of the
enterprises for the benefit of the city. In many
other ways he has endeavored to promote the
welfare of this garden spot of the western
world, and is interested in everything which
makes for the prosperity of his state and
nation. In 1896, at the time of William Mc-
Kinley's first nomination for president, he was
serving as a member of the county central
Republican committee, also was a worker on
its executive committee, and did much to fur-
ther the cause in this vicinity. During the long
l^criod of his residence in Pasadena, he has wit-
nessed its gradual development and progress,
rmd isjustlv proud of his citizenship in this
i.leal citv.

CHARLES M. SKILLEN. While Pasadena
was still an undeveloped tract, its possibilities
unrealized and its climate unappreciated, Mr.
Skillen visited the town in 1874, having come
west in the hope that a change of surroundings
might assist him in recovering from the effects
of his army service. A year's experience of the
climate convinced him of the desirability of the
town as a place of residence, and he accordingly
returned east to dispose of his business mter-
ests, preparatory to a permanent location in
tlie west. During 1880 he purchased fifteen
acres bounded by Los Robles and East Colorado
streets, which he platted into Skillen's subdivi-
sion, opening, parallel with Los Robles, a street
which he named Euclid avenue. No attempt
had been made previously to improve the land,
which had been used as a sheep pasture. One
of his first improvements was the securing of
water, which enabled him to raise a thrifty
orange orchard. However, the opening of the
boom convinced him that it would be more
profitable to sell the land in lots than to con-
tinue to use it as an orange strove, and he there-
fore platted the subdivision named, and sold the
lot with certain building stipulations, so that the
residences since built upon it are first-class in
every respect. In connection with Samuel Strat-
ton, he also bought the northeast corner of
Colorado street and Marengo avenue, wdiich
ihey laid out in Skillen & Stratton's subdivision
and afterward sold. When the Pasadena Elec-
tric Light Compan\- was organized he was inter-
ested in its establishment and served as one of
the directors until the plant was sold.

The Skillen family came from the Highlands
of Scotland. George Skillen, the American im-
migrant,became a successful painter and grainer,
and was given fine contracts for work in wood
and marble in New York City. George Skil-
len's mother was a Miss Douglass, of the low-
lands of Scotland. In religion he was an Epis-
copalian, and in politics an abolitionist and
Republican. He married Hannah Davies, who
was born in Wales and died in Knox county,
Ohio. His death occurred at the home of his
son, Charles M., when he was almost ninety-four
years of age. Of his four children, Charles M.
was the second and is the sole survivor. Born
in New York City in December, 1838, he was
reared principally near Mount \'ernon, Knox
county, Ohio, and in youth learned the painter's
trade under his father. However, his tastes ran
less toward a trade Ihan toward professional life,
and he soon turned his attention to the reading
of law, which he began under private tutelage
of Sapp and Simons, of ^fount \'crnon, Ohio.
In 1861 he matriculated in the law department.
University of Michigan, where he was for one
year numbered among the ambitious, progres-
sive and promising students, How-ever, his de-
cision to enter the army changed all of his plans,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and the year 1862 found him a private in Com-
pany F, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio
Infantry. He was appointed sergeant and as
such accompanied his regiment to the front.
While on a forced march from Louisville to
Perryville, he succumbed to a progressive paral-
ysis that had been coming on for some time.
Unable to proceed further, he was sent to camp
near Louisville, where he received skillful and
constant treatment, but all remedial agencies
seemed ineffective, and in 1863 he was dis-
charged for physicial disability. Some two years
later an officer of his regiment told him that a
commission as captain was to have been ten-
dered him in the event of his recovery, but the
loss of his health cut off all hopes of continued
service.

Unable to resume his law studies, Mr. Skillen
turned his attention to a manufacturing business
in Mount Vernon, in which he met with fair
success. In that city he married Miss Jennie
Stephens, who was born in Pennsylvania. They
have an only son, Ralph G. Skillen, D. D. S., a
graduate of the Pennsylvania College of Dental
Surgery, class of 1897, and now a practicing
dentist" in Pasadena. Mrs. Skillen is connected
with the Methodist Episcopal Church, to the
work of which Mr. Skillen has been a contribu-
tor. Politically a Republican, the condition of
his health has prevented participation in politics
and caused him to refuse the various offices
that have been tendered him. Connected with
Masonry ever since having been made a Mason
in Montezuma, Iowa, he became a charter mem-
ber of Pasadena Lodge No. 272, and is now as-
sociated with Corona Lodge, F. & A. M., has
since joined the chapter, commandery and
thirty-second degree in this city, and is a mem-
ber of Al Malakiah Temple, N. M. S., of Los
Angeles.

HERMAN BLATZ. An industry that has
done much toward raising the standard of
American wines is owned by the Sierra Madre
Vintage Company, of Lamanda, Los Angeles
county. In the far-famed San Gabriel valley,
between Pasadena and Sierra Madre, are the
company's vineyards, established in 1871, and
now producing Trousseau, Malvoisie, Muscatel,
Tokay, Zinfandel, Petit Bonchet, and other va-
rieties of grapes, from which the wines are
made. Sheltered by the Sierra Madre range,
rich with the calcareous washings from the
mountams, nourished by sun and dew, there is
every natural advantage to aid in the develop-
ment of the vineyards, hence the quality of the
grapes is unexcelled, and for the same reason
the wines reach the highest point of perfection.
The plant covers acres of ground, and includes
large wine cellars, containing some of the rarest,
oldest and most valual^lc wines in California;

' also fermenting houses, cooper shops, sherry
house, distiller)' and store rooms. To facilitate
shipments a switch has been built connecting
with the Santa Fe Railroad, thus furnishing
direct transportation to the jobbing houses of
the east.

The manager of the company, ]\Ir. Blatz, was
born in Alilwaukee. Wis., and is a son of the
late Albert Blatz, a Bavarian by birth and for
years a brewer in Milwaukee. On completing
his education, he entered the grain commission
business in his native city. His first visit to
California was made in 1884 and two years later
he came to the state to locate permanently, set-
tling in Lamanda Park, where he bought and
sold real estate. On becoming associated with
the Sierra Madre Vintage Company he was
assistant to H. Brigden, who, with Hon. J. F.
Crank, had established the winery. On the
death of Mr. Brigden in 1894, Mr. Blatz suc-
ceeded to the position of manager. Under his
capable and energetic supervision the capacity
of the plant has been doubled, being now one
of the largest plants in Southern California.
A large acreage of vineyards produces immense
quantities of grapes, but, in order to supply the
demand, large quantities are also brought in
from outside points. It is a source of gratifica-
tion to Mr. Blatz, and to all the other officers
of the company, that the wines from their plant
received gold medals at the Paris Exposition
in 1900 and the Pan-American Exposition in
1901, while their brandies received similar rec-
ognition for excellence and purity. Tliis recog-
nition is especially appreciated because, ever
since the company began in business, its mem-
bers have been obliged to contend with the
prejudice of Americans toward native wines,
a prejudice so unjust that many, while decrjing
the home product, drink California wines under
foreign labels. Recently, however, a change
of sentiment has been brought about, and the
pure product of the California grape is in
demand throughout the country, not only in
hospitals, and for drug trade, but also in lead-
ing hotels (such as Hotel Green and La Pin-
toresca), and it is also used for sacramental pur-
poses. In addition to unfermented grape juice,
the company manufacture orange wine, made
from oranges grown upon their grounds, and
excellent as a tonic for nervous and stomach
troubles.

Besides his duties as secretary and manager
of the company, Mr. Blatz is engaged in other
enterprises, and is interested in horticulture at
Lamanda and Sierra Madre, where he owns
vineyards. Since coming to California he has
been made a Mason, in Corona Lodge No. 324,
and has also been raised to the chapter in Pasa-
dena. He is a believer in Republican principles
and has served liis party as a delegate to county
conventions.

JL^^i^c^t^^p^^^^z^^C^^^Z^^^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

733

ISAAC A. WITHERSPOON. In the social
circles of Riverside Mr. Witherspoon is well
known as the president of the Rubidoux Club.
In business circles he is known as the owner
and proprietor of one of the best-equipped gro-
ceries in Southern California. He first came
to Riverside in the spring of 1886. In the spring
of 1896 he bought out the firm of J. R. New-
berry & Co., on the corner of Seventh and Main
streets. May, 1900, found him at his present
location, No. 754 Main street, where he occu-
pies a building of. two stories, 60x157 feet, fur-
nishing adequate accommodations for his grow-
ing and prosperous wholesale and retail trade.
The best modern facilities are to be found in the
store, including electric pov/er for the operating
iif his plant and machmery for the roasting of
cofifee, etc. In every respect the store is metro-
politan in its appointments, and loses nothing
by comparison with similar establishments in
larger cities.

Of Scotch descent, Mr. Witherspoon was
born near Delphi, Ind., December 11, 1854
The spring of 1886 found him in Riverside, Cal,
where he was a clerk for D. A. Correll three
years, Cromby & Co., two years, and J. R. New-
berry & Co., two years, continuing with the lat-
ter until he purchased the business.

R. EASON. The high standing of the Union
Savings Bank of Pasadena in the financial cir-
cles of Southern California is due to the con-
servative management and recognized ability of
its officers and directors, and particularly to the
rare judgment and constant oversight of its
president, R. Eason. When ^Ir. Eason came
to Pasadena in 1894, having disposed of his
banking interests in the east, he inmiediately
began the organization of a bank in his new
home city, and this institution, with a paid-up
capital of $100,000, began business March 6,
1895. The office of president he has filled since
the organization. Associated with him are A.
R. Metcalfe, vice-president, and W. M. Eason,
cashier. For the purpose of erecting a suit-
able bank building, in 1901, he organized the
Union Savings Bank Building Company, of
which he is president. Plans are now being
made for the building of a four-story structure.
56^x118 feet, on the corner of Colorado and
Raymond avenue, the cost of the whole to be
$76,000. The corner room will be fitted up with
banking appliances, while the balance of the
building will be rented in office suites.

Several generations ago a Scotchman brought
his family to America and settled in Pennsyl-
vania. His son, Samuel Eason, who was born
in Scotland, became a pioneer farmer in Lycom-
ing county. Pa. During the war of 1812 he was
a lieutenant in the navy and, as such, com-
manded a vessel on Lake Erie at the time of
Perry's celebrated encounter with the British.

With him at the time was his son, Alexander
G., a boy of twelve, who in later years often
narrated the thrilling tale of how "We met the
enemy and they are ours." This son was born
in Lycoming county. Pa., in 1802, and became
a farmer near Wooster, but about 1854 settled
near Iowa City, Iowa, and bought eighteen
hundred acres of government land. The cul-
tivation of this tract occupied his remaining
years, and he died there when seventy-six years
of age. During war days he was strong in his
abolition views and always supported Repub-
lican principles. Fraternally he held member-
ship with the Masons and in religion was a
Universalist.

The marriage of Alexander G. Eason united
him with Mary Ellwood, who was born in Co-
lumbiana county, Ohio, and died at Iowa City,
Iowa. Her father, Thomas, was a son of Noah
Ellwood, who died in the cast. Six daughters
and four sons formed the family of A. G. Eason,
and all of these arrived at mature years, but
only five are now living. The fifth of the num-
ber, Robert, was born in Wooster, Ohio, No-
vember 25, 1838, and received pubHc-school
advantages. At the age of seventeen he began
to teach in Johnson and Cedar counties, Iowa,
and for a time was principal of the Rochester
school. At Iowa City, he was mustered into
the Union service as a member of Company B,
Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, in which he had en-
listed in September, 1861. The next year, at
the battle of Shiloh, so many soldiers of the
regiment were killed or wounded that the re-
mainder were transferred to the Forty-first
Iowa Infantry, and he became a member of
Company L. In the spring of 1863 the
Forty-first was transferred to the Seventh
Iowa Cavalry, he still belonging to Com-
pany L. In July of the same year Presi-
dent Lincoln commissioned him quartermaster
of the One Hundred and Twenty-second United
States Infantry, with the rank of lieutenant.
His first order was to Lexington, Ky., but be-
fore assignment had been made, he was sent
to Fortress Monroe to take charge of the quar-
termaster's stores. On his arrival he fount! the
stores scattered over so large an area that he
refused to receipt for them, because he realized
it would not be wise to assume responsibility
for them under the circumstances, nor did he
feel tliat he could receipt for goods he had
never seen and never been in possession
of. Therefore he resigned. However, his resig-
nation was not accepted until March, 1864. at
which time he returned to Iowa.

The improvement of a farm of six hundred
and forty acres, the putting up of substantial
buildings and making other improvements that
added to the value of the property, received
Mr. Eason's close attention for some years after
the war. The land is still in his possession and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

lies near Scranton, Green county, Iowa. In
1875 he became interested in the Bank of
Scranton. Ten years later he bought out the
other stockholders and continued alone as pro-
prietor of the bank, being assisted by his son,
W. M., as cashier. From Scranton he came to
California, establishing his home in Pasadena
with the mtention of spending his remaining
vears in this city.

In Davenport, Iowa, Mr. Eason married Miss
Ellen Burke, who was born in New York state
and died at Scranton, Iowa. Three children
were born of this union, namely: Alexander
F., who is a graduate of the Scranton high
school and now superintends his father's farm
near that town; Willis M., also a high-school
graduate, and a graduate of a business college
in Des Moines, Iowa, who is now cashier and
a director of the Union Savings Bank of Pasa-
dena; and Martha E., who graduated from the
Scranton high school and the Cedar Falls Col-
lege and died at Scranton in 1892. 'The second
marriage of Mr. Eason united him with Miss
Hannah M. Baxter, who was born in New York
state, and is a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church.

Always a Republican in politics, during his
residence in Iowa Mr. Eason served as county
supervisor of Johnson county for four years,
as mayor of Scranton for three terms, and also
held the office of justice of the peace. While
in Scranton he was an active worker in the
Grand Army of the Republic and also in the
blue lodge, F. & A. M,, of which he was master
for live years. Since coming west he has been
identified with the Pasadena TBoard of Trade.

WILLIAM BAXTER. The weight of
eighty-four years rests but lightly upon Mr.
Baxter's shoulders, notwithstanding the fact
that he has led a very active life. He was born
in Aberdeen, Scotland, a son of George and
Margaret (Slesser) Baxter, also natives of that
country. Following the example of his father,
who was coachman to the Duchess of Gordon,
he earlv attached himself to the household of
nobility, and traveled as valet throughout Great
Britain and the continent. For four years he
was with Lord Aberdeen of Scotland, for a sim-
ilar period was with Lord James Russell and
Sir John Russell, besides which for a time he
studied veterinary surgery in London, England.
In 1857 he went to Canada, where he was em-
ployed as inspector and collector. As early as
1859 he visited the then small village of Chicago,
going from there to Dupage county. 111., and
later'to Tazewell county, where he engaged in
farming. A subsequent location was in Liv-
ingston county, where he improved a quarter
section of land. Removing from Illinois to
Iowa, he bought four hundred and eighty acres
in Union oounty, which, under his capable su-

pervision, was made to bloom and blossom as
the rose. When quite advanced in years, but
still a hale, active and energetic man, he came
to California, settling at Duarte in 1884. Since
becoming a citizen of the United States he has
given his allegiance to the Republican party.
In religious views he is a CongregationaHst.

The marriage of Mr. Baxter united him with
Miss E. M. Ironside, a native of Scotland, being
a daughter of James Ironside, a blacksmith and
farmer. Of their union the following-named
children were born: James, -who is a livery-
man in San Bernardino, Cal.; William A. and
John, of Monrovia; Leslie, who died in Iowa;
Mary, who is married and lives in Los Angeles;
Jennie, Mrs. W. B. White, of Los Angeles;
George, who was accidentally killed; Albert, of
Riverside county; Robert, who died in Iowa;
Charles, of Monrovia; and Annabel, who died
in Iowa.

WILLIAM A. BAXTER. Those who form
the acquaintance of Mr. Baxter at the present
time, noting his stalwart physique, carrying
well its two hundred and eighteen pounds, find
it diiificult to realize that when he came to Cali-
fornia in 1882 he had been an invalid for seven
years and weighed only one hundred and seven-
teen pounds. He is one of the many who owe
to timely removal to the Pacific coast their
health and, indeed, life itself. A native of Aber-
deenshire, Scotland, born in 1854, he was taken
to Canada by his parents, William and Eliza-
beth M. Baxter, when but an infant. His boy-
hood years were passed principally in Illinois
and in 1874 he accompanied the family to Iowa,
where he continued to make his home until his
removal to California. For some time he was
unable to engage in active work on account of
ill health, but as soon as sufficiently recuper-
ated to resume work, he began the manufacture
of cement pipe, later carried on a livery busi-
ness in Monrovia, and for ten years had a har-
ness shop here. He laid the first cement pipe
for the water system and in other ways aided in
the progress of the town. At this writing he
devotes himself to the improvement of his
orange grove of three acres, where he has a
cozy home.

The fraternal relations of Mr. Baxter are
with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
while in politics he is a stanch Republican.
After coming to California he established a
home of his own, his marriage being solem-
nized in Orange, and uniting him with Miss
Elizabeth Bond, a native of IMarshalltown,
Iowa. Her father. Rev. John Bond, was bom
in Indiana and during active life officiated as a
preacher in the Society of Friends, of which he
was a birthright member. Reared in that
faith, Mrs. Baxter still retains her membership
in the same, while Mr. Baxter is a believer in

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

737

Presbyterian doctrines. They are the parents
of two sons and two daughters, namely : Walter
A., Harold L., Charlotte and Helen, all of
whom are with their parents in Monrovia.

JOHN G. HILL. The splendid possibili-
ties arising from the fertility, resources and
general advantages of the region surrounding
Oxnard, are nowhere more emphatically re-
produced than in the life and efforts of John G.
Hill, one of the most successful and prominent
of the ranchers and stock-raisers of Ventura
county. In the future history of the accom-
plishments of the county his name will be fore-
most along several lines of activity, not the least
of which is the proud distinction of being the
owner and breeder of some of the finest speci-
mens of horse flesh in California, if not in the
world. Every lover of this noblest friend of
man who visits this ideal retreat, and is brought
to realize the care and indulgence exercised in
his development, departs with the conviction
that here at least his needs and nature are faith-
fully studied, and consequently attain to their
greatest beauty, intelligence and usefulness.

The fourth child in his father's family of ten
children, John G. Hill received the training ac-
corded the average farm-reared boy. He was
born in Paris, Monroe county, Mo., March 14,
1845, ^ son of James and Nancy (Gray) Hill,
natives of Kentucky. For many years the an-
cestors of the family for the most part
engaged in agriculture, and in producing the
blooded stock for which Kentucky is justly
famed. When seven years of age John G. ac-
companied his parents and the rest of the fam-
ily across the plains to California, where they
settled in Napa county, and where the elder Hiil
purchased a farm of one hundred and sixty
acres, to which he subsequently added by the
purchase one thousand and four hundred
acres. There the sons gained the comprehen-
sive knowledge of farm life which has been of
such invaluable aid in their mature years, one
of the best products of his father's example
being Ben Hill, of El Cajon, one of the most
noted horsemen in California. The parents
passed to the great majority while living in their
adopted state, the father in 1870, at the age of
three score and two, and the mother in more
recent years at Napa City.

In 1866 Mr. Hill began farming independently
on his father's ranch, and in 1868 removed to
Ventura county, and bought an interest of six
hundred and thirty acres in the old El Rio de la
Santa Clara a la Colonia grant, which, in its
entirety, contained forty-four thousand acres of
land. This has since been his home, and a more
leprcsentative Southern California ranch it
would be difficult to find. During the years
that have intervened since its purchase giant
agricultural interests have been carried on.

grains raised in large quantities, the pastures
have afforded grazing for thousands of thor-
oughbreds, and the markets have profited by
the Durham cattle and Berkshire hogs. Years
ago, in partnership with G. W. Chrisman, Mr.
Hill owned at Montalvo a town site of three
hundred and fifty acres of land, fifty acres near
Santa Paula, one hundred and eight acres sown
to alfalfa on the Colonia grant, and four-fifths of
two hundred and sixty acres planted in walnuts.
W'ith M. L. Wolff he owned one-third interest
in eight hundred and forty-two acres rented and
sown in barley. He also had five hundred and
thirty-seven and one-half shares out of one thou-
sand shares of the Ventura water-works, in
partnership with G. W. Chrisman. All of these
investments have proved worthy the manage-
ment and far-sighted discernment of the part-
ners, and while many of them have, in the light
of passing events, gone into other possession,
they are representative of the enterprise and
progress for which Mr. Hill is widely known.
In 1885 he built on the home property a beau-
tiful (and at the time the finest) country resi-
dence in the county, which, since the subsequent
growth of the city, is now on the outskirts of
the town, and on the west side.

Indeed it is doubtful if the enterprising little
town of Oxnard had ever reared its spires and
homes to the sky had it not been for the faith
in its future entertained by Mr. Hill. When
there were barely a handful of people here, his
enthusiasm for the present and confidence in the
future 'Stimulated others in like manner, and as
a practical demonstration of his belief himself
and Henry T. Oxnard laid out the plans of the
town in the latter part of 1897. and the survey
was made the following year. For the town site
Mr. Hill sold a two-thirds interest in three hun-
dred a'cres of land, and afterwards established
the Colonia Improvement Company, which has
accomplished wide reaching results, and of
which Mr. Hill is now vice-president. The com-
pany owns the fine hostelry known as the Ox-
nard hotel, also the water works and electric
light plant. And so has developed this town of
two thousand inhabitants, where formerly Mr.
Hill and those who shared his aspirations
viewed a waving field of mustard.

In addition to his other interests Mr. Hill
owns gold and silver mines in the Bradshaw
mountains in Arizona, operations upon which
have already begun, and from which he expects
large returns. He is the owner of the new
postoffice, a fine modern structure, and model
in its way. built expressly for the purpose to
which it is devoted, and he also has built .1
splendid vault with attendant conveniences, on
.'^outh Fifth street.

In 1866 in Contra Costa county Mr. Hill mar-
ried .Vranetta Rice, daughter of \\'illiam and
Louisa Rice, and sister of Thomas A. Rice.

738

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Two children are the result of this union, Ear-
nest Rice Hill and Ralph Norman Hill, both
ranchers of Ventura county. The latter was the
first postmaster of Oxnard. The former was
educated at the Leland Stanford University and
the latter at the Belmont School. The two sons
buih the first building in the town in which the
postofifice was conducted, and which has since
been substituted by the present commodious
structure. Although a Republican at present,
Mr. Hill was a Democrat until 1896, but has
never aspired to political office.

ISAAC BAILEY. The story of the founders
of this nation is interesting, not only from a
historical standpoint, but also as a source of
inspiration and encouragement to others. Yet
we need not look to the past, for the present
furnishes many examples worthy of emulation
in the men who have risen through their own
efforts to positions of prominence and financial
success. To this class belongs Mr. Bailey of
Pasadena, who was formerly engaged in the
manufacture of linseed oil in Illinois. The suc-
cess of his life is due to no inherited fortune,
but to his own sturdy will, steady application,
wise judgment and tireless energy.

In an early day four brothers came from Eng-
land to America and cast in their fortunes with
the struggling colonies. Descended from one
of them was David Bailey, a farmer in the east,
and the father of Alfred Bailey, who owned a
homestead of one hundred and fifty acres in
Schoharie county, N. Y. In the family of Alfred
and Betsey (Reynolds) Bailey were six sons and
two daughters who attained mature years. The
next to the youngest of these was Isaac, whose
birth occurred in Delhi, Delaware county, N. Y.,
October 31, 1844. On the completion of a pub-
lic-school and academic education, in 1859 he
secured employment in a dry goods store in
Albany, N. Y., and for seventeen years he re-
mained in that city. Retuoving further west
in 1876, he settled in Oilman, Iroquois county,
111., and there embarked in the manufacture of
linseed oil. Under his direction the Oilman
Linseed Oil Company was established and he
became its president. After ten years in Gil-
man he removed to Evanston, 111., and erected
a residence there which he still owns. The lin-
seed oil business was sold to the trust, and hav-
ing no special ties to bind him to the east, Mr.
Bailey decided to enjoy, for the balance of his
life, the delightful climate of Southern Califor-
nia. Since 1894 he has made his home in Pasa-
dena, where he purchased and remodeled the
residence at No. 720 East Colorado street. Un-
der his direction the home has been transformed
into a bower of beauty that is a joy to the be-
holder as well as a source of i)ride to the
owner. The grounds, too. have been improved

until they form a fitting environment for the
mansion.

While it was Mr. Bailey's plan, on coming to
California,, to seek entire rest from business
activities, yet he is of too active and nerv'ous
a temperament to enjoy a life of retirement;
lience we find him identifying himself more or
less with local movements; aiding in the putting
forth of new ventures; showing himself to be
a patriotic citizen, desirous of still further en-
hancing the fame of Pasadena throughout the
world, and contributing his quota to forward
movements. He owns a ranch of twenty acres
at Rialto, which tract is under cultivation to
citrus fruits. He is a director of the Los An-
geles County Building and Loan Association,
a well-known enterprise, while he also has vari-
ous oil mterests, being president of the Amazon
(Til Company of Bakersfield, Cal., a director in
the Revenue Oil Company, and a stockholder
in other companies. His interest in educa-
tional affairs led him to accept the position of
regent of the Southern California University,
in Los Angeles. With his wife, who was for-
merly Miss M. Louise Borthwick, of Albany,
N. Y., he is an earnest and active member of
the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Pasa-
dena, in the building of which he was a gen-
erous contributor. In Masonry he has attained
the thirty-second degree, while politically he
votes for Republican principles. He is a genial
gentleman of hig-h social qualities and has a
wide circle of acquaintances, by all of whom he
is esteemed highly for his sterling qualities.

FRANCIS BECKWITH. That period of
inflation and enthusiasm best known as the
"boom" found Mr. Beckwith a newcomer in
California and a pioneer of Altadena, where he
made several purchases of property. At this
writing he owns two and one-half acres in this
place, besides two lots on Second street. Long
Beach, and two lots in Carlton, Cal. The home
place is planted with a variety of products, prin-
cipally vegetables, and also contains a well-
appointed dairy, the milk for the same being
obtained from seven Jersey cows. In this way
the land is being brought to a paying basis,
and will in time become remunerative to a grat-
ifying degree.

Mr. Beckwith dates his arrival in California
from January 2, 1887, previous to which he had
spent some years in Texas. He was born in
Yorkshire, England, August 12, 1848. being a
son of Thomas and Nancy ("Hartley) Beckwith,
lifelong residents of Yorkshire, the former
being a 'farmer by occupation. The maternal
grandfather. Henry Hartley, followed the trade
of a weaver in the cotton mills, and such was
his skill with the loom that he accunuilated a
neat compotency. wliich enabled Jiiin to retire

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

739

from active cares before he had reached old
age. In the family of Thomas Beckwith there
were three daughters and ten sons, and all but
three of these attained mature years, Francis
being the fifth in order of birth. The family
being large and their means limited, he was set
to work when only eleven years of age, and
ever since then has earned his own livelihood,
besides helping to support others. For two
years he worked in paper mills, after which he
returned to school. His next position was that
of bookkeeper in the cotton mills, and later
he became assistant bookkeeper in an iron
foundry. In a year he was promoted to be
cashier and collector, and also held a position
as salesman. Subsequently, for four and one-
half years, he held the office of manager.

On embarking in business for himself, J^Ir.
Beckwith formed a partnership with two others
and conducted a successful and growing trade.
When the partnership was dissolved, he turned
his attention to jobbing in the same line. Six
years later he closed out his business and in
1881 crossed the ocean to the United States,
settling in Texas. However, this state did not
equal his anticipations, and, while he saved a
little money during his residence there of five
and one-half years, yet the results were too
small to be satisfactory, and he was thus led to
cast his lot in with the people of California, a
decision that he has no cause to regret. Be-
sides his landed interests, he is the owner of
water stock. Since becoming a citizen of our
country he has affiliated himself with the Re-
publican party. Socially he is identified with
the Sons of St. George, and in religion is a
stanch Episcopalian.

While living in England Mr. Beckwith mar-
ried Miss Mary Ellen Worthington, who was
born in Lancashire. Her father, George Worth-
ington, was a lifelong resident of England,
where for years he filled a responsible position
as manager of the spinning department in a
cotton mill. The children of Mr. and Mrs.
Beckwith are Arthur, George and Elizabeth
(twins) and Margaret, all of whom are being
given the advantages of excellent educations.

FITZ E. BEACH. One of the characteris-
tics of the people of Pasadena is a love of their
city. The tie that binds them to the place is
not a fragile one, that may be broken by the
softest call from afar. This trait is a conspicu-
ous feature in the character of Mr. Beach. His
travels have taken him to many countries, and
during the time he spent abroad he was a
thoughtful student of conditions and peoples,
^•isiting Great Britain, and traveling through
I^^rance, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Germany,
Ibjlland and Belgium. There was nuich to ad-
mire in those historic lands hut he returned to

Pasadena firm in the belief that it is unrivaled
for beauty and climatic attractions.

Tracing the Hneage of the Beach family, we
find that Abel Beach removed from Connecti-
cut to New York in boyhood and settled in
Peruville, Tompkins county, where for years
he carried on a mercantile business, and a large
business in insurance and money loaning. His
son, Ezra, was born in Peruville, was a school
teacher, and afterwards traveled through Iowa
for A. S. Barnes & Co., of New York, intro-
ducing their text-books in schools. Later he
engaged in farming until his death at fifty-four
years of age; he married Lucy A. Fitts, who
was born in Groton, N. Y., and now makes her
home in Pasadena, Cal., with her only child.
Her father, Pascal Fitts, a native of Massachu-
setts, held the office of assessor for three terms
and also held several town offices. He spent
much of his active life on a farm near McLean,
N. Y., where he died. Fitz E. Beach, born in
Peruville, N. Y., was given excellent advantages
in the high school of Moravia, N. Y., and taught
school in Cayuga county, N. Y. After complet-
ing his education he traveled through the west,
and prepared himself for teaching in Washing-
ton. On his arrival in California he was de-
lighted with the appearance of Pasadena and
accordingly settled here, buying a lot and mak-
ing a home, on South Los Robles avenue, for
himself and mother. Taking up the study of
law under Congressman James McLachlan, of
Los Angeles, he was admitted to the bar there
and to the United States district court for
Southern California, since which time he has
had a law office in Los Angeles.

Besides his practice, Mr. Beach has bought
land and built a number of houses in Los An-
geles, where he now owns valuable property,
and was one of the pioneers in the oil develop-
ment in Los Angeles. .\t one time he owned a
part of the tract near the Cudahy Packing
House which is now in the manufacturing dis-
trict of Los Angeles. On the organization of
the Central Bank he became the owner of one-
sixth of the stock and was the teller. An-
other enterprise in which he was a stockholder
was the Los Angeles Hay, Storage and Mill-
ing Company, in which he held the office of
vice-president. During the years of its con-
struction, although not a railroad man, he was
a director in the Pasadena & Los Angeles Elec-
tric Railroad Company, and he has also been
a director in the State of California Mutual
Building and Loan Association. In the incor-
poration of the Pasadena Daily News Company
he was an active factor, at the same time be-
coming a member of its board of directors; it
was especially his object, in identifying himself
with this movement, to secure for Pasadena a
newspaper of high grade, representative of the
culture of the people, and for better state.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

;ount)- and city government. Not only is he
informed in matters pertaining to the pubUc
welfare, but he is also actively interested in local
enterprises, and progressive measures receive
his co-operation. Politically he supports Re-
publican' principles. He is a member of the
N'ew Century Club of Pasadena. In matters
fraternal he is connected with the Knights of
Pythias and the Masons.

NELSON C. BURCH. Prior to the Revo-
lutionary war three brothers came from Wales
to America and identified themselves with the
struggling colonies. One of the brothers was
a Tor}', but the others were loyal to the colo-
nies, and John H. acquired an extended reputa-
tion as a scout and daring soldier during the
Revolutionary conflict. Asa, who was a son of
this patriot, was born in New York state and
during the war of 1812 served as a captain of
a company under General Scott. The next gen-
eration was represented by V. D. Burch, who
was born near Auburn, N. Y.. and married
Amanda Chapin, who, at eighty-seven years of
age, is living at Jefiferson City, Mo. The fam-
ily of which she is a member settled in New
England in an early day. Her grandfather,
Levi Green, was a nephew of Nathaniel Green,
who served all through the Revolution and at
the battle of Bennington was detailed to escort
the prisoners; the latter, attempting to escape,
were killed.

On the homestead near Auburn, N. Y., Nel-
son C. Burch was born October 11, 1835. When
a small child he was taken into the home of his
grandfather, Asa Burch. At eighteen years of
age he went to Kentucky and from there to
Athens, Mo. He read law with Daniel F.
Miller at Fort Madison, Iowa, and later at Keo-
kuk, where he was admitted to the bar on mo-
tion of Hon. Samuel F. Miller, late of the
United States supreme court. After his admis-
sion to the United States district court at Keo-
kuk, he was examined and admitted to practice
in Missouri, where he began professional work
in 1858. His first presidential vote was cast
for Abraham Lincoln and from the first he was
a thorough believer in Free Soil and the prin-
ciples of the emancipation proclamation. In
1861 he became connected with the govern-
ment service at Washington, where he re-
mained until the fall of 1864. Returning to
Missouri, he bore a part in the reorganization
of the state. In January, 1865, he was made
bookkeeper to the state treasurer. In July,
same year, he was appointed clerk of the su-
preme court, which position he held for eight
years. Later he engaged in practice, also es-
tablished the first daily Republican paper in
Jefferson City, Mo., continuing as editor of the
.same until 1885.

Owing to ill health, M'". lUircli fdund contin-

ued residence in Missouri impossible, and there-
fore, in 1887, disposed of his interests in Jef-
ferson City and came to California. The town
site of Tropico had just been laid out in the
midst of a large sheep ranch. Being attracted
by the climate, he bought five acres and erected
a residence, where he has since made his home.
In addition he owns five acres at Glendora.
For a few years he conducted an active practice
in Los Angeles, where he had his office, but
since the summer of 1901 he has given his at-
tention to the work of notary public in Trop-
ico, confining his attention to office work,
including the drawing up of wills. For years
during his residence in iNIissouri he was
an active Republican politician, but of late
}ears he has not been a participant in pub-
lic afTairs, although his interest in national
problems is deep and sincere. With his fam-
ily, he holds membership in the Presbyterian
Church, while fraternally he is connected with
the lodge and chapter of Masonry. July 7,
1859, he married Miss Gertrude Ayres, of
Alexandria, Mo. Four children were born of
their union, namely: Maude, at home; Win-
nie, who married Lewis Wagner, formerly of
Jefiferson City, Mo., and now of Denver, Colo.:
Emmons, at home; and Asa, who was drowned
at six years of age. During the period of his
residence in Tropico Mr. Burch has won many
warm friends among the people of this vicinity,
and is himself devoted to the welfare of the
town and its people. However, he has never
forgotten his old Missouri home, but in mem-
ory often lives over again the stirring scenes of
war times in which he participated. When re-
turning to Jefferson City to visit old friends he
was greeted with the heartiest pleasure by the
comrades of days gone by, and from none was
there a warmer welcome than from the "boys"
who were in his employ when he edited the
Jefferson City State Journal, and who have
since succeeded to the active management of
the paper.

A. S. BINBV. During the early days of Cal-
ifornia's history as a state. Mr. Bixby came
hither from the far distant shores of jMaine,
where he was born, in Somerset county, in
1831. He was the eldest of ten children, all of
whom are still living except two, the youngest
of the eight being over fifty years of age. His
parents. Simon and Deborah (Flint) Bixby,
were natives of Maine, and died there at the
respective ages of fifty-eight and seventy years,
after having spent their busy lives in the midst
of farm toil and surroundings. Mrs. Bixby was
a daughter of Dr. Thomas Flint, a pjiysician of
Farmington, Me., and he in turn was a son of
Thomas Flint, Sr., who served as a surgeon on
a privateer during the war of the Revolution.

Tlie educational advantages offered tn the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

743

boys and girls of his locality when Mr. Bixby
was a boy were exceedingly meagre, as the
school was held for only eight or ten weeks
out of the year. However, in spite of this lack
of advantages, by observation and by experi-
ence he has acquired a fund of valuable in-
formation upon all topics of importance to him
as a citizen and horticulturist. Setting out as
an independent farmer when he attained his ma-
jority, for five years he tilled the soil in his
home state, and then came to the Pacific coast.
Here his first occupation was that of raising
sheep on a ranch in Monterey county, and for
a considerable period he followed the stock-
raising business. It was not until 1877 ^^^^ ^""^
turned his attention more exclusively to citrus
culture, in which he is now engaged at Sierra
Madre, having during the year named pur-
chased five acres at this place. While the
ranch is small, it bears first-class improvements,
and is a valuable piece of property. In politics
he votes with the Republican party, fraternally
is connected with the Masonic order, and in
religion attends the Congregational Church.
By his marriage to Mary L. Goodwin, who was
born, reared and educated in Dresden, Me., he
has four children, viz.: Alice May, who is the
wife of Albert J. Close, residing in Pomona,
Cal.; Lulu A., at home; William F., now in
Troy, N. Y.; and Florence L., who is with her
parents in their Sierra Madre home.

CAPT. WILLIAM WRAY FREEMAN. A
knowledge of the science of deduction, supposed
to be the foundation of the success of Sherlock
Holmes and other students of criminology, and
which, sifted from all subterfuge, is naught save
a profound insight into intricate human nature
and all its workings, has been profitably and
even profoundly studied by Capt. William Wray
Freeman, expert detective and chief of police of
Pasadena.

Of Swedish parentage, Mr. Freeman was born
at Genoa Junction, Walworth county. Wis., No-
vember 4, 1866, and is a son of Adolph and
grandson of Carl Freeman. The paternal grand-
father was a man of affairs and prominence in
Sweden, and connected with the government as
secretary of war. In response to worthy ambi-
tions he emigrated to America with his sons,
Otto, Adolph, William, John and Harmon, and
settled upon purchased land in Walworth
county. Wis. John and Harmon afterward emi-
grated to Nebraska and Kentucky, respectively.
Thereupon he returned to Sweden, the land of
his birth, to continue his official duties and died
on his estate, "Malimo," at Wally Hara, Ock
Skara, Burgs Lane, Sweden, after a life directed
into worthy channels. His sons, Adolph. Wil-
liam and Otto, continued to reside in Wisconsin,
and their native sagacity and business ability

found ample opportunity among the practically
inexhaustible timber regions. They became
large dealers in lumber, and under the firm
name of l^reeman Brothers were well known
throughout the southern part of the state. They
were the founders of Genoa Junction, from
which headquarters they conducted their ever-
increasing business. The father of Capt. Wil-
liam died February 12, 1871, but his brother
William is now living retired in Pasadena. Otto
died from the effects of a fall, September 11,
1902, aged seventy-nine years. Adolph Free-
man married Melissa M. Chatfield, a native of
New York state, and an early settler of Wis-
consin. She became the mother of two chil-
dren, of whom Capt. William is the oldest, the
other son, Dean A., being a resident of Pasa-
dena, and connected with the Pasadena Manu-
facturing Company.

After graduating from the high school at
Lake Geneva, Wis., Captain Freeman came to
Pasadena in March of 1886, and the following
year entered the employ of a private detective
agency at Los Angeles, with which he remained
four years. He was very successful and had a
natural aptitude for the work, his success lead-
ing to his promotion to the positions of captain
of patrol, deputy sheriff of Los Angeles county,
and to the government secret service. In De-
cember of 1893 he returned to Pasadena and
started a private detective agency and mer-
chants' night patrol, which was the first of the
kind in the history of the city, and though he
started with comparatively little capital or influ-
ence, his business grew apace and he was soon
able to increase his force from himself alone
to six men. May 6, 1901, he was tendered the
position of first chief of police of Pasadena, his
term of service beginning with the adoption of
the new city charter. He has organized a very
efficient force, and has maintained a high state
of order in the city. Captain Freeman is in-
tensely interested in every phase of his chosen
work, and regards it from an extremely broad-
minded and liberal standpoint. He believes that
all punishment should carry with it reformation
if possible, especially in juvenile cases, and that
all crime is more or less of a disease, and should
be regulated accordingly.

The substantial residence erected by Captain
Freeman at No. 160 South Moline street is pre-
sided over by his wife, who was formerly X'iola
M. Root, a native of Minnesota, and whom he
married March 10, 1892, in San Pedro, Cal.
Four children have been born of this union,
Naomi M., Ruth C, Carl W., and Gerald C. Mr.
Freeman is a stanch Republican, and is frater-
nally connected with the Benevolent and Pro-
tective Order of Elks. He is a member of the
Board of Trade, and is a charter member of the
Association of Chiefs of Police of the Pacific
Coast.

(44:

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

JOHN P. CHAFFIN. One of the foremost
real-estate men in Pasadena is John P. Chaffin,
who came here in 1896, preceded by an ex-
tended business career in other parts of the
country. He was born in Naples, Me., July 2,
1848, and, because of the loss of his father
when five years old, was obliged at an early
age to enter the ranks of the employed. His
parents, Orrin P. and Dorothy (Green) Chaffin,
were born in Maine, the former in Acton, and
the latter died in Windham. The father was
descended from one of three brothers who came
from England to Massachusetts at a very early
day, and he was a stonecutter by occupation.
Of his seven children, John P. is second young-
est, while another son, Orrin B., resides in Port-
land, Me., and was a soldier in a Maine regi-
ment during the Civil war.

At the age of fourteen John P. Chaffin began
to clerk in an hotel in Portland and was later
connected with a clothing manufactorj' in Gor-
ham. At Acton, Mass., in 1873, owing to the
stringency of the times, the manufacturing plant
having closed, he began firing a boiler for the
American Powder Company, and before leav-
ing this concern at the end of seven years had
risen to the superintendency of the motive
power of the plant. Upon returning to Maine
he was for a time with a clothing manufacturer
at Gray, and then went into the piano business
at Mechanic Falls. For the following seven
years he was identified with the real-estate busi-
ness in Waltham, and during that time helped
to organize the American Waltham Manufac-
turing Company, of which he was secretary
and acting treasurer. This concern manufac-
tured the Waltham Comet three ball-bearing
wheels, and was very successful under the capa-
ble management of such men as Mr. Chafifin.
In 1896 he disposed of his interest in the bicycle
manufactory, and, locating in Pasadena, Cal.,
engaged in the bicycle and real-estate business
at No. 104 East Colorado street. In connection
therewitJi he had a bicycle store in Los Angeles
for a year, his main wheels being the Waltham
Comet. As his real-estate business increased
in proportions he found it necessary to devote
his entire time to it, and therefore disposed of
the wheel business entirely. The firm of J. P.
Chaffin & Sons includes the two sons of Mr.
Chaffin, Clifford G. and Ralph S., and does a
large business not only in real estate, but in
stocks and bonds. Mr. Chaffin is also inter-
ested in oil and mining, and he is a member of
the Board of Trade.

In Windham, Me., Mr. Chaffin married Clara
Emery, a native of that town. Of this union
there are three children, Clifford G., Gertrude
E. and Ralph S. Mr. Chaffin became associ-
ated with the Knights of Pythias in Maine, and
is now a member of the Pasadena lodge. He
is first and foremost a Prohibitionist. In 1884

he was converted to the Methodist Episcopal
faith, and has since been an active promoter
of the interests of that denomination. He is
a steward and class leader, and contributes gen-
erously,' not only to the church, but toward
many worthy enterprises presented for his con-
sideration.

J. F. CLARKE. The large feed and fuel
enterprise conducted by J. F. Clarke since April
of 1895 has been, and still is, a distinct addition
to the commercial soundness of Pasadena. The
headquarters were at first on South Fair Oaks,
and were on a comparatively small scale, but
the increase of business necessitated larger
quarters, and resulted in the erection of the
present building in 1901. The new structure
is admirably fitted to carry on both a retail and
wholesale trade. It is of brick, and covers
ground dimensions of 135x200 feet.

To the reliable and substantial traits of the
Englishmen Mr. Clarke adds the adaptability
of the American born. He comes from that
middle class whose representatives have con-
tributed to England's greatest prestige, and
was born in Bedfordshire, England, in Septem-
ber of 1863. His father, William, was a farmer
and native of Bedfordshire, but in later Hfe re-
moved to Brompton, Kent, a suburb of Lon-
don, where he is at present residing. Mrs.
Clarke was formerly Alaria Bandy, a native of
Bedfordshire, and the mother of four sons and
two daughters, all of whom are living.

Until his sixteenth year J. F. Clarke lived on
his father's farm in Bedfordshire, and then went
to Grangetown. Yorkshire, and entered the
steel works as fireman. In time he worked
himself up to the position of engineer, and after
three years' service in this capacity went up
to London as engineer for the London Tram-
way Coinpany, with whom he remained for two
)ears. March 18, 1886, he sailed from Liver-
pool for Ontario, Canada, and found employ-
ment at Belleville for about a year, removing
to Pasadena October 31, 1887. In spite of his
training as an engineer, Mr. Clarke turned his
attention in Pasadena to carpenter work, and
assisted in the building of the Painter Hotel.
In 1888 he removed to San Francisco and en-
gaged in the transfer and express business, and
in 1892 went to Chicago, where the approach-
ing World's Fair held out inducements to all
kinds of practical labor. In 1891 he was fore-
man of construction on the WigAvam, and also
superintended pulling it down, and he was em-
ployed on the construction of the Transporta-
tion building, and was foreman of construction
on the California state building. He was also
foreman of construction for the sheds under
which the trains unloaded passengers.

While in Chicago, April 5, 1893, Mr. Clarke
married Margaret Breckenridge, a daughter of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

745

James Breckenridge, who was born in Scot-
land, and became a merchant in Godridge, Can-
ada. He married Grace Wilson, of Godridge,
Canada, daughter of George Wilson, a farmer
in the north. Mrs. Clarke is the mother of one
child, Grace Elizabeth. Mr. Clarke continued
the carpenter business in Chicago until locat-
ing in Pasadena, October 31, 1894. For a time
he worked at his trade, but in 1895 started his
present feed and fuel business. He has a pleas-
ant home in North Pasadena, on the northeast
corner of Glorietta and the county road. Mr.
Clarke is a member of the Merchants' Pro-
tective Association, of which he served as di-
rector, and he is politically allied with the Re-
publican party.

HON. C. F. COOKE. Years of intimate
association with the business affairs and public
life of Rhode Island are being crowned by an
attractive experience with the land of sunshine,
where Mr. Cooke now makes his home at Mon-
rovia. He was born at North Foster, R. I.,
February 2, 1837, being next to the eldest
among the six children of James G. and
Eleanor (Fisher) Cooke, natives respectively of
Gloucester and Cumberland, R. I., the former
born August 10, 1807, the latter born two days
before. The maternal grandfather, Avery
Fisher, was born in Cumberland, R. I., and
followed the blacksmith's trade there and at
Woodstock, Conn. The paternal grandfather,
William Cooke, was a lifelong resident and
farmer of Gloucester. Thence James G. Cooke
moved to North Foster, where he carried on a
general mercantile store for over a half century
and for about the same period served as post-
master, dying there in 1883.

A fair common-school education, supple-
mented by attendance at Greenwich Academy,
prepared C. F. Cooke for the occupation of
teaching, which he followed during the win-
ters and in the summer engaged in farming.
While still a mere boy he had bought and im-
proved seventy-five acres of fend, and this farm
he still owns. Agriculture formed his principal
occupation, but in connection with it he had
numerous important interests. Under his
father's influence he had early imbibed Repub-
lican principles, and a subsequent study of the
great political parties caused no change in his
views. His intelligence and ability qualified
him for leadership in his community, and fre-
quently he was called to positions of honor and
trust. For two years he was a member of the
town council of Foster. So satisfactory was his
service that he was called to higher offices,
being for two terms a member of the Rhode
Island house of representatives and for one
term a member of the state senate, where he
favored bills for the benefit of his constituents
and the general welfare of the state.

Arriving in California January i, 1889, Mr.
Cooke spent six months as manager of the Hol-
lenbeck ranch in Covina, since which time he
has made Alonrovia his home, having been in
the grocery business five years, also a dealer
in real estate, and smce 1895 a justice of the
peace. Many friends have been won to him
since he cast in his lot with the Californians,
and his wife shares with him in the general es-
teem. He was married in North Scituate, R. I.,
to Miss Alzada Hopkins, whose father, Obadiah
Hopkins, was born at North Foster, R. I., in
1800, and was a farmer and lumber manufac-
turer. Born of their union are a son and two
daughters, namely: James A., who is traveling
for A. Schilling & Co., of San Francisco; Celia
.\nnette, wife of D. Bascom, of Los Angeles;
and Frances M., who is a bookkeeper with the
Capital Milling Company of Los Angeles.

J. R. CUTTING. Though a comparatively re-
cent accession to the ranks of the horticulturists
of Southern California, Mr. Cutting is by no
means a newcomer in the state, for he has made
his home here since 1868, and therefore merits
the distinction of being a pioneer. After a long
and honorable identification with railroading, in
September of 1898 he turned his attention to
ranching, at which time he bought thirteen
acres at Monrovia and here established his
home. A comfortable residence adds beauty
to the property, while rows of citrus and de-
ciduous trees annually furnish a considerable
income in return for the care and cultivation
expended upon them.

The Cutting family was established in Ver-
mont several generations gone by. From that
state Elijah Cutting, a farmer, removed to Ohio
and settled near Upper Sandusky, where he
died. His son, Linus, who was born in Ver-
mont in 1794, followed the trade of a miller
and millwright, accumulating by steady indus-
try the means which permitted him to pass the
twilight of his life in retirement and ease. When
eighty-one years of age he passed awav at his
home in Kenton, Ohio. Six sons and three
daughters had been born of his marriage to
Eliza Conkling, who was born in 1802 where
the city of Cincinnati now stands. Her father.
Samuel Conkling, was a native of Scotland and
came to the United States in early manhood,
settling in Ohio. He was a man of great indu.s-
try, a devoted follower of the Methodist Epi.«-
copal Church and honored wherever known.

The youngest of the children of L. and Eliza
(Conkling) Cutting, J. R. Cutting was born in
Ohio January 18, 1841. No event of special
importance marked the years of his youth, hut
in early manhood he experienced all the ex-
citement incident to the Civil war with its trail
of sorrow and of blood. Naturally his svmpa-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

thies were enlisted in behalf of the Union, and
with the ardor of a patriot he resolved to offer
himself to the cause he supported. At the
opening of the conflict, when the first call was
made for volunteers, his name was enrolled
with Company G, Fourth Ohio Infantry, as-
signed to General McClellan. In all the ex-
citement of the Peninsular campaign he bore
his part loyally and well, enduring the vicissi-
tudes of war, the tedium of camp life and the
strain of forced marches, with a courage worthy
of a regular soldier, and scarcely to be expected
from an undisciplined recruit. Those were
days that tried men's souls and brought out the
best in them, and in the galaxy of brave soldiers
he merits a distinctive place. At the expiration
of his term of service he was mustered out at
Newark, N. J., but immediately offered himself
again to his country, enlisting in Company E,
Ninety-first New York Infantry, at Albany,
N. Y., in September of 1864. Again he went
to the front with his regiment and remained
v.ith it until the final discharge was received,
July 2.3, 1865, after which he resumed the pur-
suits of civic life.

During 1868 ]\lr. Cutting came to California,
where he was employed as a conductor V/ith
the Central Pacific Railway Company for ten
years, meantime making Oakland his home.
For some years he was engaged as a conductor
on the Overland route, and for two years also
served as city marshal of Oakland. After a
short experience with life in Idaho he came to
Los Angeles in 1888, about the same time se-
curing employment as conductor with the Santa
Fe Railroad Company. Ten years were given
to the service of this company, and on his re-
tirement he came to Monrovia, where he has
since resided. Every acquaintance of Mr. Cut-
ting is familiar with his devotion to the Repub-
lican party and his constant support of its prin-
ciples. Personally he is a man of firmness of
character and force of will, with the stature of
a soldier and the geniality of a railroad man.
Among the people of Monrovia he has a host
of warm friends. He has been twice married,
first in Springfield, Ohio, when Miss Louise
Philbrick, a native of Massachusetts, became
his wife. At her death she left two children,
Edwin and Nehie. His present wife was Mrs.
Belle Lynch, who has two children, Philip and
Isabel. '

GEORGE F. DUTTON. Many years be-
fore the abolition of slavery became a question
of national importance, a wealthy farmer and
slave-owner, becoming convinced that the traf-
fic in human beings was unjust, liberated his
slaves and removed to Ohio, where he bought
large tracts of unimproved land. In religion
he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. Though of English descent, he was

a loyal American and was proud of the fact that
his ancestors served in the Revolutionary war.
His son, Mrdin, a native of Delaware, engaged
in milling and farming in Ohio, whence about
1845 he removed to the then frontier of Indiana,
and died at Wabash, that state. In early man-
liood he married Hannah Carey, who was born
in Sussex county, Del., of Scotch-Irish descent;
her death occurred in Ohio in 1885. Of the
nine children born to this union all but one
attained maturity, and two sons and three
daughters still survive, George F. being the
oldest son and the only member of the family
on the Pacific coast. He was born in Marion,
Ohio, August 20, 1838, and at twelve years of
age lost his father, shortly after which he be-
gan to make his own way in the world, secur-
ing employment in a brickyard and later on a
railroad.

July 19, 1862, the name of George F. Dutton
was enrolled in Company A, Seventy-fifth In-
diana Infantry, which was mustered in at In-
dianapolis August 20, same year. For a time
he served as orderly sergeant, but January 23,
1863, he was promoted to be second lieutenant,
and as such participated in the battles of Stone
River, Hoover's Gap, the advance on Tulla-
homa, and the battle of Chickamauga, where he
commanded his company. After the capture of
Chattanooga he was taken seriously ill and for
this reason resigned his commission and re-
turned home October 23, 1863. As soon as he
had regained his health sufficiently to take up
business matters, he began work as a cabinet-
maker, which he followed some years. How-
ever, his health still being far from satisfactory,
he decided to try a change of climate, and in
March, 1868, went to Kansas, settling at Erie,
Neosho county, and embarking in the manu-
facture of furniture. While living there he and
his partner built the Neosho county courthouse.
In 1872 he removed to Parsons, Kans., where
he carried on a large building business. For
a year subsequent to this he engaged in build-
ing bridges for the Missouri, Kansas & Texas
Railroad Company, after which he was chief of
police of Parsons, and later opened a store in
the Postofifice building, where he carried news-
papers, stationery and notions. His next loca-
tion was Neodesha, Kans., where he was a mem-
ber of a firm dealing in hardware and agri-
cultural implements.

The fall of 1881 found Mr. Dutton in Los
Angeles, Cal, where he became a contractor and
builder, and erected about seventy houses.
However, the cessation of the boom proved
disastrous to building enterprises and caused
him to seek another occupation. Removing to
Glendale, he opened a grocery, becoming the
first merchant of the town and erecting the first
store building there. In addition, for a time he
was postmaster, and for five years conducted a

l-kJ^At-^^-^-^T^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

749

farm. On selling out he returned to Los
Ang-eles, where he engaged in business, but
after two and one-half years resumed ranching.
During the summer of 1899 he worked at his
trade in Washington and British Columbia, but
in August of that year returned to Los Angeles
county and embarked in the strawberry busi-
ness with his son-in-law, Mr. Griswold, of
Tropico, since which time he has made this
place his home.

The first marriage of Mr. Dutton united him
with Miss Martha Chamness, who was born at
Wabash, Ind., and died there in 1879, leaving
two children, namely: Ernest, of Seattle, Wash.:
and Mrs. Claudia Griswold, of Tropico, Cal.
After the death of his first wafe Mr. Dutton was
united with Miss Cora Buckles, who was born
in Champaign county. 111. Their children are
named as follows: Jesse, of Los .\ngeles: Harry,
who is in Portland. Ore. ; and William, at home.
Fraternally Mr. Dutton is connected with the
Knights o'f Pythias and Bartlett Logan Post. G.
A. R., of Los Angeles.

H. A. NELSON. The Los Baris Canon, ex-
tending back from the sea into the Santa Bar-
bara mountains, has a narrow strip of tillable
land which widens out into an almost round
pocket. Here, in the midst of a walnut grove
of three hundred trees grown from the seed,
is the rarely picturesque home of Mr. Nelson,
than which there is none prettier in Santa Bar-
bara county. A finely constructed stone man-
sion aftords shelter for one of the most success-
ful and happy families for miles around, and
towering mountain crags on either side, covered
with shrubbery and variegated vegetation, seem
to shut out the worry and strife of the world of
commerce and bustle beyond; and the radiance
of the sunset from this particular place is well
worth traveling many leagues to see. Mr. Nel-
son came here in 1883 and bought two hundred
acres of land, built his stone house, and set out
his walnuts, and is now engaged in general farm-
ing and stock-raising, large numbers of hogs,
cattle and horses bemg placed on the market
every year. He has a good barn and plenty of
water from the mountains, and his staple crop
of walnuts averages over one hundred and fifty
pounds per tree, although he has raised as many
as four hundred and thirty pounds.

The birth of Mr. Nelson occurred in Schuyler
county, 111., in 1845, his father, Henry, being a
native of Ohio, and an early settler of Illinois,
where he died. The mother. Mary Ann (Teal)
Nelson, also died in that state, 'in 1875 Mr.
Nelson left the surroundings of his youth and
came west, and for six years lived in Nevada,
where he was engaged in the lumber business.
He came to Santa Barbara county in 1881 and
settled at his present location in the canon, and
has become one of the best known and most suc-

cessful of the Santa Barbara agriculturists and
walnut growers. He is interested in the general
development of his locality, and is now in pol-
itics a Populist, but formerly affiliated with the
Democratic party.

Mrs. Nelson was formerly Louise Darnell, a
native of Illinois, and her marriage to Mr. Nel-
son occurred in Illinois in 1875. Of this union
there is one daughter, Jessie, who is the wife
of Mr. Rutherford, and who lives with her hus-
band on her father's ranch. Mr. Rutherford
assists in working the farm, and is a progressive
and industrious man. He is the father of one
son, Stephen Nelson Rutherford.

RHODOLPHUS DOTY. Preceded by an
nnusuallv successful career as an expert engi-
neer, Mr. Doty came to Pasadena in the spring
of 1889, and has since been identified with the
upbuilding of many enterprises in the city and
county. Although born in Macedon, Wayne
county, N. Y., in 1834, he was taken the fol-
lowing year to Lorain county, Ohio, where his
father, Aaron, died when his son was eight
years of age. He was thus left an orphan, for
his mother, formerly Polly Grandy, a native of
New York, and daughter of Rhodolphus
Grandy, died when he was five years of age.
Rhodolphus Grandy was a soldier in the war of
1812, and in 1830 removed from New York to
Lorain county, Ohio, where he engaged in
building and farming. Besides Rhodolphus
Doty, there were two other children born to
his parents, and of these, Andrew J. died in
Cleveland in 1853; while Moses is a resident of
Cleveland, and an engineer by trade, during the
Civil war having served as a member of the
engineer corj^s.

Until 1840 Rhodolphus Doty lived in Spen-
cer, Ohio, and then removed to the vicinity of
Akron, Summit county, where he attended the
district schools and academy, and also learned
the machinist's trade. His apprenticeship was
primarily served in the Ravenna (Ohio) car-
riage works, after which he went to Cleveland
and learned mechanical engineering at the
Phoenix foundry. For the following three
years he served a further apprenticeship with
John McClellan, learning to construct marine
engines, and for the succeeding forty years
was identified with machinery interests in Cleve-
land. For nineteen years he was on the
lakes, principally with the Union Steamship
Company, and was also superintending engi-
neer for Mark A. Hanna, part owner of the
Cleveland Transportation Company, in the lat-
ter capacity employed to put in engines for
seventeen years. In Cleveland also he was in-
terested in the manufacture of engines and ma-
chinery under the firm name of R. Doty &
Company; and he was also one of the organ-
izers of the Cleveland Transportation Company,

:50

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

o{ which he was superintending engineer until
the disincorporation of the compan)- in 1886.
After this line was well established, Mr. Doty
for twelve years and three months acted as
chief engineer of the Cleveland water works,
and still remained as consulting engineer of the
Cleveland Transportation Company. During
his twelve years and three months' service for
the city he put in five water works engines,
three of which were ten million and two fifteen
million gallon capacity. He raised the standard
of the works and left it in fine condition, and
resigned only on account of failing health.
Twice the company gave him vacations cover-
ing three and four months, and he utilized these
opportunities by spending the winter of 1886
and 1887 in California. The change of climate
was so materially beneficial that he settled per-
manently in Pasadena in i88g, and soon after
became connected with the Pasadena Electric
Light Company, of which he was vice-president
and director until the company was sold to the
Edison Company. He was one of the organ-
izers of the National Marine Engineers' Bene-
fit Association, of which he was treasurer for
several years, and he had formerly been presi-
dent for several years of the Local Marine En-
gineers' Benefit Association of Cleveland.

Mr. Doty has many substantial interests in
Pasadena and different parts of California. He
is interested in mining, his stocks being princi-
pally in the Inyo County Mining and Develop-
ing Company. In i8gi he purchased ten acres
of new land in Redlands, on the Bear A'alley
Ditch, where he set out oranges of various vari-
eties, and put in a pumping plant of twelve
inches' capacity, which is a more than adequate
supply for all his needs. He is the owner of
three acres of land on Mountain street, which
is set out in orange and walnut trees. He is
a member of the Pasadena Orange Growers'
.Association, and was formerly a stockholder in
the California Co-operative Colony at Clear-
water, Los Angeles county.

In Nelson, Portage county, Ohio, January
2J, 1859, Air. Doty married Lois Amy Roper,
a native of Braceville, Trumbull county, Ohio,
and whose parents were born in New England,
but were early settlers in Ohio. Of the chil-
dren born to ^Ir. and Mrs. Doty seven are now
living, namely: Oiarles R., a resident of Cleve-
land; Mrs. Fannie Fletcher, of Cory, Pa.;
George F., who is bookkeeper for the First
National Bank at Pasadena, and is a graduate
of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
Henry A., also a bookkeeper for the First Na-
tional Bank, and a graduate of the Los Angeles
Business College ; Amy A., wife of Charles Bren-
ner, of Pasadena; Lida and Eilleen. Ezra Roper,
the father of Mrs. Doty, was born in Con-
necticut, in which state three brothers Roper
settled after emigrating from England. He was

an early settler of Braceville, where he engaged
in farming and where he died in 1850. He was
a soldier in the war of 1812, and an industrious,
honoraljle citizen. Airs. Roper was also born in
Connecticut, and was of English descent, and
at the time of her death in Ohio left five chil-
dren, all of whom are living, Mrs. Doty being
the second. George Roper lives in San Fran-
cisco; Francis B., in Topeka, Kans. ; Aaron E.,
in Youngstown, Ohio; and Charles L., in
O'Brien, Wash.

ROLLIN DUNSHEE. The history of
Santa Barbara county would be incomplete
without due and even particular reference to
the abilities and attributes of RoUin Dunshee,
with whose name is connected all that is best
in the early and later development of Monte-
cito. A native of the town of Bristol, Addison
county, V't., he was born in July of 1820, a son
of John and Alma (Dowd) Dunshee, who were
born in Vermont. On the maternal side, the
Dowd family were very early settlers of New
Haven, Vt., and at the present time are still
represented in that commimity. The Dunshee
homestead in Vermont came into the family
many years ago, the paternal grandfather hav-
ing settled there when Addison county was a
wilderness.

The second son in a family of nine children,
Rollin Dunshee lived in Addison county until
nearly forty years of age. A portion of the
homestead fell to his inheritance, and for many
years he was a manufacturer of wagons, known
the country over as the Dunshee wagons, also
an equally high grade of buggies being made
by him. The last conveyance manufactured
under his supervision in the east, took the
premium at the district fair. In i860 he trans-
ferred his field of activity to the coast, coming
by way of Panama and thence to San Francisco.
At San Jose he engaged in his former occupa-
tion for about five years, and then returned to
Vermont, to find that it compared to its dis-
advantage with the broader opportunities in the
west. Again locating in San Jose, he continued
to manufacture buggies and wagons, shipping
most of the hardwood lumber for their con-
struction from the east. In 1873 he came to
Santa Barbara, where lived a brother, John
Dunshee, also engaged in the manufacture of
wagons and buggies, and he here retired per-
manently from the manufacturing business, and
engaged in real-estate investment and specula-
tion.

In 1885 Mr. Dunshee settled on his ranch at
JMontecito, which, however, had been in his pos-
session for several years. Here he lives one of
those ideal existences of which few have the
inclination to avail themselves, or, having which,
do not know how to encompass. Alone, yet
never alone, he is surrounded with the unchang-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

751

ing companionship of books, those versatile
friends of the cultured mind. In keeping with
this broadly comprehensive appreciation of the
fine things of life is the gentle humanitarianism
which dictates an interest, and suggests a prac-
tical help in innumerable instances, and which
has gained him a reputation second to none as
a sure help in time of need.

In politics a Republican, Mr. Dunshee has
been prominently before the public for years,
especially in his native state, which nominated
and elected him to the legislature with Esking.
Since coming to Santa Barbara county he has
served as a school trustee. Fraternally he en-
joys a wide reputation, and always takes an
active interest in Masonic lodges, being known
as one of the best degree workers in the state.
He is a member of the Santa Barbara Lodge
No. 191, and has been master of the lodge for
six years m succession; he is also past high
priest of the Corinthian Chapter, R. A. M. It
is generally conceded that he has most gener-
ously contributed to the general enterprises for
building up the county.

ELIZABETH PASSMORE EVANS, the
genial and successful manager of The Pliila-
delphia, creditably fills a demand among tour-
ists and permanent residents of Pasadena, for
no better managed hostelry caters to an ex-
clusive Southern California trade. The name
of the hotel is an appropriate one, for Phila-
delphia is the principal city of the state whose
fertile acres were tilled by the Evans ancestors.
Miss Evans herself, her father, Thomas P.; her
grandfather, another Thomas; and her great-
grandfather, John, having been born in Chester
county. Thomas P. Evans, unlike his father
and grandfather, branched off from farming to
manufacturing in Westchester, and was also
active in Republican affairs, serving two terms
as clerk of courts of Chester county. During
the Civil war he served in a Pennsylvania regi-
ment, and he was always well known in fra-
ternal circles, being a member of the Masons,
Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias. He died
in July, 1901, at Swarthmore, Pa., and with his
wife, who died January 5, 1902, while living with
her daughter in Pasadena, is buried in West-
chester cemetery. The mother was formerly
Phebe Smedley, also a native of Chester county,
nnd daughter of Isaac and Mary (Hawley)
.Smedley, born in Pennsylvania. The parents
were married for more than fifty-two years, and
reared three children, of whom Elizabeth Pass-
more is the youngest and only one in Cali-
fornia. John is a resident of Wilmington, Del.
and Ellen H. is the wife of Ferris W. Price.
Ijrofessor of Latin at Swarthmore College, of
which institution she is also a graduate, and is
secretary of the school board. Mrs. Price is
very prominent in club affairs, and is well

known as an advocate of woman suffrage. On
the maternal side of the family, the Smedleys
were all members of the Society of Friends.

After completing her education in West-
chester, Elizabeth Passmore Evans spent a
couple of years in Europe in recreation and
study, and from 1889 until 1891 lived in Phil-
adelphia. In December of 1892 she came to
California as an invalid, and after recovering her
health engaged in the hotel business in 1894,
undertaking the management of the Raymond
Villa for a couple of years. In 1898 she pur-
chased the house in which she now lives at No.
521 North Fair Oaks avenue, and named it The
Philadelphia. So successful did this venture
prove that the accommodations proved inade-
quate, and an enlargement became necessary in
1902. i\Iiss Evans is interested in the social life
by which she is surrounded, and in which her
broad mind and culture appear to special ad-
vantage. She is an active member of the
Christian Science Church.

WILLIAM T. GLASSELL. Connected witli
the history of Los Angeles as a member of one
of its influential pioneer families, Mr. Glassell
was born in Santa Cruz, Cal., January 14, 1863,
and is a son of Andrew and Lucy (Toland)
Glassell, natives respectively of Virginia and
South Carolina. His maternal grandfather was
the founder of the Toland Aledical College of
San Francisco and afterward presented the in-
stitution to the state of California, since which
time it has been an adjunct of the State Uni-
versity. Kxtended mention of his father, An-
drew Glassell, is made elsewhere in this volume,
where also may be found sketches of his
brothers Hugh and Andrew Glassell (the fifth in
direct line to bear that name), and his sisters,
Mrs. H. M. Mitchell and Mrs. J. DeP.arth
Shorb.

The earliest associations of William T.
Glassell cluster around Los Angeles, to which
city his parents removed when he was two years
of age. His education was begun in local public
schools and continued in a high school at Oak-
land, Cal., where he was a student for two
years. Returning home, he assisted for a time
on his father's ranch, and then acquired a ranch
of his own at Florence. The fifty acres were in
a vineyard, but after he had managed the prop-
erty for three years the vines suffered the fate
of so many similar properties in Southern Cali-
fornia. Renting the place, he returned to Los
Angeles, and for three years studied dentistry
under Dr. Crawford, and also engaged in min-
ing in Ventura county for six months or more.
Since the death of his father he has devoted him-
self to the management of a portion of the es-
tate. As yet he has not participated actively in
politics, nor has he had any desire for official
prominence, and he takes no part in public af-

752

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

fairs except the casting of a vote for Demo-
cratic candidates.

The first marriage of Mr. Glassell united him
with Aliss Lillie Solomon, of Los Angeles, who
died August 24, 1898, leaving a son, Hobart P.
His present wife bore the maiden name of Fan-
nie Moore and prior to her marriage resided at
Ivanhoe near Los Angeles. One son has been
born of this union, William T., Jr.

REV. JOHN H. HARRIS. Thirty years of
self-sacrificing labor as a minister of the gospel
make the record by which Mr. Harris is held
in affectionate remembrance. Aluch of his work
was of the nature of home missionary effort, thu
planting of congregations on the frontier, the
building up of churches in the midst of strange
and often discouraging surroundings, the hold-
ing aloft of the name of Christ among men and
women who were laying the foundation of re-
ligion, education, morahty and business pros-
perity in their various communities.

A native of Akron, Ohio, Air. Harris was a
son of Andrew and Elizabeth (Dreher) Harris,
who were respectively of English and German
descent. The father, who was born in Essex
county, 'N. Y., became a farmer near Akron,
Ohio, and it was on this homestead that the son
passed the years of youth. Though possessing
only limited means, the parents were ambitious
for their children, and, recognizing their son's
ability, they gave him the best educational ad-
vantages possible, in which he assisted by pay -
mg, to a large extent, his own way while in col-
lege. He was graduated from Miami Uni-
versity and from the Western Theological Sem-
inary of Allegheny City, Pa., and was ordained
to the ministry of the Presbyterian Church,
after which he ministered to churches on the
frontier of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and for
some years was an officer in the American and
Foreign Christian Union. Finally, on account
of poor health, resulting from overwork in the
ministry, he found a change of climate neces-
sary, and therefore came to California. Organ-
izing the Presbyterian Church at Hueneme, he
was its pastor until the second failure of his
health again obliged him to retire from minis-
terial work. In November, 1886, his death
occurred at Glendale, bringing to a close a long
and laborious career as an earnest preacher.

At Eaton, Ohio, Alay 21, 1857, occurred the
marriage of J. H. Harris and Harriet Newell
Miller, daughter of John D. and Huldah
Ann (Ayers) Miller, natives respectively of Es-
sex county, N. J., and Montgomery, Orange
county, N. Y. The grandfather, Jonathan MU-
ler, was a sea captain's son and was born in
New Jersey in 1776, but in an early day
settled near Eaton, Ohio. At the time of this
removal John D. Miller was a boy, and his
subsequent years were principally passed in

the vicinity of Eaton, where he engaged in
farming. For some time he conducted in
Eaton a large marble business. His last days
were spent in Glendale, Cal., where he died
at seventy-eight years of age. His wife, who
died in Eaton, Ohio, in i860, was of Scotch
descent and a daughter of E. B. Ayers, who
was born near Morristown, N. J., spent some
years in Newburgh, N. Y., and vicinity, later
settled on a farm in Preble county, Ohio, where
he became an influential citizen. In the family
of John D. Miller there were four daughters
and one son who attained maturity. The
daughters are all living, and three of them
reside in Glendale, viz.: Airs. Harris. Mrs. E. T.
Byram and Mrs. Elias Ayers.

During her girlhood years Mrs. Harris was
given superior advantages, and had the privilege
of studying at Oxford Female College under
Dr. Scott, one of the well-known educators of
his day. In 1856 she was graduated from this
institution and the following year became the
wife of Mr. Harris, in whose labors as a min-
ister she proved a most efficient helpmate and
colaborer. Being fond of music and possessing
ability in the art, she aided him not a little in
raising the standard of church music in his
various parishes. A stanch believer in temper-
ance principles, one of the principal works of
her life has been in connection with the Wo-
men's Christian Temperance Union. During
the crusade days she aided that movement ef-
fectively. For some years after her husband's
death she made her home in Los Angeles, but
in 1896 returned to Glendale, where she has an
attractive and cozy home. With her resides her
daughter. Miss Judson, who inherits her
mother's musical ability and gives and receives
great pleasure through the exercise of this art.
Another daughter. Mrs. Lydia Hamlin, is an in-
structor in music in Tugaloo L^niversity. of
which her husband. Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, D. D.,
is Dean. The only son, Murray M. Harris, is
an organ builder in Los Angeles.

ALBERT GREGORY, In the capacity of
superintendent of the Mesa Alta rancho Air.
Gregory since 1884 has been associated with one
of the most interesting properties in the San
Gabriel valley, and its reputation as one of the
finest estates in the valley is due in large meas-
ure to his keen and capable oversight. A\'hilo
he is well versed in all departments of horti-
culture, it is perhaps as a vineyardist that he is
most experienced and successful. Having made
a, study of the science of raising grapes, he has
applied his theoretical knowledge to such good
purpose that it is everywhere conceded that no
vineyard in all California produces finer grapes
for the making of wines than those raised at
Mesa Alta. In addition, he devotes considera-
ble attention to the breeding of fine horses, and

WILLIAM MORGAN

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

755

now has on the ranch a number of standard-
bred animals of the English Hackney strains.

Mr. Gregory was born at Richland, KeokuJc
county, Iowa, September i8, 1853, being the
second child in the family of Adonijah and
Margaret Jane (Nixon) Gregory, natives respec-
tively of North Carolina and Indiana. His
mother accompanied her parents to Keokuk
county, Iowa, in 1840, where not long after-
ward her father, a farmer, was burned to death
in one of the prairie fires that caused great de-
vastation in early days. In 1876 the Gregory
family removed from Iowa to California an'i
settled at San Jose upon a farm. Four years
later they came to Sierra Madre and took up
horticultural pursuits, the father remaining here
until his death, in 1896. Educated in the local
public schools and Whittier College, Albert
Gregory left school to take up agricultural pur-
suits, which he followed in his native county un-
til his removal to California, in 1884. In young
manhood he married Miss Annie L. Williams,
who was born in Wales and died at Sierra Ma-
dre, Cal., in 1892. Later he was united with Miss
Marcia Stinson, of Kentucky. By his first mar-
riage he is the father of three children, namely:
Anna Jessie, who died at twenty-five years of
age; Brinton Blake, who is with the Title In-
surance and Trust Company of Los Angeles;
and Eva Mabel, wife of L. W. Hill, of Pasadena.
In political views Mr. Gregory is a pronounced
Republican.

WILLIAM MORGAN. A penetrating, ana-
lytical mind, and profound interest in all that
appeals to the strength and sympathy of man-
kind, have guided the activities of William Mor-
gan into channels of vital accomplishment, prin-
cipally among the lumbering regions of
Michigan and the mining districts of the far
west. So many sided has been the career of
this Pasadena capitalist, so extensive have been
his operations in different parts of the country,
and so thoroughly successful has proved his
business judgment, that he has practically fur-
nished material for many careers, and built up
several reputations of equal merit. Nevertheless,
it is as a knight of the pick and shovel, a trav-
eler through thousands of miles of mouiUainous
country in Northern and Southern California,
Colorado, and Dakota, in search of the earth's
hidden treasures, that he has attained his most
prized distinction. No more practical miner has
invaded the mining possibilities of the west; un
one is better prepared with tents and appliances
to start oiif at a moment's notice upon anv trail
of supposed merit; and few have the innate gift
of estimating the value and quality of any kind
of ore by the simple devices of touch, sight and
weighing. The years intervening since he first
went into mining in 1852 liave ]jrepared him
for the credit now accorded him as one of liie

most reliable judges of ore, not only in Cali-
fornia, but in the whole country.

A native of Surrey, England, Mr. Morgan
was born in December, 183 1, and from his
father, Thomas Morgan, inherits that wide ex-
panse of vision which contemplates with prac-
tical certainty the opportunities by which he is
surrounded. The elder Morgan claimed Welsh
ancestors. P'roni the beginning of his career he
evinced marked business ability and in time be-
came a man of wealth. For the' African trade he
purchased two vessels from the English gov-
ernment. In 1844 he brought his family to
America, and bought a large tract of land at
what is now Morgan Park, Chicago, upon which
he lived for the remainder of his life. His wife.
Anna Maria ^lorgan, died, leaving seven sons
and tw(D daughters, five of her sons having died.

William Morgan was thirteen years of age
when he accompanied the family to America,
and at Morgan Park he was placed under the
private instruction of a tutor. When the craze
for gold swept over the land in 1849 his most
ardent wish was to cross the plains with the
caravans then on the way, but parental opposi-
tion prevailed, and instead he entered the office
of an eminent Chicago lawyer. In those days
much copying fell to the lot of the lawyer's
clerk, and the close confinement told upon his
health. He therefore changed his plans in 1852.
and set out for the Traverse country in Michi-
gan. Thus began his association with the region
around Traverse bay, in the building up of which
he was to take so conspicuous a part. He was
one of the pioneers on the field, and with his
partner. Perry Hannah, of Traverse City, se-
lected and surveyed thousands of acres of tim-
ber land, much of which they purchased out-
right. His dream of a western trip was now
within his grasp, and the same year that he went
to Michigan he returned to Chicago and made
arrangements to cross the plains via Humboldt
and the Southern Pass. In September of 1852
he readied Grass Valley and engaged in placer
mining, and thus was inaugurated in the same
year the two great industries of his life, lumber
and mining, in which he has been engaged ever
since. Late in the fall of 1852 he returned to
Chicago via the Nicaragua route, and settled
upon land formerly i)urchased at Blue Island,
where he engaged in farming on and oflf for fif-
teen years. In the mean time he continued to
manufacture lumber at Traverse City. Mich.,
and at the same time had yards in Chicago at
Canal and Jackson streets, removing at a later
day to the corner of Lumber and Maxwell
streets. .As in all lumbering districts, there were
mercantile and banking opportunities, and Mr.
Morgan was with the Hannah-Lay Mercantile
Company as silent partner, which conducted a
large enterprise along mercantile lines, and also
engaged in hanking on a correspon<ling scale.

756

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

These concerns are now among the most sub-
stantial in that part of Michigan, and the Han-
nah-Lay Company are known from one end of
the state to the other. They own the finest busi-
ness block in Traverse City, have all kinds of
stores, and have established one of the finest
summer resorts in America. The Park Place
Hotel, owaied by the company, has few supe-
riors in Michigan or in the country, for that
matter. The company also own large flouring
mills near Traverse City, and their lumber mills
were among the most complete and profitable
to be found anywhere.

Mr. Morgan also has interests in the Traverse
City State Bank, and in the Chicago Chamber
of Commerce building, erected by the Hannah-
Lay Company. He owned lands in jNIadison,
Greenwood county, Kans., but has long since
disposed of his farm at Blue Island, Chicago.
Other property in the great middle west metrop-
olis has passed through his hands, and at the
present time he has large holdings there. In
the time of the boom he came to California and
added to his real-estate possessions by numer-
ous purchases, among others owning a ranch in
South Park, called the Ravens Roost ranch.
His services in Pasadena have been of the sub-
stantial and lasting kind, and he has contributed
greatly to the building interests of the city. He
erected the old postofifice, the Morgan block on
Raymond avenue and the Morgan livery build-
ing, in which is conducted one of the finest liv-
ery enterprises in the west. High-bred horses
and up-to-date rigs are the only kind associated
with this concern, which is the popular head-
quarters for the Wilson Peak tourists, and a
■matter of special pride with its enterprising
owner. Mr. Morgan is the friend and admirer
of man's noblest and most helpful friend, the
horse, and no one better than he understands
his kindly and adaptive nature, and his many just
claims upon the consideration and patience of
his master, man.

January 17, 1856, Mr. Morgan married in Chi-
cago, Emma V. Bingle, a native of New York
state, and a daughter of a New York architect
who early settled in Illinois. Mrs. Morgan died
in Pasadena, October 15, 1898. Since coming to
Pasadena, Mr. Morgan has been unceasing in
his devotion to mining afifairs, and has prose-
cuted his researches in all the surrounding min-
ing regions. He has a line collection of ores,
and is still engaged in mining. He is a stanch
Republican in political affiliation, and was an
ardent admirer of William McKinley. In reli-
gion he is a member of the Episcopal Church.
Too much cannot be said of men who have ideal-
ized the conditions by which they are sur-
rounded, and such lias been the case with Mr.
Morgan. In the primeval forests and the rough
lumber and mining camiis he has maintained an
innate supremacy of character inspiring to all

with whom he has come in contact. He is a
believer in the gieat creed of humanity; of ab-
solute kindness to man and beast; of unselfish-
ness and generosity; and the necessity for gen-
tle judgment where aught is at fault.

HERMAN HOEPPNER. A resident of
California since 1889 and of Pasadena since
1893, Mr. Hoeppner was born in Berlin, Ger-
many, September 10, 1871, and was the young-
est of five children, the others being as follows:
Mrs. Mary Gottleber, of Santa Monica; Otto, a
mason and contractor in Pasadena; Mrs. Bertha
Brueckner, of Los Angeles; and Mrs. Emma
Sutter, also of Los Angeles. The parents, Wil-
liam and Augusta (Kroeger) Hoeppner, were
born in J\lechlenburg, Germany, and the former
followed the occupation of merchant tailoring
in Berlin until his death. Both of the grand-
fathers were soldiers in the German army. After
the death of the father, Mrs. Hoeppner came to
America, and some years later died in Pasadena.

On leavmg the Gemian schools, and when
fourteen years of age, Herman Hoeppner began
an apprenticeship to the locksmith's trade in
the Berlin Safe Works. At the expiration
of his time, in 1889, he crossed the ocean
to America, proceeding direct to Los An-
geles, where, however, he could find no em-
ployment at his trade. He then learned the
mason's trade under his brother, continuing in
this manner for four years, when he came to
Pasadena as a contracting mason with his
brother. Among the contracts in which he was
interested were those for the stone work of the
West residence at Altadena, and the residences
of H. G. Reynolds and Mrs. Hopkins in Pasa-
dena. In 1900 he entered the employ of the Los
Angeles Brewing Company and was appointed
their agent at Pasadena. He is a member of the
Fraternal Brotherhood, in politics always votes
the Republican ticket, and socially is one of the
most active workers in the Pasadena Leider-
kranz, of which he is now the president. Since
boyho.od he has been identified with the
Lutheran Church. After coming to Pasadena
he married Miss Amelia Zuschlag, who w-as
bom near Cologne, Germany. Of their union
one child was born, Ella Elizabeth.

C. K. INGERSOLL. Representative of an
old-established family of America is Mr. Inger-
soll of Monrovia. The first to settle in this
country was a German, who came across the
ocean in boyhood and became so thoroughly
devoted to the welfare of his adopted country
that he joined forces with the patriots who
sought independence. His name appears as
one of the signers of the declaration of inde-
pendence and the constitution of the United
.States. One of the most prominent members of

(^ .-6^ /S^^^^^^OJ^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

757

the family was Robert Ingersoll, of Peoria, 111.,
and later of Washington, D. C. C. K. Inger-
soll was born in New York, December 23, 1843.
In February- of the following year his father,
Jesse, who had been a farmer in New York,
removed to Wisconsin and settled on a raw
tract of prairie land twelve miles from Racine
and twenty-one miles from Milwaukee. Buying
one hundred and sixty acres, he gave himself
closely to the difficult task of evolving a valua-
ble farm, in which aspiration he was successful.
On that homestead he died when eighty-four
years of age. His wife, who was Sarah Kelley,
a native of Canada, died when thirty-two years
of age.

The earliest recollections of C. K. Ingersoll
are associated with the Wisconsin farm, and
there he learned valuable lessons in persever-
ance, industry and determination. On leaving
home he secured employment as a brakeman
on the railroad, but soon was promoted to be
baggageman and afterward served as conductor. •
It is worthy of notice, as indicative of his
energy and ability, that eighteen months after
he began railroading he had charge of a train.
However, the work was not entirely congenial,
so he resigned and in 1870 went to Kansas,
where he homesteaded a quarter section of land
near Jewell City, in Jewell county. He was mar-
ried in 1875 to Miss Rosetta S. Elliott, whoso
father, James T. Elliott, came from England to
Wisconsin in his youth. Two children were
born of their union, but both are deceased.

It was in 1885 that Mr. Ingersoll came to
California. His first location was San Jacinto,
where he bought one hundred and seven acres
of unimproved land. Removing the brush that
covered the ground, he applied himself to the
task of developing a farm, as forty years before
his father had labored to clear and cultivate 1
Wisconsin fami. After a short time he sold this
place and removed to Monrovia, where he
bought fourteen acres of unimproved land. This
he set out in citrus fruits and improved with a
commodious and comfortable residence. The
irrigation of the land is provided for by means
of a reservoir, seventy feet square, eighteen feet
deep, and with a capacity of six hundred and
sixty thousand gallons.

Fraternal organizations have not been a
source of special interest to Mr. Ingersoll, who
belongs to none but the Masonic blue lodge.
Nor has he cared to identify himself witu
political affairs. Through a long course of in
(lustry and the exercise of wise judgment he has
ac«|uired valualjle properties and interests, num-
bered among which is his position as a stock-
holder and director of the First National Rank
of Monrovia. He still owns bank stock and
manufacturing interests in Wisconsin, also has
stock in Los .Angeles banks. .Since coming to
Monrovia he has witnessed nnicii of its develop-

ment and has been depended on to conserve the
best interests of the people. It may be truly
said that Monrovia has no citizen more lovnl
to its welfare than Mr. Ingersoll.

ALBERT S. BRADFORD. Ahhough now
scattered through almost every state in the
Union, many of the members of the Briidford
family still live in New England, where they are
prominent in the Congregational Church, also
as educators and as gifted contributors to the
current literature of their locality. The state of
Maine has been the home of many bearers of
the name, and there Albert S. Bradford was
born, in York county, August 18, 1858. When
barely fourteen years of age he struck out in
the world to earn his own living. His search
for employment was rewarded when he neared
Boston, for he secured work on a market gar-
den farm, remaining for some years in the same
capacity. During this lime he' made a scientific
study of hotbed culture and horticulture, and in
1881 started up a business of his own in the
outskirts of Boston. After a number of years he
assumed the proprietorship of a summer resort
at Burlington, \'t., and later settled at Stone-
ham, Mass., where he was a successful grower
of garden produce.

In 1888 Mr. Bradford came t(j California and
for three years was foreman on the fruit ranch
of Daniel Halladay at Santa Ana. In i8(ji he
settled on the ranch in Placentia which his in
dustry has developed. Twenty-eight of the
thirty-eight acres of his land are devoted to
orange culture and the balance is under walnuts.
The nursery department is his special pride. In
orange culture he has been particularlv success-
ful, his specialties in this fruit being Washing-
ton navels and \alencias.

THOMAS HOLMES. It is no exaggera-
tion to say that the greater part of the fine
granite work turned out in the state of Cali-
fornia comes from the works of Thomas
Holmes in Pasadena, for he is one of the most
expert in his line in the country. He comes of
good old English stock, and was born in Wis-
bech, Cambridgeshire, England, June 22, 1856,
and was educated in the private school of his
native town. His father, William Holmes, was
a prominent merchant of Wisbech, the store
there being but the branch of a larger one in
London, England. The father now lives re-
tired in London, his wife, fomierlv Sarah Ann
I'.radley, having died in 189^). 'She was a
native of London, and was the mother of eight
children, one of whom is deceased, Thomas, the
fifth child, and his sister, being the only ones
in America.

As a boy Thomas Holmes assisted his father
in the store in Wisbech, and eventually he suc-
ceeded to the entire management of that hrancli

T58

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of the business. In the spring of 1884 he im-
migrated to America and Hved for six months
in Marion county, Iowa, the latter part of the
same year going to California on a tour of in-
spection; at the time not fully determined to
abandon his former place of residence. So well
pleased was he with the prospects in the western
state that he decided to remain here, and after
locating in Pasadena secured a position as su-
perintendent of the Mount A'iew cemetery. At
the time the burying place had but thirty
graves. Under the management of Mr. Holmes
k became a place of beauty, and was constantly
improved by the addition of trees, shrubs and
flowers. Meantime he began to be interested in
the granite business, and established works ad-
jacent to the cemetery. His reputation as a
master workman soon spread abroad, and in
1896 he resigned his position as superintendent
to engage in a large contract for Greenwood
cemetery, Brooklyn, N. Y., where he put up a
mausoleum on which he worked for five months.
The same fall he went to England on a visit, and
on his return located again in Pasadena and
devoted his time exclusively to granite contract-
ing. He is now located at No. 120 Fair Oaks
avenue, and makes a specialty of fine granite
work and mausoleums. He built three of the
latter in the cemetery in Pasadena, and he has
also turned out most of the fine monuments and
general granite work in the city. He uses the
California granite to some extent, but for the
larger stones utilizes Barre granite from Ver-
mont. On his grounds he has recently placed
a polishing plant run by electricity, which
greatly facilitates the making of monuments
and fine building stone.

In Middleboro, England, Mr. Holmes mar-
ried Sarah Dobbings, a native of Yorkshire, and
who died in 1 893 "leaving three children: Wil-
liam, who is with his father in business; Henry
and Fred, at home. Mr. Holmes is fraternally
connected with the Knights of Pythias, the
Woodmen of the World, the Sons of St. George
(of which he is president), and the Uniform
Rank, K. of P. He is enterprising- and success-
ful, and is considered one of the substantial
business men of Pasadena.

WILLIAM O. JACKSON. The improve-
ment of his neat little ranch in the Hollywood
district, Los Angeles county, has occupied Mr.
Jackson's time since he came to California in
"1893. Like many of the substantial men of this
state, he is of New England parentage. His
father, Hon. Andrew B. Jackson, was bom near
New Haven, Conn., February 14, 1814, and
while still a boy gained a thorough knowledge
of the harness-maker's trade. He married Mary
.A. Bassett, also a native of Connecticut, and
soon after his marriage became a part of the
tidal wave of innnigration which flowed into the
northwest. Leaving New Haven in 1836, he

sought a new home in Wisconsin territory.
Settling on government land about twelve miles
west of what was then known as Southport, the
site of the present city of Kenosha, he improved
and cultivated a fine farm and also kept one
of the old-time stage taverns and in connection
with this also had a general store.

A man of great natural capacity and much
force of character, Andrew B. Jackson was one
of the most widely known pioneers of Southern
Wisconsin. He served as a member of the con-
stitutional convention which framed the present
organic law of the state of Wisconsin, and be-
came well known throughout the state in later
years as an ardent anti-slavery man. In 1856
iie stumped the state for General Fremont and
again in i860 for Abraham Lincoln. He was a
warm personal and political friend of John F.
Patten, Senator James R. Doolittle and other
distinguished Republicans of the ante-war
period in Wisconsin. While in Washington at-
tending the first inaugviration of Lincoln, he
served as a member of the trusted coterie of the
president's friends and supporters banded to-
gether under the leadership of Gen. Cassius M.
Clay, of Kentucky, to guard the nation's chief
executive from threatened assassination. In
1856 he removed from Kenosha county to Ap-
pleton, and in 1861 was appointed by President
Lincoln register of land office at Menasha, Wis.,
retaining that position until 1866, when he re-
tired from ofifice on account of his refusal to
support the policy of President Andrew John-
son. In 1870 he removed to Chicago, where
he became well known as one of the founders
of the suburban town of Rogers Park, but re-
sided during the later years of his life at Evan-
ston, where he died in 1878. His life was one
of great activity, characterized by manly actions,
and an exemplification of the highest temper-
ance and Christian principles, these qualities be-
ing an inheritance from his parents, Orrin and
Anna (Frisbie) Jackson, who descended from
early-established families in the east.

The marriage of Hon. A. B. Jackson united
him with Mary A. Bassett, who was a member
of a well-known eastern family, one of her
cousins long officiating as doorkeeper of the
senate. She was married in 1836 and lived to be
eighty-one years of age. From girlhood she
was an interested worker in the Methodist
Episcopal Church. Of her four children, the
first-born, E. Gilbert, is engaged in the lumber
business at Oshkosh, Wis.: Andrew is similarly
occupied ; Marv E. is the wife of J. W. Ladd of
Indiana; and William O., the voungest. is the
sole representative of the familv in California.
He was born near Bristol, Kenosha county.
Wis., July "^i, i8t;i, and received his education
in the public schools, supplemented by attend-
ance at the Northwestern L^niversitv of Evan-
ston. 111. .\fter his father's death he was em-
ployed for some years in an ofilicc in Chicago,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

761

but from there went to Merrill, Wis., and se-
cured a clerkship in the First National Bank
of that city. Resigning that position in the
spring of 1893 he came to California and bought
ten acres, comprising west half of lot 44, of tlie
Lick tract, Los Felis rancho. No trees had
been planted and no improvements made, but.
believing the property could be made produc-
tive, he moved his family here in the fall, and
in 1894 erected the attractive residence which
is now their home. At the same time he planted
eight acres in lemons, utilizing the balance for
lawn and garden. In addition to this property
he owns a house in Los Angeles, a number of
lots in Chicago, and some unimproved land in
the foot hills.

In Glencoe, 111., Mr. Jackson married Miss
Harriet M. Hovey, who was born in Cambridge,
Mass. Four sons comprise their family, the
eldest of whom, Augustus William, is attending
Armour Institute, Chicago, with the intention
of becoming a mechanical and electrical en-
gineer. The other sons are Irving F., a student
in the Los Angeles high school; Wayne B. antl
Herbert L., at home. The family are connected
with the Methodist Episcopal Church and Mr.
Jackson officiates as a trustee in the same.
While agreeing with the Republican party in
many of its principles, he believes that prohibi-
tion should be made a national issue and is him-
self a very active worker in the temperance
cause. For a few years he has been vice-presi-
dent and a director of the Cahuenga Valley
Lemon E.xchange at Colegrove, and at the same
time he has been interested in other movements
for the development of the lemon-growing in-
dustry.

JOHN O'SULLIVAN. The Los Angeles
representative of a fine old Irish family, Mr.
O'SuUivan has been identified with the upbuild-
ing of this city since 1875, ^"^ l^^s successfully
forged his way to the front as an horticulturist
and dairyman. A native of Kingston, Ontario,
he was born March 8, 1845, a son of Patrick and
Catherine (Delaney)0'Sullivan,born respectively
in county Tipperary and county Kilkenny, Ire-
land. The paternal grandfather, John O'SuUi-
van, was a large farmer m county Tipperary.
and was a man of prominence in the affairs of
his neighborhood.

Patrick O'SuIlivan was a man of fine cduca-
ate of the college at Limerick. He went to
rion and various attainments, and was a gradu-
Kingston, Canada, as head bookkeeper for the
Quebec forwarding store, and later located on
a farm near Kingston, where he reared his fam-
ily and where he died in retirement at the ad-
vanced age of ninety-eight years and six months.
To himself and wife were born ten children, all
of whom attained maturity, and eight of whom
are now living: Michael is'a resident of Ontario;

Ellen lives in Rochester, N. Y.; Mrs. Cosgrove
and Mrs. Gleason live in Bradford, Pa.; Mrs.
Selby resides in Kingman, Ariz.; John is the
.nibject of this sketch; James P. is with John in
Los Angeles; and William lives in Oregon.

For his rise in life Mr. O'SuUivan owes but a
slight debt to his early education, for the op-
portunities were Innited by the amount of work
to be done on the Canadian farm, and the little
that he learned was mostly at his mother's knee.
In so large a family the difi^erent members were
expected to fulfill their share towards the gen-
eral support, and John was therefore familiar
with early and late hours and the labor side of
life. In the spring of 1896 he went to New York
state and found employment on a dairy farm in
Norwich, Chenango county, and during the
three years of his residence in that part of the
county was employed by three different men.
His last employment was as assistant foreman
from 1874 to 1875, for widening the gauge of
the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad.
In 1875 he came to California and was for a
time employed on the construction of the Fol-
som prison, after which he worked in various
capacities in the same section of country. No-
vember 15, 1875, he came to Los Angeles. At
that time the houses were mostly made of adobe
and there was little of the beauty or enterprise
which to-day distinguishes this ideal California
town.

For the first year of his residence in Los An-
geles Mr. O'SuIlivan was employed by the dairy
concern of Towne & Hanna, and in time became
their general manager. In 1876 he worked for
the city of Los Angeles and had charge of the
horses, and the second year was appointed by
the city council as captain of a chain gang,
holding this position for three years and three
months. In the mean time he had bought the
ranch of which he is now the owner, and which
comprises thirty-four and a half acres. From
the crude and unpromising this property has
been developed into a fine dairy ranch, which
has grown from three to seventy cows. To fa-
cilitate his enterprise he is obliged to lease other
land, so that in all he has the use of about three
hundred acres. The Canada dairy is within the
city limits, and the owner has made the most
advanced improvements, and placed himself in
touch with the most exclusive trade in the city.
Besides buildings in which to keep hay and
grain and horses, he has a cow barn 140x50 feet
in dimensions. Two wagons are utilized to con-
vey the milk through the town, and eighteen
head of horses are in constant use for general
purposes. Horticulturally Mr. O'SuIlivan has
been quite as successful as in the occupation by
w Iiich he is best known, and he has a fine orange
and walnut grove, from which abundant har-
vests may be expected every year. His land is
all under irrigation, and he raises corn for feed-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ing, his three silos holding about three hundred
tons. Alfalfa in large quantities is another prod-
uct raised on this model ranch, besides grain
and general farm produce. Air. O'Sullivan has
numerous interests besides those located on his
ranch, and he is a stockholder in the Reilly Oil
Company, operating in Los Angeles.

In Xorwich, N. Y., Mr. O'Sullivan married
Alary Walsh, a native of county Tipperary, Ire-
land, and who died in Los Angeles, January 30,
1893. Of this union there were seven children,
viz.: Daniel, who died at the age of three years
and nine months; Addie, who died at the age
of eighteen years; William P., who went to
Dawson City in June of 1898, and is engaged in
mining; Francis Joseph, who is living in North-
ern California; John James, who is with his
lather on the home ranch; Edward T., who is
also with his father; and Grace, who is attend-
ing St. Mary's x\cademy. The second marriage
of Air. O'Sullivan was contracted in Los An-
geles and was with Airs. Margaret (Coughlin)
Aloriarity, who was born in Kings county. Ire-
land, and' who is one of the heirs of the Coughlin
estate in England. This estate, which is now
in the courts of chancery, belonged to the
uncle of Airs. O'Sullivan, who was an high of-
ficial in the English army, and served with dis-
tinction through the Crimean war. The large
fortune left by him has been the source of much
litigation, and is as yet in a very undecided state.
The father of Airs. O'Sullivan died in Ireland,
but her mother brought the family to America,
where two or three of the father's brothers lo.'-t
their lives during the Civil war. To Air. and
Mrs. O'Sullivan has been born one son, Alar-
cellus. Mr. O'Sullivan is fraternally identified
with the Foresters, and for twenty-five year.^
has been a member of the Ancient Order of
Hibernians, and served as one of the early presi-
dents of the organization. He is a Democrat in
politics, but has never taken a conspicuously
active part in either county or town affairs. Air.
O'Sullivan possesses enterprise and good busi-
ness ability, and his career in Los Angeles has
resulted in great good from a commercial ami
general standpoint.

HENRY NICOLAUS. During his residence
of more than thirty years in Los Angeles county
Air. Nicolaus has been an interested witness of
its growth in population and increase in land
values. His own experiences in the buying and
selling of property have been extensive and
illustrate the fluctuations in prices, which rose
graduallv until the beginning of the boom,
then mounted upward with eagle-like rapidity,
only to fall backward with the cessation of the
boom and to remain stagnant for a considerable
period afterward.

As his name indicates. Air. Nicolaus is of
German lineage. He was burn in I'.avaria.

Alay 24, 1847. In the summer of 1859 he came
to America with his sister and brother-in-law
and made his home with them in Cassville, Wis.
At the age of sixteen years he came by steamer
to San Francisco and from there proceeded to
the mines in Shasta county, where he worked
for some years, meeting with only fair success.
His first glimpse of Los Angeles was in 1871.
when he found it to be a town of ten thousan.l
people, lifeless from a commercial standpoint,
and giving little promise of future activity. It
was his intention to buy a farm and he visited
the surrounding country with that object in
view. Soon he selected one hundred acres near
the present site of Downey, where at that time
stood two stores and a few houses, forming the
village of Gallatin. Setting himself to work, he
began the task of clearing the land and placing
it under cultivation. In addition to the raising
of farm products, he had an orchard of twenty
acres in deciduous fruits.

Selling his farm in 1880, Air. Nicolaus came to
Los Angeles, and for two years engaged in
teaming. In exchange for his ranch he had
received a lot in Los Angeles with only a small
house on it. This he later sold for $5,000, and
the purchaser in turn sold it for $100,000. On
the site now stands the Bradburv' block. In
1882 he came to what is now Burbank and
rented twenty-five hundred acres, on which he
raised wheat and barley and also had consider-
able stock. Continuing the cultivation of the
land until 1888, when the property was sub-
divided during that year he bought fifty-four
acres one mile west of Burbank and built a
house on the land. With his customarj- energy
he set about the task of clearing and improving
the land, and soon had twenty acres under wal-
nuts and sixteen acres in alfalfa, while the re-
maining eighteen acres he sold. Ever since then
he has managed the ranch. In 180.5 he erected
a residence in Burbank and afterward made that
village his home until August i. 1902, when
he removed to Los Angeles. The many im-
provements made in the Burbank district he has
witnessed with interest. When he came here in
1882 all the surrounding country was one great
sheep ranch, and he plowed the first furrow in
the entire district. His possessions include four
houses in Los Angeles that he rents, a number
of lots in that city and Burbank, and his ranch,
which with its improvements forms a valuable
])roperty. At the incorporation of the Lagona
Irrigation Company he was elected president
and held the ofifice for a time.

By the marriage of Air. Nicolaus to Miss Julia
E. .\lbritton, a native of Louisianaj there are
three sons, Henry W.. Frederick and Roy. The
family attend the Afethodist Episcopal Church
and Airs. Nicolaus is a member of the congrega-
tion, while he cnntributcs to its maintenance.
As a T\einil>lic;in lie has been active in the local

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

763

work of the party. For six years he held the
position of school trustee at Burbank, but with
that exception he has held no offices, nor has
he at any time been an office-seeker. In
fraternal relations he is connected with the For-
esters. Personally he is a citizen of whom any
community might be proud, and the people of
Burbank, fully appreciating this fact, accord him
a place among their leading residents as he has
also gained for himself a name as a capable
rancher.

L. B. PEMBERTON. Possessing a more
than ordinary mental equipment, and the rare
faculty of practically utilizing talents, which in
their versatility range from electricity and me-
chanics to music and poetry, Mr. Pemberton
represents the most favored of the adopted sons
of Santa Barbara. A scholar, savant and appro-
priator to himself of the history and knowledge
of the world, he is also a keen student of current
events, and a sincere appreciator of nature's
matchless wonders.

The descendant of a Quaker family, he was
born near Bethel, Clermont county, Ohio, No-
vember 25, 1866. His grandfather, Richard
Pemberton, was born in Kentucky, where he
engaged in the stock business, and later im-
migrated to Southern Ohio. The parents.
(jeorge M. and Belinda (Black) Pemberton, were
natives respectively of Bethel and Georgetown,
Ohio, and the former is now an attorney in his
native town. During the Civil war, he enlisted
in the Union service, and was sent to the Shen-
andoah valley with his regiment, the One Hun-
dred and Fifty-first Ohio Volunteers.

The youngest of three sons, L. B. Pemberton
was given good advantages and attended Cler-
mont Academy near Cincinnati, from which he
was graduated in June, 1884. He then engaged
in teaching school near his home; but in 1886
removed to Topeka, Kans., and taught the
Highland Park school for a year. For the next
year and a half he was engaged as book-
keeper for the Topeka Coal Company. In 188S
he became assistant superintendent of the
Topeka Municipal Electric Light Works, which
plant was the first concern of the kind west of
the Mississippi river. In 1887 he became acting
superintendent of the works and continued in
the position until 1889.

About this time one of the Los Angeles street
car lines was bought by a Topeka syndicate,
and Mr. Pemberton became their representative
to put in the electrical equipment of the road.
In this capacity he started the first car out under
the new and more approved method of trans-
l)ortation, and continued in charge of the elec-
trical department, after the Topeka Company
had been absorbed by the Los Angeles Con-
solidated Electric Company, when the electric
system rapidly displaced all the other methods
of trans])ortation in the city. In 1893 his sceno

of activity was shifted for a few months to
Phoenix, Ariz., where he installed the first
electric car line in that territory. After the
Phoenix road was put in running order, and the
natives had become somewhat accustomed to
the mysterious "broom-stick train," he returned
to Los Angeles, and continued with the Los
Angeles Company until the latter part of 1895,
when he resigned and became sales-agent and
engineer for the General Electric Company of
Sclienectady, N. Y., the largest manufacturers
of electrical machinery in the United States.
This company he represented in Southern Cali-
fornia, having his office, repair-shop and store-
room on West Third street, Los Angeles. In
1896 he sold an electric railway plant to C. W.
D. Miller, and started in operation the first
electric cars in Santa Barbara. A similar ad-
vance was made in San Diego, where he started
operations for the Citizens' Traction Company
later in the year.

Having decided to enter the literary field, Mr.
Pemberton resigned from the General Electric
Company in September, 1897, and purchased
Totvn Talk, a society and literary weekly; but
finding the venture not so remunerative as' it was
represented, sold out after a few months and
accepted the position of master mechanic and
electrician for the Los Angeles-Pacific Rail-
road, a suburban line between Los Ar.geles
and Santa Monica. In 1901 he resigned to ac-
cept the position of superintendent of the Santa
Barbara Consolidated Railway Company, where
his previous varied experience came into good
play. A thorough overhauling of the system
was necessary in every department. New tracks
were laid, the cars rebuilt, a new, modem power
house installed, and a complete transformation
was soon effected.

Having entered the electric field in its earlv
stage, and being far from the base of supplies,
Mr. Pemberton's ingenuity was often called
upon, and a number of practical inventions was
the result; among which might be mentioned
the first detachable incandescent headlight for
street cars, an automatic arc headlight, a section
insulator for trolley wire, electric heater, track
bond and center-bearing street car track with
steel-yard motor suspension. Attributable to
him also is the designing and building of the
"'Mermaid." the most complete and sumptuous
private street car in the world.
'■ Turning to the literary productions of Mr.
Pemberton, we find the same wide range and
versatility. The libretto of the opera '':\rardi
Gras" is characteristic of his lighter style of
composition, and when produced for a week in
Detroit in 1895, the opera was favorably re-
ceived by the public. Another of his produc-
tions is the "Midshipman," of which Prof. Dion
Romandy was the musical composer; but owing
to the death of the latter, the opera was never
presented to the ])ulilic. Further inroads into

764

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the world of music was made in collaboration
with Louis Gottschalk, musical director for the
Frank Daniels Opera Company of New York,
the opera being the "Xavvab," an Oriental pro-
duction based on the art of hypnotism.

Aided by the possession of a fine natural ear
for rhyme and accuracy of meter, ^Ir. Pembcr-
ton has launched upon a successful career some
very creditable poetic- productions, one volume
in particular, called "Sappho and Other Songs,"
issued in 1895 from the Tiiiics-Mirror press ol
Los Angeles,' having received wide and favor-
able mention. The Xczc York IVorld, in a
highly complimentary review, stated that "if the
work were only two hundred years old it would
be raved over." Another meritorious under-
taking is "Prometheus Unbound," a lyrical
drama founded on the old Greek legend, and
published in 1896 by the Editor Publishing
Company of Franklin. Ohio. Of this produc-
tion, the Boston Ideas says: "It is a work of
genuine strength and beauty. It is fervently
real and nobly suggestive. Mr. Pemberton is
one of the truest poets of modern days. His
verse breathes an inspirational air that flows
forth into fitting rhythmic cadences with a
surety and expressiveness that reveal the beauty
of his meaning through the quiet obedience of
his words." A five-act tragedy, entitled the
"Life and Death of Joan of Arc" was finished
in 1 891, and received, from the foremost
dramatic critic in this countrs', the following
encomium: "It is deserving of the highest praise,
of that praise so seldom yielded to modern
dramatic compositions." During the following
year, a number of short prose sketches were
published under the title of "Sketches in Color.
A Collection of Half-Tints and L^ndertones. by
the late Vandyke Brown."

During his academic days, Mr. Pemberton
proved a most capable Latin and Greek scholar,
and achieved the highest record in those
branches that had been made in the institution
in the forty-five years of its existence. Although
taking great pains and pleasure in his literary
productions, he has never pushed his work for
publication, and has contributed very rarely to
current periodicals. At the Poets' Contest given
by the Unity Club of Los Angeles in 1893, he
produced one of his best shorter poems, en-
titled "Song to the Sequoia Gigantea" (or Big
Redwood Trees of California). This poem was
awarded the first prize over nearly one hun-
dred competitors.

The marriage of Mr. Pemberton and Janet
Drummond was solemnized in Los Angeles in
1897. Mrs. Pemberton is a daughter of Rev.
A. D. Drummond, a minister of the Episcopal
Church, whose death occurred in Pasadena. To
Mr. and Mrs. Pemberton has been born one
child, Lucile. Mr. Pembertnn is a Republican
in national politics.

EDWARD H. HOLLENBECK. Horti-
cultural pursuits have formed the chief occupa-
tion of ^Ir. Hollenbeck, and the energetic man-
ner in which he has taken advantage of every
method tending toward the enhanced value of
his property is having much to do with his suc-
cess in life.' In his home place at Verdugo, Los
Angeles county, he has six acres, and besides
this he owns a tract of thirty-two acres, seven
of which are in apricots and five in olives, while
the home place is planted in apricots and prunes.
Included in his possessions is some property in
Los Angeles.

The Hollenbeck family came originally from
Holland. John Hollenbeck, a farmer in the
east, lived to be eighty-nine years of age. His
son, Silas C, was born in Akron. Ohio, March
4, 1823, and in early manhood accompanied his
parents to Illinois, where he engaged in farming
for a long period. From there he came to Cali-
fornia in 1882 and bought sixty-six acres, a
portion of which is now owned by his son. Ed-
ward H. The improvement of the property and
its planting in fruits occupied his remaining
years, and he died here June 5, 1901, aged
seventy-eight years. Until a few years before
his death he was as active as a man of half his
years, and the hardships of his busy life seemed
to make few inroads upon his powerful consti-
tution. During early life he served as a super-
visor, but after coming to California he took nu
part in local affairs, aside from voting the Re-
publican ticket at general elections. Religious
and charitable enterprises received his support,
and no worthy project ever was refused assist-
ance at his hands, nor was any one in need
turned cold and hungry from his door. By his
marriage to Mary Ann Reed, who was born in
New York and died in Illinois, he had three
children, namely: Francis A., who is engaged
in the real estate business in Los Angeles; Julia
B., who married Henry W. Benson, and resides
at Florence, Cal. ; and Edward H., of \'erdugci.
The last-named, who was the youngest of the
three, was born at Pecatonica. Winnebago
county. 111., July 21, 1865, and received a com-
mon-school education in the home neighbor-
hood. After coming to California at seventeen
years of age lie was for one year a student in
Woodburv"s Business College.

In 1889 Mr. Hollenbeck- married Belle Peck
ham, who was born in Litchfield, 111. Two chi!-
ilren were born of their union, but both were
taken by death while still quite young. With
his wife Mr. Hollenbeck holds membership in
the Presbyterian Church and is an attendant
upon its services. In politics he is a firm Re-
publican. The principles of Masonry have in
him a stanch champion, and he is actively con-
nected with Hollenbeck Lodge No. 319, at
I'.oyle Heights, which was named in honor or
liis uncle, John K. Hollenbeck. .Since his mar-

^ .*'' ,^^^

fi^^/jlM:

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

767

riage he has continued to Uve at the same loca-
tion, having first bought six acres of his father's
place and subsequently adding to his posses-
sions by such purchases as seemed advisable.
By a course of industry he is becoming success-
ful financially, while at the same time the fact
that he is well spoken of by all is sufficient in-
dication of his character.

RICE B. SHELTON. The Shelton family
is of English descent, and it is possible that
Roderick Shelton may have been the founder of
the family in America, although indications
point to the fact that he was a native of Vir-
ginia. Accompanied by his family, he moved
to North Carolina, and there spent his remain-
ing years. His son, Louis, who was of Vir-
ginian birth, grew to manhood in North
Carolina and there married Nancy Gladden, a
Virginian girl. In company with a colony of
southern families they removed to Missouri and
took up government land, but subsequently set-
tled in Clinton county, same state, where he
improved a farm and died at fifty-six years.
Later his wife went to Oregon and there dietl
when sixty-five years old. Both were earnest
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
In their family were fourteen children, and all
but one of these attained mature years, Rice B.
being the seventh in order of birth. The first-
born, David, crossed the plains to Oregon in
1847 and followed the carpenter's trade at Port-
land, later going to Washington, where he died
at eighty-five years. Levi and Tilman were
twins, the former of whom died at sixty years,
and the latter is living, retired, in Washington.
Eliza makes her home in Missouri; ^Martin died
when seventy-five years of age; William, who
is now four score years old, is a resident of Cali-
fornia; Elijah lives in Washington; Polly Ann
was forty-five at the time of her death; Cynthia
is living in Oregon; James, who has always
been an invalid, makes his home with his older
brother, Rice B., who has cared for him since
childhood; John died in Texas when he was
forty years of age.

In Clay county, Mo., Rice B. Shelton was
born October 20, 1831. While still quite young
he began to care for his mother and younger
brothers and sisters, hence his boyhood was
filled with responsibilities. He was sixteen when
his father died, and afterward, with an older
brother, he managed the farm from 1847 "ntil
1852. During the latter year he crossed the
plains, with an ox-team, to Oregon, thence to
Washington, returning to Oregon in the spring
of 1853 and leaving his mother and younger
brothers in Polk county, that state. With the
hope that mining might prove a profitable
venture he went to Siskiyou county, Cal., and
worked in the placer mines on the Scott river,
where for five years he met with fair success.
On selling out his interests he returned to

Oregon, and for a year engaged in driving cat-
tle between there and Washington. With a
drove of his own cattle, in 1861 he went to
eastern Washington, hoping to sell beef in the
mines, but the severe weather caused a heavy
loss in the cattle, making the venture unprofita-
ble. His next employment was in packing
goods to the mines at Florence, Idaho. Later
for twelve months he mined at Boise Basin,
Idaho, but did not find the field a fortunate
selection. In 1863 he went to Alder Gulch, Vir-
ginia City, Mont., where he was employed in
mining for $12 a day, and he continued there
as superintendent of a crew until the spring of
1865. Prospecting and mining at Helena, Mont.,
and other points occupied his time until 1881,
during much of which time he played in hard
luck. About 1878 he crossed the line into Idaho
prospecting and with Jack Hicks discovered, at
the head of the Limhi valley, on Spring mount-
ain, a rich silver mine, which they developed,
being "grub staked" by Levant Pease of Chi-
cago and Tate Taylor. After a short time Hicks
became discouraged and sold his quarter inter-
est for a very small sum, but Mr. Shelton would
not allow himself to be daunted by obstacles, and
the result proved his good judgment, for within
twelve months he sold his quarter interest to
Pease for $25,000. This was his first stroke of
fortune, and well repaid him for the anxieties
and cares of past years.

After a winter in Olympia, Wash., Mr. Shel-
ton began prospecting in Montana, but in a few
weeks his health failed. In order to recuperate.
he spent six months at Hot Springs, Ark., where
he soon regained his strength. While there he
married Miss Jennie L. Alberton, of that city,
who remained his faithful helpmate until her
death February i, 1898, at Burbank, Cal. One
of their children died in infancy; the others,
Roy B. and Jennie L., are with their father. In
the spring of 1883 Mr. Shelton came to Cali-
fornia and settled in Los Angeles, but in the
fall of the same year removed to the country,
buying one hundred and sixty acres of land
west of the present site of Burbank. At once
he began tlie arduous task of improving the
property. Sixteen acres were planted in a vine-
yard, and twenty-five acres were improved witli
deciduous fruit, while the balance of the land
was given over to general farming. On selling
this place in 1892, Mr. Shelton bought a rancli
of twenty acres at Burbank, where he has since
lived practically retired,- although giving some
attention to the raising of alfalfa and also rais-
ing fruu for family use.

During the days of his mining experiences in
Montana Mr. Shelton was brought face to face
with the problem of maintaining order in a com-
munity populated principally by a lawless ele-
ment, and he well remembers having seen
thirty-six desperadoes hung in one winter, at the
instigation of the citizens who were trying to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

bring order and law out of chaos. Through his
work on the vigilance committee he did much
toward aiding to place the government upon a
stable basis, and his efficient work as deputy
sheriff of Beaverhead county, which office he
filled for two years, was also helpful in main-
taining the law. Reared a Democrat, he early
espoused that platform and continued to vote
for its principles until 1 900, when, feeling in
svmpathv with the first administration of Presi-
dent AIcKinley, he cast his ballot for the re-
election of that popular president to the office of
chief executive. While he is not a member of
any denomination, he is in thorough sympathy
with the work of Christianity and has frequently
been a contributor to its support, as well as to
movements of a philanthropic and helpful gen-
eral character.

CHARLES M. JAQUES. After a business
career of great activity, resulting in a financial
success desired by all but achieved by few, 2^1r.
Taques was led by considerations of health to
"come to the Pacific coast, and in a short time
had become so attached to the country that he
decided to establish his permanent home in
Pasadena. Here he purchased No. 525 East
Colorado street, a palatial residence of brick and
stone whose beauty accords with the charming
environment of this far-famed city.

Descended from Puritan ancestors who were
among the pioneers of Plymouth, Charles ]M.
Jaques is a son of John P. and a grandson of
John Jaques, both lifelong residents of Massa-
chusetts, where the former was a builder and
contractor, and the latter a farmer. His mother,
Pamelia Kittredge (Chandler) Jaques, was a
daughter of John Chandler, an agriculturist of
the Bay state. In the parental family of seven
children all but one attained mature years,
Charles M. being the second. He was born
near Boston, July i, 1842, and at the age of
sixteen graduated from the Boston public
schools. His initial experiences as a busines.s
man were gained while conducting a wholesale
and retail fruit and vegetable trade in Boston.
During 1869 he removed to Minneapolis, Minn.,
but not finding a desirable opening, six months
later he went to Chicago, where he began the
buying and shipping of grain. In the subse-
quent years he met with a success that was far
in excess of his earliest rose-tinted ambitions.
As the president of the Jaques Grain Company,
he superintended the building of sixty elevators
in Illinois and Nebraska, meantime making
Lincoln, Neb., his headquarters. Since coming
to California his attention has been largely
given to mining, and he is president of the
Hercules Copper Company, the Copper King
Mining Company and the Verde Mining Com-
pany, all operating in Wyoming. He is also
erecting three houses in Pasadena for renting

purposes. It will thus be seen that he has by no
means retired from business activities, but is
engaged in enterprises as varied and important
as those that engrossed his time and thought
when in the east.

The marriage of Mr. Jaques was solemnized
in the historic town of Concord, Mass., and
united him with Miss Mary Gray Shaw, by
whom he has a daughter, Kathrina, now ten
years of age. The father of Mrs. Jaques was
Kingman A. Shaw, who for some years was a
cattle broker at Brighton, Mass., but in i86g
removed to Minneapolis, Minn., and there con-
ducted an extensive real-estate business. On
retiring from active labors he settled in Chicago,
where he remained until his death. Mr. Jaques
is identified with the ]^Iethodist Episcopal
Church, while in fraternal relations he is a mem-
ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.
At no time in his busy life has he sought
political honors or the responsibilities of public
office, his tastes being rather in the direction of
business affairs. However, he is a firm be-
liever in Republican principles and is always
relied upon by his party to support its tenets.
His warm sympathy is given to all movements
that are for the uplifting of the community,
whether they tend toward a broadening educa-
tional or religious impulse, or toward ideals
more nearly allied with the arts and sciences.

D. E. JUVINALL. No science presents
greater opportunities to young men than that
of electricity, with its constant developments
and fascinating intricacies. The fact that Mr.
Juvinall is endowed by nature with abilities that
adapt him to the business of an electrician con-
tributes largely to his success in this line of
work, but coupled with the native ability are
determination, perseverance and sound judg-
ment, qualities of the highest importance in
every occupation. Since he came to California
in 1899 he has made his home in Monrovia.
where he built and became a stockholder in the
Independent Telephone System, the prosperous
management of the same having proved grati-
fying to him from the standpoint of an elec-
trician as well as profitable from the standpoint
of a stockholder. As the owner of this system,
he has labored constantly to maintain a high
grade of service and to secure the patronage of
the people in the vicinity, and now has one hun-
dred and twenty-five subscribers.

The records of the Juvinall family show that
Andrew Juvinall, a native of Ohio, became a
pioneer of Illinois, where he afterward owned
and cultivated a farm of three hundred and
twenty acres. His son, James, who served dur-
ing the Civil war as a member of an Illinois
regiment of boys in blue, afterward tilled the
soil of a farm of one hundred and ten acres near
Danville, 111., where his son, D. E., was born

HISTORICAL :\ND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

769

June 20, 1871. From there in 1894 he removed
to Jamesburg, same state, where he Hved in re-
tirement from active labors. In lUinois he met
and married JNIiss Eliza Abbott, a native of Ohio,
who in girlhood removed to Illinois with her
father, James Abbott, and settled on a farm.

In a family of ten children D. E. Juvinall was
one of the youngest. When a boy he attended
the district schools near his home. At an early
age it became apparent that he possessed a voice
of unusual power and clearness, and he was
given good advantages for its cultivation, being
a pupil of Professor Peckham, of Chicago.
Afterward he taught vocal and instrumental
music for three years. To some extent, also,
agricultural pursuits engaged his attention. In
1899 he removed to California and settled in
jMonrovia, where he built a residence on the
corner of J. I. C. and White Oak avenues. Be-
sides his property here, he owns seven hundred
and sixty acres in Vermilion county. 111., near
the city of Danville. He is a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and a worker in
behalf of movements that are uplifting and pro-
gressive. In habits he is irreproachable, and
both in precept and practice advocates prohibi-
tion doctrines. His marriage, which was
solemnized in Potomac, III, united him with
Miss Mattie Goodwine, who was born in Illi-
nois. Her father, John Goodwine, a native of
Indiana, settled near Danville, 111., but now
makes Potomac his home, and has during all of
his active life followed the business of a stock-
raiser, his specialty being thoroughbred hogs
and cattle.

THOMAS POLLARD, a government stone
and mason contractor of Naples, was born in
Lancaster, England, in 1855, ^"d learned the
trade of mason and stone cutter while still in
his native land. After immigrating to America
in 1880 he lived for eleyen years in New Jersey,
and later in New York and Pennsylvania, in
all of which places he successfully carried on his
trade, and became prominent as a contractor.
Following an inclination to investigate the con-
ditions along his line in the west, he removed to
Los Angeles in 1897, and after a short sojourn
came to Santa Barbara, where he was for some
time identified with the McCormick Machine
Company. On the 17th of July, 1900, he re-
ceived the contract to build the lighthouse at
Point Arcala, the estimated cost of which will
be $26,000, and the responsibility of which is
certainly a guarantee of the confidence which
his work has inspired in the government. He
also received the contract to build six culverts
and one bridge on the Southern Pacific Rail-
road, and so satisfactory has been his fulfilling
of the same that the government inspector. Cap-
tain Brown, as well as others high in official
life, have highly recommended his work and

given credentials which would be of value in
any part of the world. Mr. Pollard is now mak-
ing arrangements to go to Los Angeles to build
the lighthouse.

While living in England, in 1878, Mr. Pollard
married Harriet France, and of this union there
are six children: Raymond, Florence, Ethel,
Bessie. Beatrice and Roland. In addition to
his general contracting Mr. Pollard is the owner
and manager of an hotel in Naples. He is
politically a Republican, and fraternally asso-
ciated with the Knights of Pythias in New
■ Jersey. In the memory of himself and family
is the interesting fact that they were among the
last American citizens to see the now historic
Maine on its way to its doom in Havana
harbor. They had left New York on board a
steamer which arrived at Norfolk just as the
North American Squadron received orders to
proceed to Cuban waters, and they watched the
departure of the stately fighting machines that
later brought so much added glory to the
United States navy, and one of which in its de-
struction was destined to be the real impetus of
the Spanish-x\merican war.

ANTHONY R. PIERCE. Industry, wise
judgment and energy are marked elements in
the character of Mr. Pierce and have been the
principal factors in the attainment of financial
success, which enables him to spend his later
years in retirement from business cares and
anxieties. Now a resident of Pasadena, where
he established his home in 1886, he was born in
Randolph county, Ind., March 26, 1833, being
a son of Thomas and Lydia (Ward) Pierce,
natives respectively of Loudoun county, Va.',
and Ohio. His maternal grandfather, Thomas
Ward, was a Virginian who became a pioneer
farmer of Indiana and remained there until
death. The paternal grandfather, Samuel Pierce,
was a Scotchman who immigrated to the United
States at an early age and participated in the
Revolutionary war. When a mere boy Thomas
Pierce settled among the Indians in what is now
Randolph county, Ind., of which he was one of
the very first white settlers and in whi<:h he
entered and improved a homestead of three hun-
dred acres. He lived to be sixty-eight years of
age, and his wife survived him, dying at' eightv-
three years. Their six sons and four daughters
attained mature years, and only one preceded the
father in death, while eight' were still living
when the mother passed away.

lii the family Anthony R.' was fifth in order
of birth. When he was a bov schools were
few and methods of instruction crude. His en-
tire attendance at school only aggregated six
months, and this was in a subscription school
held in a log building, with slab benches,
greased paper for window panes, puncheon
floor, etc. It will thus be seen that he had no

770

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

advantages whatever. All that he has and is
may be attributed to the patient spirit which
enabled him to rise above obstacles. His first
work was that of farm hand at twelve and one-
half cents a day, and he continued at these
wages until he was twenty. Going to Iowa in
1851, he pre-empted three hundred and twenty
acres, but difficulties arose, which forced him to
give up the tract. In the same township he en-
tered one hundred and twenty acres, and there
he made his home from 1855 to 1886, mean-
time bringing the farm under a high state of
cultivation. From time to time he added to his
possessions, and at this writing still owns four
hundred and one acres of highly improved land
in Iowa. While in that state he laid out and
founded the village of St. Anthony, which was
named in his honor, and he now owns a busi-
ness block there.

The first purchase made by Mr. Pierce in
California comprised two acres on Munk Hill,
Pasadena, but this he sold within si.x months.
and bought other properties. Adjoining Alta-
dena he now owns a ranch of thirty -five acres,
with three hundred walnut trees, besides many
orange, apricot, peach and prune trees. In
common with many citizens of this locality, he
owns water interests and has done much to
foster the industry so closely allied with horti-
culture in California. The North Pasadena
Land and Water Company, in which he is a
stockholder, is one of the important concerns
of the kind in the county. Interested in
Masonry, he is connected with the Knights
Templar and Shriner organizations. In politics
he votes with the Republican party and in re-
ligion is a believer in Universalist doctrines.

The first wife of Mr. Pierce was Charlotte
Bevins, a native of Illinois. The children born
of their union are as follows: McHenry, of
Lancaster, Cal.; Thomas J., of ^Marshal! county,
Iowa; Addina R., who married H. Beacher
Ward, of Nebraska; Clara M., the widow of
Frederick L. Plant, of Marshall county, Iowa;
William E., of Oregon; Mamie L., Mrs. H. J.
Munger, of Pasadena; and John M., who is liv-
ing in Story county, Iowa. The present wife
of Mr. Pierce, whom he married July 18, 1893,
in Chicago, was Mrs. Anna Schultz, of foreign
birth and parentage.

C. M. RICHARDSON. A thriving and con-
stantly increasing business is carried on at the
large livery establishment of C. M. Richandson
in Ventura, and at this well conducted place
tourist and permanent resident may find all
manner of conveyances for a diversity of pur-
poses, and may have a delightful ride over the
smooth country roads on the only tally-ho coach
this side of Los Angeles. An unusually large
supply of fine appearing horses are at the dis-
posal of the public, their speed and general

qualifications being far in advance of those
usually found in like places of accommodation.

The youth of Mr. Richardson was spent on
the home farm near Cleveland, Ohio, which was
also the place of his birth. His father, Harvey
Richardson, was born in Connecticut, and went
to Ohio when a young man, where for many
years he carried on farming and carpenter work.
The mother, Susanna (Cook) Richardson, was
also a native of Connecticut, but was married in
Ohio. C. M. Richardson left Ohio in 1887,
and came to Los Angeles, where for several
months he worked as a street car conductor. He
had previously purchased ten acres of land
planted with apricots near Ventura, Cal., and
upon this he eventually settled and lived there
for seven years. He then sold out and pur-
chased eleven acres three miles from the city,
and four years ago bought the livery on Cali-
fornia avenue near Main street, which is by far
the largest barn in town.

In 1891 Mr. Richardson married Anna Fisher,
a native of Nova Scotia, and of this union there
is one child, Harvey, who is now eight years of
age. In politics Mr. Richardson is independent
and has no official aspirations. Fraternally he
is associated with the Ancient Order of United
Workmen, and the T. F. B., both of Ventura.
With his family he affiliates with the Methodist
Episcopal Church. He is secure in the esteem
of the community in which he lives, and his up-
to-date and modern livery stable is a source of
pride to the city and of convenience to all.

JOHN SCOTT. During the entire period of
his residence in California, which dates from
1882, Mr. Scott has made his home at Duarte,
where he cleared and improved a valuable
ranch and has engaged extensively in the grow-
ing of fruits. His parents, Archibald and
Mary (Nelson) Scott, were natives of Scotland,
but England is his native country, and his birth
occurred in Lancashire county in 1845. W'hen
a boy he attended local schools, receiving a
fair academical education. Such time as was
not devoted to his studies was spent upon the
home farm, where he early gained an excellent
knowledge of agriculture. From 1877 ""til
1882 he made his home in Ontario, Canada,
and from there came to Southern California.
A visit to various sections convinced him that
Duarte oflfered unexcelled advantages, and ac-
cordingly he purchased property at this point.

The twenty-five acres of hill 'land which Mr.
-Scott acquired had not been improved, but was
still in its primeval wild and uncultivated state.
With characteristic activity, he set about its cul-
tivation and the erection of necessary buildings.
In addition, at the same time he acquired other
property, all of which was developed under his
capable oversight. His cottage was erected at
a point commanding a fine view of the San

ftr-^ X (f2-Lc^^^^^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

773

Gabriel valley stretching away for miles to the
hills at Puente. Much of the land is planted in
the finest qualities of oranges, and there is also
an orchard of deciduous fruits, including apri-
cots, figs, peaches and prunes.

For some years, in the capacity of water com-
missioner of his district, Mr. Scott rendered
excellent service, and he also rendered satis-
factory service as president of the Duarte
Mutual Irrigation and Canal Company. Has
also been county horticultural commissioner for
years. So closely has his attention l^een given
to the development of his ranch that he has
had no leisure for participation in public affairs,
except to vote the Republican ticket in national
elections. He was reared in the faith of thc
Church of England and is now an Episcopalian.
In 1876 he married Sarah Fisher, a native of
England, and a daughter of Henry and Eliza-
beth (Sumner) Fisher. Of this marriage were
born four children now living, namely: Eliza-
beth Mary, Margaret Crawford, Archibald and
Alice Marion.

W. D. F. RICHARDS. The financial and
executive ability which has placed Mr. Rich-
ards in the front ranks of the promoters of
Ventura county, and the perseverance and
wisely laid plans for improving the opportunities
within reach of his all-around capacity are in no
sense overshadowed by his fame as founder of
the town of Saticoy. It is his lot tO deserve
the kindly interest regarding the circumstances
which fashioned his success in life, and the
methods pursued while treading the uneven path
indicated by a moderately indulgent fortune.
He was born in Fairfield, Herkimer county, X.
Y., March 8, 1838, of an ancestry which settled
during the eighteenth century in America, and
was represented in the war of the Revolution
by the paternal grandfather, Joseph, who was
born in Connecticut. The parents of W. D. E.
Richards, Benjamin and Hepsey (De Forest)
Richards, were born respectively in New York
state, June 30, 1800, and in Connecticut June
20, 1800. On the maternal side the ancestry is
interestingly interwoven with the sufferings of
the French Huguenots, who were forced to
foreswear their Prostestantism or flee the
country. A relative of the maternal grandfather,
Isaac De Forest, whose name was IJavid C. De
Forest, sought an asylum of tolerance in Amer-
ica, and in gratitude to the country which
granted him freedom in action as well as
thought, he gave before his death to Yale col-
lege an endowment fund for the education of
any who bore the name of De Forest. Jesse Do
Forest by virtue of a charter from the states
general of Holland founded the city of New-
Amsterdam (now New \'ork City) in 1623.

The sixth in a family of nine children. W. D.
F. Richards was educated at the public schools,
and at Fairfield Academy, one of the earliest in-

stitutions of learning in New York. He came lu
California in May, 1868, locatuig soon after in
the Santa Clara valley, where he purchased six
hundred acres of land on the old Santa Paula
y Saticoy tract, and was one of the first in his
neighborhood to begin improving the raw
lanu. He soon began the raising of Hax and
canary seed, and one year he raised three thou-
sand bushels of the latter commodity, for which
he received from three to five cents a pound.
Of later years he has been devoting his land
to walnuts and apricots, having about four thou-
sand apricot trees, and fifty acres of Santa Bar-
bara soft shell walnuts. All needful improve-
ments have been instituted on his ranch, and
his home is one of the most delightful in the
valley.

In 1887 Mr. Richards surveyed and platted a
tract of his farm, which eventually evolved into
the town of Saticoy, and he was the first to
build houses and stores. The town in its pres-
ent prosperous and promising condition, its ad-
vantages of situation, and fortunate possession
of enterprising citizens, is the result of the faith
in its ultimate well-being cherished in the mind
of its foremost citizen, and practically demon-
strated in innumerable lasting ways. In further-
ing the interests of the town he has for man\-
years been engaged in general merchandising,
and owns the West Saticoy general store with
its complete line of general necessities. He was
one of the organizers of the Farmers' Ditch
Company, and many other organizations have
profited by his intuitive prophecy of their use-
fulness in the community. His influence has
been materially augmented by his activity in
promoting the building of the Presbyterian
Church of Saticoy, as well as the Methodist
Episcopal Church, for both of which he con-
tributed the lots, and subscribed liberally
towards the construction. A Republican iii
politics, he has taken an active part in town
and county politics, and has been a delegate to
numerous conventions. He was one of the
commissioners who separated Ventura from
Santa Barbara county, and aided in the organ-
ization of the county, and in securing the first
jiostofifice for West Saticoy.

October 4, 1877, Mr. Richards was united in
marriage with Carrie Leavens, a native of Tren-
ton Falls, Oneida county, N. Y.. and daughter
of Hamilton Leavens, of New York.

JOHN B. RAPP. A residence of twenty-
two years or more in the district of Hollywood
has brought to Mr. Rapp a wide acquaintance
throughout this part of Los Angeles county,
where he is engaged in raising greenhouse
]iroducts and vegetables for the market. Of
(icrman parentage, he was born .Vugust 11.
1847, in Riidesheim, on the right bank of the
Rhine, opposite the world-famed city of
Bingen. .\t fourteen years of age he left home

-74

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and ever since then he has been self-support-
ing. It was his intention to learn the trade
of a maker of surgical instruments, and with
that object in view he went to ^Mesbaden,
fifteen miles away, where he paid $175 for the
privilege of being apprenticed to a leading man
in the art. For three years he served at the
trade without pay, and at the expiration of that
time became a journeyman, working at his
trade through Europe and Asia, and in the
northern part of Africa. Returning home -at
the age of nineteen years, he followed the usual
custom among Germans of offering his services
to the army, in which he spent the three ensu-
ing years. Ten months after he had been hon-
orably discharged war broke out between Ger-
many and France, and he was at once called
into service, re-entering the army and engaging
in its campaigns, marches and battles for tin;
next seven months. When the war ended he
still continued with the anny, remaining about
fourteen months altogether.

His travels throughout the old world had in-
spired Mr. Rapp with a desire to see America,
concerning which he had so frequently heard
from his childhood days. During October,
1872, he took passage on the steamer INIain,
which, after a voyage of eighteen days cast
anchor in New York. From there he pro-
ceeded to Carlstadt, N. J., and secured employ-
ment in a watch case factory. Not entirely
satisfied with his prospects, he still sought
other fields and a more suitable location. After
two years he took passage on a steamship for
Aspinwall, where he crossed the isthmus. His
original plan of visiting South America was
changed and he came to California on the
steamer ^Montana, which arrived in San Fran-
cisco in December, 1874. The next ten months
were spent at his trade in that city, from which
he went to Portland, Ore., and began to manu-
facture cutlery and surgical instruments. While
the business proved a profitable venture, the
climate was so unhealthful that he was obliged
to change, and accordingly returned to San
Francisco, where he took up a similar line of
business.

On coming to Los Angeles, in Alay, 1877,
.\Ir. Rapp found a small city, whose people had
little money and whose outlook for the future
contained few encouraging features. However,
the climate was so ideal that he decided to re-
main, and so opened a small repair and manu-
facturing shop. In 1879 he came to Hollywood
district and bought a home, after which he con-
tinued to ride back and forth between his coun-
trv place and the city every day on horseback,
hi the fall of 1881 lie sold the business, since
which he has given his attention exclusively to
his greenhouse and market gardening industry.
His first purchase consisted of fifteen acres, to
which he added eighteen months later fourteen

acres, all of which is now improved and forms
a neat homestead. Since becoming an Ameri-
can citizen he has voted with the Democrats in
national issues and has served his party as com-
mitteeman. Six months after coming to Los
Angeles Mr. Rapp married Aliss Elizabeth
Foerst, who was born in the same part of Ger-
many as himself and whom he had known in
childhood. They are the parents of seven chil-
dren, namely: Elizabeth, Mrs. Otto Harms;
Emily and Matilda (twins), Theodore, Otto,
Arno and Ernest, all at home except the eldest
daughter.

WILLIS H. SMITH, engaged in a lucrative
harness and saddlery business in Pasadena, was
born in Otisco, Onondaga county, N. Y., in
November, 1855, a son of Willis G. and Almira
(Whitney) Smith, also natives of New York
state. The paternal grandfather, Smith, was
a practicing physician of Otisco, N. Y., and his
son, Willis G., followed in his professional foot-
steps. The latter was also identified with medi-
cal and surgical affairs in Otisco for a number
of years, but owing to ill health he eventually
retired to Savannah, N. Y., where he in time
engaged in the mercantile business. About
1887 he came to Pasadena, wdiere he died, leav-
ing a wife and five sons, tw-o of whom are in
California, Willis H. being the third youngest
in the family. Charles A. Smith is with the
Columbi'a Banking Company of San Francisco:
and A. P. is in the drv-goods business in Savan-
nah, N. Y.

After studying in the public schools of Otisco
and Savannah, N. Y., Mr. Smith became inter-
ested in his father's mercantile business in the
latter city, having learned it in childhood. At
the age of eighteen he became a bookkeeper
for Mr. Hemingway, of Syracuse, N. Y., but
not being able to stand the confinement, en-
gaged in the livery business in Auburn, N. Y..
with which city he was identified on and off for
eight years. He was city treasurer and recorder
for several years, and was prominent in gen-
eral affairs. In the mean time he had under-
taken a stationer)' business at Rock Rapids,
where also he took an active interest in political
and social undertakings. In May of 1892 he
located in Pasadena as bookkeeper for Ken-
nedy & Co., grocers, with whom he remained
for about four years, later becoming book-
keeper for the Union Savings Bank, of which
his brother was cashier. This position he re-
signed in the fall of 1896, to engage in the har-
ness business, to which he has since devoted his
energies, and which has been attended by such
gratifying success. His establishment is advan-
tageously located in the heart of the city, and
the majority of the exclusive and exacting trade
has come his way. He has furnished the Ray-
mond livery and full outfit of harness manu-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

775

factured b}- himself; also the Morgan outfit, as
well as that of man)- other citizens whose turn-
outs are characterized by extreme simplicity
and elegance.

In Savannah, N. Y., Air. Smith married Mar-
Uia Snuth, born in Seneca county, N. Y., and
daughter of Bela Smith, a hardware merchant
of Savannah. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith have
been born three children: Gertrude, a gradu-
ate of the Pomona College, and of the Univer-
sity of California, class of 1902; Elbert, a
graduate of the high-school, and bookkeeper for
the Pasadena National Bank; and Addison; at-
tending the Throop Polytechnic. Mr. Smith is
a Republican in political afSliation, a member
of the Board of Trade and the Merchants' Pro-
tective Association. Mrs. Smith is a member
of the Presbyterian Church.

MRS. JEANNIE E. STICKNEY. Far re-
moved from the happy scenes of her girlhood,
Mrs. Stickney is passing life's tranquil twilight
in Monrovia, where she has made her home
since 1897. Largely through the distinguished
public services of her father, Hon. Amos Ken-
dall, the family of which she is a member has
been intimately associated with our nation's
progress. Descended from Francis Kendall,
who crossed the ocean about 1840 from Eng-
land to Woburn, Mass., Amos Kendall was born
of poor parents, at Dunstable, Mass., August
16, 1789. Neither outward circumstances nor
the influence of friends were indicative of the
success he was to achieve; but, being early
thrown upon his own resources, he developed
qualities of self-reliance and perseverance that
were of inestimable value in subsequent years.
When sixteen years of age he entered Dart-
mouth College, from which he was graduated in
181 1 at the head of his class, although he had
frequently been out of school in order to earn
the necessary funds for college expenses.

After a few years of law study, in 1814 Mr.
Kendall settled in Lexington, Ky., where he
was tutor in the family of Henry Clay during
that great statesman's absence to negotiate the
treaty of Ghent. Later he became editor of a
paper at Georgetown, Ky., where he was also
postmaster. In 1816 he bought an interest in
the Argus of Western Ai)ierica, the state jour-
nal at Frankfort. Largely through his efforts
one-half of the profits of the Bank of the Com-
monwealth were set aside for the school fund,
by legislative act. In 1829 he was appointed
fourth auditor of the treasury. During the fol-
lowing years he aided in shaping the president's
anti-bank policy, was appointed a special treas-
ury agent to negotiate with state banks, and
became a distinct power in public afifairs. It
was at this time that Harriet iNIartineau wrote
of him: "I was fortunate enough to catch a
glimpse of Amos Kendall, one of the most re-
markable men in America. He is supposed to

be the moving spring of the administration; the
thinker, planner and doer, but it is all in the
dark." An additional honor came to him in
1835, when he was appointed postmaster-gen-
eral. During his service he freed the depart-
ment from debt and introduced many reforms.
In 1840 he retired from the cabinet, refusing a
foreign mission tendered him by President
Polk. For a short time afterward he was at the
head of a bi-weekly called Kendall's Expositor,
and a weekly the Unioji Demoerat. In 1845 he
became associated with Prof. Samuel F. B.
Morse in the ownership of his telegrapli patents,
and his connection with their management, after
years of trial and defeat, made him a rich man.
The remainder of his life was passed at his coun-
try seat, Kendall Green, near Washington, D. C.
During the Civil war he supported the Union
cause, and his last political address was made
for General McClellan at Trenton, N. J., in 1861.

In the midst of all his activities, j\lr. Kendall
found time to interest himself in worthy char-
ities, and no deserving cause appealed in vain to
him for help. One of his most notable philan-
thropies was the contributing of $100,000 for
the building of the Calvary Baptist Church at
Washington, D. C, dedicated to his wife, while
two mission schools received $25,000 to for-
ward their work. He lived to see the develop-
ment of his idea of a collegiate department for
the classical education of the deaf mutes and
made the address at their first commencement.
He resigned the presidency in favor of E. M.
Gallandet, who is still its president. More than
once he gave scholarships to the Columbian
College, of whose board of trustees he served as
president. With all of his other busy affairs he
maintained an interest in literature, kept posted
concerning those books that marked epochs in
the world of thought, and was himself the
author of several productions. He commenced
a "Life of Andrew Jackson, Private, Alilitary
and Civil," but was unable to complete it be-
cause of the failure of a friend to supply him
with the necessary material. His death oc-
curred at Washington, D. C, November 11,
1869.

After having completed her education in a
ladies' seminary at Washington, Miss Jeannie
F. Kendall in 1852 became the wife of William
Stickney, who was born in Bangor, Me., and
graduated from Columbian College. He studied
law with Judge Lomax, of Virginia, to whose
sons he was tutor. In 1847 he began to prac-
tice law in St. Louis, but in 1850 returned to
Washington and in 1852 became assistant coun-
sel in Prof. Morse's telegraph cases and resided
in New York. Subsequently he became private
secretary to Amos Kendall, continuing in that
l)osition until Mr. Kendall's death. Later he
was president of the National Safe Deposit Sav-
ings Trust Company of Washington, also acted
as a member of the Indian peace commission

7rfi

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and as secretary of the deaf and dumb college
and as secretary of the Columbian University,
his alma mater. His death occurred at Wash-
ington in 1881, closing a career that was active,
honorable and patriotic. Both he and his wife
were associated with Calvary Baptist Church,
and Mrs. Stickney is now a member of the Mon-
rovia Baptist Church, also is identified with the
Saturday Afternoon Club of Monrovia. On the
organization of the Women's Christian Associa-
tion in Washington she was elected the first
president, and her executive ability and wise
leadership accomplished much for the further-
ance of reforms greatly needed by the city at
that time. It had been her intention to spend
her last years in Washington, where she had
many ties of warm friendship, as well as the
mernory of the influential lives of father and
husband, but in 1897 considerations of health
led her to remove to California.

DAVID SULLIVAN. An evening spent
with David Sullivan when in his most reminis-
cent mood is like being transported back many
vears into the last century, into the crude con-
ditions that then prevailed in certain portions
of the east as well as west. When narrated in
the midst of the beauty of Santa Barbara these
undertakings seem as the dew and fragrance of
unspoiled early morning, soon to be overpow-
ered by the heat and aggressiveness of a noon-
day sun. Mr. Sullivan was born in Zanesville.
Ohio, in June of 1813, and is the only surA'iving
member "of a family in which there were nine
children. His father, Samuel, was born in Dela-
ware, and became a prominent merchant in
Zanesville, being also the owner and manager
of a large and productive farm in the vicinity
of the town, and living to a ripe old age. The
mother, formerly Mary Freeman, of Georgia,
attained the unusual age of ninety-one years.

David Sullivan was reared on his father's
farm, and when old enough became an assistant
in the general merchandise store. When his
duties admitted of the leisure he attended the
early subscription school of the neighborhood,
held in a building roughly constructed of logs.
The benches were made of slabs, and the chil-
dren used the now obsolete quill pens. In the
surroundings of farm and store he remained
until twenty-one years of age, and directly after
the Black Hawk war, in 1834, removed with his
brother to Iowa. Traveling in those days was
not facilitated by Pullman cars, but was another
expression for genuine hard work. The brothers
loaded a keel boat with general merchandise and
floated it down the Muskingum and Ohio rivers
to Louisville, after which they hired a steam-
boat to take them to St. Louis and another boat
thence conveyed them to the present site of
Rock Island, 111. They purchased the first lot
in what is now Rock Island and started with

their merchandise a store which was continued
for about a year. They then sold out and
located near Davenport, Scott county, where
they bought the first land purchased after the
Black Hawk war, and which consisted of three
hundred and twenty acres. In time Mr. Sullivan
purchased other property near by so that he
owned several farms and carried on large agri-
cultural enterprises. The land for his original
farm was decidedly in the rough and was broken
with five or six yoke of oxen. On this land he
maintains was raised the finest corn that ever
grew from seed.

During the gold excitement Mr. Sullivan
started for Pike's Peak and journeyed as far as
Laramie, when discouraging reports made him
change his mind and retrace his steps. A couple
of years later, however, he came overland with
his family to the Rocky mountains, and was
much disturbed by the Indians in the Big Horn
mountains. For two years he mined in Mon-
tana. He then located in Santa Barbara, the
journey here being accomplished overland, and
taking six months from Virginia City. He im-
mediately bought the four blocks which he now
owns and which are in the city limits, besides
additional property, and engaged in farming
and horticulture, raising apricots, plums,
peaches and grapes. For many years he had
several blocks of fruit orchards which never
failed in their harvests, but of late years the
drought has thinned out the trees to a consider-
able extent. Alost of this property has since
been sold, with the exception of the residence
property at the corner of Mission and Bath
streets. Mr. Sullivan has done much for the
city of his adoption, whose interests have ever
been his own.

In Ohio Mr. Sullivan married Ann Crab-
tree, who was born in England and reared in
Ohio, and whose death occurred twelve years
ago. Of their children two attained maturity,
viz., Samuel, who has been engaged in mining
in Montana, and Angeline, who became Mrs.
Sprague, and died in Santa Barbara. An older
sister of Mr. Sullivan, Mona, married the son
of S. S. Cox, ex-member of congress, known as
Sunset Cox. Mr. Sullivan is a Republican all
the time, and is a iSIethodist in religious belief.

ECKFORD D. TYLER. Although by birth
a Canadian, Mr. Tyler has been a resident of
California since youth and is a typical repre-
sentative of the energetic and capable men who
are contributing to the growth of our state. Hh
father, S. Tyler, a native of England, followed
the occupation of landscape gardening there
and in Canada, and from 1877 to 1882 was
similarly engaged in Minneapolis, where he also
conducted a florist's establishment. During
1882 he settled in Santa Monica, Cal, and five
years later came to Pasadena, where he pur-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

779

chased a small ranch on Bradford and Arroyo
Drive. Since then he has carried on an occupa-
tion somewhat different from the usual pur-
suits of Californians, but one in which he is
meeting with gratifying success. He owns a
tine kennel of fox terriers and spaniels, of the
best breeds the country produces, and he also
has the largest aviary in the county, in both of
which specialties he is prominent. By his mar-
riage to Margaret McLarin, a native of Scot-
land, he had eight children, the second of whom
is Eckford D., who was born near Toronto.
Canada, August 27, 1872. He was hve years
of age when the family removed to Minneapolis
and the public schools of that city furnished
him with the rudiments of his education. In
1882 he accompanied the family to Santa Mon-
ica and five years later came to Pasadena,
where he completed his studies in the local
schools.

Taking up the carpenter's trade as an ap-
prentice under J. J- Allen and serving with him
four years, Mr. Tyler gained a thorough
knowledge of the business, and after ten years
as a journeyman carpenter and apprentice, in
1900 he began to take contracts for building.
Since then he has built the residence of Miss
Sybil Sweet, the addition to the Moore resi-
dence, and his own home on Grand avenue and
P)radford street. Like his father, he is a lover
of fine dogs, and now has a kennel of thorough-
bred Scotch collies, in the breeding of which
he is engaged, and he also devotes some atten-
tion to the breeding of thoroughbred Angora
cats. Fraternally he is connected with the F. Sc
A. M. and Woodmen of the World and in
politics is a Republican. He was married in
Pasadena, his wife being Miss Helen Salter, who
was born on the Isle of Wight, England, and
is a daughter of J. Salter, represented elsewhere
in this work.

CHARLES W. SMITH. As president of the
Los Angeles & Pasadena Electric Railway
Company, vice-president of the Los Angeles
Railway Company, and vice-president of the
Pasadena & Mount Lowe Railway Company,
Mr. Smith has been intimately associated with
the development of the transportation facilities
of this part of California, and the success of the
inter-urban electrical system is due to his keen
and judicious oversight, in connection with the
efforts of men of like enterprise and resource-
fulness. In addition to the variou.s positions
named, he is president of the Portland Cement
Company.

During the colonial period a party of home-
seekers came from Litchfield. England, and
founded Litchfield, Conn., and it was then that
the Smith family, represented liy Charles W.
.Smith, became identified with .\merican history.

Several of the ancestors, direct and collateral,
were soldiers of the Revolution. William D.
Smith was born in Litchfield, Conn., in 1805,
and grew to manhood in Berkshire county,
Mass., where he followed the trade of carriage-
builder. Removing to Austerlitz, N. Y.,"he en-
gaged in the manufacture of carriages. A later
place of residence was Homer, Union county,
Ohio, and there, in March of 1848, he and two
of his children died of the cholera. His wife,
Almira, was born in Austerlitz, N. Y., and died
in Ohio. She was a daughter of Story Gott, a
native of Connecticut, of English and Scotch
descent, and a lieutenant in the Revolutionary
war, after which he engaged in farming in
Columbia county, N. Y. There were nine chil-
dren in the family of William D. and Almira
Smith, six of whom attained maturity and three
are now living. One of the sons, William Henry
Smith, was the first verbatim reporter in the
legislature of Ohio, later became an editor and
publisher in Cincinnati, and in 1869 originated
the Associated Press of the United States, of
which he acted as manager until his death, iu
1897. Possessing high literary ability, he was
the author of a number of works of standard
merit and acknowledged authority in their
special lines. Included among his JDroductions
are the St. Clair papers. At the time of his
death he was engaged in the compilation of a
History of the Northwest, which was almost
completed; and he had also almost completed a
biography of the late Ex-President Rutherford
B. Hayes, which work he had taken up in ac-
cordance with a request made by President
Hayes in his will.

In the town of Austerlitz, Columbia county.
N. Y., Charles W. Smith was born September
5, 1831. In July, 1842, he accompanied his par-
ents to Union county, Ohio, where he attended
a subscription school held in a log building,
with greased paper for windows, slabs for seats,
and a puncheon floor. The common mode of
writing was with quill pens, while the writing
desk was a board fastened to and ruiming along
the side of the wall. However, while none of
the modern equipments could be found, these
same schools sent out into the world some of
our greatest statesmen and our best citizens. At
the age of eighteen he utilized his education in
teaching, which occupation he followed during
the winter months. Next he learned the trade
of a harnessmaker and saddler in Woodstock,
Ohio, and iust about the time he completed his
apprenticeship railroads were built into that
section. March i, 1855. he was appointed agent
at Woodstock for the Columbus, Pic|ua & In-
diana Railroad, .'\bout one year later he be-
came their agent in Columbus, Ohio, and after
his first year there he was invited to become
general freight agent of the road, with head-
([uarters in Columbus. I^^nder various changes

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and consolidations, he held the office from 1857
until the spring of 1870. Meantime the road
had been extended to Cincinnati and Pittsburg
on the east and to Chicago on the west.
On the opening of the Union and Central Pa-
cific roads he accepted the position of general
freight agent for the Central Pacific, with head-
iiuarters in Sacramento; but after two years, on
account of failing heaUh. he resigned the posi-
tion and returned east. A later position was that
of general manager of the Indianapolis, Bloom-
ington & Western Railroad, with headquarters
in''Indianapolis. December i, 1874, he resigned
in order to accept a position with the Chicago.
Burlington & Ouincy Railroad as general
freight agent, with headquarters in Chicago, and
three years later was promoted to be traffic
manag'er of the same road. Beginning May i,
i88o,"for one year he held the office of traffic
manager of the' New York. Lake Erie & West-
ern Railroad, with headquarters in New York
Citv, following which he was general manager
of 'the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, head-
quarters Richmond, Ya..

A further honor came to Mr. Smith in his
election, January i, 1886, as vice-president and
general manager of the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe Railroad, after which he had his head-
quarters in Topeka, Kans. While officiating in
this position there was great activity in railroad
building, and the Santa Fe lines were extended
through the west. In addition to this office, in
1888 he also acted as general manager of the
Atlantic & Pacific Railroad. On the comple-
tion of the Santa Fe into Chicago, the head-
quarters of the company were moved to that
city. The management of the company's vast
interests, at a period so critical in the history
of the road, proved too great a strain upon his
health, and it became necessary for him to seek
at least temporary change of environment. Ac-
cordingly in 1890 he resigned his position; two
years later the road went into the receivers'
hands.

It was Mr. Smith's intention to abandon rail-
roading permanently when he left the Santa Fc
office, but in 1896 the bondholders of the At-
lantic & Pacific road became dissatisfied with
the receivers and he was asked to fill the posi-
tion. His health being much better, he con-
sented and took charge in December of that
vear. Under his systematic oversight order was
brought out of chaos and affairs were brought
to a satisfactory termination. When the road
was sold to the Santa Fe system, in Jnly, 1897,
he came to Pasadena, again expecting to re-
tire permanently from railroading, but again
his decision was changed. Some friends in
Chicago, who owned the bonds of the Pasadena
& Los Angeles Electric Railway, solicited him
to accept the presidency of the road. In the fall
of i8<)7 he ))ecame connected with the road in

this capacity, and also became a stockholder and
director. Largely through his efforts the road
was placed upon a satisfactory basis. In 189S
the company was merged into the Los Angeles
& Pasadena Electric Railway Company, and of
this he is still president. February i, 1900, he
was chosen general manager of the Los Angeles
Railway Company, with headquarters in Los
Angeles, and at once assumed the active man-
agement of the same, conducting it successfully.
About the same time he installed his son. W. H..
as manager of the Los Angeles & Pasadena
Electric Railway Company. August i, 1901, he
resigned from the management of the Los
Angeles system and was elected second vice-
president, in which capacity his broad knowl-
edge and experienced judgment are still at the
service of the company. June i, 1901, the com-
pany bought the Pasadena «& Mount Lowe Rail-
way, which became a part of the system, and
he is its vice-president. In Februars-, IQ02. all
of these roads except the Los Angeles Railway
were merged into the Pacific Electric Railroad
Company, of which his son is now manager.

In Woodstock. Ohio. Mr. Smith married Miss
!\Iarceline M. Sprague, who was born in Wood-
stock. Vt., of a very old New England
family. They became the parents of three chil-
dren: Mrs. Kate Kelsev, who died in Rich-
mond, Va. : Ella, who died at five vears; and
William H., manager of the Pacific Electric
Railroad Company.

The Pasadena Board of Trade and Los
Angeles Chamber of Commerce number Mr.
Smith among their members. During his resi-
dence in Ohio he was a member of the
grand lodge, I. O. O. F. During the davs of
the Civil war he was a member of the Union
League and a firm believer in abolition princi-
ples. In politics he is a stanch Republican.
While livina" in Chicago he became connected
with St. Paul's LTniversalist Church, in which his
membership remains to the present. The suc-
cess which he has attained is notable. When
only fifteen years of age he was compelled to
begin life's battles for himself, working on a
farm for a shilling aN.day. From that discourag-
ing start he rose to fl position of such promin-
ence in railroad circles that his talents were
recognized by the leading railroad men of the
countrs'. His close connection with various
roads resulted in their upbuilding- and develop-
ment. While to a certain extent his start in the
railroad business was accidental, yet by a happy
coincidence he had found the line of work for
which he was best adapted and in which hi<
talents might have ample opportunity for ex-
pansion. His achievements in the east merit
recognition, but were his sole record that which
he has made in connection with the street rail-
road svstem of the twin cities of Los Aneeles
and Pasadena, he would still be entitled to

^<^<Z-

■^- ^^,^^t6

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

781

recognition as one of the most successful rail-
road men of the country.

JOHN J. HEWITT. In presenting to the
readers of this volume the life-record of Mr.
Hewitt, we are perpetuating the historj' of one
of the most influential men of Riverside. While
his name is intimately associated with other
localities, yet the fact that the last, and perhaps
the most fruitful years, of his life were spent
in California, renders his biography especially
interesting to the people of this state. To a
certain extent, his removal to Riverside was the
result of chance. Owing to impaired health re-
sulting from overwork in many lines of activ-
ities, a change of climate was made desirable,
and traveling through the west, along the coast,
he arrived in Riverside in 1882. At once he
was fascinated by this city. Without further
delay he purchased property and established his
family in the home which they still occupy.

From the first, Mr. Hewitt was identified with
the business interests of Riverside and a con-
tributor, in many ways, to its material develop-
ment. When the First National Bank was
organized he became a director and continued
in that capacity until he was elected to succeed
Mr. Xaftzger as president of the institution. As
a financier, he proved himself abundantly able
to cope with the many questions constantly
brought to him for decision. To his efiforts.
in no small degree, is due the high standing
which the bank enjoys to-day as a financial in-
stitution. Nor did his connection with this bank
represent the limit of his activities. After the
organization of the Riverside Savings Bank, he
was foremost in the work of placing it upon a
firm basis and his connection with it created :\
confidence among the people in its safety. In
addition to his work with these two banks, he
acted as president of the Keeley Institute, w^hich
manages all of the branches on the coast.

When but a mere lad, the education John J.
Hewitt hoped to obtain was rendered impossible
owing to his ill health. In the fall of 1848 he
went to Chicago, where he was employed as a
clerk in the National Hotel. In the summer of
1840 he settled in Ogle county and, with the
money saved while in the hotel, he bought a half
interest in an ox-team and began to break
I)rairie. Before the close of the first season ho
liad bought the claim of his partner and had
also become the owner of another team. The
same fall he sold both teams and went to
Kentucky, where he bought tobacco, shipping it
bv river to Pittsburg, where he sold the entire
shipment at a good profit. .-Mter six months
spent in this business he returned to Franklin
countv. Pa., but soon begati to teach school in
\\'ashington county, Md. At the close of one
term of school he embarked in the mercantile
business, in which he met with fair success. In

the fall of 1854 he joined his father at Foreston,
111. The next year his brother, Theodore, com-
menced the erection of the Central Hotel, but
died before it was completed. In 1858 Mr.
Htewitt began the erection of a second hotel
structure. In February, 1868, he opened the
Bank of Foreston, which he conducted until
1872, when he sold his interest. In June, 1880,
he established the Farmers and Traders Bank
at Foreston, of which he was chosen president.

Owing to impaired health, in the fall of 1881
Mr. Hewitt came to California, hoping to be
benefited by the climate. His subsequent history
was, in many respects, the history of Riverside.
With its progress, his own financial advance-
ment was promoted. With its growth, there
was a simultaneous development of his personal
interests. Meantime, he won the friendship of
the people of Riverside. His acquaintances
were his friends. When he died, September 12,
1900, his associates in business lamented his
loss as if he had been their father or brother.
Throughout all of his active life he showed the
guiding star of Christianity. He was a member
of the Calvary Presbyterian Church in River-
side and also an active worker in, and con-
tributor to the Y. M. C. A.

January 15, 1857, Mr. Hewitt married Miss
Susan M. Emrick, who was born in Franklin
county. Pa., April 20, 1830, and died in 1864.
They were the parents of four children: Emrick
B., who died at about twenty-one years of age;
Grace; Theodore D.; and Philo, who died at
eight months. His second marriage was solem-
nized December 3, 1872, and united him w-ith
Miss Martha E. Hutchison, by which union
were born two daughters, Beulah W., wife of
Dr. W. W. Roblee, of Riverside, and Ethel M..
at home.

LUTHER HARVEY TITUS. To its noble,
self-sacrificing pioneers, no less than to its en-
terprising business men of later days. Southern
California owes its remarkable progress. To
their zeal and energ\- will posterity be indebted,
and among the names worthy of perpetuation in
the future is that of L. H. Titus, a pioneer of
1849. From 1869 until his death thirty-one
years later he made his home in Los Angeles
county, where he accumulated valuable proper-
ties and gained prominence by reason of his
striking individuality and excellent business
judgment. At Hamburg, Erie county. N. Y.,
Mr. Titus was born October 9, 1822. His
father, a native of New York, was of English
and Holland-Dutch descent, while his mother,
whose maiden name was Gary, traced her an-
cestry to the Puritans, and her father was a
Revolutionary hero.

Starting out in the world to seek his liveli-
hood, in 1840 L. H. Titus went to Rockford.
(II., and from there to Galena, where he worked

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

in the lead mines for four years. His next ven-
ture was the purchase of a farm, for which he
paid out of his earnings in the mines. In 1845
he returned to Hamburg. Four years later he
started on a memorable journey for the Pacific
coast, via New York to Galveston, thence
through Houston and Austin to El Paso, and
along the southern route to the coast. As he
was crossing the Rio Grande at the old copper
mines he met David S. Terry, en route to Cali-
fornia. Proceeding together and with various
others, they arrived at the Gila river, where the
hostility of the Indians caused all but three of
the party to turn back. These three, consisting
of Titus,' Tupper and Salisbury, resolved to push
on through the country inhabited by the fero-
cious Apaches, the most bloodthirsty of all
Indian tribes. With a courage that knew no
such word as "fail" they passed through the
very heart of the savages' haunts. Ceaseless
watchfulness alone saved them from horrible
deaths. Again and again their cunning threw tlie
Indians off their trail, and at last they reached
the country of the friendly Pimos, from whom
they purchased supplies for the remainder of
the journey. Before reaching the Colorado
river they overtook a party of twenty-eight
Americans, with Dr. James B. Winston at their
head. In company with this party they crossed
the Colorado at Fort Yuma, using a government
wagon bo.x as a substitute for a ferry boat. A
few days later Mr. Titus met with a severe ac-
cident through the blowing up of a powder flask.
which, indeed, was but one of many catastrophes
he met with on the way. Finally, however,
August 13, 1849, the party arrived at San Diego.

By the steamer Oregon from San Diego, Mr.
Titus arrived in San Francisco September 13.
Thence he went to Stockton and Moquelumne
Hill, and later to Calaveras, where he and IMr.
Salisbury- met with considerable success. When
their claim had been worked out, Mr. Titus
returned to San Francisco and from there to
the redwoods north of the city, where he en-
gaged in the manufacture of shingles. While
there he caught a number of salmon, which he
sold for $5 each, also killed ten deer in two daj;^,
selling them for $18 each. In Februar\- of 1850
he went to the Feather river, where he engaged
in an unsuccessful attempt, with others, to turn
Deer creek. Thence he went up the Sacra-
mento valley and prospected above Shasta, later
returned to IMarysville, where he was very low
with fever for some time. As soon as he had
recovered "sufficiently to permit of travel he
went to San Francisco, where he took a sailing
vessel for Panama, and finally arrived at home
in 1851. During the ensuing years he continued
in the east, where his business ventures were
successful.

Returning in California in 1869. Mr. Tini^
was so pleased with Los Angeles that he decidcil

to locate here permanently, so went back home,
and the next year, with his daughter and her
husband, Capt. J. C. Newton, he once again
crossed the continent to the coast. Soon after
his arrival he bought a ranch near San Gabriel
Mission, where he engaged extensively in the
raising of oranges. At the same time he was
interested in the breeding of fine horses. In
1870 he brought from the east the stallion
"Echo," one of the finest horses that up to the
time had been secured for the coast. The rais-
ing of grapes was another industry in which
he engaged. Inventive ability was one of his
noticeable characteristics, and was utilized in
the devising of a ladder on wheels for picking
fruit, also a three-notch board for planting trees,
both of which patents are in general use in
Southern California. Another ingenious de-
vice permitted of the cutting and picking of
fruit with the same hand. He constructed a
machine for moulding cement canals to econo-
mize the use of water, by which means a given
quantity of water would irrigate three or four
times as much land as when run in ditches in
the soil. He was the first in Los Angeles county
to use a portable apparatus for spraying fruit
trees troubled with pests.

In 1845 J^Ir. Titus married jNIaria Benedict,
who died leaving two daughters, Mary H., wife
of Capt. J- C. Newton; and Clara R., who be-
came a sister of the order of the Immaculate
Heart of Mar)\ The older daughter was mar-
ried to Captain Newton in 1866 and became the
mother of two daughters, Clara Drysdale and
Mary Titus Newton. At Saratoga Springs. N.
Y., October i. 1891, Mr. Titus was united iu
mariage with Miss Ella Crary, daughter of John
and Ella (McKenna) Crary, natives respectively
of Saratoga Springs and New York City. Her
mother was educated in New York City and
while visiting in Saratoga Springs met Mr.
Crary for the first time. By their union three
children were born, Mrs. Titus being the sec-
ond. Mrs. Crary died at Saratoga Springs,
April 23, 1888, and Mr. Cran,'. after many years
as a merchant, is still living in that city, but
now retired from active cares. Excellent edu-
cational advantages were given Mrs. Titus in
her girlhood, culminating in a course of study
at the Fort Edward Institute in New York.
After graduating she returned home, where she
remained until her marriage to Mr. Titus. Her
bridal tour was the trip across the continent to
her new home. Horseshoe ranch, on San Pas-
quel avenue. East Pasadena, a tract of fifty acres
comprising one of the most valuable estates in
the vicinity. The only child of her marriage to
yir. Titus was a son, his father's namesake, and
who died December 24, 1891;, at the age of three
years. The death of Mr. Titus occurred April
2<), 1900, on the home ranch, and thus passed
away one of the honored pioneers of Los

//^ . /J) "ap^^^-^c^t.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Angeles county, one who as a friend, neighbor
and citizen, had been faithful to every duty in
life, and whose sterling integrity of character
won the friendship of every acquaintance. Since
his death the management of his properties has
fallen to the care of Mrs. Titus, and her un-
usual business ability is called into constant
exercise in their supervision. Besides the home-
stead, she has a section of unimproved land in
Riverside; a section five miles from Templeton,
the larger part of which is in wheat; six acres
on Garfield avenue at San Gabriel Mission,
which is under cultivation to barley; six acres
on Rose avenue, Lamanda Park, which is
planted to olives; and two lots on Agricultural
street, Los Angeles. Her recognized ability in
business afifairs, coupled with her culture, has
won for her a high position among the refined
and successful citizens of Pasadena.

JOHN MARCELLUS STEWART. It is
given to few in a corresponding sum of years to
pass through the varied phases of life ex-
perienced by John Marcellus Stewart, the key
note of which is best expressed in a paper read
by this honored early settler before the
pioneers in September of 1901. In vivid and
graphic fashion are set forth his impressions of
the days when men's minds reeled with visions
of limitless wealth on the coast, and when the
vast western plains were intersected with slow
moving forms borne past all deprivation and
suffering by the internal fire of their golden
dreams. So faithfully and candidly are his ex-
periences recounted that the pages were filed
away in the archives of the society, and pro-
nounced a masterful exposition of happenings
possible at but one period of the world, and in
but one country.

A native of Warner, Merrimack county, N.
H., Mr. Stewart was born April 13, 1828, and
comes of Scotch-Irish ancestors, who were de-
voted members of the Baptist Church. His
father, John Stewart, was born in Massa-
chusetts, as was also his grandfather, another
John, and whose brother was killed at the battle
of Stillwater, during the Revolutionary war.
The grandfather eventually moved with his
family to New Plampshire, where he was a
pioneer farmer, and where he died. The
younger John during the rest of his life, lived
on the homestead which he tilled and improved
and which had been the special pride of his
father before him. He married Hannah Dahon,
also a native of Warner, and a daughter of Isaac
Dalton, born in Massachusetts and an early set-
tler of New Hampshire. To this couple were
born six children, two of whom are living, John
Marcellus being the youngest. Another son,
Leonard, was a soldier in the Civil war, and
lost his life as a member of a New Hampshire
regiment.

785

The education of Mr. Stewart was acquired
m the public schools of Merrimack county, N.
H., and at Sanbornton Academy. At the age of
eighteen he had qualified for a teacher, and en-
gaged in educational work for about a year.
In 1848, when twenty years old, he located in
Columbus, Columbia county. Wis., and after
buying land on the prairies engaged in teaching
school. He, also, heard the tales of gold nar-
rated by returned travelers from the west, and
ui 1850 set out with four companions, and with
horse teams and wagons crossed the Missis-
sippi river at Dubuque, Iowa, and the Missouri
at Council Blufifs. The little band here laid in
a supply of horses and provisions, and pro-
ceeded by wav of the Platte and the Southern
Pass to Salt Lake and Humboldt, and arrived
at Placerville, July 14, 1850. The danger in-
fested journey consumed eighty-three davs, and
of the nine horses with which they started from
Council Blufifs, and the one purchased on the
way, four only succeeded in reaching Cali-
fornia. For two years Mr. Stewart engaged in
mining on the American river with fair success,
and in 1852 returned to the states bv way of
Panama and New York, finally reaching Wis-
consin, v.'here he engaged in the milling busi-
ness for six years. To facilitate his ambitious
schemes he .built a saw and grist mill on the
Crawfish river, where was heard the hum of
industry which indicated a deserved success.
But as most returned who had once felt the
charm and possibility of California, the miller
of Wisconsin felt again the old desire, and in
1858 brought his family hither by way of Pan-
ama to San Francisco, and settled in Sacra-
mento county. For a time he juggled with the
uncertainties of mining, and then settled down
to the slower but more sure returns of mer-
cantile business, as found in the sewing ma-
chine trade of Sacramento. As time went on
he had no occasion to regret this departure
until the big flood left six feet of water on Jay
street, when it behooved him to settle elsewhere.
He therefore established a business in San Fran-
cisco, and in 1864 returned east with his family
by way of Panama, and visited Wisconsin and
New Hampshire until the following year. Bv
the Nicaragua route he then returned to San
Francisco and engaged in lumber manufactur-
ing for several years.

In 1871 Mr. Stewart became identified with
Southern California, and bought seventeen acres
of land in Los Angeles east of what is now-
Grand avenue and south of Thirtieth street,
where he built a cottage about a hundred feet
from his present residence. This property was
set out in vineyards, and under the present man-
agement was converted into a nurser}' which
was maintained for about ten years. In the
mean time the land had been sold off so that
there were but ten acres remaining, and this

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Mr. Stewart laid out into the Stewart nursery
tract, most of which has since been disposed of.
He has buih some residences on his property,
and has an unusually fine addition.

In Columbus, Wis., Mr. Stewart married Me-
lissa A. Fisher, a native of New York state, and
of this union there have been two children:
Nettie, who is now Mrs. Barron, of San Fran-
cisco, and Grace, who is married to C. H. Hall
and is living at home. Mr. Stewart is a Re-
publican in political affiliation, and is a member
of the Society of Los Angeles Pioneers. He is
associated with the Immanuel Presbyterian
Church, and is an ex-member of the board of
trustees. Of recent years he has not discon-
tinued his travels, for in January of 1888 he
went east via the Central and Union Pacific
Railroads and returned the following December
to California by the Canadian Pacific Railroad.
In 1890 he took a pleasure trip to .\laska. and
it may thus be said that he has a most intimate
knowledge of the country of which he is a typical
citizen.

CLARK GILBERT WILKINSON. After
some years of identification with various busi-
ness interests in California, in 1901 Mr. Wil-
kinson turned his entire attention to the straw-
berry business, having previously started the
raising of the plants. The five acres that lie
has planted in straw^berries are in a thriving con-
dition and give every indication of gratifying
fruitage, in return for the care and labor ex-
pended upon them. To assist in the cultivation
of the land, he has his own pumping plant, and
is thus enabled to irrigate the ranch as needed.
The property is located at Tropico, within easy
reach of Los Angeles, where the berries are
marketed.

The parents of Mr. Wilkinson are Samuel and
Sarah (Smith) Wilkinson, natives of Pennsyl-
vania, and pioneers of Tropico, Cal., having
settled here in 1885. For some years the father
carried on horticultural and farming pursuits,
but he is now living in retirement at his pleas-
ant country home. Of the twelve children
comprising the family six are living, Clark Gil-
bert being the youngest of the number. He
was born at Elburn, Kane county, III, March
18, 1872,' and grew to manhood upon a farm.
In 1889, four years after coming with his par-
ents to Tropico, he became an employe of the
Los Angeles & Glendale Narrow Gauge Rail-
road, and within six months had worked his
way up from news agent to conductor. After
one year in the latter capacity he left the rail-
road and began farming and teaming, but later
opened the first plumbing establishment in
Tropico. While still a boy he had learned how to
operate gasoline engines by working the pumji-
ing plant on the home farm, and in this way li.'
gained a thorough knowledge nf engineering.

In 1898 he became chief engineer of the Tropico
Water Company, of which he was an organizer
and stockholder. After superintending the put-
ting in of the plant, he continued as engineer
for three years, and under his capable manage-
ment the plant was greatly enlarged and im-
proved. He is regarded as an expert in all
matters concerning gasoline engines and is fre-
quently called upon to set them up or repair
them when out of working order. His inter-
ests extend to the oil business, and he acts as
agent for the Franklin Refining Company of
Los Angeles, which handles distillate and lubri-
cating oil.

The marriage of Mr. \Mlkinson and Miss
Orlie F. Saunders, who was born in Kansas,
occurred in Los Angeles, and they have since
made their home at Tropico. Their family con-
sists of two sons. Miles and Irving. Though
not active in politics, Mr. Wilkinson is a stanch
Republican. Fraternally he is connected with
the Odd Fellows at Glendale, the Maccabees in
Los Angeles, and the Independent Order of
Foresters at Glendale, being an officer in the
lodge last named.

R. H. WILSON. This well-known citizen
of Monrovia arrived in California with his par-
ents when a lad of about fifteen years. At once
the qualities of energy and determination which
he possessed asserted themselves. With an
acre of land, given him by his father, he began
for himself, planting the tract in nursery stock.
From that small nucleus has grown the Pioneer
Nursery, which is one of the largest and most
successful in Southern California. A close study
of the soil during the past twenty-five years has
given him a thorough knowledge of the same,
together with a complete understanding of the
varieties of plant life best adapted to certain
soils; and this latter fact causes him to be often
consulted by amateur horticulturists desirous of
securing a correct start in the business. His
trade is large and extends all over the state, and
the filling of the many orders received makes
him one of Monrovia's busiest men.

At New Providence, N. J., Mr. Wilson was
born March 15. 1859, a son of Joseph and ■
Elizabeth B. (Sayre) Wilson, the former a
native of Manchester, England, the latter of
New Providence. The paternal grandfather,
Henry Wilson, brought his family from Eng-
land to the L'nited States and settled in New
York, afterward removing to New Jersey. The
maternal grandfather, David .Sayre, who spent
his entire life on a New Jersey farm, was the
son of a Frenchman residing in .\merica front
youth. Growing to manhood in the east. Joseph
Wilson for some years carried on a saw manu-
facturing business at Newark. N. J., but, hoping
to better his condition in the west, he settled
in California in t87_^. For thirteen years he

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

was employed in Los Angeles, and in 1876
bought thirty acres, which he planted in navel
and Valencia oranges, deciduous fruits and Eng-
lish walnuts. The ranch is one of the most
thrifty in Duarte and its prosperous appearance
reflects credit upon the enterprising owner, who,
at the age of seventy-two, is still giving personal
attention to its management.

When a child R. H. Wilson accompanied his
parents from New Providence to Newark, N. J.,
where he attended the common schools until
thirteen years of age. Since coming to Cali-
fornia he has given his attention to business
matters, but has compensated for his limited
schooling by self-culture and habits of close ob-
servation. His first wife was Miss Alice Phil-
brook, who was born in Bloomington, 111., and
died in Duarte, Cal. His present wife was
formerly Miss Florence A. Campbell, of Illinois.
They have two sons and two daughters, namely:
Alice, Nellie Elizabeth, Chester Ellsworth and
Charles Roswell. The family attend the Presby-
terian Church* to the work of which ]\Ir. Wil-
son is a contributor. In fraternal organizations
he is connected with the Foresters, Royal
Arcanum and Ancient Order of United Work-
men. In addition to the management of his
nursery business and the supervision of his
ranch of thirty-three acres where nursery stock
is grown, he has various business interests, in-
cluding the ownership of one-third interest in
the Citrus nurseries at Duarte and a one-fiftli
interest in the California Rose Company of Los
Angeles.

JOSHUA WOOD. The genealogy of the
Wood family is traced back to the founding of
Jamestown, Virginia's first colony. His great-
grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier from
\'irginia. The paternal grandfather, Tliomas,
was equally patriotic and offered his services
to the country during the war of 1812, but ere he
had been sent to the front peace was declared.
Becoming a pioneer of Ohio, he cleared and im-
proved a raw tract in Columbiana county, and
later took up new land in Lexington township.
Stark county, where he improved a farm and
remained until death. His son, Robert, though
born in old Virginia, spent his life principally in
Ohio, where he cleared eighty acres of wild for-
est land, built a log cabin, placed the land under
cultivation, and in time became a prosperous
farmer. For years he ser\'ed as township trus-
tee, being elected to the office on the Republican
ticket. He married Abigail Gaskill, who was
born in Columbiana county and died at Alliance,
Ohio. The family of which she was a member
affiliated with the Society of Friends. Tier
father, Nathan Gaskill, a native of England, ac-
companied his parents to America and sfttled
among the pioneers of the southern part of the
state. later going to Columbiana county. In

the family of Robert and Abigail Wood there
were twelve children, all but three of whom
attained maturity and five are living. One son,
E. J., now of Anamosa, Iowa, and another, J. D.,
of Alliance, Ohio, were soldiers in the One Hun-
dred and Fifteenth Ohio Infantry during the
Civil war.

The eldest of the family and the only one in
California is Joshua Wood, of Pasadena. He
was born in Alliance, Ohio, December 3, 1829,
and grew to manhood on a frontier farm in Lex-
ington township. Among his earliest recollec-
tions are those of seeing bear, panthers, wolves
and deer._ In the early days children had little
opportunity to attend school, for everv hand was
needed in the arduous task of cutting timber,
grubbing, clearing, cultivatinsr and improving.
The years of his youth had few recreations or
pleasures, but he grew up, strong, resolute and
clean-souled. Through self-culture, rather than
anv extensive attendance upon the subscription
schools, he acquired a fair education, and at the
age of twenty-one began to teach in the home
district, where he remained for ten successive
years, afterward teaching one vear in Indiana.
His success in educational work led to his se-
lection as chairman of the township board of
education, which position he filled for fourteen
years. In the meantime he had bought and im-
proved a farm of one hundred acres, and on sell-
ing this he bought one hundred and fifty-seven
acres two miles from Alliance. For six 3'ears
he was a member of the board of county com-
missioners, and for three years served as its
chairman.

When the first call came for volunteers in
1861 Mr. Wood offered himself for service in
the Nineteenth Ohio Infantry, but was rejected
on account of a stiff ankle. The surgeon, who
noticed that his rejection was a keen disappoint-
ment to the enthusiastic youth, tendered him
a position as aid in the provost-marshal's ofifice,
and he was delighted to see that much of act-
ive campaign work. While he was filling the
position, as he stood one day on guard at the
door, he lowered his bayonet to permit the en-
trance of a mere boy, who had just volunteered
and desired an examination. It was this boy
who afterward served so nobly in his country's
cause and who, in later years, as President of
the United States, brought the nation to a de-
gree of prosperity never before experienced.
The acquaintance formed in this unique way be-
tween the guard and the recruit was continued
in later years, and Mr. Wood took pleasure in
serving as foreman of the first grand jury after
Mr. A'IcKinley had been elected prosecuting at-
torney; also had the pleasure of attending the
congressional convention where he was nomi-
nated for congress. Among his most prized
K'ccpsakes are a number of letters received at

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

different times from Mr. McKinley. Among
his friends he also numbered James A. Garfield,
with whom he was well acquainted.

In 1889 Mr. Wood came to Pasadena, Cal.
Two years later he was made foreman of the
Pasadena road district, which position he has
since filled. In his district there are eighty-
seven bridges, and eighty-two and one-half miles
01 road. In point of years of service, he is the
oldest road foreman of any district in Los An-
geles county. The satisfactory condition of his
roads speaks volumes for his efficient labors in
the office. Meantime he has also engaged in
horticulture and has unproved his place with de-
ciduous fruits. While living in Ohio he mar-
ried Aliss Alaria Carter, who was born in Portage
county, that state. They have five children. The
eldest, Lorinda, is the wife of G. A. Winner,
who came from Alliance, Ohio, to Pasadena,
Cal., in 1887, and is now superintendent of Sta-
tion A, Pasadena postoffice, besides carrying
on mercantile pursuits. The other members of
the family are: Belle, at home; Edwin Gar-
field, who is tax adjuster with the Southern Pa-
cific in Los Angeles: Mrs. Ona Spaulding, of
Los Angeles: and Burdette, at home.

For twenty-four years, during his residence in
Ohio, Mr. Wood was superintendent of the
Methodist Episcopal Sunday-school, and for
four years he also had charge of another school.
He is now a member of the board of trustees
of the church in Pasadena and at one time served
as president of the same. From his earliest vot-
ing days he has been an enthusiastic Republican,
and no one is stancher than he in his support
of the party. In Ohio he rendered service on
the county central committee. In this state,
during the candidacy of William McKinley, he
did considerable stump work, and was especially
careful to brand as falsehood a number of state-
ments that had been made against the Repub-
lican nominee. Both from the standpoint of
personal friendship and party policy, he was un-
ceasing in his efforts to enlist the public fa-
vor in behalf of his friend, "whose subsequent
successful administration proved that he did not
err in his estimate of his presidential qualities.

GEORGE B. WOODBURY, the secretary
of the ^^erdugo Canon Water Company, at Yer-
dugo, Los Angeles county, is of English descent
and a son of George L. and Anna (Rich) Wood-
bury, natives respectively of Massachusetts and
Dixmont, Me. His father, who was reared and
educated at Salem, became an undertaker by oc-
cupation. While a young man he joined a party
of fortune-seekers for the Pacific coast, but did
not long remain in California. He was married
in Massachusetts and later removed to Xew Or-
leans, La., where he was employed as book-
keeper in an office. In 1860 his son was born
in Monlicello, Alinn., while the familv were vis-

iting there in order to escape the heat of a
southern summer. Soon afterward, during the
Sioux Indian outbreak, Airs. Woodbury had a
narrow escape from drowning, while attempting
to seek safety from the red men. A few months
later she was bereaved by the death of her hus-
band, who was then thirty-nine years of age.
She was thus left alone in Xew Orelans, with
limited means, and surrounded on every hand
by the evidences of hostility which the near ap-
proach of the war was developing. Being in
sympathy with the north and desirous of join-
ing her relatives in New England, she made
hurried preparations to leave the south, and
secured passage on the last boat that started
from New Orleans before the war began. In
her haste she was obliged to leave property and
household possessions, and on her arrival in
Boston had only $20 in her possession. For
many years she remained in that city, but finally
died in Maine, when sixty-one years of age.

The public schools of Boston, supplemented
by attendance at the Mame Central Institute, in
Pittsfield, Me., furnished Mr. Woodbury with
an excellent education, which he utilized by
leaching three terms of district school during
winters. In November, 1884, he crossed the
continent and established his home in California,
where he has since been a devoted adherent to
the state's progress and a firm believer in the
constant growth and progress of his particular
locality. P)Uying twenty acres at Glendale, he
found himself in a sparsely settled community,
where few attempts at improvement had been
made. \\'ith the subsequent development of the
locality he has been closely associated and still
owns the ranch that was his first purchase in
the state. However, the land is rented, with
the exception of his homestead of two acres,
which is planted in fruit and vegetables for fam-
ily consumption. His attention Ts mainly given
to his labors as secretary of the \"erdugo Canon
Water Company, which office he has filled since
1901, having previously since 1886 been con-
nected with the company as zanjero. He and
his wife (who was formerly Miss Alice Wright,
of Pennsylvania) have a daughter, Anna A. In
liis political views he is independent, not bind-
ing himself to any party, although maintaining
an active interest in all matters pertaining to the
local and general welfare.

JUDSON HORATIO WOODWORTH,
one of the early settlers of Pasadena, was bom
in the township of \\'ayne, Ashtabula county,
Ohio. October 31, 1847. The Woodworth fam-
ily, from which he descended, came originally
from England and settled in New England.
Ezra \\'oodworth, his great-grandfather, came
from Yermont in 1804, and settled with his fam-
ily, consisting of a wife and. nine children, in
Ashtabula county. This family was among the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

791

earliest settlers of that region. They found
there an unbroken forest, inhabited by Indians
and abounding in bears, deer and wolves.

Ezra Woodworth and his five sons bought
large tracts of land from the government, and
clearing the forests from them, made farms
which are known today as among the very best
estate in the old Connecticut Western Reserve.
Horatio Woodworth, a grandson of Ezra and
father of J. H. Woodworth, lived upon one of
these farms, and reared his family of six chil-
dren, of which J. H. is the eldest. The latter,
after attaining his majority, remained with his
father, engaging in farming, general produce
shipping and manufacturing. In the year 1886
he came to Pasadena. Since living in Pasadena
he has been identified with the real estate, loan
and insurance business, in which he has main-
tained, either alone or in partnership with oth-
ers, one of the leading real estate offices of the
city. At present he and his son, Wallace S.
Woodworth, are conducting an office at No. 11
South Raymond avenue.

Mr. Woodworth has been for several years
president of the Pasadena Orange Growers' As-
sociation, and by his energy and perseverance
has been a leading factor in bringing that or-
ganization to its present prosperous condition.
He is also vice-president and a director in the
Semi-Tropic Fruit Exchange, and a member of
the Pasadena Board of Trade.

PETER FLEMING. Of the many men who
have contributed to Pomona's progress none is
more worthy of mention than the late Peter
Fleming. In many respects he was a remarka-
ble man. His sagacity and foresight have
seldom been surpassed. From the time of his
settlement in the eastern part of Los Angeles
county in 1875 until his death, which occurred
February 2, 1898, at the age of forty-six years,
he was closely associated with the development
of local water systems and did much to solve
the difficult problem of satisfactory irrigation.

During his boyhood Mr. Fleming lived at
Troy, Vt. (his birthplace), and in Massachusetts,
where he was a close friend of Charles Allen,
son of Enoch Allen. Later he was employed as
a clerk by Allen & Endicott, of New York City,
and while there married Margaret Coleman,
who was born in that city and is now living in
Pomona. Ill health forced him to relinquish his
position in New York and seek a more genial
climate, and he decided to come to CaUfornia.
His friends bade him farewell as he started on
the long voyage by the isthmus, but they did
so, believing it to be a last goodbye, for no one
dared hope that he would reach his destination
alive. However, he not only stood the trip
well, but after he had settled at Spadra, he at
once began to recuperate and soon felt himself
to be a well man once more. Delighted by these

hopes, he sent for his family and made pur-
chases of land with a view to permanent resi-
dence here.

In the selection of an occupation Mr. Flem-
ing showed his usual sagacity. He was one of
the first to establish an apiary in California, and
so successful was he in this experiment that
at one time he owned twelve hundred stands
and annually shipped fifteen car-loads of honey
to the east. The excellent price received for the
product made the enterprise a remunerative
one, and he continued successfully engaged as
an apiarist until the country began to be thickly
settled. As a result of the scientific study he
had made of bee culture, he not only gained
financial profits, but became known as one of
the best informed apiarists in the state.

While this region still had few settlers, Mr.
Fleming conceived the idea that if water could
be developed to supply the land, it would com-
mand a much higher price and would attract a
high class of permanent residents. In 1885 he
began to develop a water system, having as an
associate in the enterprise C. N. Earl, who was
succeeded by J. W. Sailer and he in turn by
George Rhorer. The last named, with Mr.
Fleming, organized the Sycamore Water De-
veloping Company, which furnishes the domes-
tic supply for Claremont, and also supplies the
larger part of Ontario and all of Packard
ranch. Selling his interest in this company in
1892, the following year Mr. Fleming was in-
terested in organizing the Claremont Water
Company, which developed into the Pomona
Water Company. On the organization of the
Consolidated Water Company of Pomona, Au-
gust 1, 1896, it succeeded the Pomona city water
works and the Citizens' Water Company, pur-
chasing their pipes and utilizing them in the
construction of their present extensive system.
They now have fifty-six miles of pipe lines in
the city of Pomona, and the North Pomona
branch'of four miles of pipes. The tunnel from
which the water is obtained is five miles north-
east of the business center of Pomona, above
Claremont. It is five thousand feet long and at
its upper extremity one hundred and ten feet
below the surface of the ground. From the
mouth of the tunnel the water is conducted in
large cement pipes to within one and one-half
miles of Pomona, where it enters a large reser-
voir, holding eight hundred thousand gallons.
From it the water flows into a sixteen-inch iron
pipe which feeds four distributing mains, and
these in turn deliver the water into small laterals
under an average pressure of fifty pounds. Not
onlv is the supply large at present, but it seems
capable of very great increase by extension of
the tunnel farther into the water-bearing chan-
nel. In addition the company owns the Smith
wells and thirty-five acres of water-bearing land
on the Sorby place. The water not consumed by

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Pomona and North Pomona is used for irrigat-
ing lands about Claremont and the Seth Rich-
ards orange orchard. From the organization of
the company until his death Mr. Fleming was
its largest stockholder and manager, and it was
due to his sagacity that the project of tunneling
was adopted.

The first ten-acre tract of oranges at Ontario
was set out by Fleming, who succeeded by good
cultivation in showing the people the possibil-
ities of citrus-fruit culture, and thus proved him-
self a most helpful citizen. At Lordsburg he
was a pioneer in setting out lemons, which he
proved it was possible to raise profitably. In-
deed, ever>-thing that he attempted seemed to
prosper. Disappointments of course he had, for
they come to all, but failure was a word that did
not appear in his dictionary. His shrewd, keen,
capable foresight made him one of the most in-
fluential men of his locality, and the heritage
that he left to his family is one of which they
may well be proud. He was the father of six
children, namely: Edward J., who is repre-
sented in this volume; Mary A., at home; Wil-
liam T. and Frederick A., who are cigar manu-
facturers in Pomona; Frank X., a drug clerk;
and Walter P., who is a student in local schools.

T. C. BREWSTER. Photography as a com-
bination of art and science, carried to that high
state of perfection possible only to those who
have an. innate appreciation of chairo-scuro, atti-
tude, varied emotions, and the multitudinous de-
tails which enter into and make a satisfying pho-
tographic reproduction, finds repeated expres-
sion in the work of J. C. Brewster, a resident of
\'entura, and one of the pioneer and most gifted
artists of Southern California. Added to a nat-
ural aptitude for his chosen occupation is the
gift of application, and the desire to be foremost
in all advances along the line of his work, many
important discoveries having been made by him-
self. He has in addition to an extensive para-
phernalia in ordinary use, a large camera with
which he takes life-size head pictures, and he
has also at his command all possible devices
for securing the required finish and effects. An
extensive and ever increasing trade is a reward
for years of practical research.

Back to the voyageurs of the Mayflower Mr.
Brewster traces his descent, and he is eighth
in line from Elder William Brewster, who sailed
from the shores of England in the most re-
nowned craft in American history. Following
him in direct succession were Love; Wrestling;
Jonathan, who settled in Windham, Conn., in
1729: Peleg, who was born in 17 17, and whose
oldest son John, born in Canterbury in 1739,
made the sixth generation. Next to the great-
grandfather, Peleg, came Jedcdiah, the grand-
father, who married Prudence Robinson, May
19, 1773, the following children being born of

the union: Elizabeth, Silas, Anson, Fiorina,
Sarah, Calvin and Jedediah, Jr. Elizabeth,
Sarah and Jedcdiah died in childhood, and the
mother. Prudence, died in January, 1789. The
following autumn Jedediah, Sr., married Asenath
Hapgood, and a few years later removed to
Berne, Albany county, N. Y. He was a soldier
during the Revolutionary war. Calvin Brewster,
the father of J. C, was born in Canterbury,
VN'indham county. Conn., in 1787, and in 1810
became one of the first settlers in Wayne coun-
ty, Ohio. He served with distinction in the
war of 1812. In 1850 he removed to Keosau-
qua, \'an Buren county, Iowa, and engaged in
the hotel business. In 1862 he came with his
son to California, and was for a time in the
hotel business in Sacramento, his death occur-
ring in Petaluma, Cal., at the age of eighty-four
years. He married Harriet Cramer in 1837,
Mrs. Brewster being a native of Strausburg,
Lancaster county. Pa., and of Dutch descent.
She was the mother of seven children, five of
whom are living, and all in California. Mrs.
Brewster died in \'entura in 1877.

Until nine years of age J. C. Brewster lived
in Wayne county, Ohio, where he was born
December 31, 1841. In 1852 he accompanied
the family to Iowa, where he studied in the pub-
lic schools of Keosauqua, and eventually was
graduated from the Benton's Port Academy.
Before he was of age he taught two terms of
school, and with the money thus acquired took
his first lessons in photography in i860, paying
$80 for his six weeks' instruction. He then
started in business on a small scale at Leroy.and
in May of 1862 started for California in an ox
train, arriving in Sacramento October 31, 1862.
For a time he taught school in Sacramento, and
then engaged with Wymer & Jacobs, large
brick manufacturers in \'irginia City, Nev.,
keeping their books at night, and doing other
work during the day, for which combination
he received double pay. He then bought a half
interest in a photographic outfit in \'allejo, but
after a few months sold out to his partner, and
returned to Sacramento. For a time he had
charge of a gallery on Jay street, and in 1864
returned to \'irginia City, and assumed charge
of the Vance gallery, R. H. \'ance, of New-
York, being the pioneer photographer on the
coast. He was later transferred to the \'ance
gallery at Carson City, and had charge of it un-
til the spring of 1865, when he drove a Concord
wagon and four mustang ponies to Ruby City.
Idaho, and there opened a studio for Sutterly
Brothers. His salary was $50 a week, and his
board, independent of room, $16 a week. In the
employ of the same firm he opened a studio in
Salt Lake City in 1865, where Mr. Sutterly
built a gallery, and while it was under construc-
tion Mr. Brewster ran a tent studio at Camp
Douglas, three miles distant. In the spring of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

793

1866 they started what proved to be a fine busi-
ness in the new gallery, their receipts amount-
ing at times to $200 a day. ^Ir. Brewster then
branched out for himself and opened a gallery
in Helena, Mont., returning to Salt Lake City in
the fall of 1868, where he also ran a gallery with
great success. In 1869 he went to White Pine,
Nev., and in 1870 to Virginia City, and opened
a fine studio on C street. In 1871 he removed
to San Francisco, where he worked for William
Shew on Kearney street, but from this estab-
lishment he was discharged because he refused
to work on Sunday. He was then with Bradley
& Rulofson, as retoucher, and in 1872 went to
San Luis Obispo, where he opened a large stu-
dio, removing in April, 1874, to Ventura. Here
he opened a studio near the old mission, and in
1875 built a gallery between Oak and Califor-
nia streets, which building he removed to the
present site on Oak street, making thereto ex-
tensive additions in 1877. As heretofore stated,
his gallery is equipped with every known de-
vice for the successful conduct of the best pos-
sible work. In his studio are beautiful pictures
of all the old missions, and he has a large col-
lection of Indian relics, brought from the Island
of San Nicholas, which he visited, and which is
eighty miles out in the ocean. He has built a
fine residence on Santa Clara street, which is
beautifully located in the midst of flowers and
shrubs. He has filled many positions of honor in
the community, has served as a school trustee,
as treasurer of the Young jMen's Christian As-
sociation, and has been an honorary member
of the Women's Christian Temperance Union.
Pie is a strong advocate of temperance, an elder
in the Presbyterian Church for many years,
Sunday-school superintendent for aS many
years, and a leader in the choir. He is a mem-
ber of the Board of Trade, and a strong Re-
publican.

In 1875 Mr. Brewster married Mrs. Mary
Sinclair, nee Mary Oberia Hadley, and widow
of J. S. Sinclair. Of this union there have been
two children, Calvin D., who died when two
years old, and Pansy Aug-usta, who was born
in Ventura, August 15, 1880.

MARIE ANTOINETTE NEY. Among the
California artists who are helping to perpetuate
the historical and picturesque old missions, none
is more faithful and consistent in delineation
than Marie Antoinette Ney. It is doubtful also
if any interesting bit of scenery along the coast
lias escaped the attention of this wielder of
brush and pencil, or if the glories of the moun-
tains have found a more persistent and con-
scientious friend. So long ago as 1889 Miss
Ney chose Pasadena as a fitting field for her ac-
tivities, her arrival in the state being preceded
by a thorough artistic training, and an asso-
ciation with people of high aspirations and keen

appreciation of the beautiful and true. She was
born in Vernon, Oneida county, N. Y., and is
the youngest of the four daughters and two sons
born to Charles and Cassan (McConney) Ney,
natives respectively of Oneida county, N. Y.,
and Connecticut. Her father was connected
with a large commission house in New York
City, and came of a family long identified vnth
that state, in which the paternal grandfather,
Jonathan Ney, also was born. The mother was
of Scotch descent, and her death occurred in
New York. Of the four children still living,
Roenna is a teacher of languages in New York
City; Mrs. Phillip Dietrich lives in Pasadena;
and Mrs. Wesley Tooke is a resident of Ma-
lone, N. Y.

The education of Miss Ney was acquired at
Cooper Institute, New York, and her first ar-
tistic training at the Art Students League, also
of New York. She subsequently taught art in
New Jersey and Long Island up to the time of
her removal to California in 1889. Before per-
manently locating in this state she spent four
months on a tour of inspection, and six weeks
of that time were spent on Mount Wilson. So
charmed was she with the prospects here rep-
resented that she returned to the east to dis-
pose of her interests, and again in California
built a cabin on Mount Wilson, where she spent
the summer. Her association with Pasadena
was originally accidental, and arose from an ad-
vertisement inserted by the principal of schools
for an assistant drawing teacher. She was en-
gaged for a month on trial, but remained with
the school for two years, afterward spending
a year in Throop Institute in charge of the
drawing and painting department. She then
opened a studio in Pasadena, and as a result of
her work in her present surroundings has ex-
hibited in the Academy of New York City, the
National Academy of Design in New York, and
the American Water Color Society exhibit. In
1898 Miss Ney visited Europe and traveled and
studied in different parts of the continent, and
upon her return studied during two winters
with the world-renowned William Chase, of
New York. She is especially interested in mis-
sion pictures, of which she has made a distinct
success, her canvases being in demand all over
the country. California, and its diversified
gifts has no more enthusiastic admirer than
Aliss Ney, who has traveled along the coast as
far as British Columbia, and claims to have
found no more inspiring scenery in Switzerland
than is to be found in the Rocky Mountains.
Each summer she starts out on a sketching
;our, and returns laden with material for a win-
ter's occupation. Miss Ney is possessed of per-
sonal characteristics which have won her manv
friends in California, all of whom are justly
proud of her eminent place in the delightful
world of art.

yp*

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL. RECORD.

MRS. MARY S. FRYE. The Evanston Inn,
one of the most ki.xurious and home-like of the
many abodes at the disposal of the transient
public of Pasadena, is indebted for the excel-
lence of its management and the beauty of its
arrangement to the business ability and artistic
appreciation of its owner and proprietor, Mrs.
Mary S. Frye. Among the multitude of places
in the country where one may revel in Southern
California delights none is more widely known
or patronized, for here all things combine to
satisfy the senses, the mind and the heart. From
a small place rented by Mrs. Frye in 1899, the
Inn has known a constant succession of en-
largements and improvements, and is at present
in need of far greater facilities for entertainment.
The building is now three stories in height and
contains forty rooms, the whole having a front-
age of one hundred feet. A fine park adds to
the comfort and pleasure of guests, and two
cottages in the rear of the hotel are utilized for
overflow during the busy season. The arrange-
ments and plans are all the work of the genial
and popular manager, whose reputation for tact
and kindliness is exceeded only by her gratify-
ing success.

From a stanch New England ancestry Mrs.
Frye inherits shrewd common sense, which,
augmented and developed by careful early train-
ing, has placed her in a position to adorn and
dignify her place. Before her marriage a mem-
ber of the Sheldon family of Vermont, Mrs.
Frye is a daughter of a Vermont merchant, Otis
P. Sheldon, and his wife, formerly Mary Shedd.
The father was born in Dorset, Vt., while the
mother was born at Windsor, same state, the
parental home being at the foot of the Ascutney
mountains, on the Connecticut river. Both fam-
ilies were for many years identified with Ver-
m.ont, and both claimed among their members
those who had shouldered muskets in the co-
lonial army during the war of the Revolution.
There were but two children born into the
Sheldon family, of which Otis P. was the head,
the other daughter being Mrs. Skinner, of Cam-
bridge, Mass.

At Windsor, Vt., Mrs. Frye attended the pub-
lic schools, and when eleven years of age re-
moved to Newton, Mass., and graduated from
the La Salle Seminary. She then took a course
at the Philadelphia Art School, and later re-
moved to Chicago, in which city her sister was
then living. While in Chicago she was united
in marriage with L. B. Frye, a native of Dan-
bury, Conn., and the business manager for the
Chicago branch of Fuller, Warren & Company,
of Troy, N. Y. This position he creditably main-
tained for over twenty-three years, and in the
mean time made his home in Evanston, a sub-
urb of Chicago, where he lived about twelve
years. Mr. Frye retired from active business in
1890, and, owing to impaired health, came to

Pasadena in 1896, his death occurring in this
city in October of 1899. To Mr. and Mrs. Frye
was born one son, Edward Sheldon, who is liv-
ing with his mother. Mrs. Frye is prominent in
social circles of Pasadena, and is a member of
the Shakspere and other social organizations.
In religion she is a Presbyterian, and in political
affiliations a Republican.

JOHN B. CUMMINGS. From the time of
his removal to Pasadena in 1882 until his death,
October 29, 1893, John B. Cummings accept-
ably filled his place in the city of his adoption as
a carpenter and builder, and an enterprising
citizen. He was one of the ir^any men who have
settled in this town after a youth and early man-
hood spent in Ohio, in which state he was born
at Mount Vernon, in 1843. He was educated in
the public schools, and at a comparatively early
age learned the carpenter's trade, which he fol-
lowed with much success in his native state.
June 22, 1882, he arrived in Pasadena, and grad-
ually made his way among the builders of the
town, many important contracts falling to his
lot. He was honorable and industrious, and
skilled in his chosen work, and while in this city
made many friends.

While living at Mount Vernon Mr. Cummings
married Elizabeth Toms, daughter of George
and Sarah (Wallace) Toms, and granddaughter
of William Toms. The family is of English ex-
traction, and the father and grandfather caine
together to this country, settling on a farm in
Knox county, Ohio. The grandfather returned
to London, where he died, but his son continued
to live in Ohio, where he engaged in building
and contracting. He served with distinction in
the Civil war, in Company C, Thirty-second Ohio
A'olunteer Infantry, but he never again saw the
family to which he was devoted, for his death
occurred at Cheat JMountain, Va. Through his
marriage to Sarah Wallace he became identified
with a family whose iieritage mounts up into
the millions, but which property is still tied up
in England. The grandfather of Mrs. Cum-
mings, Sir Richard Wallace, and his brother. Sir
Arthur, were the direct heirs to forty million
dollars, but through the failure of Sir Richard to
return to England after the death of his brother,
Arthur, the disposition of the property has been
inadvertently delayed. Mrs. Cummings is the
eldest in a family of five sons and two daughters,
one of whom, Silas, is proprietor of the Enter-
prise Nurseries at Pasadena.

Mrs. Cummings ■ is an excellent business
woman. During the real-estate boom she spec-
ulated successfully in property, which she
bought, sold and exchanged to advantage. She
formerly owned several lots in North Pasadena,
besides tiiree hundred and twenty acres of land
seven miles from Visalia, in Tulare county. She
is very liberal and public spirited, and has

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

797

brightened many lives by unostentatious con-
tributions. Mr. and Mrs. Cummings had three
children, namely: George E. C, who lives in
Pasadena; Lula C, at home; and Queenie, who
died January i, 1899, at the age of seventeen
years.

GEORGE L. STEARNS. In response to an
expanding ambition a remote Stearns ancestor
left the home of his forefathers in Germany and
settled in England during the Norman invasion.
At yet a later stage in the family history one
equally desirous of improving his chances
pursued his occupations and reared his family
among the sheltering hills of Wales, from which
safe but circumscribed retreat one bearing the
name in after years crossed the seas to Amer-
ica, settling with other searchers for largeness
of opportunity in Massachusetts. Thus began
a line of Puritan sires and model matrons, the
former of whom have since fought and often
died while promulgating the liberty we now en-
joy.

The honor and prestige of his family have
been well maintained by George L. Stearns, who
was born in Amsterdam, Montgomery county,
N. Y., January 22, 1833. Ezra Stearns, the
paternal grandfather, was born in Massa-
chusetts, and in time became one of the pioneer
settlers of New York state. Imbued with a
sincere patriotism he followed the martial
fortunes of Washington during the Revolution-
ary war as a minute-man, and was wounded at
Bunker Hill. His second brother also was a
patriot, and served in the Colonial army during
the same struggle for the removal of English
oppression. The grandfather was a millwright
in Amsterdam, N. Y., and died in the Black
River country, whither he had gone to con-
struct a mill. His son, Asa, the father of George
L., was born in Pittsfield, Mass., and like his
sire became a millwright, carrying on extensive
milling and furniture manufacturing interests in
Amsterdam. Having decided to try his fortunes
further west, he located on a farm near Eagle,
Waukesha county, Wis., where he died in 1857.
Through his marriage to Anna Paddock he be-
came allied with a family the most distinguished
representative of which was LaFayette, the
great Frenchman. Mrs. Stearns was born in
New York City just after the landing of the
ship which had brought her parents from
France, in which country was born the grand-
father Paddock, who became one of the pioneer
farmers and millers of the Black River country,
New York. INIrs. Stearns, who died in Mich-
igan, was the mother of four sons and three
daughters, of whom two sons are now living.
Of these, Lawton B., who served during the
Civil war in the Second Wisconsin Heavy
Artillery, is a resident of Cove, Ore., where he
is extensively engaged in building.

The necessarily limited educational oppor-

tunities afforded George L. Stearns in Amster-
dam, Montgomery county, N. Y., were re-
deemed from future disastrous results by his
ready wit and commendable thirst for knowl-
edge, resulting in individual effort and self in-
struction, and eventually gaining for the studi-
ous youth a teacher's certificate. As early as
eight years of age he shouldered responsi-
bility by entering his father's furniture factory,
where he learned to work in wood, and also
became familiar with machinery and iron work.
When twenty-one years of age he began to
learn mechanical engineering and structural
building in New York state, having finished
which he settled in Rockford,' 111., in 1856.
There he served as inspector for the ]\Ianey
Reaper Company's works. Not content with
the prospects in the Illinois town he repaired
to Eagle, Wis., where he engaged in building-
mills and bridges, the latter being both public
and for the railroads. In Wisconsin he tried to
enlist for the Civil war, but was rejected. The
same effort in Rockford was attended by the
desired results, and he enlisted in Company C,
Sixty-seventh Illinois Infantry, and was placed
on detached service for four and a half months
at Camp Douglas. With this apology for an
anticipated war service of large proportions he
was obliged to content himself, and after being
mustered out he returned to Wisconsin, and in
Appleton engaged in the furniture business.
He was the first contracting furniture manufac-
turer of the place, but his factory went up in
smoke and flame, and proved the first of a series
of like disasters which temporarily illuminated
the business career of Mr. Stearns. The second
destructive blaze happened in Hebron, in the
same state, and the third factory to succumb to
the elements of destruction blazed away in dis-
tinguished company, for on the same night i'n
1871, Mrs. O'Leary's cow tipped over the most
expensive candle in the history of the world, and
Chicago was in the throes of the most horrible
and persistent of fire fiends. Nevertheless, Mr.
Stearns in spite of these unwelcome and dis-
couraging hindrances again engaged in the
furniture business after locating in Cedar Falls,
Iowa, and continued the same with moderate
success until removing to Grand Haven, Mich.,
in 1874.

One of the most conspicuously successful
periods of Mr. Stearns' life was in connection
with the lumbering business in Grand Haven,
where he also conducted a planing mill, prepar-
atory to the organization of the Stearns Brothers
Manufacturing Company, devoted to the manu-
facture of engines, machinery and windmills.
This venture started out under auspicious cir-
cumstances and was maintained with ever-in-
creasing success, and the Stearns windmills
became known the world over, and were shipped
to all quarters of the globe where the utility of

798-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

this invention is known and appreciated. ' The
firm also manufactured tanks and wooden
wheels for other manufacturers, and at one time
turned out two-thirds of the woodwork for mills
in the United States. Air. Stearns was also the
first to make tanks by machinery in connection
for woodwork for mills. The windmills were,
however, of paramount importance, and so
great was the European demand that an export-
ing house was established at No. 43 New street.
New York City, and from 1873 until 1883 in-
clusive, the Stearns Brothers had the largest
exporting windmill business in the world. An
unusually appropriate advertisement for the
mills grew out of the destruction of the town of
Alexandria, Egypt, when, above the general
debris arose unscathed the Stearns windmill,
pumping away as of yore, apparently unmind-
ful of its exclusive isolation as the sole re-
minder of a previously prosperous town. The
historian who chronicled the disaster gave a
particularly interesting description of this always
picturesque construction, a fact which lent ad-
ditional romance to the flapping wings so well
beloved of artist-souls on the Dunes of Hol-
land, and on the practical prairies of the west.
Thus nine years of united effort built up a com-
mercial enterprise of international importance,
and yet so uncertain are the most substantial
plans of men, that in 1883 the grim and relent-
less flames swept away that which was created
by the careful thought, diligence and splendid
achievement of master business minds, and $85.-
000 was as though it had never been, this be-
ing the sum lost above all insurance. This was
the fourth large conflagration, but there had in
the mean time been six smaller ones.

The necessity for artificial irrigation in Cali-
fornia had in the mean time been prolific of
Orders for the mills constructed in Grand
Haven, Mich., and by 1883 over two thousand
had been erected in different parts of the state,
and agencies had been established for their
further disposal. It was therefore not surpris-
ing that Mr. Stearns should feel kindly disposed
towards the business prospects of the coast,
when taken in connection with the admirable
fire departments and climatic and general in-
ducements. Upon locating in Los Angeles he
established, in 1884, the Stearns Manufacturing-
Company, which was disposed of in 1895 to the
Lacy Manufacturing Company, on North Main
street. His success proved in a measure a
duplicate of that experienced in Michigan, and
his mills and steam engines found a ready sale
along the coast as w^ell as inland. Another
plant, established about the same time and later
disposed of to his son, was the machine manu-
facturing concern that turned out the first steam
engine and the first steam pump in Los Angeles.
They also made and put in the first machinery
for ironing shirts and collars in the city, and
which is now used by the Excelsior laundry.

Having disposed of his former two interests in
189s, Mr. Stearns bought and built his present
place of business at No. 1200 North Main
street. This enterprise now constitutes the larg-
est furniture manufactory in the city, and the
plant consists of two buildings, one two stories
in height, 36x85 feet in ground dimensions,
and one 50x85 feet in ground surface. Furni-
ture of all kinds is turned out of the factory,
and a high grade of work is maintained in all
of the departments.

At Eagle, Wis., Mr. Stearns married Mary
Snyder, who was born in Cattaraugus, N. Y.,
and died in Whitewater, Wis. Of this union
there were three children: Frank, who is in
the machine shop in Los Angeles; Charles, who
died in this city; and Augustus, who is a fruit
shipper at Redlands and Highlands. A second
marriage was contracted by Mr. Stearns in
Cedar Falls, Iowa, the present Mrs. Stearns be-
ing Angeline Snyder, a sister of his first wife,
and also a native of New York state. To Mr.
and Mrs. Stearns have been born two children,
Bert, who is a traveling salesman in San Fran-
cisco, and Will, who is a practicing physician
in Dupuyer, Mont., and is a graduate of the
Los Angeles Medical College. Mr. Stearns is
pronouncedly public spirited, and is of practical
assistance in furthering any plan of improve-
ment in the city. He is a member of the Mer-
chants and Manufacturers Association, and has
lent the weight of his influence in furthering the
undertakings of the Republican party. In the
latter capacity he has been active in the county
central committee, and during 1886-7 was a
member of the city council. Fraternally he is
associated with the Masons, having joined that
organization in Cedar Falls, Iowa, in which
town he was raised to the Royal Arch Masons
and the Commandery. He is also affiliated with
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, with
Bartlett Logan Post, G. A. R., and has also
been vice-commander of Kennesaw Post. Mr.
Stearns enjoys a standing in the community
commensurate with his splendid financial ability,
his sterling general worth and unblemished in-
tegrity. Of such are the bulwarks of any com-
monwealth composed, and to men of like cal-
ibre will appreciation and gratitude be ever
forthcoming.

JOHN BRENNAN. That the successful ho-
tel man is "born and not made" was proved by
the career of John Brennan, one of the most ca-
pable in his line in the country. Identified for
several years with the hotel business in South-
ern California, he is particularly remembered
as the proprietor of the Hoffman House, in Los
Angeles, which, under his wise and efficient man-
agement, developed into one of the most popu-
lar and paying hostelries in the southern part
of the state. From his youth up he made a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

799

study of entertaining the traveling public, and
based his operations upon a wide knowledge of
human nature, ready tact, and the aid of a
pleasing and genial personality. Everyone who
came to his hotels, whether in the east or west,
left with the rooted intention of coming again,
which means without specification that the in-
ternal and external man were \\*ell cared for.

A native of Peterboro, Canada, j\Ir. Brennan
was born in 1849, ^^^ received his education in
the pubUc schools of his northern country. He
never had any intention of engaging in other
than the hotel business, and his first indepen-
dent venture was conducted in Painesville, Ohio,
in connection with the Cowles House. He later
went to Cleveland, Ohio, and was proprietor of
the Empress House, which establishment had
an era of prosperity until relinquished by him
at the end of five years. In Los Angeles he
purchased the Hoffman House, as heretofore
stated, and in 1893 returned east to Cleveland
and ran the Oxford House, which was disposed
of in 1895. Cherishing memories altogether de-
lightful of his residence in California, he fol-
lowed the example of most who come under the
influence of her manifold charms and returned
west. With hopes of a continued residence on
the western slope of the country he purchased
the New Morris Hotel of Santa Barbara, and
was just located and ready for business when,
on account of the failure in business of the pro-
prietor of the Oxford House in Cleveland, he
was obliged to relinquish his desire to live in
the west, and returned to the scene of his pre-
vious efiforts in Cleveland. While in the prime
of life, at the age of forty-six, he died in De-
troit, Mich., in 1895, his demise being occa-
sioned by a cold. He left many warm and ad-
miring friends, who appreciated the noble traits
of his character, and who sadly missed him
from his accustomed haunts. . He was truly
a man of many gifts, not the least of which was
a large heart and a well-directed sympathy with
all who struggle with the trials and vicissitudes
of life.

Mrs. Brennan, who occupies a prominent
place among the hotel managers of Santa Bar-
bara, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., and is a daugh-
ter of Timothy Callahan, for many years con-
nected with the large grain firms of BufTalo,
and subsequently a clerk in the surrogate court.
The mother, Mary (Hughes) Callahan, who died
in Buffalo, had thirteen children, eight of whom
attained maturity, and five are now living, Mrs.
Brennan and her brother, Cornelius, being the
only ones in California. Mrs. Brennan has
demonstrated her ability to carry on the work
of her husband, and has been especially suc-
cessful since going into partnership with her
brother in the management and ownership of
the New Morris and the Mascarel. These ho-
tels are being conducted in a most satisfactory

and up-to-date manner, and with every regard
for the comfort and convenience of the many
guests who return again and again to avail
themselves of the pleasant associations here to
be met with. Like her husband, Mrs. Brennan
is a Republican in politics. She has many
friends among those whom she has met in a
business and social way, and is one of the neces-
sary adjuncts of hotel and social life in Santa
Barbara.

A. MARIA McDOUGALL CONGDON,
M. D. It is doubtful if any medical practitioner
in Los Angeles county has achieved such pro-
nounced success in the treatment of pulmonary
troubles as has Dr. Maria McDougall Congdon,
\\'ho makes a specialty of research tending to
the amelioration of this universally dreaded
human disorder. Cases considered practically
hopeless have been restored to normal condi-
tions under her efficacious treatment, and the
growing confidence in her ability has brought
her an extended patronage and a reputation by
no means local in its reach.

A native of Allegany county, N. Y., Dr. Cong-
don was born in Clarksville, and comes of a
family first represented in America by the pa-
ternal great-grandfather, who emigrated from
Scotland, and settled in Vermont. There the
paternal grandfather, another James, was born,
and thence in later life removed to Saratoga
county, N. Y., where the third James, the father
of Dr. Congdon, was born. The father was a
farmer in Nev/ York state, near Clarksville,
who had the good fortune to strike the first oil
and gas well in Allegany county on his property.
He died at the age of forty-nine years. His
wife was formerly Hannah Maxson, a native of
Madison county, N. Y.. and of Scotch descent.
Mrs. Congdon was the mother of one son and
two daughters. Of these Dr. Congdon is the
youngest; Trivilla is the widow of J. F. Zimmer-
man, of Clarksville ; and Marcellus C. is living in
Cuba, N. Y.

Dr. Congdon received her professional train-
ing in the medical department of the Univer-
sity of Buffalo, from which she was graduated
in 1892, thereafter engaging in practice in Cuba,
X. Y., eight miles from the place of her birth.
Her efforts were crowned with success, and she
worked up a large practice. The constant strain
of responsibility so told upon her general health
ihat at the end of four years and a half she was
obliged to seek a change of climate and sur-
roundings, and therefore located in Pasadena.
This city, rich in the possession of women of
talent and diverse accomplishments, has wel-
comed the professional acumen and high stand-
ards of Dr. Congdon, whose sympathy with hu-
man suffering has led to so thorough an under-
standing of the diseases of women, as well as
of pulmonary disorders.

800

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Dr. Congdon is a member of the Pasadena
Medical Society, and is medical examiner for
the Knights of the Maccabees, the Live Oak
Circle, Women of Woodcraft and the Fraternal
Aid. She is a Republican in political affiliation,
and is a stanch believer in temperance, whether
viewed from the standpoint of intoxicants or of
general living. Her son, Roscoe Paul Cong-
don, was admitted to the California bar April
lo, 1900, and is now one of the prominent young
attorneys of Pasadena, engaged principally in
probate and corporation law. In February,
1898, he married Grace Moore, of Olean, N. Y.,
and they have one daughter, Lucille.

ELIZA J. BEACH, M. D. The science of
homeopathy in Pasadena has no exponent more
painstaking and capable than Dr. Eliza J. Beach,
whose practice here began in the fall of 1887,
and has since continued uninterruptedly. Dr.
Beach was btjni in Knoxville, Tioga county.
Pa., a daughter of David, and granddaughter
of AN'illiam Beach, the latter a native of Wales.
The grandfather emigrated from Wales with his
brothers, Samuel and David, and settled in Con-
necticut, where his remaining days were spent.

David Beach, the father of Dr. Beach, was
born in Connecticut, and for several years lived
m Tompkins county, N. Y., removing afterward
to Tioga county. Pa., and later to Knoxville,
Pa., where his death occurred. He was a manu-
facturing cooper up to the time of his retire-
ment. His wife, formerly Anna Bull, was born
in Groton, Tompkins county, N. Y., a daughter
of James and Hannah (Shaw) Bull, natives of
Connecticut. The Bull family is of English
descent, and the paternal grandfather was the
emigrating ancestor. Mrs. Beach died in Knox-
ville, Pa., having reared a family of seven chil-
dren, five of whom are living, Dr. Beach being
the third. Three of the sons served in the Civil
war: \'ictor, a soldier in the Tenth New York
Infantry, died in Memphis, Tenn.; Oscar, a sol-
dier in Pope's Division, Ninth Pennsylvania
Regiment, died from exposure and starvation;
and Charles, a member of the Tenth New York
Volunteer Infantry, served for four years, and
through two enlistments, and now lives in Cat-
taraugus county, N. Y.

Dr. Beach was reared in Knoxville, Pa., and
was educated in the public schools and at Cow-
anesque Academy, after which she engaged in
educational work in Addison, N. Y., as princi-
pal of a public school. In 1863 she removed
to Leavenworth, Kans., and while there was one
of the organizers of the Home for the Friend-
less, for women and children. She was appoint-
ed matron in charge by the other ladies inter-
ested in the enterprise, and so successful was
her management that the place was enlarged
from a two-room shelter to a four-story brick
building on Fifth and Pine streets. This place

is still running, having been brought to a high
state of development by Dr. Beach, who, dur-
ing her seven years' association with the insti-
tution, became interested in medicine through
Dr. Eliza Knowles Morgan, the homeopathic
house physician. Having decided to devote her
life to medicine she entered the medical depart-
ment of the University of Michigan in 1869,
graduating therefrom in 1871. She then be-
came identified with the Dr. Rachel Gleason
Sanitarium, at Elmira, N. Y., and in 1871 began
to practice at Mansfield, Tioga county, Pa. In
1876 Dr. Beach entered the Homeopathic Med-
ical College at Cleveland, Ohio, and graduated
from that institution in 1877, later contmuing
her former practice in Mansfield for three years.
In Waverly, N. Y., she practiced until 1886,
during which year she came to Pasadena. Be-
ing pleased with the city, she returned to the
east and disposed of her interests there, the fall
of 1887 finding her again located in Pasadena,
where she bought a residence on \\'orcester ave-
nue. She engaged in practice in this town, and
although interested in general medicine and
surgery, she makes a specialty of rectal surgery
and the diseases of women. The Doctor has a
commodious residence and fine offices, and her
experience in the west has been that of the suc-
cessful, conscientious and gifted professional
woman.

In 1897 Dr. Beach returned to Cleveland and
took a post-graduate course at the old school,
and this represents but one of her constant ef-
forts to keep abreast of the advance in her great
calling. She is a member of the State Medical
Society, the Southern California Homeopathic
Medical Society, the Los Angeles County
Homeopathic Medical Society, the American
Institute of Homeopathy, and is foremost in
professional matters ni the city and county. Dr.
Beach is a member of the Shakspere Club,
and of the First Methodist Episcopal Church.
In political affiliation she is allied with the Re-
publican party.

STEPHEN G. BROOKS. By virtue of the
position which he occupies as agent for the
Southern Pacific Milling Company at Santa
Paula, Mr. Brooks is \vell known among the
people of \'entura county. He came to Cali-
fornia in September, 1888, from the historic
town of Concord, Mass., where he was born
and reared and where his early manhood years
were passed. In that city he married Mrs. Jane
Palmer, a native of Dover, Mass. Two chil-
dren were born of their union, namely: Walter
H., who lives in Greenwood, Cal., and Maisuna.
who is attending scliool in Los Angeles.

During the years from 1871 to 1888 Mr.
Brooks was in the employ of the American Ex-
press Company, but in the latter year he re-
signed his position in order to come to the Pa-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

cific coast. Arriving in California, he worked
for a year in the employ of the Los Angeles Ice
and Cold Storage Company at Los Angeles.
Later he secured employment in Santa Barbara,
and still later made his home in Ventura. In
September, 1890, he came to Santa Paula as
agent for the Southern Pacific Milling Coni-
pany, since which time he has had charge of
the company's business and has discharged his
manifold duties in a way highly satisfactory to
his employers.

While in the middle district of Los Angeles
county Mr. Brooks first became interested in
the oil industry. Included among his posses-
sions is some real estate in Los Angeles. Edu-
cational matters for the advancement of the
Santa Paula schools receive his thoughtful and
intelligent attention, in the capacity of secretary
of the high school board. Another local enter-
prise in which he is interested is the Santa
Paula Board of Trade, of which he is president.
An active worker in the Democratic party, he
is now a member of the county central commit-
tee and in 1900 served as chairman of the Dem-
ocratic convention at \'entura. Fraternally he
is connected with the Ancient Order of United
Workmen, and during his residence in Concord,
Mass., was active m the Royal Arcanum. He
is public-spirited and in the ranks of those who
are seeking to promote the welfare of the town
and county.

CAPT. ALBERT H. JOHNSON. The de-
velopment of a community depends not only
upon its advantages of climate and soil, but also
upon the character of its citizenship. Judged
by both of these standards, Monrovia bids fair
to attain prominence among the towns of South-
ern Cahfornia. Its soil is susceptible of high
cultivation, its climate is said by many to be
ideal, and its citizens as a class are enterpris-
ing and capable. One of the promoters of the
town is Captain Johnson, who dates his resi-
dence here from January 25, 1887. Since com-
ing here he has owned and developed a con-
siderable amount of land. His first house was
built on the present site of the Mills residence,
and later he erected the attractive abode which
he now occupies and which, with its pleasant
surroundings, forms a distinct addition to
Monrovia.

The boyhood days of Captain Johnson were
spent on a farm near Wethersfield, Wyoming
county, N. Y.. where he was born April 23.
1836. When he was twelve years of age. Iris
father, Orrin Johnson, took the family to Wis-
consin, where soon he began to bear his part in
the busy world of affairs. As a boy he worked
on the railroad, first in his home state, and later
in Illinois and Iowa. When the gold mines of
Colorado were attracting thousands he made
his first trip to the west, and from i860 to 1863

was employed in mining at Leadville. On his
return to Iowa, he enlisted at Fort Dodge in
the Seventh Iowa Cavalry, and accompanied his
regiment in its varied expeditions up to the
close of the war. From first sergeant he was
promoted to regimental commissary sergeant
and, in the spring of 1864, to the rank of cap-
tain. At the close of the war he returned to
the duties of a private citizen, resuming rail-
road work and taking contracts to furnish ties
and lumber with which to complete the Union
Pacific Railroad. Meantime he also bought and
sold real estate, also made a contract with the
Northern Pacific Railroad and was a manufac-
turer, also a dealer in butter, eggs and pouhry.

The work of a contractor proved congenial
and profitable, but Captain Johnson found that
the constant exposure to inclement weather
rapidly undermined his constitution, and he
therefore decided to seek California's equable
climate. A visit through much of the state in
1887 resulted in a growing conviction that
jMonrovia offered a climate surpassed by no
other location, and he accordingly established
his home here, a decision which he has never
had cause to regret. While living in Iowa he
was married, at Fort Dodge, to Miss Lavinia
Dwellie, by whom he had four children, namely:
Amy, Tillie and Sarah, who died in childhood;
and Alberta, a beautiful and accomplished
young lady, whose death in 1898 was a deep
and irreparable loss to her devoted parents and
many friends. Mrs. Johnson is a communicant
of the Episcopal Church and a contributor to
various movements of a religious and philan-
thropic nature, in which the captain also is in-
terested, being a man of benevolent spirit and
kind heart. Tlie days of his war service he
holds ill memory by his association with Stanton
Post No. 55, G. A. R., of which he is past com-
mander and an interested worker, while fra-
ternally he is associated with the Alasons and
has been raised to the degrees of Royal Arch,
Knight Templar, Scottish Rite and Shrine.

The principles of the Republican party re-
ceive the support of Captain Johnson, yet he is
less a partisan than a patriot, less a political
worker than a progressive, public-spirited
citizen. Feeling the keenest interest in the wel-
fare of Monrovia, he consented to serve in the
city council, which position has given him an
opportunity to further measures for local prog-
ress, particularly along the line of the de-
velopment of water facilities through his service
as chairman of the city water conmiittee. He
is known for his sound and careful judgment
in the council, which quality makes his sugges-
tions particularly valuable. Whatever progress
and prosperity Monrovia may enjoy in the
future may l)e attributed in no small degree to
the efficient and judicious labors of such citizens
as Captain Johnson.

804

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ALBERT BRIGDEN. From the time of ar-
riving in Southern CaHfornia in 1877 until his
death seventeen years later, Mr. Brigden made
his home at Lamanda Park, where, shortly af-
ter his arrival, he purchased from Charles Ellis
a tract of land, later selling a part to his brother-
in-law, J. F. Crank, but retaining one hundred
and tvventy acres. The land thus acquired had at
one time been owned by the widow of Gen. Al-
bert Sidney Johnston, of Confederate fame, and
she had erected thereon the first frame house in
that part of San Gabriel valley. In 1869 Judge
Eaton purchased the property and established
what is now called Fair Oaks vineyard. Two
years later Charles Ellis acquired a portion of
the large ranch, and he in turn sold to Mr.
Brigden, who built ditches and a reservoir, se-
cured ample water facilities from the Precipice
canon, and placed the land under cultivation.
At this writing there are thirty-five acres in the
finest varieties of oranges, five acres in lemons,
five in deciduous fruits, while the balance is in
a vineyard. Sun-ounding the land is a hedge
nearly fourteen feet high and eight feet across,
provided with three openings which secure en-
trance to the ranch.

In 1844 Mr. Brigden was born in Penn Yan,
N. Y., where his father, Timothy, was a manu-
facturer. His mother, who bore the maiden
name of Cornelia Dwight Hickox, was born in
Connecticut and was a relative of Timothy
Dwight, ex-president of Yale College. In 1864
he enlisted as sergeant in the Fifty-eighth New
York Infantry, which was assigned to duty in
guarding prisoners and escorting paroled de-
tachments to their point of exchange. At the
age of twenty-one he became a partner in his
father's business, and continued as such until
fire destroyed the works in 1872. He then went
to Chicago, where he was interested in a whole-
sale hardware business until 1876, the year of
his arrival in San Francisco. The following
year he settled on the ranch where his widow
now makes her home. Associated with several
gentlemen, in 1885 he incorporated the Sierra
Madre Vintage Company, of which he became
general manager and vice-president. During
the same year a winery was built at Lamanda
Park, which was afterward under the supervi-
sion of Mr. Brigden. From time to time its
capacity has been increased, until it now dis-
poses of two thousand tons of grapes during the
season, these grapes being furnished principally
from the Highland vineyards of Mr. Brigden.

During the time that he made his home at
Lamanda Park no enterprise was inaugurated
for its benefit which failed of his encouraging
aid. Public-spirited to the point of self-sacri-
fice, he neglected nothing that would develop
this region and render it one of the most beau-
tiful sprts of the country. In 1885 he assisted
in incorporating the San Gabriel Yalley Rail-

road, and became a director of the same. The
opening up of this locality to settlement was
due in large measure to this road, which has
since been merged into the Santa Fe system.
He was a member of the Los Angeles Chamber
of Commerce and the Union League, and in
politics voted with the Republican party. His
death occurred October 8, 1894, being the result
of an explosion at Lamanda Park. To the many
friends and associates of his busy years the
news came with all the force of a sudden and
unexpected bereavement and called forth many
tributes of praise for his manly character, up-
right life and generous dealings with his fellow-
men.

The marriage of Mr. Brigden occurred at
Penn Yan, N. Y., June 27, 1882, and united
him with Miss Plelen L. Whitaker, who was
born near Geneva, that state, and by whom he
had two children, Louise C. and Timothy
Dwight Brigden. The Whitakers are of Eng-
lish descent and early settlers of New Jersey.
The great-grandfather of Airs. Brigden was a
Revolutionary soldier. The grandfather, Jona-
than Whitaker, organized the first Presbyterian
congregation in Yates county, N. Y., and long
officiated as its elder; by occupation he was a
farmer. The father, Gen. Alexander Finley
Whitaker, was born near Geneva, N. Y., and
engaged in the manufacture of agricultural im-
plements at Penn Yan, but, after being burned
out in 1872, he retired from business cares.
His last years were spent in California, in the
home of j\Irs. Brigden, but he died in New
York while visiting old friends and relatives.
The title by which he was known was given to
him during his service in the New York state
militia, where he held the rank of major-general.
In religious views he was a Presbyterian. His
two children, Mrs. Brigden, of Lamanda Park,
and Melville Torrance Whitaker, of Los An-
geles, were born of his union with Louise Phelps
Torrance, who was born in Avon, N. Y., and
died at Lamanda Park in 1900. Her father,
Richard Torrance, was a native of Connecticut,
and her grandfather was a commissioned officer
in the Revolution and one of the most con-
spicuous figures in that historic conflict.

WILLIAM G. BENEDICT. Few men in
Southern California have managed larger or
more important real-estate transactions than has
William G. Benedict, one of the honored busi-
ness men of Pasadena. From an English-
Quaker ancestry Mr. Benedict inherits the
strengtli of character and high moral principle
\vhich have been of such inestimable value to
him in fashioning his successful career. His
youth, spent on the paternal farm near Carding-
ton, Morrow count\-, Ohio, contained all of tlu-
hardships experienced by the average farm-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

reared boy, and his opportunities were those of
his own making. He was born January lo,
1833, and attended the httle log schoolhouse in
the vicinity of his home, sitting on the slab
seats and poring over the rule of three at the
crudely constructed desks.

Sylvester Benedict, the father of William G.,
was born near Lake Champlain, N. Y., the pa-
ternal grandfather, Cyrus, being also a native
of New York, and an early settler of Ohio. Syl-
vester located on a farm in iMorrow county,
Ohio, where he lived for many years, and where
his death occurred. He married Susannah
Shaw, born near Lake Champlain, N. Y., a
daughter of Jonathan Shaw, who settled on
Shaw Creek, Delaware (now Morrow) county.
The very first pioneers of this region ivere the
Shaws and Benedicts, and the families under-
went many hardships and deprivations while
tilling their land and rearing their children.
Three Benedict brothers married three Shaw
sisters. They built their own log cabins and
made their own clothes, and the Benedicts
cleared one hundred and twenty acres. Of their
four sons and three daughters, William G. is
the only survivor, although a half brother, T. J.
Grisell, lives in Gallon, Ohio, but will soon come
to Pasadena.

In 1856 William G. Benedict left the familiar
surroundings in Ohio and located in Marshall
county, Iowa, near Legrand. This region
proved a most satisfactory place of abode, and
he became prominent and useful in the commu-
nity. He found employment in buying, improv-
ing and selling lands, in manufacturing and
milling, and all that he touched seemed to suc-
ceed and yield abundantly. He also bought and
sold stock in large numbers, shipping thousands
of head to the Chicago markets. They at one
time purchased a thousand head of cattle in
Montana, which they shipped to Chicago. In
connection with his Montana stock he also en-
gaged to some extent in mining, but owing to
the disadvantage of not being on the premises
he failed to realize his expectations. During his
six years' residence in Marshalltown he was a
member of the board of supervisors uninter-
ruptedly, and resigned the position only upon
his removal to Pasadena in 1887.

Among the subdivisions developed and laid
out by Mr. Benedict in Los Angeles county may
be mentioned the L. II. Michner subdivision.
in which he owns a half interest; the William G.
Benedict & Company subdivision: the Benedict
& Son subdivision; the Chamberlain subdivision
on Woodbury Road; three subdivisions east of
Pasadena; the \\'illiam G. Benedict subdivision
of the Halliday tract, Santa Ana: and he owned
an interest in the Palmer tract. The real-estate
business is conducted under the firm name of
William G. Benedict & S<iji. Tlu-y own an
orange ranch of twelve acres on the MarengM

tract, South Pasadena. At the collapse of the
boom in 1887 Mr. Benedict lost heavily.

In Legrand, Iowa, Mr. Benedict married Cor-
delia A. Youngs, a native of Miami county, near
the town of Troy, Ohio. Of this union there
have been born four children, viz. : Wilfred W.,
who is the partner of his father; Susie, who died
at the age of eighteen; May, the wife of B. B.
liinman, of Chicago; and Charles V., traveling
inspector for the Pasadena Electric Railroad.
Mr. Benedict was an abolitionist during war
days and is now a Republican. He is a well-
informed, genial and popular gentleman, and has
many stanch friends in the city of which he Is
one of the most enthusiastic up'builders.

GRANVILLE SPURGEON. As one of the
earliest settlers of Santa Ana, Granville
Spurgeon was intimately associated with the de-
velopment of its business interests. Coming
here in 1870, he joined his brother, William H.,
the founder of the town, and whose arrival pre-
ceded his own by two years. For many years
afterward the brothers were partners in a
mercantile establislnnent, which they conducted
successfully and which subsequently was sold
to Beatty Brothers, but is now owned by the
firm of Crookshank & Son. Another enter-
prise in which Granville Spurgeon engaged was
tlie lire insurance business, also as a produce
merchant, but these he also sold out to other
parties. Of later years he devoted himself es-
pecially to the development of one hundred
acres of peat lands, on which can be raised the
finest celery in California. Of this he sold a
part, still retaining fifty acres.

The Spurgeon family originated in England
and on coming to America settled in Virginia,
whence Mr. Spurgeon's grandfather .removed to
Bourbon county, Ky., during the days of Daniel
Boone and other pioneers. Granville Spurgeon,
Sr.. was born and reared in Bourbon county,
and there married Lovina Sibley, a native of
Prince Edward county. Va.. and a direct de-
scendant of an influential English family. In
1830 Granville and Lovina Spurgeon moved to
Columbus. Ind., and settled 011 a farm, but
ten years later made another change of loca-
tion, going to Clark county, Mo. .\fter some
years on a farm there they settled in Alex-
andria, Mo., where the father was an active
business man and held some local offices of
trust. While the family were visiting at the
old home near Louisville, Ky., Granville
Spurgeon, Jr., was born August n), 1843. I"
1849 the father came overland to California and
for eighteen months engaged in mining, after
which he returned to Missouri and in 1855
bought a farm. Some few years were spent on
that place, but in 1864 he and his family sought
a iK-rmaiunt home in California, sjjcnding five
months on the road and settling in Solano

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

county. There both parents passed away, the
father surviving the mother and dying at fifty-
seven years of age.

About 1866 Benjannn and Granville bpur-
o-eon accompanied by a sister, moved to Wat-
sonvi'lle Cal. One year later, in November,
1867, these two brothers, with W. H., settled
in Los Angeles county and took up govern-
ment land between Compton and Los Angeles.
The next year W. H. went to Santa Ana, but
Granville remained on the farm until his
brother, Benjamin, died in 1870, when he
joined his remaining brother in Santa Ana.
He therefore was one of the oldest residents
of this city at the time of his death, which oc-
curred August 7, 1901- During the long
period of his connection with the city, he main-
tained a high standing as a citizen and a friend.

WILLIAM ALLEN. After a busy mercan-
tile career in Egypt, Mr. Allen came to the
United States, and, selecting what he believed
to be one of the fairest spots in any country,
established his home at Lamanda Park. At the
time of its purchase by him the ranch, now
known as Sphinx, consisted of five hundred and
two acres, but the estate has since been reduced
to four hundred and forty acres, the whole of
which has been managed since his death by his
widow and children. About twenty-six acres
are under cultivation to citrus fruits, mostly
oranges. A vineyard of over two hundred
acres, set out in 1872, 1882 and 1885, furnishes
an abundance of grapes of the Mission, Zmfan-
del, Blue Elbe and Berger varieties, as many as
six hundred tons being used in one season in
the winery on the ranch.

A native of Liverpool, England, William
Allen early acquired a thorough knowledge of
mercantile pursuits through the instruction of
his father, Joseph Allen, who was a prosperous
cotton merchant of that city. When a young
man he went to Egypt, settling at Alexandria,
where he engaged in exporting cotton to vari-
ous European markets. His energy and shrewd
business methods brought him an early financial
success, and while he was still young he was
able to retire from active cares, returning in
1864 to England and establishing a country
home at Bath, Somerset. His first visit to Cali-
fornia was made in 1878, when he was so pleased
with the climate and prospects that he bought
the ranch Sphinx. Returning to England, he
brought his family back the following year, and
about the same time erected for them a commo-
dious rural residence. From the time of his re-
moval to California until his death, which oc-
curred July 21, 1886, he was busily engaged in
undertakings calculated to develop his property
and also to advance neighborhood values.

.'\t Alexandria, Egyiit, in 1859, occurred the
marriage of Mr. Allen and Miss Emily J. Bell,

whose father, a Londoner by birth, became one
of the early cotton merchants of that famous
Egyptian city. Her mother, Hester L., was
born on the Isle of ]\Ialta, where her father,
John David, was at the time serving as general
commissariat. The David family was of Welsh
extraction. Of the union of Mr. Allen and Miss
Bell nine children were born, namely: Annie,
at home; Arthur, a cattleman at Payson, Ariz.;
Harold, who is executor of his father's estate;
Walter, manager of the home ranch; Edith,
Mrs. Bowring, of Charter Oak, Cal; Hubert,
who carries on a cattle business at Payson,
Ariz.; Sidney, an orchardist in Lindsay, Tulare
county; Percy, who is engaged in horticultural
pursuits at Covina; and Bernard, who resides
on the home ranch at Lamanda Park. The fam-
ily attend the Episcopal Church at San Gabriel
and contribute to its various benevolences.
Throughout the vicinity where they have so
long resided their friends are as numerous as
their acquaintances. Not only by reason of her
hospitality and social qualities, but also on ac-
count of her executive ability, Mrs. Allen has
won a high place in the respect of associates.
With the able assistance of her sons, she has
maintained a high standard of improvements at
the homestead and has constantly added to its
value by such changes as suggest themselves to
an intelligent vineyardist of the present day.

PERRY P. BONHAM. Since the spring of
1886 Mr. Bonham has been identified with the
business interests of Pasadena. He was born in
New York City December 13, 1857, being the
third among the five children of Perry and
Marie Bonham, the former a furniture dealer in
the metropolis. The family possessing suffi-
cient means to educate their children and train
them for life's responsibilities, the son who was
his father's namesake attended local schools in
boyhood, but, being of an ambitious nature, he
early developed a desire to learn a trade, and
accordingly when fifteen was apprenticed to the
plumbing business, at which he served for four
years. The year 1885 found him in Chicago, and
the next year he settled in Pasadena, where he
worked on the old Raymond Hotel, and then
took charge of the plumbing department of the
Pasadena Hardware Company, in which capac-
ity he did the first plumbing in Pasadena.

Believing that the city offered an excellent
field for independent work, Mr. Bonham en-
tered business for himself in 1889. and for some
years was located at No. 19 East Colorado
street, but later bought the property at Nos.
45-47 West Colorado, where he erected a suita-
ble business structure. Among the contracts
which he filled were those for the Painter Hotel
of Pasadena, Westminster Hotel in Los An-
geles, .Stimson and Newmark buildings in Los
Angeles, State Normal building of Los Angeles,

ff^,^^.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Pomona College building at Claremont, the
Schaffer block in San Diego, Green Hotel, Car-
rollton block, and many public buildings and
residences in Pasadena. By many he is con-
sidered to be the finest plumber in the state,
and on all hands it is conceded that his work has
borne the test of time and has proved in every
respect reliable and as guaranteed. In 1900 he
sold out his business, since which he has
given his attention to managing his real-estate
holdings. He erected and now owns the Bon-
ham apartment house, containing seven apart-
ments, and situated on Walnut and Raymond
avenue. The block which he erected on West
Colorado has since been sold. The residence
which he built at No. 460 North Marengo ave-
nue is presided over by his wife, who was for-
merly Miss Fannie Johnson, and was born in
New York City. They have one child. The
family attend the Episcopal Church and Mrs.
Bonham is a member of the same.

While voting with the Republican party in na-
tional elections, Mr. Bonham believes that local
elections should not be based upon the belief
of the candidate regarding tariff, currency, im-
perialism, etc., but rather upon his fitness for the
work and his standing as a citizen, hence he
votes independently for all local offices. At this
writing he is a member of the board of police,
fire and park commissioners of Pasadena.

J. P. TROTTER. During the years of his
residence in California Mr. Trotter has been
identified with various activities in Ventura
county, and for some years past has made his
home in the village of Fillmore. He came here
in 1891 from Carroll county. Mo., where he
was born November 30, 1859. His father,
Hamilton Trotter, who was a merchant and
leading citizen of Carrollton, gave him good
educational advantages and trained him for the
responsibilities of the future. This training,
combined with his natural intelligence and
practical experience, has made him a thorough-
going business man.

For eight years, beginning in 1881, Mr.
Trotter engaged in the stock business in Mon-
tana, principally in Gallatin county. From
there he returned to his native county, and
spent three years, still carrying on a general
stock business. However, impaired health ne-
cessitated a removal, and, in search of a more
healthful location, he came to California, where
he has not been disappointed in the hoped-for
restoration of his health. In 1891 he bought a
stock ranch at Pole canon, in the vicinity of
Fillmore, and on that place he made his home
for five years, meantime engaging in the raising
of horses and cattle. On moving into Fillmore,
he bought out the firm of Lineberger & Pyle,
and since that time has conducted a livery and
sales stable. Besides his barn, he owns several

cottages in the village. To him belongs the
credit for the present improved state of the
town. A tireless worker in behalf of the village,
he has sought by all means within his power
to promote the local activities.

October 25, 1888, Mr. Trotter married Miss
Emma Paris, who was born in Carroll county,
Mo., and accompanied her husband to Califor-
nia in January, i8qi. During 1898 she returned
to Missouri to visit her mother, and died at her
old home on the last day of July.

The nominees of the Republican party re-
ceive Mr. Trotter's vote, and he is quite active
in the politics of his county. In the fall of
1899 he was elected justice of the peace and
afterward served efficiently in the position until
he resigned, March 7, 1902. All movements
for the general welfare receive his support and
warm sympathy. Thougfh he is a verv busy
man, having in addition to the business already
named a meat business that is important and
large, he yet finds time to work in the interests
of local beneficial movements, and no citizen
of Fillmore is more public-spirited than he.

TOHN RANSOM BRAGDON. From a
Welsh ancestry variously represented in the
church and among the more intellectual, occu-
pations, John Ransom Bragdon inherits a ca-
pacity for painstaking effort at once consistent
with material prosperitv and a hieh order of
citizenship. As manasrer for the Pasadena
Electric Lieht & Power Companv he occupies
a substantial position in the business world of
his adopted city, his nse to his present respon-
sibility being expressive of a thorough mastery
of the business. Of Pilgrim stock, he was born
in Boston, Mass., August 31, -187S. a son of
Prof. C. C. Bragdon, and grandson of Rev.
Braedon. a clergyman in the Methodist Episco-
pal Church.

Prof. C. C. Bragdon was born in Portland.
Ale., and is a gr-'duate of 'he Northwestern TTni-
versity at Evanston, 111. As n snh'ipr -n -n ^'l^
nois regiment he served the cause of the Union
during the Civil war, and for thirtv years was
connected with the La Salle Seminarv, at Au-
bnrndale, Mass., first as principal, and ,latpr as
proprietor. As an educator he has taken high
rank among the most capable in the country,
,^nd, unlike many who follow a simi'ar calling,
has amassed a competence. Of late vears he
has been identified with interests in California,
and is one of the laree stockholders of th« Edi-
son Electric Light Companv of Los Angples.
At the present time hp is building- a pa'atial
home on the corner of Madison and East Colo-
rado street, Pasadena, and will soon be installed
in his new nuarters. He married Kate Ransom,
a native of Williamsport, Pa., and danor^t^r of
John Ransom, a large land owner in Pennsyl-

810

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

vania, and a lumberman on the Susquehanna
river. Mrs. Bragdon was educated at the Dick-
erson Seminary, and is the mother of two chil-
dren.

John Ransom Bragdon was educated m the
Boston public schools, at Allen's private school,
and at Williams College, which he entered in
1894, and from which he was graduated in 1898,
with the degree of A. B. For the following six
months he was private secretary to his father,
and in January, 1899, came to California in the
employ" of the Edison Electric Light Company,
of Los Angeles. From the humble position of
telephone boy and messenger he worked his
way into the bookkeeping department, later be-
coming assistant cashier. May i, 1900, he was
appointed cashier, and July i, 1901, was made
manager of the Pasad"ena Electric Light &
Power Company, a branch of the Edison Com-
pany's plant. Although a comparatively new-
comer to this city, he has already made his influ-
ence felt in various departments of its activity,
and his faith in its future, and his own desire to
participate therein, are best evinced by his pur-
chase of property upon which a residence is in
process of erection. He is a member of the
Board of Trade, and is fraternally connected
with the Delta Kappa Epsilon. In political af-
filiatiom he is identified with the Republican
party, and as a member of All Souls Episcopal
Church is secretary of the vestry. Mrs. Brag-
don was Sarah Coleman, a native of Lake
county, Cal., and daughter of Theodore Cole-
man, manager of Throop Polytechnic Institute.

after the completion of which he continued to
reside in the city and did such carpenter work
as came his way. In 1888 he removed to To-
ronto in the hope of improving his prospects,
and the same year crossed the lake to Buffalo,
N. Y., where he worked at his trade for a short
time. Upon removing to California in 1889
he worked for three years in San Francisco, and
during a portion of that time was foreman for
a firm in Oakland. After locating in Pasadena
in 1892 he was for a time employed by Mr.
Slaven, eventually becoming foreman for that
gentleman, and remaining with him until em-
barking on an independent building business in
1898. For a year he continued a partnership
with Mr. Stoli, but after the removal of the
latter-named member of the firm he managed
the business alone. Among the residences
which reflect special credit upon Mr. McCutch-
eon may be mentioned that of Mr. Christy, and
the Wildes, Dr. Groff and \'edder residences,
of Pasadena; the Fred Armstrong and Mrs.
Girouar residences of Altadena; and the Mar-
tin Chase residence at Riverside, the most im-
posing and beautiful in the town.

The wife of Mr. ]\IcCutcheon was formerly
Elizabeth Bonham, born in Pittsburg, Pa., and
a sister of P. P. Bonham, of Pasadena. Mr.
and Mrs. McCutcheon are members of the Pres-
byterian Church, and are well known in the
social life of this beautiful citv.

JOSEPH EDWARD McCUTCHEON.
Among the many capable builders who have
found business opportunities in Pasadena, none
has more surely won the public confidence than
Joseph Edward McCutcheon, erecter of many
"of the finest residences in this city, and one
of its most honored and respected citizens. Of
sturdy Scotch ancestry, Mr. McCutcheon was
born in Lindsay, Victoria county, Ontario, April
6, 1866, his paternal grandfather, Samuel, hav-
ing settled in that region in the early '40s. He
was a farmer by occupation, as was also his
son, Sa'uuel, the' father of Joseph Edward, who
was born, lived, and eventually died, in Lindsay,
Ontario. The younger Samuel married Mary
]\IcCarroll, a native of Peterboro, Canada, and
daughter of James McCarroll, born in the north
of Ireland and of Scotch descent. Six children
were born of this union, two of whom are liv-
ing, Joseph Edward being the youngest and the
only' one in California. In his youth he had
few educational advantages, for the family for-
tunes were not large, and it became necessary
for him to assist in the general maintenance.

When seventeen years of age he was appren-
ticed to a carpenter in Lindsay for three years,

GEORGE B. ADAMS was born in Syracuse,
N, Y., September 5, 1826, and there he lived
with his parents, Zophar H. Adams and Lucy
(Barnes) Adams, until the age of seventeen
years, when he moved to Elgin, 111. There for
several years he was employed in one of the
village stores, but at the age of twenty-three he
began business for himself. His first venture
was the grocery business, but after a few years
he purchased a stock of watches and jewelry
and steadily increased this business until he
moved to the Pacific coast.

April 18, 1850, Mr. .^dams married Ellen M.
Truesdell, daughter of Burgess Truesdell and
Maria L. (Gale) Truesdell, and four children,
Florence, Claude, Alice and Gertrude, were
born to them. Florence and Gertrude died be-
fore their father. His wife, son and daughter
Alice were with him at the time of his death,
April 10, 1900, at .\lhambra, Cal. Throughout
his life he was an earnest Christian. He was
reared in the Episcopal Church, but when about
twenty-three he joined the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and continued an active member, hav-
ing been steward and tr,istee for fifty years.

The National Watch Factory at Elgin was
the making of that city, and to Mr. .\dams, more
than to any other, is due the credit of locating
the factory there. Rival towns were making
most strenuous efforts to secure the industrv,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

811

but through his tact and unceasing energy the
little city offered liberal inducements to the
watch company, and at last, after suppressing
an entire edition of the Elgin Gazette, which
contained a premature hint which, it was feared,
would alarm the rivals and cause them to re-
double their endeavors, success crowned his ef-
forts. The first watch made in the Elgin fac-
tory was given to the president of the company,
but the second was presented to Mr. Adams, in
recognition of his services, and was carried by
him to the day of his death.

In 1876 Mr. Adams moved with his family to
California and became one of the earliest set-
tlers of what was then known as the Alhambra
Tract, near the famous San Gabriel Mission.
Here again he showed the same public spirit
which animated him in Elgin, and by continual
and thoughtful effort the town of Alhambra was
established and developed, and it was his pleas-
ure to live to be known as the "father" of Al-
hambra. Here he was largely interested in fruit
culture and was identified with the beginnings
of that great industry of California.

But above all the achievements which mark
the course of his life stand pre-eminent the self-
forgetfulness and self-sacrifice he continually ex-
ercised to benefit those about him, not only
Lhose bound to him by ties of relationship, but
friends, neighbors and the communities in which
he lived. Always ready to help the needy, to
comfort the depressed, to counsel and uplift
the discouraged, to lay aside his own tasks and
give his best efforts to accomplish and sustain
every wise movement for the benefit of his
neighbors and townspeople, such a life needs
no epitaph or monument, for it is graven in
ever-living symbols upon the loving hearts of
those who knew him.

D. W. MARCH. Although a resident of Pas-
adena only since 1900, Mr. March has for many
years been connected with building interests
here and in different parts of Los Angeles
county. Upon removing to the state in 1886
he spent the first winter in Monrovia, and in
September of 1887 settled in Los Angeles,
where he engaged in building and contracting
for two years. In 1889 he removed to Alham-
bra, where he became well known as a skillful
builder, and erected the bank building and sev-
eral fine residences. He also built himself a
home in the town, and had a little ranch of two
acres set out in oranges. With Alhambra as a
headquarters, Mr. March extended his activities
to many towns in the county, and has structures
of various kinds to his credit in Redlands, Long
Beach, Whittier, Monrovia, and other points.
He erected the H. N. Sherman residence at
Orange, and at Pasadena has built the resi-
liences of J. F. Kerr and H. D. West, the United
Presbyterian Church, the Goodrich block, the

Garibaldi building, the Whittier house, the Odd
Fellows' Hall, besides many other public and
private buildings.

A native of Columbiana county, Ohio, Mr.
March was born April 9, 1850, and was reared
on the paternal farm, upon which his father,
Philip, settled in 1810, and upon which he died
at the age of sixty-four years. Philip March
was born in the Shenandoah valley, in Virginia,
and was of Scotch-English descent. His father
was an early settler in Virginia, and died in the
war of 18 1 2. The mother "of D. W. March was
formerly Sarah Gilmore, a native of Pittsburg,
Pa., and whose grandfather, William, came from
Scotland and bought a farm which is now the
site of the central part of Pittsburg. Mrs.
March, who died in Columbiana county, was the
mother of nine children, of whom two daughters
and six sons attained maturity, and three sons
are now living, D. W. being the only one in
California. Two of the sons, Henry Clay and
William Gilmore, served during the Civil war
in the One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Infan-
try, and both died in Ohio.

When fifteen years of age D. W. March left
the home farm and district school, and appren-
ticed as a carpenter in Pittsburg for three and
a half years. He subsequently followed his trade
in Pittsburg, and while there married Josephine
G. Henry, a native of the town, and to whom
has been born one son, James Nelson, a plumber
of Pasadena. Some time after his marriage Mr.
March returned to Ohio and settled at Marys-
ville. Union county, where he built many resi-
dences and blocks, and w^here he was a mem-
ber of the school board. From Ohio he came
to California, as heretofore stated, and has since
made his influence feU in building and general
affairs. He is a Republican in national politics,
and is a charter member of the Alhambra Lodge,
F. & A. M., a member of the Knights of Pythias,
and the Eastern Star. Mr. March is connected
with the Presbyterian Church, in which he has
been superintendent of the Sunday-school; and
he is a member of the Ohio Society.

J. E. MORGAN. Arriving in Los Angeles
for the first time in 1875, Mr. Morgan found an
tmimportant town, contrasting strangely with
the present western metropolis. Few business
opportunities awaited men in those days, and,
the outlook being discouraging, he went in the
spring to San Diego county, where he started
an apiary at Fall Brook and for nine years car-
ried on a successful business in that line.
P'inally, however, disaster came, a flood almost
totally destroying his entire industry, and so
in 1884 he returned to Los Angeles, and secured
employment with his brother, who had started
tlie Highland water works. In 1889 he became
interested in the raising of nursery stock and
;it the same time began to raise oranges and

812

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

lemons, establishing his home in Los Angeles.
The Sycamore Grove nurseries, of which he is
proprietor, are located at No. 4584 Pasadena
avenue. At this writing he makes a specialty
of ornamental trees, shrubs, olives and green-
house plants, and from his tract of three and
one-half acres in Arroyo Seco he makes ship-
ments of nursery stock to all parts of the state
and to the east.

Tradition has it that three brothers bearing
the name of Morgan crossed the ocean together
from South Wales, one of whom settled in New
England, another in New York and the third
in Virginia. -The father of J. E. Morgan was
George, who was born in New Hampshire in
1798, and in youth learned the saddler's trade.
For a time he lived in Oswego county, N. Y.,
and then in Jefferson county, the same state,
where his son, J. E., was born April 20, 1833.
In 1845 he took the family to Fox Lake, Dodge
county. Wis., where he remained until death.
His wife, Eleanor (Evans) Morgan, was born
in Vermont in 1808, of Welsh descent, and died
in California. They were the parents of twelve
children, all of whom attained mature years.
Three sons served in the Civil war. One of
these, Charles E., who enlisted from Oberlin
College, served as captain of his company; he
died at Greenville, Miss., a few years ago. An-
other son, A. T., who enlisted from Wisconsin,
received from Lincoln a commission as brevet-
major and lieutenant-colonel, and served as pro-
vost-marshal under General Cutler. Three times
he received very serious wounds and each time
he was reported among the killed. His regi-
ment was in the thickest of many battles and
suffered heavy losses, entering with one thou-
sand and one men, and numbering, when mus-
tered out, less than one hundred. He is now a
resident of Montana, where he is engaged in
mining. The third soldier son, W. A., enlisted
in the Fiftieth Wisconsin Infantry and served as
lieutenant; he died in Los Angeles.

When the family settled in Wisconsin J. E.
Morgan was twelve years of age. When
twenty-one years of age, in 1854, he started out
for himself, working for eight months, from four
in the morning until eight in the evening, and
receiving $12 per month, the largest wages paid
farm hands at that time. After a year he began
to break prairie, for which purpose he used four
yoke of oxen. At the end of the season he sold
out, having $300 in gold as remuneration for his
season's labors. This was considered a splendid
sum, yet, when all his privations and hardships
are considered, it is doubtful if the young men
of the present day could be induced to work
the same length of time and the same number
of hours for the same amount. A later venture
was as clerk in Fox Lake for a year, after which
he spent a year in Oberlin College, and then
became clerk in a hardware store owned by a

brother of Governor Smith of Wisconsin, where
he remained seven years. For eight years he
carried on a lumber business at Randolph, Wis.,
after which he spent two years in lumber mill-
ing in Mississippi, going back to Wisconsin,
and soon afterward moving to California. While
in Wisconsin, in December, 1858, he married
Irene Hawley, who was born in New York
state and reared in Wisconsin. They became
the parents of one child who reached maturity.
May, who married C. J. Burleson. Since the
death of Mrs. Burleson, leaving two sons and a
daughter, the latter has been taken into the
home of Mr. Morgan and his wife. When a
boy Mr. Morgan was reared under Whig and
abolition teachings, and on the organization of
the Republican party became one of its mem-
bers, since which time he has always supported
its men and measures.

JAMES BEGG. One of the busiest places in
\'entura is the horse-shoeing establishment
owned and managed by James Begg, who has
the well-earned reputation of being not only
the pioneer in his line in the city, but also the
best and most skillful. He has a comprehensive
knowledge of his trade and is no respecter of
quality, each and every four-footed applicant
receiving his most careful attention. The hard-
worked and patient farm horse coming into
town from all parts of the county retraces his
steps at set of sun the better for having received
painstaking treatment for his pedal extremi-
ties, while the thoroughbreds and aristocrats
who occupy box stalls and wear upon their well-
groomed, glossy coats the latest novelties in
harness, are equally well served and provided
with the most comfortable footgear. Through
this reliable work Mr. Begg has come to enjoy
the confidence of the people and receives their
patronage.

Of sturdy Scotch ancestry, Mr. Begg was
born in Scotland in 1857, a son of John and
Mary (McAdam) Begg, also natives of Scotland,
tie was educated in that country and while still
quite young prepared for future independence
by learning the trade of horse-shoeing. There
were seven children in the family and all bene-
fited by the common-sense training of their
parents and became useful members of society.
His parents still make their home in Scotland,
but have visited their son in America. In 1879
James Begg crossed the ocean and settled in
Santa Barbara, Cal., where for three years he
followed his trade. Removing to Ventura, he
then opened the shop which he has since con-
ducted. After coming to Ventura, in 1887, he
married Annie Laurie liarnett, of this city, who
died, leaving two children, Annie Laurie and
Jamie Gordon. Tlic second marriage of Mr.
Begg was solemnized in 1892 and united him
with Emma Dubbers, who was born in Ventura,

TycM.^ c -/y.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

815

and is an officer in the Native Daughters of the
Golden West. One son, WiUiam Frederick, has
blessed this union. The family have a comforta-
ble residence on Ash street, and Mr. Begg owns
other city property, including his shop. Since
casting his first presidential vote for James G.
Blaine he has always supported Republican
measures and candidates. In religion he is a
Presbyterian, while fraternally he is connected
with the Odd Fellows and has passed all the
chairs in the Ventura lodge.

The father of Mrs. Begg, Henry Dubbers, a
native of Germany, was one of the three first
white setLlers of Ventura, and afterward re-
mained here until his death. Few of the pio-
neers were better known than he. Possessing a
fine education, he could read and write five lan-
guages, and was a fluent conversationalist in
each. Through his extensive travels in South
America, as well as by text-book study, he
gained a thorough knowledge of Spanish and an
acquaintance among aristocratic old Spanish
families. Frequently he transacted business and
wrote letters for the Spanish residents of Ven-
tura and also in the San Joachim valley, where
he lived for some time before settling in Ven-
tura. He is sui-vived by his wife, two sons and
two daughters, who still live in A^entura.

WILLIAM C. FRY. Although by birth and
education an Englishman, so much of Mr. Fry's
life has been passed in Los Angeles county that
he is a thorough-going American and a typical
Californian. He was born in Devonshire in
i860 and grew to manhood upon a farm, alter-
nating work at home with attendance at school.
In September, 1879, ^^ crossed the ocean to
Quebec and from there proceeded direct to
California. Establishing himself in Los Ange-
les, with his brothers, T. Ashton and T. G. Fry,
he bought twenty-three acres near what is now
Eleventh and Pico streets. This land they
placed under cultivation to oranges and oper-
ated for several years. During 1885 they bought
twenty-three acres in what is now the Holly-
wood district. As the land was merely a stub-
ble field, it was bought at a low price. In 1888
William C. began to make improvements, and
in the spring of i88g he set out an orchard of
walnut trees, and a grove of orange and lemon
trees. At this writing he has acquired the own-
ership of the entire tract of twenty-three acres,
which is now one of the most beautiful and
valuable homesteads in Hollywood district, its
value being placed at $1,500 an acre by con-
servative judges. At the time he came here
Hollywood had not yet sprung into existence.
The surrounding country was sparsely popu-
lated. Improvements were conspicuous by their
absence. In all of this work of improvement
and cultivation he has borne an active part. As

road overseer, which office he filled for four
years, he assisted in opening and building roads
in the district. During the winter months, when
his ranch does not demand the constant atten-
tion of other seasons, he carries on a real-estate
business in the city of Los Angeles, and he
also owns mining interests in Riverside county,
but as yet these have not been developed.

In 1889 Mr. Fry married Miss Anna Arm-
strong, who was born in England and died in
Hollywood district April 9, 1895, leaving two
children, Sarah Rhea and Lawrence A. Mrs.
Fry was a member of the Gospel Tabernacle
Church and he also is prominent in the same,
having for six years officiated as a deacon, since
wdiich time he has held the office of elder. He
is a firm opponent of the sale of intoxicating
liquors, and believes that the saloon is the great-
est enemy of our nation. By precept and by
example his influence has always been thrown
on the side of prohibition, which cause has al-
ways received the benefit of his support and
assistance.

ION WATSON PARKS. The family rep-
resented by Mr. Parks of Pasadena is not only
one of the oldest of Vermont, but has also been
very honorably associated with the history of
that state. Not the least successful of its mem-
bers was his father, Hon. Frederick Kinsley
Parks, a general merchant and influential citizen
of Grand Isle, Vt., an active Mason, attaining
the thirty-second degree, and the recipient of
numerous honors from the hands of his fellow-
citizens, including election as selectman, mem-
ber of the lower house of the Vermont legisla-
ture and judge of the probate court. By his
marriage to Elizabeth Russell he had four sons
and two daughters, of whom one son and one
daughter are deceased. Into this family was
born Ion Watson Parks, at Grand Isle, Vt., July
18, 1872. When he was eight years old he
accompanied the family to Wyoming, and for
some years his life was spent on the frontiers
of the west. On Little Goose Creek, in Johnson
county, Wyo., the family took up six hundred
acres of land, and there he assisted in the raising
of cattle and horses and in general farm pur-
suits. For three years he was in the employ of
the L. X. Burr Cattle Company. His mother
died in the west in 1889, and his brother, Wal-
lace, who has for some time been a resident of
Helena, Mont., is at the head of an improvement
company in that city.

At infrequent intervals I. W. Parks attended
school, his advantages in this direction includ-

mg one year ni

Scranton, Pa., and one and one-

half years in the night school at Grand Isle, A
supplemented bv attendance at the high school
of Burlington, Vt. As he passed from boyhood
into youth, having meantime acquired consid-
erable knowledge of stock, there came to him a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

desire to fit himself for a veterinary surgeon,
and in pursuit of this object he took a full
course in the Ontario Veterinary College at
Toronto, from which he was graduated m 1897.
Returning to \'ermont, he began to practice at
Montpelier, and soon secured a growing busi-
ness in his line. On the organization of the
Vermont State Veterinary- Association he be-
came a charter member and was elected the first
secretary, which position he continued to hold
until his removal to the Pacific coast. Meantime
he was interested in various measures bearing
upon his chosen calling. While living in Mont-
pelier he married Maude Carroll Fiske, who was
educated in the grammar and high schools of
that city. Since coming to Pasadena in Novem-
ber, 1900, they have purchased and now occupy
the residence at No. 180 Oakland avenue.

In Pasadena, as in his former eastern home,
:\Ir. Parks practices all branches of surgery and
has become known through his thorough knowl-
edge of successful modes of treating the dis-
eases to which horses and other stock are sub-
ject. In addition, he devotes considerable time
to taxidermv, in which art he has acquired com-
mendable proficiency. Both the Ontario Veter-
inary Societv and the State Veterinary Associa-
tion' of California number him among then-
members, and he is likewise identified with the
Pasadena Board of Trade. Though seeking no
prominence in politics, preferring to devote huu-
self to his chosen work, he always votes at elec-
tions, casting his ballot for Republican candi-
dates. Fraternally he is connected with Lodge
No. 22, F. & A. M., and is vice-chancellor of the
Knights of Pythias, Uniform Rank.

MARCUS SAMUEL PLANT. Upon re-
moving to Pasadena in 1886, Mr. Plant devoted
nine years to his trade as a carpenter, and in
1895 began to build and contract, in partnership
with Mr. Dawson, under the firm name of Plant
& Dawson. During the intervening years many
of the finest residences and public buildings in
the city have been erected under the capable
management of this enterprising firm. Among
other commendable undertakings may be men-
tioned the Macomber block, the Lincoln Avenue
Methodist Episcopal Church, Mrs. Meeker's
residence, and the residences of ]Mr. Warner,
Mr. McCulloch and Mr. Evans.

A native of Wyoming county, N. Y., Air.
Plant was born September 16, 1842, and is the
third of the seven children born to Ira L. and
Polly iM. (Lewis) Plant, natives of Connecticut,
and the former born in 1817. The paternal
grandfather, Isaac, was born in Connecticut, and
was one of the very early settlers of Wyoming
county, N. Y., whither he removed in 1823. As
yet there had been no land tilled in that section
of the country, and this courageous pioneer set-
tled in the midst of dense forest, where he built

himself a log hut, and proceeded to clear away
the surrounding timber. In time he improved
a paying farm, and reared a family of children,
and continued to live upon his original place
of settlement until his death, at the age of
eighty-two years. Ira L. Plant was a contractor
and builder in Wyoming county, N. Y., and ex-
perienced all of the difficulties incident to that
occupation in those days, for he had to go into
the woods and hew and prepare his timber, and
had none of the appliances which make modern
construction comparatively easy. In 1856 he
removed to Sterling, 111., and engaged in build-
ing up to the time of his death at the age of
seventy-five years. He w'as a Mason and a
Republican. His wife was a daughter of David
Lewis, who removed from Vermont to Wyo-
ming county, N. Y., about 1825, and spent his
last years in Battle Creek, Mich. Mrs. Plant,
who died in Illinois, was the mother of four
sons and three daughters, the daughters being
all deceased. One son, Henry C, served in
Company C, Thirteenth Illinois Infantry, and
is nowr living in Sterling, 111.

From earliest boyhood Marcus S. Plant be-
came familiar with the use of carpenter's tools,
and before completing his education in the pub-
lic schools was thus of great assistance to his
father. His life was uneventful up to the time
of the Civil war. In 1862 he volunteered in
Company D, Seventy-fifth Illinois Infantry, and
was mustered in at Dixon. During a three-
years' service he participated in many important
battles, including those of Stone River, Look-
out Mountain, Chattanooga, Chickamauga, Dal-
ton, Dallas, Resaca, Kennesaw Mountain, Buz-
zard's Roost, and Peach Tree, at which latter
conflict he was wounded in the right foot and
left ankle, and sent to the field hospital for re-
cuperation. Finally he was sent back to Chat-
tanooga, and then to Jefferson, Ind., until a fur-
lough home enabled "him to vote for .\braham
Lincoln in 1864. He later rejoined his regiment
and continued with it until the close of the war.
when he was mustered out in Parker, Tenn., and
honorably discharged in Chicago, 111.

After the war Mr. Plant returned to Sterling
and began to work at the carpenter's trade with
his father, and at the end of three years learned
the trade of millwright in the vicinity. In Chi-
cago, 111., he was employed by B. F. Gump, as
traveling foreman for erecting machines in dif-
ferent parts of the country, and later filled a
similar capacity for John T. Noye of Buffalo,
N. Y. He remained with the latter concern for
two years and a half, and was then employed
by Stout, Mill & Temple, of Dayton, Ohio. In
1883 he located in Fall City, Neb., and engaged
in building and contracting until 1886, in which
year he came to Pasadena as heretofore stated.

The pleasant home of Mr. Plant is presided
over by his tactful wife, formerly Charlotte H.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

817

Barrett, who was born in Ohio, and moved to
Ilhnois with her parents. Of this union there
are three children: J. H., who is a painter in
Pasadena; i\i. Ai., who resides in Stockton; and
Mary S., who is hving at home. j\ir. Plant be-
came a Mason in Sterling, 111., and is now con-
nected with the Pasadena Lodge No. 272. He
is also a member of the Eastern Star. In politi-
cal afifiliation he is a Socialist. Mrs. Plant is a
member of the Universalist Church, of the Re-
lief Corps and the Eastern Star.

A. B. ROYAL, M.D. Ever since he came
from Illinois in 1894, Dr. Royal has been recog-
nized as one of the professional influences of
Pasadena, and as one who maintains the highest
tenets of his calling. Preceded by years of
practical experience, he assumed the new re-
sponsibihties represented in this town with
every assurance of success, and year by year has
added to his store of knowledge, and to the
esteem and confidence of a large following. He
was born in Mazon, Grundy county. 111., Decem-
ber 26, 1853, and comes of a family first repre-
sented in America by his paternal great-grand-
father, who emigrated from England and set-
tled in Pennsylvania, removing at a later day
to Ohio, where his death occurred. The pater-
nal grandfather, Charles, was born in Pennsyl-
vania, but also removed to Ohio, locating, in
1846, near Newark, 111. In 1852 he crossed the
plains with ox-teams and wagons to Oregon,
where he died.

Rev. Thomas Wesley Royal, the father of A.
B., was born in Ohio, and in manhood became
a farmer in Grundy county. 111. He studied for
the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church
and preached in Illinois, Kansas, and Oregon,
to which he removed in 1888, and where he died
at the age of sixty-five years. He married
Amanda Goodrich, who was born in New York,
a daughter of Gardner Goodrich, who removed
from New York to Illinois, where he lived in
Du Page, Grundy and Livingston counties,
and was one of the early pioneers of the state.
Mrs. Royal lives in Greeley, Kans., and is the
mother of three children, of whom A. B. is
second. Charles lives in Los Angeles, and Ella
is now Mrs. Wood of Greeley, Kans.

At the age of seventeen years A. B. Royal
engaged in teaching school, and was thus em-
ployed for five years, at the same time working
his way through the Academy at Morris, 111.
Having decided to adopt the medical profession
for his life work he began to study under Dr.
Palmer, of Morris, 111., and in 1873 entered
Rush Medical College, Chicago, 111., from which
he was graduated in the class of 1877. For the
following eighteen months he practiced medi-
cine in Mazon, 111., and then located in Ameri-
cus, Lyon county, Kans., where he remained
for sixteen years. He became prominent in the

development of the town of Americus, was one
of its incorporators, and a member of its first
board of trustees. In 1894 he removed to Pasa-
dena, and has since engaged in a general medi-
cal and surgical practice, his office being at
Washington and North Fair Oaks, and his resi-
dence at the corner of Cedar and Fair Oaks.

The first marriage of Dr. Royal was solem-
nized in Americus, Kans., and was with Belle
Jaquith, a native of Michigan, and who died in
Americus leaving one child, Harry J., of Pasa-
dena. In North Pasadena, Dr. Royal married
Mrs. Mamie (Negus) Painter, who, by her for-
mer marriage had two children, Harry J. and
Ethel Painter. Dr. Royal is fraternally asso-
ciated with the Ancient Order of United Work-
men (of which he is examining physician), the
Select Knights, the Modern Woodmen of Ameri-
ca, the Knights of the Maccabees, the Knights
and Ladies of Security, and the Foresters. He
is a member of the Pasadena Medical Society,
is a Republican in political afifiliation, and in
religion is identified with the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, in which he is secretary of the
board of trustees.

WILLIAM M. ROGERS. Mr. Rogers of
Pasadena comes from one of the old Puritan fam-
ilies of Newton, Mass. The genealogy is traced
back to Bishop John Rogers, of Smithfield,
England. Nor are his maternal ancestors less
worthy of record on the pages of history, his
mother, Elizabeth Blaisdel, a native of Ports-
mouth, being a member of a colonial family of
New England; and in his possession now there
is a coat-of-arms of her family that is one hun-
dred and fifty years old.

An uncle of W. M. Rogers had a somewhat
unusual history. John Rogers (such was his
name) shipped from Boston as supercargo on a
merchant vessel bound for Spain and, arriving
at his destination, was led to explore that coun-
try. There he met an American consul, Robert
Montgomery, whose daughter he later married.
He then settled in Genoa, Italy, and from there
moved to Naples, w^here he died in 1865. At
one time he held the office of American consul
at Naples, Italy. His thorough knowledge of
the people and their customs caused him to be
often sought for advice by Americans visiting
in Italy, and to all the same thoughtful courtesy
was extended. When his brother, Aaron, was
unable, by reason of ill health, to endure the
rigors of New England winters, he sent for him
to come to Italy, where he assisted him in the
commission business, Aaron remaining tliere for
nine years, and then returning to his native town,
Newton, Mass., where he died at sixty years of
age.

In the family of Aaron Rogers there were four
sons, John B., Charles P., George H. and Wil-
liam M. The first-named enlisted in the Fiftv-

818

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

seventh Massachusetts Infantry, and was killed
at Petersburg, June 17, 1864. Charles F., after
a lifetime of activity as a pharmacist in Newton,
Mass., recently retired from business and is now
acting as city 'assessor. George H., who is now
a rancher of Riverside, Cal., and formerly a
pharmacist of Waltham, Mass., enlisted in the
navy in 1861 and served for three years as a
hospital steward. Not less patriotic than his
brothers, William M. Rogers also offered his
services to the country. In 1862 he enlisted ni
Company B, Forty-fourth Massachusetts In-
fantry, and going to the front, took part in the
battles of Kmgston, Goldsboro and Whitehall,
N. C. The following year he was mustered out
at Boston, Mass., and honorably discharged.
He then secured employment as salesman in a
stove and tinware store, in which way be gained
his early experiences in this busmess. For
seventeen years he was with Charles King and
for five years with the latter's successor, H. P.
Brooks, in Hartford, Conn. On closing out his
interests in the east, he came to Calitornia in
1897 and settled at Pasadena. Later he bought
the property at No. 163 North Euclid avenue
and tore down the house, which he replaced with
a modern residence. He is connected with the
Grand Army of the Republic and in political
views supports Republican principles, fhough
now sixty years of age (having been born Sep-
tember 24, 1842), he retains much of the robust-
ness of youth, and under the influence of the
healthful climate of Pasadena shows little trace
of the passing years.

March 30, 1865, Mr. Rogers married JNIiss
Elizabeth S. Gorman, who was born in Spring-
field, Mass., being a daughter of Francis and
Elizabeth (Moore) Gorman, natives respectively
of Dublin, Ireland, and Westtield, Mass. The
latter is now making her home with her daugh-
ter, iMrs. Rogers. On coming to the United
States, Mr. borman secured employment with
a wholesale and retail grocery, continuing in the
same business during much of his life, indeed,
his connection with the firm of William Gunn
& Co. did not cease until the business was sold
out, thirty-eight years after he had entered the
firm's employ. His death occurred in Hartford,
Conn., February 4, 1896, at the home of Mr.
Rogers. He had a son, P'rancis Gorman, Jr.,
who was born in Massachusetts and in 1864 was
graduated from Harvard College, afterward
engaging as a private tutor in Cambridge, Mass.
The superiority of his work caused his services
as an instructor to be in great demand, and he
continued very active until his sudden death
from heart disease. His sister, Mrs. Rogers, is
also the possessor of splendid mental resources,
and, in the various places of her residence, has
borne an active part in benevolent movements.
One of her leading activities in Hartford was
the Children's Aid Society. While in that city

she was also chosen the first president of the
Robert O. Tyler Post, Women's Relief Corps,
the successful inauguration of whose work was
due to her wise discrimination and judicious
leadership. At this writing she holds the office
of president of the Women's League in the
Universalist Church of Pasadena.

SMITH J. SHAFER. The record of Mr.
Shafer while in the volunteer service entitles
him to the praise of all men who honor
courage and a chivalrous defense of prin-
ciples one believes to be true. Indeed, it is as
a direct result of his services that Mr. Shafer is
now totally disabled and for years past has been
a constant sufferer. Yet, in spite of all, he has
never regretted that he offered himself to his
country in her hour of need, for he is a stanch
patriot and loyal citizen.

The home of Mr. Shafer is now at No. 459
North Fair Oaks avenue, Pasadena. He was
born in Delaware, Ohio, May 20, 1841, and was
third among eleven children, three of whom
survive. His father, who was a native of Penn-
sylvania, became a pioneer of Knox county,
Ohio, and thence removed to Delaware county,
where he engaged in the manufacture of brick
and shingles. His wife died in 1849 and three
years later he passed away, leaving his son,
Smith, an orphan eleven years of age. A cousin
took the boy to his farm, and there he remained
until sixteen years of age, when he was appren-
ticed to the cooper's trade at Huntsville. Un-
fortunately, just about the time he completed
his trade, flour sacks came into general use, re-
placing flour barrels to such an extent that
wages were reduced and the cooper's trade be-
came unprofitable. He was thus obliged to
learn another trade, and took up harness-mak-
ing and the saddlery business.

At the opening of the war Mr. Shafer en-
listed in Company E, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantn,',
and was mustered in at Camp McArthur and
assigned to the army of the Potomac. With his
regiment he took part in various engagements.
At the battle of Port Republic, \'a., June 9,
1862, he was wounded five times in the breast
and once in the right hand, besides which a
grape shot passed through the knee of the left
leg. The fortunes of the battle were against the
Federal troops. All was dismay and confusion,
and the wounded were not given the attention
they needed. He was left five days on the bat-
tle field, during which time he had nothing to
eat but a cracker. Fortunately, a canteen of
water had been given him by a merciful Con-
federate colonel, which kept him from dying of
thirst. While he lay on the ground the Con-
federates came around him and said they in-
tended to shoot. Too much in pain to utter a
protest or feel any indignation at their treatment
of him, he merely told them to go ahead and

^1 )r (rfV>wo^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

821

shoot, but they soon went away. As others
came on the scene, he hired them, for $5 and
two rubber blankets, to carry him to a large
house on the battlefield, and there a Confederate
surgeon amputated his leg. After this he was
taken to Lynchburg and a week later to Libby
prison, where he was confined until September
II, 1862. He was then paroled and sent to Fort
Delaware, and from there to Philadelphia, where
he was honorably discharged December 28,
1863.

As soon as he had recovered sufficiently to
seek work, Mr. Shafer was made toll gate keep-
er on a plank road at Delaware, Ohio, and also,
for three and one-half years, engaged in the
harness and saddlery business. He then re-
moved to Clarinda, Page county, Iowa, and for
many years conducted business pursuits there,
first having a meat market and later a grocery.
November 9, i8gi, he came to California, and
has since made Pasadena his home. For a time
he engaged in the confectionery business here
and each summer, during the season, now car-
ries on a confectionery and fruit business at
Long Beach. In politics he is an unfaltering
Republican. As might be expected, he is a
stanch Grand Army man and maintains a deep
interest in the workings of the post. At Clarin-
da, Iowa, December 4, 1873, he married Miss
Sarah Jane Hutchinson, who was born in Ken-
tucky. In religion she is identified with the
Methodist Episcopal Church, while socially she
is connected with the Women's Relief Corps.
Four children were born of their union, three
of whom attained mature years, namely: Jessie,
Stanley and Edna May, the latter of whom died
at twenty-one years of age, just before she was
to have been graduated.

RICHARD O. ROBINSON. As seasoned
and brave a packet captain as ever plowed the
waters between New York and Liverpool was
Richard Robinson, the father of Richard O.
He was born in Alaine in 1817, and for years
his craft carried merchandise to various ports
on the coasts, and he made several trips around
the Horn to San Francisco. When he perma-
nently abandoned the high seas for more stable
residence he located in California in 1872, and
came to \'entura the following year, where he
began farming and stock-raising and fruit grow-
ing. He was very successful in his operations
and conducted them on a large scale, and at his
death left an estate of between two and three
thousand acres. Ilis wife, formerly Mary Went-
worth, was also horn in Alaine, and is now liv-
ing on the old ranch in the upper Ojai valley.

The oldest son in the family. Richard O.
Robinson was born in Maine July 15, 1848, and
subsequently made several trips on the ocean
with his father. He accompanied him to Cali-
fornia in 1872, and settled in Ventura in 1873,

and from then until the death of the father was
associated with him in the Iruit raising, stock
and larming business, 'ihis has since Deen his
occupation, and he has met with gratilymg suc-
cess in all of his undertakings, Ins land being
under a high state of cultivation, and his crops,
cattle and Iruit coming up to the high standard
of excellence desired by tlieir owner. He owns
altogether twenty-four hundred acres of land,
of which nearly eight hundred acres are under
cultivation.

In Ventura in 1877 Mr. Robinson married
Ella Wentworth, and two children have been
born to them: Edna, who is a graduate of the
high school, and Richard O., wiio is attending
the grammar school. Mr. Robinson is a Repub-
lican in politics. Such is the pohtical belief of
his brother, C. W., who lives at Ocean Park,
and was also of his father, the hardy sea
captain. In fraternal circles he is well known.
He was made a Master Jtlason and a Knight
Templar at Ventura, and is a member of the
Mystic Shrine at Los Angeles. He is appre-
ciated in the community for his many evidences
of good fellowship, and for his desire to aid in
the general improvement of his county.

C. E. SLOSSON. Various enterprises contrib-
uting to the progress of Monrovia have received
the benefit of Mr. Slosson's co-operation. When
he settled in this town in 1887, immediately after
his arrival in California, he took up real estate
interests and has since handled considerable
realty, both vacant and improved. However,
the improvement of property does not represent
the limit of his activities, but he has been inter-
ested in numerous other private and public en-
terprises. For several years he was a stockhold-
er and the president of the Messenger Publish-
ing Company. He was largely instrumental in
establishing the Monrovia steam laundr}', of
which he is still one of the principal stockhold-
ers. At this writing he conducts the only livery
and sales stable in Monrovia, with a teaming
and contracting outfit in connection. CJn the
organization of the ]\Ionrovia Board of Trade
he became a charter member and is now its
secretary, through which position he has been
enabled to promote local commercial activities.

The Slosson family was identified with New
York state for several generations. From there
Abner Slosson removed in 1867 to Iowa, where
he remained until death, meantime improving a
valuable farm. Previous to his arrival, his son
John had settled in Iowa, buying a tract of raw-
land near Northwood and afterward giving his
attention to its cultivation. The farm on which
much of his life was passed consisted of six hun-
dred and forty acres and was purchased by him
in 1871, remaining his home from that time
until his death. On the farm in Iowa where he
was born, September 25, 1861, C. E. Slosson

832

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

passed the years of youth, meantime attending
the common and high schools of Northwood.
Farming engaged his attention during vacations,
and on leaving school he gave his whole time
and thought to agriculture. A little later he
became interested in a creamery business near
Northwood. He has always been a firm up-
holder of Republican principles, which he be-
lieves best calculated to promote our national
welfare. For three terms he served as a meni-
licr of the central Republican committee of Los
.\ngeles county, and during two of these terms
he was also a member of its executive com-
mittee. For three terms he served as city clerk
of Monrovia and for two terms as town trustee.
After coming to Monrovia ]\Ir. Slosson mar-
ried Anna MacCulloch, who was born in Penn-
sylvania and passed the years of childhood
there, later coming to California to visit her
brother and sister. Her parents were William
and Christine ]^IacCulloch. the former of whom,
a native of Scotland, died in Michigan while on
his way to California. Mr. and -Mrs. Slosson
have one daughter, Arline.

SILAS TOMS, proprietor of the Enterprise
Nurseries, was born in Gambler, Knox county,
Ohio, September 4, 1857, and is a son of George
and Sarah (Wallace) Toms, and grandson of
William Toms. George Toms was born in Lon-
don, England, and came to America with his
father, William, with whom he settled on a farm
in Knox county, Ohio. William returned to
London and died there, but his son continued
to live in Ohio, where he married, and engaged
in building and contracting. With the first call
for three-year men during the Civil war he en-
listed in Company C, Thirty-second Ohio Vol-
unteer Infantry, and died at Cheat Mountain,
\'a. In his young manhood he married Sarah
Wallace, a native of Brighton, England, and
daughter of Sir Richard Wallace, who, with his
brother, Sir Arthur Wallace, was a co-heir to
forty million dollars. Sir Richard came to
America and settled in Gambler, Knox county,
Ohio, where he engaged in contracting on an
extensive scale, intending to return to England
at no distant day. So well was he pleased with
his new surroundings that he continued to tarry
even after the news of his brother's death reached
.\merica, and he himself soon after sickened and
died. Since then the property has remained
undisturbed in England. Five sons and two
daughters were born to George and Sarah Toms,
of whom four sons and one daughter are now
living, namely: George W., a resident of Pasa-
dena; C. R., a contractor and mason: Henry,
a veterinary surgeon at Mount \'ernon. Ohio;
Silas, and Mrs. Elizabeth Cummings, of Pasa-
dena.

After attending the public schools at Gambler,
Ohio, Silas Toms found employment at Kenyon

College as superintendent of men, and while
there learned floriculture and landscape garden-
ing. In 1882 he located in Pasadena and was
employed by B. O. Clark, now of Honolulu,
and contracted with him and the park nursery-
men of which Mr. Clark was president. During
the World's Fair at Chicago, he boxed all of the
trees and plants exhibited from the Park Nur-
series, and the same year started the enterprise
with which he is connected at the corner of
Kirkwood and Pepper streets. He owns another
nursery on Jefferson and Summit streets, which
contains ten thousand trees. He is the second
oldest nurseryman in the city, and handles more
nursery stock than any one other person here.
In his houses are all manner of trees, both or-
namental and useful, and in the matter of roses
and ferns and standard flowers he has few su-
periors. He ships by the car load, and contracts
for the setting out of hundreds of acres of or-
ange and lemon trees, as well as acres of grape
vines. His greenhouses are constructed after
the most approved designs, and his property is
one of the show places of Pasadena.

The first marriage of Mr. Toms was contract-
ed in Ohio with Hattie Ayers, who died in Pasa-
dena, leaving five children: Claude, who is the
wife of Charles Canfield. of Pasadena; Clarence,
who is a gardener of this city; Mamie, at home;
Lewis, who is the partner of his father; and
Jennie, at home. The present Mrs. Toms was
formerly Elizabeth Neill, of Cambridge, Mass.
Mr. Toms is fraternally identified with the -An-
cient Order of United Workmen and the Atod-
ern Woodmen of America. He is a member of
the Nurserymen and Florists' Association of
Southern California, and in political affiliation
is a Democrat. Mrs. Toms was a member of
the Baptist church at Old Cambridge, Mass.
Being a lover of plants and flowers, she has
added much to his business as well as domestic
life. Mr. Toms is w-ell known throughout the
whole of Southern California, and is one of the
most skilled of those who devote their lives to
this interesting and ever expanding occupation.

WILLIAM SHIBLEY. In Rensselaer
county, N. Y., William Shibley was born, Jan-
uary 4, 1836, being a son of Jeremiah and Lydia
(Brockway) Shibley, natives of New York. The
father, during active years, followed agricultural
pursuits, and on retiring settled in Brooklyn,
N. Y., where he died in September. 1866, aged
seventy-one years. The homestead, which he
had sold in 1854, contained two hundred and
fifty-one and one-half acres. Of his nine chil-
dren all but one attained mature years, William
being the seventh in order of birth. Besides
public school advantages, he was privileged to
attend the academy two terms, and afterward
tilled the soil of the home farm for two years.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Going to Illinois in 1856, he was employed as
clerk and bookkeeper for his brother in a gen-
eral mercantile store and paper manufacturing
business. At the opening of the Civil war he
relinquished business pursuits in order to assist
in defending the country, his name being en-
rolled as a member of Company D, United
States Engineers, in which he was serving as
non-commissioned sergeant at the time of dis-
charge, December 18, 1864. The entire period
of his service was with the army of the Poto-
mac. He assisted in building the bridges at
Fredericksburg, Petersburg and Bull Run, be-
sides numerous others less important.

After the expiration of his army service Mr.
Shibley took up business pursuits in Illinois,
and from 1866 until 1887 was interested in buy-
ing stock and grain at Rockton. During the
latter year he returned to New York and settled
at Cohoes, where he became manager of his
sister's interest in a knitting mill, owned by his
sister, Mrs. Sarah M. Root. In 1890 it was dis-
posed of and Mr. Shibley removed to California
in 1891 with his sister. The latter was born in
New York and is the widow of S. G. Root, who
owned large and valuable manufacturing inter-
ests. The residence occupied by Mr. Shibley
and his sister is the property of Mrs. Root and
stands at No. 510 Marengo avenue.

While in Illinois Mr. Shibley married Miss
Mary J. Osgood, who died at Rockton, that
state, in 1861. One daughter was born of this
union, namely: Elizabeth, who makes her home
in Illinois. He later married Miss Delilah
White, who died in 1885; they had one child,
Mary, who resides with her father and aunt in
Pasadena. Interested in Masonry, Mr. Shibley
has passed various of the degrees of the same
and is connected wath the commandery and con -
sistory. His service in the war is borne in mind
through his connection with the Grand Army of
the Republic. Tenacious in his principles, he
holds firmly to the doctrines of the Republican
party, which he has supported from youth. He
is a patriot from principle, and favors any meas-
ure for the benefit of the commonwealth and
nation.

EDGAR FREMONT LANCASTER. While
many others engaged in a similar occupation
have come and gone in Pasadena, Edgar Fre-
mont Lancaster has continued his reliable and
conservative grocery business, and is at the pres-
ent time the second oldest purveyor in the town,
and one of the most extensive and successful.
His youth was spent in Corj'don, Wayne county.
Iowa, where he was born October 18, 1858, and
where he was educated in the public schools.
The family were first represented in Iowa by
the paternal grandfather, Bartlett, who was born
in Virginia, farmed in Kentucky, and spent his
last days in Wayne county, Iowa. He was a

soldier in the war of 1812, and was of English
descent.

J. W. Lancaster, the father of Edgar Fremont,
was born in Frankfort, Ky., and was a wagon-
maker by trade, having served his apprentice-
ship in Cincinnati. In 1850 he settled in the
neighborhood of Des Moines, Iowa, where he
took up a claim, but later removed to new
land in Dallas county, still later locating
near Corydon, Wayne county. There he
farmed and engaged in wagon and carriage
making until 1889, during which year he
disposed of his Wayne county interests and
retired to Pasadena, where he is now living at
the age of seventy-si.x years. He married Louisa
Parr, a native of Indiana, and daughter of Rev.
Morgan Parr, born in Indiana. Rev. Parr was
the first minister of the Christian Church to
preach in Wayne county, Iowa, and he was thus
employed up to the time of his death at the age
of seventy-one years. Mrs. Louisa Lancaster
died in Pasadena, in January, 1902, at seventy-
four years of age. She was the mother of six
sons and two daughters, of whom one son and
two daughters are deceased. The children arc
all living on the coast, Edgar F. being third in
order of birth. Thomas M. is in the employ of
his brother, Edgar; J- N. is a builder and con-
tractor; John Lincoln is a merchant in the state
of Washington; William died in Pasadena; H.
A. is in Chaparal, Yavapai county, Ariz., and
Ella is deceased.

While yet quite young Edgar Fremont Lan-
caster worked in his father's carriage shop, and
when he arrived at eighteen years of age re-
moved with his family to Missouri, where he
engaged in the restaurant business. Returning
to Corydon, Iowa, he lived on a farm for a year,
and came to Pasadena in 1887, working tempo-
rarily at the carpenter's trade. He soon after
bought a restaurant, called it the Omaha Wafiflc
House, and conducted it until 1891. The same
year he found employment in the grocery store
of Chubb & Billings, and at the end of six
months bought out the Tory & Hagadorn gro-
cery business across from where he is now lo-
cated. In December of 1900 he located in the
Strong building, on the corner of Colorado
street and Marengo avenue, and has since car-
ried a full line of groceries, besides general
jjroduce, feed and flour. Two delivery wagons
are required for his business, and he has the
steady patronage of many of the finest families
in town. In the meantime he has won a repu-
tation for progressiveness and fair dealing, and
is accounted one of the most reliable business
men in Pasadena.

In Corydon, Iowa, Mr. Lancaster married
Maggie Booth, a native of Corydon, and of this
union there are four children, Marie, William,
Irene and Paul. Mr. Lancaster is a Republican
in politics, and is fraternally associated with the

S24

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Foresters and the Modern Woodmen of Ameri-
ca. He is a member of the lioard of Trade and
the Pasadena Grocers' Union. He is a member
of and worker in the Baptist church, and is
chairman of the board of trustees.

WILLET BARKER HAZARD. One of
the most successful and popular of die hotel
men of Pasadena is Willet Barker Hazard, the
genial proprietor of the \\'hittier, a modern and
tinely equipped house, advantageously located
at Mo. 165 South Marengo avenue. The pres-
ent commodious structure was erected in 1899,
as the successor of the old Whittier, established
by Mr. Hazard in 1895, at No. 99 South jNIar-
engo. The lot has a frontage of sixty-six feet,
and the building is 66x34 feet floor dimensions,
and three stories in height.

Previous to entering the ranks of public dis-
pensers of hospitality, Mr. Hazard had a varied
business experience in dififeient parts of the
east, and for fifteen years tilled the soil and
gathered the harvests on a typical Canadian
farm. In fact his first impressions of life and
work were gathered on the paternal farm in
Prince Edward county, Canada, where he was
born January 3, 1830, and which had been set-
tled by his father, Joseph, in the early pioneer
days. The elder Hazard was a member of the
Society of Friends, and removed from his nat-
ive Orange county, N. Y., to the forest region
on the bay of Ouinte, Prince Edward county,
Canada, seven miles from Picton. He owned
four hundred acres of land upon which he spent
his middle and latter life, and where he reared
a family of ten children, of whom Willet Barker
is the second youngest. His wife was formerly
Martha Barker, a native of Ontario, and
daughter of Edward Barker, one of the pioneer
settlers near the bay of Quinte. Air. Barker
was well known around the bay, not only as a
farmer, but as a ferr\-man who piloted people in
safety across the bay. He also was a Quaker,
and a man of simple, unostentatious manner of
living.

For those early days in Canada Mr. Hazard
received a common school education, supple-
mented by attendance at the Bloomfield
Academy, a boarding s.chool. In 1853 he
started out on his own responsibility, and in
King township. York county, Canada, bought
and improved a farm upon which he lived for
fifteen years. In 1870 he located in Buffalo,
N. Y., and engaged in the wholesale and retail
lumber business under the firm name of C. P.
Hazard & Brother. The firm were ven*' suc-
cessful, purchasing their commodities by the
cargo, and re-s]iipi)ing the same to New York
City, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The lum-
ber business was disposed of entirely in 1894,
as was also the building enterprises which the
Hazards had maintained in connection there-

with, and the same year Mr. Hazard removed
to Pasadena, drawn hither by the climatic and
general inducements. The following year he
bought the Whittier, as heretofore stated, and
has since been one of the prominent hotel man-
agers of this town.

In his native county in Canada Mr. Hazard
married Susan E. Noxon, a native of Canada,
of which union there have been born five chil-
dren, viz.: i\Iar>' A., who is now Mrs. Eugene
Robinson, of New York state; Lydia E., who is
the wife of Mr. Leon Deutch, of Buffalo, N. Y.;
Eleanor; Carrie M., and Stevenson who died
at the age of nine years. As were his ancestors
for many years, Mr. Hazard is a member of the
Society of Friends, and is one of the official
board of the church. In politics he is a Repub-
lican, but has never entered the arena of politi-
cal agitation.

L. C. TURNER. In the office of street
superintendent of Pasadena, to which he was
elected in 1901, Air. Turner has displayed an
energy of disposition and sagacity of judgment
that are appreciated by all public-spirited citi-
zens, desirous of the promotion of the city's
welfare. A noticeable improvement has marked
the condition of the streets under his supervi-
sion. AMth an eye keen to discern any needed
change, he combines an enterprise and energv
in the bringing about of the requisite transform-
ation. Since 1890 he has made his home in
Pasadena, where he resides at No. 404 C}-press
street, and in addition to this place owns several
other lots. Some years ago he built a storage
barn on Champlain street. His principal occu-
pation has been that of contracting for street
grading, and most of the streets here have been
built under contract by him. Another enterprise
due to his energ}' was the building of the ditch
from Rubio Canon to Eaton Canon.

Walworth, N. Y., is Air. Turner's native place,
and August 23, 1846, the date of his birth.
His father, Silas, also a New Yorker by birth,
became a stonemason and contractor and helped
to build the first brick building in Rochester,
N. Y. Besides this occupation, he had charge
of a farm that he owned. After eighty-three
useful years he passed away in \\'alworth. By
his marriage to Alargaret Caldwell, a native of
New York, he had four children, namely: Lewis,
of Grand Rapids, Alich.: Lucy, wife of W. W.
Tuttle, of New York; Edison, a pioneer of Pasa-
dena and at one time a councilman, but who was
killed by accident about 1887; and Lucian C. of
this sketch.

On the completion of a course of study in
Hiram (Ohio) College, of which James A. Gar-
field was then the principal, L. C. Turner turned
his attention to farming, and later was engaged
in the meat business for ten years. During 1864
he enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and

^. G .UJb^J^C^fC-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

827

Fiftieth Ohio National Guard, and served for
five months in the Union army, after which he
was mustered out at Cleveland, and then took
up farm work in Ohio. In that state he re-
mained until his removal to California in 1890,
and while residing there he married Aliss Dora
Ethridge, who was born in Auburn, Ohio, and
died in Pasadena, Cal., in 1899, leaving three
sons, Frank E., Ralph H. and Roy i\'. She was
a daughter of Nathan Ethridge, who was born
in Rochester, N. Y., and engaged in building
and contracting in Ohio, where he died. Though
not a partisan, Mr. Turner is a warm and pro-
nounced Republican and unswervingly upholds
party principles. The Grand Army of the Re-
public and the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows have his name enrolled among their mem-
bers, and in matters of religious faith he is
affiliated with the Christian Church.

A. E. VESPER. As manager and proprietor
of the largest plumbing concern in Pasadena,
A. E. Vesper has been connected with the finest
work in this line in the city and county, and
undoubtedly has as thorough an understanding
of sanitary plumbing as any man on tlie coast.
He has also made a study of heating apparatus,
and in this connection has patented and is man-
ufacturing one of the most reliable and practical
gas machines on the market. So great is the
demand for his superior workmanship that he
employs twenty-five men during five or six
months of the year. He has placed the plumb-
ing and heating in the Union Savings Bank
building, La Pintoresca Hotel, Pasadena Hos-
])ital, the Stanton residence on Grace Hill, tb.e
Cudahy residence, and innumerable other
buildings and private residences. At present
he is the contracting plumber for possibly the
largest job ever handed to any one individual
in the state, viz.: the plumbing for the Potter
Hotel, on Burton Mound, Santa Barbara. This
hotel alone is to have eight hundred and eighty
stationary fixtures in it, and is to be the larg-
est, most complete and most sumptuous hotel
in California.

Mr. Vesper is a native of Beaver Dam, Wis..
where he was born January 17, i860, a son of
.-Vrtemas and Sarah \. (Caldwell) Vesper, na-
tives respectively of Vermont and Pennsvlva-
nia. and the latter a daughter of Samuel Cald-
well, a farmer of Pennsylvania. The paternal
grandfather, George Lincoln Vesper, was born
in England and settled in Vermont, later re-
moving to Wisconsin, of which state he was a
pioneer. Artemas Vesper had a large stock
farm near Rolling Prairie station. Wis., and be-
came known aU over southern Wisconsin, Iowa,
Minnesota, and Nebraska, as a successful and
enterprising stockman. He also raised and
dealt in Percheron, Norman and English coach

horses, besides all manner of high grade cattle.
He was prominent in the state of Wisconsin in
a general way, and was a member of the board
of supervisors of Dodge county, elected there-
to by the Republican contingent, to which he
ever acknowledged unswerving allegiance. He
was active in the Agriculture Association, and
was a member of the United Brethren Church.
He died at the age of sixty-seven years, while
his wife died when fifty-six years of age. They
were the parents of four children, of whom A.

E. Vesper is second; Minnie G. is now Mrs.
A. H. Cady of Burnett Junction, Dodge county,
Wis.; Charles R. is connected with the Chicago
& Northwestern Railroad; and Harry L. is
living on the old homestead in Dodge county.

Mr. Vesper was reared on the paternal farm
in Wisconsin, and was educated in the public
schools and Marshall (Wis.) .A.cademy. From
earliest youth he displayed marked ingenuity for
all things mechanical, and his first independent
business venture was as a clerk in a hardware
store. Of his father he had learned all about
stock dealing in boyhood, and after leaving the
clerkship he became active in buying and sell-
ing cattle and horses from Appleton to Green
Bay, Wis. After a time he removed to Mil-
waukee and clerked in the Union stock yards
for a year, still later engaging as a telegraph
operator for the northern division of the St.
Paul Railroad. He was for a time an operator
for the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, in
Minnesota and Dakota, and for two years and
a half was operator and agent for the South
Dakota Division of the Winona & St. Peter
Division. In 1886 he located in Pasadena as
trimmer and plumber, in the employ of the
Stephens Hardware Company, and under them
learned the plumber's trade. When this firm
sold their mechanical department to Whiteson
& Co., he still continued with them for two
more years in the same capacity. In 1890 he
bought a third interest in the concern, and in
1896 sold his interest and started the plumbing
business of A. E. Vesper, now located at No.
37 West Colorado street.

In Pasadena Mr. Vesper married Sadie A.
Gockley, born in Chicago, 111. They have one
son, Howard G., bom June 13, 1902. Mr. Ves-
per is associated with Pasadena Lodge No. 272,

F. & A. M., and the Knights of the Maccabees.
He is a charter member of the Merchants' Pro-
tective Association, and was one of the organ-
izers of the Pasadena branch of the Master
Plumbers' Association of California, of which
he is president. He has been a member of the
state executive board of the Master Plumbers'
Association of California for the past six years.
As one of the earliest members of the State
Association of Plumbers he has been active in
forming local branches all over the state, and
served as president of the state association for

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

one year. Politically he is a Prohibitionist, and
fearlessly works for the cause of temperance.

JOHN D. GAYLORD. The talents which
Mr. Gaylord evinced as an educator brought
him prominence in the realm of pedagogy and,
until his retirement from the profession, he
ranked among the leading teachers in New
England. He was born in Ashford, Windham
county, Conn., December 24, 1839, being a son
of Horace and Mary (Davis) Gaylord. natives
respectively of Connecticut and Rhode Island.
The paternal grandfather, Luther Gaylord, de-
voted his entire active life to the manufactur-
ing of harness and trunks in Connecticut; and
the other grandfather. Major John Davis, en-
gaged in the hotel business during all of his
active life, with the exception of the years of
his service as an officer in the Revolutionary
war, and during the latter part of his life he
lived in retirement at Ashford, Conn.

While agriculture formed the principal occu-
pation of Horace Gaylord. his attention was by
no means confined to the details of farm work,
but embraced a comprehensive knowledge of
public affairs and national issues. Among the
offices he held were those of selectman and
probate judge. He lived to be seventy-five
vears of age. Being a thorough believer in
the advantages of a good education, he en-
deavored to prepare his sons for responsible
and honored positions in life, and the success
thev attained cheered and rendered haooy his
old' age. Three. William L., Samuel D. and
Charles H., became earnest ministers of the
gospel; Horace A. and John D.. entered the
educational field as did all their brothers with
the exception of Charles H. The oldest. James
G.. died during the Civil war while he was
confined in a southern prison; and the young-
est. Edward E., followed the profession of a
phvsician.

The sixth among the sons was John D. Gay-
lord. who after graduating from the Ashford
.■\cademy served as its princioal for six vears.
.\ later position was that of principal of the
Brooklvn rConn.l high school, after which he
was similarlv engaged at Union. Conn., and
Mansfield. Conn. Returning from the latter
town to his former home in .\shford. he con-
tinued teaching, bufat the same time had charee
of the old homestead of one hundred and fifty
acres. In 1870 he settled in Clinton, Connrv
thence removed to Cambridge, Mass., and
afterward lived for three years at Wellesley,
same state. On coming to California in i8q2,
he established his home in Pasadena and
housrht an acre of land here, remodeling the
residence at No. 146 Terrace Drive, which has
since been his home.

Like all of the members of his faniilv Mr.
Gaylord is intensely patriotic. The Civil war

broke out when he was a young man, just en-
tering upon life's active duties. Inspired by a
desire to serve his country, in 1862 he enlisted
in Company D, Twenty-first Connecticut In-
fantry, and accompanied his regiment to the
front, where, in the office of sergeant, he took
part in many of the important engagements
fought by the army of the Potomac. Among
these was the engagement at Fredericksburg.
At the expiration of his term of service, in
1864, he was mustered out at Hartford, Conn.,
and returned to his home. Since the organiza-
tion of the Grand Army of the Republic he has
been interested in its workings and has been
commander of John F. Godfrey Post. All of
his life he has believed in Republican principles,
and these he has supported by his ballot and
influence. In religion he is of the liberal faith.
In Connecticut Mr. Gaylord married Miss
Sarah Kendall, who was born in Ashford,
Conn., descended from the founders of the
Ashford colony. Her father, ]\Iason S. Ken-
dall, spent his entire life at Ashford engaged
in farming pursuits, and died there in i8qo,
aged eighty-three years. The children of IMr.
and Mrs. Gajdord have received exceptionally
fine educational advantages and are already
gaining positions of assured influence in the
various fields of activitv they have entered. The
oldest son, ^^^allace K., is professor of chem-
istry in the Throop Polytechnic Institute, while
Harry D. is an instructor in wood carving in
the art department of the same institution.
Horace A. follows the dental profession in
Pasadena, and James M. is an electrical en-
gineer of this citv. The two youngest, John
Clarence and Ruth L., are students in the
Polvtechnic Institute.

WILLIAM T. CLAPP. As early as 1873
Mr. Clapp came to California, where a year
later he took an active part in organizing the
Indiana colony, later known as the San Gabriel
Orange Growers' Association. January 27,
1874, the twenty-seven incorporators of the
company met for the selection of their in-
dividual homesteads. Four thousand acres of
the San Pascual rancho had been purchased for
$25,000, and this tract was divided among the
home-seekers. Such was the diversity of soil,
location and topography that each of the
twenty-seven stockholders secured his chosen
homestead, without interfering with that of his
neighbor. Water was brought to fifteen hun-
dred acres and suitably apportioned among the
members. Out of the land thus secured has
been evolved the now beautiful city of Pasa-
dena, which Dr. Elliott so named from an .\1-
gonquin word meaning "Crown of the \'alley. '
The first schoolhouse and the first church were
built on land owned by Mr. Clapp. and the first
school was taught by his daughter, Jennie H..

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

in their own home. The land which he ac-
quired consisted of sixty acres extending from
Arroyo Seco to Fair Oaks avenue, being map-
ped out as Division E, and he has since re-
tained a portion of the same property, having
his residence at No. 625 South Orange Grove
avenue. One of the noteworthy facts about the
colony was that it was founded on temperance
principles, and has remained a prohibition city
to the present day.

The ancestors of i\Ir. Clapp lived in Massa-
chusetts. His grandfather, Charles Clapp, a
native of Northampton, j\lass.. engaged in the
manufacture of hats during his active life and
died in his native town at ninety-three years of
age. The maternal grandfather, Simon Hunt-
ington, was a farmer in Hinsdale, Mass., where
he died at seventy-five years of age. The father,
Levi Clapp, was born in Worthington, Mass.,
in 1796, and learned the hat-manufacturing
business in the manner then in vogue, and he
afterward carried on a gents' furnishing busi-
ness at Worcester, Mass., where he died at sixty
years of age. He had married Sarah Hunting-
ton, a native of Hinsdale, Mass., and they were
the parents of three sons, namely: Lewis H.;
A. Huntington, who was officiating as secretary
of the Home Missionary Board of the Congre-
gational denomination at the time of his death,
in New York City, in it^oo; and William T., who
was born in Worthington, Hampshire county,
Mass., January 17, 1821. The last-named re-
ceived his education in public schools and
academies. At an early age he learned the
tanning business and from 1845 to 1868 he
owned and operated a tannery in Massa-
chusetts; for a time, indeed, he had two plants
in active operation. Crossing the continent to
California he traveled for several years, then re-
turned east, and in 1873 again came to the
Pacific coast. With him came his three chil-
dren, Frederick Arthur, Jennie Huntington and
William Billings, of whom the daughter is now
the wife of Rev. F. J. Culver, a Congregational
minister residing in Pasadena. His first wife,
the mother of these children, was Miss Ophelia
Billings, a native of South Deeriield, Mass.
After coming to Pasadena he married Mrs. R.
E. Burnham. who was born in London, Eng-
land, and accompanied her parents to America,
settling in New York. By her marriage to Mr.
Burnham she had two sons, Fred R. and
Howard, the latter being a mining engineer in
the gold fields of Johannesberg, Africa, while tlie
former has a wide reputation for his work as
an explorer into the unknown wilds of Africa
as well as his success in the field of mining en-
gineering.

During the existence of the Whig partv Mr.
Clapp favored its principles and since its dis-
integration he has voted with the Republicans.
In religion he is a Congregationalist. while

fraternally he is a Knight Templar Mason of
the thirty-second degree.

THEODORE E. SCHMIDT. A singularly
appropriate analogv between the past and pres-
ent IS suggested by the fact that Mr. Schmidt
is spending his well-earned retirement in Ana-
heim, for in the very early days of the city's
immaturity he was a prophet of wise foresio-ht
and even suggested the name, which, translated
irom the German means, "the home of Ana"
As his name implies, Mr. Schmidt is of German
ancestry. In his native town of Bielefeldt he
was educated in the public schools, and at a
comparatively early age embarked in the dry-
goods business. This business experience was
supplemented by extensive travel in different
parts of Europe, principallv in France and
Spain, after which he enlisted in the German
army as a private in the Fifteenth Infantry of
fusileers, and for meritorious service was' ad-
vanced to the grade of lieutenant. After an
honorable discharge he came to America in
1848. In the latter part of the same year he
started out to cross Texas and Mexico, and at
Mazatlan boarded a French sailing vessel which
eventually anchored at San Francisco, the en-
tire journey having consumed about seven
months. As a means of livelihood he went to
work m a brickyard, and afterwards became the
proprietor of a bakery establishment which he
conducted for two years. Later he engaged
m the dry goods business. Meantime he
became one of the chief promoters of the Los
Angeles Vineyard Companv, of which he was
the first president and leading director. The
company bought the tract of land upon which
Anaheim is built, and as before stated, the
name of the embryo town was the suggestion
of Mr. Schmidt, two years after the purchase
of the land, in 1857. he located here and en-
gaged in horticulture upon fortv acres of land,
and continued with fair success' until 1871. A
desire to visit the land of his birth was the
natural outgrowth of his success, and he there-
fore spent about a year in Westphalia, and upon
returning to New York was accompanied bv
his brother. _ In New York City he started a
wholesale wine business, his chief object being
the marketing of the Anaheim wines, but hi's
stock also included other brands. From a com-
paratively modest beginning at the foot of
Broadway, on Bowling Green, he was obliged
with the increase of trade to remove to more
commodious quarters on Warren street, where,
under the firm name of the James M. Bell (R:
Co., he managed a thoroughly successful ven-
ture for many years.

In i8q3 Air. Schmidt disposed of his New
York wine interests and removed to \'ineland.
N. J., where he purchased fifty-two acres of land
and engaged in horticulture. 'Hn's property is

830

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

still in his possession, although in 1899 he re-
turned to California, and has since enjoyed a
respite from business cares.

W. P. BARNES. The earliest recollections
of j\Ir. Barnes are associated with the county
of Los Angeles, where he now resides; for, al-
though not a Californian by birth, he was
brought to the state at two years of age and
has witnessed its subsequent growth and de-
velopment. During 1868 his parents settled at
.\zusa, being the ninth family in the valley, and
here he has since made his home, having at this
writing the only real-estate office in the town.
Thoroughly familiar with local values, and pos-
sessing indomitable perseverance and patience,
he is well adapted for the work in which he i.s
engaged and merits a large degree of success.

In'Tarrant county, Tex., Mr. Barnes was
born October 2.=^, 1857, being a son ofLarkin
and Elizabeth (Bohannan) Barnes, natives re-
spectively of Kentucky and Alabama. His
father removed to ]\Iissouri and there met and
married Miss Bohannan, who accompanied him
to Texas in 1847. Securing a tract of fifteen
hundred acres, he became extensively engaged
in the raising of cattle, but, not being entirely
satisfied with the location, he determined to
seek a home on the Pacific coast. Accom-
panied by his family, in 1859 he came to Cali-
fornia and settled at El Monte, where he
bought a ranch of forty acres and another
somewhat larger in size. From El Monte in
1868 he moved to Azusa, where he bought one
hundred and sixty acres and assisted in de-
veloping water. In order to secure irrigation
facilities he built a ditch from San Gabriel
Canon, which supplies all of the water now-
used in Azusa. He died in 1884.

After having completed the studies of the
common schools W. P. Barnes was for some
vears connected with his father in the latter"s
horticultural undertakings, and also farmed in-
dependently for a time. The oncoming of the
boom caused him to devote himself exclusivelv
to the buying and selling of real-estate, and
during those days of high prices and large de-
mand for property he negotiated manv im-
portant sales, representing thousands of dollars.
His advice was constantly sought in matters
pertaining to property values, and strangers in
this section soon learned that his judgment was
to be relied upon. One of his important
transactions was the sale of the Haines tract
of one hundred and sixtv acres, which broueht
the seller $46,000. With the cessation of the
boom there were naturally many dull days for
the real-estate agent, but more recently the rise
in values indicates that the era nf stcadv
nrosperitv has commenced ami i)(.iinancnt
growth pnd nroercss is now nss'ircd.

Tn Los Angeles occurred tjie marriage of

Mr. Barnes to Miss Blanche Hudson, who was
born in Texas and died in California, leaving
an only child, Irene. Mrs. Barnes was a
daughter of T. H. Hudson, a southerner, who
came to California in i88i and for a time re-
sided in Orange county, thence removing to
Azusa, where he has since acquired various
farming interests.

Fraternally Mr. Barnes is connected with the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows. An ad-
herent of the Jacksonian Democracy, he is a
worker in his party's behalf and at this writing
occupies a position on the county central com-
mittee. Besides his home interests, he has out-
side matters claiming attention, among them
being the ownership of two miles in Death
Valley and one at Searchlight, Nev., the latter
having gold and silver ore in paying quantities,
while the former contains valuable deposits of
lead and antimony respectively.

WILLIAM SPROUL. Now engaged in the
livery and transfer business in Santa Barbara.
and known as one of the successful business
men of the town, Mr. Sproul was born in Al-
legheny county. Pa., April 7, 1830, and comes
of an old Pennsylvania family. In the same
state also occurred the birth of his father, Na-
thaniel, a blacksmith, who in 1854 removed to
near Viola, Mercer county. 111., where he en-
gaged in farming and where he died in 1809
at the age of eighty years. The mother, Jane
(McGinnis) Sproul, was also a native of Penn-
sylvania, and died in Illinois. She was of
Scotch descent and was the mother of seven
daughters and three sons, of whom six are liv-
ing, William being third. One son, John, is
now a resident of Los Angeles, Cal.

The education of Mr. Sproul was acquired in
the public schools of Pennsylvania, and at the
winter schools in Mercer county. 111. In 1850
he started across the plains with four horses
and three companions, going along the Platte
river, with Pike's Peak as their destination. On
the way. however, they met some returning
"Peckers" with doleful stories of misplaced
confidence and unrealized dreams, and these
discouraging reports caused the travelers to
proceed to California. At Ash Hollow they
changed their horses for two yoke of oxen and
one cow, and crossed to Wyoming, Sweetwater
and Humboldt, and finally brought up at
Cliippes Flat, Nevada, in August of i8';9. For
a time Mr. Sproul engaged in horticulture near
Marvsville, and then turned his attention to
lumbering, finally starting to raise hogs with
considerable success. Eventually, the brown
cinnamon bear was his undoiu"- as far as hogs
were concerned, and in the fall of tS6o he re-
'iioved to Los .\n<relcs and engaged in teaming.
From t86^ until 1868 he was a stage driver on
the ovorlan<l route between Los .\ngeles and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

833

Santa Barbara, after which he teamed and con-
ducted a transfer business in Santa Barbara.
June 15, 1868, he started the first truck wagon
in the city, and from then on gradually in-
creased his business until he had four wagons
in use. The present livery business is the out-
growth of this first enterprise, and in connec-
tion therewith is conducted a general transfer
business. In 1888 Mr. Sproul built his livery
and transfer barn at No. 516 Anacapa street,
which is 40x112 feet in dimensions. He has
been very successful in his business, and has a
large patronage from the town and surround-
ing country. Other interests have also com-
manded his attention. At one time he built a
soap factory, but this was sold after having
been operated at a loss for two years. He is a
Republican in politics, as are also his sons.
P'ormerly he was a Knight of Pythias.

The marriage of Mr. Sproul and Clara Bal-
enzuela, a native of Santa Clara, Cal., occurred
in Santa Barbara. Mrs. Sproul comes of an
old Spanish family, and is the mother of the
following-named children: Addie, who is Mrs.
Prince, of Los Angeles; William, who is with
his father in the hvery business; Myra, at
home; Alfred, who is with the Southern Pa-
cific Railroad Company; Walter, also with his
father in the livery business; Alvin, who is wuh
the Southern Pacific Railroad; Harry, who is
with his father in business; and Carl.

SAMUEL HILL. That adverse conditions
build up the strong is a truism emphasized in
the life of Samuel Hill, one of the large land
owners and successful ranchers of Ventura
county. A native of Lancashire, he was born
March 21, 181 5, a son of Samuel and Sarah
Hill, who spent their entire lives in England,
and who died at the ages respectively of sixty
and forty years. Their son received his educa-
tion in the public schools of his native land,
and in time prepared himself for the future by
learning the trade of miller, for which he served
as an apprentice for four years. In 1835, when
nineteen years of age, he immigrated to the
United States, landing at Quebec, Canada,
where he lived for a year and a half. He then
located at Dubuque, Iowa, and practiced his
trade for about seven years, and after a short
sojourn in England returned to America in the
days of California gold. Animated by the same
desire which caused thousands to endure the
hardships and dangers of crossing the plains,
he gathered together sixteen men. whom he
agreed to pilot "to the gold fields, with the un-
derstanding that they were to work for him for
a year after being safely conducted thither with-
out present expense to them. The journey was
imdertaken with horse teams and without par-
ticular incident, and at the end Mr. Hill found

himself enriched by experience, but sadly in ar-
rears as to work expected from his companions
in travel, who separated in their respective paths,
and were never more heard from.

The first year in California Mr. Hill wan-
dered around taking inventory of the prospects
for the future, mining and prospecting. At
Spring Hill, the famous quartz mine, named for
Mr. Hill and a spring found on the premises,
he and P. Y. Coal operated the mine, and also
carried a small stock of miners' supplies. After
losing all they had in the world, Mr. Hill
decided to forswear mining forever, and so
located in Amador county, where for sixteen
years he engaged in ranching with considerable
success. So impressed had he become with the
excellent money making chances in California,
that in 1876 he bought his present place of six
thousand and five hundred acres in the Conejo
valley, twenty-five miles east of Ventura. In
partnership with a Mr. Edwards he went into the
sheep business, a hazardous venture, and by the
next year, owing to long continued drought, he
had barely eight hundred left out of the original
nine thousand sheep. As recompense for the
loss he gave up sixteen hundred acres of land,
and at the present time has fifty-six hundred
acres left.

After years of arduous labor Mr. Hill has to
show for his pains one of the finest ranches in -
Southern California, and where once was an
arid desert, are now fields covered with barley,
wheat, and beans. Two thousand acres are
under cultivation, and as a portion of the land
is rented out there is a regular village of barns
and cottages for the tenantry. The water sup-
ply is one of the best in Ventura county, an
inexhaustible supply being piped from the
mountains two miles distant, which is used for
all purposes, and furnishes sufficient to maintain
at least three hundred head of cattle. The home
of Mr. Hill is modern in construction, and con-
venient as to arrangement, water being supplied
to every portion of it by a two hundred and
seventy-five foot pressure. It has also a gas
machine and telephone, the whole constituting
one of the truly delightful California homes.

February 28, 1870, Mr. Hill married Mrs.
Sarah Middleton, widow of Thomas Middleton,
who died in 1864. Mrs. Hill is a native of Coun-
ty Durham, England, and a daughter of George
and INIargaret (Grant) Cooper, both born in
England. By her former marriage Mrs. Hill
had five children: Thomas and .\nthony. who
are living at Redlands; Margaret, who is the
wife of Georsje Worts, of Vacaville, Cal.; .Sarah
L., the wife of William Ratsler. of Be.nu-
mont, and Elizabeth, who is the wife of Joseph
Howard, of Congress, Ariz. In national oolitics
Mr. Hill is a Democrat, but has never devoted
more time to politics than is expected of all
loval citizens. With his wife he is a member

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of the Episcopal Church, and contributes gen
erously towards its maintenance.

JAMES BARKER. The deserved reward
of a well-spent life is an honored retirement
from business, in which to enjoy the fruits of
former toil. After a useful and beneficial
career, ]\Ir. Barker is quietly living at his pleas-
ant home in Pasadena, surrounded by the com-
forts which earnest labor has brought to him.
His residence in California dates from the loth
of October, 1885, just fifty.-seven years from the
day he was born, in Union, JNIe. He was the
eldest child of Israel and Caroline (Nye)
Barker, natives of Maine, and the parents of
one son and one daughter, Eliza Ann. When
these children were still very young the wife
and mother died and subsequently the father
married again, afterward continuing to make
his home m Union, Me., where he followed the
machinist's trade. During the last six years of
his life he was an invalid.

The only part of the year when James Barker
could attend school was during the winter sea-
son, when the snow was so deep that work on
the farm was suspended. At such times he
waded through the drifts to the schoolhouse a
quarter of a mile away. When seventeen years
of age he began an apprenticeship of four years
to the trade of a cabinet-maker, after_ which he
spent a similar period with Frank Rice in the
cariage manufacturing business. His first busi-
ness venture was made at Belmont. Me., where,
with a capital of $1,000, he started a carriage
manufacturing business. So successful was he
that within six years he had sold out the busi-
ness and was the happy possessor of $5,000,
but unfortunately his next enterprise, the manu-
facture of bobbins for cotton mills, was less
successful, and after one year in that business
he sold out. Going to Searsmont, Me., he en-
gaged in the manufacture of carriages for
twentv-two years, meantime accumulating a
neat property. Considerations of heaUh finally
led him to dispose of the factory and seek a
change of climate. After a winter in Los
.A.ngeles, he came to Pasadena, where he has
since built a residence at No. 409 North Los
Robles avenue. During the boom he bought
and sold considerable property and made a neat
little sum, his experience in this respect being
far more satisfactory than that of many people.
In politics he is a Republican, while fraternally
he is connected with the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows and the blue lodge of Masons in
Maine.

In Belmont, Waldo county, Me.. Mr. Barker
married Miss Mari' L. Bicknell, who was born
and reared in that town. Her father, James
Bicknell, for years a farmer of Maine, finally
settled in Lawrence, Mass., and there remained

until his death at eighty-two years. The three
children of Mr. and Mrs. Barker were named
as follows: Herbert E., now deceased; Caroline
Elvira, wife of N. S. Leithed; and James Ed-
mund, an electrician living in El Paso, Tex.
The family enjoy the acquaintance of many
cultured people, and all delight to enjoy the
hospitality for which the family home is known.

N. H. HOSMER. In the quiet but earne.-^t
and conscientious discharge of his duties as a
citizen and horticulturist Mr. Hosmer has
passed the many years of his residence in
Sierra Madre, where he holds a high position
by reason of the recognized value of his citizen-
ship and the unwavering integrity of his char-
acter. The family of which he is a member
ranks, both in paternal and maternal stock,
among the early established residents of the
historic city of Concord, Mass., and in that
town he was bom May 18, 1844. being next
to the oldest child of Nathan S. and Ruth Lee
(Hayward) Hosmer, likewise natives of that
colonial Massachusetts town. His father fol-
lowed the building business throughout all of
his active life and died at Concord when he was
eighty years of age.

In the midst of scenes made famous through
events of the Revolutionary war and through
the later connection therewith of such literary
lights as Emerson, Hawthorne and Miss Alcott,
the boyhood years of N. H. Hosmer were un-
eventfully passed. At the age of seventeen he
was graduated from the high school of Con-
cord, Mass.. after which he began to earn his
own livelihood, his first work being that of
clerk in a grocery. Being of an industrious
and economical disposition, his earnings were
carefully saved and in 1878 were utilized in his
removal to California, at which time he settled
in Florence. He was accompanied by his wife,
whom he had married in 1872 and who had
previously been Miss C. W. Hathom, of Solon,
Me. A residence of a few years in this western
region convinced him of its advantages for
permanent location, and he has since remained
in the state, with the exception of the summer
of 1881, when he visited in Concord. During
the fall of 1881 he settled at Sierra Madre and
bought twenty-six acres, all in brush. Im-
mediately he set about the task of bringing the
land under cultivation, developing from it a fine
ranch of citrus and deciduous fruits. At the
opening of the boom, he laid out the Hosmer
subdivision to Sierra Madre and platted a large
number of lots, disposing of all of his land with
the exception of eight acres, which latter con-
stitutes his home place and is in oranges. Be-
sides the management of his orange orchardhe
is now engaged in promoting his gold mining
interests in the Mojave desert.

During the many years of his residence at

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Sierra Madre Mr. Hosmer has watched with in-
terest the gradual development of this locality,
the redeeming of farms from great stretches of
land covered with brush; the planting of fruit
trees whose generous crops make this indeed a
land of plenty; and the settlement of the farms
by a desirable class of citizens. In politics lie
is a stanch Republican and has for years been
committeeman of this precinct. Fraternally he
belongs to the Knights of Pythias.

SETH C. ARNOLD. By reason of his re-
moval to Southern California in 1885, Mr.
Arnold experienced all the excitement incident
to the boom, as well as the serious depression
that followed, and he is now witnessing the
more substantial era of growth and commercial
activity. Soon after his arrival he opened a
furniture store on the corner of Main and
Fourth streets, Los Angeles, and this he con-
ducted for six years, when he sold out. During
the boom times he bought considerable prop-
erty in Pasadena, but much of this has been
sold. He now owns two lots, 80x400 feet,
where he has erected a neat residence and
planted many English walnut trees, together
with fruits of various kinds.

In Otsego county, N. Y., Mr. Arnold was
born March 21, 1833, being a son of George
M. and Betsey Arnold, natives rspectively 01
Vermont and New York. When a boy his
father settled in Otsego county, N. Y., and
there in time he acquired the ownership of two
hundred acres, forming the family homestead.
The seven children in the family were named as
follows: Joseph C. of Burlin.gton, N. Y. ; Seth
C, of Pasadena, Cal.; David N.. Betsev R.,
Ellen, Otis P. and Edson, all of New York. It
is noteworthy that all of the seven married and
had children. Seth C. supplemented attend-
ance at the public schools by a course in the
Albany (N. Y.) State Normal, from which he
was graduated in 1851, receiving a state certifi-
cate as teacher. For fifteen vears he engaged
in educational work in New York, after which
he was for two years principal of the schools
of Monmouth, 111. Removing to Iowa in i8.s8
he taught for five years in Iowa Falls, after
which he settled on an eighty-acre farm he had
previously purchased. However, in 1865, he
moved back into the city and opened a general
mercantile store, which he conducted for ten
years. During 1875 he moved to ATarshall-
town, Iowa, and bought a stock of furniture,
after which he continued in that business for
ten years, and, on removing to California,
brought his stock of furniture with him. Of
late years he has been retired from business rc-
SDonsibilities, except such as are connected with
the manaerement of his property interests. Fn
various places where he has made his homo
positions of trust have been offered him. but

he has no desire for public life, and, aside from
voting the Republican ticket, takes no part in
politics. In religion he is of Universalist faith.
The marriage of Mr. Arnold and Miss Jeniiie
Wells took place in Iowa Falls, Iowa, Mrs.
Arnold having removed to that city from her
native town of Warsaw, N. Y. Her father,
Joseph Wells, was a stone mason and con-
tractor, and attained advanced years, dying in
Iowa. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Arnold
consists of the following children: Clara, who
is the wife of George Andrews, of Marshall-
town, Iowa; Nellie, Mrs. W. B. MacNider, and
Harry Otis Arnold, of Seattle, Wash.

A. W. ARMSTRONG. The records of the
Armstrong family in America indicate that thev
were early residents of Pennsylvania and main-
tained an active connection with the develop-
ment of that state. From there Dr. Alfred M.
Armstrong removed to Ohio and engaged in
the practice of his profession at Dovlestown.
Sorne years ago he retired from practice, but
he is still remarkably robust for one of ninetv-
two years, and advanced age has not quenched
his interest in movements tending toward the
progress of his state and nation. "His son, Al-
fred C, was bom in Ohio and made railroad-
ing his principal occupation in life, being for
twelve vears purchasing agent for the Lake
Shore Railroad and for four vears holding a
similar position with the Santa Fe. On retiring
from business, he came to California, and sub-
sequently made his home at Altadena until
1893, when he passed from earth's activities.
Four children were born of his marriage to
Mary Warner, a native of Ohio, her father,
Lucius Warner, having removed to that state
from his native citv, Waterbury. Conn. The
Warner family is of remote Scotch extraction.

The second in the family of Alfred C. Arm-
strong was A. W. Armstrong, of Altadena, who
was born in Cleveland. Ohio. April iq, 1861.
It being the desire of his parents that he should
have excellent educational advantages, he was
sent to Brooks Military' Academy in Cleveland.
Ohio, and later became a student in Yale Col-
leee. from which he was graduated in 1882.
Taking up an active business, he selected the
occupation of a marine engineer, and this he
followed for eight vears. principally with the
firm of Harlan & Hollingsworth, of Wilming-
ton, Del. On coming to the Pacific coast in
1801. he bousrht ten acres at Altadena. These
were in seedlings and he at once replanted in
navels, while he also planted seven acres in
lemons. The srrove has become one of great
value, and its thrifty appearance, as well as the
fine quality of its products speak volumes for
the scientific skill of the owner. Besides man-
aging his ranch, he is interested in stocks in
the industrial lino.

836

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

During the residence of :Mr. Armstrong in
Wilmington, Del., he married Miss Effie Eul-
enwider, who was born in Philadelphia, Pa.
The children born of their union are named
as follows: Margaret Owen, Henry Fulenwider,
Alfred Warner, Jr., Mary Warner and
Catherine Gwynne. The family are identified
with All Saints' Episcopal Church, in which
Mr. Armstrong officiates as vestryman. While
in college he was one of the leading members
of the Delta Psi Fraternity. In politics he is
a believer in the principles of Democracy as
viewed by Cleveland and other leading sup-
porters of sound money and free trade. The
office of postmaster of Altadena, to which he
was appointed during the administration of
President Cleveland, is still filled by him with
characteristic zeal and ability. Golf and other
outdoor sports have an ardent friend in Mr.
Armstrong, who has been honored by election
to the office of president of the Country Club of
Pasadena and is now filling the position, his
executive judgment and enthusiasm having
done much to promote the welfare of the club.

COL. CHARLES BENTZONI, U. S. A.
While general history treats of the great events
of the past and records the rise and progress of
governments, biographical history deals rather
with the individuals who make the nation's
history, and the record of army officers is
therefore peculiarly appropriate. Glancing
over the record of Col. Charies Bentzoni, both
when in active service upon the field of battle
and when stationed at frontier posts in time of
peace, it would seem that the words "America
expects every man to do his duty" had become
interwoven with the innermost fibers of his be-
ing. Faithfulness to duty was the watchword
of his whole career as a soldier, and, now in the
twilight of life's long day, as he dwells upon the
past "and reviews his connection with military
affairs, he may feel a just pride in the part that
he has borne in maintaining the honor of his
country among the nations of the world.

In Dantzig^ where he was born October ii.
1830, Charles Bentzoni was reared and edu-
cated. At seventeen years of age he entered
the German army, in which he remained for
seven years, meantime receiving promotion
from the ranks to a non-commissioned officer.
Tn April, 1857, after a voyage of two months
from Liverpool, he arrived in New York City
on the sailing vessel, Thornton, and for a
month remained in the metropolis. May 12. of
the same year, he enlisted as a private in the
regular army, and was stationed on Governor's
Island as an instructor of infantry. January 4,
7861. with two hundred men. he started for
Fort Sumter, on the steamer. Star of the West,
under the orders of General .Scott. January 0.
after the steamer had crossed the bar, it was

fired upon by the batteries of Morris Island and
Fort ]\Ioultrie, and was compelled to return to
New York. These shots were the very first
fired by the Confederates in the Rebellion.

During the latter part of July Colonel Benl-
zoni was assigned as first sergeant of Company
D, Eleventh United States Infantry, a newly
formed regiment. November 20, 1861, he was
appointed second lieutenant, and March 17,
1862, was made first lieutenant. During 1862-
64 he served in the army of the Potomac.
In November, 1864, he was made colonel of
the Fifty-sixth United States Colored Infantry,
and during the two following years commanded
the eastern district of Arkansas. September 30,
1864, he was brevetted captain for gallant and
meritorious services in the battle of Poplar
Spring Church, Va. INIarch 13, 1865, he was
brevetted major and lieutenant-colonel in recog-
nition of his valor in the war. On being
mustered out of the volunteer service. Septem-
ber 15, 1866, he rejoined the Eleventh In-
fantry, as first lieutenant, and subsequently was
appointed a captain in the Fortieth Infantry,
of which General Miles was the first colonel.
His commission as captain dated from Julv
28, 1866. In 1869 the Fortieth United States
Infantry consolidated with the Thirty-ninth,
forming the Twenty-fifth United States In-
fantry. In this Colonel Bentzoni continued
until December 4, 1891, a period of twenty-five
years and six months, wdien he was promoted
to be major in the First Infantry, and with the
latter he continued until he was retired October
II, 1894, by reason of having reached the age
limit. During his long connection with the
Twenty-fifth Infantry he served in the Indian
country from the Gulf of Mexico to the British
Northwestern Territory, and had numerous en-
counters with hostile Indians.

From March, 1867. to April, iSCx), Colonel
Bentzoni was stationed at Fort Macon,
Plymouth. Raleigh and Goldsboro, N. C, and
from there was transferred to Fort Jackson and
St. Philip, La. Subsequently his stations were as
follows: Fort Quitman. Tex., May 17, 1870, to
.\ugust, 1871; commanding at Fort Bliss, May
27, 1871. to June 27, 1872: Fort Quitman. June
20, 1872. to January 5, 1877, as commander of
the post; Fort Clark. Tex.. February 3. 1877,
until May 16. 1877; leave of absence until IMay
I, 1878; commander at Fort St. Felipe, Tex.,
from May i, 1878, until September 5, 1879;
thence transferred to the garrison at Fort
Stockton, a lonelv station about six hundred
miles from the railroad, and in the central part
of Pecos county, Tex,, to reach which con-
sumed his time from the =;th to the 19th of Sep-
tember; Fort Randall, Dak., from .August 2,
1880, until September 4, 1882: on general re-
cruiting service at Bufifalo, N. Y.. from October
4, 1882, until October 12, 1884; in garrison at

WILLIAM C. CROWELL

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Fort Snelling, Minn., from November i, 1884,
to May 18, 1888; in garrison at Fort Shaw,
Mont., from May 21, 1888, until June, 1891;
thence transferred to Fort Buford, N. D.; re-
ceived his majority December 4, 1891, and was
assigned to the First Infantry with station at
Angel Island, San Francisco Bay, Cal., where
he remained until his retirement from active
service. From November, 1894, until August,
1896, he resided in Los Angeles, after whicu
he spent a few months in San Francisco. April
10, 1897, he started upon a trip around the
world, during the course of which he visited
Honolulu, spent six months in Japan, six weeks
in China, two months in India, and two months
in Egypt. He next visited Turkey and
Austria, and afterward traveled in other
European countries. His first wife had died
many years before and while on his tour of the
world he married Mrs. Gertrud Von Schlutter-
bach, whose mother was his first cousin. The
ceremony was solemnized in London, England,
August 26, 1899. Returning to this country,
he landed in New York June 3, 1900, and for
a few months remained in that city, coming
from there to Los Angeles February 11, 1901,
and purchasing the residence at the northwest
corner of Thirtieth and Flower streets which
has since been his home.

In bearing Colonel Bentzoni is a typical
soldier, with a firm, elastic step, an erect car-
riage, and an imposing dignity of manner. His
long years of active service have left few traces
in figure and face, for, with the exception of
impaired eyesight, he retains the strength,
physical robustness and alertness that char-
acterized his army service. Like the majority
of army ofiicers, he is never too weary to enjoy
a good story and a hearty laugh, and like them,
too, he is generous toward those less fortunate
than he in fighting the battles of life.

WILLIAM C. CROWELL. Many years
ago Jonathan Crowell, a native of the Cape
Cod region of Massachusetts, removed to Yar-
mouth, on the bay of Fundy, in Nova Scotia,
where during the brief and fleeting summers
he endeavored to secure from the soil those
products which would sustain his family and
find a ready sale in neighboring markets. He
himself was a descendant of another Jonathan,
who came from England and set up his home at
Cape Cod, where his ship landed. Jonatlian.
son of the Nova Scotian emigrant, was born
on that peninsula, and there spent his entire
life. Next in line of descent was Capt. Wey-
mouth, a native of Yarmouth and for years in
earlier life a sea captain, but now, at seventy
years of age, a tiller of the soil near the bay.
By his marriage to Elizabeth Gavel, a native of
Nova Scotia, he had eleven children, six of

whom are still living, three sons and one
uaugnter navmg tneir nomes m caaiornia. ui
tne sons, uuanes ana vvunam u. resiae m
Jr'asaaena, wane vv eynioutn lives m i^os
^ngeies; tne uaughter, ^Mrs. .vaeime i^rusDy, i:>
a rcsiuent 01 i'asaaena.

m larmouth, i\ova bcotia, William Cham-
berlain L^roweu was Dorn beptemDer 21, itiji.
me aays 01 boyUood ne passed on a larm, on
winch ne worked auring summers, while m the
winter he attended school. Uuring 1869 he
went to Seattle, Wash., where he was an ap-
prentice under his brother, Weymouth. His
leisure hours were given to the study ol archi-
tecture in the Fuget bound Business College,
where he studied tor two years. Loming to
Pasadena in 1894, he took up carpentering, in
the fall of 1895 he went to Guatemala, Central
America, in the capacity of superintendent and
draughtsman for Henry Jones, a large con-
tractor. His sojourn m that region w^as bene-
ficial to him educationally, for he gamed an
excellent knowledge of Spanish. After a year
with Mr. Jones he turned his attention to con-
tracting and architectural work in San Marcos,
Guatemala, and was laying the foundation of
large profits and a successiul business when his
health gave way, through outdoor work in a
climate exceedingly warm and enervating. In
1897 he returned to Pasadena and later spent
six months at his Nova Scotian home, recuper-
ating. Since his return to Pasadena he has en-
gaged in contracting and building, having
built among many other structures the Pasa-
dena ice plant, Tompkins, Hitchings, Coffin,
Dr. A. S. Hoyt and Michael Cudahy's resi-
dences. He was married in Yarmouth, in Au-
gust, 1899, to Miss Iva Mickerson, a former
schoolmate there. They have two children,
Elsie and Ruth. The family are connected with
the First Baptist Church of Pasadena. In
politics Mr. Crowell is a pronounced Repub-
lican, while fraternally he is connected with the
Independent Order of Foresters and the
Benevolent Protective Order of Elks.

WILLIAM H. BULLIS. Since 1880 Mr.
Bullis has considered Tropico his home, al-
though for a few years the acquiring of his
trade kept him elsewhere. As a consequence
of his long residence in this locality he is
familiar with its growth from the early days
of its settlement to the present time and has
been especially interested in experiments made
in order to ascertain the varieties of fruits best
adapted to the soil. In 1890 he went to Salt
Lake City, where he served three years at the
trades of bricklayer and cement finisher and
two years at the' plasterer's trade. Returning
to California in 1895, he has since carried on
business at Tropico as a contractor in plaster,

840

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

brick and cement work, under the firm name of
Bullis & Stine. A large trade lias been built
up that extends throughout the San Fernando
valley. In addition to this business, Mr. Bullis
has improved twenty acres on Third street,
West Glendale, ten acres of which are in fine
qualities of peaches and apricots. The balance
he expects to plant in grapes. The land is
under the Verdugo Canon Water Company,
in which he is financially interested. At one
time he served as a director in the Tropico
Water Company.

As early as 1849 Joseph R. Bullis, grand-
father of William H., sought the possibilities of
California and entered the mines near Hang-
town. His first visit to Southern California
was made about 1867, when he bought a large
tract of land at Lynwood. In time he acquired
several thousand acres of the Tugo tract, where
he engaged in stock-raising, general farming
and dairying. At the time of his death, in July,
1889, he was eighty-nine years of age. During
the forty years of his residence in California
he witnessed many changes and saw the whole
state evolved from a wilderness to a highly im-
proved and thickly settled region. Being him-
self a man of shrewd foresight, he believed
Southern California investments would prove
profitable, and so not only invested personally,
but advised others to do the same. It was
largely as the result of his advice that his
grandson ten years ago bought the twenty
acres he now owns.

On another page of this volume will be
found mention of Philip H., son of Joseph R.
and father of William H. Bullis. Since 188a
he has owned property in the town of Glendale,
but his home is now in Redondo. By his mar-
riage to Henrietta, daughter of William Payne,
there were born five children: Joseph W., a
horticulturist at Alhambra; W. H.; Tessie A.,
Mrs. Stine, of West Glendale; Georgia F., at
home ; and James Allen. William H. was born
in Kent county, Mich., April 4, 1869, and was
brought to California at the age of six months.
His education was obtained mostly at Lynwood,
although he was for a time a student in the
Glendale school. His attractive home on Glen-
dale avenue is presided over by his wife, for-
merly Luella yi. ^Marden, who was born in
Minnesota, came to California in 1880 and
graduated from the Los Angeles State Normal
School. For eight successive years she taught •
the primary department in the Tropico school,
and since 1899 she has served efficiently in
charge of the Tropico postoffice, having been
appointed to this office under President Mc-
Kinley. Both :Mr. and Mrs. Bullis are stanch
adherents of Republican principles, and he has
served as a member of the county central com-
mittee, besides aiding in other ways to promote
the party welfare in his town and county.

JUAN E. CAMARILLO. A visit to the
home of Juan Camarillo, worthy descendant of
that elder Camarillo, whose deeds in the early
days of Ventura county will ever be recalled as
historic mile-posts in the development of the
state which he visited first in 1834, coming
hither from Mexico, where he was born in 1812,
is an occurrence destined to linger long in the
memory of the fortunate one. Upon a portion
of the enormous ranch which he bequeathed
to his sons, Juan E., the younger, who was
born at Ventura in 1870, has erected a home
which for novelty and interest is unexcelled in
the county. With his brother, Adolpho, he was
educated in the grammar school at Ventura,
and with him graduated from the Woodbury
Business College, at Los Angeles. He also
attended for a time the university of Southern
California. After his father's death, December
4, 1880, he lived with his mother in \'entura
until her death in 1898, at the beautiful home
with its memories of the splendid traits of char-
acter which brightened the career of the Mexi-
can emigrant, and which had no superior in
A'entura. Juan E. still owns this home, but to
drown the sorrow occasioned by the departure
of his beloved parent, and to afford occupation
in his now lonely life, he erected the beautiful
ranch house which is now his home, located
about half a mile from that of his brother. This
house is enjoyed by himself and one Oliver B.
Dunn, whom ]^Ir. Camarillo took as a com-
panion from his youth; besides being a com-
panion he is now the foreman of the ranch.
Mr. Dunn is indeed a worthy recipient of his
friend's interest, and it would be difficult to
find a nobler or more congenial companion.

Adjacent to the home is a large and finely
equipped barn, wherein are kept blooded sad-
dle and driving horses, of the good points of
which Mr. Camarillo is an excellent judge. Of
minor importance, however, is the really pala-
tial home of the horses compared with the in-
terest which greets the traveler who secures
admission to the home, with its valuable and
exhaustive collection of Indian rehcs, many of
them the work of tribes now extinct, who car-
ried with them to the happy hunting ground
the secret of the art embodied in their produc-
tions. Now in Ventura county there is but one
Indian woman basket maker, of whom Mr.
Camarillo has an admirable kodak picture, rep-
resenting her outside of her cabin, at work on
the baskets by which she makes a living. .\
particularly interesting relic is that of a man-
tle or mangas, formerly worn by men of high
degree in Spain. It is decorated with a gold
fringed collar, hand made, and has a hole in
the center through which the head is supposed
to project, .\nother cherished souvenir is the
Indian cap of penance, used to designate a red
man who had been guilty of a crime, and to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

841

single him out as miwortliy the notice of his
tribe. It is made in the shape of a fool's cap,
and from the roots of an herb, so finely woven
into a net that it has the appearance of leather.
Also there is included in the collection the first
scales used by the elder Camarillo when he first
opened his store in Santa Barbara, a queer kind
of scales, the old style chimes variety. Many
of the most interesting and important of these
prized reminders of the past are handed down
from the grandfather, who secured them when
he was appointed by Spain commandant of the
mission in San Diego county, which office is
similar to that of governor or superintendent,
and carried with it a large responsibility, and
varied opportunities for good government.

With a due appreciation of their responsibility
as descendants of a noble family, the Camarillo
heirs observe a most delightful hospitality, and
invariably dispense towards strangers as well as
friends those old world considerations and gal-
lantries of manner so intensely admired, yet so
rarely seen, in this country of commercialism
and devotion to the worship of the golden calf.

JOHN B. DAWSON. The rapid growth of
Los Angeles during recent years and the high
character of the architecture adopted for its
public buildings and residences have combined
to attract to this city contractors and builders
of superior skill, conspicuous among whom is
John B. Dawson, of the firm of Dawson & Eld-
ridge. Desiring a larger scope for his activities
than his former home afforded, he established
himself in Los Angeles in 1895 and has since
devoted himself with energy and intelligence to
his chosen occupation. The contracts which
have been filled by himself and partner, S. T.
Eldridge, include some of the most important
in the vicinity, and all have been executed with
dispatch and great care.

A member of an eastern family and a son of
John and Agnes (Porter) Dawson, this citizen
of Los Angeles was born near Rochester, Mon-
roe county, N. Y., April 22, 1859. After having
completed the studies of the local schools, he
took up the carpenter's trade, which he learned
in its every detail while he was still young, and
in addition he studied the builder's and archi-
tectural departments. Even at an early age it
was his ambition to become a successful con-
tractor and builder, and, to aid in the attain-
ment of this end, he acquired a thorough
knowledge of carpentering, seeking the best
employers, so that he might have the benefit of
their successful experience. After some years
as a journeyman he went to Ann Arbor, Mich.,
where he followed the trade for five years. Dur-
ing this time he became interested in military
matters and enlisted in Company A, First Regi-
ment Michigan State Troops, in which he served

for three years and received various promotions
including first-sergeant. While in Ann Arbor
he was also active in fraternal organizations,
particularly the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows, in which he was honored with the offices
of past grand and past chief patriarch. In that
city he was made a J\Iason in Fraternity Lodge
No. 262, F. & A. M., and also belonged to
Washtenaw Chapter No. 6, R. A. M., and Ann
Arbor Commandery No. 13, K. T.

When the boom of the '80s was attracting
many settlers to the Pacific coast, Mr. Dawson
became interested in studying about the west,
with the result that in 1887 he settled in Pasa-
dena. The large amount of building then in
progress rendered his calling a desirable one,
and he immediately found employment as a
foreman of buildings, in addition to which he
also became interested in real estate, and
bought and sold a number of lots. However,
after a year in Pasadena, the cessation of the
boom put an end to improvements, and in 1888
he removed to Santa Cruz, where he began to
take contracts for buildings, among these be-
ing the Santa Cruz County Bank building, the
residences of Capt. W. W. Gray, A. M. John-
son, J. L. C. Stevens, William Rennie, W. D.
Haslam, and many others, also the Capitola ho-
tel at Capitola.

In Santa Cruz Mr. Dawson married Miss
Mamie E. Sutphen, daughter of Judge C. T.
Sutphen, and they made their home in an at-
tractive residence erected by himself. Accom-
panied by his wife and two children, Mildred
Agnes and John Clifford, in 1895 he moved to
Los Angeles, trading his Santa Cruz property
for a deciduous fruit ranch at Boulder creek,
which he still owns. Shortly after settling in
this city he formed a partnership with a well-
known contractor, under the firm title of Daw-
son & Schurz, and they were given contracts
for a number of fine residences in Los Angeles
and Redlands. While in the midst of their ac-
tivities, with much work ahead of them, Mr.
Schurz was bitten by a black spider and lost his
life. They had just accepted a contract to
build the First Methodist Episcopal Church at
Pasadena, which, at a cost of $80,000, was af-
terward completed by Mr. Dawson. After a
time he formed a partnership with S. T. El-
dridge, who is represented elsewhere in this
work. Among their many contracts may be
mentioned those for the $30,000 residence of
Hiram Higgins, the State Normal School addi-
tion, the Twentieth street schoolhouse. with
twelve rooms; the Los Angeles Railroad car-
shops; the First Congregational Church of Los
Angeles, costing $60,000; also the city hall and
jail building at Pasadena. Cal., $40,000.

Having given his attention closely to business
matters, Mr. Dawson has never entered into
the political life of the city, and aside from vot-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ing the Republican ticket takes no part in pub-
lic affairs. In religious views he inclines to-
ward tlie Presbyterian faith, while his wife is
identified with the Episcopal Church. As a citi-
zen he favors all movements for the growth and
upbuilding of Los Angeles, to whose beauty
and attractions he has added not a little by his
work as a builder.

ARTHUR L. CHAFFEE. Surrounding the
dry-goods and clothing business of A. L. Chaf-
fee & Co., of Ventura, there is a tinge of the
historic, a suggestion of hardship in early days,
and of obstacles overcome, rendering possible
the present successful trade. Beyond the fact
that the enterprise is without exception the old-
est of its kind in Southern California and by
far the largest in its line in \'entura county, is
its association with the life of that well-remem-
bered pioneer, Walter Scott Chaffee. This early
settler, who, more than any other in the small
Spanish settlement of San Buenaventura, dis-
pelled with the enthusiasm of his eastern spirit
the old-world traditions of the town, was born
in Peterboro, Madison county, N. Y., February
2, 1834. His father and ancestors were associ-
ated with many of the early struggles of the
country, and during the great slavery excite-
ment the former was instrumental in aiding
many an unfortunate to gain liberty.

At fourteen years of age Walter Scott Chaf-
fee began to clerk in a store in Syracuse, N. Y.
Ten years later he opened a general mercantile
store at Portage City, Wis., but soon he re-
turned to Xew York, and from there went to
Colorado about i860, engaging in mining near
Leadville with Jerome B. Chaffee. The follow-
ing year he came to Ventura, which at the time
had only three American citizens. He started a
farming industry on }vIore's grant and was es-
pecially interested in raising hogs. Six months
later he opened a general store in a small adobe
house, shipping a stock of goods here from San
Francisco by schooner. By 1863 the increase
of trade warranted the erection of the present
brick structure on the corner of Palm and Main
streets. He erected the first frame building in
\'entura county, bringing the lumber from San-
ta Barbara and putting up a house which is
still the family residence and in good condition.
In time he became the instigator of many en-
terprises. Much real estate came into his pos-
session. He owned a ranch of one hundred
acres devoted to walnuts and apricots, and was
one of the first to set out a walnut grove, also
one of the first to resort to irrigation. He was
one of the original incorporators of the Bank
of Ventura. When the town was incorporated
he was appointed by the legislature a member
of the first board of trustees. His courage and
strength of character are best illustrated by the
stand which he took during the Civil war, when,

upon a liberty pole in front of his store, there
waved a United States flag. After a number of
flags had been stolen, he took the precaution to
guard the last one with a shot gun, and this
same flag was the only one south of San Jose
which was placed at half mast when it was
known that Lincoln had been assassinated.

The wife of Walter Scott Chaffee was Re-
becca Nidever, a native of Texas, born in 1846.
Her parents, John and Mary (\'ernon) Nidever,
came to California as early as 1853, ^"^ died in
Santa Barbara county. Mrs. Chaft'ee is still liv-
ing on the homestead. Of her nine children
eight are living, namely: Walter S., who is
secretary of the corporation; John H., who is
cashier of the Ventura Savings Bank; Arthur
Leslie, the subject of this article; Helen, wife
of Willington Wilde, of \'entura; Ethel M.,
wife of M. Mcllhenney, of Los Angeles, Cal.;
Lawrence W., Chester C. and Bessie M. Arthur
Leslie Chaffee was born in \'entura November
22, 1870. He acquired his education in the
public schools and at Heald's Business College
in San Francisco. W'hen sixteen years of age
he entered his father's store and was engaged
in the capacity of bookkeeper. On the death
of his father he became an administrator of the
estate and one of the incorporators of the same,
which includes all the property besides the
store. For some time he continued the business
alone, but in 1900 the firm of A. L. Chaffee &
Co. was incorporated. Possessing excellent
ability as a manager and a keen knowledge of
finance, he is a worthy successor of his father.

The marriage of A. L. Chaft'ee united him
with Eva Solari, who was bom in \'entura and
received her education in Pomona convent near
Pasadena. Her father, Augustino Solari. was a
pioneer merchant of Ventura. By her marriage
two children have been born. Grant Leslie and
Harold Scott. Mr. Chaffee is a Republican in
politics.

J. H. DOBBINGS. Proud of his descent
from a long line of British naval officers, Mr.
Dobbings is equally proud of his citizenship in
the "land of the free," and no native-born son
of the United States is more loyal than he in
allegiance to our government and its institu-
tions. Since September, 1885, he has made his
home in America, and for some years past has
filled with efficiency and faithfulness an impor-
tant position as first assistant engineer at the
Pacific Branch, National Home for Disabled
\*olunteer Soldiers. The machiner\- now in use
at the plant has been put in under his super-
vision, and includes eight boilers, with a ca-
pacity of five hundred horse-power; one engine,
seventy-five, and one engine, twenty-five horse;
one ice machine, of five tons capacity (twenty-
five horse) ; and one eight-ton ice machine, fifty-
horse power.

^2-^J^/..^^<_^^^^^z^,u^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

845

The great-grandfather of Mr. Dobbings was
for years connected with the British navy. The
grandfather, J. G. Dobbings, was an officer in
the British navy untiL sixty-four years of age,
when he was retired after an honorable and ac-
tive career. The father, John, was born in El-
stow, Bedfordshire, England, and in early man-
hood turned his attention to mining. For
twenty-six years he was superintendent of
mines for a large company in England, but
since 1888 he has made his home in Pasadena^
Cal., where he is living retired. He married
Sarah Bell, who was born at Newcastle-on-
Tyne, and died in England in 1874. Her father,
George Bell, was at one time manager of a di-
vision of the Northeastern Railroad in England.

The family of John and Sarah Dobbings com-
prised four daughters and one son, the latter,
J. H., being next to the youngest of the chil^
dren. He was born in Middlesboro, Yorkshire,
England, April 13, 1864, and received his edu-
cation in local schools. At fourteen years of
age he began an apprenticeship to the machin-
ist's trade in Bolckow, \'aughn & Co. (his
father's employers), with whom he continued to
serve for seven years. On the completion of
his time, in September, 1885, he came to Amer-
ica, settling in Des Moines, Iowa, where he
worked at his trade with the Pioneer Coal Com-
pany. The spring of 1886 found him in San
Francisco, where he followed his trade in the
Risdon iron works. From there, in October,
1887, he removed to Pasadena, where he en-
gaged in the retail oil business until 1889, and
then, going to San Diego, was occupied as
chief engineer of the Fourth street cable rail-
way until it was closed down in 1893. Mean-
time he had embraced the first opportunity to
take out naturalization papers and had entered
into full American citizenship in 1890, since
which time lie has taken an active part in local
Republican movements and has worked in the
interests of his party. On leaving San Diego
he became first assistant engineer at the Sol-
diers' Home, which position he has filled since
May, 1893, with credit to himself and satisfac-
tion to those concerned.

During his residence in San Francisco Mr.
Dobbings formed the acquaintance of Miss
Mattie A. Evans, who was born in Concord,
N. H. They were married in San Francisco
and now have a family of two children, Olney
J. and Dorothea Belle. Mrs. Dobbings is a
Presbyterian in religious belief, while Mr. Dob-
bings, having been reared in the Church of
England, finds the Episcopalian faith in accord
with his doctrinal views. He was made a Ma-
son in Silver Gate Lodge. San Diego, and is
now senior warden in the Santa Monica blue
lodge; also a member of Lodge Perfection No.
3, in Los Angeles; and Rosary Croix Chapter
No. 3, K. T., in Los Angeles. For some years

he has been affiliated with the Knights of
Pythias, Uniform Rank, in Santa Monica.
Along the line of his chosen occupation he is
connected with Council No. 4, San Diego, Na-
tional Association ot Stationary Engineers.

ARCHIBALD McNEIL. The owner and
proprietor of the Santa ^laria flour mills, and
known as one of the substantial citizens and
business men of Santa Maria, Mv. McNeil was
born near London, Canada, in 1848. His par-
ents, Peter and Henrietta (Beaton) McNeil,
were natives of Scotland, in which country they
were reared, educated and married. After their
immigration to America they settled near Lon-
don, Canada, where the father engaged in farm-
ing. On his homestead he died in 1875 and his
wife in 1882. They had a family of ten chil-
dren, of whom Archibald was seventh in order
of birth.

A practical home training and an education
acquired in the public schools, supplemented by
learning the trade of miller, were the prepara-
tions with which Mr. McNeil started out to face
the world when twenty-two years of age. He
learned the miller's trade in Napier, Canada,
under James G. Sutherland, and among the
most pleasant recollections of his youth are
those connected with his stay of four years as
a member of the family of Air. and Airs.' Suther-
land. On coming to the States he settled near
Lafayette, Ind., and operated a mill for a year.
He then came to California and for two years
worked in a mill at Chico for General Bidwell.
A later location was at Marysville, this state,
and for nine years he had charge of Governor
Perkins' mill at Oreville. From there he came
to Santa Alaria in 1882, and formed a partner-
ship with John Adams, under the title of
Adams, McNeil & Co. Buying Mr. Popp's mill
at Nepoma, they tore the building down, and
removed the machinery and timbers to Santa
Maria, where the plant was changed from a
burr to a roller mill. The affairs were con-
ducted under the partnership until 1899, when
Mr. AIcNeil became the sole possessor of the
mill property, and now operates it alone. The
present capacity of the mill is sixty barrels a
day, and about all of the mill work for miles
around is taken care of at this enterprising es-
tablishment. The building is located on Ocean
avenue, on the Pacific Coast Railroad tracks
near the depot.

In the town Mr. McNeil has erected a pleas-
ant and comfortable residence on Mill street,
and in addition to his mill and residence prop-
erty o\vns several city lots. He is variously
interested in local afTairs, and is a stockholder
in the new savings bank. Politically a Repub-
lican, he has never been an office seeker, and
entertains liberal ideas regarding tlie election of
candidates to office. Fraternally he is asso-
ciated with the Knights of Pythias, being past

846

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

chancellor of Santa Maria Lodge No. 90, and
No. 46 Uniform Rank K. of P., besides which
he is a charter member of the Santa Maria
Lodge, Independent Order of Foresters. In
1876 he married Margaret Morrison, daughter
of \\'arren and Nancy (Tobin) Morrison, of
Oreville, Cal. Of this union there are four
children, namely: Flora, a graduate of the
Santa Maria high school and the California
State Normal; Edwina and Warren, both high
school graduates, and the latter now a student
in the California State University at Berkeley;
and Margaret, who is attending the local
schools. ^

EDWARD COLTER. While he is thor-
oughly loyal to American institutions and a
typical Californian in enterprise. Mr. Goiter is
a foreigner by birth, being a native of Wurtem-
berg, Germany, where his parents. Gotleib and
Louise Goiter, were also born. His paternal
grandfather, Frederick Goiter, was a fanner by
occupation and belonged to one of the old fami-
lies of the province. In the parental family
there were four sons and two daughters, one
of whom, Paul, lives in San Francisco, while a
sister makes her home in Los Angeles. Ed-
ward, who was the youngest of the six, was
born July 18, 1864, and received his education
in the national schools. At fourteen years of
age he began an apprenticeship to the brewer's
trade in Heilbronn, where he served for two
years. Later locations were in Stuttgart and
Ulm, where he was employed in breweries, and
afterward he traveled throughout the empire, se-
curing employment wherever an opening oc-
curred. In 1883 he was graduated from the
Brewers' school in Munich, after which he
again traveled through Germany as a brewer.

During 1886 Mr. Goiter crossed the ocean
to New York and from there across the con-
tinent traveled to Los Angeles, where he soon
entered the brewery of Maier & Zobelein, ac-
cepting a very humble position. From the first
it was evident that he understood the position,
and his promotion after five months gave him
a position better suited to his abilities, that of
foreman and brewmaster, in which capacity he
has been retained since September i, 1887. His
long continuance m the position proves that
his work has been acceptable to his employers.
During his service the capacity has been re-
peatedly increased, until it is now six times as
great as when he became connected with the
plant, and his position is therefore one of much
greater responsibility than it was ten years
ago. The yeast is manufactured in the brew-
ery, and is the best of its kind, while the other
necessary articles are also as perfect as can
be secured.

The marriage of Mr. Goiter took place in Los
Angeles, his wife being Miss Ida Hensling, who

was born in the government of Stettin, Pom-
erania, Germany, and by whom he has a son,
Edwin F. Among the organizations of which
he is a member are the Turners Society, Sons
of Herman and Los Angeles Lodge No. 42,
F. & A. M., in which latter he was made a
Mason a few years after Los Angeles became
his home.

GEORGE W. HILL, the city treasurer of
Pomona, was bom in Blairsville, Pa., in 1840,
and was reared and educated in the same town.
Although he had gained a knowledge of agri-
culture through his early experience upon a
farm, yet his tastes did not run in that line
and as soon as possible he turned his attention
to other occupations. At the age of twenty-
two years he entered the Pennsylvania Railroad
shops as an assistant, and worked his way up
until he became wreckmaster. At the expira-
tion of seven years he resigned his position in
order to give his attention to the operating of
a planing mill which he with others had pur-
chased. Three years were thus spent, and for
a similar period he conducted a grocery in
Blairsville, later opening a clothing establish-
ment, which he conducted about ten years.

With the hope that a change of climate might
be of benefit to his daughter, in 1887 Mr. Hill
disposed of his property in the east and re-
moved to California. In company with J. W.
Neal he built a plant and engaged in the manu-
facture of iron pipe, of all sizes, for the water
supply throughout this section. The business
was carried on prosperously for two years, but
at the expiration of that time, the demand for
pipe decreasing, the business was sold, and is
now the property of the Southern California
Manufacturing Company, "\\niilc in the hands
of Mr. Hill and Mr. Neal about twenty hands
were employed.

A subsequent enterprise conducted by Mr.
Hill associated with another business man of
Pomona, was the management of a clothing
business, but after four years he disposed of
his interest to his partner. During the second
administration of President Cleveland he was
chosen postmaster o"f Pomona and held the
office for four years. During his incumbency
of the office, in 1894, he established a free de-
livery system in about one-third of the city,
employing three regular and two extra carriers.
In 1899 his party further honored him by elect-
ing him city treasurer and tax collector, in which
capacity he has given faithful and efficient serv-
ice. He is among the local leaders of the Dem-
ocratic party and takes an active part in its
measures and movements. During the Civil
war he enlisted in Company D, Two Hundred
and Sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, and went to
the front, remaining in service until the close
of the war. In later years he was warmly inter-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

847

ested in Grand Army work in Pennsylvania.
By his marriage to Miss Marguerite S. Wilson,
of Blairsville, Pa., he became the father of three
children, but Susan and Rebecca are deceased,
and the only one living is George M., a school
student. The family are connected with the
Methodist Episcopal Church.

FREDERICK J. FISCHER. At the time of
the discovery of gold in California news of the
rich find reached a young German jeweler, John
Fischer, who was then in Brazil. Eager to join
the throng of gold-seekers, he hastened to New
York, and there took passage on a ship for the
Isthmus of Panama, going from there to San
Francisco. During his voyage and after his ar-
rival his plans definitely resolved themselves
into a determination to follow his trade rather
than prospect in the mines. In 1850 he opened
what was one of the first jewelry stores in San
Francisco, his location being on Sutter street,
where he was twice burned out at times of
great fires. The lawlessness reigning on the
coast caused him to throw his influence in with
the vigilance committee in a determination to
establish law and order. At the time that the
colony of Anaheim was first talked of by a num-
ber of prominent Germans in San Francisco,
he became interested in the project, and was
one of the founders of the town, where he car-
ried on a hotel and put out a vineyard of twen-
ty acres. His daughter, born in i860, was the
first child born in the colony. He assisted in the
incorporation of Anaheim, of which he served
as postmaster and also, for several terms, held
oiifice as president of the common council, be-
ing the first to hold that position. Indeed, he
was one of the Republican leaders of the col-
ony, and his influence did much toward for-
warding enterprises favored by his party. Af-
ter having for years conducted a hotel and su-
perintended his vineyard, in 1878 he removed
from Anaheim to Los Angeles, and later filled
the office of deputy county recorder, also
served as city assessor for three terms (one be-
ing an unexpired term). Soon after the expira-
tion of the third term, he died in Los Angeles,
in July, 1894. Fraternally he was connected
with the lodge and encampment of Odd Fel-
lows, as well as with the Veterans' Association
of that order.

In San Francisco, in 1855, John Fischer mar-
ried Julia Hartung, who was born in Hanover,
Germany, and died in Anaheim in 1874. Her
father, Fred Hartung, had a large weaving and
spinning establishment at Goslau, Hanover.
Some years after his daughter, Julia, had
crossed by sailing vessel, around the Horn,
from Germany to San Francisco, he brought
the other members of the family and settled in
San Francisco, later removing to Anaheim,
where he owned a large winer>'. At the age of

eighty-four years he died in Anaheim. There
were si.x children in the family of John and
Julia Fischer and five of these are living, name-
ly: Emily, wife of George Hull, of Los An-
geles; Frederick J., who was born in San Fran-
cisco, May 10, 1858; Anna, Mrs. DeFreese, of
Los Angeles, who was the first child bom in
Anaheim; Mrs. Malvina IMcKennie and Mrs.
Dora Bain, both of Los Angeles.

When the family settled in Anaheim, Fred-
crick J. Fischer was only a year old, hence his
first recollections are of a home in Southern
California. His education was obtained in the
Anaheim schools, of which Prof. J. M. Guinn
was principal. In 1873 he began an apprentice-
ship of four years to the machinist's trade, in
the Cyclops machine works, at San Francisco,
returning to Anaheim at the expiration of his
time, and a year later going to Los Angeles. In
April, 1879, he traveled by team and wagon to
Tucson, Ariz., where he became engineer of an
ice plant that manufactured ice by the ether
process. The capacity was only one ton every
twenty-four hours, and this found at five cents
a pound a ready sale, but, not being sufficient
to supply the demand, ice was also shipped in
from Los Angeles. After two years in Arizona,
he returned to Los Angeles, and for five years
was machinist in the Southern Pacific shops.
For a year he carried on a business as plumber
and gas-fitter, his shop being on what is now San
Fernando street. In 1889 he became chief en-
gineer of the Citizens' Water Works, and when
this company was merged into the Los Angeles
City Water Company, he became chief engi-
neer of the new organization, which position he
has since efficiently filled. The plant has three
engines, with a capacity of eight million gal-
lons of water, and is well equipped with mod-
ern improvements.

A general recognition of Mr. Fischer's ability
as a machinist has brought him prominence
among others in the same line of business. At
this writing he is serving his third term as a
member of the board of examining engineers of
Los Angeles. On the organization of the Los
Angeles Division No. 2, National Association
of Stationary Engineers, he was honored with
the office of president, and is now its treasurer,
also the state deputy national president. For
some years he and his wife (formerly Annie
Martin, and a native of Oregon), with their
daughter, Julia, have owned and occupied a
comfortable residence at No. 429 North Fre-
mont avenue. The nature of his occupation
being such as to leave him httle time to partici-
pate in public afifairs, he has never been a seeker
after ofifice, yet he has held a number of posi-
tions in the Republican party, chief among
these being a member of the city central com-
mittee and deputy city assessor. Fraternally
he is connected with the Modern Woodmen of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

America and Ramona Parlor, Native Sons of
the Golden West.

ROBERT P. ELLIOTT. During the years
of his residence in Santa Alonica, dating from
the fall of 1883, j\Ir. Elliott has been actively
engaged in the building business, and it is
probable that he has erected more buildings
than any other contractor in the city. Equally
important has been his connection with educa-
tional work. From 1894 to 1900 he served on
the school board, being its president five years
of the time, and while occupying the position
he was instrumental in the erection of the high
school and two grammar schools.

Eighteen miles west of Meadville, in Craw-
ford county. Pa., Mr. Elliott was born Novem-
ber 19, 1S40, a descendant of Scotch forefath-
ers. His grandfather. Thomas, a native o!
Crawford county, was a son of John Elliott, who
v\as born in Maryland and became a pioneer of
Vvcstern Pejmsylvania. The father, John Elliott,
Jr., was bom in Crawford county, but in 1853
removed to Green county, Wis., settling near
Monroe. The year 1855 found him in Kan-
sas, where he settled on a farm near what is
now Valley Falls, and there he died in April,
i860. His wife. Mary (Porter) Cowan, was
born in Ireland, of Scotch ancestry, and accom-
panied her father, Robert Porter, to New York
City. Her first husband was an early settler of
Crawford county. Pa. By that union three chil-
dren were born, two now living. One of these,
Henry Cowan, now living near Guthrie, Okla.,
was a lieutenant i\i the First Kansas Infantry
during the Civil war. Of her marriage to John
Elliott, eleven children were born, seven now
living. One son, Washington M. Elliott, who
resides near Chandler, Okla., was a soldier in
the Eleventh Kansas Infantry. Mrs. Elliott
died in Santa Monica, Cal., in 1895, when more
than eighty years of age.

One of the vivid recollections that Robert P.
Elliott has of his boyhood is that of driving
with team and wagon to Kansas. As a farmer
he worked early and late, and no change came
into his life until the Civil war began. In Aug-
ust, 1861, he volunteered in the Fifth Wiscon-
sin Battery of Light Infantry, and was sent to
the front, taking part in the siege of Island No.
10, the siege of Corinth, battles of Perryville,
Murfreesboro, Chattanooga, Chickamauga,
Missionary Ridge, all the engagements in the
Georgia campaign u]i to and including the siege
ol Atlanta, the battles of Jonesboro and Love-
joy Station, the march to the sea with the en-
trance into Savannah, the battles of (ioldsboro,
Averysboro and Bentonville. He took part in
the grand review at Washington, and then re-
turned to Wisconsin, where he was mustered
out June 14, 1865, at Madison. At the time
of his discharge he was serving as sergeant.

Immediately after his return from war be was
married, in Monroe, Wis., to Miss Carrie Will-
iams. They are the parents of eight children:
iMarietta; Mrs. Dora Hathaway, of Santa Mo-
nica; Mrs. Nellie May Shader, of Los Angeles;
Mrs. Edith Pearl Abbott, of Santa Monica;
George P., a carpenter, who has been associated
with his father in the building business; Will-
iam E., Carrie M. and Franklin J.

In 1866 Mr. Elliott settled at Harrisonville,
Mo., and the next year became a farmer near
\'alley Falls, Kans., whence in 1870 he went to
the Pottawatomie reservation and homesteaded
one hundred and sixty acres eighteen miles
north of Wamego. Besides farming he did
considerable work as a carpenter. From Wa-
mego he came to Santa Monica, of which town
his brother, Thomas, had been one of the first
settlers. Among the buildings he has erected
here were those for J. J. Davis, Mr. Howard
and j\Ir. Lewis, also many of the finest resi-
dences here, and the first house built in Saw-
teile. In politics he is a Republican. His mem-
ories of war times are kept fresh through his
association with the Union \'eteran League,
Camp No. 138, at Soldiers' Home.

In closing this sketch mention may appro-
priately be made of the lady who, December 17,
1865, became the wife of Mr. Elliott, and has
ever since been his faithful and devoted help-
mate. Her father, George Williams, was born
in Ovid, N. Y., of Welsh descent, and became
a pioneer of Rock Grove township, Stephenson
county, 111., later settling near Monroe, Wis.,
thence returning to Illinois and New York.
During the Civil war he was a member of the
Fifth Wisconsin Battery. He died in Kansas
in August, 1882, aged sixty-one years. By his
marriage to Mary Hartsough, who was born in
Ovid, N. Y., and died in Los Angeles, Cal., he
had ten children, five of whom are living, Mrs.
Elliott being the fourth. Two of her brothers,
Peter and Levi, were members of the Fifth
Wisconsin Battery and served by the side of
their father at the front. Naturally, she pos-
sesses a deep interest in all matters pertaining
to the war, in which her father, husband and
brothers served with honor, and her interest
finds expression through the activities of the
Women's Relief Corps and the Ladies' Auxil-
iary of the Union ^'eterans' League.

_ JOHN GOFTON FRANKLAND. Among
the families who crossed the ocean from Eng-
land in 1851 was that of Robert J. Frankland.
Some years before he had married Elizabeth
Gofton, daughter of a ship chandler. Accom-
panied by their two children, the younger of
Vshom, John Gofton, was an infant, and taking
with him also his two children by a former mar-
riage, he crossed the Atlantic to Quebec and
settled in Molton, Ontario, where he engaged in

^T»-

.^L

W^i

Af^,/Sca^,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the carriage manufacturing business. Later lo-
cations were at Streetsville and Barry, Ontario,
and he died in tlie latter town. His wife is now
living in Peterboro, Canada. Born of their
marriage were two sons and four daughters,
now living, John G. being the only one of the
number in the States. He was born in Scarbor-
ough, Yorkshire, England, April 9, 1850, and
has no recollection of the voyage of seven
weeks and three days between Hull and Que-
bec. His earliest memories are associated with
Molton and Streetsville, where from a boy he
worked in his father's shop and gained a thor-
ough knowledge of woodworking and carriage-
making. At eighteen years of age he began
to work at the trade in Streetsville, later going
to St. Thomas, where he engaged in contract-
ing and building, and also operated a large
planing mill for the manufacture of sash, doors
and blinds.

The year 1880 found Mr. Frankland in Chi-
cago, where he erected a number of residences.
Three years later he began to follow contracting
at New Rockford, N. D., and at the same time
improved a farm of one hundred and sixty
acres. Among his contracts while in North Da-
kota were those for the courthouse at Carring-
ton and a church at Minnewaukon, besides va-
rious depots on the Northern Pacific line. In
December, 1889, he removed to New What-
com, Wash., where he followed the same oc-
cupation as before. His removal from Wash-
ington to California took place in August, 1893,
since which time he has engaged in contracting
in Los Angeles, being now a member of the
firm of Frankland & Franklin. Among his
contracts in this city are those for the resi-
dences of Lee A. Phillips, on Twenty-eighth
and Severance streets; Mrs. Hahn, on Sever-
ance; W. M. Jack, on Ellendale Place; the
Buchanan house, on Thirty-second street; the
Holterhofif and Erkenbrecher residences; the
large Comnuck and numerous others in va-
rious parts of the city. He is a member of the
Builders Exchange and the Master Builders
-Association. Close participation in and con-
nection with public afifairs have prevented him,
owing to the pressure of business duties, and he
has seldom consented to hold of^ce, although,
while living in North Dakota, he served as jus-
lice of the peace at New Rockford for five
vears, .ind was probate judge of Eddy county
for one term. A member of the Baptist Church,
lie is an earnest worker in his congregation, a
member of its board of deacons and board of
trustees, and a participant in .Sunday-school
work.

In St. Thomas, Canada, Mr. h'rankland mar-
ried Miss Margaret 'I'honijjson, who was born
in Ontario, of .'scotch descent. They are the
parents of five children, namely: Mary Ellena,
wife of Joseph Grayson, of Seattle; Maude Mar-

garet, Mrs. N. D. Bennett, of Los Angeles;
Florence Clayton, Hazel and Pearl at home.

H. C. RUGGLES. The present home of Mr.
Ruggles in Pasadena is far removed from the
home of his ancestors in Maine, and the dis-
tance in miles is not greater than the contrast
in climate between the two — there the long and
dreary winters, here the constant and flower-
laden summers. The founder of the family in
America, Edward Ruggles, great-grandfather
of H. C, came over from England and settled
in Harwich, Mass. His son, Paul, was born
in Harwich, and moved from there to Carmel,
Me. His son, Franklin, was born near Carmel,
that state, and removing to Pennsylvania, took
up the manufacture of rakes there, also fol-
lowed the trade of a mechanic and later en-
gaged in contracting and building. Going to
Kansas in 1875, he settled on a farm near
Lincoln and afterward engaged in raising stock
and general farm products, remaining there
until his death. While in Pennsylvania he mar-
ried Hulda Harding, who was born at Muncie,
Lycoming county. Pa., and is now living in
Kansas. Her father, James Harding, w-as an
Englishman by birth, but for years resided on
a farm in Pennsylvania.

In a family of seven children, all but one of
whom are living, H. C. Ruggles was third in
order of birth and is the only one in California.
A brother, O. E., is a well-known portrait
painter in old Mexico, and another brother,
De.xter L., is a pharmacist in Kansas. H'. C.
was bom in Williamsport, Lycoming county.
Pa., March 11, i860, and at fifteen years of age
accompanied the family to Lincoln, Kans.,
where he assisted on the farm. However, his
tastes did not run along agricultural lines, and
he soon turned to other industries. Before
leaving Pennsylvania he had worked as fireman
in a planing mill and in Kansas he secured em-
ployment in the first steam mill built on the
Saline river at Lincoln Center, holding the
position of engineer there for two years. From
Kansas he went to Denver, Colo., and secured
work as machinist in the shops of the Union
Pacific Railroad. On the completion of the
new shops, on Fortieth street, he was placed in
charge of the steam and electric light plant
there, as chief engineer and electrician. To fit
himself for this work he attended a night
school, where he had special advantages for the
study of electricity.

A visit to California in July of 1895 con-
vinced Mr. Ruggles that the climate of Pasa-
dena had no peer in the United States and he
therefore resigned his position in Denver and
accepted a place as chief engineer and elec-
trician with the Pasadena Electric Light Com-
pany, continuing in that ca])acity imlil January,
ii)Oi, since which time he has l)een chief en-
gineer of the Pasadena Ice Company. In the

852

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

installing of the ice plant he assisted as erecting
engineer, and the excellent work which has al-
ways been secured from the machinery is due
largely to his capable oversight. While filling
the duties of every position with the greatest
fidelity, he has yet found time for original work
of his own, having made improvements on oil
burners and also invented an improved me-
chanism for street lighting. In electricity he is
thoroughly posted and is also an expert
draughtsman. At one time he was trustee of
Los Angeles Lodge, Local No. 2, National As-
sociation of Stationary Engineers, and is still
quite active in this society. Politically he is n
stanch Republican, and fraternally is connected
with the Woodmen of the ^^'orld in Pasadena,
the lodge of Odd Fellows in Denver and the
encampment in Pasadena. While not connected
with any denomination he contributes to the
work of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with
which his wife is identified. He was married
September 8, 1884, in Kansas to Miss Dora
Edwards, who was born in Missouri and re-
moved to Kansas with her father, George Ed-
wards, an extensive farmer and at one time
postmaster at Ackley. The four children born
of their union are, Agnes, Ana, Viola and
Franklin.

F. I. GARDINER. The genealogy of the
family represented by F. I. Gardiner, postmas-
ter at Soldiers' Home, is traced back to North-
umberland, England, whence Arthur Gardiner,
who was a captain of horse, accompanied the
Earl of Essex to Ireland, settling upon a large
grant of land in county Roscommon and Gal-
way. From him descended Patrick Gardiner,
a gentleman farmer and large land owner of
Roscommon. The latter's son, Matthew, was
born in Roscommon, and became an architect
and superintendent of building at Carrick-on-
Shannon, the assize town of county Leitrim,
Connaught, Ireland, where he died. His wife,
Susan, was a daughter of Robert Irwin, a land
owner and prominent citizen of county Leitrim,
whither his ancestors had come from Scotland.

Of the eleven children of jMatthew and Susan
Gardiner, two sons and three daughters are liv-
ing, F. I. being the eldest of these and the only
one in America. He was born on the old home-
stead at Carrick-on-Shannon, June 28, 1836,
and received his education in a private school.
Under an uncle. Francis Gardiner, he served
five years in the wholesale grocery business
in Dublin. About 1857 he crossed the ocean to
New York City and secured employment as
fireman on a steamboat, later working as chief
stoker between New York and Panama, also be-
tween New York and Cuba, and Havre and
Falmouth. By way of Panama, in 1858, he
came to California, alter which he was em-
ployed on steamers out from San Francisco for

two years. Returning to New York in
i860, he continued his seafaring life. Dur-
ing the Civil war he was for two years
under Captain Phillips on the steamer Cor-
win. United States survey, being paid from
the United States treasury, although not an en-
listed sailor. In April, 1864, he enlisted in the
navy and was assigned to the battleship New
Hampshire on its first trip under Commodore
Thatcher. Later he was detailed to the Moni-
tor Passaic as first-class petty officer, and re-
mained in this capacity until jMay 25, 1865,
when he was honorably discharged at Phila-
delphia. While on the Corwin he was engaged
in gunboat duty on the coast, and on the Pas-
saic was principally in the blockade service.

After the close of the war Mr. Gardiner came
on the steamship Nevada through the Straits of
Magellan to San Francisco and for eighteen
months engaged in coasting on the Pacific.
Next he secured a position as conductor on the
street railway in San Francisco, and from that
was promoted to be ticket auditor and then sec-
retary of the omnibus railroad, in which he was
also a stockholder. When the road was sold
he continued with its purchasers for a year as
secretary, and then resigned. In 1886 he came
to Los Angeles and for some years conducted
a dairy business on Grand avenue. A severe
illness caused him to come to the hospital of
the Soldiers' Home for treatment. On his re-
covery he was about to leave, in order to re-
sume business pursuits, but just at this junc-
ture he was, greatly to his own surprise,
tendered an appointment as postmaster, his com-
mission dating March 11, 1892. Under Presi-
dent Cleveland he retained the office, and again,
under President McKinley, received another
commission. During his incumbency of the
position the office has advanced from fourth
class, with perquisites amounting to $115 per
quarter, to third class, with a salary of $1,500 a
year.

While in San Francisco Mr. Gardiner mar-
ried Susan McCourt, who was born in Ennis-
kiilen, the chief town of the inland county of
Fermanagh, Ulster, Ireland. Of their union
there are one son and four daughters, namely:
Robert St. John, who lives in San Francisco;
Emily Jane, a graduate of the Los Angeles high
school and State Normal, and now manager of
Mount Tamalpais hotel; Frances Cora, who is
in Los Angeles; Elizabeth, a graduate of the
Los Angeles State Normal, now employed as a
telegraph operator in that city; and Margaret,
who resides with her mother at Los Angeles.
The family are of the Episcopalian belief. The
]\epublican party has received the stanch sup-
port of jMr. Gardiner ever since he has had the
jirivilegc of voting, and his support of its prin-
ci!)les has lieen enthusiastic and firm. On the
organization of the Uncle Sam Post, G. A. R.,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

853

at Soldiers' Home, he became one of its char-
ter members, and stiU continues active in its
work. Fraternally he is connected with the
Ancient Order of United Workmen and E. Gale
Lodge, !•'. & A. M., in which he was made a
Mason.

CAPT. M. J. DANIELS. Captain Daniels is
intimately associated with a number of enter-
prises that have promoted the progress of
Riverside and the development of its principal
industry, the raising of citrus fruit. His name
is particularly associated with the Orange
Growers Bank and its successor, the Riverside
National Bank, the former organized in 1890,
with himself as president; and the latter ac-
quired, by consolidation, in 1895. He has
served continuously as president of the institu-
tion, and its high standing as a financial con-
cern is largely due to his sagacious manage-
ment and oversight. The capital stock of the
bank is $250,000, with a paid-in capital of
$100,000. Throughout the entire period of its
history, it has maintained a reputation for a
conservative spirit in investments, combined
with enterprise and the highest type of com-
mercial honor.

Since the organization of the Riverside Fruit
Exchange, Captain Daniels has been one of its
chief executive ofBcers, and is, as president,
honored with the confidence and respect of all
members of the association. As one of the
largest orange growers of this vicinity, his
name is one of weight among horticulturist?.
Some years ago he purchased fifty acres in the
frostless belt, above Highgrove, the same form-
ing a part of the Vivianda tract, and this he has
developed and still owns. He is also interested
in the Chase Nursery Company, which owns
one hundred and sixty acres, planted to
oranges, in the Victoria Hill tract; this, with-
out doubt, will in time become one of the most
valuable tracts of fruit land in Southern Cali-
fornia. Since 1893 he has acted as a director
of the Riverside Water Company, and at this
writing officiates as its vice-president.

Both in his old home state of Minnesota and
since coming to CaHfornia, Captain Daniels has
been an active participant in public affairs. As
successor to his father, he was elected to the
state senate of Minnesota in 1882, and his ser-
vice proved so satisfactory to his constituents
that, at the expiration of his term, in 1886, they
re-elected him to the office. During the eight
}ears of his service in the senate, he assisted in
securing the election, as United States senators
from Minnesota, of William Windham, Cush-
man K. Davis and E. B. Washburne. While a
member of the senate, he introduced a high
license bill, which was passed and is still a part
of the state statutes, it lieing considered one of
the uKist practical temperance regulations ever

enacted in any state, as it rids the large cities of
hundreds of grog shops. For six years he was
president of the state lunacy board of Minne-
sota.

During the period of his residence in River-
side, Captain Daniels has supported public
measures of undoubted value to the people of
his vicinity and state. At the time of the ex-
citement over the Dingley tariff bill, in 1897,
he was sent to Washington, by the fruit grow-
ers here, in order to look after the interests of
the horticulturists of California. As chairman
of the committee from this state, he was en-
trusted with great responsibilities, but proved
himself worthy of the high trust reposed in
him. To him may be given credit for the im-
position of a tariiif of one cent a pound on im-
ported citrus fruits, which has been the
salvation of the industry in the west. When
the Jamaica reciprocity treaty was under con-
sideration, the tarifT committee of the state,
realizing that it would work great injury tO' the
fruit industry in our own country, sent him to
Washington, where his efforts succeeded in
preventing its ratification.

REV. ISHAM FUQUA. Before the rail-
road had been built to span the continent from
ocean to ocean, Mr. Fuqua and his family came
to California, traveling from Texas along the
southern route and arriving in Los Angeles in
1853, after a journey of six months. To those
of the present generation accustomed to swift
trips in palace cars furnished with every lux-
ury, it is impossible to comprehend the hard-
ships attending those overland journeys. When
this family started they were equipped with six
yoke of oxen, two cows and a large supply of
provisions, but the Indians stole their oxen
while they were crossing the desert, and they
had but little left when they arrived at the end
of their weary journey.

While his life in California was one of self-
sacrificing devotion to the welfare of others,
Mr. Fuqua was prepared for such work by pre-
vious training. His whole life, indeed, was one
of self-denial. Born in Virginia, reared prin-
cipally in Tennessee, early inured to the hard
task of clearing and improving farm lands, he
gave himself further to helpful work by enter-
ing the local ministry of the Baptist Church.
For ministerial work he was well equipped. His
disposition was noble, his character above re-
proach, his education better than was custom-
ary in those days, and his command of lan-
guage and fluency of speech noteworthy. The
good that he accomplished by his missionary
work it would be mipossible to estimate; only
eternity can reveal this. Feeling that he might
secure success in the newer country of Texas
he removed there and settled on a farm near
Paris, it being his intention to give up niinii-

854

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

terial work. He then brought his family to
CaHfornia and settled ten miles from Los An-
geles, where he resumed preaching. Various
towns had the benefit of his faithful service,
and through his instrumentality Baptist con-
gregations were organized in places where pre-
viously no effort at concentrated religious ef-
fort had been made. Although he purchased
a farm he had but little time to manage it; con-
sequently his wife and children assumed the
management of the land. When his health failed
mider the pressure of his heavy responsibilities,
he removed to Pomona in 1889, purchased prop-
erty, built a business block and a residence, and
was prepared to spend a tranquil old age in this
land of sunshine when, in 1890, he was called
from earth, at the age of seventy-five years.

In 185 1 j\Ir. Fuqua married Mrs. Johanna
(Hathaway) Cross, who was born in Kentucky,
leared in Alissouri, and educated principally in
St. Louis. When eighteen years of age she be-
came the wife of William L. Cross, who died
leaving one son, Thomas J. Cross. A few
years later she was married to Mr. Fuqua, by
whom she had the following children: Dora,
Mrs. Thurman, of Pomona; John, a farmer;
Mary, Airs. Vine, of Los Angeles; Susan, de-
ceased; Benjamin, who lives in Arizona; Jo-
seph, a farmer near Pomona; Serena, Mrs. Hid-
den, of Los Angeles; and William Jepthie, of
Lemon, Cal. Notwithstanding the care of rear-
ing a large family, added to the difficulties of
frontier life and the self-sacrificing work of a
pioneer minister's wife, Mrs. Fuqua bears her
years gracefully, and retains much of the ac-
tivity of middle age, a fact which may be partly
attributed to her habit of always casting off her
burdens and keeping young, and therein lies a
lesson for all.

A. FRY. Alany of the substantial and satis-
factory plastering contracts in the city of Los
Angeles testify to the skill and conscientious
application of A. Fry, one of the expert workers
in his line in Southern California. The family
of which Air. Fry is a member has for many
}ears been associated with Bristol, England,
where he was born December 13, 1858, a son of
Thomas and Ann (Shortman) Fry, the latter a
native of Bristol, and a daughter of John Short-
man, one of tiie city officials of the English
city. The paternal grandfather, Abraham Fry,
proved a splendid architect of his own fortunes,
for, from the lowly ])osition of tow boy on the
Avon river, he rose to be captain of a boat and
eventually part owner of a line of boats plying
between Bristol and London. His son. Thomas,
the father of A. Vr\, was a market gardener
near Bristol, and had a family of five children,
two of whom arc living. Ixitli in America. Of
these, Simon, also a contr.-Kinr, is living in
VVestcrlv, R. I.

It was fortunate that A. Fry was gifted with
push and ambition; for his father's circum-
stances did not permit of many advantages for
his children, and up to the age of twelve years
he had received but six months of schooling.
At that early age he began to look out for him-
self by working at the plasterer's trade, and
started in as scaffold boy, working his way up
tlirough the five years of his apprenticeship,
begun when sixteen years of age. At twenty-
one he had qualified for the most expert work,
and afterward followed the trade for three
years in Bristol.

In 1879 Mr. Fry came to America and worked
for a time in Chicago, eventually traveling
south, and again north, from the Gulf to Can-
ada. He also visited the west and middle west
in search of a desirable location, and finally
landed in Kansas City, Mo., where he found a
position as contractor during the great boom of
that city. He then went to Spokane, Wash., and
in i8c)o to Salt Lake City, finally bringing up
in Portland, Ore. Not exactly satisfied with
the prospects in any of these places, he repaired
to San Francisco and remained a year. In 1893
he came to Los Angeles, which has since been
his home. He has had some of the finest and
most desirabje contract work in the city, in-
cluding the Christian Science Church and Shir-
ley's residence, on Park View and Seventh
street, and has worked up a large and appre-
ciative trade. In addition to his other respon-
sibilities he has been doing the contract plas-
tering, cement and brick work for the Santa
Fe Railroad Company, on their road between
Bakersfield and Seligman. Outside of the city
also there has been a demand for his substan-
tial and reliable work, and at Needles he built
the smelter for the Needles Smelting Company.
Mr. Fry is public spirited in his attitude toward
general aflfairs in Los Angeles, and his prac-
tical assistance may be counted on in an emer-
gency touching the good of the conununity.
He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias in
Chicago, and is a charter member of the Los
Angeles Alaster Plasterers' Association, of
which he has been financial secretarv.

CHARLES S. GILBERT. Though by oc-
cupation a telegraph operator, Air. Gilbert is
now giving his attention to the duties of his
positions as constable of Pomona and deputy
sheriff of San Jose township, which offices he
has filled with satisfaction to all. He is of east-
ern birth and lineage, born in Butler county,
( )hio, in 1864, and there passed the years of
h/oyhood and youth, completing his education
in the high school. At an early age he began
lo learn telegraphy and as soon as he had mas-
tered the science lie secured employment as an
operator. For eight years he was employed
along the line of the Cincinnati, Hamilton &

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.^"rU^^:^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

857

Dayton Railroad, after which he was for five
years in the employ of the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe Railroad Company. In 1887 he was
assigned to the station at Lordsburg, Los An-
geles county, where he remained until 1892.

Having during his residence at Lordsburg
become delighted with the beautiful valley of
Pomona, Mr. Gilbert decided to remain here
permanently. Accordingly he resigned his po-
sition as operator and at once began to identify
himself with local affairs. Soon he was elected
deputy sheriff and constable by the Republican
party and these positions he has since held, by
successive re-elections. It is his aim to discharge
every duty in an exact and conscientious man-
ner, and to uphold and sustain the law in all
its workings. It is the testimony of the people
that he is a fearless and capable officer. In the
various places where he has lived it has been
his custom to identify himself with certam fra-
ternal organizations, and we find him active in
the Independent Order of Foresters, in which
he is now financial secretary and past chief
ranger. Besides being past grand of the lodge
of Odd Fellows, he is a member of the en-
campment and the Rebekahs, in the latter of
which his wife is an active worker. In 1891
he was united in marriage with Miss Sadie Kid-
son, who was born in Boston, Mass., and they
have one son, P. Howard Gilbert.

JOHN A. WHITE. Overlooking the beauti-
ful Santa Clara valley and the towns of Oxnard
and Hueneme, and affording a charming view
of the ocean, stands the homestead of Mr. White,
who in the selection of this ideal spot for a loca-
tion was gT-iided not alone by the beauty of sur-
roundings, but also by the adaptability of the
soil for the raising of certain products. His
ranch comprises three hundred and eighty-five
acres in Aliso Canon, Ventura county, and is
under cultivation to beans, barley and several
varieties of fruit. A number of fine horses may
also be seen on the ranch, for the owner is a
lover of live stock and has been successful in
raising the same.

A pioneer of 1850 in California, Mr. White
was born in Canterbury, Windham county. Conn.,
February 19, 1827. His father. Rev. George S.
White, a native of Bath, England, born April 12,
1784, came to America in iSio and established
his home in Freeport, R. I. Having previously
entered the ministry of the Church of England,
he now became identified with pastoral work in
the Episcopal denomination, holding pastorates
both in Boston and Brooklyn. During the last
twenty years of his useful existence he lived,
retired from ministerial labors, in Canterbury,
Conn., where he died in 1852. aged sixty-eight
years. Before leaving England he married Miss
Warmsley, who was bom in Kent in T785 and
died in Connecticut, March 27, 1867. They were

the parents of nine children, but John A. is the
sole surv'ivor. One of their grandsons, James
White, is a leading publisher of New York City.
A distinguished member of the same family was
Dr. Andrew 'J. White, for many years a resi-
dent of New York City. While visiting in Lon-
don, England, in 1898, his death occurred: the
body was brought back to New York for inter-
ment. A man of charitable disposition, keenly
interested in educational and philanthropic ef-
forts, he was a generous contributor to many of
these movements, and is particularly remembered
owing to his contribution of $150,000 to Yale
College as an endowment.

The grammar and high schools of his native
county furnished John A. White with fair edu-
cational advantages, which have since been sup-
plemented by habits of close observation and
thoughtful reading. When he reached manhood
California was the theme of many conversations
by firesides of evenings, and many a boy, as he
followed his plow all through the long day,
dreamed dreams of the fortunes to be made in
that far El Dorado. Led by the impulse which
drew so many Argonauts v^^estward, he bade
farewell to home and friends at the age of
twenty-three and started via the Isthmus of
Panama for San Francisco, where he landed
September 22, 1850. Going at once to the mines
at Mokelumne Hill he worked there for two
years, after which he returned to San Francisco
and began to handle live stock with James M.
Tice, under the finn name of Tice & White. To
facilitate the raising of stock they secured a
ranch at the mouth of the San Joaquin river near
^Antioch, the property being known as the New
York ranch. There they kept several thousand
head of sheep, hogs and cattle, and, in connec-
tion with the feeding and selling of stock, they
also engaged in the butchering business. Tlie
partnership was dissolved in 1858, after which
Mr. White traded in stock for many years, mean-
time making San Francisco his headquarters. In
1884 he returned to Connecticut to visit the
friends of days gone by, and, on leaving again,
settled in Bexar county, Tex., thirty miles from
San Antonio, where he carried on a general stock
business. In addition, he raised sheep on the
Staked Plains. Selling out in 1891, he came to
Southern California, since which time he has
made his home on his present ranch, in ^'■entura
county, and has given his attention to the de-
velopment and improvement of the property.

Only a pioneer can appreciate the many ex-
periences whicli fell to the lot of Mr. White dur-
ing the '50s in California. The business in
which he engaged, that of stock-raising, was one
of great difficulty by reason of tlie scarcity of
water, the high price of feed, the non-depen-
dence of the ranges, and the presence in the state
of a lawless clement always to be fountl in a
new mining countrv. His travels with slock

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

858

took him all over the western country, through
Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and Ari-
zona. During the Civil war he took contracts to
furnish the government with horses and mules
for cavalry and transportation service. Ever
since he became a voter he has been a believer
in Republican doctrines and has been warmly
interested in politics, although at no time has he
desired the honors of office for himself.

In 1866 Mr. White was united in marriage
with a sister of J. R. Willoughby, whose sketch
appears elsewhere in this work. Two daugh-
ters were bom of their union. The older, Mary
W., is the wife of Major Ogden Rafferty, U. S.
A., now stationed in the Philippines, where his
wife has joined him. The younger, Phoebe Lu-
cretia, married O. T. Fitzpatrick and has three
children, Olivia, John and Mary. The family
reside in Ventura county, where Mr. Fitzpat-
rick owns important interests. He is a native of
Ireland and a son of Rev. Fitzpatrick, of the
Episcopal Church, and Lady Olivia Fitzpatrick.

S. TUSTON ELDRIDGE. Los Angeles is
indebted for some of her substantial buildings
to S. T. Eldridge, who has been identified with
the building interests of the city since 1883.
He was born in Philadelphia, Pa., February 27,
1S60, a son of S. Tuston and Ruth Ann (Pierce)
Eldridge, natives respectively of Bucks county, ^
Pa., and Dover, Del. The grandfather, Jacob, '
was born in England and was an early settler
in Bucks county, where he remained on a farm
until his death. S. Tuston, Sr., was reared on
the home farm and became a hardware mer-
chant in Philadelphia, where for thirty years
he conducted business near the corner of Pine
and Second streets. On selling his hardware
business, he turned his attention to insurance,
and continued to make his home in the Quaker
City until he died. He was a stanch Republi-
can, fraternally was an Odd Fellow, and in re-
ligion affiliated with the Presbyterian Church.
Of his five children, four are living, S. Tuston,
Jr., being the youngest and the only one in
California. He graduated from the Philadel-
phia high school, and at the age of seventeen
began to learn the carpenter's trade in Phila-
delphia, completing the same at Camden, N. J.

During 1880 Mr. Eldridge settled at Albu-
querque, N. M., which was at that time the ter-
minus ol the Santa Fe Railroad. In November
of 1883 he settled in Los Angeles, where he
was at first a foreman with W. O. Burr, and
from 1898 to 1901 was a general contractor.
August I, 1901, he formed a partnership with
John B. Dawson, in the contracting and build-
ing business, under the firm name of Dawson
& Eldridge. The firm have had, among other
contracts, the following: Twentieth street
school, Normal school addition, Los Angeles
Railroad shops. First Congregational Church on

Hope street, residence of H. Higgins on Wilt-
shire Boulevard and Rampart street, and the
new car barns for the Pacific Electric Railroad
Company, two hundred and sixty-four feet
square, and located on the corner of Seventh
street and Central avenue. While in the employ
of Mr. Burr, Mr. Eldridge was foreman on the
Van Nuys Hotel and several large buildings on
Main street. While foreman for INIr. Dewar he
built Los Angeles Railroad barn No. i, 550x110
feet, and remodeled the People's Store.

In Los Angeles Mr. Eldridge married Ada L.
Vosburg, who was born in South Lee, Mass.
He was made a I^Iason in Albuquerque, N. M.,
in 1882, and is now a member of Pentalpha
Lodge No. 202, of Los Angeles, Cal. ; also the
Fraternal Brotherhood. In national politics he
votes with the Republicans. The Builders' Ex-
change and Modern Building Association num-
ber him among their members. He has added
to the prosperity of Los Angeles both by his
skill as a builder and by his business career of
noticeable worth and uprightness.

FRANK GARCELON, M. D. This popular
physician of Pomona descends from an old
eastern family long resident in Maine, and in
Androscoggin county, that state, he was born in
1848, a son of Harris Garcelon. When a boy
he was given the best educational advantages
that the state afforded, and, realizing the price-
less value of a good education, he availed him-
self to the utmost of the opportunities offered
him in Lewiston Falls xA.cademy, Edward Little
Institute and Bowdoin College. After having
graduated in medicine in 1870, he opened an
office at Livermore Falls. To a man of his am-
bitious temperament it is impossible to cease
study with the close of college life, so we find
him a constant and thoughtful, student of medi-
cal journals, an interested witness of important
surgical operations, and a quick appropriator
to himself of such new remedial agencies as
come to his knowledge.

With a desire to identify himself with the
west, in 1880 Dr. Garcelon settled in Abilene,
Kans., where he built up a profitable and ex-
tensive practice. However, the constant re-
minders concerning the splendid climate of Cal-
ifornia and particularly of Pomona, from letters
written by Dr. Brown, a former medical stu-
dent under him. and later a practicing physician
of Pomona, did much toward calling his atten-
tion to the attractions of life near the Pacific
ocean. In order to avail himself of the climatic
advantages of Pomona, he relinquished a large
practice in Kansas and came to this place,
where for a year he practiced with Dr. Brown,
but has since been alone. Besides the man-
agement of his private practice, which has as-
sumed gratifying proportions, he has served ac-
ceptably for six years as health officer of the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

859

city and the county, in which capacity he has
given general satisfaction. In pursuing the noble
calling of medicine he has won laurels for him-
self. Through his studies and reading he keeps
abreast with modern discoveries in the science
and the proper application of the same. The
same ability which has given him prominence
as a physician is always at the service of the
community in which he lives. To the promo-
tion of meritorious enterprises he is a contrib-
utor. In Masonry he is past master of the Blue
Lodge, also past high priest of the Pomona
Chapter and past commander of the Southern
California Commandery. By his marriage to
Eleanor Cofifin, a native of Maine, he has two
children, namely: Plarris, who is a medical stu-
dent in Los Angeles; and Eleanor, who is at-
tending the Pomona schools.

HENRY X. GOETZ. The fact that Mr.
Goetz has made Santa Monica his home since
Alay, 1887, entitles him to a position among
its pioneers, for he came here within a very
few months after the incorporation of the city.
By birth a Canadian, he unites the thrifty traits
of his race with the genial characteristics of
his Irish ancestry and the persevering industry
of his German forefathers. Many years ago his
grandfather, Cassius Goetz, came from Ger-
many to America and settled on a farm in On-
tario, where he died at about eighty years of
age. While the family were crossing the At-
lantic a son was born, whom they named An-
(h-ew. In time this son became a farmer near
the old homestead and still continues in the
same place, but is now retired from active la-
bors. When a young man he married Eliza-
beth Berry, who was born in county Wicklow,
Ireland, and crossed the ocean to Canada at
the age of fourteen years. Born of their union
were eight children, all but one of whom still
survive. One of the sons, John A., resides in
Oxnard, Cal.; another, W. B., is in Los An-
geles; and a third, Henry X., the oldest of the
children, is a contractor and builder in Santa
Monica. He was born on the homestead near
Guelph, Ontario, August 7, 1861, and spent his
boyhood years in alternating farm work with
school studies. Later he learned the carpen-
ter's trade at Walkerville, Canada. In April,
1883, he removed to Victoria, British Colum-
bia, where he engaged in contracting.

On coming to California Mr. Goetz engaged
in the building business at San Francisco. After
eleven months there, in October, 1886, he came
to Los Angeles, and m May of the following
year settled in Santa Monica. Among his con-
tracts may be mentioned those for the Bank
building, a part of the Steer block, North Beach
bathhouse, power house, Presbyterian Church.
Santa Monica hotel, Academy of Holv Name
i^for which he also drew the plans), Lincoln

school, and many elegant residences of Santa
Monica, besides a number in Los Angeles, the
power house in Santa Barbara, etc. He is a
member of the Los Angeles Builders' Ex-
change. His marriage took place in Los An-
geles and united him with Miss Catherine Gen-
evieve Wood, who was born in San Francisco,
her parents and grandfathers having been early
settlers of that city. The children born of their
union are Joseph, Mary and INIilton. The Dem-
ocratic party has a firm supporter in Mr. Goetz,
who has been a member of the county central
committee several years and was also a member
of the first committee of fifty for the reorganiza-
tion of the Democratic party in. the county. As
a local leader of the party he has done much to
promote its welfare and advance its cause. Ac-
tive in the work of the Foresters of America,
at tliis writing he is deputy grand chief ranger
ot the Foresters of his home district, and has
done much to awaken an interest in this order
among the people of this locality.

W. E. KIMMELL. The great brotherhood
of engineers has no more capable addition to its
ranks than W. E. Kimmell, chief in charge of the
engineering department of the cracker and bis-
cuit manufactory of Bishop & Company. Before
coming to Los Angeles in 1892 Mr. Kimmell
had experienced the varying fortunes of the
rancher and business man, and in his chosen oc-
cupation had qualified for any position, however
responsible. At first he was engineer for the
Hughes mill, later was connected in the same
capacity with the high school, and in 1895 was
appointed to his present important post. He
operates an engine with a two hundred pound
boiler capacity.

A native of Flushing, Genesee county, Mich.,
Mr. Kimmell was born December 28, 1853, and
is a son of Rev. S. B. Kimmell, born in Penn-
sylvania, and member of a family long connected
with that state. Rev. Mr. Kimmell, a minister
ill the Methodist Episcopal Church, carried on
his humanitarian work in different parts of Michi-
gan, Detroit. Howell, Holly, Flushing and South
Saginaw being among his principal charges.
After a life of ceaseless activity he came to Soiith-
ern California in 1890, and is now living on a
ranch at Hemet in comparative retirement from
large responsibilities. His wife, formerly Sarah
Freeman, was born at Seville, Medina 'county.
Ohio, a daughter of Rev. Rufus Freeman, a local
clergyman in the Baptist Church at Seville. He
was at one time a large land owner and extensive
agriculturist in Medina county, and organized
the Ohio Farmers' Insurance Conipanv, witli
headquarters at ^^'estfield, Ohio, and of which
enterprise he was president for many years, and
up to the time of his death. Mrs. K'immell, who
is still living, is the mother of four children, of
wlinm W. E. is the oldest.

860

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

The education acquired in the pubHc schools
and during a two years' course at the University
of Michigan, was utiHzed by Mr. Kimmell in
teaching in different parts of Michigan. Upon
removino- to South Dakota, he homesteaded land
near Castleton, and engaged in ranching and
raised stock on a large scale. He also engaged as
a stationary engineer for five years, followmg
which he removed to Melrose. Minn., and en-
gaged in a general merchandise business for
Three years. He afterwards built and operated a
creamery for two years, or until his removal to
Los Angeles in 1892. In Michigan he married
Lillie A. Hood, who was born in Shiawassee
county, that state, and of this union there is one
child, Ernest W.

Mr. Kimmell is not only one of the best engi-
neers on the coast, but he possesses a cultivated
mind, and is well abreast of current events. His
pronounced executive ability has been demon-
strated in many ways, not the least important of
which is in connection with the presidency of the
California Division No. 2, National Association
of Stationary Engineers, of which he is at present
a member of the educational committee. He is
also active in the Epworth League. As a mem-
ber of the official board of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church he exerts an influence for all-around
good, and he is also a teacher in the Sunday-
school.

ROBERT McPHERSON. No name is more
closely connected with the early growth and de-
velopment of Orange county than that of Robert
McPherson. Of Scottish descent, he traces his
ancestry back through the name of McPherson
to the original historic and heroic clan, so con-
spicuous in Scottish life. William McPherson,
his father, in the early part of the eighteenth cen-
tury, moved from Deering, N. H., to New York,
where he was a most successful and prosperous
farmer, and there reared a family of seven chil-
dren.

Robert, the youngest son, was born in Chau-
mont, Jefferson county, N. Y., in 1841, and there
received his education at the Bellville Academy
and Jefferson County Institute. At the age of
seventeen he began teaching school in his home
state, and in i860 came to California, where he
continued his profession of teaching school for a
time, but later associated himself with his broth-
er, Stephen McPherson, in mercantile pursuits in
the northern part of the state. After years of
close observation, and believing in the great pos-
sibilities of the fruit industry, he removed to the
place which afterwards took the name of Mc-
Pherson (named in his honor) then a part of Los
Angeles county, but now Orange county. The
firm of McPherson Bros., of which Robert AIc-
Pherson was the head, secured a large and beau-
tiful tract of land, and engaged in the production,
packing and shipping raisins and other products

of Southern California, in which they were abun-
dantly successful. To facilitate the handling of
these products, the largest packing house in the
state was built and completely equipped, which
became the center of attraction for all who were
interested in the future prospects of the great
fruit industry. The large shipments attracted
the attention of the officials of the Southern Pa-
cific Railroad, who deemed the business worthy
a better outlet. Through Mr. ^McPherson the
railroad negotiated the rights-of-way, terms and
conditions which resulted in the building of the
Tustin Branch of that road.

The name of Robert McPherson is associated
with many of the large and important undertak-
ings of the Pacific Coast. He is known and hon-
ored for his honest dealings and strict integrity,
and the success which has rewarded his efforts
is justly merited. Mr. McPherson is now a resi-
dent of Los Angeles, having moved there to be
nearer the interests that now occupy his attention.
In politics he is a stanch Republican, and while
he has done much for the party, he has never
held office, his business being such as to occupv
his entire attention.

Mrs. McPherson was Ann Jane Goldsworthv,
a daughter of Richard Goldsworthv, an earlv
pioneer. Mr. and Mrs. McPherson 'became the
parents of four children, two daughters, now-
married, and two sons, the youngest, R. E. Mc-
Pherson, now deceased, and A. \v. McPherson,
who now holds a position with the Southern Pa-
cific Railroad at Santa Monica, Cal.

JOSEPH PRETER. The vicinity of Lake
Constance, and the village of Watterdingen,
Baden, Germany, hold many associations con-
nected with the family of P'reter, all of whom
were trusted and honored members of the com-
munity, and identified with the commercial and
agricultural life surrounding the lake. Here
the paternal grandfather, Basil, was born,
reared, and followed his trade of cooper manu-
facturer, and here also Mathias Preter, the
father of Joseph, and his mother, Jenevive
(Kauth) Preter, were born, and spent their lives.
The father had a farm near Lake Constance,
where he lived until his death at the age of
sixty-two years, his wife pre-deceasing him at
the age of forty-seven years. Mathias Preter
was, like his forefathers,' a member of the Cath-
olic Church, and he served his country during
the revolution of 1848.

Of the six children in his father's family Jo-
seph Preter is the only son living and the' only
child in America. He was bom" at Lake Con-
stance March 4, 1859, was reared on the farm
and obtained his education in the public schools.
At the age of fourteen he followed the example
of the other youth in the neighborhood and was
apprenticed to learn a trade, his father's selec-
tion for him being that of cabinet-maker. After

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

a service of two and one-half years he became
a journeyman cabinet-maker, taking his way
through Switzerland, France, and different parts
of Germany, accumulating the while a large fund
of general information by reason of his associ-
ation with the various peoples with whom he
came in contact. In 1880 he immigrated to
America and settled in Hammond, Ind., where
he worked at the carpenter's trade until 1881.
A later field of endeavor was in St. Paul, Minn.,
where he worked at his trade until 1887, locating
thereafter in Los Angeles, Cal., where, after the
expiration of two years, he began contracting
and building. Many residences and buildings
in the town are attributable to his enterprise and
proper understanding of his chosen occupation,
and he hasjiimself a pleasant and comfortable
residence at No. 1109 East Twentieth street.

The marriage of Mr. Preter and Anna Clara
Hutter occurred in St. Paul, Minn., the parents
of Mrs. Preter coming originally from Ohio.
Four children are the result of this union, Ar-
thur Anthony, Marie Lora, Florence Jennie and
Joseph Rudolph. Mr. Preter is a member of
the Master Builders' Association, and is fra-
ternally connected with the Maccabees. In na-
tional politics he is independent.

R. J. CRAIG. The residences and public
buildings erected in Long Beach by R. J. Craig
are not only more numerous than are those at-
tributed to other builders in the town, but much
of his work has a particular significance, in that
it was the very beginning of what has since
proved a prosperous and thoroughly delightful
community. He is therefore the pioneer archi-
tect and builder of the place, and so well has he
wrought that his sennces are in invariable de-
mand, and his reputation extends far beyond the
boundaries of his adopted city. Preceded by
years of practical experience in different parts
of the east he came here in the spring of 1886,
and for years devoted himself exclusively to the
architectural part of his work, but in more re-
cent times has combined building with the exe-
cution of his architectural plans. To enumer-
ate the many structures which have arisen under
his guidance and practical assistance were indeed
a trying task, but some idea may be gained of
his untiring industry by the mention of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, the city hall, the
pavillion on the beach, the Lowe & Bixby, Al-
mind, Campbell and Stafiford blocks, the Park
View Hotel, the Gandn House, the Stafiford resi-
dence and the Bellview Lodge.

The youth of Mr. Craig was uneventfully
passed in Canada, and he was born in Quebec,
April 16, 1848. The paternal great-grandfather
Craig came originally from Scotland and set-
tled ni the North of Ireland to secure more tol-
erance in religious belief, and his son, Andrew,
the paternal grandfather, was the first American

representative, settling near Quebec on his emi-
gration from Ireland. He was a farmer by oc-
cupation, and died in the land of his adoption.
George F. Craig, the father of R. J., was born in
the North of Ireland, and like his father was a
farmer in Canada. When his son, R. J., was
seven years of age he removed to the vicinity of
Guelph, Ontario, and continued to farm, and in
1883 located in Osceola county, Mich., near Reed
City, where he farmed and raised stock up to
the time of his death. He was a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. He married Eliza
Orr, who was born in the North of Ireland and
came to the Province of Quebec with her grand-
father. Mrs. Craig is the mother of twelve
children, ten of whom are living, and although
seventy-five years of age is still enjoying the
best of health. Of the children, two sons are
in Michigan, two in Iowa, one daughter is in
Canada, one in New Mexico, one in Calcutta,
India, and two in Long Beach.

Mr. Craig was educated in the public schools
of Canada, and at the age of nineteen began
teaching school in order to make money for his
higher education. He entered the Victoria Col-
lege and remained for a year, when, owing to
impaired health, he was obliged to relinquish for
the time being further attempts at study. In
orderto make a livelihood he engaged as a book-
keeper, and at the same time began the study of
architecture in Listowell, Ontario, where he re-
mained for five years. In 1878 he removed to
Reed City, Mich., and engaged in architectural
work and in building, and soon worked up a
large trade and did much towards the upbuild-
ing of the town. He put up the Metliodist Epis-
copal Church and many fine residences and pub-
lic buildings, and for eight years made a suc-
cess of a calling for which he was particularly
adapted. In 1886 he located in Ontario, San
Bernardino county, Cal., and continued his
former success as a builder for a short time, but
not being impressed with the prospects of a per-
manent residence there came to Long Beach in
the spring of the same year.

In Reed City, Mich., Mr. Craig married Mar-
tha Hall, a native of the vicinity of Lansing,
Mich., and who died in Ontario, Cal. Of this
union there was one child, Arthur, who is at-
tending the high-school. Since coming to Long
Beach Mr. Craig has married Victoria Ferguson,
a native of Ontario, and of Scotch descent. Four
children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Craig,
Vera, Herbert, Leslie and Gertrude. Mr. Craig
is a Republican in national politics but is not
radical in his belief. He is connected with the
Independent Order of Foresters, and is a mem-
ber of the board of trustees and ex-Sunday
school superintendent of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church. He has won by his admirable citizen-
ship and mastery of his chosen occupation, the
confidence and esteem of the entire community.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

OWEN ^IcALEER. The ^IcAleer family
is one of the oldest in countv Tyrone, Ireland,
where its members have been influential and
prominent as far back as the genealogy can be
traced Owen iMcAleer, Sr., was born in Innis-
killen countv Tvrone, where his father, Nicholas,
was a merch'ant tailor. In early manhood he came
to America and settled on a farm in Ontario, Can-
ada later removing to Youngstown, Ohio, where
he remained until his death. Mary Miller, who
became his wife, was born in Carlisle, England,
and now lives at Youngstown, Ohio. Her father,
Jacob, was the son of Jacob Miller, Sr., a sol-
dier at Waterloo under the Duke of Wellington;
he married a Miss Teague, daughter of a Scotch
nobleman, and afterward made his home in Car-
lisle, England. .

The family of Owen McAleer, Sr., comprised
six sons and two daughters, of whom five sons
are now living. The oldest of the survivors is
Owen, Jr., who was born at Liscard, Canada,
February 3. 1858. When a boy he had no ad-
vantages whatever and his entire attendance at
school did not exceed three months, for he was
obliged to work early and late in order to help
keep the family together. Though he had no
opportunities for himself, he was ambitious for
the other members of the family, and it was
through his efiforts that two of his brothers re-
ceived collegiate educations. Of his four broth-
ers John and Torrence are employed in Youngs-
town, Ohio; Thomas is with his brother Owen
in the Baker iron works, Los Angeles ; and James
is proprietor of a gents' furnishing store at
Youngstown and manager of the St. Louis base
ball team.

When nine years of age Owen McAleer en-
tered the boiler shop of W. B. Pollock & Co.,
where he remained until 1872, and then for three
years was employed in a grocery. Returning to
the boiler works' in 1875, he remained with the
same firm until 1884, when he started the Youngs-
town boiler works. Two years later he sold out
and bought a one-third interest in the boiler and
bridge works at Newtonia, Ohio. Selling out
there in 1888, he came to California, intending to
open a business in Los Angeles, but not finding
an available opening he entered the employ of the
Baker iron works as a boiler manufacturer. Two
months later he went north, but in August Mr.
Baker sent for him to return and take charge
of the boiler department, since which time he has
filled the position of foreman. His long connec-
tion with the plant proves his ability and his
thorough knowledge of the business ; indeed, few
are more familiar than he with all the details
connected with boiler-making. In the spring of
1901 he accepted an appointment as member of
the examining board of stationary engineers, and
he is also connected with Los Angeles Division
No. 2, National Association of Stationary Engi-
neers. In politics he is a firm Republican, a

thorough believer in party principles. If he has
any hobby besides that in connection with his
special occupation, it is his love for fine horses,
and he confesses to a weakness for standard-bred
equines, of which he owns a number himself.

The McAleer residence, at No. 236 North ave-
nue 23, is presided over by Mrs. JMcAleer, who
was formerly Gertrude iMullally and was born in
Covington, 'Ky., her father, Richard Mullally,
being at this writing manager of Fuller's whole-
sale salt business.

SAMUEL A. MARCHANT. The propor-
tion of English-born residents of Southern Cali-
fornia is not large, but their activity and success
in horticultural pursuits are everywhere ac-
knowledged. Among their number is Mr. Mar-
chant, who has made his home in Tustin since
1894 and owns a ranch of seventeen acres, under
cultivation to walnuts and apricots. He was born
in Brighton, England, September 27, 1835, being
a son of William and Elizabeth (Elphick) Mar-
chant, lifelong residents of England. By occupa-
tion his father was a miller, while his maternal
grandfather, Joseph Elphick, was a merchant
tailor.

The next to the youngest among seven children
and the only survivor of the entire family, Samuel
A. Marchant was reared in Brighton, and re-
ceived a fair grammar-school education. From
the age of thirteen until eighteen he worked at the
printer's trade. On the 4th of July, 1853, he left
home for the new world, embarking on the City
of Manchester at Liverpool and arriving in Phil-
adelphia after a voyage of seventeen days. His
point of destination was Ripley, Ohio, where his
brother, William, was engaged in the milling bus-
iness. He learned the trade under his brother
and then proceeded to Georgetown, Ohio, where
he operated a mill. Later he was similarly occu-
pied near Hillsboro in Highland county. In
1856 he married Miss Harriet Huggins and then
settled upon a farm, where he remained a few
years. Changing his location to Illinois in 1859,
he settled in Vermilion county, near Hoopeston,
where he bought a raw tract of prairie land, com-
prising one hundred and sixty acres. This he
broke and improved and afterward sold at a fair
profit. Another tract was then purchased, placed
under cultivation and sold. In 1872 he removed
to Des Moines county, Iowa, and purchased two
hundred and sixty acres near Danville, where he
carried on general farm pursuits, also raised
stock, and operated a dairy and cheese factory,
making a specialty of the manufacture of full
cream cheese. From low'a he came to California
and has since made his home in Tustin.

The first wife of Mr. Marchant was bom in
Ohio and died in Illinois. Of that union seven
children were bom, five of w-hom attained ma-
ture years, namely : Mrs. Lizzie Shellenberger, of
Santa .'\na ; Ira Lincoln, a farmer at Tustin ;

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

865

John, who died in Iowa at the age of twent}--
two years; Silas, a merchant in Pasadena, and
Dora, who died in Iowa. The second marriage
of Mr. Marchant was solemnized in Iowa and
united him with Sarah Turner, who was born in
Indiana. They became the parents of two chil-
dren, but only one, Grace D., is now living. Po-
litically Mr. Marchant is a believer in Republican
principles. He is an active worker in Immanuel
Baptist Church of Santa Ana, and officiates as a
deacon in the same. All movements for the bene-
fit of the county receive his support, especially
such as are for the development of the horticul-
tural resources or the irrigation facilities on
which success so largely depends. The Southern
California Walnut Growers' Association numbers
him among their members, and he has maintained
an interest in the progress of this organization.

FRED MEIER. One of the capable and
promising builders of Los Angeles is Fred Meier,
whose thorough understanding of his interesting
and ever broadening occupation has resulted in
lasting benefit to the city of his adoption. If no
other illustration of his masterful handling were
forthcoming, St. Joseph's Church, now approach-
ing completion, one of the truly fine samples of
ecclesiastical architecture in Southern California,
would stand as a monument to his harmonious
conception of unity, appropriateness, and extreme
beauty. The parish house connected with the
church is also the work of Mr. Meier, and in no
way detracts from the composition as a whole.

The youth of Mr. Meier was spent in the town
of Marne, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, where
he was born May 9, 1865, a son of John and
Wepke (Haase) Meier, natives of the same prov-
ince. The father was superintendent of public
highways in his localit}', and filled this responsi-
ble position for about twenty years. In 1887 he
came to America and settled upon a farm near
Glencoe, Minn., where his death eventually oc-
curred. There were nine children born to him-
self and wife, eight of whom attained maturity,
Fred Meier being the fourth, and the only one in
America.

When seventeen years of age Mr. Meier came
to America with his brother Peter, and upon his
arrival in Chicago in 1882, began at once to learn
the carpenter's trade. At the end of eighteen
months he removed to Will county, 111., and
worked for nine months, and then settled in Glen-
coe, Clark county, Minn., and worked at his trade
until 1887. A fitting field of activity seemed to
present itself in Tacoma, Wash., whither he re-
moved from Minnesota in 1887 and remained un-
til 1893, at which time his fortunes were shifted
to Los Angeles,' and he worked at his trade and
also became foreman for the Mechanic mills. In
January of 1901 he began contracting and build-
ing, and his successful start argues well for con-
tinued appreciation in the future.

While living in Glencoe, Minn., Mr. Meier
married Martha Fritz, a native of Danzig, Ger-
many, and of this union there are five children,
John, Kate, Louis, Edward and Mary. Mr.
Meier is a Democrat in national politics, and is a
member of St. Joseph's Catholic Church, and St.
Joseph's Society. He is a man of high ideals
other than those which enter into his occupation,
and his many sterling personal qualities have
won for him' the high regard of all with whom
he has been associated.

J. A. MERMILLIOD. There are few parts
of the world which have not been visited by J.
A. Mermilliod, either in his capacity as an en-
gineer in the French navy, or as an expert sta-
tionary engineer. Up to the time of his incum-
bency as chief engineer of the Ice and Cold Stor-
age Company's plant at Los Angeles in April of
1901,^ his life had been extremely varied, and his
association with every department of his favorite
occupation so extensive that he is entitled to the
enviable reputation of being one of the finest en-
gineers on the coast.

_ A native of Fontainbleau, France, Mr. Mermil-
liod was born August 10, 1865, a son of Capt.
Anthony Mermilliod, one of the most seasoned
salts that ever mastered a vessel. Capt. An-
thony was bom in Geneva, Switzerland, and as
master of a vessel in the merchant marine visited
many ports and many seas. He was subsequently
a navigator in the French navy, and participated
in the Crimean war. His wife, formerly Julia
Robineaux, was born in Macon, France, and at
present lives in Geneva, Switzerland. She is the
mother of five children, all of whom are living, J.
A. being the only one in America. In his youth
Mr. Mermilliod received the advantages of a
thorough French training in the public schools,
later graduating from the Polytechnic school in
Zurich, Switzerland, one of the finest institutions
of its kind in the world. Owing to his father's
example he naturally became interested in mari-
time aflfairs, and when seventeen years of age en-
tered the French navy as an engineer. During
the three years of his service he went all over the
world, and in his travels rounded Cape Horn
four times and sailed through the Suez canal four
times. In 1886 he was honorably discharged,
and in December of the same year came to Amer-
ica and landed in New Orleans, where he was
employed as machinist and draughtsman in a
sugar refinery and sugar house works. With the
termination of this position began a series of trav-
els throughout the country, resulting from his
position as erecting engineer for the Cincinnati
Ice Machine Company, with whom he remained
for five years, and in whose interests he visited
thirt.v-two states and territories. He was later
employed by the American Cotton Oil Companv
as supervising engineer of their mill in Missis-
sippi, and still later was with the Illinois Central

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Railroad for a few years. In Vicksburg, Miss.,
and Wilkesbarre he worked as an expert ma-
chinist and renovated ice plants, and accom-
plished the same good results in Rio Janeiro,
Brazil. In the meantime he had been a corre-
spondent for the Chicago Ice and Refrigeration,
and still contributes readable and instructive arti-
cles to this periodical.

In April of iqoi Mr. ^Mermilliod came to Los
Angeles upon the recommendation of the above
mentioned Chicago people, and has since been
chief engineer of the Ice and Cold Storage Com-
pany's plant, which is the largest enterprise of the
kind west of Kansas City. The plant has a capac-
ity of one million cubic feet cold storage, and
manufactures one hundred and forty tons of ice
a day.

In Vicksburg, Miss., J\Ir. Alermilliod married
Alice Moguin, a native of Vicksburg, and of this
union there is one son, Warren. Mr. INIemiil-
liod is a broad-minded liberal man, and is won-
derfully well posted on affairs in ever\^ part of
the world. A keen power of obsen-ation and the
intelligence to assimilate his acquired knowledge,
renders him a most interesting companion and
entertainer. He is a member of the National
Association of Stationary Engineers, California
Lodge No. 2.

J. W. MORRISON. The earliest memories
of Mr. Morrison are connected with his child-
hood home on Prince Edward Island, Canada,
where he was bom in the vicinity of Charlotte-
town, December 23, 1858. His father, John,
was a native of the same northern island, and
his grandfather. Hector, was born on the Isle of
Muil, Scotland, and in time became a farmer on
Prince Edward Island. John Morrison was a
magistrate, a clerk of the courts, and served in
various official capacities, his active life cover-
ing a period of more than seventy years. He
was a Presbyterian, and was a cousin of David
Livingstone, the great explorer. He married
Elizabeth Smith, daughter of Andrew Smith, a
native of Inverness, Scotland, and, after emi-
grating to America, a farmer on Prince Ed-
ward Island. Airs. Morrison, who died on
Prince Edward Island, was the mother of seven
children, all of whom are living, J. W. being
the youngest. Of the other children, Alexander
is in San Francisco; H. J. and Andrew are in
Portland, Ore.; and Laughlin is living on the
old homestead in Canada. Two sisters also are
in Canada.

On his father's farm in the east J. W. Morri-
son was reared to man's estate, and was edu-
cated in the public schools. As an aid to the
future he learned the trade of carpenter, and in
1882 removed to Portland, Ore., where his
brothers were prominent builders and con-
tractors. In 1884 he began a nine years' resi-
dence in Taconia, Wash., where he built many

residences and public buildings, and superin-
tended the erection of the city hall, and put up
the Grand Pacific hotel. In 1893 he located
in Los Angeles and engaged in contracting and
building, and among his most creditable ac-
complishments may be mentioned the Fremont
Hotel, on Fourth and Olive streets; the Ports-
mouth, on Hill street; the three-story brick
Nateck hotel, and many residences. He also
erected many buildings in Santa Monica. In
the fall of 1897 Mr. Morrison sought the quicker
way to wealth supposed to await the industrious
in the Klondyke, and, strange to tell, his ex-
periences were by no means discouraging. Af-
ter a year he returned to Los Angeles, and in
1899 substantiated his faith in the frozen north
by again seeking to wrest from the earth its
hidden treasures, a quest unusually successful,
and prolific of a decidedly agreeable impression
of a country that to the majority represents
disaster and intense suffering. Upon his return
to Los Angeles, Mr. Morrison again took up
ills former occupation of building, and it is no
exaggeration to say that he is not excelled in
his line in the city.

The marriage of Mr. Morrison and Jessie
Fraser occurred in Tacoma, W^ash., Mrs. Mor-
rison being a native of Nova Scotia, and a de-
scendant of an old Scotch family. To Mr. and
Mrs. Morrison have been bom two children,
Bessie and Lloyd Fraser. Mr. Morrison is a
stanch Republican. Fraternally he is connected
with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
the Encampment, and the Ancient Order
United Workmen. With his family he at-
tends the Presbyterian Church.

A. NIEMEYER, proprietor of the Central
Avenue winery, the Los Angeles depot for the
Eagle Rock vineyards at Verdugo, was born at
Guttenberg, Clayton county, Iowa, April i,
1868. His father, Henry Bernard, was bom in
Prussia, and was a tailor by trade in his native
land. When twenty-three years of age he came
to Cincinnati, and later removed to Gutten-
berg, where he engaged in a general merchan-
dise and tailoring business, until his removal
to Los Angeles in 1873. He purchased ten
acres of land on Central avenue from Ninth to
Twelfth streets and started a horticultural and
wine-making business. In 1883 he bought the
present site of the Eagle Rock vineyards; set
out his vines and got things started. His manu-
factory in the city had been placed on a paying
basis when he was killed by the cars, Septem-
ber 30, 1891. His wife, RIary Ann (Weber)
Niemeyer, was born near Munich, Germany,
and came with her parents to Cincinnati, Ohio,
later removing to Clayton county, Iowa, of
which they were pioneers. Mrs. Niemeyer,
who is still living, is the mother of four children,
two sons and two daughters.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

869

When his father removed to California Mr.
Niemeyer was but five years of age, and his
education was therefore acquired in his adopted
city of Los Angeles. He attended the public
schools and St. Vincent's College, and from
earliest childhood began to learn all about the
growing of grapes and the making of wine. He
eventually assisted his father in the conduct of
his business, and in 1890 became sole manager
of the enterprise. Until 1900 he lived at the
Eagle Rock vineyards, and then removed into
Los Angeles, turning over the care of the vine-
yards to his mother. He still utilizes the grapes
from the forty acres comprising the vineyard,
and in all uses the product of about a hundred
acres. In the city he has a fine wine cellar, also
the lots on which are built his winery and
other buildings on the corner of Eleventh street
and Central avenue, and which principal build-
ing is 46x105 feet in dimensions. A large re-
tail and wholesale business is carried on suc-
cessfully, and Mr. Niemeyer is also agent for
the East Side Brewmg Company.

The marriage of Mr. Niemeyer and Mary
Cecilia Maxey was solemnized in Los Angeles,
Mrs. Niemeyer being a native of Denver, Colo.,
and a daughter of J. J. Maxey, a capitalist of
Denver and Los Angeles. Six children have
been born to Mr. and Mrs. Niemeyer, viz.: A
J. W., Bernard E., Mary C, Zeno W., Lorenzo
and Henry James. Mr. Niemeyer is indepen-
dent in politics, and is a member of St. Joseph's
Catholic Church.

ALFRED DOLGE. Many and varied have
been the experiences that have given individual-
ity and prominence to the career of Alfred Dolge,
who is now engaged in the wholesale wine busi-
ness at No. 829 South Spring street, Los An-
geles. He was born in Chemnitz, Saxony, De-
cember 22, 1848. At the age of thirteen he en-
tered the piano factory of A. Dolge & Co., the
president of this being his father, August Dolge.
At the age of seventeen he crossed the ocean to
New York, where he completed his studies in
piano construction. Meantime he was making
a thorough study of the business, during the
course of which he found that the hammer
leather made in the United States was far in-
ferior to that manufactured in Germany. Be-
lieving he could dispose of the better article, he
ordered a small shipment and immediately sold
the same at a profit of several hundred dollars,
this forming his first capital. Afterward he or-
dered constantly increasing consignments. At the
same time, having proved the superiority of
Poehlmann's wire to the Rollason wire, he began
to import the same. In 1871 he organized the
Eagle Felt Company, who began business with
a single bale of wool in a small loft in Brooklyn.
Discoura;ging failures followed the first experi-
ments and the partners withdrew. However, the

enterprising young German continued undis-
mayed and finally succeeded in producing" a su-
perior quality of felt. In less than two years
after purchasing his first bale of wool he was
making a better quality of felt than had been
manufactured in Europe up to that time : real-
izing this, he determined to make 'an exhibition
of his hammer felt at the Vienna Exposition of
1873. Six weeks after the opening of the fair
he reached Vienna, but found his shipment of
felt had been broken open and the contents bad!}-
damaged by water and dirt. By the time he had
his felts in position the judges had finished their
labors, but he persuaded them to examine his
exhibit, and the result was that he received the
first prize, a medal and a diploma. The Vienna
award was followed by the receipts of large or-
ders from the piano manufacturers of Europe,
which rendered an enlargement of the factory
necessary.

Finding a suitable location at Brockett's
Bridge, two hundred miles from New York, he
purchased a factory site and in 1874 established
a factory there, but retained his New York store.
At the Centennial in 1876 he received two medals
and a diploma. About this time he built a sec-
ond factor}-, for the manufacture of sounding-
boards. In 1882 large granite felt mills were
erected, all the materials used for the same being
taken from neighboring quarries and forests. In
1883 he began the manufacture of felt shoes,
which business was later sold to the Daniel Green
Shoe Company. By the request of the villagers,
in 1882 the name of Brockett's Bridge was
changed to Dolgeville, in honor of the man to
whom the prosperity of the town was due. Not
only had he built factories there, but school -
houses as well, and one of the schools was largely
supported by his private contributions. Two
large parks were presented by him to the village
and he maintained all expense connected with the
same. The academy and free library were built
by him, and he advanced to the Turn Verein
$40,000, with which to erect a Turner Hall, with
gymnasiums theater, banquet halls, etc. Never
once were the factories closed until the financial
depression of 1893-94, when they were shut
down for three months; on starting up again,
new tarilT conditions made a new standard of
business operations and wages necessary, al-
though even then they were higher than those
paid for similar work anywhere in America or
Europe.

Many pages might be filled with a recital of
the good Mr. Dolge accomplished in working
among his employes, in seeing that they received
wages enough to live on comfortably, and in pro-
moting their welfare in every way possible, but
suffice it to say that he has ever been a friend
of labor, and has cherished the belief that event-
ually manufacturers will make their employes
partners in their business. When the disaster

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

came to him that left him with absolutely noth-
ing, he did not allow the heavy misfortune to
embitter him nor the deceit of some to engender
in his mind a distrust for all ; but has come to
his new surroundings and his new work with
energA-, hopefulness and the same broad mental
equipments which won him success in former
years.

ERNST DOLGE. Overlooking Pasadena, in
the foothills of the San Gabriel valley, lies Fair
Oaks ranch, of which Ernst Dolge is the capable
superintendent. The history of this place is car-
ried back to the days before the Civil war, when
its owner was the gallant general, Albert Sidney
Johnston. Later it became the property of J._ F.
Crank, who erected thereon a mansion costing
$35,000 and made other improvements of great
value. At a subsequent period it was cultivated
and pccupied by Alfred Dolge, fonnerly of New
York, and when he removed to Los Angeles, No-
vember I, 1901, the owners of Fair Oaks ap-
pointed his son, Ernst, to take charge of the
three hundred acres comprising the tract.
Among the ranches of California this is one of
the best known, and tourists from the east con-
stantly visit it in order to see the beauties of
which they have often heard. In climate and
location the estate is ideal. With an elevation
of twelve hundred feet, it lies to the west of San
Jacinto mountains, while on the south may be
seen the ocean with Catalina island in the dis-
tance, and on the west and north may be seen
the snowy caps of the mountains. The land hav-
ino- a gradual slope receives excellent natural
drainage, while the fertiHty of the soil insures
gratifying crops. On the ranch are almost four
Thousand citrus trees, these being Washington
navels, Thompson improved navels, Mediterra-
nean sweets, Australian navels and seedlings.
Recently the eight hundred lemon trees have
come into bearing, with excellent promises for
future returns. In the vineyards are one hun-
dred and nineteen thousand vines, producing as
high as five hundred and fifty tons of grapes in
a single season, the varieties being Blue Elbe.
Mission. Muscat. Malvoisie, Zinfandel, Trous-
seau and Rose of Peru. There are one hundred
and seventy-five olive trees, and one hundred de-
ciduous trees for home use. Fifty acres are in
citrus trees, one hundred and forty-seven in vine-
yards, one hundred in grain, the balance being
utilized for lawns surrounding the residence.
Water is supplied by the Precipice Canon Water
Company and accumulates in a reservoir of six
hundred thousand gallons capacity, for use in
orchards and vineyards, while another reservoir
provides water for the house, bams and garden.

The high degree of cultivation established by
former superintendents has been maintained and
even advanced under the administration of the
present manager, Mr. Dolge, who is an enter-

prising, intelligent and resourceful young man.
He was born in New York City in 1880 and was
given every advantage which the large wealth of
the family rendered possible, but, while prepar-
ing for Cornell University, his father, Alfred
Dolge, was robbed of his vast property through
the cunning and dishonesty of other parties.
Thrown thus suddenly and unexpectedly upon
his own resources, the disaster developed the
fine qualities which he possessed and which, oth-
erwise, might have laid dormant. At first he
taught school in Stratford, N. Y., but in Sep-
tember, 1899, he came to California, joining his
father at Fair Oaks ranch. Up to that time he
had never been on a farm nor had he felt any
interest in agriculture or horticulture, but he at
once began to study these sciences, and took cor-
respondence courses in the same, also in the cul-
ture of vines. Evers- book pertaining to this sub-
ject he read with eagerness, often spending long
hours at night in study after the day's work had
been ended. In this way he acquired the best
ideas of the most successful workers in the varied
fields of activity, and these researches have
proved of inestimable value to him in his prac-
tical experience. Frequently he has been called
upon to prepare articles for publication bearing
on those topics in which he is most deeply inter-
ested, and horticulturists who have for years
made a study of the occupation speak with the
highest respect of his broad information and ex-
cellent ideas concerning horticulture. In the
work of the Pasadena Farmers' Club he main-
tains an interest, as he does in all those organiza-
tions that benefit his community. As yet he has
not participated in politics, but he is a stanch
Republican and at some time may possibly iden
tify himself with political movements.

JOHN G. PATERSON. After a seafaring
life which took him into many of the principal
ports of the world, Mr. Paterson came to Cali-
fornia, his residence in Los Angeles dating
from April 24, 1886. He was bom at sea, in
the Indian ocean, under the English flag. May
29, 1853, being the youngest child of Capt.
James In-ing and Charlotte (Craik) Paterson,
natives of Scotland. His father and grandfather
were born on the Orkney Islands, and the
former, who became master of a vessel, sailed
all over the worid, finally dying of jungle fever
on the west coast of Africa. His wife had died
in England in 1854. They were the parents of
five children, but only two are now living.

Upon graduating from the Greenwich naval
school in 1868, John G. Paterson entered the
English merchant marine service and sailed to
Valparaiso on the Aran, later returning to Eng-
land. Again in 1869 he sailed to South Amer-
ica, going this time to Callio, where he joined
a civil engineering corps and secured employ-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

871

ment in railroad surveying. Almost three
years were spent in tliis manner, in the employ
of an English gentleman, after which he was
employed in boiler works in Chile for nine
months. Returning to England, in 1875 he
sailed to Port Blakeley, with the intention of
going to mines in British Columbia, but in-
stead he remained on the sound for two years,
working as a marine engineer.

The year 1877 found Mr. Paterson in Cali-
fornia. His first employment in this state was
as fireman on the Central Pacific Railroad, and
later he engaged as a marine and stationary
engineer at Eureka, Humboldt county. On
coming to Los Angeles, he was employed for
almost two years as fireman with the Los
Angeles Electric Company and later was fire-
man with the Los Angeles Railway Company
in their old plant. Resigning this position, he
was afterward for two years engaged in con-
tracting in H)'de Park, next secured employ-
ment as fireman with the Pacific Cable Railway
Company and then held a similar place with
the Los Angeles Electric Company, later being
engineer in the Hollenbeck hotel for a year.
The council of Los Angeles appointed him
deputy boiler inspector, August 31, 1897, and
two years later promoted him to the office of
city boiler inspector, to which ofSce he was
reappointed in 1901. His work is said to be
exceptionally accurate and systematic. His at-
tention is closely given to an oversight of the
four hundred and fifty boilers in the city. En-
gineering in all of its branches he thoroughly
understands, hence he is particularly well quali-
fied to discharge the duties of his position in an
efficient manner. By virtue of his inspector-
ship, he is ex-officio secretary of the examining
board of engineers, and in this way is con-
nected with one of the most important boards
in the city. At one time he was vice-president
of the National Association of Stationary En-
gineers, Los Angeles No. 2, his membership in
which has been retained ever since its organiza-
tion.

With his family, comprising four children,
Lottie, Charles, Alice and Walter, Mr. Pater-
son makes his home at No. 970 East Eleventh
street. In fraternal relations he is connected
with the Independent Order of Foresters, while
in politics he is a stanch Republican and at one
time served as secretary of his ward club, be-
sides in other ways identifying himself with
local politics.

EDWARD NEISSER. During the period
that has elapsed since he came to Los Angeles
Mr. Neisser has worked his way forward to a
]50sition of prominence as an architect and su-
I)erintendcnt of budding. Many of the designs
and plans furnished by him have had the merit
of originality, with a further value from the

standpoint of convenience and harmony. Par-
ticularly is this true of his plans for the Santa
Barbara bath house and power house, the for-
mer of which is said to have no superior in
Southern California. A number of large ware-
houses have been erected under his supervi-
sion and from his plans, while he has also de-
signed many residences in various parts of his
home city.

Though he has spent the greater part of his
life in California, Mr. Neisser is of eastern
birth and German parentage. His father,
Moritz, who was born near Berlin, Germany,
came to America in early manhood and en-
gaged in merchandising in New York City.
During the Civil war he took government con-
tracts. Coming to California in 1873, he
opened a general store in Sonoma county, but
two years later removed to San Francisco,
where he was a stock broker. Ill health
rendered a change of climate and occupation
necessary and for six years he acted as man-
ager of a sugar plantation in Hawaii. On his
return to San Francisco, his health being re-
stored, he resumed the brokerage business and
also acted as a promoter of enterprises. His
death occurred in 1894. A few years after he
came to America he married Regina Fernbach,
who was born near Berlin, Germany, and ac-
companied her parents to New York City, where
her brother, Henry, was a prominent architect.
For the past few years she has resided in Los
Angeles, which is also the home of six of her
children, another being in San Francisco.

Born in New York City, May 11, 1867, Ed-
ward Neisser was six years of age when the
family came to the Pacific coast, and his educa-
tion was received in grammar and high schools
in California. After graduating from the Al-
ameda high school in 1883, he began the study
of architecture under William Patton, a prom-
inent architect of San Francisco, with whom he
remained about nine years. From 1892 until he
came to Los Angeles, three years later, he fol-
lowed his chosen occupation with other archi-
tects of San Francisco, thus acquiring a
thorough knowledge of the work and an in-
timate acquaintance with its leading representa-
tives in his home city. He is now a member of
the Southern California Chapter of Architects,
besides being a reader of journals bearing upon
architecture and kindred subjects. Through
these various channels he keeps in touch with
every development made in the science which
he is making his life work. While living in
San Francisco he married Miss Celia Jacobs,
who was born in that city. Though not active
in politics, he does not neglect the duties of
citizenship, but casts his ballot in behalf of
measures for the benefit of the people, and
politically supports Republican principles. His
connection with Masonry began in West Gate

872

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Lodge No. 35, !■'. & A. M., and he was also
made an Odd Fellow in San Francisco. He has
his office in the Byrne building. As an archi-
tect he has attained a prominence that speaks
volumes for his ability and painstaking skill,
and without doubt the future years will bring
him an ever increasing degree of success and
professional influence.

WILLIAM J. OLIVER, V. S. Of remote
Scotch extraction, the Oliver family became as-
sociated with North of Ireland people by reason
of the religious persecutions in their own land.
From Ireland William Oliver, a farmer, crossed
llie ocean to Canada, and settled in Toronto,
where he married Miss Anne Hunter, a
Canadian by birth and of English descent. Of
their union were born nine children, the young-
est being William J., who is also the only mem-
ber of the family in the States. His birth oc-
curred in Toronto, Ontario, jMarch 30, 1848.
When he was quite small he lost his mother by
death and was thenceforward thrown to some
extent upon his own resources. Reared upon
a farm in the township of Toronto, Ontario, he
early gained a thorough knowledge of the stock
business and the raising of general farm prod-
uce. From boyhood he was interested in
horses, and during the years that he acted as
Iruyer of horses for the American Express
Company of Toronto, he gained a thorough
knowledge of equine flesh, and at the same time
was obliged to study veterinary surgery, in
order that he might understand the diseases to
which the stock were subject. Ambitious to
acquire a thorough knowledge of surgery, he
entered the Ontario Veterinary College in 1878
and three years later was graduated with the
degree of V. S. From that time until 1886 he
engaged in practice in Bramton, Ontario, and
during the last two years of his residence there
he also engaged extensively in shipping horses
to the west and northwest.

With a desire to see the Pacific coast region
of which he had heard so much, Mr. Oliver
visited California in 1886, and during the trip
he became so delighted with this country that
he determined to establish his home in Los
Angeles. Returning to Ontario, he disposed of
his interests, and accompanied by his family,
removed to the city where he has since resided.
While living in Toronto he married Miss Har-
riet McFarland, a native of York, Canada.
They are the parents of a daughter and son:
Mrs. Florence W. Cole, of Los Angeles, and
W. A., a graduate of the Los Angeles high
.'^chool, now in Nome, Alaska.

In the spring of 1898 Mr. Oliver was ap-
l^ointed a member of ihe State Veterinary
Medical Board and on the organization of the
board was appointed its secretary, which posi-

tion he has tilled with recognized efficiency and
success. His practice is large, including not
only a considerable private practice, but also
the care of the horses of the majority of truck
and transfer companies in Los Angeles, and, in
addition, he is engaged in raising standard-bred
horses, of which he has some fine specimens.
Since he became a citizen of the United States
he has voted the Republican ticket. His fra-
ternal relations include membership in the In-
dependent Order of Foresters and Benevolent
Protective Order of Elks.

HIRAM PHELPS. Amid the rugged hills
of Addison county, in Vermont, several gen-
erations of the Phelps family resided and
were prominent in the affairs of their com-
munity. Tliere, during the greater part of
his life, Benjamin Phelps was a farmer. He
had become familiar with the crude and un-
settled conditions which surrounded his boy-
hood, and in his later years of prosperity used
to recall the incident of a barefoot boy trudging
to a mill nine miles distant, his back bending
beneath the weight of a sack of corn for grind-
ing. In the sunset of his life he lived with his
son, Reuben. At the time of his death he was
eighty-five .years of age.

In the occupations of farming and sawmillmg
Reuben Phelps acquired a competency. He
was one of the prominent residents of Addison
county and a man of force and character. In
politics he was a Republican, and in religion
was identified with the Methodist Episcopal
Church, in which he served as steward. His
useful and successful life terminated at the age
of eighty-six years. By his marriage to Mary
Knapp, a native of Addison county, Vt., he had
the following-named children: Lorenzo, who
was drowned when two years old, in his father's
mill pond; Elmira, Harvey, Hiram, Amanda
and Norman.

A son of Reuben and Mary Phelps, Hiram
Phelps was born in Addison county, Vt., Sep-
tember 3, 1852. He assisted his father about
the sawmill and on the farm, and acquired his
education in the public schools of his district.
Eventually he came into the possession of a
farm in Vermont, but this he disposed of, and
removed to Portage Ferry, Dodge county. Wis.,
where for eighteen years he was engaged in
farming pursuits with success. In 1883 he dis-
posed of his Wisconsin property and brought
ins family to Southern California, settling in
Orange county, where he purchased twenty-
three acres of land. A portion of this he sold,
and now owns a homestead of eight acres under
a fine state of cultivation, besides which he has
property in Santa Ana and Long Beach.

While living in Vermont Mr. Phelps married
Cornelia C. Gale, a daughter of Squire and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

875

Naomi (Harrison) Gale, of Vermont. Of this
union there are two children: George E., who
is a nurseryman on Main street, Santa Ana;
and Eugenia, wife of George Y. Coutts, a
rancher of Orange county. Both Mr. and Mrs.
Phelps are active workers in the Methodist
i^jiscopal Church. In politics he is a Repub-
lican, and in fraternal relations a member of the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

JOHN T. BUTLER. To the undiscerning
eye there was little to attract in the aspect of the
property at Pasadena which Mr. Butler pur-
chased in 1884 shortly after his arrival in Cali-
fornia. The keen foresight and intuitive judg-
ment which he possessed, however, enabled him
to discern its possibilities, when once it was given
an opportunity to respond to care and cultivation.
A glance at the well improved homestead of to-
day proves him to be a man of discrimination,
for the woods and wild mustard patches have
been transformed into a thriving citrus and de-
ciduous fruit ranch and to complete the loveli-
ness of the spot a residence has been erected,
whose exterior finish is enhanced by its interior
charms.

Near Oswego, Oswego county, N. Y., J. T.
Butler was born December 5, 1852, being a twin
brother of J. P. Butler, also of Pasadena. His
father, J. T., Sr., was bom in New York and
throughout active life engaged in the manufac-
ture of lumber, dying at Amboy Center, Oswego
county. He was a son of Joseph Butler, a na-
tive of Connecticut,- who ser\'ed in the war of
1812 and afterward followed agricultural pur-
suits. The wife of J. T. Butler, Sr., was Cath-
erine Wright, who was born in Williamstown,
N. Y., and died in Amboy Center. Her father,
Thomas Wright, a native of Williamstown, N.
Y., moved from there to Pleasant Hill, Neb., and
there died in 1877, aged ninety-five years. It is
noteworthy that his wife also attained a great
age, being one hundred years old when she died
in 1901 in Nebraska.

A rude schoolhouse at Amboy Center, with its
rude equipments of furniture and primitive text
books, was the "temple of learning" in which
J. T. Butler gained the rudiments of his educa-
tion. From' that discouraging start he has at-
tained to a breadth of knowledge not always the
jiossession of college graduates. Starting out
for himself in 1873, he went to Jones count}-,
Iowa, where lie was employed at railroading. .\
year later he began to manufacture lumber, which
he soon had increased to important proportions.
From 1881 until his removal to California in
1884 he made his home in Dixon county. Neb..
where he carried on a general ranching busi-
ness, with a specialty of cattle-raising. His pos-
sessions there consisted of three hundred acres
of well improved land, with twenty acres in :i
line fruit rircliard. 'i'lie farm was cdiisiik-red tlu'

finest in the county. The experience in agricul-
ture in Nebraska fitted him to appreciate the
beauties of horticulture in California, and our
state has no one more enthusiastic than he in its
behalf. In selecting fruits for his farm in Cali-
fornia, he set out a variety of cherries. Old set-
tlers of the county endeavored to dissuade him,
believing the attempt would prove a failure.
However, in 1890 he placed a large crop of cher-
ries upon the market, these being the first mar-
keted that were grown in Southern California.
In religion he believes in the doctrines of the
Seventh-Day Advent Church, while politically he
votes with the Republicans. In 1873 lie married
Miss Mary Kenyon, of Rome, N. y! They have
reared two children, of whom the daughter,
Gladys Butler, remains with them. Grant" But-
ler enlisted in the United States army and served
through the war in Cuba. On re-enlisting in the
Third Artillery, he was ordered to the Philippine
Islands, his total period of service covering three
years.

CHARLES HERBERT TOWLE. The de-
scendant of English ancestry, Charles H. Towle
of Pasadena was born in Lee, N. H., October 6.
1848, and is a son of John F. and Abbie (Davis)
Towle, also natives of Lee. His grandfather.
Col. Gardner Towle, removed from Epping to
Lee, where he became a leading merchant and
manufacturer. By reason of his recognized
ability and fitness for the public service, he was
frequently chosen to occupy positions of trust
and responsjbihty, among these being the office
of state legislator. For a time he was a mem-
ber of the state militia with the rank of colonel.
Instead of following in his footsteps, John F.
Towle became a farmer, which occupation he
followed in Lee and then in Epping, dying at
the latter point in 1901. His wife had preceded
him in death in 1895. They were the parents of
four children, of whom Charles H. and two
daughters (now in Exeter, N. H.) are the sur-
vivors.

LTnder the influence of liis father's training
Charles H. Towle while yet a boy secured a
thorough knowledge of aV'culture. Not de-
siring, however, to follow the occupation
throughout life, at the age of twenty he began
to learn the carpenter's trade in ' Lawrence,
Mass. On becoming a journeyman carpenter he
secured employment at Exeter, N. H., where his
success was so encouraging that he took up
contracting and building. Among his contracts
were those for schoolhouses, substantial business
blocks and fine residences. Since he came to
Pasadena in 1895 he has built some of the most
attractive residences here, besides building for
himself three houses, two of which he owns.
The firm of 'J'owle & Hansen, to which he be-
I'lngs, i.s (ine of ihe leading in its (n-cupalinn in

S7G

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the city, and is frequently chosen for contracts
that are important and responsible.

The political views of Mr. Towle bring him
into affiliation with the Democratic party, and
during his residence in Exeter he was elected,
on that ticket, to the office of selectman, which
lie held one term. Fraternally he is connected
with the Odd Fellows. His marriage, in North-
wood, N. H., united him with ^Miss Addie A.
Leach, who was born in Epping, N. H., and by
whom he has three children, Frank W., Beulah
R. and Ethel B.

MRS. Z\I. J. UTTERBACK. Among the
vivid recollections that cluster around the child-
hood of JNIrs. Utterback is that of the long
journey across the plains to California when she
was eight years of age. Her father, Silas
Ritchey, believing that the west afforded
greater opportunities than his home state, Iowa,
brought his wife and four children with him in
1853, making the trip with a party of lowans.
During the six months spent in the journey, all
were forced to endure great hardships, but the
children of course were freed from the burden
of an.xiety and responsibility that rested so
heavily upon the older members of the com-
pany. Following the Platte route, they finally
arrived in Napa county, Cal, and the Ritchey
family settled upon a farm of one hundred and
sixty acres. With the assistance of the sons,
the father placed this homestead under cultiva-
tion, and also operated a large tract of rented
land. JMeantime the daughter, iSIartha, was
equally useful in the home, assisting her mother
in the" heavy work that fell upon the house-
keeper and acquiring a knowledge of domestic
science that fitted her for the management of a
home of her own. In 1868 she was married to
Mr. Utterback, and two years later came to
Santa Ana, where ^Ir. Ritchey purchased three
inmdred acres. Here, as before, his sons as-
sisted him in the cultivation of a large tract, at
times operating one thousand acres, and thus
they gave employment to many of the strangers
coming to settle in Orange county. Finally the
homestead of four hundred and fifty acres was
divided and sold to other parties, with the ex-
ception of three tracts of fifty-six acres each,
whicli became the property respectively of Wil-
liam S. and James ]\I. Ritchey and Mrs. Utter-
back. Another son, Milton, had died at the age
of eighteen years. William S. died in 1901,
leaving a wife and two daughters. James M.
never married, but made his home with his older
brother and assisted in developing the various
I)roperties owned by the family.

The homestead of Mrs. Utterback comprises
thirty acres on Ritchey avenue, Tustin, where
she has a fine orchard of citrus and deciduous
fruits. The supervision of the jiroperty falls
upon her, and in its management slie has shown

decided business ability. Matters pertaining to
the progress of the county and the general up-
lifting of humanity receive her sympathy and
co-operation, and she is especially interested in
religious movements, being a sincere believer
in the doctrines of the Baptist Church. In her
family there are three children. The only son,
James Henry, of Santa Ana, is engaged in the
manufacture of novelties, and is said by com-
petent judges to possess a genius for art, in
which he has produced some excellent work.
The older daughter, Hettie Elvira, is the wife
of Isaac Fields, of Santa Ana, and the younger
daughter, Kate Irene, resides with her mother.

JOHN W. WOOD. The postmaster of Pasa-
dena was born near Wilmington, Del., March i,
1851, of Scottish parentage. His education was
obtained in the common schools of his home
town. While still a mere boy he acquired an
excellent knowledge of the drug business,
through acting as assistant to his father, John
Wood, a pharmacist. In 1871 he was graduated
from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and
then went to New York City, where he was em-
ployed as a pharmacist for four years. Coming
to California in 1875. ^^ clerked in San Fran-
cisco and for three and one-half years conducted
a drug store in San Jose. In 1883 he came to
Pasadena, of which city he has since been a resi-
dent, interested in its grow-th and upbuilding.
For three years he was editor and proprietor of
the Pasadena Valley Union, ' having established
the same. His intimate knowledge of pharma-
ceutical matters led to his selection as a member
of the California State Board of Pharmacy, with
which he was connected for six years. For two
}ears he served as a school trustee of Pasadena
and he has also efficiently filled the office of trus-
tee of the public librar}-. A stanch Republican
in his views, he was honored by his party and
the administration January 17, 1900, when he
was appointed postmaster. The duties of the
position he assumed March i following, and has
since devoted his attention to their faithful and
painstaking discharge. Fraternally he is con-
nected with Corona Lodge, F. & A. IM. In 1877
he married Aliss Georgeanna Newlin, whose
father is James Newlin, of Chester county. Pa.
They have one son, Clifford H., who has been
educated in the State University of California
at Berkeley, and is now a student of medicine.

BARNABAS TIBBALS. Tliere is probably
no resident of Riverside more familiar with the
growth and development of its orange interests
than is Mr. Tibbals. From the first he has been
connected with its fruit lands and has been a
firm believer in their possibilities. Nor has this
confidence ever been shaken, in spite of the dis-
couragements that have occasionally arisen to
try men's faith and dampen their ardor. When

'^ o

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

877

the prices of the fruit have been low and rail-
road freights high, he has maintained the same
enthusiastic belief in the future that less hopeful
natures can only have when all goes well. It
has been his privilege to live to see the industry
established upon a firm basis, which cannot be
impaired by those minor matters that once
threatened its destruction.

August 17, 1887, Mr. Tibbals bought, for
$12,000, ten acres of land on Brockton Square,
Riverside, of which tract four acres were in
oranges and six in deciduous fruits. In the
fall of the same year he put the six acres in
oranges. August 17, 1891, he sold the place
for $24,000, which is the highest price ever paid,
per acre, for an orange grove in Riverside. His
next purchase comprised forty acres at San
Jacinto, for which he paid $6,000. A portion of
this property was in alfalfa, the remainder in
fruit. The buildings were first-class and a flow-
ing well greatly enhanced the value of the land.
After three years he sold out and returned to
Riverside, where he bought a three-year-old
orchard on the corner of High and Center
streets. On this place he made his home until
June, 1901, when he moved to No. 1049 Almond
street. He has also improved an orange grove
on Chicago avenue, south of Center street, the
same comprising ten acres of growing trees.

I^IRS. JEAN K. MAGEE, who has made her
home in Riverside since August 19, 1875, was
bom in Steuben vi lie, Jefferson county, Ohio, a
daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Kelley)
Thompson, natives respectively of Ireland and
Chester county, Pa. At the beginning of the
nineteenth century her father came to America
and settled one mile from Steubenville, Ohio,
where he improved a farm, at the same time car-
i-ying on a mercantile store in the city and con-
ducting an iron manufacturing- business. In ad-
dition, he owned flour mills at Jacksonville. For
four years he held office as sheriff of Jefferson
county. At fifty-five years of age his life work
ended, his death occurring November 13, 1833,
the night long memorable among pioneers as that
of the falling stars. His wife, who was reared
in Pennsylvania, accompanied her parents to
Holiday's Cove, W. Va., across the Ohio river
from Steubenville, Ohio. She died at Eastport.
Tuscarawas county, Ohio. Of her eleven chil-
dren only one daughter and two sons attained
mature years, and Mrs. Magee is now the sole
survivor. She was born February 18, 1823, and
spent the first ten years of her life in Steuben-
ville, after which she accompanied the famil\- to
Cadiz and received her education in Cadiz -Sem-
inary. From there she went to Eastport, ( Jhio,
where she taught school several years.

In Eastport, September 10, 1844. Miss Thomp-
son became the wife of Mr. .S. R. Magec. wIki
was born in Mifiiin counlv. I'a. I lis father.

Thomas Magee, a farmer first in Pennsylvania
and later in Ohio, was a son of Thomas Magee,
Sr., a soldier in the Revolutionary war. When
a mere bo}', S. R. ]\Iagee determined to become
a physician, and in the carrying out of this pur-
pose, he attended Rush Medical College, Chicago.
His first location for practice was at Uhrichs-
ville, Ohio, after which he carried on profes-
sional work at Deersville, Harrison county, Ohio,
and later moved to Cadiz, Harrison county,
where he officiated as county sheriff for four
years. During the Civil war' he was a member
of the Ohio National Guard, and when the per-
petuity of the Union and the homes of the north
were threatened, he was called out into service,
being assigned to the One Hundred and Seven-
tieth Regiment of Ohio National Guard. With
his regiment he was sent to Washington May 4,
1865, and remained at the front for some months.
Upon his honorable discharge from the amiy
Dr. Magee became agent at Steubenville for the
Pittsburg & Cleveland Railroad, in which capac-
ity he was employed for nine years. In the fall
of 1876 he joined his family, who had come to
California a year before and'had purchased forty
acres of raw land on what is now Palm and
Central avenues. Riverside. To the improve-
ment of this place he at once gave his undivided
attention, experimenting ^\^th fruits of nianv
varieties, but finally planting the entire tract iii
oranges. A portion of the property has been
sold, and the homestead now comprises twenty-
one acres, planted to oranges of diflferent varie-
ties. One of the most attractive features of the
place is the long drive of palms, which lend an
air of picturesqueness to the homestead and add
materially to its value. It was at this place that
Dr. Magee died April 22, 1896, and his remains
were interred in Olivewood cemetery a few davs
later, the interment being conducted with Ma-
sonic honors.

MARIE B. WERNER, M. D. The Werner
family has held an honorable place in German
history as far back as the genealogy can be
traced. Christian von Werner, a man of liberal
ideas and large estates, held the ofiice of mayor
of Weinsberg, and wielded a powerful influence
among his associates. While serving as a cap-
tain in the revolution of 1848 he was shot and
fatally injured ; whereupon his only son, Charles
Augustus Ferdinand, fled to America in com-
pany with his mother and settled in Philadel-
phia. Some years later he married Caroline
VVolpert, the only child of a merchant of Wur-
temberg, Germany. Their home continued to
be in Philadelphia, where Mrs. Werner died in
young womanhood. For years he engaged in
the manufacture of pianos, but finally failing
health obliged him to retire from business cares,
and from that time until his death in 1889 he
remained in retirement, .\ftcr coining tn this

878

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

country he dropped the title "von" and was
henceforward known by tlie name of Werner.

In the city of Philadelphia, where she was
born September 21, 1859, Marie Bersania
Werner received her education in public and
]5rivate schools. At a very early age her aspira-
tions turned toward the medical profession, and,
notwithstanding the fact that women physicians
were then infrequently seen, she did not allow
the prejudice of many to deter her from pursu-
ing the career for which she felt herself to be
adapted. In the spring of 1877 she began the
study of medicine in the Woman's Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania, where she took the three
regidar courses of lectures, graduating in 1880
with the degree of M. D. For a time she was
interne in the Woman's Hospital and later was
for several years retained as clinician, mean-
time also engaging in the practice of medicine
in her native city. Her life work has been along
the line of her profession, and she has striven
earnestly to acquire a thorough knowledge of
all its intricacies. The ability with which she
was endowed, supplemented by thorough edu-
cation and habits of close study and observ'ation.
led her to a front rank among the physicians of
Philadelphia. In 1883 she performed an ex-
ceedingly delicate and complicated operation in
a case of congenital malformation, the patient
being a girl of eighteen years. The success of
the operation brought her into prominence
among the members of the profession, and con-
vinced her that in surgery she could find a
splendid field of usefulness. Since then she has
made a specialty of that branch, and the success
which has come to her proves the wisdom of
her choice of a profession. During 1884 she
went abroad and visited the principal medical
schools of England and the continent, spending
eighteen months in study, principally under
Professors \'on Billroth of Germany, \''on
Frisch, ^'on Hacker and Salter of Vienna.
Schroeder and von Hahn of Berlin, Sanger of
Leipsic and Apostoli of Paris. Indicative of her
ability is the fact that she was the first member
of her sex who was allowed to work in Prof.
Von Frisch's clinic in Vienna. Again in 1891
she visited Europe and studied surgery under
Gersuny of \'icnna, Sanger of Leipsic, Bantock
of London and Savage of Birmingham.

The literary ability which has found expres-
sion in the translation of the works of various
French authors has been utilized by Dr. Werner
mainly along professional lines, and the articles
from her pen that have been read before con-
ventions or published in medical journals have
commanded the attention of the ablest physi-
cians of the country. She was the first woman
delegate from Philadelphia to read a paper be-
fore the American Medical Association, this be-
ing at the convention of t8<)o in Nashville.
Temi. She was also tlic first wunian to read

a paper before the Obstetrical Society of Phil-
adelphia and was the first woman who signed
its constitution. Among her many valuable
and interesting articles may be mentioned the
following: "Battey's Operation for Congenital
i\Ialformation;" "Operation for Abdominal Fis-
tula;" "Twenty Consecutive Abdominal Sec-
tions, with Remarks;" "Fistulous Escape of
Ligatures After Pelvic Operations;" "A Retro-
spect of the Treatment of Pelvic Inflammation ;"
"The X-Ray and Its Uses in Diagnoses and
Treatment."

Various professional organizations have en-
rolled Dr. Werner's name as a member, includ-
ing the American Medical Association, Philadel-
phia County Medical Society, Philadelphia Ob-
stetrical Society, Philadelphia Neurological Soci-
ety, Alumni Association of the Woman's Medical
College, and the Los Angeles County and Cali-
fornia Medical Associations. While in the midst
of a successful career in Philadelphia, the de-
mands made upon her professional services dur-
ing the intense heat of summer seriously af-
fected her health, and, after having been over-
come by the heat three successive summers, in
1899 she removed to Los Angeles, where she
established her office in the Laughlin building.
In addition to her private practice, she became
chief of the children's clinic in the Medical Col-
lege of Southern California. After a time she
came to San Diego, whose climate has given her
the much needed impetus toward permanent re-
covery. Though the period of her residence in
California has been comparatively brief, the ca-
reer upon which she has entered here will un-
doubtedly be worthy of the prestige established
in Philadelphia among the gifted professional
workers of that city. Her attention being closely
given to professional duties, she has little leisure
for participation in movements of a local nature
or for attendance upon social functions, and,
aside from her membership in the Lutheran
Church and in the United Modems and Frater-
nal Brotherhood, she has not been intimately
identified with activities along a line not strictly
professional, but devotes her time and thought
and energies to the attainment of that profes-
sional skill and success which is the ambition
of every aspiring physician.

CHARLES H. FRAZIER. In the list of en-
ergetic and resourceful men who have been at-
tracted to California, especial mention should
be made of Charles H. Frazier, who came to
Orange in 1875, bought a twenty-acre ranch
and began the improvement of the same. From
that time till the present he has resided here and
is to-day one of the most prominent citizens of
the place. He is well known and highly re-
spected by all who know him, and has proved
himself to be progressive and public spirited,
and ready lo assist in anv work for the better-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD

881

ment of mankind and the upbuilding of the city.
]3eing- one of tlie pioneer settlers of this locaHty,
he has watched and aided its growth from a
primitive condition to its present high state of
perfection. The principal product of his ranch
is oranges. He has planted his own trees and
developed his place until it has become one of
the finest ranches in- the county.

ALBERT MORTON. At Summerland, sit-
uated six miles from Santa Barbara, on a portion
of the old Ortega rancho, between the sea and the
Santa Ynez motmtains, are collected together a
peaceful gathering of citizens of varied occupa-
tions and inclinations, constituting one of the
pleasantest and most satisfactory communities in
this part of the county. Here, in practical re-
tirement from the strenuous business activities
which have fallen to his lot, resides Albert Mor-
ton, who can justly claim recognition for having
creditably taken his part upon the stage of life,
and earned the right to henceforth pass his days
in the fragrant air and under the cloudless skies
of his Southern California home.

Few in these United States can claim an an-
cestry more intimately interwoven with the early
history of America, or more directly connected
with the memorable expedition, immortalized in
history as the voyage of the Mayflower. An
Englishman, George Morton, emigrated from his
native land in 1623, having previously been the
agent for the Pilgrims in London, and the chief
factor in fitting up the Mayflower for its hazard-
ous journey in search of liberty in thought and
action. The first son of George Morton, Na-
thaniel by name, was the famous historian of the
Rlgrim colony. The grandmother, Morton, was
descended from John Alden, Priscilla Mullens
and Alexander Standish, and another Morton,
Marcus, a cousin of the father of xA.lbert Morton,
was governor of Massachusetts, his son being
at the present time a chief justice of that state.

A native of Dixfield, Me., Albert Morton was
bom September 17, 1832, a son of Cornelius B.
and Adeline (Partridge) Morton, the father
having been bom in Middleboro, Mass. On the
maternal side, the Partridge family are well
known in Massachusetts, and were early settlers
in Amesbury, of that state. The education of Al-
bert Morton was acquired at the public schools
of Augusta, Me., supplemented by the classical
course at Monmouth Academy. At the age of
nineteen he came west to Illinois and Wisconsin,
and remained for twelve years in Qiicago and
Milwaukee, as bookkeeper and clerk for the su-
perintendent of the La Crosse & Milwaukee Rail-
road. During this time he spent one year in Cal-
ifornia, and became impressed with the manifold
advantages to be found here. In 1864 he located
at Webster, Worcester county, Mass.. and was
financial agent for the Stevens Linen Works,
the largest linen manufacturing establishment in

the LTnited States. That position he held until
1869. In 1872 he removed with his family to
San Francisco, where he lived for twenty years.
During the greater part of his residence in the
sea coast town he was interested in promoting
the cause of spiritualism, and in furtherance of
his object held meetings in the Metropolitan
Temple for three and a half years. For a year
he also published a magazine devoted to the prop-
agation of his belief. For the same length of time
he managed the financial affairs of H. L. Wil-
liams, the owner of the one thousand and fifty
acres comprising the Ortega rancho, who, after
the subsidence of the boom of 1886-88, laid out
one hundred and sixty acres in town lots, and by
judicious advertising collected together a colony
of citizens of spiritualistic belief, the place now
known as Summerland.

Owing to somewhat impaired health Mr. Mor-
ton removed to Summerland in 1890, since which
time he has enjoyed a well earned rest. He
married in 1854, in Chicago, a Miss Brown, and
of this union there are two children. In 1871
Mr. Morton married Mrs. Littlejohn. He be-
came a Mason in 1866, at Webster, Mass., and
was raised to the Royal Arch Chanter there. Po-
litically he is a Republican, and held the appoint-
ment offices of justice in Massachusetts, and of
notary in Wisconsin.

ASA COBB was a notable addition to the suc-
cessful horticulturists whose lives have been
brought to a close amid the ideal surroundings
of Southern California. He came to West
Orange in February of 1893, and died November
7, 1897. The different sections of country in
which he was at times located profited by his
honesty of purpose. A native of Kentucky, Mr.
Cobb was born April 29, 1819, and during his
youth removed with frequency to different parts
of the middle west. As a small boy he was taken
by his parents to Indiana, and later to Keokuk,
Iowa, where he grew to manhood and married
Mary Samuels. From Keokuk he removed to
Taylor county, Iowa, where he resided for sev-
eral years, and during 1865 settled in Andrew
county. Mo., which continued to be his residence
until he came to California. In West Orange he
purchased ten and a half acres of land: this was
improved to apricots, walnuts, and other fruits,
and in time became the fine home property upon
which his family now reside.

HON. N. P. CONREY. Though only in the
prime of life, N. P. Conrcy, prominent in the
ranks of the Los Angeles bar, has won distinc-
tion. Frequently he has given the public evi-
dence of his ability and earnest desire to pro-
mote the interests of the community in which
he dwells, and this led, in 1898 and 1899. to his
election to the state legislature, where he ful-
filled the expectations of his numerous friends.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

In February, 1884, he established an office and
commenced the practice of law in Los Angeles,
and during the years of 18S6 and 1887 he main-
tained a branch office at Pasadena. He took
part in the organization of that city as a cor-
poration, and was honored by election to the
office of city attorney. In connection with the
movement in the direction of establishing local
option in that city he prepared the prohibition
ordinance, which was successfully established in
the courts, and having stood the test of trial
in the supreme court of California, set at rest
the question, then in doubt, as to the legality of
a city's rights in the matter of local option. Mr.
Conrey has always taken an active part in public
movements and has been especially interested in
the cause of education. During his service as a
member of the Los Angeles school board, in
1897 and 1898, he cast his influence on the side
of progress, and contributed toward some needed
reforms. Fraternally he is a Knight Templar
Mason.

WILLIAM S. BARTLETT. The year 188 1
found Mr. Bartlett in Southern California. After
less than a year in Los Angeles he went to
Santa Ana, Orange county, and there organized
the Commercial Bank, of which he was the
cashier and manager for a number of years, and
in which he is still a director. In 1883 he or-
ganized the Bank of Orange, and also the Bank
of Tustin, in the latter of which he is'yet a direc-
tor. - Besides assisting in the organization of
these institutions named, he was connected with
the founduig of the Orange County Abstract
Company, the Santa Ana Improvement Com-
pany, the Santa Ana Gas & Electric Light Com-
pany, the Santa Ana Development Company, the
Santa Ana Street Railway Company, the Main
Street Investment Company of Los Angeles,
etc. He also acts as local representative for the
Bank of California (San Francisco), and for
many non-resident capitalists and property own-
ers, and as acting executor of the Vanderlip es-
tate, in Orange county. Under special appoint-
ment, during 1893-94, he acted as agent for the
stockholders in the final liquidation of the afTairs
of the Southern California Insurance Company
of Los Angeles. He also liquidated the affairs
of the Bank of Anaheim, as the representative of
the state board of bank commissioners.

On his removal to Los Angeles, in i8g8, Mr.
Bartlett became identified with the Union Bank
of Savings as its president; and with the Secu-
rity Loan & Trust Company as its vice-president
and general manager; while at the same time
he continues to have charge of large landed in-
terests in Orange and San Diego counties, this
state; in Coconino county. Ariz., and in Nye
county, Nev. He has also long been connected
with the Olive Milling Company, Orange
county, and is local director in Los Angeles of

the Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland
(Baltimore, Md.).

F. A. WORTHLEY, the superintendent of
the electric light department of Riverside, was
born in Oxford county, ^Nle., April 10. 1865,
and passed his boyhood happily in country pur-
suits. Having completed his high school course
he decided to give his attention to some kind
of mechanics. Gomg to Lewiston. Me., he
mastered the trade of a millwright and machinist,
and in February, 1887, came to California, and
was ■ employed as an engineer by the San
Bernardmo Electric Light & Power Company.
The plant was situated in the old Kiel mill at
first and later was removed to Citrus, now-
known as Highgrove. Having superintended
that change, Mr. A\'orthley came to Riverside
and built a plant here, obtaining power from the
Riverside Water Company, and furnished light
to this city, Colton and San Bernardino. After
acting in the capacity of engineer here for some
six years he resigned, and during the following
three years was assistant engineer of the electric
light plant at Redlands, the first one operated
there and run by water-power.

Returning to the scenes and friends of his
youth, F. A. Worthley spent several months in
the east, but in 1896 crossed the continent for
the third time, and became superintendent of
the electric Hght department of Riverside. In
jgoo he directed the building of the new and
finely equipped m.odern works of Riverside.
This is a steam-power plant of 600 horse-power
and steam engines, the capacity of the old and
new plants together being 90 arc lights and
10.000 incandescent lights. About 300 horse-
power motors (sixty-five all told) are distributed
over the city, and the electric street car lines arc
furnished with power. The steam-plant has
engines of Nordburg manufacture, and the
boilers are of Stirling make. The Tracy Engi-
neering Company of San Francisco contracted
for and put in the steam-power plant, and the
electrical equipment was under the management
of the General Electric Company, of Sclienec-
tady, N. Y. The location is central, being at
the corner of Ninth and Mulberry streets, and
the building is 66x142 feet in dimensions.

GEORGE M. PEARSON. None of the
county officials of Riverside county is more pop-
ular than George M. Pearson. Coming to this
locality at the organization of the county, he
was soon nominated for the important position
he occupies, that of county surveyor and civil
engineer; in April of the same year (1893) was
elected, and in the fall of the following year was
re-elected. Again, in 1898, he was a candidate
for the office, on the Republican ticket, as
before, and was duly elected, his term to extend
until January, 1903.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

George M. Pearson was born in 1867 and is
next to the oldest in a family comprising six
children. Lentil he was in his fifteenth year he
lived quietly at Springdale, Iowa, his birthplace,
and then went to ^\'esttow^ (Pa.) College, where
he pursued a classical course. He then studied
civil engineering and when fully equipped for
his future work came to California. In 1887 he
settled at Wildomar, where he was employed on
irrigation canals and government contracts, also
doing some surveying in the Temescal moun-
tains. His labors being completed about the
time of Riverside county's fomiation, he became
thoroughly identified with public affairs here,
and always has maintained genuine interest in
its development. At present he is serving as
LTnited States deputy mineral surveyor and is
civil engineer of the Florida Water Company
and assistant engineer of the San Jacinto &
Pleasant Valley irrigation district.

hundred and twenty shares in the company,
which has a fine water system, securing an
abundance of water from Deer Canon by means
of eleven miles of pipe line, which irrigates six
hundred acres of land.

GEORGE R. THAYER. As eariy as 1876
Mr. Thayer became interested in Riverside
property and, in conjunction with E. D. C.
Derby, bought twentv acres at $40 an acre, the
tract Iving on Alagnolia avenue. This he set
out in oranges and other fruits and, after estab-
lishing his home on the place in 1879, he carried
forward the work of improvement with great
zeal. On the ten acres which he reserved for
himself he built a small residence, and in 1887
sold the property for $13,500. Afterward he en-
gaged in the manufacture of carriages and the
sale of farm implements, having his place of busi-
ness on Eighth street. In time he received into
partnership William L. Peters, the firm title be-
coming Thayer & Peters. In addition to the
store at this point, the firm established stores in
San .Bernardino and Redlands, and in the three
towns had the largest implement and carriage
house there. The business was bought in its
entirety by Mr. Peters in 1891, and Mr. Thayer
then resumed ranching, in which he has since
engaged, owning twenty acres on Hermosa ave-
nue, Cucamonga, San Bernardino county, where
he has eight acres in oranges and eight acres in
lemons, the whole forming a very valuable and
thrifty orchard. The lemons are cured in a large
house he built for that purpose, and every facility
has been provided for the prosecution of the
business.

The Southern California Fruit Exchange
numbers Mr. Thayer among its members, also
the Cucamonga Fruit Association, of which he
is a director. For years he was a director of
the Lemon Growers' Association at Ontario, of
which he was a charter member and to which he
still belongs. .After the organization of the
Hermosa Water Company he was chosen on the
board of directors, of which he is still a member.
Since 1899 he has acted as president of the
company. .\t this writing there arc nineteen

ELLIOTT HINMAN. As president of the
board of trustees of Pomona, Mr. Hinman oc-
cupied a position affording especial opportuni-
ties for a man of progressive spirit. That he
availed himself of these opportunities is known
to every citizen of his tov.'n. In April, 1896, he
was elected a member of the board for four
years, and in January, 1899, became president,
which position he filled with characteristic abil-
ity. Though for some years he has been active
in political afTairs, he has never sought office
for himself, and his election as trustee was a
tribute to his recognized ability.

It is thought that the Hinman family origi-
nated in England. Mr. Hinman was bom in
Henry county, 111., August 31, 1853, a son of R.
N. and Elizabeth (Miller) Hinman, natives of
Connecticut. The schools of Cambridge af-
forded him fair advantages. On reaching his
majority he became interested in a retail lumber
business at Cambridge. Beginning on a small
scale, he gradually increased the business and
enlarged his trade until he was one of the most
substantial business men of the town. For
twent}' years he carried on a lumber business,
and during the last four years of the time he
also engaged in buying and shipping grain.
While in Cambridge he was a member of the
board of village trustees for some years, and a
stockholder and director in the First National
and the Farmers' National Bank, in both of
which he is still a stockholder.

The responsibilities connected with the man-
agement of a large business and the injurious
effects of a changeable climate finally began to
impair Mr. Hinman's health. FeeHng the im-
perative necessity of a radical change, he decided
to dispose of his business interests in Illinois
and settle in California, and since 1893 he has
made his home in Pomona.

J. E. LONGACRE. A leading industry of
I^Ioneta is the raising of strawberries, and Mr.
Longacre is among the most successful work-
ers in this occupation. Pie was bom in Tennes-
see July 3, 1840, being a son of Joseph A. and
Mary (Edwards) Longacre, also natives of Ten-
nessee, where the father, a famier by calling,
died at seventy-four years of age. The' paternal
grandfather. Arson Longacre, was born in the
Shenandoah valley of \'irginia, and at twenty-
one years of age settled in Tennessee, where
eventually he acquired the ownership of four
hundred acres. Besides carrying on his planta-
tion he engaged in surveying to some extent.
The maternal grandfather. Rev. Joshua Ed-

884

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

wards, was born in the soutli, and became a
preacher in the Baptist Church, but for a liveli-
hood depended principally upon the results of
his toil as a farmer on his tract of four hundred
acres.

In a family of seven daughters and two sons,
J. E. Longacre was the fourth in order of birth.
When a boy he attended the public schools, but
at an early age left school to devote himself to
mercantile enterprises, and for three years he
carried on a store of his own in Tennessee.
During 1877 he came to California, first settling
in Fresno, where he carried on a general store
for three years. A later location was at Santa
Ana, but after a year there he returned to
Fresno, where he built a store and carried on
general merchandising. The year 1889 was
spent in visiting relatives and friends in Tennes-
.■^ee, and on his return to the Pacific coast he set-
tled at Piiente, where he remained three years
and cultivated ten acres. Going from there to
Pomona, he bought a house and lot, but this
property he sold on settling in Moneta in 1899.
and he has since devoted himself to the straw-
berry business on his six-acre tract at this place.
\\'hile in Fresno he married Miss Hettie Mat-
thews, who was born in Missouri, and by whom
he has three children, Mary B., Joseph R.. and
Addison O. The family are associated with the
Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Longacre is a
contributor to the same, as well as to other
worthy movements of his locality. He is con-
nected with the blue lodge of Masons and in
politics adheres to the policy of the Democratic
party.

CAPT. W. CHIPPENDALE. The horticul-
tural interests that have been accjuired by Cap-
tain Chippendale, of Duarte, are of an important
and diversified nature. They include the own-
ership of an orange grove of thirty acres, all of
which is under cultivation to navels of a fine
quality, this ranch being one-half of his original
purchase made on settling in California. An-
other interest of considerable importance is his
position as a director in the Duarte-Monrovia
Fruit Exchange. In movements looking toward
the increasing of irrigation facilities he has al-
ways been concerned, realizing that this is one
of the most annoying problems to confront a
western horticulturist. In the organization of
the Duarte-Monrovia Irrigation and Canal Com-
])any he was quite active, and he has since served
for two years as president of the same, also for
nine years as its secretary.

The year after the Civil war began Captain
Chippendale enlisted as a soldier in the Union
army and afterward served as captain of Com-
pany E, Twenty-second New Jersey Infantry,
taking part with his regiment in numerous en-
gagements, chief among which were those of
ChancellorsviJlc. Rappahannock and Fredericks-

burg. Loyal to his adopted country and particu-
larly enthusiastic in regard to the claims of Cali-
fornia in the galaxy of commonwealths, he is
not, however, a politician, but is independent in
such matters, supporting the best men. irre-
spective of party. In religion he is of the Epis-
copalian faith.

S. J. COLEMAN. One of the most success-
ful and enthusiastic horticulturists of Glendale
Valley, Los Angeles county, is S. J. Coleman,
who has a splendidly cultivated ranch of fourteen
and a half acres just north of the postoffice of
Glendale. In the estimation of this tried and
trusted member of the community, the portion
of the county to which he has devoted man\
years of striving and attainment, bids fair to rank
with time among the finest and most prolific
fruit regions of the state. Arriving here when
there were but a few buildings in the valley, Mr.
Coleman has been an interested spectator and
worker for its best development, and is rightly
esteemed one of the substantial and progressive
authorities on fruit culture and all around ranch-
ing. He set out at first five acres of pears, but
has since branched out in many directions, his
orchard now containing oranges, to the extent
of five hundred trees, lemons, walnuts, and vari-
ous kinds of fruit. He enjoys a natural ad-
vantage over many fruit growers, in that his
land has never been visited by a devastating
frost. The irrigating advantages also are excel-
lent, water having been found at a depth of
ninety-three feet.

A native of Holmes county, Ohio, Mr. Cole-
man was born in 1838, and remained on his
father's farm until his nineteenth year. His
father, Ezekiel, was born in Pennsylvania, and
came to Ohio at a very early day, where he
took up government land and built a house of
logs, and reared his family of four sons and five
daughters. This log house, wherein was under-
taken the responsibilities and trials of pioneer
life, is still standing, and is known as the Cole-
man homestead. Of the children, but two sur-
vive, the other son, Cornelius, being now a
farmer at Overbrook, Kans. Elizabeth (Peter-
man) Coleman, the mother of S. J., was born in
Pennsylvania, and comes of a long-lived family,
her parents having lived to be more than a hun-
dred years old. Mrs. Coleman herself was
ninety-four years old at the time of her death,
her husband having lived to be seventy-two
years of age. At the age of nineteen, S. J. Cole-
man went to Dekalb county. III, and, having
learned the trade of tanner, worked at the same
until about eighteen years ago. He then re-
moved to Marshall county, Iowa, and at the end
of two years to Carbondaie, Kans.. where he
lived for seven or eight years. In 1881, owing to
the health of his wife and son, Ellsworth, he
came in ihc fall to California, and lived for a

}'f^f^iXa..oc^^c

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

887

year and a half in Los Angeles, after which he
purchased his present ranch near Glendale.

The first marriage of Mr. Coleman was sol-
emnized in Illinois, and the result of this union
was three children. The second marriage took
place in California. Of the children, Luela is
a dressmaker iji Los Angeles, and Ellsworth is
a teacher in Oakland at a salary of $i,6oo a
year. He was educated in the normal school at
Glendale, at Harvard and Berkeley, at which
latter institution he took the $300 prize, being
a natural mathematician. In politics Mr. Cole-
man is independent, and believes in voting for
the man best qualified to fill the position.

WILLIAM P. RAMSAUR. The death of
William P. Ramsaur, in October of 1896, re-
moved one of the substantial citizens and prin-
cipal developers of Los Angeles county, and de-
prived many friends of a faithful ally in whom
they could invariably put their trust. While an
all-around agriculturist on a large scale, he was
particularly known as an authority on the sub-
ject of hog raising, to which he devoted much
time and attention, and in which occupation he
achieved remarkable success. He came to Cali-
fornia in 1869, with a large fund of practical
business and other experience to apply to his in-
terests here, having been previously a planter in
Mississippi and Arkansas. He was born in
North Carolina in 1834, and until the war was
a southern sympathizer, but, after losing all that
he had in the world while living in the south, his
affiliations became essentially northern, and some
of his most devoted friends and associates were
supporters of the LTnion.

In 1876 Mr. Ramsaur settled in the vicinity of
Florence, where he purchased one hundred acres
of land, to which he added from time to time un-
til he had four hundred and fifty acres. Orig-
inally the property was a vast sheep pasture over-
grown with wild mustard, but a transformation
was eiTected under his industrious hand and
good management, a fine rural home was erected,
and barns and outhouses in keeping with the
general air of thrift and prosperity. At present
the extent of the ranch is two hundred and forty-
five acres, and the staple crop is barley and
alfalfa.

The marriage of Mr. Ramsaur and Florence
Walker occurred in Los Angeles in 1874, Mrs.
Ramsaur being a native of Quincy, 111., and a
daughter of E. D. Walker, who came to Califor-
nia in 1861, and eventually died in the state of
his adoption. The family is descended from that
courageous band of French Protestants called
Huguenots, and who dispersed to various parts
of Europe in search of the liberty denied them
in Catholic France. Mrs. Ramsaur, who is liv-
ing on the home ranch, is the mother of four sons
and one daughter : Lee M. of Los Angeles ; Wil-
liam H., Lucian C, Svdnev and Ernest. Lucian

C, who has charge of his father's property, is a
fine business manager, and intelligent agricul-
turist and stock-raiser. So large are his inter-
ests, that in addition to the home property he
works one hundred acres of land. Like his
father before him he is a Democrat in politics.

JACOB BOSSHARD. Did he choose to dis-
continue his successful occupation of farming,
Mr. Bosshard has ever at his command a suf-
ficient knowledge of music to make him a valu-
able acquisition to any orchestra or musical
organization, a talent v.'hich he exercised for
many years with commendable results. A na-
tive of the picturesque and thrifty country of
Switzerland, he was born in 1849, a son of John
and Catherine Bosshard, also born and reared
among the grandest scenery in the world. The
family emigrated to America in 1864, and a
year later, in Utah, the father died, and left them
dependent upon their own exertions. About
1870, Jacob Bosshard left Utah and settled in
California, and in Los Angeles, which then had
a population of five thousand souls, himself and
two brothers organized a band known as the
Bosshard Band, which was in wide demand,
owing to their understanding of music, and their
excellent interpretation of the best musical
composers. This congenial occupation was con-
tinued until 1 89 1, at which time Mr. Bosshard
left his brothers still pursuing their musical
career, and he himself came here and purchased
sixt}' acres of land on the corner of Compton
and Shorb avenues. Thirty acres of this land
was afterwards sold, but the remainder has been
improved by its owner, and is valued at about
$300 per acre. The farm has artesian water,
and is devoted principally to the raising of alfalfa
and the cultivation of beets.

In Los Angeles, in 1884, Mr. Bosshard mar-
ried Mary Reishsteiner, and of this union there
are five children, Olga, Hermann, Selma, Orlo,
and Arthur. In national politics Mr. Bosshard
is a Democrat, but his arduous duties have never
permitted of the requisite leisure for the holding
of political office. He is a broad-minded and
enterprising member of the community, and his
success is proof of well directed energy, and
determination to faithfully perform the duties of
citizenship.

J. W. COOK. His many years of residence
in the far west have familiarized Mr. Cook with
the conditions prevailing in the very early days,
before the City of the Angels had been pro-
phesied, or the Indians had come to regard
with equanimity the presence in their midst of
the ambitious and law abiding pale face. He
was born in Wheeling, W. Ya., April 27, 1836,
and was reared in Texas, near La Grange, at
Rabes Prairie, whither his father, J. W. Cook,
Sr., had removed when his son was a mere boy.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Two rears after the removal to the south, the
father died, leaving a family of five sons and
two daughters, who were more or less dependent
upon their own exertions for a livelihood. At
the age of sixteen, J. W., not being satisfied
with the opportunities presented in Texas, left
his home and removed to Sonora, Mexico, and
after a few months there, located in California
m 1858. Upon the present site of Los Angeles
he remained for about a year, after w'hich he
took his way to Fort Yuma, where he lived un-
til 1863. On the Colorado river he put in a
ferry boat and made big money, his special op-
portunity being during the trouble between the
United States and Texas. Unfortunately, while
serving as a go-between with the opposing
factions he was arrested and court-martialed,
but eventually secured his release and returned
to California. He here bought some school
warrants for land in the southern part of Los
Angeles county, and m 1879 bought ten acres
of land on the Fernando road, two miles from
the city limits, which is his present home. The
liitherto undeveloped property has been made
to attain to its greatest fertility and usefulness,
the fine house, commodious and convenient
barns, and general modern improvements, con-
stituting a truly desirable and profitable rural
possession. Various kinds of fruit are raised,
and agriculture on a small scale carried on. Mr.
Cook has a family of five children, all of whom
have been educated at the public schools, the
three oldest boys being now men, and inde-
pendent as far as livelihood is concerned. In
national politics he is a Democrat and a strong
southern sympathizer. During his early life Mr.
Cook had much to do with the Indians, and
when but a boy was one of an advance guard
for the pack trains that arrived in the country.
At the Caves near San Pedro valley, Guada-
loupe Pass, seventy-five white men were at one
time massacred, and Mr. Cook was made captain
of a party of three hundred who pursued and
captured the assailants.

A. B. SIMMOXS, :\I. D. Dr. Simmons, of
Chino, was born in Miami county, Ohio, June
17, 1836, and was reared on a farm. While still
a mere boy he went to Kansas to try his fortune
in that then sparsely settled region. For a time
he was employed in a shingle mill. However,
his tastes did not run along commercial lines,
and he was ambitious to gain a good education ;
so he taught school in Iowa, saving the money
until he liad sufficient to procure for him an
academic education, completing his studies in a
private school. Four terms of school teaching
were followed by a visit to Ohio. In 1862, at
Union City, Ind., he enlisted as a private in
Company C, Fifth Indiana Cavalry. Shortly
afterward he was promoted to the rank of first

lieutenant, in which capacity he was serving at
the time of his discharge. While with his regi-
ment at the front he was captured by the enemy
and for seven months was confined in the prisons
at Macon, Ga., Charleston, S. C, and Colum-
bia, S. C.

At the close of the war he matriculated in the
Cincinnati Medical College, where he took the
complete course, graduating in 1867. His first
experience in active practice was gained at
Union City, Ind., and afterward he practiced in
Kansas for eighteen months, going from there
to Illinois, where he spent twelve years at Alor-
risonville. The exposure to inclement weather
and the hardships incident to building up a large
practice that extended for many miles in every
direction seriously undermined his health. In-
deed, so critical was his condition that when he
and his wife started for Southern California she
had little hope of ever reaching here with him
living. When they had gone as far as Kansas
his strength failed so completely that he could
go no further, so they stopped with friends in
Lawrence. After a time he was able to proceed,
and in 1886 they arrived in Los Angeles. A
change soon became apparent and at the expira-
tion of four years he was completely restored to
health and able to begin practice once more.
Going to Filmore, Ventura county, he continued
there until 1897, when he moved to Chino, and
in this place he and his wife have a cozy home
on Central avenue. Mrs. Simmons was formerly
Elizabeth A. Williams, of Morrisonville, 111., and
lliey have one son, Morton E., who is now at-
tending the Los Angeles Commercial College.

Since Dr. Simmons came to Chino he has en-
gaged actively in professional work and has built
up a practice that covers a wide range of terri-
tory. In addition to the management of this, he
has' served as deputy health ofiicer of San Ber-
nardino county, and in other ways has shown
his interest in public afTairs and his desire to
promote the welfare of the community. His
name is enrolled on the membership list of the
California Eclectic Association, and in addition
he is a thoughtful reader of current professional
periodicals, thus keeping in touch w'ith the ad-
vance made within the realm of therapeutics

CHARLES E. PATTERSON. Just about
the time that the attention of eastern people for
the first time was being turned toward the far
west and its possibilities, the gentleman who
now acts as postmaster at Burbank and who
since 1884 has been a resident of the state, was
born in Monroe, Orange county, N. Y., the date
of his birth being December 15, 1849. The
genealogy of the family is traced to John Pat-
terson, who emigrated from Scotland and set-
tled in Orange county, N. Y., where he discov-
ered and owned a mine. In later years the ore

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

from this mine became famous in the manufac-
lure of guns. A son of this emigrant, George
W., was born in New York, where in active life
he conducted a hotel, carried on a store, culti-
■ vated a farm, and owned the mine discovered
by his father. Dunng the war of 1812 he served
in defense of the American cause and for the
freedom of our ships on the sea. Next in line
of descent was Charles Patterson, who was born
and reared in Orange county, N. Y., and spent
his life as a farmer, merchant and hotel pro-
prietor, but, before success had crowned his
exertions, he died at thirty-five years of age.
To him descended the ownership of the mine,
but he sold it before the value of its ore had
become known.

The wife of Charles Patterson was Emeline
Ashland, who descended from a Hessian soldier
of the Revolutionary struggle. This ancestor,
becoming convinced that the cause of America
was a righteous one, deserted the English at the
battle of Trenton, swam the river to the Amer-
ican army, and there, at midnight, took the oath
of allegiance to our country. The next day
found him figiiting in the colonial ranks. At the
close of the war he engaged in teaching school
in New Y'ork state. Mrs. Patterson spent her
early life in that state and after the Civil war
moved to Bufifalo, where she died at sixty-three
years of age. In religion she was connected
with the Episcopal Church. The four children
of her marriage were named as follows: Charles
E., of Burbank, Cal. ; John A., who is living in
San Francisco; Mary E., deceased: and George
W., of Buffalo, N. Y.

When Charles E. Patterson was a boy of seven
years his father died. His education was ob-
tained in the public schools of Orange county.
Starting out for himself at the age of twenty-
two years, he went to Ohio, and followed the
trades of machinist and engineer at Cincinnati
and Portsmouth. A later location was at Aus-
tin, Tex. For five years he traveled in different
states, working as a journeyman machinist. For
six months he was a member of the Texas
Rangers and during that time saw service in
the frontier districts. Two years were afterward
spent in Kansas City. Mo., and Arizona, whence
in 1884 he came to California, and for three
years traveled through the northern part of the
state. It was in June, 1887, that he came to
Burbank, Los Angeles county, and bought forty
acres one-half mile northwest of town, where
he has since engaged in raising walnuts and al-
falfa. Having his own pumping plant, he has
mastered the problem of irrigation, and the
value of his property is greatly increased. His
home is brightened by the presence of his wife
(formerly Mary Bell, of Elkhart, Ind.) and their
three children, Pearl, Julia B. and Forrest A.

During the Civil war Mr. Patterson volun-
teered as an engineer in Company D, First New

York Volunteer Engineer Corps, and for six
inonths served in the engineering corps under
General Grant in the army of the Potomac. In
the battle of Petersburg he was wounded in the
knee, and at Appomattox and Farmville he also
received slight injuries; on another occasion a
ball_ penetrated his hat. At the expiration of his
period of service he was honorably discharged
from the army. Since the organization of the
Grand Army of the Republic he has been warmly
interested in its work, and is now a member of
Kennesaw Post in East Los Angeles. Another
organization with which he is identified is that
of the Foresters. Since becoming a voter he has
always supported Republican principles, and on
that ticL-et he has been elected to various local
offices, besides which he has represented his
party as a delegate to county conventions. He
was elected supervisor from the fifth district of
Los Angeles county, serving for a term of four
years. His interest in educational matters led
him to accept the office of school trustee and this
he filled efficiently for twelve years. In 1898
he was appointed postmaster a't Burbank, and
in this position he has given general satisfaction,
proving himself to be the right man in the right
place.

HENRY ADDISON SCOTT. While Mr.
Scott has been connected with various enter-
prises since he came to Downey in the spring
of 1885, his most intimate associations are with
the banking interests of the community. The
year after his arrival he was instrumental in se-
curing the organization and establishment of the
Los Nietos \'alley Bank, which he conducted for
five years as a private institution. The growth
of the city demanded banking facilities com-
mensurate with the increase of population and
business importance, hence in 189 1 the bank was
incorporated under state laws, and for the ten
ensuing years he acted as cashier and manager,
disposing of his interests in July, 1901. The
Bank of Downey, of which he is now the man-
ager, was organized under his leadership Febru-
ary 12, 1902, and has already gained an estab-
lished place in the finances of the community,
its high standing being due to the confidence
reposed in the manager by the people.

In Benton, near Little Rock, Ark., Mr. Scott
was born July 16, 1852, being the elder of two
children who attained maturity, the other being
David M., who is a farmer at Riverside. Tex.
The father, Joseph, was born in Alabama, the
son of a South Carolinan, and at the age of six
years was taken to Arkansas by his parents. On
attaining manhood he selecte'd agriculture for
his life work, and by a course of industry and
economy acquired a farm and a number of
.slaves. However, like many other southerners,
li^e suffered severe reverses by reason of the
Civil war. For many years he served as county

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

judge and at other times he was called to differ-
ent local offices of trust and responsibility. His
sympathies being with the south, he enlisted in
a company of home guards, of which he was
colonel uiitil the last year of the struggle, when
he joined Price's command, on its raid to Mis-
souri, as a private. When financial troubles
came, he might have availed himself of the
bankrupt law and evaded the payment of his
debts, but not considering such a course honor-
able, he set himself to the task of paying every
dollar of his own indebtedness, besides endorse-
ments he had made for friends. In spite of these
discouragements he is now comfortably situated
financially, and, at seventy-four years of age,
still manages his farm and looks after his vari-
ous interests. In early manhood he married
Elizabeth Dodd, who was born in Alabama and
reared in Arkansas, dying there at twenty-four
years of age. In religion she was a Baptist,
while her husband was connected with the Meth-
odist Episcopal denomination.

When four years of age Henry A. Scott was
orphaned by the death of his mother. He was
then taken into the home of his grandparents,
but, at the second marriage of his father, two
years later, he returned home, remaining there
until seventeen years of age. His first employ-
ment was that of clerk in Benton and Little
Rock, and his leisure hours were utilized in
study, in order that he might acquire an educa-
tion. In 1875 he entered the employ of the
Iron Mountain Railway Company as agent at
Boughton, Ark., from which point he was trans-
ferred to Malvern and thence to Fulton. After
six and one-half years with the railroad he
turned his attention to the mercantile business
in Malvern, in which enterprise he continued
for three and one-half years. From Arkansas he
came to California in 1885 and settled in Dow-
ney, where he conducted manufacturing interests
a short time, and has since been interested in
hanking. In addition, he owns and conducts a
warehouse for the storage of fruit, and the pack-
ing and handling of grain ; also superintends his
walnut ranch of seven and one-half acres, situ-
ated one-half mile from Downey, and forming
his homestead. Mrs. Scott was formerly Miss
Carrie Smith, of Missouri, and they have an
only daughter, Elma A., now twelve years of
age. The family attend the Christian Church,
with which Mrs. Scott is identified. Politically
a believer in Democratic principles, Mr. Scott
is always ready to assist such of his friends as
are candidates for office in his party, but has
never sought or desired official positions for
himself. In fraternal relations he is a member
of Downey Lodge No. 220, F. & A. M., and
Nietos Lodge No. 197, I. O. O. F. His honor-
able course in business, excellent financial abil-
ity and tact in the management of affairs have
brought him before the public and have given

him a merited reputation for reliability and skill
in the conduct of important banking interests.

JOSEPH SMITH. Very few of the citizens
of Downey have been identified with its history
and development for a longer period than has
Mr. Smith, the present postmaster. Arriving in
Los Angeles county in 1873, three years later
he came to Downey, and identified himself with
the interests of this then straggling and unambi-
tious community. In this and adjoining districts
he was engaged as school teacher for nine years,
and during vacations found employment as clerk
in stores. His first appointment 'to the office
of postmaster came in 1889, at which time he
held the commission for four years, and then
after an interval of four years, was again
appointed to the office, which he has since filled
with efficiency and energ)'.

The parents of Mr. Smith were Joseph and
]\Iary A. (Staley) Smith, natives of England, the
latter having been born near the birthplace of
John Wesley. After their marriage they came
to the United States in 1842 and settled in the
then frontier county of McDonough, III., where
the father bought raw land in Eldorado town-
sliip and devoted his subsequent years to the
development of a valuable farm. He was a par-
ticipant in the Mormon war which threatened
the disruption of the neighboring county of Han-
cock, during the winter of 1845-46. Years after-
ward, when the Civil war came on, he was eager
to assist soldiers and their families and gave his
support to the cause of the Union. On the or-
ganization of the Republican party he became
one of its adherents and afterward sustained its
principles by his ballot. Schoolhouses, churches,
and all movements for the good of the commu-
nity received his support to the extent of his
ability, and he was public-spirited to an unusual
degree. When he died he was four score years
of age, and his wife passed away when eighty-
one. Both were faithful members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Churcii. In their family were
three children, namely: Joseph, who was bom
in Eldorado township, McDonough county, III.,
June 17, 1845, and is now living in Downey,
Cal.; Mary A., Mrs. Robinson, and Rebecca,
Mrs. William Miles, both of Illinois.

With a desire to acquire a better education
ihan the district schools afforded, Joseph Smith
saved his earnings on the farm and at twenty-
one entered Lincoln (111.) University, an institu-
tion under the auspices oftheCumberland Pres-
byterian Church. After having graduated with
honors he began to teach school, following the
occupation a year in Illinois, and in 1873 coming
to California, where he taught at Spadra for
three years. Since then he has made Downey
his home. In 1872 he married Eugenia Jones,
of Lincoln, III., who died in 1886, leaving three

c^G^.^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

893

children: Minnie, wife of W. W. Cocke, of
Downey; Joseph Howard, who is engaged in
the jewelry business at Colton, Cal. ; and Wil-
liam Perry, an employe in the Los An-
geles postoflice. The present wife of Mr.
Smith was formerly Miss Anna Barnett and
has resided in Downey from childhood. In pol-
itics he is pronounced in his support of the Re-
publican party. For eight years he served as a
member of the school board, besides which he
has filled other local offices. In fraternal matters
he is connected with the Ancient Order of
United Workmen. His activity in religious af-
fairs has extended over a long period of years.
In the Methodist Episcopal Church South he
has officiated as a trustee and steward, besides
filling the office of Sunday-school superintend-

WILLIAM S. PARKS. In innumerable
ways the county of Santa Barbara has profited
by the residence upon its fertile acres of \\'illiam
S. Parks, one of the most successful agricultur-
ists in the neighborhood of the town, and one
who, as supervisor, has accomplished much in
bringing about general improvements. He was
born in Baltimore county, Md., in 1847, ^ son of
Peter and Angeline (Treadwell) Parks, who
were also born in Maryland. On the maternal
and paternal side of the family English descent
is claimed, the mother being a daughter of Wil-
liam Treadwell, and the father, who was a farmer
in Baltimore county, being a son of Peter Parks,
Sr., whose father emigrated from England some
time during the eighteenth century.

When a child of tender years, William S.
Parks went to live with his oldest sister in the
city of Baltimore, and was there reared to ma-
turity and educated in the public schools. At
the age of twenty-one he returned to his home
in the country, and farmed on the old homestead
for three years. He then removed to Indiana,
forty miles from Chicago, and engaged in farm-
ing for four years. While living in the Hoosier
state he married Corinne J. Pierce, a native of
Indiana, and daughter of I. B. Pierce, originally
from Canada, and an old settler in Indiana. In
1875 Mr. Parks came to California and bought
fifty-two acres on the Modoc road, two miles
west of the courthouse. To this he has since
added so that at present he has one hundred and
twenty-eight acres of land, and besides rents six-
teen hundred and fifty acres belonging to other
parties. He engages in general farming, stock-
raising, and bean culture, having sixty acres
of the latter product. There is a model dairy on
the farm, and one of the most pleasant houses in
the county. Milk from the dairy is delivered
every day in Santa r>arbara, two wagons making
stated trips, and supplying a large demand. The
railroad runs through the farm, and a nearby-
station is being considered.

Five children have been born to Mr. ami Mrs.
Parks: Maud, who is the widow of Clare Hil-
ton, of Santa Barbara; I. B., Arthur, Pearl and
Harry. The children are objects of special pride
to their parents, who are giving them every ad-
vantage in an educational way. The sons are of
great assistance to their father in the manage-
ment of his large interests, Arthur especially is
worthy of mention, for his interest in everrtliing
pertaining to the farms is fullv as deep as Jiis
father's.

In politics Mr. Parks is a Republican, as was
his father before him. In November of i8g8
he was eletced supervisor of the third district, his
re-election following in 1900. His administra-
tion has been noteworthy, for, in co-operation
with Messrs. Tallant, Broughton, Cox and Bay-
lard, the other supervisors, great results have
been achieved. When first elected Mr. Parks
found few bridges in his district, but now there
are numerous stone culverts, excellent bridges,
and the hills have been graded down. The
former existing debt has been wiped out, and at
present there is more money in the treasun- of
the third district than in aiiy of the other five.
The services of Mr. Parks are fortunately appre-
ciated by his fellow townsmen, who recognize in
him one who has the best interests of his neigh-
borhood at heart, and who uses his position" of
trust as a stepping stone to the highest citizen-
ship possible. Fraternally he is connected with
the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the
.Odd Fellows at Santa Barbara.

L. D. HOCKETT, M. D. Descended from
an old southern family, of Scotch-English ex-
traction, and devoted believers in the Society
of Friends, the Hockett family was established
ui the north by Jonathan Hockett, a native of
North Carolina and a pioneer of Clinton countv,
Ohio. His son, Seth, was born and reared in
Guilford county, N. C, and in early manhood
entered land from the government in Ohio,
after which he continued to make Clinton
county the scene of his activities. At the
time of his death he was sixty-five years of
age. His birthright membership in the
Society of Friends was never allowed to lapse,
but the teachings of the sect were strictly fol-
lowed in his daily life. In Ohio occurred his
marriage to Nancy Garner, who was born in
Maryville, Tenn., and in childhood accompanied
her parents to Ohio, where she died at forty
years of age. Like her husband, she belonged
to a strict Quaker family. Of their seven chil-
dren the oldest, Zimri, was born in Clinton
county January 12. 1820, and as a bov became
inured to the hardest kind of farm toil, that of
clearing a tract of raw land. On starting out
for himself he learned the trade of earthenware
manufacturing, which he conducted at Martins-

804

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ville for twenty years. Finally, however, the in-
vention of moulds ruined the trade, and he
.sought other pursuits. Going to Watseka, 111.,
he embarked in the manufacture of drain tile,
which lie continued for fourteen years, meeting
with fair success. On his retirement from busi-
ness, in 1899, he came to California, settling at
Whittier, where he has since made his home.

The wife of Zimri Hockett was Lucindn
Bundy, who traced her lineage back to French-
Huguenot ancestry and who was a member of
the Society of Friends, as is also her husband.
They were the parents of nine children, namely.
Allen, who died at forty years ; Milton, who was
thirty-five at the time of his death; Mary, de-
ceased; Silas, who is engaged in the manufac-
ture of gold drv w ashing machines in San Fran-
cisco; Alonzo.'M. D., of Whittier; John, of El
Paso, Tex.; Newton, who has a large music
store in San Francisco, and is also a partner of
his brother, Silas, in the manufacturing business;
Nancy, Mrs. Tabor, deceased; and Lewis, who
is engaged in the piano business in Toledo,
Ohio. The tw-o eldest sons were soldiers in the
Union army during the Civil war, and the others
were equally ardent in their support of the
Union, but were too young to be accepted for
service. .

At Martinsville, Clinton county, Ohio, L. D.
Hockett was born August 24, 1854, being a son
of Zimri and Lucinda Hockett. During the
summer months, when the closing of the schools
gave him an opportunity for work, he assisted
his father in the manufacturing business. In
1875 he began to read medicine with Dr. L. M.
Bundy, of Watseka, 111., and later attended the
Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, also
the Bennett Medical College of Chicago, finally
completing his course of lectures in the College
of Physicians & Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa.
In 1881 he began to practice at Ash Grove, 111.,
and from there in 1892 removed to Cissnapark,
also in Iroquois county, where he remained
until his removal to California in 1898. Since
beginning practice it has been his aim to keep
in touch with all improvements and develop-
ments in the medical science, hence he has not
only been a student of current medical literature
and an attendant upon medical conventions,
but, in a broader way, he has received help
through his post-graduate courses, one of
which he took in Bennett Medical College in
1890-91, another in Chicago in 1897, while dur-
ing his early years of practice, in 1885, he spent
three months'in the college at Cincinnati where
he had first studied.

In 1882 Dr. Hockett married Miss Mary A.
Brown, of Joliet, 111., the daughter of a Meth-
odist minister and herself an active worker in
that denomination. They have four children, all
at home, namely: Neni M., Harold B., Bessie
and Lonnie. At no time has Dr. Hockett been

willing to turn aside from professional work to
enter the field of political activity, and his only
acceptance of official honors was in the position
of councilman, which he filled for two years,
having been elected to the position by the Re-
publican party. Fraternally he is connected with
the Knights of Pythias at Whittier, the Frater-
nal Aid, Modern Woodmen of America and
Lodge No. 322, F. & A. M., of \Miittier.

A. H. DUNLAP. Practically the entire life
of Mr. Dunlap has been spent in California, as
he was a small child when his parents crossed
the southern plains to the Pacific coast. Ad-
joining the city of Whittier stands his home-
stead of eighty acres, where, in 1890, he erected
a commodious and attractive three-story frame
residence for the abode of his family. Surround-
ing the house are extensive and well-kept
grounds, adorned by palms and roses and a
thrifty orange grove. In the vicinity of Whit-
tier he owns about one hundred and twenty-five
acres, all of which (excepting a few acres in
oranges for home use) is under cultivation to
English w'alnuts, which he has found to be the
most profitable crop that can be raised in South-
ern California.

From his native county of Perry, Mo., John
Dunlap went to Texas in young manhood and
entered state land near Belton, Bell county,
where he engaged in raising cattle and horses,
and was a ranger in the Mexican war. In Texas
he married Mary Huston, who was born in Mis-
sissippi and died in California in 1900, aged sev-
enty-three years. Desiring to conduct a stock
business in California, during 1854 John Dunlap
started with his family and his wife's brother
across the country, with a drove of cattle and
horses. While on the trip the Indians killed his
brother-in-law and stampeded the horses, steal-
ing nearly all of them. Impeded by these dis-
couragements, he started to work to recoup his
losses, and was so successful that he became a
very large stock-raiser. For two years after his
arrival in the state he lived on a ranch at El
Monte, thence removed to what is now Kern
county and bought a large tract of land near
Baker'sfield. In 1872 he bought a stock ranch
of four thousand acres near Redlands, and on
this property, known as Yucaipe ranch, he con-
tinued stock-raising and general farm pursuits
until his death, in 1875, at sixty-four years of
age. The success that he gained was due to his
persevering industry and energy. Devoting his
attention closely to his personal affairs, he took
no part in politics aside from voting the Demo-
cratic ticket, nor was he identified with any fra-
ternity except the Masonic Order, in which he
served as a master mason. After his death the
town of Redlands sprang into existence, and
his children, on the division among them of the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

estate of four thousand acres, incorporated what
is now the Yucaipe Water Company, which has
since suppHed water for a part of the city and
vicinity. They still own the entire estate, which
is very valuable property.

Of eleven children who attained maturity A.
H. Dunlap was the second son, and was born
near Belton, Tex., December 23^ 1849. At five
years of age he was brought to California, and
as soon as large enough to ride a horse he began
to accompany his father in his expeditions, driv-
ing as many as four thousand head of sheep
from one ranch and grazing them through to
Arizona, to ship or sell. During his days as a
cowboy he had many thrilling experiences with
wild animals and hostile Indians, but with the
incoming of settlers and the onward march of
civilization this country became more like east-
ern settlements. After having superintended
the Redlands ranch for two years, in 1872 he re-
moved to the vicinity of Rivera, buying forty
acres which he planted to walnuts. From there
he came to the suburbs of Whittier in 1890. In
the organization of the Bank of Whittier he was
one of the leading factors and has since been
one of the stockholders of its capital stock of
$50,000. Reared in the faith of the Democratic
party, he continued in its support until the con-
vention of 1896 declared for the silver standard;
not believing the adoption of such a measure
would be beneficial to the country, he cast his
vote for William McKinley for president. Like
his father, he is connected with the Masons.

In San Bernardino county, in 1872, Mr. Dun-
lap married Aliss Susan Standefer, daughter of
James S. and Caroline R. Standefer, and a native
of Texas. In childhood she accompanied her
parents to California; her mother died at
Pomona April 20, 1888, and one of her brothers,
William R., a Californian of considerable prom-
inence, died in the Ranchito district April 4,
1879. ^^rs. Dunlap is associated with the
Christian Church and an attendant at its ser-
vices. Born of her marriage are five sons and
three daughters, namely: Albert Huston, who is
a rancher and horticulturist near Rivera; Wil-
liam Tyler, who died at twenty-one years of age ;
John, who occupies a large ranch at Redlands;
Ross, Randall Montgomery and Minnie, at
liome; Lena A., who is a student in the Art
Institute of Chicago; and Lillian, at home. In
all of his dealings with his fellow-men Mr. Dun-
lap has been straightforward and honorable, by
which course of action, continued during the
long period of his business activity, he has won
the friendship and confidence of associates. Of
a modest and retiring disposition, he scarcely
does justice to his own capabilities, but ascribes
his success to the training of his parents, the
efficient co-operation of his wife, and the op-
portunities which Southern California offers
men of determination.

ALLEN J. WILSON. Nowhere within the
limits of Los Angeles county can' there be found
a citizen who takes a greater interest in general
horticultural afifairs, and particularly in the pack-
ing business, than does Mr. Wilson, of Whittier.
I'avorably known as a self-reliant man of busi-
ness ability, he has won the confidence of peo-
ple in the line of his specialty, while as a citizen,
no less than as a packer and shipper, he is highly
esteemed. Through the exercise of fair judg-
ment and sound common sense, he is meeting
with a success that is as gratifying as it is de-
served.

Though a native of Cedar county, Iowa, A. J.
Wilson spent his early childhood years princi-
pally in Kansas, having been only four years of
age when his father, James K. ^Vilson, took the
family to that state and settled near Osage. A
few years later they came to California, and the
son's education was largely carried on in Los
Angeles. In 1897 he came to Whittier and the
following year the other members of the family
joined him here, his father being now engaged
m the wholesale fruit business in this town.
From boyhood he has been familiar with the
fruit business, and soon after his arrival in Whit-
tier he was placed in charge of the packing
houses of the Earl Fruit Company. The details
of this work occupied the winter months, while
in the summer he devoted his attention to buy-
mg fruit for the canneries. His next step was
the forming of a partnership with his brother,
E. E., and the two continued together in the
packing and shipping business at Whittier until
October, 1901, when A. J. bought his brother's
interest and has since operated alone. During
1901 his shipments aggregated in value about
$100,000, and included two hundred cars of
oranges and lemons and forty cars of potatoes.
The output m 1902 will reach about the same
amount.

Thoroughly absorbed in business aft'airs, Mr.
Wilson does not participate in political affairs,
aside from casting his vote for Republican meas-
ures and candidates. In 1901 he married Miss
Katherine Black, who was born at San Juan,
and has always made California her home. In
religious connections she is a member of the
Episcopal Church.

THOMAS F. SIMPSON. As superintendent
of the Los Angeles county farm Air. Simpson
has been placed in charge of an institution car-
ing for one hundred and ninety-three persons at
the present time; while he also maintains a gen-
eral oversight of the property, consisting of
three hundred and forty acres, the larger part
of which is under cultivation. Thirty acres have
been planted in oranges forming a thrifty grove,
now in bearing condition. The neat and attrac-
tive appearance of the farm is frequently com-
mented upon by visitors, and proves, better than

896

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

words could do, tlie energetic and efficient super-
vision of the manager.

Of Canadian birth, Mr. Simpson was born in
Ontario November i6, 1862. His father, Alex-
ander, a native of Scotland, settled in New York
state as a boy, having crossed the ocean with his
mother. In his young manhood he removed to
Canada, where he married Anne McFadzean, of
Scottish birth, but a resident of Canada from
childhood. Agriculture formed his occupation
from early youth until he died at fifty-two years
of age. His wife still survives him. Both were
strict members of the Presbyterian Church and
possessed all the religious fervor and loyalty
characteristic of the true Scot. Of their eleven
children Thomas F. was third in order of birth.
On completing the studies of grammar and high
schools he began to teach when nineteen years
of age, and during the next two years taught
twenty-two months. For a short time afterward
he was employed in Montreal and the lower
provinces.

Coming to California in 1884, Mr. Simpson
secured employment in Tulare county. Two
years later he removed to Los Angeles, where
he experienced as a dealer in real estate, all the
fluctuations, excitement and reaction incident to
the boom, the decadence of which found him
"stranded" financially. His next venture was as
a prospector in Idaho, Washington and Montana
mines, where he met with fair success. Return-
ing to Los Angeles county, he was employed as
foreman on a ranch near Englewood, where for
ten years he had charge of a grain and stock
ranch of sixteen thousand acres. On resigning
as foreman, he spent six months in Kansas City,
Mo., after which he returned to his former posi-
tion. About a year later, February i, 1900, he
was appointed superintendent of the Los
.\ngeles county farm at Downey. By his mar-
riage to Miss Delia Shereman, a native of Kan-
sas, he has one daughter, Olive. In politics he
IS a Republican. For several years he acted as
deputy sherift of his district, but aside from that
he has held no offices, nor has he desired posi-
tions of a political nature. In fraternal relations
he is connected with the Independent Order of
Foresters and the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows.

ATWOOD SPROUL. In the colonial period
of America's history a Scotchman crossed the
ocean from his native land to Maine. At the
time of the Revolution he was master of a vessel
that fell into the possession of the British, and
officers and crew became prisoners-of-war.
Realizing that he faced certain death in their
hands, he jumped overboard ofif the coast of
.Vewfoundland and swam ashore, then ran back
into the rocks, which furnished him a sure hid-
ing place. He served bravely, in the war and
afterward returned to Maine, where he lived to

be very aged. His son, William, was born in
Bristol, Me., and met with fair success as a
farmer, also held a number of local offices, given
him by the Democratic party. At the time of
his death he was sixty-seven years of age. His
wife, who bore the maiden name of Susan Bug-
bee, w"as born in Maine and died there when
sixty-two years of age. They were the parents
of thirteen children, eight of whom attained ma-
ture years.

Near Augusta, Me., Atvvood Sproul was born
March 3, 1835, a son of William and Susan
Sproul. In 1854 he left home for the distant
state of California, where he mined for four
years, meeting with alternate successes and re-
verses. On leaving the mines he went to Hum-
boldt county, Cal., and for a year was employed
in a saw and flour mill. Seven months were
then spent as a prospector and miner in Trinity
county, from which he returned to Humboldt
county for the winter. The spring of 1862 found
him in what is now Grant county, Ore., w'here
he pursued his mining ventures, built the
Humboldt ditch and erected a sawmill on .the
ditch. This mill he operated with fair success
for twenty years. A claim that he opened in the
vicinity, known as the Humboldt mine, is still
being worked.

In the spring of 1886 Mr. Sproul disposed of
his property in Oregon and came to Norwalk,
Cal., where he and his brother, Gilbert H., had
purchased four hundred and fifty-seven acres of
unimproved land in the winter of 1868. The
village of Norwalk now stands on his old ranch.
Immediately after settling here permanently, he
built a iivery barn and began the buying, selling
and training of horses. At this writing he owns
sixteen head of thoroughbred runners, among
them being Conveth, a chestnut horse, 187, that
sold for $10,000 as a yearling, but w^as injured
when young. Tlie pedigree of this stallion shows
the great prominence of the three greatest
of England's racing families in the first half of
the nineteenth century, viz. : the blood of Waxy,
winner of the derby of 1793, as exemplified
through the two sons. Whalebone, winner of
the derby of 1810, and Whisker, winner in 1815;
the blood of Oroville, winner of the St. Leger
of 1802, as exemplified in Emilius, derby of 1823,
and Muley, who got Margrave, the Leger winner
of 1832, and Yespa, winner of the Epson Oaks
in 1833: also the blood of Touchstone, the great-
est stallion of the past seventy-five years, as
exemplified through Orlando, derby winner of
1844, and the sire of Teddington, winner in
1 85 1. Conveth is by Favonius, dam Craco-
viene by Trumpeter and Cachucha; Favonius
by Parmesan and Zephyr, all of these being of
the finest breeds.

The original property purchased by Mr.
Sproul at Norwalk cost only $11 an acre, but
through the laying out of the town site by him-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

self and brother, and through the improvements
he has made, the value of the land has greatly
advanced. Several years ago he sold one hun-
dred and sixty acres in a body, and at other
times he has disposed of small tracts, but he still
retains a considerable acreage, some under cul-
tivation and some in pasturage and hay. By his
marriage to Miss Caroline SoUinger of Norwalk
he has two daughters, Carrie and Deatrice. In
politics he is a Republican and always votes with
the party, although not active in its affairs, nor
at anv time seeking- official honors.

HENRY H. STEVENSON. During the
times of religious persecution in Scotland the
Stevenson family sought safety in the north of
Ireland and from there a later generation crossed
the ocean to America, settling in North Caro-
lina. Robert Stevenson and four of his brothers
enlisted from that colony for service in the Rev-
olutionary war, where he fought for indepen-
dence and liberty. Later he migrated to Ken-
tucky and from there went to Caledonia, Belle-
view valley in Missouri, wdiere he became one of
the foremost men of his day and locality. He
aided in building the first Presbyterian church
erected west of the Mississippi. He was a mem-
ber of the first state constitutional convention of
Missouri, also a member of the first state legis-
lature of Missouri, which met in St. Louis. On
the occasion of attending the meeting of that
body he was accompanied by his son, John, who,
at the time, saw the first steamboat that ever cast
anchor in the St. Louis docks. Later the fam-
ily removed to what is now Butler county. Mo.,
where this Revolutionary herO' and brave pioneer
spent his last days.

Born in Kentucky in 1807, John Stevenson
graduated from a college in Indiana and studied
medicine, but did not engage in practice, turning
his attention instead to surveying. As county
surveyor and deputy United States surveyor he
surveyed the greater part of southeastern Mis-
souri, and laid out the town of Poplar BlufT in
Butler county, whicli he named. On the estab-
lishment of the county he was elected the first
county judge. In 1850 he crossed the plains to
California, in the hope of finding gold, return-
ing east via Panama three years later. Again
in 1857 he crossed the plains, this time accom-
panied by his son, Henry H., and driving a herd
of cattle, which formed the nucleus of his herd
in Santa Clara county. When he returned to
Missouri in i860, it was his intention to again
come to California, but the outbreak of the Civil
war changed his plans, and he remained in Mis-
souri, dying in Wayne county. His wife, Eliz-
abeth, was born in Illinois and died in Missouri
in 1847. Her father, Abraham Walters, was a
native of Virginia and died in Illinois. Of her
two children who attained mature years, Henr\
H. alone survives. He wa.s born in Butler coun-

ty, Mo., August 28, 1840. His education was re-
ceived in pubhc schools and Arcadia College.

One of the most vivid recollections in the life
of Mr. Stevenson is of the six months' journe\
across the plains with his falher in 1857, when
they brought three hundred head of cattle to Cal-
ifornia. Indians were hostile and numerous, and
on one occasion attacked the party. Indeed,
from_ Salt Lake City to Carson continual skir-
mishing was necessary, and had it not been that
many white men had joined forces and made one
large expedition, herds and men alike would have
perished. Among the men who had joined them
were Governor Denver and Bishop, with their
government escort, which made an addition so
formidable that the Indians concluded retreat
was safer than any more fighting. At last the
company arrived in California, with their thirtv
wagons on the end gate of each of which was
tied an Indian scalp. As may be imagined, the
cavalcade attracted no little attention, for Indian
scalps were not seen ever)- day, although fights
were numerous with the red men.

Though only a youth of seventeen, Mr. Ste-
venson did a man's work during all of the triji
and stood his turn as guard with the others. In
i860 he returned with his father via Panama, and
the next year joined the Missouri state troops
under Colonel Hedgepeth while Jackson was
governor. While acting as scout' under Jeft
Thompson he was captured at Greenville by
Colonel Boyd's troops and was brought into the
colonel's presence and condemned to be shot as a
spy. However, he was imprisoned a few da\s.
which gave him his chance to escape. One even-
ing the provost marshal was forced to lie down,
suflfering from a severe headache. Just before
he had asked the prisoner to assist to write out
some passes. He availed himself of the provost's
absence to make out one pass for himself, and
when night came on, he Bed, seeking refuge in
Arkansas. At the expiration of his year of serv-
ice he was given his choice between returning
home or re-enlisting in the Confederate amiy.
He chose the former, returned home, secured his
father's permission to come to California, and in
the fall of 1862 arrived in San Francisco via
New York and Panama. His condition was not
very prosperous, as he did not even have a dol-
lar in his possession. However, health and de-
termination constitute excellent capital for a
young man, and he was soon at work. For four
years he was deputy county assessor and collec-
tor, for two years he was deputy clerk, and for
two years deputy recorder. Ill health caused him
to remove to Southern California in 1876 anrl
for a year he worked at the carpenter's trade in
Los Angeles, after which he bought a farm at
Downey, and made his home there from 1879
until 1892. He still owns twenty-four acres of
walnuts, which he improved from a wilderness
and has made a valuable orchard. The land is

900

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

one and one-half miles north of Downey and
one mile south of Rivera. Since 1892 he has con-
sidered Long Beach his home and here he owns
and occupies a residence on Fifth street near
American avenue. -Fraternally he is connected
with the Independent Order of Foresters. In
Santa Clara county he married Miss Mary M.
\\'alter, who was bom in 1852 in what is now
Xevada while her parents were en route to Cal-
ifornia. Her father, George Walter, was a na-
tive of Ohio, and after coming to the coast en-
gaged in horticultural pursuits at Downey, but
died at V entura.

In October, 1899. Mr. Stevenson was ap
pointed interpreter and clerk to Alajor Morrison,
judge-advocate oi the Philippines, and went to
those islands, remaining fourteen months, and
returning home in :vlarch, 1901. During his stay
he was s'tationed principally at Zamboanga. Mm-
danao Island. Availing himself of exceptional
opportunities afforded him to study resources,
climate, soil, people and prospects, he acquired a
large fund of valuable information, and was so
well pleased with what he saw that he antici-
pates returning to the Philippines and investing
in property there as soon as the difficulties arc
settled. His studv of the political situation, car-
ried on under favorable conditions, has made him
an anti-imperialist, with a firm belief that to add
the Philippines to our national possessions will
not be for the highest good either of our coun-
trv or of the islands themselves.

CHARLES C. MASON. Scarcely any one
now living within a few miles of Santa Fe
Springs has made his home in this locality for so
long a period as has Mr. Mason, who dates his
residence on his present homestead from De-
cember of 1875. Impelled to seek California by
reason of failing health, he closed out his inter-
ests in the central states and came to Los
Angeles county, where under the beneficent in-
fluence of sunshine and ideal climate his health
was soon restored. Shortly after his arrival he
bought thirty acres of raw land, the improve-
ment of which represents the arduous labors of
succeeding years. In 1876 he planted orange
trees, but, later, not feeling satisfied with the
results, he replaced them with English walnuts.
At this writing he has thirty-three acres of wal-
nut grove near Whittier which has recently
commenced to bear and promises well for the
future; in addition he still owns his original
ranch, a part of which is under nuts and the
balance in pasture.

In an early day Robert and Elizabeth Mason
emigrated from England. The day after they
landed in New Jersey a son was born to them,
who was given his father's name. Moving sub-
sequently to Indiana, the son assisted in clearing
land and doing other pioneer work. On starting
out for himself he bought a farm near the home

place, and the patent for this, bearing the signa-
ture of President Monroe, is now in the posses-
sion of Charles C. ]\Iason. The task of clearing
this tract necessitated many hardships and sacri-
fices, hut the attainment of the end fully justified
the labor necessary thereto. At the time of his
death, when seventy-two years of age, Robert
Mason, Jr., left a considerable estate to his chil-
dren, the result of his industrious and persever-
ing life. For many years he was a leader in
the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he
was a Republican. He married Lodisa Clark,
who was born and reared in New York state,
and died in California at seventy-three years.
Like him, she was devoted to the work of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. Of their eight
children all but one are still living, Charles C.
being the second of these.

At Lawrenceburg, Dearborn county, Ind.,
Charles C. Mason was born January i, 1842.
After completing public school studies he en-
tered college, but his tastes did not run in the
line of book-learning and, as soon as possible,
he entered upon a business career. At the age
of twenty-one he began buying and selling grain
and hay, and trading down the Ohio and Missis-
sippi rivers on flatboats, but the outbreak of the
war ruined that trade. Seeking a new location
and occupation, he went to St. Paul, i\Iinn.,
where he became interested in a wholesale boot
and shoe house. Much of his time he spent as a
commercial traveler, being one of the first
traveling men out from that city. With E. P.
Johnson as partner, he took the first shoe-
manufacturing machinery into Minnesota and
owned and operated a factory there. The
severity of the winters in those northern regions,
added to the strain of heavy business responsi-
bilities, overtaxed his strength, and obliged him
to seek another location and business. In this
way he happened to come to California, where
for a quarter of a centkiry he has been an honored
citizen of Santa Fe Springs. In Indiana he mar-
ried Miss Sarah L. Blasdel, who had been his
schoolmate at Lawrenceburg. They have two
daughters, namely: Lucinda J., wife of Frederick
D. Smith, of Visalia, Cal. ; and Emma J., who is
with her parents.

Ever since casting a presidential vote for
.'\braham Lincoln, Mr. Mason has been a pro-
nounced Republican, a constant attendant upon
county conventions, a believer in a high pro-
tective tariff which will aid our home industries,
and a worker in behalf of his party. Elected
county assessor in 1886, he filled that responsi-
ble position in a satisfactory manner, notwith-
standing the fact that its duties were unusually
trying by reason of the raising of almost $350,-
000 to be used for the building of the court-
house and making other improvements. His
service lasted from 1887 to 1890 inclusive. As
an officer, it was his policy to select honest and

-^^rz-ic^^^lr^A^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

901

intelligent deputies, familiar with property valu-
ations, and to these was given the task of mak-
ing assessments on real-estate. There were
many, not only of his own party but others as
well, wiio bestowed the greatest praise upon his
efficient discharge of official duties. In fraternal
relations he is connected with the Ancient Order
of United \\'orkmen, the blue lodge of Masons
and the Eastern Star.

WILLIAM \\'ALLACE ROBLEE, M. D.
( )n both family lines Dr. Roblee has a strain of
P'rench blood, his patronymic originally being
Roblyrd. He was born near Willoughby, Iowa,
February 2, 1872, and received a liberal educa-
tion, completing his literary studies in Emporia
(Kans.) College. In 1889 he was made physi-
cal director of the gymnasium department of the
Young Men's Oiristian Association, of Topeka,
and about that time commenced the study of
medicine under the direction of Drs. Hebben and
Jones. Then, going to Oakland, Cal., he held a
similar position with the local association of
young men and continued his preparation for a
medical career. Completing a four years' course
in the Cooper Medical College of San Francisco
in 1895, he at once settled in Riverside and soon
was made a health ofificer of this place.

In 1896 Dr. Roblee joined the California Na-
tional Guard, and was commissioned by Gov-
ernor Budd as assistant surgeon of the Seventh
Regiment, with the rank of captain. When the
Spanish-American war came on, he accompanied
his regiment to San Francisco, and remained in
the service until the conflict was over, holding
the saine rank and office, and since that time ha?
been raised to the post of regimental surgeon,
with the rank of major. Until he went to the
war service he had been the medical examiner
for several old-line life insurance companies and
also officiated as a member of the L'nited States
pension examining board. At the present time
he holds the position of the medical examiner for
the local lodges of the Odd Fellows, Knights of
the Maccabees, Woodmen of the World. Frater-
nal Aid and Ancient Order of United Work-
men, and is also associated with the American
and Riverside County Medical Associations and a
member of the National Association of Military
Surgeons.

JOHN PADDISON. On a ranch three-
(|uaTters of a mile northwest of Norwalk, Los
.\ngeles county, Mr. Paddison is busily engaged
in 'prosecuting the work of a horticulturist and
dairyman. With justice he may be denominated
a pioneer, since he came to his present home-
stead in July of 1879 and has ever since been
associated with the growth and development of
the community. Having only limited means, his
first purchase was limited to forty-four acres,
which, being unimproved, was secured at a low

figure. From time to time he had made addi-
tions to the property, until the ranch now con-
tains two hundred and seventy-six acres, princi-
pally in pasture and alfalfa. 'When cheese fac-
tories were started, he concluded that the dairy
business would prove more profitable than
previously; accordingly, he stocked his place
with a high grade of cattle and has since sold
large quantities of milk. At this writing he
milks about thirty standard-bred Holsteins, the
majority of which were raised on his place.

A native of Wales, John Paddison was born
June 14, 1845, and is a son of George and Ann
(House) Paddison, natives of England. On the
home farm he passed the uneventful vears of
youth. At the age of twenty-four years,' in 1869,
he crossed the ocean to America, proceeding at
once to Dekalb county. 111, where he secured
employment on a farm. From there he went
still further west, settling in Douglas county,
Colo., where he carried on a stock-raising busi-
ness for three years. Disposing of his interests
there, in 1876 he came to California and for two
or more years rented a ranch near Downev, after
which he came to the propertv that is now his
home. In 1877 he married Miss Anna P. Stokes,
of Artesia, Los Angeles county, who was born
in England and came to the 'United States in
1875. Of their union are three children, Edith,
Edward and Mabel. The familv are members of
the Episcopal Church and hold 'an honored place
in the best social circles of their locality. No
consideration of politics (for he is independent
in his political opinions) and no attractions of
fraternal organizations (for he is identified with
none) have ever turned Mr. Paddison aside from
the thoughtful and constant supervision of his
ranch, and, being of a quiet and home-loving
disposition, when his day's labors are ended, he
finds his greatest happiness in his home and the
society of his family; notwithstanding this, he
neglects no duty as a citizen, but supports move-
ments for the benefit of his town and county to
the extent of his abilitv to assist them.

GEORGE HUNTINGTON PECK. Sr.
This California pioneer of 1849, now residing in
Pasadena, was born in Burlington, Vt., March
4, 1819, a son of John and Almira (Keyes) Peck.
In 1833 he entered the University of 'Vermont,
where constant study, unrelieved bv the athletic
sports of the present day, undermined his con-
stitution, so that at his graduation in 1837 he
was a chronic invalid. Hoping to be benefited
by a change, he made a cod-fishing vovage
through the straits of Belle Isle, and as far as
the Esquimaux Moravian missionarv settle-
ments of Okak and Naim ofT the Labrador
coast. The winter of 1839-40 was spent at the
island of Santa Cruz, Danish West Indies, and
in touring among the islands of St. Thomas,

902

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Porto Rico, Hayti, and Jamaica. In 1841 he
was admitted to" the bar and began to practice
in Burlington, but ill-health again forced him to
sea life. From December, 1842, to 1846 he was
a sailor before the mast, and visited the south-
ern ports of the United States, West Indies, Rio
Janeiro and England, after which he returned to
N'ermont and became interested in the mercan-
tile business.

December i, 1849, ^^^- feck landed in San
I-"rancisco, and at once, with partners, began
farming at Alviso, fifty miles south of that city,
in May, 1850, he became the pioneer produce
merchant of San Francisco. In those days hay
.sold for $200 a ton, peas twenty-five cents a
pound in the pod, potatoes $25 a cental, and
cabbage $1.50 for a bunch of leaves called a
head. Everything in California was wild, rough,
unsettled and constantly changing. During 185 1
and 1852 Mr. Peck was a successful miner on
the Middle Fork of the American river. Then,
for two years, he farmed in Yolo county, where
he owned several thousand acres. February 14,
1854, he opened in Sacramento the first public
school in the entire state, outside of San Fran-
cisco. In 1857-58 he practiced law in Dutch
Flat, a mining settlement in Nevada county.
Returning to California in 1858 from a visit in
A'ermont, he opened a commercial class and was
a pioneer teacher of double-entry bookkeeping
in San Francisco. In May, i860, he opened
the San Francisco industrial school, and from
1861 to 1863 was grammar master (the highest
educational position in California in those days)
also acted as principal of a San Francisco school.
From 1863 to 1869 he engaged in mercantile
pursuits, and in the latter year settled on a farm
of about five hundred acres at El Monte, Los
Angeles county. At that time the city and
county of Los Angeles had about seven thou-
sand inhabitants each. Markets were limited
and everything primitive. Mr. Peck had the
privilege of admiring his land, paying taxes and
waiting for the future. Fortunately for him.
teaching was always an available crutch. From
1874 to 1876 he was superintendent of the
schools of Los Angeles county. It is a note-
worthv fact that, although he entered college
the youngest and weakest in a class of forty-
eight and through the early part of his life was
hampered by ill health, he is now the sole sur-
vivor of his class and at eighty-three years of
age is the oldest living graduate of the Uni-
versity of Vermont.

The marriage of Mr. Peck, April 30, 1864,
united him with Miss Mary W. Chater, an Eng-
lish lady. They are the parents of four chil-
dren, namely: John H. F., a merchant of Soda
Springs. Idaho; Geoige H., Jr., a banker of San
Pedro, Cal. : Kate, wife of Albert Gibbs. of South
Pasadena: and Mary C, wife of John E. Jardine,
of Pasadena. For nianv vears Mr. Peck has

l;een senior warden of the Church of Our Savior
(Episcopal) at San Gabriel.

JOHN N. MALLGREN. This pioneer of
San Pedro was born in Sweden May 13, 1849.
and passed the years of boyhood in alternating
attendance at school with work on a farm. In
common with many of the lads of his peninsular
home, a love for the sea seemed inbred in his
nature. While still a mere youth he became a
sailor and for some years sailed the salt seas.
During 1872 he arrived in New York and from
there sailed to the West Indies, later proceeding
to San Francisco, where he landed in the fall
of 1874'. At first he continued his seafaring life
on these coasts, but soon gave up the work and
came to Southern California, his first objective
]joint being Anaheim. Before the town of San
Pedro had sprung into existence, he secured
employment on the wharf at Wilmington in the
lumber business. After a month he entered the
employ of the Southern Pacific Railway Com-
pany, as stevedore on all the lighters, and for
two years it was his business to receive lumber
from ships entering the harbor. On leaving the
company's employ he became foreman for Mr.
Hayes, assisting the latter for a year in filling
the breakwater contract for the government.
Meantime, as when with the railroad, he camped
on Dead i\Ian"s Island, but finally the camp was
moved to what is now San Pedro and he built a
house on what is now Front street, leasing the
land from the owners of the ranch. When, in
the fall of 1882, the town was laid out, the
Southern Pacific Railway Company gave him
notice to vacate, and he bought two lots on
Front street, to which he moved his store build-
ing. These two lots, together with two that
adjoin them, he still owns, and their increase in
\alue has made the investment a profitable one
for him.

During the spring of 1883 Mr. Mallgren
visited in San Francisco and there met Miss
Hannah Wilson, a native of Sweden. They were
married October 6, same year, and established
their home in a house which Air. Mallgren had
built on Knob Hill, it being the first residence
built on this hill. Two days after his marriage
his business place burned to the ground, but he
was partially secured by an insurance of $1,000,
and at once started a small grocery, the first
store of the kind on Knob Hill. Continuing in
the same building until 1888, he then erected his
present two-story brick store building, 45x35
feet in dimensions, and still one of the most sub-
stantial structures in the town. Here he has
since conducted an increasing grocery business,
which has drawn as patrons many of the best
people of the city and vicinity. To all his relia-
ble methods of conducting business and his ac-
connnodating disposition have commended
themselves. His family consists of his wife and

^^u^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

905

daughter, Eva, two other children having died
in infanc}'.

While stanchly true to Republican principles
in national politics, Mr. Mallgren believes in
local elections the character of the candidate is
of greater importance than his views as to ex-
pansion, protection and other national problems.
Hence he is liberal in town and county matters,
supporting- the best man irrespective of party
ties. As already intimated, he owns considerable
property in San Pedro. The society hall in his
building was for seven years leased by the Odd
Fellows and Knights of Pythias, who instituted
their first lodge in it, but more recently have
moved to the central part of the town. The hall
has since been leased by the Federation of
Labor No. 8921. In fraternal matters he has
been a member of Bohen Lodge No. 138, I. O.
O. F., at Wilmington, for twenty-four years.
During the years 1895, 1896 and 1897 he held
the office of school trustee, while from 1896 to
1900 he served efficiently as a member of the
board of city trustees.

JAMES HENRY STEVENS. As one of
those courageous pioneers who unflinchingly
took up the burden of life in the early days of
California, and profited by the crude conditions
before the advent of the railroad shortened dis-
tances and carried freight between the settle-
ments started through man's faith in the future
of the state, James Henry Stevens is deserving
of the regard and grateful remembrance which
brightened his later years, and in no wise dimin-
ished through the calamity of his death, Novem-
ber 3, 1893. In the dawn of the last century he
was born in Alex, Wayne county, Ky., a son of
James B. Stevens, a native of Virginia and an
early settler in Kentucky. The first ten years
of his life were spent in his native state. From
there he was taken by the family to Greensburg,
Ind., and lived on a farm until 1839, after which
he removed to Miami township, Hamilton
county, Ohio, and engag-ed in farming until 1852.
Then, accompanied by his wife and five children,
he joumeyed from Cincinnati to St. Joseph, Mo.,
where he fitted out o.x-teams and wagons, and
took cattle up the North Platte river to Fort
Kearney, crossed Wyoming to Humboldt, and
thence crossed the mountains to Volcano, Cal.,
the trip taking six months for completion.

The first year was spent in farming in Santa
Cruz county, and after that he engaged in
freighting lumber from the mountains to Oak-
land. For the following fifteen years he lived
in Amador county, Cal., and during that time
occupied himself with teaming to different parts
of the county. In 1869 he removed to Santa
Barbara county, and in the town purchased two
blocks of land on Garden street, where he built
a brick manufactory, and engaged in brick-mak-
ing, contracting and building. .Among tlic most

ambitious of his successes in this line mav be
mentioned the Santa Barbara court-house,' the
third schoolhouse, and many large buildings and
business houses. Up to the time of his death he
was prominent in the business world, and repre-
sentative of the reliability of Santa Barbara
commercial life. He was a Democrat in politics,
and was a member of the board of trustees of
the Methodist Episcopal Church.

The marriage of Mr. Stevens and Ann Glass,
a native of Cleves, Hamilton county, Ohio, oc-
curred in 1839. Mrs. Stevens is a daughter of
Robert Glass, who was born in Pennsylvania, and
was an early settler at Cleves, where he con-
ducted an hotel. Later he removed to a farm,
where his death occurred at the age of eightv-
four years. On the paternal side 'the fam'ilv 'is
of stanch Pennsylvania-German stock, descended
from German ancestr>'. The paternal grand-
father, named James, died in Pennsylvania. The
mother of Mrs. Stevens, formerly Catherine Huf-
ford, was also born in Pennsylvania, a daughter
of Rudolph Hufford, of Pennsylvania. She was
the mother of eight children, all girls, of whom
Mrs. Stevens is the second youngest, and the
only one living. She was reared and educated
in Ohio, and her early training was such as to
develop strong and fine traits of character, so
conspicuous in her mature years, and so redolent
of that kindness, consideration, and thoughtful-
ness which have raised up friends everywhere
and made her one of the most interesting of the
pioneer women of California. Since her hus-
band's death, Mrs. Stevens has continued to live
in Santa Barbara, ably superintending her many
interests, and enjoying the social and other ad-
vantages of her beautiful town. The eight chil-
dren born to Mr. and Mrs. Stevens are: James
B., who is a clerk in the office of the public ap-
praiser, at San Francisco; Edgar R., who is a
commercial traveler, with headquarters in San
Francisco; Mrs. Annie M. Pease, of the state of
Washington; Mrs. Belle Leach, of Lompoc; Mrs.
May Willard, of Santa Paula ; Mrs. Helen Mc-
Phale, of Reno, Nev. ; Mrs. Elizabeth Dalton,
of Santa Barbara; and Thomas C, who is a res-
ident of Santa Barbara. Mrs. Stevens is a mem-
ber of and worker in the Methodist Church.

CHARLES F. MILLER, M. D. As the sole
representative of the medical profession in
Gardena, Dr. Miller has an extended patronage,
which is by no means confined to the limits of
the town. He was bom in Milwaukee. Wis.,
January 17, 1848, a son of Frederick and Wil-
hclmina Eleanor (Wehe) Miller, natives of
Germany, and the former born in Hesse-Darm-
stadt.

The father of Dr. Miller emigrated to Amer-
ica in 1830, and became a pioneer of Milwaukee,
arriving on the site of that now prosperous and
beautiful city while it was still in the hands of

P06

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

farmers, who regarded Chicago, III, as the near-
est center of actual activity. Mr. Miller bought
forty acres of land in what is now the city limits,
and ten more near the present heart of the city,
and became well-to-do and prominent. With the
fruits of his toil he came to California in 1863,
and settled in retirement in San Francisco, but
his death occurred in Oakland in 1889. On the
maternal side of his family Dr. Miller comes
from a prominent German family named Wehe,
his maternal grandfather having served with the
great Napoleon from 1812 to 1815 as a non-com-
missioned officer, and later as road overseer.
His mother came to America as a child with her
parents, and after her marriage reared eleven
children, of whom Dr. Miller is the oldest.

Up to his sixteenth year Dr. Miller lived in
Wisconsin on his father's farm, and attended the
district schools. He attended the University of
California after removing to the west with the
rest of the family, and in 1874 had qualified as a
phvsician and surgeon. His initial practice was
conducted at Hills Ferry, Stanislaus county,
Cal., and in 1887 removed to Ventura, where he
practiced until his removal to Gardena in 1900.
In 1875 he married Mary Cantlivere, who was
born in New York City and came to California
in 1861. Dr. Miller is variously identified with
the social, professional and political afifairs of his
county, and takes an interest in everything of a
developing and upbuilding nature. He is a
member of the County Medical Society, of Ven-
tura, Cal., and has served as pension examiner
under the administrations of Harrison, Cleve-
land and McKinley. As postmaster of the town
he began to serve in 1882, under Garfield, and
continued to maintain the position until his re-
signation, fifteen months after Cleveland had
assumed the reins of government. At the same
time he was notary public, and school trustee.
He was member of the county central commit-
tee, and has been a delegate at various Repub-
lican conventions. The professional skill of Dr.
Miller, his humanitarian application of the same
in connection with those in need from a finan-
cial standpoint, augmented by his genial and
kindly personality, have made him an important
factor in the afifairs of Gardena.

B. E. JONES. After a strenuous and very
successful career in the timber regions of Wis-
consin, augmented by a large and lucrative lum-
ber business experience near Chicago, 111., Mr.
Jones is enjoying comparative immunity from
business cares on his beautiful ranch near
Gardena, upon which he settled in 1898.

A native of the vicinity of Lenox, Mass., B.
E. Jones was born July 21, 1838, and is a son
of Granville and Caroline (Herd) Jones, natives
also of Massachusetts. Granville Jones was a
farmer in Massachusetts, and removed to Tioga
county, Pa., when his son, B. E., was a mere

boy. Previous to his retirement he was identi-
fied with a mercantile concern, and his death
occurred in the Quaker state at the age of
seventy-two years. His father-in-law, Elisha
Herd, was born in Connecticut, and in later life
settled in Massachusetts, from which state he
enlisted for a three years' service in the Civil
war. He was a farmer during his active life, and
died at the age of seventy-two years. To him-
self and wife were born nine children, of whom
B. E. is the oldest.

The rise of B. E. Jones to his present sub-
stantial position is not due to any particular early
advantages, for he gained his first impressions of
life and work as a comm.on farm hand on a
Pennsylvania farm. His foundation, however,
proved an eminently secure one, for he saved
enough money during the ensuing years to re-
move to the pineries of Wisconsin in 1862 and
purchase nine hundred acres of land. Here he
erected a saw and planing mill, and the hum of
industry was heard thereabouts which piled up
a fortune for the industrious owner and wise
manager. At the expiration of thirty years, or
in 1892, Mr. Jones unsettled himself from the
pineries and located in Chicago, and bought two
hundred and sixty-five acres of land within
thirty-five miles of the city. Here he conducted
a lumber yard for four years, and in 1898 sold
out and came to Gardena, His ranch on the
slope consists of thirty-eight acres, all under
alfalfa, and he has built some additions to the
house, and put in a private pumping plant of
sixty inches capacity.

While living in Wisconsin in 1889, Mr. Jones
married Barbara, daughter of John Pauhis, the
latter born in Germany, and a farmer in Wis-
consin. Mr. Jones is a Democrat in political
affiliation, but has taken no active part in
politics in California, nor does he belong with
anv fraternal society.

R. D. DOW. One of the most popular,
genial, and thoroughly successful ranchers of
Gardena is R. D. Dow, who combines the finish
and thoroughness of an eastern training with
the push and energy of acclimated westerners.
Before removing to California in 1888 he had
spent his entire life in his native state of Maine,
where he was born July 11, 1838, and where he
was reared to maturity on the paternal farm.
Flis father, Joseph Dow, was born in Somerset
county. Me., whither the paternal grandfather.
Chandler, had removed from the place of his
birth in \''ermont. The father owned and oper-
ated a farm of one hundred and sixty acres,
upon which he died at the age of eighty-five
years. Pie married Margaret Weston, who was
born in Maine, and wlio became the mother of
four daughters and two sons, R. D. being the
youngest child in the family.

The ranch in Gardena owned bv R. D. Dow,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

90r

consists of eleven and a half acres under alfalfa
and which is highly improved and has a private
pumping station with a capacity of fifty inches.
I\rrs. Dow was formerly Comfort Willey, a
native of Maine, and daughter of Turner Wil-
ley, a farmer who died in Maine at the age of
seventy-five years. Three children have been
born to Mr. and Mrs. Dow, viz.: Nellie, who
is the wife of J. A. Lakey, lives in North Car-
olina; Rosa, who is the wife of A. W. Eaton;
and Willie Wilson. Mr. Dow is a Republican
in politics, and is fraternally associated with the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His home
is the center of a gracious hospitality, and he
has hosts of friends and well wishers.

W. S. MYERS. The_ first location of Mr.
Myers, on coming to California in 1895, was in
the Antelope valley, but soon he went to Gar-
dena, and from there came to Moneta, his pres-
ent home. The thirty acres which he owns and
operates are improved by an attractive dwelling,
erected by Mr. Myers, and another valuable im-
provement is a private gasoline pumping plant.
Of the land six acres are in strawberries, two
acres in black and Logan berries, and twelve in
alfalfa, the whole forming one of the most thrifty
ranches in the locality.

The paternal grandfather of Mr. Myers was
Joseph Myers, a native of North Carolina and
a farmer by occupation, spending his last years
on a farm in Iowa, where he died. The maternal
grandfather, William Wymore, was of eastern
birth, and spent much of his life in Iowa as a
fanner. For miles around he was known as
Squire Wymore, and all respected him for his
sterling worth of character. While walking
alone one day through the woods he was
stricken with apoplexy, and when found life was
extinct. W. S. Myers w-as born in Mahaska
county, Iowa, April 14, 1865, being a son of
George Washington and Margaret (Wymore)
Myers, natives respectively of North Carolina
and Indiana. When six years of age the father
was taken to Indiana. In 1848 he removed from
there to Iowa and bought five hundred and sixty
acres, which he developed into a valuable farm.
On that place his death occurred when he was
sixty-three years of age. As he was about to
pass away, he called his two sons and his daugh-
ter around him and divided the property among
them.

The marriage of W. S. Myers united him with
.■\da Lena Stevens, who was born in Missouri
and reared in Iowa. Her father, Elijah Stevens,
a native of New York, settled in early life in
Missouri, later went to Kansas, afterward set-
tled in Iowa, and finally came to California,
where he now makes his home at Gardena. The
children of Mr. and Mrs. Myers are Oarence,
.\da and Lowell. The family are attendants
at the Methodist Episcopal church, to the main-

tenance of W'hich Mr. Myers is a contributor.
He is associated with the Fraternal Brother-
hood and in matters political gives his alle-
giance to the Democratic party, adhering to
the faith of his forefathers in this respect.

WILLIAM M. GRAY. Land lying near a
large city can always be advantageously util-
ized for the raising of small fruit and garden
produce, and this business can be conducted
with gratifying profits in all cases where the
soil is fertile and the expense of transportation
insignificant. This principle has been grasped
by Mr. Gray, of Gardena, who is an extensive
raiser_ of strawberries. When he came to Gar-
dena in 1898 he bought ten acres, on which he
erected a cozy and attractive residence and fur-
ther improved the property by a private pump-
ing plant of eighty inches' capacity. While his
principal product is strawberries, he also raises
dewberries, raspberries and blackberries, and
has a walnut orchard of five acres, besides rais-
ing some alfalfa. His own land being insuffi-
cient for his purposes, he has a large acreage
leased and conducts an extensive berry business,
being, indeed, one of the largest berry-raisers in
his region.

In Randolph county, Ind., Mr. Gray was born
June 14, 1852, being a son of George and Lydia
Jane (Macy) Gray, natives respectively of Ohio
and Indiana. The former in an early day settled
in Jo Daviess county. 111., where he^ bought and
improved eighty acres. Somewhat later he set-
tled upon an eighty-acre farm in Dallas county,
Iowa, where he died at sixty-three years. His
father, Nathaniel Gray, was a native of New
England and died in Indiana; and his wife's
father, William Macy, M. D., was a soldier in
the war of 1812. The boyhood years of Wil-
liam M. Gray were passed in Indiana and Illi-
nois. His education was commenced in local
schools and afterward he matriculated in the
State University of Michigan at Ann Arbor,
where he hoped to take the entire course, but
after one term the condition of his health was
such as to render further continuance at studv
inadvisable. He then returned to Iowa and took
up farm pursuits. The year 1887 found him at
Elsinore, Cal, and the following spring he went
to Fallbrook, where he madehis home some
years. In 1898 he came to Gardena, his pres-
ent home. While living in the east he married
Miss Fannie E. Evans, who was born in Illinois.
Two sons and two daughters were born of their
union, namely: Vernor W.; Eva Myrtle, de-
ceased; Erma Garnet and Ernest Johrl.

At no lime has Mr. Gray been desirous of
exchanging the tasks of private business affairs
for the duties of office-holding, and, aside from
voting the Republican ticket, he has taken no
part whatever in politics. In religion he is as-
sociated with the Methodist Episcopal Church

908

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and -a contributor to it, as well as to other
worthy movements. The Fraternal Brotherhood
and blue lodge of Masons number him among
their members. As a citizen he favors plans for
the benefit of his town and county, and assists
in bringing about their fruition.

REASON MONROE THURMAN. In the
vicinity of Pomona the name of R. Monroe
Thurman is associated with much that is pro-
gressive and prosperous. When he came here
in 1887 he established his home on Crow ave-
nue, between Garey and Gibbs street, and
besides this lot acquired other holdings in local
real estate. Yielding to a desire to identify
himself with the principal industry of the regioii
he set out fruit trees and has since raised fruit
in considerable quantities. In addition during
the first years here he also engaged in grading
and the improving of streets. When the Phil-
lips estate was in part disposed of he bought
twenty-five acres and in addition he rents four
hundred acres, using the entire tract for dairy
purposes and for the raising of alfalfa. It is
said that few men in the community have
equaled him as a successful alfalfa raiser, and
when it is recorded that he has cut seven crops
per year, averaging one and one-half ton per
acre, no one will question that he has reduced
the business to a science.

Near Ridgeville, in Bledsoe county, Tenn.,
]\Ir. Thurman was born July 22, 1841, a son of
John and Lettie Jane Thurman. The family of
which he was a member comprised ten children
eight of whom were living when removal was
made to California. These were: Nellie, who
married John Hicks; Frank, of San Gabriel
valley; Ephraim and Margaret, both deceased;
R. Monroe; Stephen D., who was born Decem-
ber 25, 1843, and lives near El Monte; Alex-
ander, also a resident of Los Angeles county,
and John S., of Los Angeles. After having
lived in Johnson county. Ark., from 1848 to
1852 the family then started with others across
the plains for California. With ox teams they
slowly made their way toward the setting sun.
Many hardships had to be endured, all of which
the wife and mother bore uncomplainingly, but
she was not physically equal to the strain and
was taken ill at the copper mines in Arizona.
Her sorrow-stricken family devotedly and anx-
iously watched over her, but in vain. Sadly they
laid her body to rest in a lonely spot and then
took up the journey without the one that was
dearest to all.

In September of 1852 the family arrived in
San Gabriel valley near the present site of
El ]\Ionte. Leaving the family there the father
proceeded to the mines of Tuolumne county,
but returned the next year and took up farming
and stock raising near the Temple ranch. Lit-
tle does the present generation realize the

hardships endured by the pioneers of the 'sos,
to instance which it may be stated that Mr.
Thurman often drove his stock to market as far
as Virginia City, five hundred miles away. How-
ever, he prospered in spite of difficulties and
soon won his way to a high rank among the
farmers of the valley. Selling out in 1865, he
bought property between Savannah and El
Monte, but in 1867 moved to Willow Grove,
where he bought sixty acres of agricultural land.
On that place his death occurred July 6, 1876,
when he was sixty-eight years of age. A man
of far more than ordinary ability, a promoter of
charitable and religious movements, a firm be-
liever in education and the public schools, he
was a strong man both mentally and morally,
and well merited the esteem of his associates.
The establishment of a domestic life marked
the first important change in the existence of
Mr. Thurman after coming to California. In
1868 he married Dora Belle Fuqua, daughter
of Isham and Johanna (Hathway) Fuqua, men-
tion of whom appears elsewhere. The ten chil-
dren born of their union are named as follows:
Nellie, Mrs. John Sutton, who has one daugh-
ter, Rena; R. Monroe, Jr., who is married and
has one daughter. Myrtle; Annie, Mrs. George
Smith, who has one child, Vada: Alice, Mrs.
Henry Clapworth; William B., Allen L., Rob-
ert D., Bert, Mabel and Clay. Tlie family are
well known among the citizens of Pomona, take
an active part in various social functions, and
merit and receive the respect of all. Fraternally
Mr. Thurman is connected with the Ancient
Order of United Workmen. He was reared in
the faith of the Democratic party and has never
wavered in his allegiance to its principles, but
has been content to let his vote represent his
behef, and has not been prominent in local pol-
itics nor a seeker after oilficial positions within
the gift of his party.

JOHN B. PYLES. Since coming to Po-
mona Mr. Pyles has been identified with its busi-
ness interests and is now a member of the firm
of Cooper & Pyles. He was born in Washing-
ton county, Pa., in 1874, a son of Paul Pyles.
When he was quite small his mother was acci-
dentally burned to death and he was then taken
into the home of an uncle, Samuel Pyles. At
the age of eleven years he accompanied this
uncle to California, settling in Westminster.
Orange county. Immediately afterward he
began to learn the blacksmith's trade, and when
he was sixteen he went to Chino. where he
opened a shop. Without doubt he was the
youngest man in California to run a blacksmith
shop of his own. During the three and one-half
years he remained in Chino he built up a fair
trade and proved to the people that, in spite of
his youth, he was an expert workman and reli-
able business man.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

911

In 1895 Mr. Pyles disposed of his business in
Chino and came to Pomona, where he has since
made his home. At first he was a partner of
H. M. James, but after a time he formed the
partnership with Harvey Cooper which con-
tinues to the present and has since given his
attention wholly to this business. Enterprising
and capable, he is qualified to conduct a busi-
ness successfully, and he and Mr. Cooper are
building up a substantial and important trade in
the line of their specialties.

COL. V\^ILLIAM ALSTON HAYNE. As-
sociated with the most conspicuous development
of the Montecito valley is the fine and noble life
of William Alston Hayne. As long ago as 1867
he came here after a meritorious service in the
Civil war, and bought a large tract of land for
$20 an acre, upon which no improvements had
been made and which was liberally supplied with
sage brush and chaparral. At that time not a
fruit tree had been planted in the valley, nor had
any other American availed himself of the ad-
vantages here found, or built himself a house in
which to live. He at once began to clear the
land, and from San Francisco brought a thou-
sand orange trees which formed the nucleus of
the later splendid orange industry in one of the
most beautiful valleys in Southern California.

Throughout his life Colonel Hayne main-
tained the traditions of an enviable ancestry, his
forefathers having been prominently identified
with the early struggles of the Republic. He
was bom in Charleston, S. C, April 25, 1821,
a son of Hon. Robert Y. Hayne, one of the fore-
most politicians and history makers of South
Carolina, and one of the most eminent statesmen
of which that southern state can boast, filling
many exalted positions of trust. He was elected
a member of congress and United States sena-
tor, and finally was honored with the guberna-
torial chair of his native state. While gover-
nor, it was his privilege in 1832 to issue a counter
proclamation to that of President Jackson, in
favor of state rights, as against nullification. In
the senate, from which he resigned in favor of
Calhoun, he was opposed to Daniel Webster in
that great debate on Foot's resolution regard-
ing public lands, which drifted into state rights,
and eventually brought on the Civil war. The
father of Governor Hayne was brother of Isaac
Hayne, that courageous and gifted man who, in
the estimation of subsequent history, is entitled
to a martyr's crown. Governor Hayne married
a daughter of Col. William Alston, the aide-de-
camp of General Marion, and whose grand-
mother, Rebecca Mott, was the heroine of many
stirring incidents during the Revolutionary war.
During the war of 1812 Col. Arthur P. Hayne,
a brother of the former governor of South Caro-
lina, served on General Jackson's stai? as aide-
de-camp.

Colonel Hayne was educated at Columbia Col-

lege in South Carolina, and took up the study
of law at Charleston, of the same state. His
marked ability won a ready recognition, and he
was elected to the legislature, being a member of
that august body when secession was established.
During the Civil war he was aide on the staff of
Governor Pickins, who was later United States
minister to Russia. However, on account of ill-
ness, he could not accompany his regiment to the
front. He was later in the quartermaster's de-
partment, and during the progress of the war
was stationed for the most part in South Caro-
lina, gaining in time for his services the rank of
colonel.

After the war Colonel Hayne came to Cali-
fornia with his wife and children, the motives
animating his departure from his native state
being the loss of health and of a large estate
which somewhat embarrassed him financiallv.
In San Francisco he had a brother. Dr. A. P.
Hayne, and a cousin, E. J. Pringle, an able at-
torney. He arrived in San Francisco in July of
1867, and, acting upon the advice of his relatives
and upon observations made by himself, decided
to locate near Santa Barbara in the Montecito
valley. In the change of conditions to Califor-
nia he devoted his time largely to agriculture
and horticulture. As a stanch Democrat, he be-
came prominent in the political undertakings of
Southern California, and among other important
positions which his ability drew to him was a
membership in the California legislature in 1875.
His was a master mind in grasping and fully un-
derstanding the opportunities awaiting the set-
tler here in the early days, and his tact and good
fellowship were evinced in no more forcible way
than by his willingness to cultivate the friend-
ship of the Spanish people, who entertained for
him a lasting regard, and with whom he be-
came associated in many business transactions.
Like all the members of the family to which he
belonged, he appreciated the consolation and
friendship of books, and all his life long he was
a student, and a keen observer of men and events.
He was a member of the Episcopal Qiurch, and,
with Colonel Heath and Dr. Shaw, aided in the
organization of the church at Santa Barbara, of
which he was warden and lay reader for more
than thirty years. He contributed generously to
the church, and to all other worthy causes which
appealed to his intelligence and judgment.

The marriage of Colonel Hayne and Miss
Margaretta Stiles, daughter of Edward James
Stiles, of English descent, a native of Bermuda
and an early settler in Pennsylvania, occurred in
Philadelphia in 1847. ^^^s. Hayne, who is still
living, is the mother of nine children, eight sons
and one daughter, of whom the following at-
tained mature years : Judge Robert Y. Hayne,
who was formerly a judge of the superior court
of San Francisco; William Alston Hayne, who
is in the oil business, and resides near San Fran-
cisco; Benjamin S., who is engaged in business

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

in California; Brewton A, who is city attorney
of Berkeley ; Dtmcan, who is an attorney in San
Francisco ; Arthur P., who is filling a professor-
ship in the Agricultural College, and who was
a volunteer in the Philippines under Generals
Wheaton and Lawton. Three children are de-
ceased. Colonel Hayne died March 28, 1901,
when nearly eighty years of age.

HARVEY COOPER. The senior member
of the firm of Cooper & Pyles of Pomona was
born in Walworth county, Wis., in 1862, being
the son of Peter S. Cooper, a farmer. After
having completed a common school education
and aided in the work of the farm until he
reached maturity, he started out for himself,
first going to Illinois, where he learned the
blacksmith's trade. Next he went to Linn, Wis.,
and opened a shop, which he carried on for a
short time. Later he was engaged at his trade
in Sharon, Wis., and Hazelton. Iowa. The
desire to find a climate that might prove bene-
ficial to the health of his wife led him to come
to California. Settling in Pomona in 1894 he
worked at his trade as a journeyman for a year
after which he formed a partnership with
Eugene Cummings and opened a shop on Gar-
den street. Eight months later F. T. Clark
bought Mr. Cummings' interest and these two
continued together for four years, conducting
a general blacksmith's business.

Later Mr. Cooper was alone for a short time
and then formed his present connection with
J. B. Pyles. One year later they bought prop-
erty on' West Second street, moved ofif the old
house standing on the lot and built a two-story
structure, 85x30, with their office in the front
part of the building. Tlie floor is of concrete.
There are three forges and in the rear a wash-
room and closet, also- coal depository. The
plant is operated by electricity and electric
lights furnish illumination. On the second floor
is the workshop for the building of wagons and
carriages, where are turned out some of the
finest vehicles seen in this section. In the rear
of the building is a storehouse where is kept
a large stock of material for their work. Em-
ployment is furnished to three mechanics. It
is said by those qualified to judge that this is
the most complete blacksmith establishment in
the southern part of California, if not. indeed,
in the entire state.

The residence occupied by Mr. Cooper has
been enlarged and remodeled by him since its
purchase. By his marriage to Mary Riley of
Wisconsin he had one child, Ada. After the
death of his first wife he married Eva Wilkin-
son of Harvard, 111., by w^hom he has two chil-
dren, Clifford and Mary. The family are con-
nected with the Methodist Episcopal church.
Fraternally he is banker of the Modern Wood-
men and counselor of the Order of Pendo.

FRANK O. SLANKER. To strangers vis-
iting Pomona Mr. Slanker is usually introduced
as "the man who bored the first artesian well
in the Pomona valley." Officially he is known
as the deputy sherifif and constable of this city,
which positions he has filled for a long period
of years. He was born in Berks county, Pa.,
in 1857, a son of Daniel Slanker. At the age
of fourteen years he left home and thereafter
he fought life's battles for himself, sometimes
under the most discouraging surroundings, but
always with a firm will and a resolute heart. For
three years he worked for his board and clothes
in order that he might attend school and thus
fit himself for active life. In 1875, with his
brother, S. E. Slanker, now street superin-
tendent of Pomona, he came to California,
where he engaged in the work of artesian well
boring.

In the fall of 1877 Mr. Slanker came to
Pomona to bore a well for Captain Hutchin-
son and Pancho Palomares, this being the first
attempt made of the kind. At a depth of one
hundred and eighty feet with a seven-inch pipe
he secured a four-inch flow of water. At three
hundred and forty-five feet he only secured a
two-inch flow, due to the fact that the borings
had reached red clay. Again he tried, this
time at one hundred and eighty-five feet, where
the flow was three inches. These wells do not
flow now, but are used as pumping stations to
supply the water for Pomona. Afterward he
bored a well for Colonel Heath at Lords-
burg, and at three hundred and forty-five feet
got a good pumping well which is in use at
the present time.

On turning his attention to other occupations,
Mr. Slanker bought a blacksmith business from
Mr. Scott and with the assistance of Mr. Mc-
Key carried on the same four years. After
selling out he followed the business as a jour-
neyman. In 1885 he built a house on the corner
of Tenth and Main streets, which he still owns.
The large grounds surrounding the house have
been developed and improved and are a source
of pride to the owner, to whose care and culti-
vation is due the fine growth of fruit and shade
trees. During the year of his home-building he
married Miss Sadie, daughter of Morris Keller,
proprietor of the Keller Hotel of Pomona.
Their children are Lura, Penelope, Etta and
George C.

Possessing an inventive turn of mind, Mr.
Slanker has patented a number of articles,
among them a pruning shears, nut lock and oil
cup for machinery. When E. B. Smith was bor-
ing for water in different parts of Pomona val-
ley he employed Mr. Slanker to superintend the
work of the borers and give advice as to where
conditions were favorable for boring. Polit-
ically Mr. Slanker is a stanch Republican. In
the 'fall of 1886, the day before the state and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

county election, he was requested to allow his
name to go on the Republican ticket as a can-
didate for constable. He consented and was
elected to the office. At the succeeding elec-
tion he was nominated and elected almost with-
out opposition, and the people have continued
to show their appreciation of his intelligence
and fitness for the office by re-electing him every
two years. It is said that he has invariably
polled the largest vote of any candidate on the
ticket in his township. In addition he has
served as deputy city marshal and deputy sher-
iff, and is the possessor of excellent detective
ability, which these various positions have
developed. Among the societies of which he is
a member are the Maccabees, Ancient Order
of United Workmen, Fraternal Aid, the Elks,
the Fraternal Brotherhood and also the Wood-
men of the World.

JOHN O'DONNELL. To say of a man that
he came to this country without means or
friends and that overcoming great obstacles and
enduring great hardships, he finally achieved a
degree of success placing him among the sub-
stantial men of his community, is to give in
brief the life history of John O'Donnell of
Pomona. He was born in County Kerry, Ire-
land, in 1828, a son of Thomas and Jane (Fer-
ris) O'Donnell, and came with them to the
United States in 1843, settling upon a farm,
where his father died at sixty years and his
mother when sixty-five. At the time of the
great excitement caused by the discovery of
gold in 1849, lis crossed the great plains with
an ox team, spending some eight months on
the tedious and perilous journey. Arriving at
Nevada City, he entered the mines and met with
more than usual luck, although such were his
privations and hardships that the gold he drew
out of the mines seemed surely earned indeed.
With the means thus secured he purchased a
ranch in Colusa county, Cal., and stocked it
with cattle. For six years he continued on that
place, but the climate brought on chills and
fever and so affected his health that he sold the
land. His next purchase comprised a ranch
near Oakland, and also for a period he was
interested in freighting to Carson City, Nev.,
and Montana. Somewhat later he bought a
ranch at Merced, Cal, and improved it with
such energy and wise judgment that he sold it
for a handsome figure.

His visits to Southern California had im-
pressed Mr. O'Donnell so favorably that he
determined to seek a suitable location where he
could have the advantage of this climate. In
1887 he purchased eighty acres of the Chino
addition to Pomona, and here he built a small
house and made the necessary improvements.
Through his efforts the farm is now a model
estate with all modern improvements. Much of

the land is devoted to alfalfa, of which he can
cut from six to eight crops each year, and he
therefore finds it a very profitable product.
Barley is also raised in large quantities. A fine
variety of apricots and prunes may be found in
his orchard, and these form a considerable addi-
tion to his annual receipts. By the develop-
ment_ of an independent water system and the
building of a large reservoir he is able to sup-
ply every demand for irrigation, hence his prop-
erty is peculiarly valuable. Cattle and horses
are raised on the ranch, although the owner
considers himself less a stockman than a gen-
eral farmer. In 1847 he married Elizabeth
Long, a native of Ohio. They have four chil-
dren, viz.: Mrs. Margaret Crawford, Mrs. Mary
Stennett, W. Thomas, who is a farmer, and Liz-
zie, who married Hubbard Bean and at her
death left a daughter, who makes her home with
Mr. O'Donnell.

People living in California are mostly famil-
iar with the rapid growth of eucalyptus trees,
yet they do not often hear of trees that develop
as quickly as did the three hundred planted by
Mr. O'Donnell on his ranch about 1890. These
have grown far beyond his expectations. In
1902 he sold a small portion of the grove, and
for the one hundred and twenty-eight cords thus
disposed of he was paid $4 per cord on the
stump. This furnishes added proof to the
statement made by the friends of this well-
known gum tree, who assert that on account of
the fact that it needs little water and is quite
hardy, it is better adapted to our soil than
almost any tree now grown in Southern Cali-
fornia.

JOHN REBMAN, whose home has been in
Los Angeles since 1886, is a native of Germany,
born at Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, July 18, 1850'
and was the eldest among eight children, six of
whom are now living. When he was two years
of age his parents, John and Barbara (Reick)
Rebman, came to the United States and settled
m Somerset county, N. J., where his father,
hitherto a government employe, now turned his
attention to farming. For some years he has
made his home on a farm in Morris county, N.
J., and there his wife died.

When only ten years of age John Rebman
began to earn his own livelihood, his first oc-
cupation being as assistant to a gardener, and
later he was employed bv a landscape gardener
in Plainfield, N. J. At the age of sixteen he
resigned his position and began to serve an ap-
prenticeship to the carpenter's trade. In the
spring of 1872 he went to Chicago, where he
found some of the ruins of the great fire still
smoking. Employment at his trade was easy
to secure, there being much building in process,
and after a time he was made foreman and
superintendent of jobs. The following year he

914

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

went to Shrevesport, La., and five months later
settled in St. Louis, where he was engaged as
a sub-contractor. His arrival in California dates
from the spring of 1875, when he became fore-
man for the large contracting firm of Terrell &
Slaven, of San Francisco. After three years
with them, he became interested in a hardware
business on Sixth street, which was first con-
ducted under the title of Langdon & Rebman
and, after Mr. Langdon's death, became Reb-
man & Chetwood. In 1883 he sold out to his
partner and turned his attention to contracting
and building, having contracts for many fine
residences in San Francisco and the Baptist Col-
lege in Oakland.

Coming to Los Angeles in the fall of 1886,
Mr. Rebman has engaged in contracting ever
since, with the exception of the interval be-
tween the spring of 1898 and January, 1901,
when he was interested in oil and mines in
Kern county. From the first activity in the oil
business he made investments, but some of these
did not prove profitable, although later ventures
proved more encouraging. While mining in
the Piute mountains in Kern county, he formed
the Green Mountain l\Iining Company, of which
he became superintendent and which was de-
veloped under his supervision. Resigning in
1900, he then started an oil company in Ventura
county, which, under the title of the Santa
Paula Gravity Oil Company, operated on Mount
Cuyutano, northeast of Santa Paula, the de-
velopment being entirely under his charge.
After a year he resigned this position and re-
sumed contracting in Los Angeles. Among the
most important of his contracts may be men-
tioned the following: California Bank, Bryson
block, Stimson block, Currier block, Ontario
hotel at North Ontario, San Gabriel hotel at
East San Grabiel, Spence residence at Mon-
rovia, Monroe residence in Monrovia, Immanuel
Presbyterian Church of Los Angeles, city jail
of Los Angeles, Odd Fellows' Hall, the resi-
dences of Mr. Newmark, Dr. Graves and many
others in or near Los Angeles.

While in San Francisco Mr. Rebman married
Miss Frances Davenport, who was born in
Illinois. They and their two daughters, May
and Ethel, have a comfortable home at No. 1226
West Ninth street.

Among the new enterprises which Mr. Reb-
man assisted in inaugurating may be mentioned
the Los Angeles Iron & Steel Company, which,
unfortunately, owing to poor management, did
not prove a success. He was also interested in
starting the Los Angeles Mantel Company,
which was well-known in its day. For one year
he operated a marble quarry in Kern county,
and meantime he quarried the marble for the
Stimson block. For some years he officiated as
president of the Builders' Exchange, and he is
also connected with the Master Builders' Asso-

ciation. His political views are in harmony with
the Republican party, which he stanchly up-
holds. Fraternally he was made a Mason in
South Gate Lodge, F. & A. M., of Los Angeles,
while his connection with the Odd Fellows
dates from 1877, when he was initiated into the
order in Lodge No. 3, of San Francisco.

JUAN SALVIO SOTO. The postmaster
of Lordsburg is a member of one of the old
Spanish families whose early settlement in Cal-
ifornia has given a tinge of romance to this
western w-orld. His father, Jose, was the son of
Francisco, and a grandson of Juan and Petra
(Pacheco) Soto. The immediate cause of the
establishment of the family in California was
due to the fact that Don juan Soto, who had
charge of the forests of the king of Spain, was
sent as an ofificer under his sovereign to San
Francisco and later settled at San Jose. Iden-
tifying himself with the ranching interests of
the state, he raised large herds of cattle and
horses and became an extensive property
holder. In his family there were the following
children: Jose, Ygnacio, Francisco, Guada-
lupe, Sylverio, Mrs. Rafaella de Pacheco and
Mrs. Juana de Lightstone.

Lender the instruction of private tutors Don
Francisco Soto received an excellent Spanish
and English education. Following the exam-
ple of his father, he became interested in ranch-
ing. For a time he operated a ranch at San
Ramon, Contra Costa county, after which he
removed to Concord in the same county. Next
he became owner of the Monte Diablo rancho,
the management of which brought him grat-
ifying success. On coming to the eastern part
of Los Angeles county in 1879 he bought from
Don Francisco Palomares seven hundred acres,
on which he built a house. Soon he had the land
stocked with cattle and horses. Few settlers had
as yet invaded this beautiful valley and for miles
in every direction the land stretched out against
a blue horizon, without houses or other objects
to break the view. He was not long spared to
enjoy happiness here, for he died October 17.
1883, only four years after he had established
his home in the valley.

In his native town of San Jose Don Francisco
Soto married Miss Concepcion Pacheco, daugh-
ter of Juan Salvio Pacheco. Since his death she
has continued to reside at the old homestead,
which she has remodeled and improved until it
is now a scene of beauty, with its picturesque
landscape garden, its fruit and shade trees of the
rarest kinds. To her family she has given excel-
lent advantages and all are well educated both
in English and Spanish. In order of birth her
children are named as follows: Jacinto R., a
rancher; Merced J., who is deceased; Amada
A., who is with her mother; Atalino, a rancher;
Salvio Juan, deceased; Juan Salvio, the subject

^^..JT^^^ j2>^<2^.<^^^-^-^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

917

of this article; Emedio C, deceased; Lcroiizo
F., who is employed as bookkeeper; Juanita M.,
at home; Ysedro L., who is engaged in ranch-
ing; Peter R., deceased; Patricio L., at home;
and Tomas R., deceased.

The education of Juan Salvio Soto was se-
cured mainly at St. Mary's College in San Fran-
cisco, from which he was graduated in 1875. In
common with the other members of the family,
he speaks several languages fluently. Since the
death of his father he has had charge of the
estate, and at the same time he has taken a
part in local politics, being a local leader in the
Republican party. In the positions of constable
and overseer of highways he served his town-
ship efficiently and his capability and merit were
recognized in 1902 by his appointment as post-
master of Lordsburg, in which position he is
winning commendation from all, irrespective of
political views.

JOHN SUESS. No man in Nordhoff is more
deserving of praise for having made a success of
life than is John Suess, the popular grocer and
merchant, and promoter of the city's best inter-
ests. He was born in Switzerland May 30, 1866,
a son of John and Susie (Ulrich) Suess, who
also were born in the country of mountains and
clouds. The family immigrated to America in
1868, taking passage on the steamer Austria,
which finally heaved anchor in New York har-
bor. These enterprising travelers in search of
home and occupation settled in Winchester, 111.,
where the father followed his trade of black-
smith and wagonmaker with varying success.
He later removed to Fort Madison, Iowa, and
worked at his trade for five years, going thence
to Webster county, Neb., in 1873, where both
parents died in 1878.

At the early age of nine years John Suess be-
came practically self-supporting, for at that time
he began to herd cattle, and upon the death of
his parents in his twelfth year, he was indeed
alone in the world. For ten years he continued
to herd cattle, and then changed his occupation
to that of clerk in a general merchandise store,
but eventually engaged in general farming and
stock-raising on his own responsibility in W'eb-
ster county. Neb. In 1888 he removed to South-
ern California, coming direct to Nordhoft', where
he worked at various occupations until about five
years ago. He then opened a grocery and hard-
ware store which has been a satisfactory in-
vestment, but at the present time he is reducing
his stock so as to include only groceries.

In Los Angeles in 1897 J\Ir. Suess married
A. E. Leistico, a native of Minnesota, and daugh-
ter of Herman Leistico. Of this union there is
one child, J. Gordon, who is one year old. Mr.
Suess has built for himself and family a com-
fortable home in NordhofT, besides which he
owns valuable property in Oxnard. In poli-

tics he is a Republican, as was also his father,
and cast his first presidential vote for Benjamin
Harrison. He is a stanch advocate of education,
although in his youth his own opportunities were
limited to the years when he was five and six
years old, and to twelve months at the public
schools in 1874 and 1884. He is serving his sec-
ond temi as a school trustee. He is enthusiastic
over the possibilities of Ventura county, and
thinks that for business and health it has no su-
perior on the Pacific coast.

R. J. RODGERS. After a career in the edu-
cational world that was alike creditable to him-
self and helpful to the profession. Prof. Rodgers
changed the confining work of the schoolroom
for the active and healthful life of a horticultur-
ist. For some years he has made his home at
Moneta, where he owns and occupies a ranch of
twenty-nine acres, and successfully raises all the
varied kinds of berries. Of these perhaps his
specialty is the strawberry, but he also has an
excellent showing of Logan berries, dew and
blackberries, and the balance of the land is un-
der alfalfa. An abundance of water is secured
by means of his private gasoline pumping plant,
which has a capacity of sixty inches.

A resident of California since 1895, Mr.
Rodgers was born in Illinois July 2, 1856. His
father, John Rodgers, was a native of county
Antrim-, Ireland, where he was reared to a
knowledge of farm pursuits. At the age of
twenty-six years he came to the United States
and settled in Illinois, where he bought one hun-
dred and forty acres. After many years on the
same property, in 1885 he removed to Iowa and
bought four hundred acres of unimproved land
in the vicinity of Osage. The cultivation of this
land occupied his attention during the several
following years, but he has now retired from
active cares, and is making his home in Osage.

As far back as he can remember, R. J. Rodgers
was ambitious to acquire knowledge, and his
happiest moments were spent with a book. With
the assistance of his father he was enabled to
take a course of study in the academy and uni-
versity at Lake Forest, 111., and later he was
graduated from the scientific course of the Nor-
mal University at Lebanon, Ohio. Subsequently
two years were spent in the State Normal School
at Cedar Falls, Iowa, and he is also a graduate
of the Los Angeles State Normal. Through his
attendance upon these various institutions, all
of them exceptionally high in rank, he acquiretl
a breadth of knowledge that makes him one of
the most cultured men in Moneta, and during the
year in which he was at the head of the Moneta
school he succeeded in introducing many im-
provements and in advancing the grade of
scholarship. However, considerations of health
led him to retire from a profession which he had
hoped to make his life work.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

After coming to Moneta Prof. Rodgers mar-
ried Miss Minta White, daughter of J. H.White,
who is represented elsewhere in this volume.
They have one daughter, Gladys. In fraternal
relations Prof. Rodgers is associated with the
Woodmen of the World, the Order of ]Macca-
bees, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Degree
of Honor, and Fraternal Brotherhood. All
through his life he has kept in touch with the
issues before our government, has voted the Re-
publican ticket, and upheld its principles when-
ever occasion demanded.

perity and progress of the town, which has been
their home for more than thirty years.

JULIAN CARRION. Very many years ago
a soldier in the Mexican army, Casiano Carrion,
was stationed at Los Angeles, and upon the
expiration of his term of service settled perma-
nently in this county. Taking up the work of
a ranchman, he secured large tracts of land and
engaged in raising cattle and horses. The
remainder of his life was passed in this county,
where he and his wife, Josefa (Lopez) Carrion
both died. Their only son, Saturnino, was born
and reared in Los Angeles, and at an early age
took up the occupation in which his father had
accumulated a competency. Being of an ambi-
tious and energetic nature, he was prospered in
his undertakings. About 1870 he came to
Lordsburg and bought five, hundred acres, on
which he erected a substantial adobe house
that is still standing. This property became the
scene of his subsequent efforts. In those days
stock-raising was the principal industry and he
devoted himself to it, having a large number
of horses and cattle. However, he also set out
several acres in grapes and a number of orange
trees, being a pioneer in the industry that has
since become of such magnitude and impor-
tance. At the time of his death, February 16,
1895, he was sixty-seven years of age. He had
married Dolores Navarro, wdio was born in
Santa Barbara, and now makes Lordsburg her
home. The children born of their union were
named as follows: Ramon R., Julian, Frank
(deceased), Josefa, Dolores (deceased), Agatha
and Louise.

In the city of Los Angeles Julian Carrion was
born in 1865. He was reared on the Lordsburg
ranch, to the oversight of which he succeeded
upon the death of his father, and in addition
to the management of this place, he does con-
siderable butchering for nearby markets. A
portion of the ranch has been sold, but three
hundred and fifty-three acres are still retained,
making a valuable property, especially adapted
for grazing purposes, but also containing, from
present indications, a supply of oil, for which
they are now boring. Mr. Carrion has a pump-
ing plant and two wells on his plant, one of
w'hich delivers eighteen inches of water. The
family have many friends in and near Lords-
burg, and feel the deepest interest in the pros-

T. OLIVER. The ranch owned and man-
aged by Mr. Oliver is situated at Gardena and
consists of thirty-three acres. At the time the
land was purchase it was not considered very
productive, but under his capable management
it has been transformed into one of the most
profitable ranches in the neighborhood. Tlie
reason for this is that he has made a scientific
study of the soil, which in some respects is
peculiar. One acre w-ill produce a certain crop,
while the next acre does not respond to culti-
vation for this product. Accordingly, he has
experimented and discovered to what each strip
of land is best adapted and has suited the crop
to the soil. No finer barley field is to be found
in the entire region than his fifteen-acre tract,
and his ten acres of alfalfa are also of the finest
quality, while four acres produce the highest
grade of grapes, and the balance of the land is
in lawns and orchards. Plenty of water for
irrigation purposes is secured from a well of
two hundred feet, and he also has on the ranch
two never-failing springs.

In Worcestershire, England, Mr. Oliver was
born in December, 1838, being a son of James
and Mary (Hughes) Oliver. His father, who
was born in England on the borders of Wales,
followed agriculture as a lifelong occupation
and on his homestead of seventy acres died in
January, 1883. He w-as a son of Richard Oli-
ver, a Welshman, who was a soldier in the
English army and acted as drum-major in the
battle of Waterloo. The maternal grand-
father, Richard Hughes, was a resident of
Wales during his entire life, and engaged in
farming. Of the eleven children of James Oliver,
the subject of this article was sixth in order of
birth. He was educated in national and private
schools, and in 1854 assumed the responsibili-
ties of self-support, at which time he began
engineering on the railroad out from Worces-
ter. During 1861 he went to Australia, where
he secured employment on a railroad, but later
became an engineer on a steamboat plying
along the coast. From Australia in 1864 he
went to the gold fields of New Zealand, where
he not only mined, but also carried on a mer-
cantile business. Returning to England, from
there in 1882 he went to the famous Kimberley
diamond mines in South Africa and while em-
ployed there gained a thorough knowledge of
the country and its inhabitants, which enabled
him to understand the problems leading up to
the subsequent war with the Boers. The year
1884 found him again in Australia and later he
returned to New Zealand, where he became
interested in the Red Coat mine, a placer mine,
in which he still owns a controlling interest and
which has proved a profitable investment.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

919

Going back to Australia, from there he sailed
to the south of France with the hope that the
delightful climate of that region would benefit
his daughter's health. However, the hope
proved futile, and in an endeavor to secure the
desired result elsewhere, in 1895 he went to
Naples, Italy, but a sojourn of six weeks proved
that little could be hoped for there.

Hearing much concerning the United States,
Air. Oliver brought his family to this country
in 1897, and after landing at New York trav-
eled through much of the country seeking a
suitable location, still bearing in mind as his
chief object the securing of an environment that
would prove congenial for his only daughter. It
was not until he reached California that he
found a desirable climate, and here he was grati-
fied by the improvement of his child. For this
reason he decided to locate permanently in the
far west, and, his worldwide travels ended, he
established himself at Gardena, where he
bought a ranch and built a residence. With
him, besides his daughter Mary (the child of
his first marriage) are his second wife, formerly
i\Iarie Malett, and their son Thomas. Mrs.
Oliver was born in France and reared in New
Zealand, where she formed the acquaintance of
Mr. Oliver and was united with him in mar-
riage. After having traveled over much of the
world, they are thoroughly satisfied to remain in
their quiet home at Gardena, where they have
an ideal climate, a well-improved ranch, and the
advantage of proximit}' to one of the largest
and most cultured cities of the coast.

C. F. BAYHA. Interestingly interwoven in
the life of Mr. Bayha of Moneta are experiences
of peril during his service in the Civil war and
later adventures on the vast western plains,
where he was associated with William Cody,
better known as BufTalo Bill. Considerations
of health led him to come to California in 1898,
at which time he settled in Moneta and pur-
chased a ranch of ten acres. The first improve-
ment made thereon was the erection of a neat
residence, and he has since engaged in raising
alfalfa and various fruits.

In Wheeling, W. Va., Mr. Bayha was born
January 20, 1845, being a son of Louis J. and
Elizabeth (Eckhart) Bayha. natives respectively
of Wurteniberg and Prussia, Germany. In early
life the father accompanied his parents to the
United States, settling with them in New York
City in 1837, but after the death of his father
there he took the remaining members of the
family to Philadelphia and later to Wheeling,
W. Ya., where numerous descendants now
reside. The lady whom he married came to
the United States in childhood with her father,
Charles F. Eckhart, who was a furniture manu-
facturer, and died in Dakota City, Neb.

The family of Louis J. Bayha consisted of

three daughters and seven sons. One of the
sons, John, is a resident of Anaheim, Cal.
Another, Louis J., is cashier of the German
Bank of Wheeling, and is one of the best-known
financiers of West Virginia. The third among
the children was C. F. Bayha, who received a
high school education in Wheeling. While he
was still a mere lad the Civil war broke out.
With a genuine patriotism, as well as the love
of adventure characteristic of youth, he resolved
to offer himself to his country and accordingly
enlisted at Wheeling in Company K, Twelfth
West Virginia Infantry, which company was
sent out as independent scouts to fight guer-
rillas. Later he was transferred to the Twelfth
and then to the Sixth West Virginia Cavalry
and was given duty as a messenger between the
commander of his regiment and General Rose-
crans, remaining at the front until the fall of
1863, when he was honorably discharged.

In the opening up of the vast country lying
between the Elkhorn valley and the Black Hills
Mr. Bayha was a pioneer, and many an experi-
ence did he have with Indians during that time.
He went to Omaha when that now thriving city
had only three brick houses and the country
surrounding it was one unbroken wilderness.
For sixteen years he acted as a government sur-
veyor, his work being in the new country and
his headquarters at the head of the Elkhorn
river. So efficient, indeed, were his services in
this respect that at the opening of the Civil war
he was offered a government position as civil
engineer, but declined. He founded the West
Point Republican, the oldest paper in Nebraska,
and also edited and published the Dakota City
Mail and the Nebraska Staats Zeitung. Indeed,
at one time he published all of the papers in the
region from Elkhorn valley to the Black Hills.
Meantime he was active in politics and did
much to secure Republican victories in his dis-
trict. In 1876 he was a delegate to the national
convention that nominated Rutherford B.
Hayes for president. At different times he was
honored by his party during his residence in
Nebraska, various offices of honor and trust
having been offered him. For twenty years,
while a resident of the Elkhorn valley, he
practiced law. In religion he is a believer in
the doctrines of the Presbyterian Church, while
fraternally he is connected with the Modern
Woodmen of America and the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows.

At Sun Prairie, Wis., occurretl the marriage
of Mr. Bayha and Miss Amelia Beechan, a
native of New Brunswick. Her father, Robert,
was born in the north of Ireland and crossed
the ocean to New Brunswick, later going to
Wisconsin, where he was a pioneer of Madison.
In religion he was a Protestant and in politics
a stanch Republican. While Mr. and Mrs.
Bayha had no children of their own, they took

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

into their home four adopted children, whom
they carefully trained and prepared for positions
of usefulness in the world. One of these was
Robert B. Kanouse, who at the opening of the
Spanish war became leader of a band and went
to the front with the Sixth United States Cav-
alry. In recognition of his bravery in battle he
was transferred to the staff of General Bates, at
the request of the general himself, who had
occasion to notice the young man's valor. At
this writing he resides in Madison, Wis.

WILLIAM F. POPE. Immediately after
arriving in California in 1895, Mr. Pope estab-
lished his home in Moneta and here he has since
resided. A native of Missouri, he was born near
St. Joseph, January 18, 1862, being a son of
Robert and Tennessee (Spencer) Pope, natives
respectively of Kentucky and Buchanan county.
Mo. On his removal to Missouri Robert Pope
took up agricultural pursuits upon a raw and
unimproved quarter section, and for some years
he gave his attention entirely to farm work. On
removing to Leavenworth. Kans., he purchased
a livery stable and this he operated for five
years; his death occurred in that city. He was
a son of William Pope, who was born in the
vicinity of Louisville, Ky., and was a farmer
by occupation. Late in life he accompanied his
son to Missouri, where he remained until
death. The maternal grandfather, Obadiah
Martin Spencer, was born in North Carolina,
and there owned a large plantation on which
was raised tobacco and hemp. Removing to
Missouri he took with him his thirty-six slaves,
but the Civil war of course gave them their free-
dom. On his arrival in Missouri he home-
steaded one hundred and sixty acres, to which
he added by subsequent purchase until his
landed possessions aggregated seven hundred
acres. At an advanced age he retired from farm
pursuits and removed to Leavenworth, Kans.,
where his death occurred at eighty-six years.

In a family of ten children W. F. Pope was
the third in order of birth. In the usual routine
of school work he passed the years of boyhood.
When starting out to earn his own livelihood
he went west and herded cattle, spending three
years on the lonely plains and frontier. During
that time he traveled over much of the country
from New Mexico on the south to Montana on
the north. On his return to Leavenworth he
took up farm pursuits, managing a farm for
one-half of the proceeds, and this connec-
tion with an uncle continued for twelve years,
after which he acted as manager of a livery
stable in Leavenworth for two years. From
there he came to Moneta, Cal., and bought nine
acres of unimproved land, which he has since
placed under cultivation to strawberries and
Logan berries, besides a tract of alfalfa. The

residence which he occupies was erected under
his supervision and all of the other improve-
ments represent his personal labor and over-
sight. He owns one-half interest in a gasolme
pumping plant located on his place, and of thir-
ty-horse power, with a capacity of one hundred
inches. The water from this they sell two and
one-half days of each week, receiving ninety
cents an hour for the same.

Before coming to California Mr. Pope mar-
ried Miss Anna C. Drews, who was born in
Leavenworth county, Kans., and is a sister of
L. W. Drews, of Moneta. Her father, Rudolph •
Drews, a native of Germany, came to America
at an early age and subsequently traveled over
much of our country, finally establishing a per-
manent home in Leavenworth county, where he
took up a homestead claim of one hundred and
sixty acres. Further reference to his Hfe
appears in the sketch of his son, L. W. Drews.
The children of Mr. and Mrs. Pope, Katie, Rob-
ert and William, are with them in their Moneta
home. Political matters have to some extent
engaged the attention of Mr. Pope, who votes
the Democratic ticket both in local and national
elections. Among the offices which he has held
may be mentioned those of school trustee and
clerk of Moneta district. Fraternally he is con-
nected with the Knights of Pythias, Ancient
Order of United Workmen, Degree of Honor
and Rathbone Sisters.

J. T. LINVILLE. The transformation of
a barley field into a well-cultivated berry farm
proves that the years of Mr. Linville's residence
in Moneta have been industriously and wisely
spent. On his arrival here in 1893 he bought
ten acres and this he planted to some extent
in fruits and strawberries, reserving two acres
for alfalfa. The house which he erected on this
property is neat and comfortable and is often
the scene of hospitable gatherings of neighbors
and friends. Mr. Linville is a native of Mis-
souri and was born near Kansas City May 18,
1850, his parents being David and Sophia
(Bales) Linville, natives respectively of Penn-
sylvania and Tennessee. The maternal grand-
father, William Bales, was born and reared in
Tennessee, from which state he removed to
Missouri, becoming the owner of one of its
pioneer farms. In the improvement of the one
hundred and twenty acres comprising the estate
the balance of his active life was successfully
passed. His life was prolonged beyond the usual
span, covering about ninety-three years. When
a mere boy David Linville left Pennsylvania for
the then far west and arriving in Missouri began
farm pursuits. His first acquisition of land con-
sisted of a quarter section which he home-
steaded, and somewhat later he invested his
savings in three hundred and twenty acres.
On the large farm thus acquired he devoted

MR. AND MRS. J. A. MAY

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

923

himself to agricultural pursuits for sixty years,
and at the time of his death was four score
years of age. During the Black Hawk war he
went into the service to aid other pioneers in
defending their homes against the assaults of
hostile savages.

Under the supervision of his father J. T. Lin-
ville in boyhood gained a thorough knowledge
of the tilling of the soil and proper rotation of
crops. On leaving the home neighborhood in
1887 he came to California and settled at Vine-
land, where he bought five acres. During the
period of his residence there he married Miss
Emma Mclntyre, a native of Canada, and in
1893 they came to Moneta, where they now
make their home. In his opinions regarding
national problems Mr. Linville is a pronounced
Republican, and this party receives his support
in local and general elections.

JOHN A. JNIAY. It is indicative of Mr.
May's enterprise and progressive spirit that, since
he came to Redondo in 1890, he has not only
conducted a successful drug business, but has
identified himself with many movements for the
benefit of the town. Included among his pos-
sessions are six cottages on the beach, and he is
also a stockholder in Redondo cemetery. In the
office of justice of the peace he has rendered
impartial and efficient service. The gratifying
degree of success which has rewarded his efiforts
is particularly worthy of praise because he had
no influences to aid him in getting a start, but
all that he is and all that he has may be attributed
to his determination of character and wise judg-
ment.

In Delaware, Ohio, Mr. May was born Novem-
ber 24,' 1 85 1, a son of Bradford W. and Ellen
!May, natives respectively of Massachusetts and
New Jersey. His father, who was a contractor
and builder, settled in Delaware, Ohio, about
1840, and later followed his trade in the north-
western part of Missouri, twenty-six miles from
St. Joseph. The last years of his life were spent
in Oregon, where he died. At one time he vis-
ited California, but after a short time returned
to Oregon. His father, Asa May, was born in
England and settled at May's Landing, Mass.
The maternal grandfather of J. A. May was John
Van Liew, a native of New Jersey, of Dutch de-
scent, and for years a farmer in Ohio. Thence he
moved to Michigan, and later to Kansas, where
he died.

In a family of five children, four of whom at-
tained mature years, J. A. May was the eldest.
His education was sufficiently thorough to ena-
ble him to engage in teaching school successfully
for fifteen years. Meantime he became inter-
ested in the drug business, at which he served an
apprenticeship, thus acquiring a complete knowl-
edge of drugs, and when he came to Redondo in
1890 he brought his stock of drugs with him, es-

tablishing the business which he has since con-
ducted. Among the residents of the town he is
well known as a far-sighted business man and
patriotic citizen, who takes an active part in local
workings of the Republican party, is also asso-
ciated with the Maccabees, and is identified with
the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1885 he
was united in marriage with Miss Clara L.
Davison, who was born in Lincoln, Neb. The
two children born of this union are deceased.
Mrs. May is a daughter of J. L. Davison, a na-
tive of New York, and for some years the pro-
prietor of a grist mill at Lincoln, Neb., but now
the occupant and owner of a ranch at Green
Meadows in Los Angeles county. Being a
woman of ability and intelligence, Mrs. May has
devoted considerable attention to acquiring a
thorough knowledge of the drug business and
her assistance is therefore of the greatest aid to
Mr. May in the management of the store, his
success, indeed, resulting not a little from her co-
operation and counsel.

N. E. COWLES. Varied experiences in
different localities have brought Mr. Cowles
a ripened judgment and have prepared him to
enter into horticultural pursuits with intelli-
gence, industry and energy. Coming to Cali-
fornia in 1889 and to Gardena in the spring of
1898, he has since made the latter place the
scene of his activities, having in the year last
named purchased seventeen acres of partly
improved land and erected a neat and commo-
dious residence. By planting a variety of prod-
ucts he has shown sound common sense and
foresight. The acreage is divided as follows:
Alfalfa, six acres ; two acres in strawberries, two
in blackberries, three in raspberries, one-half
acre in dewberries, one-half acre in asparagus,
one acre in grapes and fruit trees, and the bal-
ance in pasture. An abundance of water is se-
cured by means of a gasoline pumping plant
with a capacity of forty inches.

Mr. Cowles was born in Amherst, Hampshire
county, Mass., April i, 1854, being a son of
Jonathan and Sarah (Dickinson) Cowles, also
natives of Amherst. His father, who operated
a sawmill and also owned three hundred acres
of land, died at Amherst in April of 1902. He
was a son of Jonathan Cowles. who tilled the
soil of the family homestead, the same being a
tract which was granted to the great-grand-
father by George III. of England. The Cowles
family is of English extraction. Mrs. Sarah
Cowles was a daughter of Walter Dickinson, a
farmer, who spent his entire life in Connecticut.
Tn her family there were three daughters and
two sons, and N. E. is second among the four
now living. He was given a public school edu-
cation, supplemented by a year in a New Hamp-
shire seminary. His first employment was as
a clerk, after which he became associated with

HISTORICAL ANA BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

a paper mill, and still later entered the meat
business in Amherst, Mass. During 1875 he
went to Iowa and purchased a farm near Farm-
ington, Van Buren county. However, not sat-
isfied with the prospects there, the next year he
removed to Texas, but after one winter in that
state returned to Iowa and became a farmer ni
Taylor countv. After a time he went to Storm
Lake, the same state, where he followed farm-
ing. The fall of 1877 found him again in Massa-
chusetts, where he took up agricultural pursuits.
Two years later he became connected with a
tobacco-raising enterprise in that state.

On again coming west of the Mississippi
river, in the spring of 1880, Mr. Cowles settled
on a farm in Douglas county, Neb. During
1882 and 1883 he acted as agent in Hamdton,
York and Pope counties, Neb., for the York
Nurserv Company of Fort Scott, Kans. On giv-
ing up that work in 1884 he bought eighty acres
adjoining the town of Valley, Neb., and the cul-
tivation of this engaged his time and attention
until 1889, when he crossed the mountains to
California. His first location in this state was
in Kern countv, wdiere he took up a homestead
from the government and the quarter section
thus secured was his home for seven years and
still remains in his possession. After a visit of
some nionths at his former home in the east, in
the spring of 1898 he returned to California and
purchased the property at Gardena, which he
still owns and occupies. As yet he has not
identified himself with politics, although he is
stanch in his adherence to Republican princi-
ples. He is connected with the Fraternal
Brotherhood and the Masonic blue lodge, and
gives his support to movements along similar
lines for the progress of his community and the
welfare of his fellow citizens. While living in
Kern county he married Mrs. Leonora Battle,
who was born in Illinois and in 1887 came to
California in company with her father, S. O.
Knight, settling in Pasadena. After two years
they removed to Kern county, where Mr.
Knight took up a homestead claim of one hun-
dred and sixty acres. From there he went to
Santa Anita as foreman of E. J. Baldwin's fruit
farms, and in 1902 he removed to San Gabriel
valley, buying a ranch which is now his home.

CHARLES L STEBBINS. Throughout the
neighborhood of Moneta, where he has made
his home since 1897, Air. Stcbbins is known as
an enterprising and efficient fruit farmer, and
there are few who surpass him in his knowledge
of the best varieties of strawberries and the best
modes of cultivating the same. Immediately
after coming to this place he rented six acres,
which were already under cultivation to straw-
berries. These proved to be of an excellent va-
riety and their sale brought him a neat sum.
which was the nucleus of his later-acquired

prosperity. He bought six acres of land in 1902
and now cultivates altogether twenty-one
acres.

Mr. Stebbins was born in Portland, Me.,
January 6, 1867, being the only child of Charles
H. and' Mary G. (Lewis) Stebbins, both natives
of VVestfield, Mass. His father, who followed
the business of cigar manufacturing both in
Massachusetts and Maine, removed from New
England to Colorado, establishing his home in
Puelslo. From that city he removed to Ogden,
Utah, and later spent some time in Salt Lake
City, coming from there to California in 1895,
and settling in Moneta. While the family were
living in Springfield, Mass., Charles L. Steb-
bins attended the public schools there, and dur-
ing the vacation seasons assisted his father in
the cigar business. During 1891, when the
family lived in Salt Lake City, he worked for
his father there, but the following year started
out for himself, coming to California and taking
np the berry business at Moneta. He was mar-
ried in Oakland, Cal., his w-ife being Miss
Maude D. Ames, a native of Downsville, Wis.
They have three children, Ethel Marie, Charles
Leslie and Inez Grace.

By all who know Mr. Stebbins there is no
doubt as to his political views, for he is a very
pronounced and active Republican, and always
supports the principles of his party. Frater-
nally he is connected with the Knights of
Pythias and the Ancient Order of United
Workmen. As a citizen he supports movements
for the benefit of his community and may be
relied upon to give his earnest allegiance to
measures of undoubted worth and progressive
character.

C. SEBELIUS. The present home of Mr.
Sebelius, at Gardena, forms a striking contrast,
in climate and environment, to his boyhood's
home in South Hallan, Sweden, where he was
born January 15, 1859. His father, Johannes,
tilled a farm of one hundred and sixty acres,
which he leased for a period of twenty-five
years, and on which he died in 1880. at forty-
seven years of age. He was a son of Christian
Sebelius, a Swedish farmer, and his ancestors
were farmers, as far back as the records extend.
Since his death his widow has continued to
make her home in Sweden. Until twenty years
of age the subject of this article attended local
schools and worked on the home farm, but in-
1879 he started out for himself, becoming a
sailor on the Baltic and North seas.

Arriving in the United States in 1882, Mr.
Sebelius found employment with the Missouri
Pacific Railroad Company in its freight depot
at St. Louis, Mo., where he remained for eight-
een months. He then came to California and
for a year worked in the apiary of T. F. Mitchell
at Solcdad Canon, after which he engaged in

C. ^ , /^'^'-^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

925

the bee business for himself. The year 1890
found him in Los Angeles, with little money
and no friends to aid him in securing a good
start. He secured an appointment as janitor
at the State Normal School, and this position
lie held five years. With the savings of these
years he invested in twenty acres at Gardena,
and this tract he has converted into one of the
finest improved ranches in the vicinity. The
ranch house was built under his supervision,
and the land has been placed under cultivation,
two acres being in blackberries, one-eighth of
an acre in Logan berries, and the balance of
the property in watermelons, muskmelons and
alfalfa. A valuable improvement made by him
is his private pumping plant, of sixty-five acres'
rapacity, which not only furnishes an abundance
of water for his own land, but enables him to
sell some to his neighbors.

While living in Los Angeles Mr. Sebelius
married Miss Amanda Charlotte Nelson, a na-
tive of Sweden, and a daughter of Johannes Nel-
son, who was a lifelong resident of that country.
They have two living children, Marie Justina
and Carl Melville, who were the only children
ever born within the walls of the Los Angeles
State Normal School. Another child, Edna
Amanda, died in Gardena when three years of
age. The family are earnest members of the
Swedish Lutheran Church, and are highly re-
spected not only by people of their own na-
tionality, but by all who honor integrity,
progressiveness and perseverance. Since be-
coming a citizen of the United States Mr. Se-
belius has voted the Republican ticket.

also Orange Chapter No. "/T)- R- -^^ ^^-^ and
Santa Ana Commandery No. 36, K. T. Politi-
cally he is independent.

CHARLES DEXTER BALL, M. D. A na-
tive of Stanstead, Quebec, born October 5, 1859,
Charles Dexter Ball received his literary educa-
tion principally in the Wesleyan College at Stan-
stead, while his professional education was ob-
tained in Bishop's Medical College at Montreal,
from which he was graduated with honors in
1884. Returning to Stanstead, he opened an of-
fice and began a general practice. Three years
later he came to California and settled in Santa
Anz, where he has built up a large and profitable
practice, not limited to the city itself, but ex-
tending throughout the country. He has made
the study of medicine his lifew'ork. He assisted
in the organization of the Orange County Medi-
cal Society, of which he served as president in
1893. Besides he helped to organize the South-
ern California Medical Society, of which he was
vice-president in 1898. He is a member of the
-State IMedical Society and also of the .American
Medical .Association. .A firm believer in the pub-
lic-school system, his interest in educational work
has been continuous, and for nine years he was.
actively connected with the board of education
in Santa Ana. Fraternally he is connected with
the Odd Fellows and the Blue Lodge of Masons,

BYRON A. MOORE. While he is still
only of middle age, Mr. Moore has become ac-
quainted with life under diverse conditions and
varying environments. As a boy he became fa-
miliar with the long, bleak winters of Canada
and Minnesota; in early manhood he bad many
thrilling experiences while living the rough and
ready life of a cowboy on the western plains;
and of recent years he has lived the peaceful life
of a horticulturist in Southern California, own-
ing a neat little ranch at Moneta. He was born
at Oxford, Ontario, Canada, July i. 1858, being
a son of Andrew and Margaret (Stover) Moore,
both of Canadian birth. His father, wlio was a
general merchant, during the later years of his
life was unable to engage in business, owing
to poor health. It was with a hope of regain-
ing his strength that he came to Los Angeles
in 1886, but the anticipation was unrealized and
he remained an invalid until his death. His
wife, who was the daughter of a Canadian
farmer born in New York, is now making her
home with her second child, B. A., at Moneta.
In the family there are two other children.

When his school days had ended, B. .\.
Moore started out for himself, and for five years
was employed as a cow puncher in Montana.
From there in 1887 he came to California and
settled near Azusa in the San Gabriel vallev,
where he bought twenty acres. This tract he
planted in oranges, apricots and peaches. How-
ever, the venture did not prove successful, so
he disposed of the property and removed to
Moneta, where he owns a ten-acre place, mostly
in barley. He is unmarried, and his home is
presided over by his widowed mother. Frater-
nally he is connected with the Knights of Pyth-
ias and the Independent Order of Foresters,
while in politics he is a Republican. Whatever
of success the future years may bring him will
be appreciated and deserved, for he has been
a man of perseverance, energy and great indu.^-
try, who has had no one to aid him iii the strug-
gle for advancement

D. R. HANCOCK, M. D. The family rep-
resented by Dr. Hancock of Redondo is anioncr
the old-established and honored families of
\merica. One of its distant connections was
Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock. The father of
Dr. Hancock was himself a man of distinction
and ability, and not only filled the position of
superintendent of the public schools of Cincin-
nati for a long period, but at the time of his
death was holding the high office of state super-
intendent of schools for Ohio. In every posi-
tion to which he was called he proved himself
to be in touch with the highest ideals of educa-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

tion as well as the most practical advances made
in pedagogy. By his marriage to Elizabeth
Jones, who, like himself, was a native of Ohio,
six children were bom, one of these being
\V. F., a graduate of West Point, and now a
captain of artillery in the United States army.

The youngest of the family was D. R. Han-
cock, whose education commenced in grammar
.--chools and supplemented by a complete course
of high-school study, turned his mind in the
direction of the science of materia medica and
therapeutics. Deciding to become a physician,
he matriculated in the Starling Medical College
of his native city of Cincinnati, and there he
took the complete course of lectures, remaining
until his graduation. Having been born jNIay
1 1, 1870, he was still quite young when he came
to California and settled at Redondo in the
spring of 1894. Since then he has conducted a
general practice of medicine, including, besides
his private practice, the duties of physician for
the Redondo Beach Company, and physician for
the Independent Order of Foresters. Besides
his labors as a practitioner, he has filled the
office of city recorder for one term and has
been active in the local work of the Democratic
party. The Maccabees number him among
their members, as do also the Foresters. Fond
of the pleasures of life, he intersperses profes-
sional labors with the various recreations that
appeal most to him, and is a welcomed guest in
the best homes of Redondo.

SAMUEL K. WOODWARD. The identi-
fication of IMr. Woodward with Southern Cali-
fornia covers a long period. It was on the i8th
of May, 1868, that he left Austin, Tex., for the
trip across the plains to the coast, wending his
way hither with a party of men whose wagons
were drawn by oxen and mules. A monotonous
journey ended on the 12th of August, when he
arrived in San Bernardino, and from there he
proceeded to Los Angeles in December of the
same year. Entering upon the occupation of a
builder, he continued the same for twelve years,
and meantime (in 1869) l)ought forty acres near
Downey, which he cultivated and improved.
During 1879 he came to Gardena, where he
rented a tract of farm land. Seven years later
he bought seventy-two acres of unimproved
land, on which nothing but barley had ever
been raised. Here he has since made his home.
The land is principally under alfalfa, although
twenty-three acres are under cultivation to a
variety of products. The house that stands on
the ranch was erected under his supervision.
Water was reached at a depth of two hundred
and thirteen feet, whence it is forced upward by
compressed air, the capacity being seventy
inches.

In Jackr-on county, Ala., Mr. Woodward wa^
born .A.ugust 31, 1837, being a son of J. B. and

Nancy (Kitchens) Woodward, natives respec-
tively of Lincoln county, Tenn., and North
Carolina. His maternal grandfather was Sam-
uel Kitchens, a native of North Carolina, and
an early settler of Franklin county, Tenn., where
he bought a plantation of two hundred acres
and spent the remainder of his life. J. B. Wood-
ward was in early life a planter, but later be-
came interested in the running of a saw and
grist mill. For some years he made his home
in Alabama, but returned to Tennessee, whence
in 1856 he removed to Fayette county, Tex., and
later established his home in Mason county,
same state, where he now owns a farm of one
hundred and sixty acres.

In a family of two sons and six daughters,
S. K. Woodward was next to the youngest.
Reared to a knowledge of farm pursuits, he has
always been more or less interested in agricul-
ture, though for a portion of his early life he
followed the building business. During the
Civil war he served in a Texas regiment for
four years, his company being principally on
duty east of the Mississippi river, with the army
of the Tennessee. After the close of the war
he resumed the pursuits of peace, making his
home in Texas until his removal to California.
He was reared in the faith of the Methodist
Episcopal Church South and the Democratic
party, and his allegiance to both has continued
up to the present time. Fraternally he is a
member of the blue lodge of INIasons and the
Ancient Order of United Workmen. After
coming to Los Angeles county he married Eliza
Dunn, who was born in Georgia, a daughter of
J. A. Duim. They became the parents of eight
children, six of whom are living, namely: Rob-
ert R., at home; William B., of Gardena; Car-
rie L., Henry M., Samuel C. and Earl T., who
are with their parents.

L. J. WOOLLEY. The industry in which
Mr. Woolley is especially interested has not
only brought a fair degree of success to him, but
has also proved helpful to his home town of Re-
dondo, as it has brought to the public notice its
desirability as a fishing district. It was he who
started this business here and he has now built
up a good trade, employing three men with
three boats and making large shipments each
day. Besides, he is the owner of the yacht
Ruby. In addition to his local interests he
owns stock in copper and lead mines in Colo-
rado.

In Sacramento, Cal., Mr. Woolley was born
on the 4th of July, 1867, being a son of John
and Cassandra Woolley, natives of Ohio. His
father engaged in school teaching as an early
means of livelihood and later turned his atten-
tion to general merchandising. In 1849 he
crossed the plains and settled in the Willa-
mette valley in Oregon. After twelve years he

'aui4>^ c H^^^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

removed to Sacramento, Cal., where he en-
joyed a fair degree of prosperity until the floods
of 1866 caused a total loss of the savings of
years; indeed, he and his family barely escaped
with their lives. Discouraged with prospects
there, he removed to San Francisco in 1867 and
later settled in Santa Barbara, from there going
to Ventura county and buying three hundred
acres near the present site of Oxnard. The
raising of sheep formed his principal occupation
from that time until his death.

The youngest of five children, L. J. Woolley
received a public-school education and the ad-
vantages of a business training in Los Angeles
Business College. For a time he was employed
as a musician in an orchestra of Los Angeles,
from which city he came to Redondo in i88g
and has since engaged in the fishing business.
One of the active Republicans of the town, he
has done much to promote the success of his
party. For two years he served as city mar-
shal and for one term held the office of city
trustee. Fraternally he is connected with the
Masons and Independent Order of Foresters.
After coming to Redondo he married Miss
Anna Smith, who was born in Germany, and
by whom he has one son, Ross W. Woolley.

JAMES A. BLOOD. On a high elevation
among the foot-hills in Santa Barbara county,
commanding a splendid view of the ranches of
the valley, the changeful ocean, and the distant
Channel Islands, is the residence of James A.
Blood, one of the first settlers in the Carpinteria
valley. Fie came here in 1867, after various ex-
periences in dififerent parts of the country, in-
terspersed with the successes and failures which
fall to the lot of men of marked individuality, and
with force of character sufficient to lead them
into risks while endeavoring to achieve their ex-
pectations.

An interesting light is thrown upon the suc-
cess of Mr. Blood from a knowledge of the dif-
ferent stages which led up to it. He was born in
Boston, Mass., in 1818, a son of Joseph Blood,
a native of Salem. His father was a mechanic
by occupation, and in 1820 removed to Roches-
ter, N. Y., when that town contained but one
public house and one mill, and when the pub-
lic thoroughfares were filled with stumps of all
grades and varieties. James A. lived in Roches-
ter until 1838, when he went west to Peoria, 111.,
just after the Black Hawk war, and remained
there for twelve years, engaged in the manufac-
ture of plows. He made the first scouring plow
in the state, then known as the Blood & Moshier
plow, and so great a curiosity was it that people
came for miles to witness its workings. Mr.
Blood also engaged in farming in Illinois, and
at one time owned a quarter section of land. In
1850 he made arrangements to cross the plains
to California, taking with him several men whi:>

paid him for transportation, and upon arriving
at his destination located at Sacramento in July
of 1850, being one of the first to cross the moun-
tains east of Sacramento. He then engaged in
placer mining for a time on the American river,
and the same fall returned east by way of the
isthmus, and engaged in the hardware business
in Farmington, 111. A year later he sold out and
again crossed the plains, this time settling at
Marysville, where he traded with the mining
camps in partnership with Thomas Shannon,
who later was a member of congi-ess from Cali-
fornia.

In the fall of 1858 Mr. Blood returned east
with his brother, and on the border of Texas pur-
chased twelve hundred head of cattle, which they
drove up the Arkansas river to Pueblo, then on
to Denver and Nevada, leaving the cattle to graze
during the winter at Big Meadows on the Hum-
boldt river. This deal proved a disastrous one,
for the Indians stampeded and stole much of the
stock, leaving them about five hundred and fifty
head of cattle ; the remainder were stolen by the
red men. Mr. Blood then went to the Indian
valley and engaged in placer mining, and finally
struck a good quartz mine, for the crushing of
which he built a mill, the investment afifording
about $100,000 profit. The second year a divi-
dend of $300,000 was declared between the three
stockholders. The third year he sold out and
took another trip east, and in the spring of 1867
located at Carpinteria, and purchased one hun-
dred and seventy acres of land, a part of which
comprises his present home. The land is splen-
didly improved, and walnuts, lemons, olives, and
general fruits are raised in large quantities. For
a number of years Mr. Blood was a member of
the firm of Blood & Orr, grocers, of Santa Bar-
bara, but after six years he went out of the busi-
ness and returned to the management of his
ranch. He is a director in the Commercial Bank
of Santa Barbara, a member of the Chamber of
Commerce, and owns considerable real estate in
this city.

At Avon, Fulton county, 111., March 29, 1840,
Mr. Blood married Cornelia L. Woods, and it
has been his lot to enjoy a most harmonious home
life. Fifty years horn his marriage he and his
wife celebrated their golden wedding. In politi-
cal affiliation Mr. Blood is a Greenbacker, and
in 1881 was a candidate for county treasurer, but
was defeated by a small majority.

P. S. VENABLE. Numbered among the
few native-born sons of California residing in
Redondo is Mr. Venable, who was born in this
state January 19, 1862. His father, Hon. J.
W. Venable, was a native of Shelby county,
Ky., born in 1831. to Samuel and Louisa
f.^llen) ^''enable. 'The Venable family came
from Scotland and settled in Prince Edward
county, \'a., thence removing with Daniel

930

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Boone to Kentucky. At the age of sixteen
years J. W. Venable served three months in the
Mexican war. The next year he came to Cali-
fornia and began mining in Placer county, after
which he followed farming and stock-raising
for thirty years. In 1869 he settled in Los An-
geles county and purchased two hundred acres
twelve miles from Los Angeles, where he still
makes his home. Under his supervision the
land has been brought under cultivation, largely
to deciduous fruits. In former years he w-as a
prominent Democrat of his community; In
1873 he was elected to the state assembly; from
1881 to 1884 served as assessor of Los Angeles
county, acted as supervisor from 1886 to 1888,
and w'hile in Contra Costa county held office as
justice of the peace and associate justice. Fra-
ternally he is connected with the Masons, Odd
Fellow's and Ancient Order of United Work-
men.

In Placer county, in 1852, J. W. Venable mar-
ried Angelina Garrett, who died in i860, leav-
ing a daughter, Elizabeth Louisa, wife of Joseph
Afbright. The second wife of Mr. Venable was
.\nnie Elizabeth Tate, of Contra Costa county,
by whom he became the father of the following-
named children: P. S., of Redondo; Caroline,
Nellie, Mattie, John A., Villa Marsh, Joseph W.,
Charles Bush, Mary H., Lulu E., Aggie, An-
drew and George. The father of Mrs. Annie
(Tate) Venable was Jackson Tate, a native of
Maine and a seafaring man by occupation. The
subject of this sketch received a public-school
education in California. He was seven years of
age when the family settled in Los Angeles
county, and has spent practically all of his ac-
tive life here. In this county he married Susie,
daughter of William Mallott, and a native of
Platte county. Mo. Her father removed from
Missouri to Los Angeles county in 1875 and
settled upon an alfalfa ranch ; his death occurred
some years later. The children of Mr. and Mrs.
Venable are Hazel, Max, Carrie and Helen, all
of whom are at home. The family are con-
nected with the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Fraternally Mr. Venable is associated with
the blue lodge of Masons, Eastern Star, Inde-
pendent Order of Foresters, Maccabees and
Royal Arcanum. Reared under Democratic in-
fluences, he has seen no reason to change his
faith in mature years, and votes for and works
with the candidates of the party. He is inter-
ested in educational matters, as is shown by his
efficient service as school trustee. At this writ-
ing he is a director of the Redondo Board of
Trade. In addition to his tract of two hundred
acres, he leases about twenty-six hundred acres,
which is utilized for grain. The supervision of
his ranch is under his personal control and none
of the smallest details are neglected. However,
he finds time for other interests, particularly for
contracting, of which he is making a specialty.

Among his contracts are those for the grading
of Hermosa avenue in Hermosa, a new beach
town near Redondo; the completion of a con-
tract for the Los Angeles & Pacific Railway
Company; and the grading of the new car barns
for the Redondo & Los Angeles Electric Rail-
road, all of which contracts he has executed
with painstaking skill.

M. R. TOLAND, M. D. In no field of
thought has the development of recent years
been more remarkable than in that of electric-
ity. It has long been known to students of the
science that medical practitioners might ad-
vantageously avail themselves of its possibilities
in the healing art, but even at the present day
comparatively few physicians take advantage
of this opportunity. After some years in gen-
eral practice, Dr. Toland decided to take up the
study of electricity, believing it to be one of the
greatest remedial agents within the reach of the
medical science. Accordingly he went to San
Francisco and studied under the most able pro-
fessors. On the conclusion of his course, in
1885, he opened an office at San Jacinto, but
two years later came to Pomona, where he has
since made a specialty of electro-therapeutics.
His office on Second street comprises a large
reception room and three consulting and oper-
ating rooms, fitted out with the latest electrical
appliances, including the Bertman battery and
the X-ray machine. \Vith the advantage of
years of experience and study, and with the aid
of his modern equipments, he is prepared to
treat all diseases that can be benefited by elec-
tricity. He is a member of the Southern Cali-
fornia Medical Society and at one time served
as its vice-president. In addition he has been
connected actively with the Riverside Medical
Society and the Academy of Medical Science in
Los Angeles.

In Columbus, Miss., Dr. Toland was born
May 3, 1853, and is a son of Rev. J. F. W. To-
land, whose entire active life was devoted to the
ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church
.South. He was reared principally in Waco,
Tex., where he attended the high school and the
university. On completing his literary studies
he took up the study of medicine, taking two
years of lectures in Bryan University and later
attending the .Atlanta (Ga.) Medical College,
from which he was graduated in 1883. Until
coming to California he carried on practice in
Waco and other southern towns, but he has
never had cause to regret his decision to re-
move to the Pacific coast and devote himself
exclu-sively to the treatment of diseases by
electricity. He has acted as medical examiner
for the majority of fraternal organizations in
this locality and is personally connected with
the Foresters, Maccabees and Independent
Order of Odd Fellows.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

931

The marriage of Dr. Toland united him with
Miss Maud B. Gaines, who was born in Little
Rock, Ark., and grew to womanhood in Waco,
Tex. Thev are the parents of eight children,
namely: Clarence G. Toland, M. D.; Molly O.,
who married J. S. Poole, of Valley Mills, Tex.,
and has a son, Sanford; Mattie E., at home;
Minta W., wife of C. F. Downing, of Valley
Mills, Tex., and the mother of a daughter,
Paulina; Perin H., a student of dentistry in Los
Angeles; Ethel L., Marcellin R., Jr., and Jo-
seph F. The oldest son was born in Waco,
Tex., in 1875, and after the completion of an
academic course began the study of medicine,
for which he had showed decided inclination
from early boyhood. After graduating from the
Kansas City 'Medical College in 1891, he re-
turned to Pomona and has since assisted his
father in his practice. At this writing he is sec-
retary of the Medical Society of the Pomona
Valley and a member of the Southern California
Medical Society.

B. S. NICHOLS. The varied services ren-
dered by Dr. Nichols in connection with the
ilevelopment of water in the Pomona valley and
his long and successful occupancy of the posi-
tion of president of the Pomona Land and
Water Company have brought him prominence
and influence among all who realize the impor-
tance of the proper solution of questions rela-
tive to irrigation. Of eastern descent, he was
born in Enosburg, Vt., in 1824, and received his
education in that little town, afterward taking
up the study of medicine, as taught by the old
school. In 1847 he began to practice at Frank-
lin, Vt., but later opened an office at Crown
Point, Essex county, N. Y., and still later was
a practitioner at Whitehall, N. Y., where he set-
tled in 1851. Tlie constant strain of long drives,
exposure in inclement weather and responding
to calls by night as well as day, finally seriously
undermined his health and obliged him to re-
linquish his practice. Entering upon a new line
of activity, he became a partner of Israel Davy
in the manufacture of iron, under the firm title
of Davy & Nichols, at Fairhaven, Vt. From
there in 1865 he removed to Burlington, Vt.,
where he made his home until 1886. During
the Civil war he helped raise a regiment for
service in the Union army, but his men were ab-
sorbed by other regiments, and he did not go
to the front.

Having disposed of his interests in the east,
in the fall of 1886 Dr. Nichols came to Califor-
nia and settled in Pomona, where he has since
been associated with the Pomona Land and
Water Company. This organization was estab-
lished in 1 881 with C. T. Mills as president and
M. L. Wick vice-president. The company's
original purchase comprised twelve thousand
acres of pasture and unimproved land, all situ-

ated in the Pomona valley. The first step of
the company was the development of a system
of water available for all horticulturists whose
land was contiguous to the system. April 20,
1884, Mr. Mills died. He was succeeded as
president by H. A. Palmer, and the latter in
turn was succeeded in 1887 by Dr. Nichols, who
had previously become a large stockholder.
Since then a tract of three thousand acres has
been added to the original purchase. From
time to time portions of the property have been
sold to settlers and by them converted into
finely improved fruit ranches. In the system,
as originally planned, artesian wells were util-
ized, but they proved inadequate to the de-
mand, and so pumping stations were erected
which have since been used.

In addition to being connected with this
company. Dr. Nichols is interested in the Po-
mona water works, also bore a part in estab-
lishing the Claremont and Del Monte Water
Companies and the Palomares Company. In
spite of the fact that these varied interests have
demanded much of his time and thought, he has
still found leisure to exercise a close supervision
of his ranch near Pomona. This spot is one of
the most inviting in the neighborhood. The
thrifty appearance of the orchards proves that
the owner has made a success in his experi-
ments with the raising of tropical fruits. The
residence of adobe is one of those typical south-
ern structures that seem happily in harmony
with the environment, and around it on every
hand may be seen beautiful palm trees, which
complete the rural picture of beauty and con-
tent.

While living in Crown Point, N. Y., Dr.
Nichols married Miss Lucy H. Penfield. The
children born of their union are named as fol-
lows: Charles P., of Pomona; Mrs. Mary H.
Burr, of Bridgeport, Conn.; James H. and
Allen P., both of Pomona; and Mrs. Annie S.
Barrows. Tlie family are connected with the
Congregational Church.

EDWARD J. FLEMING. As a resident of
Pomona during almost his entire life Mr. Flem-
ing is especially interested in its progress and
familiar with its history. He was born in Cam-
bridge, Mo., March 28, 1872, and was four years
of age when he accompanied his mother to Cali-
fornia, joining his father, Peter Fleming, in the
eastern part of Los Angeles county. Primarily
educated in local public schools, he was after-
ward a student in Pomona College, where he
completed his literary studies. When.it came
the time to choose a life occupation, he decided
upon the law, and the decision made in his
youth he has had no cause to regret in his man-
hood. Under the preceptorship of P. C. Ten-
ner, one of the most noted attornevs of Po-
mona, he began In's law studies, and 'continued

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

932

the same uninterruptedly until he was admitted
to the bar in 1894. It was his good fortune to
begin in practice as a partner of his former
preceptor, and the firm of Tenner & Flemmg
continued until the fall of 1896, the junior part-
ner meantime relieving the older lawyer of
much of the detail connected with the practice
and at the same time gaining much from the
constant association with a man of such keen
intellect and shrewd judgment as Mr. Tonner
possessed. In 1898 Mr. Fleming formed a part-
nership with Paul E. Ussher, and this associa-
tion continues to the present, the firm transact-
ing a general law business.

Ever since he began to practice Mr. Fleming
has been identified with local matters and, as a
public-spirited citizen, has done his part toward
advancing the interests of Pomona. As the
candidate on the anti-license ticket, he was
elected city attorney in 1897 to succeed J. A.
Owen. Two years later he was re-elected, but
resigned the office October 16, 1899, and .\llen
P. Nichols was elected to fill the vacancy thlis
created. During his incumbency of the office
he drew up the papers in connection with the
issuing of a $30,000 bond for the sewerage ; the
documents passed the test of courts and the
bonds found a ready market. All through this
matter he had been firm in adhering to the law,
and turned a deaf ear to the advice of many
citizens. The result was an honor to him and
a credit to the community. While a partner of
Mr. Tonner, their firm organized many of the
local companies and had charge of the law mat-
ters of a majority of the corporations here doing
business. In these various ways he has gained
a comprehensive knowledge of the technicalities
of the law and particularly the management of
a civil practice. The success which he has al-
readv attained is, in the opinion of his friends,
the precursor of a long and prosperous career.
As evidence of his interest in Pomona and
the permanency of his residence here, it may be
mentioned that Mr. Fleming has erected an at-
tractive dwelling house on the corner of Holt
and Gordon avenues. When the Order of
Maccabees was organized he became a charter
member and has since occupied its various
chairs. .\s an officer he has been connected
with the Kniglits of Pythias and is also a mem-
ber of its grand lodge. In addition he is con-
nected with the Woodmen of the World and the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

PAUL E. USSHER. The junior member of
the Potfiona law firm of Fleming & Ussher was
born in Walkerton township, province of Onta-
rio, Canada, June 2, 1878. His father, Henry
Ussher, M. D., was a native of Quebec, and
spent much of his active life in Canada. On the
completion of his literary course lie took up the

study of medicine, which he continued until he
was graduated from McGill Medical College of
Montreal with the class of 1861. During the
early months of his practice he made his home
at Bowmanville, and from there removed to
Walkerton, Ontario, during the '60s. being the
first physician to settle in that township.
Among the people for miles in every direction
he was known and respected, and his practice
grew to such dimensions that leisure was impos-
sible. Under the strain of years of overwork
his health at last broke down, and he found
himself obliged to relinquish professional work
entirely. Hoping that a milder climate might
produce beneficial results in his physical condi-
tion, in 1889 he went to Florida, but was dis-
appointed in that region, and so came to Cali-
fornia. The climate of Pomona at once proved
beneficial. Accordingly he sent for his family
and purchased a ranch of deciduous fruits. With
his son-in-law, M. W. Cobban, he embarked in
the cattle business, having stock both in Los
.\ngeles and San Bernardino counties. In this
he continued until his final retirement from
business. In the various places where he re-
sided he identified himself with local affairs and
always proved himself to be a helpful, resource-
ful citizen. While living in Ontario he served
as county coroner and jail surgeon and in other
capacities. Masonry, with its high principles
and its spirit of helpfulness, appealed to his na-
ture, and he gave it his interested support.
In religion he was a member of the Christadel-
phian Church. By his marriage to Catherine
Gammond, of Montreal, he had four children,
namely: Georgiana. who married M. W. Cab-
ban ; Marguerite, wife of W^ L. Lawrence : Paul
E. ; and Frederick, who is in the drug business.
The early education of Paul E. Ussher was
secured in Canadian schools, and after coming
to Pomona he was given all the advantages of
the grammar and high schools here. Selecting
the profession of law for his life work, he en-
tered upon its study under the tutelage of the
talented P. C. Tonner, to whose kindly over-
sight and guidance he owes much. Upon at-
taining his majority, in 1898, he was admitted to
the bar. and afterward continued with Mr. Ton-
ner for eighteen months, at the expiration of
which time the firm of Fleming & Ussher was
formed by his partnership with Edward J. Flem-
ing. The young men possess the energy requi-
site to success and are building up an impor-
tant practice in all of the courts. \^arious
fraternal societies number Mr. Ussher among
their members, including the Woodmen of the
World, the Knights of Pytbias and the Order
of Foresters, in which he has served as an offi-
cer. The qualities which he possesses are
bringing him a high place in the regard of the
people of Pomona, where professionally and so-
cially he has won a host of friends.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ELLEN_ BURPEE FARR. The artistic taste
and executive ability of Mrs. Ellen Burpee Farr
are perhaps the predominating characteristics
which have won her an unchallenged position
among the influential women of Southern Cali-
fornia. The old missions perpetuated in all their
picturesque interest b)' her magic brush ; the fo-
liage and vivid berries of the pepper tree which
have brightened so many of her canvases ; her
fish, game, and Indian basket studies, have made
her name a household one in Pasadena and
throughout the state, and brought orders from
every part of the L^nited States, and five differ-
ent countries beyond the sea. So far-reaching
a reputation bespeaks a world of tireless appli-
cation to the best tenets of art, and would in it-
self, irrespective of her other claims to consider ■
ation, constitute the sum of a well rounded career
to any woman less splendidly enthusiastic than
this believer in all things beautiful and uplifting;.
In her youth Mrs. Farr was surrounded with
incentives to large accomplishment. She was
born in New Hampton, N. H., and is a daughter
of Augustus Burpee, a native of Boscawen, Mer-
rimack county, N. H., and a schoolmate of
Morse, of telegraphic fame. Her grandfather,
Jeremiah, was the pioneer and most prominent
potter in the state of New Hampshire, and a mas-
ter in his line. Augustus Burpee was an ex-
porter of shook to Cuba and had a very large
business. In later life he went into the mercan-
tile business, and continued thus up to his re-
tirement. He died at New Hampton, where he
had been very prominent in general affairs, and
where he was known as a stanch supporter of
Republican politics. He married Sarah Glines
Robinson, born in New Hampton. N. H., and a
daughter of Benjamin Robinson, whose fore-
fathers had served with Washington in the Rev-
olutionary war. Of the three children born to
Augustus Burpee .and wife, Mrs. Farr alone is
living. She was educated in the New Hampton
Institution and at the Thetford Academy, where
she met her future husband, with whom she was
united in marriage in Portsmouth, N. H., Mav
19, 1861.

Major Evarts Worcester Farr was born in
Littleton, N. H., October 10, 1840, and authen-
tically traced his ancestry back to King Philip.
His father, John, was a well known attorney,
and his mother, formerly Tryphena Morse, was
born in New Hampshire, and came from an old
New England family. Major Farr graduated
with high honors from the institution at Thet-
ford, Vt., and then entered Dartmouth College,
his training there being interrupted by the break-
ing out of the Civil war. He enlisted from the
town of Littleton in the First New Hampshire
Volunteer Infantry, and served continuously
from April 20, 1861, until June of 1865. He
was soon transferred to the New Hampshire Sec-
ond, and was appointed lieutenant June 4, 1861,

promoted to the rank of captain January i, 1862,
and while in command of Company G, lost his
right arm at the battle of Williamsburg, May 5,
1862. As soon as his wound permitted he' re-
turned to the field, and September 11, 1862, was
promoted to the rank of major in the New
Hampshire Eleventh, as a reward for valorous
service in the field. At the battle of Fredericks-
burg he fought with distinguished gallantrv, and
won the admiration of his fellow soldiers and
commanders. With his regiment he went further
west and after the siege of Vicksburg went with
General Shennan to attack General Johnson at
Jackson, Miss. During the remainder of the war
he served principally on court marshal dutv, and
as judge advocate. For three years he supported
the cause of the Union with but one arm, and at
the battle of Fredericksburg he rode on the field
with the bridle rein between his teeth, and a saber
in his hand. His name is enrolled among the
greatest of the heroes of the Rebellion, and his
unfaltering courage in the face of danger served
as inspiration to many less stout of heart.

After the war Major Farr returned to his home
in New Hampshire and was admitted to the bar
in Grafton county, N. H., in 1867. He began
to practice in Littleton, and was thus emplo.ved,
when not holding political office, up to the time
of his death November 30, 1880. His many at-
tainments and capacity for public trust called
him to offices entailing large responsibility. He
was assessor of internal revenues from' July,
1871, to the abolition of the office in 1873, and
during that time his wife was his clerk. By ap-
pointment he served as collector of Grafton
county from 1873 until 1876, and in 1876 he was.
a member of the executive council of his state.'
In 1878 he was elected to the forty-sixth con-
gress, and re-elected to the same office in Novem-
ber of 1880, and at the time of his death was in
the direct road to the LTnited States senate. As
a politician he was true to the highest tenets
of the Republican party. He was modest in
his demeanor, but very successful as an attorney ;
and as the maker and keeper of friends had few
equals.

At the time of her husband's death Mrs. Farr
was left with the care of three children. Of these,
Mrs. Ida Farr Miller is the wife of Edwin C.
Miller, of the firm of Henry F. Miller & Sons,
piano manufacturers, of Boston, Mass. Mrs.
Miller is a prominent club woman of Wakefield,
Mass., and is the organizer of the Faneuil Hall
Chapter of the Daughters of the xVmerican Revo-
lution. Herbert A. Farr is a resident of Boston ;
and Edith May, a graduate of St. Mary's School
of Concord, N. H., died in Massachusetts at the
age of nineteen. Mrs. Farr opened a studio in
Boeton, Mass., three years after being thrown on
her own resources, and in 1887, at the opening of
the old Raymond Hotel, in Pasadena, established
her studio therein, and steadilv worked for five

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

winters. In 1895 she bought an old vineyard
upon which she built a studio and residence, the
former being of the old adobe mission style, one
room being reserved for Indian relics of South-
ern California. Recently she has removed to No.
243 South Fair Oaks avenue, to make way for
the new city park. So great a demand is there
for the pepper pictures of Mrs. Farr, that she is
obliged to consider them as of primary import-
ance in her work, and in fact her talent is lent
especially to the delineation of this interesting
and indigenous tree.

In a general way Mrs. Farr has impressed her
remarkable ability upon various phases of Pasa-
dena life. To enumerate her services in con-
nection with the city of her adoption is to touch
upon all that enlists the sympathy and interest of
women of the broadest culture and greatest
breadth of mind. She is the president and or-
ganizer of the Pasadena Business Woman's club ;
is an active worker in the Women's Relief
Corps ; a member of the Shakspere Club ; and of
the Eastern Star. As a writer she has contri-
buted articles for various publications. She is a
member of the Episcopal Church, and is a Repub-
lican in political affiliation.

LEVI VREDENBURGH. The superin-
tendent of the Puente Oil Company of Chino
was born at Croton Falls, Westchester county,
N. Y., in 1843, and was reared on the farm
owned by his father, Henry Vredenburgh. At
the opening of the Civil war he was a youth
of eighteen years, possessing all the love of ad-
venture and longing for soldier's life which is
characteristic of that age. Enlisting in Com-
pany A, Eighth United States Infantry, he was
sent to the front, where he remained for three
years, until his term of service expired. The
only unfortunate experience with which he met
was in the battle of Cedar mountain, 1862,
when a bullet entered his left knee, imbeddnig
itself so deeply that it was not extracted until
some years later.

The identification of Mr. Vredenburgh with
the oil industry began in 1865, when he went
to Oil City, Venango county, Pa., and learned
the business of oil-refining. Wisely he began at
the bottom and learned the work through all of
its grades and details. After three years he
went to Buffalo. N. Y., and from there was sent,
by an Oil City company, to manage and fit with
machinery a mine in Mohave county, Ariz. He
was glad to accept this position, as he hoped
that a change of climate might benefit his son,
who was in poor health. The Arizona company
not meeting with success, he came to California,
and soon afterward, in 1898, accepted a position
as superintendent of the Puente Oil Company
of Chino, which had been established three
years before. The careful and painstaking man-
ner in which he has filled this position proved

him to be the right man in the right place.
Many important additions have been made to
the plant under his supervision and at his sug-
gestion, and its large increase in business may
be attributed to his executive ability.

As is generally known, Chino was the first
town in this region to undertake the beet-sugar
manufacturing business, and it has been the cen-
tre of much important work along this line. The
sugar plant is furnished oil by the Puente Com-
pany, and the latter also supplies many other
plants, as well as furnishing hot oil for the roads
in this section of the county. The plant occupies
sixteen acres and has a capacity of one hundred
and fifty thousand barrels, daily, of crude oil,
besides manufacturing gasoline and refined oil.
The storage capacity is one hundred thousand
barrels. Tliere are six stills, all of which, to- '
gether with the condensers, are of iron. The
two boilers are of thirty and sixty horse-power
respectively, and are used in operating the
pumps that furnish oil for the pumping of the
water supply throughout tlie valley.

While giving his attention closely to busi-
ness, Mr. Vredenburgh finds time to keep
posted concerning matters of national impor-
tance, as well as those lesser affairs which have
to do with municipal work. In the Chino Bap-
tist Church he has served officially. While liv-
ing in Oil City he was active in the work of the
Masons and Odd Fellows. His first wife was
Annie Terwilliger, of Orange county, N. Y..
who died in 1877, at the age of thirty-one years.
Two children were born of that union, namely:
Elizabeth J., who died at twenty-five years of
age; and Irving I., M. D. Tlie present wife of
Mr. Vredenburgh was formerly Violet Hecka-
thorn, of Buffalo, N. Y.

ULYSSES E. WHITE. As justice of the
peace and notary public Mr. White is intimately
associated with the present progress and busi-
ness development of Pomona, among whose
early settlers is numbered his father, John J.
White. The latter was born in Bartholomew
county, Ind., February 17, 1843, a son of James
White, and grew to manhood upon a farm.
Selecting agriculture for his life work, he has
since followed the same, although of recent
years his interests have been more especially
along the line of horticulture. In 1871 he
moved from Indiana to Kansas, where he en-
dured the hardships incident to life in that then
undeveloped and sparsely settled state. Through
his painstaking industry he laid the foundation
of success. However, not feeling satisfied to
remain there permanently and hearing much
concerning the fine climate of Southern Cali-
fornia, he decided to bring his family hither.
On disposing of his Kansas property in 1881 he
settled in San Diego county, Cal., where he ex-
perimented in bee raising, besides carrying on

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

general farm pursuits. The results were less
gratifying than he had anticipated, and in Oc-
tober, 1883, he came to Pomona, where he still
makes his home. His first purchase here con-
sisted of five acres for which he paid $100 per
acre. The land was raw and unimproved, and
some experimenting was necessary in order to
prove to what products it was best adapted
He planted it in apricots, and while the trees
were getting a start he worked at various oc-
cupations, principally, however, in the grading
of roads.

A subsequent purchase made by Mr. White
comprised fifteen acres, ten of which had been
planted by A. L. Taylor, while the balance he
set out in deciduous fruits after the property
came into his possession. At this writing he
has eight acres in peaches, three in prunes and
the balance in apricots. It has been his aim to
raise only the best grades of fruits, and inferior
qualities have been rejected as unwise invest-
ments. The result of his care in the selection
of the best qualities and in the cultivation of the
trees is shown in the large yields he has se-
cured; for instance, in 1901 he dried one hun-
dred and five tons of apricots. Substantial
buildings enhance the value of the place, which,
if placed on the market, would probably bring
$300 an acre.

During the Civil war Mr. White served in
Company H, Thirty-second Indiana Infantry.
In religion he is of the Christadelphian faith.
While living in Howard county, Ind., he mar-
ried Lucy J. Long, who at the time of coming to
California was an invalid, but now enjoys excel-
lent health. They are the parents of five chil-
dren, namely: Ulysses E., Addison T., John D.,
A. Grace and Lawrence T. The oldest son was
bom in Howard county, Ind., in 1867, and was
a small child when his parents settled in Kansas.
His education, begun in district schools of that
state, was afterward carried on in the schools of
California. In 1889 he completed a course in
stenography at the Kimball Business College
of Chicago, after which he returned to Pomona
and became a stenographer in the office of the
late P. C. Tonner, subsequently filling a simi-
lar position with Attorney Bell. In 1807 lie was
appointed chief clerk of the senatorial judiciary
committee. To fill an unexpired term in the
office of justice of the peace, in 1897 the board
of supervisors appointed him to this position.
At the expiration of the term he was elected, as
the candidate of the Republican party, and has
since filled the position, in addition to which he
also serves as notary public. He is considered
an expert stenographer and has frequently
taught shorthand, adhering to the system ot
Takigraphy which students of various methods
believe to be one of the best that has been given
to the world. In matters fraternal he holds
membership in the Independent Order of Odd

937

Fellows and the Independent Order of Forest-
ers. By his marriage to Hattie H., daughter of
Francis Dexter, he has two children, Gerald B.
and George Dexter. Personally he possesses
the qualities which win and retain friends, and
in the city which has been his home since boy-
hood he is not only well known, but also highly
respected.

FREDERICK H. PAINE. The president
and general manager of the F. H. Paine Feed
and Fuel Company of Pomona is a native of the
far east, having been born near Bangor, Me.
When a child he accompanied his parents to
the central west and there grew to manhood
iipon a farm, afterward taking up agricultural
life near his old home. In young manhood he
married Miss Margaret Stephens, a native of
Wisconsin. Bom of their union were five chil-
dren: Warren A., who married Maude Latlin
and has a daughter, Pauline; Douglas, de-
ceased; Frederick, Hannah Hattie and Lilah.
For years Mr. Paine met with encouraging suc-
cess from a financial point of view, but, tiring
of the severe winters, he decided to spend his
remaining years in a milder climate. After vis-
itmg various points in Southern California he
chose Pomona for his permanent home, and in
1889 brought his family to the then small town.

Renting a business place on Thomas street,
between Second and Third, he began in the sale
of feed. At first his trade was small and profits
meagre, but as the population increased and his
rehabdity as a business man became known, he
was given a gratifying increase in trade. A fire
destroyed his building November 9, 1895, and
he then removed to the Hoop building on Sec-
ond street, where he remained for six years.
At present he occupies the Ruth block at No.
239 West Second street. For a time he was
associated with Mr. Latlin, later with Mr. Arm-
strong, next with Mr. Hunter, and then with
Mr. Lee, whom he bought out, and organized
the F. H. Paine Feed and Fuel Company in
1897. The stockholders, besides himself, are
J. T. Lyons, B. J. Tuttle, J. P. Starks, Robert
Graft and W A. Paine. In addition to a large
salesroom the company have built, on the cor-
ner of Rebecca and First streets, a warehouse
for the storage of hay, this building being
65x120 feet in dimensions. The success of the
business is due to the energy and executive abil-
ity of the manager, who possesses, indeed, more
than ordinary business insight and judgment.
Besides the management of this business he was
one of the organizers of the Citrus Irrigation
Company and has been intimatelv associated
with the same in its varied undertakings. He
is a member of the Fraternal Aid and in relig-
ious views adheres to the doctrines of the Uni-
versalist Church.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

GEORGE E. CLARK. It is said that Mr.
Clark, of Pomona, is the youngest man in the
entire state who conducts a blacksmith shop of
his own, he having succeeded to the busmess
on the death of his father in 1901. He was born
in Plymouth. Ohio, August 8, 1884, and is a
son of Frederick T. Clark. The latter, a native
of Paterson, N. J., accompanied his parents to
Plymouth, Ohio, and there learned the black-
smith's trade, after which he opened a shop
and also carried a line of carriage supplies. For
a number of vears he continued in the same
place, but in 1898 he disposed of his property
and removed to California, settling in Pomona
and entering into partnership w-ith Charles
Sears. Later he purchased his partner's inter-
est and afterward conducted the business alone
until his death, which occurred on October 9,
1901, at the age of forty-four years. In addition
to his shop he owned other property in Po-
mona, including a residence and various lots.

Music was the ruling passion of his life, and
had he received the education necessary to
develop his marked talent in this art he would
undoubtedly have achieved prominence as a mu-
sician. However, in spite of having no advan-
tages or musical education he acquired a thor-
ough knowledge of the violin_and many of his
l^appiest hours w'ere spent in playing choice
selections with his children, all of whom he took
great pride in training to a knowledge of the
art. He was twice married, his first wife being
Jennie L. Daniels, of Plymouth, Ohio, who died
at thirty-eight years of age, while his second
union was with Luella James. His children (all
born of his first marriage) are George E., who
is an expert in the use of the clarionet; Ethel
M., who has mastered the piano, guitar, man-
dolin and violin; Lloyd, whose specialty is the
violin; Bessie AI., whose favorite instruments
are the piano and harp; and Glenn R., the
youngest of the family and still a student.

Being the oldest in the family, George E.
Gark succeeded to his father's business and
has become the head of the family, assisting in
the building of the family residence and being
looked to by the others for advice and counsel.
He is a member of the Fraternal Brotherhood
and in religion believes in the Methodist Epis-
copal doctrines.

TIMOTHY LYMAN THRALL. On com-
ing to Pomona in 1886 Mr. Thrall rented a
small building and opened a feed store, which
he conducted about two years. His next en-
terprise was the purchase of teams and the tak-
ing of contracts to level the land for those who
had purchased property with a view to horti-
culture. The work was difficult, as in some
instances it cost $700 per acre to remove the
knolls and bring the land to a level. Fortu-
nately the soil being very deep was of equally as

good quality for citrus culture below as above,
and the leveling could thus be done without
detriment to the anticipated returns from the
soil. At a later date Mr. Thrall opened a liv-
ery, feed and boarding stable on the corner of
Second and Gordon streets, from which site,
in 1901, he removed to the substantial stables
on Main street. Here he carries a full equip-
ment of vehicles, single and double, and from
the possession of eight horses has increased his
holdings to fourteen fine roadsters. At one
time he owned an interest in a tally-ho. Be-
sides the management of his livery business he
owns and cultivates ten acres of oranges on East
Holt avenue in San Bernardino county. This
tract he set out in oranges nine years ago and
it is now in fine bearing condition.

In Delaware county, Ohio, Mr. Thrall was
born in 1837. He grew to manhood on a farm,
whence in 1861 he moved to Ogle county. III.
later going to Kendall county, where he farmed
for a year. His next location was in Joliet, 111.,
where he conducted a livery business, and later
carried on farm pursuits near that city. In
1861 he married Amanda Miller, a native of
Ohio. They became the parents of four chil-
dren, viz.: Clarence, who married Beatrice Hofif-
man and is now associated with his father in
business under the firm title of Thrall & Son;
Mrs. Carrie Clarkson, of Winfield, Kans.; Mrs.
Lulu Midgely, of Pomona; and jMiriam, a stu-
dent. The immediate cause of the family re-
moving to California was the ill health of Mrs.
Thrall, who suffered from asthma in Illinois,
but who has regained her health in the unsur-
passed climate of her present home.

ROBERT L. BELL. The life of Mr. Bell
is worthy of emulation from many standpoints,
and whether viewed as a contractor and builder,
as a soldier during the Civil war, or as a pio-
neer, he has been guided by an unswerving rec-
titude and a tireless industry. A native of
Kenosha county, Wis., he was bom on his
father's farm, twelve miles west of Racine, No-
vember 19, 1843, and was educated in the Dane
county public schools and Sun Prairie Acad-
emy. His father, Robert Carr Bell, was born
in Cleveland, Ohio, a son of Robert Lemuel
Bell, of Scotch-Irish descent, and the proprie-
tor of a large shoe manufacturing establish-
ment in Cleveland. In time the prosperous
shoe merchant lost his eyesight from overwork
and exposure and his declining days were spent
on a farm in Dane county. Wis., in almost total
blindness. Robert Carr Bell was a graduate
physician, and in early life settled at Waite's
Corners, Kenosha county, Wis., where he prac-
ticed medicine. Later he removed to Token
creek, Dane county, where he died in 1858, at
the age of thirty-eight years. His wife, Mary
Ann (Chapell) Bell, was born in New York

FREDERICK B. EMERY

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

state, a daughter of Daniel O. Chapell, a native
of the east, a blacksmith by trade, and an early
settler in Kenosha county. Wis. Mr. Chapell
later removed to Union, Rock county. Wis.,
and after\vards to Iowa, where he rounded out
bis life work. Mrs. Bell, who died in Iowa,
reared to usefulness the following children:
Robert L., of Los Angeles; Mary E., who died
at Limespring, Iowa; Mrs. Frances E. Bent,
of Redfield, S. D.; Frank Newton, who died
when comparatively young; and Frank Carr,
who lives in Los Angeles.

At the death of his father Robert L. Bell, who
was then fourteen years old, was obliged to
set forth to earn his own living, and engaged
in agricultural pursuits in Wisconsin. In i860
he was one of a party to start for Pike's Peak
with ox teams, their course being up the Platte
to Denver, Clear Creek, Black Hawk and
Gregory, at which latter place Mr. Bell engaged
in placer mining for three months. He then
went to Arapahoe, just below Golden City, on
Clear creek, and from there to a dairy ranch
near Denver. After a time he took his way to
Denver, where he worked at the mason's trade,
and in the spring of 1861 returned to Wisconsin
overland with his uncle, R. O. Chapell, whom
he met in Denver, Colo.

September 14, 1861, Mr. Bell volunteered in
Company G, First Wisconsin Cavalry. After
being drilled for some time, in the spring of
1862 the company went to Benton Barracks,
Mo., and then to Cape Girardeau, Mo. He par-
ticipated in many battles and skirmishes. In
the fall of 1863 he joined the army of the Cum-
berland, and remained until illness resulted in
his detention in a hospital at Louisville, Ky.
He was afterwards condemned for field duty,
and transferred to the One Plundred and Fifty-
Sixth United States A^eteran Reserve Corps,
which was divided into three subdivisions and
placed on the hospital boats, viz.: D. A., Jan-
uary, McDougal and Genevieve. Mr. Bell was
on the first-named as supply steward on the
lower Mississippi, Red River, etc., and cared for
the sick and wounded of the Banks expedition.
At the close of the war he was mustered out of
service February 17, 1865. In 1867 he came to
California via the Panama route, visiting first
San Francisco and then San Jose, where he be-
came interested in threshing, after which he
went to Carson City and Virginia City, Nev.,
and teamed and freighted. In time he returned
to California, and in 1869 journeyed to Eau
Clair£, Wis., where he completed his trade of
carpenter and builder. He removed to Chicago
m 1871, directly after the great fire. For a year
he worked at his trade, and then removed to
Minnesota and Dakota, and after 3 years again
settled in Eau Claire, where he married Cather-
ine Horan, of Canada.

In December of 1874 Mr. Bell came to San

Francisco, and the first of January settled in
l^os Angeles. He has since been engaged in
contracting and building, and assisted in com-
pleting the cathedral, besides erecting the Phil-
lips, Baker, Newmark, Spencer, Jerry Elich, and
Captain Thorn blocks, and dozens of others be-
sides. He has his office and residence at No.
908 East Third street. He owns a finely culti-
vated fruit ranch of one hundred and sixty acres
in San Bernardino county, and has twenty acres
in almonds, eighteen acres in French prunes,
and two acres in assorted fruits. Fraternally
he was associated with the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows at Eau Claire, Wis., and was
also made a Alason in that place. In national
politics he is a Repubhcan.

Mr. and Mrs. Bell have eight children, viz.:
Mrs. Viola Lemuel, Jr., who married Frances
Lightner and is connected with the Standard Oil
Company; Frank Newton, a clerk in the freight
department of the Santa Fe Railroad Company
at San Francisco; Nona, Maude Zitta, Evelyn
and Genevieve, who are living at home.

MRS. SARAH EARZILLA EMERY. One
of the prominent and popular factors in the busi-
ness and social life of Long Beach is Mrs. Sarah
Barzilla Emery, who came to California in 1873,
and has lived in this vicinity since 1887. A na-
tive of Pilot Knob, Mo., Mrs. Emery is a
daughter of James Sampson Dotson, who was
born in Virginia, and a granddaughter of an-
other James Sampson Dotson, the latter of whom
was born in Scotland, and emigrated to Virginia
many years ago. The grandfather was a planter
in the south and eventually removed to Missouri,
where his declining years were spent, and where
terminated his useful and meritorious life. The
father of Mrs. Emery was a blacksmith in ^lis-
souri, and afterwards directed his energies to the
cjittle business in Texas. He married Elizabeth
Goade, a native of Virginia, and daughter of
Booker Goade, who was of English descent, and
who died while conducting large farming inter-
ests in Missouri. Mrs. Dotson died in ^Missouri,
and during her life treasured a just pride of an-
cestry, for some of her relatives fought with
valor in the Revolutionary war, and all were
honorable and industrious acquisitions of their
time and place. There were but two children in
her family, one son and one daughter, of whom
Mrs. Emery is the oldest.

While living on the home farm in Missouri
Mrs. Emery attended the district schools, and
received that practical insight into life which has
been of so great benefit to her in later years. Her
first marriage occurred January i, 1861, and was
with Newton Williams, a native of Ohio, and .1
contract plasterer by trade. He was a man of
unquestioned patriotism, for at the first tap of
the drum he enlisted in the Thirteenth Missouri,
which regiment was consolidated with the

•)42

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Thirty-second Uliio reginiciit after the battle of
Shiloh. During his three jears of service he saw
much of the grim and terrible side of war, and
was twice wounded in the hip. He returned to
his home an invalid, and for thirteen months
-was ienderly nursed by his wife, who carried him
in her arms and won him back to a semblance of
his former strength. Nevertheless he continued
to suffer from the ravages of his awful experi-
ence, and died four and a half years after the
restoration of peace, in Pierce City, Mo.

In Leavenworth, Kans., in May of 1873, Mrs.
Williams married Frederick B. Emery, who was
born in New York state and reared in Maine, and
who in his earlier days was a farmer. When the
gold excitement of '49 swept over the land he
and some friends bought a boat in Boston and
sailed around the Horn to San Francisco, and
realized considerable success while mining for
four years in California and Oregon. The east,
however, still held its interests, but upon return-
ing to his former surroundings he did not long
stay in Maine, but removed to Illinois, from
wdiich state he went to Pike's Peak to again try
his luck at mining. He soon after returned to
Illinois, and in 1870 settled near Pierce City,
Mo., where he engaged in farming until his re-
moval to San Francisco in May, 1873. This was
directly after his marriage, and after remaining
a year in the coast city he settled in Los Angeles
and improved a ranch of forty acres, upon which
was a combined orchard, vineyard, and fanning
enterprise. He later bought one hundred and
sixty acres of land on the Rosecrans tract, and
after improving it and making it desirable prop-
erty advantageously sold it during the boom for
$100 per acre, the original price having been $25
per acre. In 1887 he bought eighty acres of land
three miles from Long Beach, upon which he
built two residences, and introduced all manner
of modern and up-to-date agricultural devices.
Orchards were set out and general fanning car-
ried on in a highly successful manner, and at the
expiration of seven and a half years Mr. Emery
moved into Long Beach, and built the home in
which his widow now resides, and where his
death occurred August 9, 1896, at the age of
seventy-two years. He was a Republican in na-
tional politics, and was a member of the Baptist
Church. He w-as a remarkably successful busi-
ness man and agriculturist, and was especially
interested in the raising of fine standard bred
horses. His stables contained some notably fine
examples of horse flesh, including Silver Heels
and Whalelx>ne, and Echo Prince, the latter hav-
ing a record of 2:15. From time to time valu-
able real estate holdings came into his posses-
sion, and he owned lands at Glendale and other
towns, and he also bought and sold lands in Los
Angeles. He enjoyed an enviable reputation for
honesty and fair dealing, and made many friends
wherever his interests happened to be placed.

Since the death of her husband .Mrs. Emery
has attended to his interests with conscientious
care, and has developed business tact and in-
vesting sagacity. She still owns the ranch near
Long Beach, and has bought and sold property
in a most successful manner. In spite of the
many responsibilities which have crowded her
years she has been a devoted mother, and reared
her children to be useful men and women.
Through his first marriage there were three chil-
dren: Arlena, who died in 1901 ; Evaline, who
is now the wife of Thomas Weller, of Los An-
geles; and Frank, who lives in San Diego. To
Mr. and Mrs. Emer)- were born four children,
William, Mabel E., Nahum E., and Sadie E.

WILLIAM B. JULIAN. As the city clerk
of Long Beach, Mr. Julian is a representative
of that class of young men who are identified
w-ith municipal affairs in Southern California
and who are aiding in placing our cities upon
a substantial business basis. His election, in
April, 1900, gave him the position with a fair
majority over two opponents, and he imme-
diately entered upon the duties of his term of
two years. The incumbency of this position
confers upon him other duties and privileges,
among them the positions of ex-officio city
assessor and ex-officio clerk of the board of
trustees, and in addition he acts as deputy tax
collector.

The Julian family is of southern descent.
Bailey F. Julian, a native of Rutherford county,
N. C, became a planter in Forsythe county,
Ga. His son, M. S., was born in the last-named
county July 14, 1839, and in 1859 went to Pike's
Peak, traveling with a mule train from Leaven-
worth, Kans., and spending eighteen months
in the famous mining fields of Russell's Gulch,
Lost Cannon and Twin Lakes. In the fall of
i860 he returned to Georgia, expecting to enter
school, but the war fever was at its height, and
with the loyalty of a true southerner he es-
poused the cause of the Confederacy. As a
first orderly he enlisted and served in the Sec-
ond North Carolina Battalion, and later re-
ceived promotion to the rank of captain. At
Gettysburg he w-as slightly wounded and fell
into the hands of the enemy, by whom he was
confined for two years in prisons at Forts Dela-
ware and Lookout. After the fall of the Con-
federacy he turned his attention to farming in
Georgia. In 1868 he came via Panama to San
Francisco and for a time mined in Nevada.
Going to San Diego in 1869, he became a pros-
pector and located the first gold mine in the
district, which was named Julian in his honor.
A postofficc was also so named for him. After
three years in mining he served one term as
assessor of San Diego county. In 1873 he set-
tled on a ranch near Downey, but soon opened a
mercantile store in that town, which he con-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

943

ducted for years. In 1897 he opened tht Julian
Hotel at Long Beach and this he conducted
until 1900, when he sold out. Later he built the
Colonial on Cedar street, of which he is now
proprietor.

The marriage of M. S. Julian united him with
Maggie S. Skidmore, who was born near Waco,
Tex. Her father, William Skidmore, a native of
Alabama, and a soldier of the Indian wars, be-
came a pioneer of Texas, where he engaged in
farming and wagon-making. Accompanied by
his family, in 1869 he crossed the plains to Cali-
fornia, arriving in San Diego three months after
leaving his Texas home. Besides managing a
farm which he bought, he engaged in mining
and was the discoverer of the celebrated Stone-
wall (better known as Waterman) mine in Cu-
3'amaca valley. From San Diego county he
removed to Downey and bought a farm there,
which he operated, in addition to carrying on
a large freighting business between Wilming-
ton and Kern and Inyo counties. He was acci-
dentally killed by a runaway team. The three
children of M. S. and Maggie S. Julian are Wil-
liam B., of Long Beach; Raymond S., who is
telegraph operator for the Southern Pacific road
at San Bernardino; and Edward, a student in
Los Angeles Normal School. The eldest of
these sons was born near Downey December
15, 1873, and received his early education in the
local public schools. After graduating from the
Woodbury Business College in 1894 he became
bookkeeper for Stern Brothers at Anaheim,
remaining with them until 1897. Afterward he
assisted his father in the Julian Hotel at Long-
Beach until his election as city clerk. Frater-
nally he is connected with the Woodmen of the
World at Long Beach; Long Beach Lodge No.
210, K. of P.; Company No. 44, U. R. K. of P.,
in which he has the rank of recorder; Rath-
bone Sisters, Invincible Parlor No. 74, Native
Sons of the Golden West at Anaheim, in which
he was formerly recording secretary, and which
in 1898 he represented in the grand lodge at
Nevada City, Cal.

L. A. PERCE, M. D. Remotely of French
lineage, the Perce family has been connected
with American history ever since the colonial
period. John Perce, who was born in Vermont
July 15, 1784, took part in the war of 1812, and
afterward was identified with the early history
of Circleviile, Ohio. In that city was born
November 9, 1817, a son, William, 'by his mar-
riage to Elizabeth Ballard, whose birth occurred
in .Albemarle county, Va., April 16. 1785, and
who was of Scotch extraction. This son re-
moved from Ohio to Illinois during the early
■40s and settled in the then village of Spring-
field. From that time forward he was one of
the conspicuous figures in the political life of

the town and county. I'\jr two terms he served
as sheriff of Sangamon county, and at the same
time Abraham Lincoln was prosecuting attor-
ney, the two occupying the same office. Tims
was formed an acquaintance which ripened into
warm friendship and continued uninterruptedly
until the tragic death of President Lincoln.
Other offices fell to the lot of William Perce,
among them being that of chief of police of
Springfield. At the opening of the Civil war,
with the ardor of a true patriot and the con-
stancy of a true friend, he answered Lincoln's
call for volunteers. The Illinois quota being
full, he enlisted in the Eleventh Missouri Infan""-
try and was commissioned first lieutenant of
Company C, where he served for three months.
His re-enlistment made him a member of Com-
pany B, Seventieth Illinois Infantry, his term
to expire in three years. However, a severe
wound in battle caused his honorable discharge
one_ year after his enlistment. Returning to
Springfield, he was for some years engaged in
the mercantile business, and later operated a
farm in the southern part of Sangamon county.
In 1874 he removed to Russell, Kans., where
he conducted mercantile pursuits. His death
occurred there in 1892. In fraternal" relations
he was a Mason and in religion a member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church. From the
time of the organization of the Republican party
(in which he bore a part) until his death he was
a champion of its principles, and one of the
most thrilling recollections of his later years was
of the Republican convention in the' Chicago
wigAvam where Lincoln was nominated for
president. Under President Grant he received
an appointment as deputy United States mar-
shal for the southern district of Illinois, which
office he filled for some years. .As already stated,
one of his stanch friends was Abraham Lincoln,
and there is now in the possession of Dr. Perce
a mounted cane which Lincoln presented to
William Perce when the latter was chief of
police. Among his other warm friends were
"Dick" Yates, Oglesby and Madison. In phy-
sique he was stalwart and robust, with a large
frame and great powers of endurance; his mind
and heart were fashioned on the same gener-
ous proportions as his body, and he was in
every respect "a man among men." The legacv
of an honorable life which he has left to his fam'-
ily is one of which they may well be proud.

The wife of William' Perce was Roxanna \'it-
lum, who W'-as born in Huron countv, Ohio,
.August 12, 1821, and died at Russell, Kans.!
February 6, 1899. Of their marriage were born
two sons and six daughters, namely: Mrs.
Mary Hall, of Sangamon countv. 111.; josie M.,
who died in childhood; Elizabe'th (Mrs. Shaw),
who died at Russell, Kans., in 1878; William, a
merchant of Carbondale, 111.; Roxanna M., who
died at the age of two and one-half years ; L. A.,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

a physician of Long Beach, Cal.; Mrs. Clara
Dollison, of Russell, Kans.; and Angeline, who
died in childhood. The younger of the two
sons was born in Springfield, 111., March 8,
1854, when his father was serving as sheriff. He
attended the grammar and high schools and
Springfield College, after which he took up the
study of medicine under Dr. S. L. Reefy, of
Edin'burg, 111. In 1873 he entered the Eclectic
Medical Institute of Cincinnati, Ohio, where he
took the full course of four years, and then en-
gaged in practice at Russell, Kans., for six
vears. Returning to Ohio, he was graduated
trom the Eclectic College of Cincinnati in 1882
with the remarakble standing of ninety-seven
and thirteen-sixteenths per cent. Afterward he
practiced in Forest, Ohio, and from 1887 to
1898 was one of the leading physicians of Bucy-
rus, that state.

Hoping that a change of climate might prove
beneficial to his wife. Dr. Perce came to Cali-
fornia in 1898 and spent a few months in Pasa-
dena. March 15, 1899, he came to Long Beach,
where he now has his office in the Long Beach
Bank building, and makes a specialty of surgery
and the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear,
nose and- throat. It has always been his ambi-
tion to keep abreast with every development in
the science of medicine, and with this end in
view he took lectures each winter for years in
the Eclectic Medical Institute and the Cincin-
nati hospitals. At this writing he is serving his
second term as president of the Southern Cali-
fornia Eclectic Medical Society, is also con-
nected with the state association, and an hon-
orary member of the Ohio State Eclectic Medi-
cal Society, and a member of the Roentgen So-
ciety of the United States. Eor some years he
was a member of the pension board in Kansas,
and he is now a member of the California state
board of medical examiners.

In Russell, Kans., Dr. Perce married Sarah
.•\. B. Miles, a third cousin of General Miles,
U. S. A. She was born in Platte county Mo.,
and educated there. Her father, Manoah Miles,
a Kentuckian, removed to Missouri on account
of his anti-slavery sentiments, and during the
Civil war he and four sons served in the Fed-
eral army. Afterward he settled in Russell,
Kans., where he died. Dr. and Mrs. Perce have
an adopted son, Gcrmaine B. Perce.

During his residence in Ohio Dr. Perce was
for years secretary of the county Republican
executive committee, and he is now president of
the Republican club of Long Beach. He was
made a Mason in Long Beach Lodge No. 327,
F. & A. M. In the Kiiights of Pythias he has
been chancellor and is connected with the Uni-
form Rank. The Independent Order of Odd
I'ellows, Fraternal Aid, Woodmen of the
World, Rathbone Sisters, Modern Woodmen of
America and Daughters of America number

him among their members, and he is examiner
for the majority of these. In the Sons of Veter-
ans he acts as division surgeon. For some years
he was district commander of the twelfth dis-
trict of Ohio for the Maccabees and connected
with the Tribe of Ben Hur. He is past state
counselor of Ohio for the Junior Order United
American Mechanics, and is still connected with
the same. Religiously he is identified with the
Methodist Episcopal Church and a member of
its official board.

GEORGE F. HIRSCFI. As long ago as
March of 1885 George F. Hirsch, the present
postmaster of Long Beach, cast his fortunes
with the then small village, and since that time,
with the exception of a few years spent in dif-
ferent parts of the state, has been an interested
spectator of its growth, and a practical aid in
its best development. In all respects a self-made
man, he chose for his means of livelihood an
occupation famed in song and story, and which
is none other than that of the busy and ever
popular blacksmith. His thorough mastery of
every department of his business has opened
various avenues of interest in different parts of
the country, for as a master workman he has
few equals, and no superiors.

A native of St. Louis, Mo., Mr. Hirsch was
born July 31, 1861, his father, George, being a
native of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany. The
elder Hirsch came to America when a compara-
tively young man and located in St. Louis,
where he worked at his trade of blacksmith.
During the Civil war he went to the front as
a soldier in Company E, Fortieth Missouri Vol-
unteer Infantry, and served as long as there was
need of men of valor and courage. After the
war he removed to Jefferson City and indus-
triously plied his trade, and about 1S70 settled
in Boonville, where he is still engaged in busi-
ness. He is a member of the Lutheran Church,
and is a Republican in national politics. His
wife, formerly Marj' N. Beyers, was born in
Alsace-Lorraine, Germany, but then France, al-
though she is of German descent. She is the
mother of four sons and three daughters,
George F. being the oldest son and the second
oldest child, and the only member of the family
in California. He was reared in Jefferson City
and at Boonville, in both of which towns he
attended the public schools, at the same time
acquiring an early knowledge of his father's
trade. When fourteen years of age he followed
the precedent in European countries and ap-
prenticed to a smith in St. Louis, and after com-
pleting the trade rejoined his father, with
whom he remained for a few years. In 1878 he
yielded to the temptation to try his liand at
mining and joined a company bent across the
plains with eleven wagons, and bound for the

%ZtiL^7/^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

947

Black Hills. At the expiration of four years
he had decided that the life of the miner was
not entirely suited to his inclinations, and there-
fore returned to his father and stayed for four
years. Nevertheless, a lingering fondness for
the west still visited his waking hours, and in
1882 he removed to Colorado and later to Al-
buquerque, N. M., where he applied his trade
for the Santa Fe Railroad Company. He then
came on west to Arizona and then to California
and Los Angeles, after which he went to Chino
and worked for Dick Gird for a couple of
months. Upon returning to Los Angeles he
was employed by F. K. Dowler and helped to
build the old number 7 glass front street cars.
He then removed to Compton and started
up a blacksmith business in November of 1884,
and after running for a few months was em-
ployed by Flenry Carson at Compton. In March
of 1885 he came to Long Beach, which was then
but a straggling village, intending to take a
rest and see the country. However, he soon
found himself at work again, and was associated
with the Long Beach Land and Water Com-
pany until October of 1885. He then helped to
build the old pier at this place, and in 1886 re-
moved to Wilmington and worked at his trade
for Banning Brothers, or the Wilmington
Transportation Company for eighteen months.
He then returned to Long Beach and afterwards
went to Los Angeles and assumed charge of
the shoeing shop of the Main Street Car Com-
pany. After his marriage in July of 1888 he
returned to Long Beach and for a year was in
the mercantile business with his father-in-law,
W. S. Snell, and then went to Clearwater and
engaged in ranching for a couple of years.
.Although successful, he decided to return to
Long Beach, and opened a blacksmith business
of his own on First street. This business was
most enthusiastically prosecuted from 1890
until January of 1899, when the blacksmith in-
terests were disposed of.

The commodious and typical Southern Cali-
fornia residence built by Mr. Hirsch is presided
over by his wife, who was formerly Addie M.
Snell, a native of Franklin Grove, 111. Of this
union there are two children. Ruby and Robert.
February 14. 1899, Mr. Hirsch was appointed
postmaster of Long Beach by President Mc-
Kinley, and assumed charge of the responsibil-
ity March 31, 1899. In March of 1901 he trans-
ferred the business of Uncle Sam into the
new building, where he is continuing to give
tlie perfect satisfaction which has characterized
liis entire service. Mr. Hirsch is one of the
most progressive and wide-awake citizens 01
the place, and is identified with many efiforts to
improve the condition of his adopted town.
Fraternally he is a member of the Long Beach
Lodge of Masons No. ti^zj. of the Maccabees,
of which he is past commander, and witli the

H. W. Lawton Camp No. 10, Sons of Veter-
ans/ of which he is sergeant. He is a Repub-
lican in national politics, antl is a member of
the central committee. His wife is a member
of the Eastern Star, of the Ladies of the Mac-
cabees, and of the Woman's Relief Corps. Mr.
Hirsch enjoys a deserved popularity in this
community, and he is one of the substantial and
progressive citizens of the place.

AIRS. NETTIE E. HAMMOND, M. D. The
interminable vistas beyond the portals of medical
science are today trodden so fearlessly, so intelli-
gently, and so absorbingly by women' who desire
to aid their sex and tune their lives to infinite
possibility that the combination of vast erudition
and the eternally feminine has become an integral
part of our civilization, and an appreciated influ-
ence at our firesides and in our institutions.
Nevertheless, in spite of the natural advantages
of finer intuitions and more ready sympathies,
the successful practice of women implies special
gifts and aptitudes as well as ambitious inclina-
tions, a truth forcibly illustrated in the career of
Dr. Nettie E. Hammond, one of the fc^remost
ameliorators of the physical woes of Los Angeles.

In her craving- for the broader and better and
unselfish things of life. Dr. Hammond is a dis-
tinct example of the influence of heredity. Of
sterling English and Gennan ancestry, she was
born in Muncie, Ind., a daughter of John and
Mary (Koch) Minton, natives respectively of
Akron, Ohio, and Lancaster county. Pa. The
])aternal great-grandfather, Rev. John Minton,
was born in England, and upon immigrating to
the United States settled in Ohio, where he
preached the gospel from the pulpits of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. His son, the pa-
ternal grandfather, another John Minton. fol-
lowed closely in the footsteps of his sire, and
was no less earnest and faithful as a preacher
and humanitarian. In the disinterested goodness
of their lives, father and son were allied with
the old-time circuit preachers, who, in all man-
ner of weather, and over roads at times almost
impassable, rode many miles to distant charges,
and in return for their ministrations received no
more substantial remuneration than the con-
sciousness of well-doing. The third Jojni in the
family, the father of Dr. Hammond,' was a pio-
neer of the vicinity of Muncie, Ind., where he
had a good farm, upon which gas was unex-
pectedly developed. Although not an ordained
minister, he also diligently worked for the im-
provement and comfort of mankind, and as a
missionary in the Methodist Church accom-
plished his desire to spread the gospel of kindli-
ness and good-will, h'or twenty-five years he
was a class leader in the church. He was a
stanch Republican, but never entered the arena
of political preferment. Through hjs m:irri;igc

948

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

he became allied with the Koch family of
Pennsylvania, well known in the state because
of the' successful career of the paternal grand-
father, who was born in Germany, and turned
his national characteristics of thrift and enter-
prise to good account after immigrating to
Pennsylvania. He became a man of large means
bv reason of his industry and well applied
abilities, and was a large landowner and influen-
tial citizen. Mrs. ]\Iinton, who died in Indiana
at an early day, was survived by her husband
until 1900. She was the mother of eight chil-
dren, seven of whom are living, Mrs. Hammond
being the fifth.

Dr. Hammond was partially reared in Indiana,
and graduated from the high school of Yellow
Springs, Ohio, when sixteen years of age. In
1881 she removed to Lindsborg, ^McPherson
county, Kans., and taught school for a year, later
being elected principal of schools of the town, a
position maintained with credit for four_ years.
While living in the Kansas town she married Dr.
Curtis, with whom she removed to New York,
and there took a course of two years at the
Woman's Aledical College. The doctor there-
after located in Colorado, where, in the short
space of a year, he died in his new surroundings.
Mrs. Curtis then renewed her association with
Kansas, and upon settling in Pratt Center was
elected clerk of Pratt county, and served in this
official capacity for two years. After removing
from Kansas to Denver, Colo., she married A. J.
Hammond, a native of Lapeer county, Mich.,
and who has spent his active life in the busy
walks of commerce.

In 1894 the Hammond family came to Los
Angeles and Mrs. Hammond entered the medi-
cal department of the University of California,
from which she was graduated in the class of
1896. This research was supplemented by a
post-graduate course of six months in New York
City, after which she came west to San Fran-
cisco and was appointed resident physician at the
Maternity Hospital. Six months later she en-
tered upon a medical practice in Los Angeles,
and in 1898 appreciably added to her professional
knowledge by study in various parts of Europe,
two months being spent in the clinics at Berlin,
nine months at Vienna in the Algemine Kran-
kenhaus, where she made a specialty of diseases
of women, and afterwards traveled extensively
over Switzerland and France. In 1900 Dr. Ham-
mond again returned to her native land, and has
since practiced in Los Angeles, where she is ac-
counted one of the most successful in the city in
her specialty. The office of Dr. Hammond is
located in the Homer Laughlin building, and
added to a large general practice she is examin-
ing physician for various fraternal organizations.
She is fraternallv associated with the Maccabees,
the Fraternal Tribunes, and the i'ratcrnal Cnion
of America.

T. C. DONNELL, ^L D. During the colo-
nial period of American history five brothers of
the clan of Donnell came from Scotland and
settled in Virginia. Later generations removed
to Kentucky, where Dr. Donnell's great-grand-
father was a noted Indian scout. The grand-
father, Robert Donnell, was born in Kentucky
and engaged in farming there until 1821, when
he removed to the vicinity of Greensburg, Ind.
At that time the father. Dr. John H. Donnell,
was a child of three years, and hence his earliest
recollections were of the Hoosier state. For a
half century he engaged in the practice of medi-
cine in Franklin, where he died about 1896.
During much of his active life he was a con-
tributor to the press, these articles receiving
his attention during the infrequent leisure of a
busy professional life. Fraternally he was con-
nected with the Odd Fellows. He married
Elizabeth Herriott, who in childhood accom-
panied her father, Ephraim, from Pennsylvania
to Franklin, Ind. The latter was a pioneer mer-
chant of Franklin, but after some years removed
to Topeka, Kans., near where he had a farm
and engaged in stock raising. Mrs. Donnell
died in Indiana. Of her five children who
attained maturity only two are livmg. The
older of these, T. C, was born in Franklin,
Ind., December 8, 1853, and received his edu-
cation in the local common schools and Frank-
lin Baptist College. When almost through his
college course he left in order to take up the
study of medicine under his father and Dr.
Theophilus Parvin. Later he matriculated in
the Medical College of Indiana at Indianapolis,
from which he graduated in 1877 as valedicto-
rian of his class.

From the time of his graduation until his
removal to California in June, 1899, Dr. Don-
nell was a practicing physician of Franklin,
where he stood at the head of his profession.
His studies had fitted him for a successful
career. While in college he had held a position
as assistant demonstrator of anatomy under Dr.
Eastman, since an eminent surgeon, to whose
influence he owes much. His skill brought him
into prominence among his professional cola-
borers, and his position in the fraternity was
high. An evidence of his standing is shown in
the fact that, without solicitation on his part,
he received the appointment as surgeon for the
Louisville division _ of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road Company, in which capacity he continued
for eighteen years, resigning on his removal
from the state. For many years he has been
connected with the International Association of
Railway Surgeons, many of whose conventions
he has attended. Under both Republican and
Democratic administrations for nine years he
was a member of the board of pension exam-
iners, and at the expiration of that period he
was appointed jiensii-jn examiner fur the s(iuth-

09 fd (n^^tavl

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

949

ern half of Indiana in diseases of the nose,
throat, eye, ear and chest, resigning this posi-
tion when he removed to Cahfornia. He was
also for years a member of the board of health.
Both in the Johnson County and the Indiana
State jNIedical Associations he was long an
active worker. In order to keep in touch with
the constant advancement made in therapeutics
and to fit himself for ever-increasing usefulness
in the profession, he frequently availed himself
of opportunities for post-graduate work and
took special courses in the Medical University
of Louisville, the Miami and Ohio Medical Col-
leges, the Ellsburg Post-Graduate School in
Cincinnati, and the Post-Graduate College of
New York City. In these various institutions
he devoted himself specially to the study of dis-
eases of the eye, ear, nose, throat and chest, to
which his practice has been largely confined of
recent years. On coming to California he re-
mained in Los Angeles for a few months, and in
June, 1900, came to Long Beach, where he now
has a fine office suite in the Stafford block on
Pine street.

The marriage of Dr. Donnell in Bloomfiekl,
Ind., united him with Addie Huff, who was born
in Washington county, that state, and received
her education in Earlham College. Both are
connected with the Presbyterian Church. In
politics Dr. Donnell is a strong and active Re-
publican. He was made a Mason in Franklin
Lodge No. 107, A. F. & A. M., and was raised
to the charter and commandery in the same
town, besides which he joined the Elks at
Shelbyville, Ind. His college life was marked
by activity in the Phi Delta Theta, and for three
years he was president of the Alpha Alumni of
the state of Indiana, continuing to hold the
position for one year after he came to California.

GEN. EDWARD BOUTON. In his early
youth Edward Bouton attended a country school
at Goff's Mills, Howard township, and subse-
quently studied at Rodgersville Academy and
Haverling Union School in Bath, N. Y. At the
age of nineteen he entered a store at Bath, of
which two years later he became part proprietor,
and sole proprietor at the age of twenty-three.
By this time the business had become extended,
and he shipped large quantities of grain, wool,
lirovisions and produce, on the Erie Railway,
jiavingpurchasing agents at nearly every station.
In 1859 he relinquished his Bath connection and
engaged in an even more lucrative business at
Chicago, 111., as grain commission merchant,
with vessel property on the lakes. When the
Civil war broke out he sold his business and.
chiefly at his own expense, raised a battery which
throughout the war was familiarly known a>
Bouton's battery, its official designation beiiu;
Battery I, First Regiment, Illinois Light .\riil-
Icrv. At the time General Rnutdn organized hi^

famous battery, it was costing the state of Illi-
nois $154 per capita to recruit, transport and
maintain troops previous to being mustered into
the United States service. Bouton's Battery cost
the state only $13.20 per capita, the balance of the
expense being paid out of the private purse of
General Bouton. He gained promotion to the
rank of brigadier-general and participated with
honor in the battle of Shiloh and some forty
other engagements and many skirmishes and in
various expeditions in west Tennessee, northern
Mississippi, Alabama and .\rkansas. At the
close of the war the command was offered to
General Bouton of a corps of twenty thousand
veterans to be organized to serve as volunteers
in the Mexican war with France and a colonelcy
in the regular anny was also pressed upon him
in the most flattering terms, by Generals Grant
and Sherman, but preferring to retire to civil
life, he declined both of these, and in 1868 re-
moved to California, and purchasing the San
Jacinto ranch, ninety miles east of Los Angeles,
engaged extensively in sheep raising. Since
1882 he has also been interested in real estate
speculations.

January 20, 1859, General Bouton married
Miss Margaret Fox, who was born in Avoca, X.
Y., and died in Cahfornia August 14, 1891. He
was a second time married, at San Diego, Cal.,
March 22, 1894, his wife being Elsa Johnson,
granddaughter of Count Hogfaldt, of Sweden,
and a third cousin of Princess Dagmar. One
child, a boy, has been born to them.

WILLIAM SCHILLING. Tlie genealogy
of the Schilling family is traced back eight hun-
dred years to the nobility of Germany, where
the von Schillings owned a castle at Carlsruhe,
the capital of the grand duchy of Baden. Tlience
one of the name, who had been a lieutenant in
the German army, emigrated to .\merica, but
after a time returned to Europe and settled in
London, England, there founding an academy
and becoming its head. One of his daughters,
Philippena, was a maid of honor to the queen
of Prussia, and her sister married a general in
the German army. Among his other children
was a son, James, a native of London, England,
and in early manhood a merchant of that citv,
but after 1849 a resident of the United States
and a farmer of Greenbrier countv. W. \'a..
where he died at seventy-two years of age. Dur-
ing his residence in his 'native' land he had been
identified with the Church of England, but after
coming to America he became identified with
the Methodist Episcopal Church. He married
Louisa Morgan, who was born in. Litchfield,
England, of an old English family, and died in
Los Angeles in 1897 when eighty-seven vears
nf age. Ten children were born of their union,
l)ut only two are living, viz: William, of Long
I'.cach, Crtl. and Mrs. Arthur Benton, of Los

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

950

\ngeles. One of the sons, Alfred, who died in
Bennington, Kans., was a soldier in the Civil
war, serving in the same regiment with his
brother William.

The primary education of William hchilhng
xvas obtained in private schools in London,
En"-land, where he was born November 7, 1835.
When thirteen years of age he accompanied the
family to the United States and afterward stud-
ied in private schools in West Mrginia. At
the opening of the Civil war he volunteered in
a local company, which was afterward turned
over to the Confederacy by the governor and
assigned to the Twenty-seventh \'irginia Infan-
trv, the "Stonewall" regiment. Being opposed
to' slaverv, he refused a commission in the Con-
federate service, but was obliged with his com-
pany (two-thirds of whom were Unionists in
sentiment) to support the southern flag. He
was in the first battle of Bull Run, and at Kerns-
town he was taken prisoner with three hundred
others and sent to Pea Patch Island, Fort Dela-
ware, where he was confined for three months.
By a curious coincidence, while there he formed
the acquaintance of a cousin, Franz von Schil-
ling, who had come from Germany to get active
service in the Civil war and was in command of
a battery at Fort Delaware. Through the assist-
ance of his cousin explanations were made to
the war department and he was given a pass to
his home. Immediately after his return, in
]\Iarch, 1862, he accompanied the family to Har-
risonville, Ohio, but did not remain there long.
For a short time he served on a gunboat at
Pittsburg, after which he was superintendent
of the Rathbone oil tract in West Virginia, and
then, for several years, acted as superintendent
of the Longmoor Oil Company at \'olcano, W.
Va. In the latter town he also conducted a mer-
cantile business. During 1877 he settled at
White City,twenty miles south of Junction City,
Kans., where he opened a general store. Next,
going to Herrington, he started the first large
t-tore in the town and built up a good business,
which is now conducted by his son Charles.

During 1888 Mr. Schilling came to Califor-
nia and settled at Hueneme, \'entura county.
His first investment was the purchase of one-
half interest in San Miguel Island, where he
engaged in raising sheep and cattle. Next he
made his home at Santa Barbara, and from
there came to Long Beach, where he has since
made his home. On coming here he bought a
five-acre ranch and in 1891 opened a general
store, which lie still conducts on Pine street.
This is not only the oldest business in Long
Reach, but is also the largest of its kind here.
Since 1898 the firm has been William Schilling
& Sons, the latter being William H. and Sid-
ney. He assisted in organizing the First Na-
tional Bank of Long Beach, has served as a
member of the citv council, and is a stanch

Republican. In \'olcano, W. Va., he was made
a Mason, and is a charter member of Long
Beach Lodge, also is connected with the An-
cient Order of United Workmen. For ten years
he was superintendent of the ^lethodist Episco-
pal Sunday School, served on the building
committee during the erection of the house of
worship, and now officiates as a steward.

The first marriage of Mr. Schilling united him
with Miss Elizabeth Deitz, who was born in
West Mrginia and died in White City, Kans.
The children of this union are named as fol-
lows: Mrs. Louisa Loback, of Salt Lake City,
Utah; Charles, of Herrington, Kans.; James, a
traveling salesman, residing in Oakland, Cal. ;
]\Iinnie, who died in White City, Kans.; Mrs.
Ida Cummings, of Alonte Vista, Colo.; Mrs.
Hattie Kohler, of Herrington, Kans.; Sophia,
who died in Ohio; William H. and Sidney
(twins), who are partners of their father; Fred-
erick, a grocer of Long Beach. The present
wife of Mr. Schilling was Olive V. Lower, who
was born in Missouri and reared in White City,
Ivans. They have eight children, namely:
Eleanor, Flora, Cecil, Arthur, Mary, Ruth.
Ernest and Harold.

J. VINCENT FIANNON. While the period
of Mr. Hannon's residence in Pomona has not
been of long duration, he nevertheless has
many acquaintances in this portion of Los An-
geles county and is well known among his as-
sociates in the law. This is due in part to the
fact of his previous residence in the city of Los
Angeles, where he came in contact with almost
all of the practitioners in the local courts. It
is said by those who are familiar with the char-
acter of his professional work that in the line
of corporation law his knowledge is especially
varied and comprehensive and his success indic-
ative of his thorough training and practical ex-
perience.

At San Jose, Cal., Mr. Hannon was born in
1869, being a son of J. C. Hannon, a native of
London, England, but a resident of California
from early life. In his native town of San Jose
he was given excellent educational advantages,
and on the conclusion of his literary studies he
turned his attention to the law. It was his
privilege to study under the preceptorship of
the late Senator White, to whose thorough pro-
fessional knowledge and supervision he owes
not a little. On his admission to the bar in
.1892 he remained with the senator, but left a
year later to accept an appointment as assist-
ant United States attorney under Hon. George
Denis. For some time lie continued in that
capacity, but finally resigned in order to devote
himself to private practice.

September of 1899 found Mr. Hannon in Po-
mona, where he formed a partnership with that
able attorney, P. C. Tonncr, under the firm title

'^^r6^<yi.^F^^C^:rJ\_

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

953

of Tonner and Hannon. The association con-
linued until the death of Mr. Tonner in Feb-
ruar}', 1900, since which time Mr. Hannon has
been alone. By the purchase of his former
partner's law library, he has become the pos-
sessor of a collection of law books unsurpassed,
as to quality, in this part of the state. In the
state and federal courts he has conducted a
number of important suits, and has the credit
of having won the highest damages ($10,000)
ever secured here in a case against the South-
ern Pacific Railroad. His attention is given
closely to the details connected with his prac-
tice and the oversight of his property interests.
Mr. Hannon married Miss Flynn of Illinois,
who died leaving three children, Etta, Jeremiah
and Zetta.

A. B. ROTH ROCK. The opportunities for
contract grading in Long Beach have been util-
ized to no small extent by A. B. Rothrock,
under whose capable super^-ision many of the
finest roadways from the ocean inland have been
transformed into shining white thoroughfares
which are the special pride and pleasure of the
multitudes who visit, and those who live in this
delightful sea swept town. Linden avenue,
from the ocean to Tenth street, and Atlantic
avenue, from the Anaheim road to the ocean, as
well as Fifth street, are examples of what may
be accomplished by one who thoroughly under-
stands the making of roads. General contract-
ing also, including excavating and heavy haul-
ing, are part of the work which Mr. Rothrock
carried to a successful finish, and in this con-
nection has been enabled to contribute largely
towards the general improvement of this local-
ity. He has improved three different residence
parts of the town, and has erected a pleasant
and commodious home for himself and family
on the corner of Third street and Linden
avenue.

In his family connections Mr. Rothrock has
been closely identified with the border days of
Kansas, and with the historical Ouantrell band
which was so destructive of life and property in
that then unsettled and terror-stricken state.
He was born in Lawrence, Kans.. June 27, 1868,
a son of Abraham and Eliza (Breeze) Roth-
rock, the latter of whom was born in Missouri,
and had several brothers in the Civil war.
Abraham Rothrock was born in Johnstown,
Pa., as was also his father, another Abraham,
and came from a family long represented in
the state of William Penn. The elder .Abraham
was a pioneer of Lawrence, Kans., and was shot
and killed in the great Ouantrell raid in 1863.
The younger Abraham and two of his brothers
served during the Civil war in a Kansas regi-
ment, and he settled eventually in Wilson
county, Xans.. where he farmed and spent the
remainder of his davs. [^)csides A. B. there

were two other children in the family, and of
these, Ward is engaged in mining in Alaska,
and Nora is the wife of Curtis Branson, of Spo-
kane, Wash.

On his father's farm near Fredonia, Wilson
county, Kans., A. B. Rothrock was reared to
be a farmer and was educated in the district
schools. When old enough to face his prospects
intelligently he decided upon other fields than
those to which he had been accustomed in Kan-
sas, and in 1888 came to California, and the
same fall located in Long Beach. Forthwith
various occupations engaged his attention, and
in 1897 he entered upon his successful career
as a contractor.

In Chanute, Kans., Mr. Rothrock married
Jennie Kinney, who was born in Iowa, and who
is the mother of two children, Claude and Olive.
Mr. Rothrock is enterprising and progressive,
and variously connected with affairs in Long
Beach and vicinity. Fraternally he is a member
of the \\''oodmen of the World, the Odd Fellows
and the Independent Order of Foresters. He is
a Republican in politics and a member of the
Christian Church.

LUTHER C. HANNUM. Since coming to
California in 1893 Mr. Hannum has made Po-
mona his home. He was born in Huntsburg,
Ohio, February 17, 1852, being a son of Calvm
Hannum, who was a manufacturer of boots and
shoes. After having completed the studies of
local schools, he took up the trade of shoe man-
ufacturing under his father's instruction, and in
time became manager of the business. From
Ohio he went to Michigan and was employed
for some years as a stationary engineer. Sub-
sequent employment was secured in the lumber
districts of Wisconsin, after which he entered
upon commercial life, and followed the same for
fifteen years. He was also engaged in the study
of law, but did not complete the course.

An attack of typhoid fever in 1885 left Mr.
Hannum in a very weak condition, and with
the hope that California climate might prove
beneficial he came to Pomona in 1893. The
results have been all that he could desire, for
he has enjoyed excellent health and has always
been able to fill any demands made upon his
constitution. For a time he held a clerkship
with a clothing firm in Pomona, after which,
in the same year, he began to deal in custom-
made boots and shoes, at the same time carry-
ing on a repair department, which, indeed, he
continued till May i, 1902. In 1900 his fellow-
citizens elected him city recorder and he filled
the duties of the office faithfully for one term,
being succeeded in 1902 by E. IBarnes.

By the marriage of Mr. Hannum to Nettie
Curtis, of Huntsburg, Ohio, he became the
father of one child, Esther L., now deceased.
In matters relating to the welfare of Pomona

954

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

he maintains an interest, while fraternally he is
connected with the Knights of Pythias and the
Fraternal Aid, and has passed the chairs of both
orders.

GEORGE E. ABBOTT, M. D. Among the
colonial settlers of Massachusetts and Maine
were representatives of the Abbott family from
England, and succeeding generations have
been intimately associated with the development
of New England. In the family of Jacob Ab-
bott, a native of Maine and a large land owner,
were a number of sons, all of whom possessed
fine intellects and broad mental equipment.
One of the most talented of the family, Samuel
P., was accidentally killed in the opening years
of manhood. Another, John, filled a pastorate
in the Congregational denomination through-
out his entire active life and, in addition to
worthily serving the cause of Christ, con-
tributed to the literature of the country by a
number of valuable works, including Abbott's
Napoleon. Gorham became an instructor in a
leading educational institution in New York
known as the Spinglar Institute. The two re-
maining brothers, Jacob and Charles E., entered
the ministry of the Congregational Church, but
both were similarly afflicted in the loss of their
voice, after which they pursued educational
work. Among the children of Jacob are Lyman
J. Abbott, D. D., the noted preacher and litte-
rateur, also Austin, Vaughn and Edward.

The youngest of the sons of Jacob, Sr., was
Rev. Charles E. Abbott, father of Dr. George
E. Abbott, of Pasadena. He was born in
Brunswick, Me., and was graduated from Bow-
doin College and Andover Theological Sem-
inary, after which he was ordained to the min-
istry, entering its work with the expectation of
making it a life occupation. However, the loss
of his voice three years later caused him to
engage in teaching. For a time he was princi-
pal of a private school at Norwich, Conn., after
which he established and conducted Springside
Seminary in Pittsfield, Mass. Later he made
his home in Hartford, Conn., and died there
when sixty-three years of age. His wife was
Mary E. Spaulding, who was born in Ceylon,
India, and is now living in Pasadena, Cal. Her
father, Rev. Levi Spaulding, a native of New
Hampshire and a graduate of Dartmouth Col-
lege, entered the Congregational Church and
immediately afterward offered himself as a mis-
sionary to assist in proclaiming the Gospel to
the heathen. Under the auspices of the Amer-
ican Board he went to Ceylon, where he spent
his entire active life, dying there when eighty-
four years of age.

In the family of Rev. C. E. Abbott there are
four children, viz: Frank, a graduate of the
Berkshire Medical College, now practicing in
San Francisco; George E., a physician of Pasa-

dena; Phillips, an attorney of New York City;
and Mrs. Mary Bowen, of Pasadena. The sec-
ond son, George E., was born in Norwich,
Conn., August i6, 1848, and as a boy attended
his father's seminary and Hartford higii school.
He took up the study of medicine under Dr.
.Stearns, a leading physician of Hartford, and
superintendent of the Retreat for the Insane at
Hartford. His studies were further prosecuted
in Harvard Medical College, from which he
was graduated in 1872. Returning to Hartford,
he became an assistant to Dr. Stearns. One
years later he received, by competitive exam-
ination, an appointment as interne in the Wo-
man's Hospital of New York City, where he
remained a year, and then spent si-x months as
assistant in the Nursery and Child's Hospital.
On taking up private practice he continued in
New York City, where he was a general phy-
sician and surgeon for eight years, and for five
years he was instructor of gynecology in the
New York Post-Graduate Medical School and
Hospital, resigning the latter position in 1894,
on removing to the Pacific coast. For four
years he was resident physician at the Coronado
Hotel, San Diego, and in 1898 came to Pasa-
dena, where he carries on a general practice in
medicine and surgery. In 1901 he officiated as
president of the Pasadena Medical Society and
during the same year was elected vice-president
of the Los Angeles County Medical Associa-
tion. With both of these he has been connected
since coming to Pasadena, and he is also a mem-
ber of the Southern California Medical Asso-
ciation. In common with his ancestry, he
believes in the Congregational faith, but. as a
matter of convenience, now attends the Pres-
byterian Church. Though not a partisan in
politics, he is a stanch upholder of Republican
doctrines and has always supported the party.

RUSSELL C, ALLEN. The Sweetwater
Fruit Company, incorporated, is one of the old-
established and successful industries of San
Diego county. Not a little of its present pros-
perity is due to the wise oversight of its gen-
eral manager, Mr. Allen. In 1890 he was con-
nected with the organization of the company,
which purchased two hundred acres in Sweet-
water valley. One-half of the entire acreage
is in lemons, of which there are annually raised
about twenty thousand boxes or si.xty carloads.
Fifteen acres are in navel oranges, of which
fifteen carloads are shipped yearly. The ship-
ments of oranges will increase each year, so
that when the trees are ten years old about one
hundred carloads can be shipped each year.
The company owns a packing house and pre-
pares its fruit for shipment. On the property
there are also two private pumping plants, from
which in dry seasons water is secured for the
ranch. Besides the lemons and oranges, Eng-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

955

lisli walnuts are grown, there being fifteen
acres in this product. Thirty acres are in alfalfa.
The shipments from the ranch comprise two
brands of fruit, Bonita and Hibiscus, both of
which have acquired a reputation that insures
their sale at fair prices. To add to the equip-
ment of the ranch a store was opened thereon
and a postofSce established, and for two years
Mr. Allen has filled the office of postmaster.

In Jamaica Plains, Mass., Mr. Allen was born
in 1859, a son of Joseph H. and Anna M. Allen.
His educational advantages were of the best
the country afforded. In 1880 he'was graduated
from Harvard College with the degree of A. B.,
after which he was a student in Columbia Law
School, New York City, and also studied in
the office of Henry C. Atwater. Coming to Cal-
ifornia in 1882, he settled near El Cajon, San
Diego county, where he bought property (now
known as Las Paderes ranch) and set out a
raisin vineyard and an olive orchard. This place,
which he still owns, comprises two hundred
and eighty acres and is watered by a private
pumping plant. From 1889 until 1899 he was
a partner in the El Cajon Packing Company,
which engaged in the raisin packing business.
His property interests are large, including, as
already intimated, a part ownership of the Bon-
ita ranch, of the Sweetwater Fruit Company,
and the ownership of Las Paderes ranch.
Through his twenty years of practical experi-
ence in fruit growing he has acquired a thor-
ough knowledge of the business, and is par-
ticularly well informed concerning the adapta-
bility of the soil to certain varieties of fruits.
Frequently he has been called upon to furnish
articles for fruit growers' journals, and in these
papers he has given the result of years of labor
and tireless application, thereby enabling in-
experienced horticulturists to profit by his
experience through all these years.

A. J. BACON, M. D. During the latter
years of his life Dr. A. J. Bacon was a resident
of Gardena, where he purchased land and
erected a commodious residence. He was born
near Macomb, 111., and reared on a farm, his
primary education being received at the dis-
trict schools of his neighborhood. His father.
Col. Charles Bacon, was born in Tennessee,
was a civil engineer in the earlier part of his
life, but after coming to Illinois he settled on
a farm of fifteen hundred acres near Macomb,
where he eventually died.

The professional training of Dr. Bacon was
undertaken at Rush Medical College in Chi-
cago, 111., and at the Eclectic College in Cincin-
nati, Ohio. He began his practice in Table
Grove, 111. At the end of twenty-five years he
removed to Fairfield, Neb., on account of poor
health, and later went to Hastings, Neb., re-
maining in both of the latter towns two years.

Thence he went to Denver, Colo. After a year
and a half in Denver he located in Los Angeles,
Cal., and then removed to Gardena, where his
death occurred in March, 1900. His first mar-
riage was contracted in Illinois, and of this
union there was one daughter, Carrie, who is
now the wife of J. M. Leonard, a telegraph
operator for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
Railroad Company.

May 4, 1865, Dr. Bacon married Miss Miner,
born near Table Grove, 111., October 10, 1841,
a daughter of William Miner, who was born in
Kentucky, September 4, 1810. Mr. Miner re-
moved from Kentucky to Indiana, and after-
ward located near Table Grove, 111., where he
had fifteen hundred acres of land, and this
property he farmed until his death in 1894. His
wife, formerly Phoebe Ward, was born in New
Jersey, a daughter of John Ward, who was born
in Kentucky, and was both a farmer and
preacher. Mrs. Bacon spent her girlhood days
in Illinois, and was educated in the public
schools and at the seminary at Quincy, 111. She
has one daughter, Mrs. Nellie Barlow, who
lives with her mother.

PROF. ALBERT J. COOK. The depart-
ment of biology, under the charge of Professor
Cook, is among the most important in Pomona
College. The entire upper floor of Pearsons
Hall of Science is devoted to this department.
In the south end is the museum, containing a
valuable collection, which includes an articu-
lated and disarticulated human skeleton, a dis-
articulated and sectional human skull, articu-
lated skeletons of all classes of vertebrata, all
orders of mammalia, the celebrated Azoux
manikin and the Azoux models of the human
eye and ear; also a representative collection of
insects, another of fossils from all periods of
geologic history; and a cabinet of archaeolog-
ical specimens. In the north end are labora-
tories for zoology, and botany with complete
appliances, added to the conveniences of water
and gas.

Professor Cook was born in Owosso, Mich.,
in 1842, and received a thorough education,
graduating from the Michigan Agricultural Col-
lege in 1862. During the same year he came
to California and taught in the public schools
of Sacramento for some time, returning to
Michigan in 1868 and accepting a position in
the educational work of that state. His recog-
nized learning and talents led to his appoint-
ment as professor of mathematics in the Michi-
gan Agricultural College, in which department
he remained for two years, and was then trans-
ferred to the chair of zoology and biology. Dur-
ing all of these years he hafl never relinquished
tlie hope of returning to California, and when
he was invited to the chair of biologv in Po-
mona College at Claremont he accepted. This

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

chair he has filled since January, 1894, and be-
sides he has charge of the Farmers' Institute
of Southern California, being an appointee of
the University at Berkeley. He organized and
estabhshed the Farmers' Clubs of Pomona val-
ley and Southern California, which have in-
creased to over forty and he is recognized as a
power in promoting the success of agriculture
and horticulture. To this work he has given
considerable attention. The fact that he is a
fluent speaker and able writer has brought his
sendees into demand along these lines, and he
is now regular correspondent for the California
Cultivator and the American Bcc Journal. In
Claremont he is connected with the local
schools as trustee and with the Congregational
Church in a similar capacity.

Tlie present wife of Professor Cook was Mrs.
J. S. Eldridge, of Pasadena. He bad been pre-
viously married to Miss Mary Baldwin, of Ohio,
who died in 1896, leaving two children. The
son, Albert, is engaged in agricultural pursuits
in Michigan and is identified with the Farmers'
Clubs of his state, being president of the organ-
ization. The daughter, Catharine, is the wife
of Lyman J. Briggs, who is assistant chief of
the Bureau of Soils, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

GEORGE H. BALLOU. The president of
the San Diego Chamber of Commerce is a
member of an old-established family of New
England that traces its lineage to French-Hu-
guenot ancestry. His father, Henry S., a native
of Rhode Island, was, during early manhood,
a merchant in the wholesale trade, but later
gave his attention to the shipping and commis-
sion business in Providence. Retiring when
advanced in years, he came west to California
and spent his last days at Coronado. One year
previous his wife, Deborah A., had died in
Rochester, N. Y. She was born in Niagara
county, N. Y., to which place her father, John
L. Davis, had removed from New England. The
family was of English descent. To her marriage
were born two sons and two daughters, all of
whom are still livinig, except one daughter. One
of the sons, Stephen D., was for three years a
soldier in the Civil war, after which, in 1866, he
came to the Pacific coast, and is now postmas-
ter at San Luis Obispo; at one time he served as
shcrifT of that county.

In Providence, R. I., George H. Ballou was
born October 8, 1848. When only twelve years
of age he was gracluated from the Providence
high school, after which he assisted his father
in business. When si.xteen years of age, or
less, he enlisted in the United States Engineer
Corps, and for a time served in the east,
after which he was transferred to the west, and
at the close of the war was serving in Missouri.

With the rank of sergeant he was honorably dis-
charged at Willet's Point in the spring of 1867,
after a service of three years. Going to New
York City, he secured employment in an im-
porting house, and later accepted a position
with the house of C. P. Low & Co. in Yoko-
hama, Japan. During the following years his
time was spent partly in New York and partly
in Japan, and he discharged his important duties
as manager of the business with efficiency and
success.

Through a residence in California between
1883 and 1885 'Sir. Ballou had come to know
and like the state and its people. On his return
from Japan, in 1889, he determined to settle
m San Diego, and almost immediately he inau-
gurated an important business venture. The
firm of G. H. Ballou & Co. was estabhshed
July I, 1S89, and has since continued in busi-
ness, although since 1896 the title has been
Ballou & Cosgrove. The company transact a
large business in importing teas and cofifees
and manufacturing spices and baking powder.
In addition to this business, Mr. Ballou is presi-
dent of an oil company and a director in others.
Upon the organization of the Merchants' Na-
tional Bank he was chosen a director and served
as such as long as he was connected with the
bank. Elected treasurer of the Merchants and
Manufacturers' Association at its organization,
he continued in that capacity until the associa-
tion was merged into the Chamber of Com-
merce. Of this he served as the first vice-presi-
dent, has been a director for many years, and in
January, 1900, and in January, 1901, was hon-
ored by the election as president. This impor-
tant position he fills with the same efficiency
that has characterized him in every post and
under all circumstances.

Thirty years ago Mr. Ballou was made a
Mason in Lockport, N. Y., and he is now con-
nected with tlie lodge, chapter and commandery
in San Diego, and Al Malaikah Temple, A. A.
O. N. M. S., of Los Angeles. He is also con-
nected with the Benevolent and Protective Or-
der of Elks. The Republican party has always
received his stanch support and he has never
wavered in his allegiance to its principles. Fre-
quently he has been a delegate to state conven-
tions of the party and at all times has stood-
ready to use his time and influence to advance
those principles which he believes to be for the
welfare of our country, finding an important
means of spreading Republican tenets through
his membership in the Republican League. In
Lockport, N. Y., in 1868, he married Miss Har-
riet A. Wliitcher, who was born in that city.
They are the parents of one daughter, Frances
-Ada. who in .April, 1902, married Robert L.
Crane of Buffalo, N. Y., where she now resides
and is very prominent in social and musical
circles.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

WILLIAM L. GRAIN. A few cabins shel-
tered all of the residents of San Pedro when Mr.
Grain came here in 1882. Seven years before, in
May, 1875, he had entered the employ of the
Sonthem Pacific Railway Company as an office
boy at Wilmington, San Pedro having at that
time not been started. As he proved himself to
be industrious and capable, he was given work in
the tallying of vessels. Step by step he won de-
served promotions, and in 1889 was appointed
agent for the railroad at San Pedro, which posi-
tion he still holds, having entire charge of the
company's office, 3'ards and wharf, in addition
to which he acts as agent for the Wells-Fargo
Express Company.

Near El Monte, Los Angeles county, Gal., W.
L. Grain was born December 15, 1858, being a
son of William H. and Margaret Jane (Garter)
Grain, natives respectively of Springfield, 111.,
and Indiana. During 1856 his father came to
California, and while crossing the plains met
Miss Garter, whose parents were in the same
emigrant train with himself. Arriving in Cali-
fornia he took up the work of a freighter, and
was accustomed to drive to San Pedro for his
freight, which he would then haul to various
points in this state and Arizona. Removing to
Washington Territory in 1871, he took up
freighting and teaming there, but died two years
later, when forty-three years of age. He was of
English extraction, and his father was a native
of South Carolina. His widow makes her home
in San Pedro, and is now ( 1902) sixty-nine years
of age. Four children were born of their union.
Annie, William L., Isabelle and Charles H.

When a boy William L. Grain was a pupil in
the old brick school on Spring and Second
streets, Los Angeles. He accompanied his par-
ents to Walla Walla, Wash., and after his
father's death returned with the family to San
Bernardino, Gal. Being the older son, the sup-
port of the others fell upon him, and with filial
love he cared for his mother and endeavored to
provide her with the comforts of life, at the same
time supporting the other children until they
were able to care for themselves. He secured
employment as driver of an eight-mule train
from Spadra, the end of the Southern Pacific
Railroad, to Panamint, hauling merchandise out
and returning with a load of ore. The trip took
thirty days and was attended by many dangers.
Indeed, more than once he had narrow escapes
from sudden death. Ofter he drove across the
desert alone, sleeping on the ground at night and
cooking his meals by the roadside. When he
abandoned the work of driving, he entered the
railroad company's employ, and has continued
with them ever since, a period of more than
twenty-seven years. His long service is sufficient
testimony concerning his fidelity to the com-
pany's interests. Fraternally he is connected
with Wilmington Lodge No. 198, F. & A.

M., in the works of which he is interested and
active.

October i, 1898, occurred the marriage of Mr.
Grain to Mrs. E. J. (Ston') Fields, who was
born in Haverhill, Mass., and in 1895 came to
San Francisco, a year later settling in San Pedro.
Her father, Francis Story, was a native of
Haverhill, Mass., of English extraction, his an-
cestors having first settled in New Hampshire,
and thence removed to Vermont. During the
Civil war he served in the Union army. His
death occurred when he was eighty years of age,
and he was preceded by his wife, who was De-
borah Getchell, of Maine.

HON. JOHN G. CHAMBERS. Many of
the men who have since been prominent in the
activities of Southern California first became
associated with this region in the days of the
famous boom, and Mr. Chambers is one of the
men who dates his residence in the state from
1887. He was born near Mansfield, Richland
county, Ohio, November 18, 1837, a son of
James and Mary (Tipton) Chambers, natives
respectively of New York state and Monroe
county, Ohio. His paternal grandfather, a
native of county Armagh, Ireland, and of Scotch
Quaker descent, came to the United States and
after a few years in New York settled in Bel-
mont county, Ohio, where he cleared and im-
proved a farm. His death occurred in Richland
county when he was over four score years of
age. The maternal grandfather, Luke Tipton,
was a native of Maryland, of Quaker lineage,
and became a farmer in Ohio. After years upon
a farm in Richland county, Ohio, James Cham-
bers moved to Cedar county, Iowa, in 1864,
and settled upon a farm near Springdale. Dur-
ing the stirring days of the war he was a stanch
abolitionist and his farm was one of the stations
of the underground railroad. Both he and his
wife died in Iowa. They were the parents of
six sons and one daughter, of whom the daugh-
ter and one son are living. During the Civil
war one of the sons, Ehvood, enlisted in an
Ohio regiment, went to the front, bore an active
part in campaigns and battles and died from a
gunshot wound in West Virginia.

The third in the family was John G, who was
born near Mansfield and grew to manhood upon
the home farm, receiving his primary educa-
tion in district schools, later attending the Wes-
leyan University at Delaware, Ohio. Teaching
and farming formed the occupations of his
youthful years. In 1863 he accompanied the
family to Iowa and afterward bought a farm
near Springdale, but in 1867 turned his atten-
tion to the mercantile business, which he con-
ducted at Springdale for some years. In 1873
he resumed farming south of town. Meantime
he had become prominent and popular and a
local leader of the Republican party, on which

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ticket ill 1871 he was elected to the Iowa state
senate. He served during the session of 1872
(when -AlHson was first elected to the United
States senate), the extra session of 1873 and the
session of 1874. Again, in 1883, he was elected
to the senate, serving in the sessions of 1884
and 1886, and taking an active part in securing
Senator Allison's re-election for a third term.
For twenty years during his residence in Iowa
he served as president of the school board and
greatly aided in promoting the standard of edu-
cation in his community.

In Knox county, Ohio, Mr. Chambers mar-
ried Miss Jennie W. Lewis, who was born in
Logan county, that state, of Quaker parentage.
They have three sons and two daughters,
namely: Elmer L., who is employed in the
Riverside postofifice; WaUer R., who is with
the Pasadena Electrical Railway Company; J.
H., who is interested with his father; Edith and
Mabel, at home.

For eight years before coming to California
Mr. Chambers was connected with the West
Branch Bank in Iowa, which he assisted in
organizing in 1875, and of which he was cashier
for eight years and president for one year.
His first location in California was at Wildo-
mar, Riverside county, where he gained his first
experience in ranching. Finding the country
very dry he organized an irrigation district, but
did not meet with success in securing water.
Settling in Riverside in 1891, he engaged in
selling hay and feed, the most of which was
brought in from his large farm at Wildomar.
While in Riverside he served as city recorder
for four years and also as justice of the peace.
Later he turned his attention to general con-
tracting, doing most of the granite street work
in that city. In February, 1900, he obtained
the street sprinkling contract in Pasadena, at
which time he moved to this city and bought
property on North Fair Oaks avenue. In his
business he uses ten Studebaker sprinklers of
the latest approved variety. His interests in
Riverside are still retained, including an orchard
and residence on Olivewood avenue. In reli-
gion he adheres to the faith of his ancestors and
is identified with the Society of Friends.

CHIEF A. M. CLIFFORD. The Pasadena
fire department, than which no better equipped
exists in the southern part of California, owes
its present standing among kindred institutions
to the untiring zeal of its chief, A. M. Clififord.
A long standing proficiency as a general engi-
neer and railroad man led up to the present
position of Mr. Clififord, who came to this city in
August of i8go to assume charge of the engine
then in use by the department. At that time
there were but four men regularly employed by
the city to respond to fire alarms, and a great
deal of hard work and responsibility fell to the

lot of the engineer. Nevertheless, he continued
to discharge his arduous duties with commend-
able credit until his promotion to his present
position in May of 1901, directly after the new
city charter had taken effect. Under the pres-
ent liberal management many changes have
taken place in this particular branch of munic-
ipal control, and facilities for protecting life
and property have been augmented by many
modern innovations, including ladder, truck and
hose carts and a chemical engine.

To Dr. Ephraim and Amanda (Sloan) CUfiford
were born ten children, nine of whom are liv-
ing, A. M. being fourth. He was born in Farm-
ington. Van Buren county, Iowa, August 25,
1856, and was reared on the paternal farm until
seventeen years of age. Dr. Clififord was born
in Vermont, of English descent, and for many
years practiced medicine at Fairview, Ind. The
strenuous activity incident to a large country
and city practice eventually undermined his
health, to regain which he removed to Farming-
ton, Iowa, and purchased land upon which to
farm and lead an out-door life. He later pur-
chased government land, which now constitutes
a portion of the city limits of Des Moines, upon
which he rounded out a well conditioned life,
his wife surviving him up to the present time.
Mrs. Clififord is over eighty years of age and
rejoices in the fact that nine of her children are
still living. One of her sons, Samuel K., dis-
tinguished himself as a soldier in the Third
Iowa Cavalry during the Civil war, and is at
present a resident of Tacoma, Wash.

When seventeen years of age Mr. Clififord
removed to the farm near Des Moines and lived
thereon with a brother until his return to Farm-
ington. He then completed his preliminary
education at the high school, and in 1875 began
railroading with the Keokuk & Des Moines,
now the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad.
While still a brakeman he changed to the Chi-
cago, Burlington cSz: Kansas City Railroad (then
known as the Burlington & Southwestern), in
whose employ he was promoted to the position
of conductor. For a short time he was em-
ployed in a flouring mill at Fannington, after
which he began to fire on the St. Louis, Keokuk
& Northwestern Railroad, still later becoming
an engineer on the Chicago, Burlington &
Kansas City road, his route being lietween
Burlington and Carrollton, Mo. At the time
of the great Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
strike in 1888 he quit railroading in the middle
west, and December 25 of that year came to
Los Angeles in the employ of the Southern
Pacific Railroad as engineer. His route lay
between Los .'\ngeles and Bakersfield, and in
1890 he resigned to accept the position of en-
gineer with the Pasadena fire department.

Since coming to Pasadena Mr. Clififord has
identified himself with many of the interests

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

961

here represented. His pleasant residence on
Dayton street is opposite the fire headquar-
ters. Mrs. Clifford was formerly Cora M.
Getchell, a native of Minneapolis, and she is the
mother of one child, Edith A. Mr. Clifford is
well known in fraternal circles, having become
a Royal Arch Mason in Farmington, of which
lodge he is still a member, and he is also iden-
tified with the Pasadena Lodge No. 272, F. &
A. M., the Pasadena Commandery, the Con-
sistory, and Al Malakiah Temple.

GEORGE G. CRANE. In pursuit of that
occupation to which he became accustomed in
earliest youth in Ohio, Mr. Crane, in 1883, set-
tled in Ventura county, where he has realized
many of his ambitious expectations. He was
born in Sharon township, Medina county, Ohio,
July 7, 1835. His paternal ancestors were all
born and reared in or near Deighton, Mass.,
where the original ancestor, from England, one
Henry Crane, settled in 1654. On the maternal
side, Louisa (Briggs) Crane was born in On-
tario county, N. Y., in 1815, a daughter of
Thomas Briggs, also a native of Massachusetts.
Her brother, George G. Briggs, the pioneer
fruit man of California, in iSiSi became the
owner of the Rancho Santa Paula y Saticoy, in
Ventura county, and said rancho was sub-
divided and thrown open for settlement by him.
In 1855 Mr. Crane came to California and as-
sisted his uncle, George G. Briggs, in putting
out two hundred acres of orchard, in addition to
the already large orchard then just bearing
near Marysville. He also assisted him in put-
ting out an orchard of one hundred acres near
Oroville, and one of two hundred acres on the
Sacramento river near Knights Landing. Re-
maining in California something over three
years, he then returned to his native place in
Ohio, married and purchased a farm upon which
he resided for ten years, when, selling his farm,
he removed to Cass county. Mo. Six years
later he removed to Denver, Colo., where he en-
gaged in the wholesale fruit business, shipping
from forty to fifty carloads a year from Marys-
ville and Sacramento.

The drought in California of 1877 decided him
to quit the fruit business and go to the Black
Hills of Dakota, the then new mining region.
There, in company with others, he was success-
ful in locating and developing what is known as
the Trojan group of mines, near Deadvvood,
which he and his partners sold in 1883 for
$100,000. In the same year he removed witli
his family to Saficoy, Ventura county, pur-
chased and settled upon the ranch he now
(1902) occupies. This land was at once utilized
for the raising of lima beans and the setting out
of walnut trees. To-day there is a fine bearing
orchard of Santa Barbara soft shell walnuts cov-

ering fifty acres. Some apricots also are raised
on the ranch.

No one has shown more enthusiasm than Mr.
Crane in promoting the interests of his neigh-
borhood. To further the cause of the walnut
growers he assisted in the organization of the
Saticoy Walnut Growers' Association. He was
one of the first stockholders in the People's
Lumber Company, and has also been vitally in-
terested in the subject of water supply. In ad-
dition to his home ranch he owns eighty acres
of land west of Pasadena, which can be devel-
oped into grape land. Although a Democrat in
politics and a stanch upholder of his party, he
has never cared for office and has never been a
candidate but once, when he was nominated for
supervisor. His kindly and agreeable person-
ality has won for him many friends throughout
Ventura county. In 1859 he married Adalina
Huntley, who was born in Granger township,
Medina county, Ohio, in 1836. They are the
parents of two children, namely: Amy, who is
the wife of E. E. Huntley, of Saticoy; and
Abbie, wife of L. W. Andrews, an attorney of
Los Angeles.

GEORGE W. FARRINGTON. Before a
church had been erected in the now beautiful
city of Pomona and before a minister had come
to serve the people, the first wedding ceremony
was performed by Justice W. T. Martin Octo-
ber 5, 1876, and the young couple whose hopes
and happiness were thus made one were George
W. Farrington and Harriet I. Reed, daughter of
the late and honored pioneer, John G. Reed. It
is fitting that they should still remain in the
city which they have seen spring up from its
beginning and in which they have always been
respected residents.

In Brooklyn, N. Y., Mr. Farrington was born
April 20, 1846. While he was still a boy the
Civil war broke out and, with sympathies' fired
for the Union, he resolved to enlist. At the age
of sixteen he became a member of Company
L, Merrill Horse (Second Missouri Cavalry,
United States Volunteers). Soon he was made
corporal of Company I in the Twenty-third
Regmient, V. R. C, and later he enlisted in the
United States Arm.y and was promoted to be
sergeant of Company G, Fourth United States
Infantry, and then was made first sergeant of
Company K, Eleventh United States Infantry.
At the close of the war he was ordered to the
frontier, where he remained until December 11,
1875, and was then honorablv discharged at
Fort Richardson, Tex., for ph'vsical disabilitv.
Exposure, long marches, sleeping on the
ground and other hardships had undermined his
constitution and brought on disease of the
lungs. All physicians who were consulted said
he was beyond medical aid. However, he him-
self never gave up hope. Learning that the

962

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

climate of Southern California had frequently
proved helpful for those afflicted with lung
trouble, he resolved to come here, and by so
doing his life was saved. After a short time
in Los Angeles, he secured employment on a
ranch for the purpose of getting outdoor exer-
cise. The occupation and climate soon gave
him renewed health. For a time he was over-
seer on the ranch of Louis Phillips. Afterward
he became manager of a grocery in Pomona,
but the confinement proved injurious and he
was obliged to return to outdoor work. Pur-
chasing a team and wagon, he and his wife
traveled through the southern part of the state,
and while camping at Long Beach (then a new
town) he was appointed postmaster under Pres-
ident Cleveland.

After his return to Pomona, in October, 1890,
Mr. Farrington engaged in the cigar and to-
bacco business, having a store with an open
front and thus securing an abundance of fresh
air. Ever since then he has continued in the
business, and his stock is now the largest and
most select of its kind in the city. He is well
known throughout this locality, and it is always
a pleasure to listen to his accounts of the pio-
neer days of Pomona, when settlers were few,
improvements conspicuous by their absence, but
when that spirit of hearty hospitality prevailed
that is so essentially a characteristic of every
new country. He was the first affiliate in Po-
mona Lodge No 246, F. & A. M. His activity
in Vicksburg Post No. 61, G. A. R., led to his
election as commander, which office he filled for
two terms.

The father of Mrs. Farrington was born in
Schuylkill county. Pa., February i, 1822, and
was reared on a farm. After removing to Ohio
he learned the carpenter's trade, which he sub-
sequently followed, together with contracting.
He married Lydia Yoe, who was born in Ohio
July 19, 1824, a daughter of John Yoe. After
his marriage he took his wife to Shelby county,
Ind. Some years later he settled in Pomona,
led hither by reports of the invigorating climate.
Advertisements reported the town to be promis-
ing and quite a city, but when he arrived here,
October 31, 1875, he found only six houses be-
sides the hotel. However, he had made up his
mind to locate in Pomona and did not allow dis-
couragements to change his plans. He bought
two lots, building his house on Lot i, Block 89,
and the shop where the First National Bank
now stands, which is in the center of the city.
The house which he built and which is now oc-
cupied by his widow is surrounded by the fruit
and shade trees they planted on coming here,
and some of these have grown to unusual size.
An elderberry tree is two feet thick, the cacti
reach as high as twenty-five feet, and the growth
of other plants and trees has been equally sur-
prising. In early days his house was used for

religious services, and in it was held the first
prayer meeting in Pomona; while his shop was
used for Sunday-school purposes until a house
of worship was built. In contributions to re-
ligious movements and, indeed, to all worthy
charitable and philanthropic efTorts, he was lib-
eral to the extent of self-sacrifice, and many a
time he denied himself some comfort in order
that the church might be given a needed con-
tribution. In his death, which occurred in 1887,
Pomona lost one of its most deserving pioneers,
and his name will ever be cherished by those
who feel a debt of gratitude to the early settlers.
Of his descendants there are living six great-
grandchildren, fourteen grandchildren and six
children. In order of birth the names of his
children are: John A., deceased; Mary L., wife
of T. J. Emerick; Henry M.; Harriet I., Mrs.
Farrington; Catherine R., Mrs. A. L. Beam;
Sarah J. and Martin L., both deceased; Marth.-i
A., wife of I. J. Reynolds, and David C, who is
a twin of Martha A.

GIIORGE W. FORESTER, M. D., Ph. D.
In his professional practice Dr. Forester is an
exponent of the world's most advanced deduc-
tions of the science of medicine and surgery.
In Southern California, which constitutes his
field of activity, the tendency to specialization is
observable in his career, and he is best known
as a surgeon, and as an expert on the eye, ear,
nose and throat. In the former capacity he has
made himself familiar with every phase of the
science. In common with others of equal
breadth of mind, he believes that for one man
to try and learn all about any one branch of
science is no longer feasible. Yet Dr. Forester
has few equals and few superiors in the general
practice of medicine.

A native of Lexington, Sanilac county, Mich.,
Dr. Forester was born January 6, 1864, a son
of Wesley Justus and Esther (Beecher) For-
ester, natives of New York state, and the for-
mer of Ogdensburg. The mother, who died in
Los Angeles, and who had four children, of
whom George W. is the second youngest, and
the only one living, was the daughter of a
Methodist Episcopal clergyman. The father,
who died when George W. was a mere child,
was a government contractor, and was engaged
in the construction of large contracts on Lake
Huron, at the Point of Banks, and other places.
Dr. Forester was reared principally in Chebov-
gan. Mich., and was educated in the public
schools and_ at the Northern Indiana Normal
School at Valparaiso, Ind. Having learned the
art of photography, he practiced the same in
different parts of the east and west, and upon
his first trip to California in 1887 became seri-
ously interested in medicine. For a year he
studied in the medical department of the Uni-
versity of Southern California, his preceptor

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

being Dr. C. E. Shoemaker. In 1880 he en-
tered Rush Medical College in Chicago, attend-
ing for a year, going then to the College of
Physicians & Surgeons at Des Moines, Iowa,
which institution was also the medical depart-
ment of Drake University. There he finished
the four years' course in two years, graduating
in 1894. The same year he began practice in
Elburne, Iowa, and then went to Des Moines,
and while in the latter city entered the High-
land Park College of Pharmacy, from which he
graduated in 1896. While endeavoring to es-
tablish a practice at Des Moines he was also
the assistant professor of chemistry and bac-
teriology at the College of Physicians & Sur-
geons, but owing to the failure of his wife's
health he was obhged to seek a change of cli-
mate and surroundings. He therefore located
in Los Angeles in 1897, and made a specialty of
the eye, ear, nose and throat. Tlie following-
year found him in Pomona, where he continued
in the same line of specialties, and where he has
since acquired a reputation extending far be-
yond the town.

In Elburne, Iowa, Dr. Forester married Lil-
lie Williamson, a native of Crete. 111., and who
was educated at the Western University at
Toledo, Ohio, and graduated from the Northern
Indiana Normal. Of this union there are three
children: Hazel, who is ten years of age; Wil-
liam, eight years old; and Frankie, aged six
years. Dr. Forester has superior professional
training aside from that acquired before start-
ing upon his career of practice. He has taken
special post-graduate courses in New York,
Philadelphia and Chicago, and has drunk deeply
from the knowledge of the most celebrated and
erudite physicians and surgeons. For the suc-
cessful demonstration of his operation theories,
which, by the way, concur with those of the
most famous in the large cities of Europe and
America, he has fitted up an operating room
in his office adjoining his residence at 267
Gary avenue, which, for perfect completeness
can have few superiors anywhere. It is large
and light and fitted with all known devices for
antiseptic surgery, and the bedroom for pa-
tients adjoining, as well as the suite of rooms
at the disposal of those in waiting, are furnished
in an elegant and thoroughly artistic manner,
and constitute one of the finest consulting and
operating enterprises in the country.

In connection with his practice Dr. Forester
has developed a liking for horticulture, and has
improved a twenty-acre orange ranch, known
as the Live Oak Farm, and located four miles
north of Pomona. The doctor is a Republican
in national politics, and is fraternally connected
with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
the Knights of Pythias, the Modern Woodmen
of America and the Fraternal Aid, besides sev-
eral other organizations of which he is exam-

ining physician. With his wife lie is a member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

JOHN NELSON. This substantial Swedish-
American resident of Los Angeles was born in
Wiirmland, Sweden, near Carlstad, August 28,
1863, and was the third child and eldest son in
the family of Nels Carlson, likewise a native of
Warmland. After a lifetime of activity in the
lumbering business and the tilling of the soil, the
father, who is now seventy years of age, is mak-
ing his home at Storttappa, and has largely re-
tired from the cares that filled his younger days.
His wife, formerly Keren Johnson, is still living
and is now seventy-one years of age.

Following the usual custom, John Nelson
served in the Swedish army in early manhood.
When a little less than twenty-four years of age,
in 1887, he immigrated to America and settled in
Minnesota, well equipped for the future by vir-
tue of his knowledge of the lumber business, to
which he had been accustomed from youth. For
four winters he was employed in the lumber
woods of Minnesota, and during the intervening
summers followed the trade of a carpenter, which
he learned in Minneapolis. During this time he
made every eiTort to improve his general knowl-
edge. To facilitate the acquiring of the Eng-
lish language, and to place himself in touch with
the prevailing conditions of his adopted home,
he attended the Minneapolis high school for three
winters, and among other things learned me-
chanical drawing. During the last three years of
his residence in the northern state he devoted
his energies to contracting and building, later
removing to Iowa and following the same occu-
pation until 1897, when he located in Los An-
geles, as a contractor and builder.

Among the contracts which Mr. Nelson has
filled since coming west may be mentioned the
following: The Randall building, a three-story
brick on the corner of Boyd and Los Angeles
streets ; eight buildings and residences on Figu-
eroa and Seventh streets; the residence of
Charles Hofif; two contracts for the county of
Los Angeles, which were filled with scrupulous
fidelity ; a two-story brick structure on Temple
street ; the Moreland residence ; Santa Rosa ho-
tel, a three-story pressed brick building ; the R.
M. Baker and Farwell three-story flats; and the
enlargement of the engine building, boiler and
engine rooms to the Los Angeles county court
house. In 1902 he received the contract for the
erection of the Los Angeles county jail, with a
valuation of $150,000, his contract price being
$78,900. He is rapidly becoming recognized as a
valuable and res]X)nsible contractor, who can be
relied upon to fulfill all of his obligations.

In politics Mr. Nelson is a Republican.
Reared in the faith of the Swedish Lutheran de-
nomination, he is a believer in its faith and a
contributor to its work. He is respected by all

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

\vho know liiiii and his integrity in business is
never questioned.

ROBERT JONES GREGG, M. D. At Car-
michaelstown, Greene county, Pa., Dr. Gregg
was born September 21, 1843, being a son of
William Seaton and Mary (Jones) Gregg, of
Scotch-Irish descent. His ancestors settled hi
Pennsylvania with William Penn. In 1850 his
father moved to Wisconsin, and a year later
settled in Peoria, 111., where he engaged in mer-
cantile pursuits. As a boy Dr. Gregg attended
the Peoria public schools and later took a spe-
cial course in Union College at Schenectady.
N. Y. Having decided to enter the medical
profession, he matriculated in Jefferson Medical
College, Philadelphia, where he took the regu-
lar course, graduating in 1866. Returning to
Peoria, he opened an office, but in a short time
came to California. When he arrived in New San
Diego, October 16, 1868, the town had only one
physician. Dr. Jacob Allen, now deceased;
hence he has the distinction of being the oldest
surviving physician of the place. Both in reli-
gion and politics he is independent. In 1874
he married Miss Emma, daughter of Dr. L. C.
Churchill, of San Francisco. Six children were
born of their union, but three died in infancy.
Those now living are Ruth, Molly and Agnes.

DUANE FLETCHER HALL. A resident
of North Pasadena since 1891, Mr. Hall was
born on St. Johns Island, which is one of the
Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence river.
He is a son of Duane Randall and Agnes (Mel-
ville) Hall, natives respectively of Watertown,
N. Y., and Glasgow, Scotland. The maternal
grandfather, William Melville, a native of Glas-
gow and a weaver by trade, moved to Canada,
where he made a home at Odessa. The pater-
nal grandfather, Richard Ha!!, was born in New
York, followed the trade of a wheehvright and
died at Gananoque, Ontario. In the latter city
Duane R. Hall for some years engaged in man-
ufacturing nails. Later he became a manufac-
turer of cutlery in Chicago, from which city he
removed to Tolleston, Ind., becoming super-
intendent for the Chicago Club's game reserve
there. Since his death his widow has made her
home in North Pasadena with her oldest living
child. Of her six children, three sons and one
daughter survive, Duane F. being the only one
in California. It is noteworthy that the day of
his birth, March 25, 1853, was Good Friday, and
that, with the sole exception of 1862, Good Fri-
day has never since fallen on the 25th of March.

When eleven years of age Mr. Hall began to
take hold of life's problems and anxieties, as
he then began to work in a wood factory, re-
ceiving twenty cents a week for his services. A
year later the family removed to ChicaKO, where
he worked at wood turning and polishing, hav-

ing no chance to attend school except at night.
His health being poor, the family were led to
remove to Tolleston, Ind., hoping the change
would be beneficial to him, and so indeed it
proved. For six years he was engaged in hunt-
ing and trapping on Little Calumet river, and
the game thus secured was shipped to Chicago,
New York and Boston, so that he not only
improved in health, but also saved some money.
Investing his means in a farm of one hundred
acres at Highland, Ind., he worked tirelessly
to cultivate and improve his land, on which he
made his home for fifteen years or more. While
living in Highland he married Miss Almira
Reed, who was born and reared there, of New-
York parentage. Christmas Eve of 1880 wit-
nessed their union, and they at once settled
upon their farm, continuing on the same place
until they came to California. Tliey became the
parents of six children, of whom Alexander
died in infancy. The others are Duane Ran-
dall, Harvey Lewis, Elizabeth, Agnes and Ma-
rion.

Four years after his arrival in North Pasa-
dena, Mr. Hall started the North Pasadena ex-
press, and now has four horses expressing be-
tween this place and Los Angeles. During the
past three summers he has been employed as
engineer for the North Pasadena Water Com-
pany, his oldest son at these times taking-
charge of the express business. A natural me-
chanic, he not only does expert carpenter work,
but is also a skillful wood turner and polisher,
and an efficient stationary engineer. However,
he is one of those men w-ho do not rest satis-
fied with present attainments, but are ambitious
to increase their store of knowledge, and at this
writing he is taking a course in the Interna-
tional Correspondence School of Scranton, Pa.
He and his family occupy a comfortable resi-
dence which he built near the corner of Kirk-
wood and Cedar streets. His wife is identified
with the North Pasadena Congregational
Church and interested in several of its socie-
ties. Fraternally he is connected with the Uni-
form Rank, K. of P., the Woodmen of the
World and the Independent Order of Foresters.
His political views bring him into affiliation with
the Republican party. While living in Indiana
he was quite active in local matters, and served
as supervisor of roads, school director and also
as deputy sheriff.

WILLIAM H. H. SCOTT. The progress of
the city and valley of Pomona since 1877 has
been witnessed by Mr. Scott, who has been
identified with local affairs ever since the days
when large herds of cattle, horses and sheep
roamed through the valley, and the raising of
stock formed the principal industr}' of the peo-
lile. A native of Wheeling, W. Va., William

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

961'

Henry Harrison Scott was born ]\Iay 5, 1840, a
son of Luke Scott, and grandson of James Scott.
The latter came from Glasgow, Scotland, and
settled in Delaware. At about the age of fif-
teen, Luke Scott went alone to Wheeling. In
1847 he went to Iowa and settled on a farm near
Keokuk, where he died in 1851. His wife, who
was sixty-eight at the time of her death, was
Rachel Frazier; her father, Peter Frazier, a na-
tive of Frankfort-on-the-Rhine, attained the age
of ninety-seven yeais.

At the outbreak of the Civil war William H.
H. Scott offered his services to the Union, but
was rejected. Not being able to go to war, he
decided to join a party about to cross the plains,
leaving been asked by them to act as driver of a
team of oxen. In that way he journeyed to Vir-
ginia City, Nev., where he followed mining until
1864, and then went to San Francisco, Cal.
from there traveling by boat to New York and
then returning to his old Iowa home. Shortly
afterward he married Miss Elizabeth McCleary,
of Keokuk, who was born near Sharon, Pa.
They became the parents of five children, viz.:
William Henry Harrison, Jr., who died at
twenty-one years; James Winfield, who is a
court reporter on the Inter-Moiintain of Butte,
?^Iont.; Thomas W., of Pomona, who has the
reputation of being the fastest orange packer in
Southern California; Mae Beatrice, wife of
Charles Schwan, assistant postmaster of Po-
mona; and Lillie Belle, who has taught for
some years in the Central School of Pomona.
The daughters are connected with tlie Method-
ist Episcopal Church of Pomona, while Mrs.
Scott is a member of the Christian Church.

Accompanied by his famil}', JNIr. Scott came
to California in 1881 and has since made Po-
mona his home. For six months he was fore-
man of the Lewis Phillips ranch, and he filled
similar positions on other ranches during sub-
sequent years. After the boom in 1881 he
erected the first building that was completed in
the village of Pomona, this being now occupied
by George Weigle's market. Of late years he
has engaged in teaming and during the season
of marketing fruit he employs from twenty to
thirty men to pick and uses six teams to draw
the fruit. His work is carefully done and al-
ways proves satisfactory. In 1887 he bought
two acres on the corner of Myrtle and West
.Second streets, which he has since improved by
the planting out of orange trees and the erec-
tion of a residence. While he has never sought
office, he has filled several local positions,
among them the office of constable, which he
filled by appointment for si.x months; and
street superintendent, to which he was twice
elected. As overseer of streets he inaugurated
the plan of running a team for that purpose, and
not a few of the fine streets of the city owe their
neat appearance to his skillful oversight.

ERNEST THOMAS HARNETT. One of
the most public-spirited of the younger genera-
tion of business men of Long Beach is Ernest
Thomas Harnett, the genial and successful
owner and proprietor of the Long Beach mill.
This notable addition to the commercial solidity
of the county is the largest of its kind for many
miles around, and under the capable and pro-
gressive methods of the present management
has greatly extended its field of usefulness.
Corn meal and graham flour are manufactured
in large quantities, a modern sheller and the lat-
est improvements in machinery being among
the aids for carrying on the greater part of the
work in this section. The principal features,
however, are rolled barley and cracked corn,
for the perfection of which he has recently added
some of the latest improved cleaning machinery.
The boiler capacity is twenty and the engine
capacity is eighteen horse-power, and twelve
tons of barley can be easily rolled out in ten
hours. The mill was formerly the property of
the Long Beach Milling Company, and was
purchased by Mr. Harnett in 1897.

In his make-up Mr. Harnett embodies the
sterling and substantial characteristics of his
English ancestry, and he is himself of English
birth, having been born in Kent county, near
Maidstone, October 9, 1874. His paternal
grandfather, Thomas, was a native of the same
county, where he engaged in farming, and his
father, Ernest, owned allegiance to the same
historic part of the Albion isle. The father
brought his family to America in November of
1889, and in January of 1890 located in Long
Beach, Cal, near which town he is still engaged
in ranching. He married Julia S. Berrell, a na-
tive of London, England, and who is the mother
of fourteen children, one of whom is deceased.
One of the daughters, Jane E., is a teacher at
Long Beach, and a son, J. A., is at present in
Long Beach.

The youth of Ernest Thomas Harnett was
practically spent in Kent county, and his edu-
cation was acquired in the public schools of
Kent, and of the city of London. He was en-
thusiastically alive to the advantages of emi-
grating to America. After coming to Long
Beach in 1890 he was interested in ranching for
a number of years, and in 1897 entered the
ranks of the mercantile business by purchasing
the half interest of H. Taylor in the Long Beach
Milling Company. He later bought the remain-
der of the concern, and has since been sole pro-
prietor. Nor does the mill represent the extent
of the interest of Mr. Harnett, for he is en-
gaged in the interesting occupation of raising
poultry, ducks and hogs, and derives a consid-
erable income from this source of industry. He
is a member of the Episcopal Church, of "which
he is secretary. Socially he is popular among
those who are privileged to know him. In po-

968

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

litical afliliation he is a Republican, but has so
far shown no disposition to enter the arena of
political preferment.

ARTHUR H. HEBBARD. The steward
and manager of the Los Angeles county hospi-
tal was born in Rochester, Minn., November
4, 1867, and is a son of Judge Daniel S. and
Aurora T. (McManus) Hebbard, natives of
Chautauqua county, N. Y. The maternal
grandfather, Thomas McManus, a native of
New York, and a large contractor in that state,
removed from there to Minnesota, where he
engaged in government contracting. During
1856 Daniel S. Hebbard became a resident of
Rochester, ]\Iinn., where later he was a leading
merchant and successful business man. His
prominence in the community and the universal
recognition of his ability led to his election as
judge of the probate court, which office he filled
for one term. For twelve years he filled the
office of county auditor. Leaving that northern
city for a sunnier clime, in December, 1885, he
settled in Pomona, where he followed horticul-
tural pursuits until his death, in 1898, at sixty-
five years of age. Fraternally he was a Mason
and in religion a believer in the Presbyterian
faith. His "wife is still living in Pomona. Of
their six children, only one son and one daugh-
ter survive.

At the time the family removed to California
Arthur H. Hebbard had completed his educa-
tion in the Rochester schools and was ready to
enter upon the activities of life. For four years
he made his home in Pomona, during which
time he assisted his father in the improvement
of forty acres comprising their homestead. At
the same time he also took up the study of
electrical engineering. Returning east in 1889,
he became electrician of the Water, Light &
Power Company of West Superior, Wis., re-
maining with them for some time. In the fall
of 1893 he came back to California, where he
has since been interested in horticulture, and
still owns thirty acres, under oranges and decid-
uous fruits, on Holt avenue, Pomona. In the
work of the Fruit Growers' Exchange he has
been very active, and for three years served as
a member of its board of directors. In addition
he is connected with the San Antonio Fruit Ex-
change, of whose board of directors he was once
a member. For one term he held office as presi-
dent and manager of the Del Monte Irrigation
Company, in which capacity he rendered most
efficient service. Since September of 1901 he
has been manager and steward of the Los An-
geles county hospital, having been appointed to
the position by the board of supervisors. The
hospital has one hundred and seventy patients
and the supervision of its important interests,
the oversight of all its work, and the maintain-
ing of a satisfactory regime, leaves him little

leisure for participation in outside matters, al-
though he still retains his membership in
the Pomona Board of Trade, superintends his
property at that point, and keeps posted con-
cerning matters of local and general political
importance, casting his ballot with the Repub-
lican party. His marriage was solenmized in
Los Angeles and united him with Miss Joseph-
ine McKay, who was born in New Orleans, La.,
and received her education in San Francisco.

JAMES B. HUGHES. Ever since settling
in Pasadena in 1887 Mr. Hughes has been en-
gaged in contracting and building, and mean-
time has erected many of the handsome resi-
dences of this city, as well as numerous business
blocks and stores. Included among his con-
tracts was that for the residence of Professor
Lowe, which is one of Pasadena's most beau-
tiful homes. He had the contract for all the
mason work on the Mount Lowe Railroad and
also erected the pavilion house. Since 1893 he
has devoted himself particularly to street and
sewer contracting, in which line he has had
some large and important contracts. Associ-
ated with him in business is Charles Stansbury
and they conduct the largest business in grad-
ing and street contracting that is done in the
city. Among outside contracts were those for
two sections of the outfall sewer in Los An-
geles and the Storm water system in Redlands.

Mr. Hughes was born in Mentor, Lake
county, Ohio, December 5, 1855, and was sec-
ond among ten children, all but two of whom
are living. One of his brothers, Moses A., re-
sides in Ocean Park, Cal., and is a foreman for
his brother, James B. The father, Benjamin,
was born in county Antrim, Ireland, and there
married Mary, daughter of Moses Barr, a
farmer of the north of Ireland. Later the fam-
ily came to America and settled at Willoughby,
Lake county, Ohio, wdiere the father who had
been a contractor, turned his attention to con-
tracting. Now, at more than seventy years of
age, he is living retired in Mentor. In religion
both he and his w-ife are identified with the
Presbyterian Church.

When sixteen years of age James B. Hughes
began to learn the mason's trade under his
uncle, Thomas Hughes, which he afterward
followed in the home neighborhood. He re-
modeled Lawnfield, the home of President Gar-
field, and at the time of his marriage to Emma
Rynd, he and his wife began housekeeping in
this home, which was vacant by reason of Mr.
Garfield's service in the senate. Mrs. Hughes was
born in Painesville, Ohio, a daughter of Lewis
and Emily (Chalmers) Rynd, natives respective-
ly of Germany and London, England. Her ma-
ternal grandfather, David Chalmers, was born
in Kent, England, and followed the printer's
trade. Her father was one of the brave soldiers

JOHN H. DARBY

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

971

of the Union during the Civil war, serving in
the Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry. Afterward he
made his home in Painesville until his death.
Of his four children, all but one are living, the
three survivors being residents of California.
Mrs. Hughes was reared in Ohio and received a
fair education. In January, 1878, in Mentor,
she became the wife of Mr. Hughes, by which
union there are two sons, Arthur and Ernest.
The older son is now a foreman for his father.

Interested in Masonry, Mr. Hughes was ini-
tiated into the Order in Pasadena Lodge No.
272, F. & A. M., with which he is still con-
nected, and he now also holds membership in
the chapter and commander)- in Pasadena, the
Council of Kedosh, the Pasadena Consistory,
and Al Malakiah Temple, N. M. S., the latter of
Los Angeles. With his wife he holds member-
ship in the Eastern Star. While not identified
with any religious denomination, he contributes
to various church and charitable organizations,
especially to the First Methodist Episcopal
Church, with which his wife is identified. In
political faith he is a stanch upholder of Repub-
lican principles and takes a warm interest in
matters pertaining to local government and na-
tional issues.

JOHN HOWELL DARBY. As one who,
during his comparatively brief sojourn in Long
Beach, favorably impressed those with whom he
came in contact in a business and social way,
John Howell Darby is entitled to mention among
the honored and successful members of the com-
munity. As evidence of his enterprise, and
recognition of its desirability, the Darby House,
one of the oldest hostelries in the place, and one
which has longest catered to the demands of the
traveling public, was built and managed by him
after his removal here in 1891, and after his
death, December 3, 1893, passed into the equally
capable hands of his wife.

Of southern ancestry, Mr. Darby was born in
Keatchie, De Soto Parish, La., and was a son of
Drayton Darby, a native of Virginia, and an hotel
man by occupation. The elder Darby lived for
several years in Tennessee, but eventually re-
moved to Keatchie, where he successfully man-
aged an hotel up to the time of his death. His
.son, John Howell, was reared and educated in
Keatchie, and his first business undertaking was
as a merchant in Pleasant Hill, La., where he
lived and prospered until 1887. He then dis-
l)osed of his interests and removed to California,
and upon settling in Downey, again resumed
mercantile enterprises. Close confinement, how-
ever, began to tell on his health, and he there-
fore moved to a ranch southeast of Downey, and
turned his energies to horticulture, particularly
the culture of oranges. In 1891 he settled in
Long Beach, and in the fall nf tlie same year

built the Darby House, a first class hotel, which
in time became his special pride, and an all
around credit to the town. He was enthusiastic
and progressive, and made and retained many
friends. No one better than he recognized the
splendid possibilities of this well favored locality,
and many enterprises for the general upbuilding
owe their promotion and subsequent completion
to his far-sighted observation and perseverance.
He foresaw the benefit to be derived from the
building of the wharf, and spared neither time
nor money in pushing this really admirable and
now indispensable adjunct to the town. With
Messrs. Roberts, Wilson and Dunco he suc-
ceeded in overcoming much of the original oppo-
sition of the citizens, all of whom have since
acknowledged the delit toi those who were more
keenly alive to the situation than themselves.

The marriage of Mr. Darby and F'rances Jane
Nolan occurred in Sabine Parish, La., in 1881,
the Nolan famil\- being an old and distinguished
one from North Carolina. Mrs. Darby was born
in Greenville, Ala., a daughter of Greenville
Nolan, a farmer in Alabama, and who gave up
his life for his country during the Civil war.
He married into the Hammack family, formerly
of North Carolina, and well known throughout
the state, his wife, Almeda Hammack, being a
daughter of Elijah Hammack, a minister in the
Baptist Church. Two of the sons of Rev. Ham-
mack started across the plains from Texarkana
during the gold excitement of '49, but were
never more heard of. Mrs. Nolan, who lives in
Long Beach with her daughter, is the mother of
a son, Elijah, who is a resident of this town.

.Since her husband's death Airs. Darby has
proved herself equal to the emergency of run-
ning the hotel, and has not only kept up the
former standing of the house, but has brought
a]x)ut many important improvements. Possessed
of unusual tact and discretion, and many other
needful attributes inseparable from the success-
ful entertainer of the traveling public, she is well
known and respected by the business contingent
of the town, and her hotel is the rendezvous of
those who desire good accommodations at rea-
sonable rates. Besides her many cares and re-
sponsibilities in a general way, Mrs. Darby has
found time to superintend the education and
training of her ten children, all of whom are
bright and interesting, and capable of looking
out for themselves. They are named as follows:
-Vrthur, a merchant in Downey; Sammie, Mrs.
Clyde Harrell, of Plaquemine, La.; Howell, of
Long Beach ; Stuart, who is agent for the Texas
Pacific Railroad in Louisiana; Gertrude, who is
attending the high school of Long Beach ; Nolan :
Larrie, Raymond, Donald and John. Mrs.
Darby is well i)osted on current events, and is a
stanch friend of education and all around ad-
vancement. .She is ass(X-iated with the Society of
I'riends.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

T. H. HOLMES. If one were asked to give
the name of an institution or industry to which,
more than to any other, Pasadena owes its pres-
ent prominence'throughout the United States,
unhesitatingly the answer would be given
"Hotel Green." Eurthermore, when citizens of
Pasadena are asked to state to whose influence
this hotel owes its prestige as headquarters for
tourists, all unite in attributing to the manager,
T. H. Holmes, the credit for the gratifying pop-
"ularitv and success that has been attained. At
the time of the building of the original structure,
Mr. Holmes acted as secretary and treasurer
of the Hotel Green Company, and in 1892 he
was appointed manager. Beginning with only
sixty rooms, there has been a constant increase
in the capacity until there are now accommoda-
tions for five hundred guests. Every effort is
made to secure the comfort of visitors. The
large and sunny rooms, all with outside win-
dows, present a cheery outlook, and the comfort
of those who are fearful of fires is rnaterially en-
hanced bv the knowledge that the structure is
wholly fireproof. To accommodate the em-
ployes of the hotel, two hundred outside rooms
have been provided. Centrally located in Pasa-
dena, the hotel attracts a large proportion of
the multitudes of eastern tourists whom the
bleak winters of trans-Rocky regions induce to
seek the sunshine and fragrance of Southern
California.

Tracing the history of the Holmes family, we
find that James Holmes, a Pennsylvanian by
birth, settled among the pioneers of Highland
county, Ohio, where he developed a raw tract
of land. A later place of residence was Athens
county, same state. In 1882 he removed to Illi-
nois, where his last days were spent at Noko-
mis. His son, A. H., was born in Highland
county, and for some years carried on a store
at Albany, Ohio, after which he settled in Illi-
nois. Returning later to his former home in
Albany, he resumed mercantile pursuits, and
remained there until his death in 1892. The
talents which he possessed fitted him for able
service in behalf of the people, and at difTerent
limes his party (the Republican) elected him to
local offices of trust. His ancestry was Eng-
lish and Scotch, and the first of the family in
America settled in Massachusetts, later going
to Pennsylvania. He married Salonia Kerr,
who was born in Washington county. Pa., and
is now living in Albany, Ohio. Her father,
David Kerr, removed from Pennsylvania to
Ohio and settlec' on an unimproved farm near
.Mbany. The Kerrs are related to the Craw-
fords of Pennsylvania.

In the family of A. H. Holmes there were
seven children, all but two of whom are living,
J. H. being the eldest of these and the only one
in California. In Albany, Ohio, wiierc he was
born May 27. 1838, tlu' years .if y..ulh were

passed in attendance at public school and acad-
emy and in assisting his father in the store.
His first experience in business was gained
when he was only fourteen and afterward he
continued to clerk for his father until 1881,
when, forming a partnership with his brother,
C. C, he bought out his father. Six years later
he sold his interest in the business and came to
California, settling at Altadena, where he took
charge of Colonel Green's business. In the or-
ganization of the Edison Electric Light and
Power Company of Pasadena he bore a promi-
nent part and has since acted as a director, be-
sides which he is a director in the San Gabriel
Valley Bank and a stockholder in various other
local institutions.

In Albany, Ohio, Miss Mary M. Dewing be-
came the v.-ife of J. H. Holmes, and of their
union two children have been born, namely:
Angle Green, now a student in Mount Vernon
Seminary at Washington, D. C. ; and John
Dewing, who is attending Throop Institute in
Pasadena. J\Irs. Ilolmes was born and reared
in Albany, to which point her father, John Dew-
ing, removed from Massachusetts. In social
aflfairs she is interested and active, and in reli-
gion is connected with the Presbyterian Church.
Before leaving Albany Mr. Holmes was made a
Mason in the blue lodge there, and after coming
west he became a charter member of Corona
Lodge, F. & A. M., at Pasadena. In this city
he was raised to the chapter, commandery and
consistory, and he is also connected with Al
Malakiah Temple, N. M. S. He is a member of
the Pasadena Board of Trade. Reared imder
Republican influence, he has always voted wiiii
that party, and while living in Ohio served as
city treasurer of Albany for some years.

RICHARD LOYNES, manufacturer and
brick contractor, living at Long Beach, was
born in Jefferson county, N. Y., Eebruary 21,
1863, and is a son of Robertson and IDora
(Carey) Loynes, the latter a native of England,
and tile mother of eleven children. Robertson
Loynes was born in Norfolk county, England,
and when a young man came to the United
States and settled in Jefferson county. N. Y.
He afterwards became a navigator on the
steamers of the lakes, but eventually retired to
the farm in Ontario whicli has since been his
home.

When a babe in arms, Richard Loynes lost
his mother by death, and was reared in New
York state and educated in the district schools.
\Mien sixteen years of age he apprenticed to
a bricklayer in Kingston, Ontario, and having
learned his trade returned to the States and
worked in Pennsylvania, Missouri and Ohio, in
1886 taking up his residence in Los Angeles.
as foreman for Charles Tossell. In this capac-
ity he superintended the brick part of the Bry

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

575

son building, tue Lankershim building, and nu-
merous others, and in Pasadena was foreman
for the Opera House and the White and Gilkes
building. At a still later period he was fore-
man for the San Joaquin Brick Compan)- at
Stockton, Cal, and at the end of two years
returned to Los Angeles and started a brick
yard on Bishop street. He here manufactured
brick until 1895, at which time he came to Long-
Beach and started in to manufacture brick for
the Alamitos Land Company. The yard which
he now owns was started in 1897, and is located
one-half mile west of the city, but within the
limits, and soon after its purchase Mr. Loynes
moved into the town. He has since engaged
in contract brick work, and among the build-
ings for which he has supplied the brick and put
them in place may be mentioned the addition
to the bank building, the two gas offices, the
Stafford building and the Campbell building.
In fact, he has had the contract for nearly all
of the brick work in the town. In addition he
has erected a fine residence for his family on
Chestnut street, near Third street, which is
built in the Mission style, and which is a dis-
tinct acquisition to the architectural beauty of
the town. In Stockton, Cal., Mr. Loynes mar-
ried Bessie Smith, a native of Wales, and of
this union there is one child, Richard. Polit-
ically Mr. Loynes is a Republican.

E. E. LINDHOLM. The far-away country
of Finland has given very few citizens to the
United States, for seldom do its native-born sons
stray so far from the snow-clad and lichen-cov-
ered hills of their childhood. Somewhat excep-
tional, therefore, to the history of his countrymen
is the life-record of Mr. Lindholm. who was born
in Finland June 6, 1864, and who is a member of
an ancient family of that country. His parents,
August and Mary Lindholm, lived upon a farm
there, and the former died in 1865. The second
among three children, E. E. Lindholm, passed
his early Ixjyhood years in Finland, but at four-
teen years of age started out to see the world.
Going first to England he made a short sojourn
there, and afterward sailed for Australia, where
he made his home for thirteen years. Coming to
the United States in April, 1890, he settled in
Los Angeles, and seven years later removed from
that city to Moneta, his present home.

Since coming to Moneta Mr. Lindholm has
given his attention closely to the improvement
of his tract of fifteen acres, which he has mainly
in alfalfa and on which he has built a neat house.
The value of the place has been improved by the
erection of a private gasoline pumping plant, with
a capacity of sixty-five inches. Industry is a
marked characteristic of the Finns, and the
quality is not wanting in Mr. Lindholm's char-
acter; indeed, his patient devotion to the labor at
hand is a conspicuous attribute. His neat home-

stead seems to have everything, with one excep-
tion, necessary to his well-being, and in time he
may supply this lack by changing from the ranks
of bachelors to those of benedicts. The welfare
of his adopted country is near to his heart, and he
is interested in all that makes for the happiness
of his fellow-citizens. The principles of the Re-
publican party have received his support ever
bince he became a naturalized citizen and he
uniformly votes that ticket. Fraternally he is
connected with the Independent Order of For-
esters and the Knights of Pythias.

J. S. JOHN. Not the least of the distinctions
due Mr. John is the fact that he is the oldest
business man in Long Beach, and yet another
and more vitally important one arises from an
unusually meritorious service during the Civil
war. He comes of a family of Welsh descent
and long represented in Pennsylvania, in which
state he was born in Washington county Sep-
tember 15, 1842. His father, Josiah, was also
born in Washington county, whither the pater-
nal grandfather, Joseph, had removed from the
western part of the state. Josiah John was a
farmer in his native state and county, but
eventually removed to Ohio, where the remain-
der of his days were spent. His wife, formerly
.A.Ibina Grave, was also a native of Washington
county, as was her father, John Grave, a farmer
by occupation. Mrs. John, who died in Penn-
sylvania, was the mother of eleven children,
five of whom are living, J. S. being the youngest
of those who attained maturity.

The youth of I\Ir. John was uneventfully
passed on the paternal farm, and the first break
in the even tenor of his ways was the culmina-
tion of the strife between the north and south.
In 1862 he enlisted in a company of independent
scouts for Company C of the Ringgold Cavalry,
and saw extensive service in the Shenandoah
valley, keeping vigilant watch upon all happen-
ings in this now historic locality. In 1864 he
became a soldier in Company D, Twenty-second
Pennsylvania Cavalry, and in this capacity
served until his mustering out May 22, 1865.
He participated in the battles of Gettysburg,
Winchester, Spottsylvania, the Wilderness, Cold
Harbor, and many minor skirmishes, and expe-
rienced the terrible deprivations of devastating
war times. In the mean time his father had
removed to Salem, Ohio, and thither he re-
paired after the restoration of peace, and the
following year removed to Illinois and remained
a year in Iroquois county. In 1868 he became
identifiedwith Kansas, and homesteadcd a claim
live miles up Smoky river from Salina. where
he farmed with considerable success until 1884.
However. Kansas as a permanent residence
l)lace did not appeal to Mr. John with particular
force, and he therefore removed to Los .\ngeles
and lived there until 1887. He then became

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

identified with Long Beach, and began m a
small wav the feed business which has smce
assumed ' gratifying proportions. Connected
therewith is a large wood, coal, hay and gram
business, which includes a power plant for work-
ino- up the wood. The enterprise is located on
Se1:ond street and Pine, and is not only the
oldest but the largest of its kind in the town.
The upright business methods of Mr. John have
brought about the desired results, and his pro-
gressive and public-spirited influence has pen-
etrated many sides of public enterprise.

In Salina, Kans., Mr. John married Lydia
Goodwin, a native of Illinois, and of this union
there is one child, Edwin U. Ur. John is a Re-
publican in political affiliation, and served as
city trustee for one term. While in Kansas he
served on the school board, and in Long Beach
he has exerted himself in improving the school
system, and in promoting general educational
facilities. He is allied with the Independent
Foresters, and with the Long Beach Post, G.
A. R. Tlie confidence of the community of
Long Beach has been sustained by years of
faithful business service, and a deserved finan-
cial standing has rewarded the effort to make
the most of surrounding chances.

ALVA D. S. McCOY, M. D., one of the
best informed and most popular physicians of
Pasadena, was born in Arcade, Wyoming
county, N. Y., May 24, 1871. His earliest youth
was spent in his native state, but he was reared
in Chicago, 111., where his father. Judge Alex-
ander McCoy, was a practicing attorney. Judge
McCoy had' an enviable reputation as an ex-
ponent of legal science in Illinois, and he was
at one time district attorney of Peoria county.
In 1887 he removed to Beaumont, where he dis-
continued his practice after two years, and in
1889 located in Pasadena. His last days were
s]3cnt upon the tract of land purchased by him
near the city of Pasadena, and upon which he
died in 1892. His wife is still living.

During his second year in the Chicago liigh
school Dr. AlcCoy removed with the rest of the
family to Pasadena and graduated from the high
school in this city in the class of 1891. He then
entered the University of California and was
graduated' in 1895 with the degree of Bachelor
(if Science. His professional training was re-
ceived at the Cooper Medical College in San
Francisco, from which he was graduated from
the four years' course in 1899. Through com-
])etitive examination he received a year's prac-
tical experience as house physician of the City
and County Hospital in San Francisco, and at
the expiration of that time located in Pasadena,
where he has since engaged in a general ]irac-
tice of medicine and surgery.

Since coming to Pasadena Dr. McCoy has
marrieil Helen S. Crawfmd. whn w.-is horn in

Illinois. Dr. McCoy is a member of the Pasa-
dena Medical Society and the Southern Califor-
nia Medical Association. He is a member of the
l)0ard of Trade, and is fraternally connected
with the Knights of Pythias. In national poli-
tics he is a Republican. The doctor is one of
the most genial and promising of the practi-
tioners of this city, and although practically a
new comer to social and professional ranks, has
made many friends and won an appreciative
practice.

J. A. MADDOCK. Lying in the foothills at
Duarte is the attractive homestead of Mr. Mad-
dock, who, though he owns allegiance to no
flag save the Union Jack, is, nevertheless, an
enthusiastic Californian, with the firmest belief
in the permanent progress and prosperity of
this great state. When he came to this country
in 1886 he bought a ranch of thirty acres, later
acquiring twenty acres at Azusa and planting
the same in oranges. He is now the owner of
a ranch of forty-two acres at Duarte, one-half
of which is under cultivation to oranges. Two
and one-half acres are in nursery stock, with
ten thousand trees, embracing all the leading
varieties of citrus fruits. On his ranch he has
developed a private well, flowing fifteen inches,
and providing an abundant supply of water for
irrigation purposes.

The Maddock family is one of the oldest in
Hampshire, England. Rev. Samuel Maddock
was for forty years rector of a church there and
continued in the ministry until his death. His
son, Edw-ard Knight Maddock. was born in
Hampshire and in early manhood became a
minister in the Church of England, in wdiich
capacity he went to India and for seventeen
years officiated as military chaplain at Calcutta.
Returning finally to England, his last years
were spent in his native countr}'. His wife was
an American lady, Miss Lucinda Smith, and by
their union three children were born, one of
whom was J. A. Maddock, whose birth occurred
in tlie East Indies December 3, 1848. Sent to
England to be educated, he W'as placed in the
Blackheath Proprietary School in Kent, where
he completed the regular course of study. On
starting out for himself he went to the Argen-
tine Republic in South America and engaged in
cattle raising and general farming on a ranch
that covered two square miles, or twelve hun-
dred and eighty acres. From there he went to
Canada in 1878 and turned his attention to civil
engineering, and has since filled the position of
dominion land surveyor of Canada. From there
he came to California in 1886 and has since
prosecuted horticultural pursuits in Los Ange-
les county.

While a resident of Canada Mr. Maddock was
united in marriage with Miss .'\gnes Whitaker,
whose father, (;. Wliitaker, was for vcars the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

979

provost of Trinity College in Toronto. The chil-
dren born of their union are named as follows:
Arundel, Genifer, Arthur Gordon, Edna Helen
and Margaret. In religious connections the
family are identified with the Episcopal Church.

FERDINAND A. HEIM. To Mr. Heim is
due an immense amount of credit for the suc-
cess which he has made of his life, and for the
courage with which he has faced discourage-
ments and drawbacks. He was born in East
St. Louis in 1870, his father, Michael, being a
native of the Tyrol, Switzerland, where he was
reared and educated. In company with his
brother, Ferdinand, Michael Heim immigrated
to the United States and engaged in ranching
and dairying, afterwards going into the manu-
facture of rope in Winchester, 111., and later in
East St. Louis. They worked up an excellent
trade in the Missouri city and had a large plant,
which, however, was destroyed by fire in 1874.
Nothing daunted, the brothers soon rebuilt
their establishment and proceeded as before
with ever increasing success, until the death of
Michael Heim in 1883. He was a prominent
financier and a director in the East St. Louis
Bank. His death proved a heavy loss to his
wife and children, who were not only deprived
of an affectionate father and husband, but were,
as well, the victims of the dishonest settlement
of the uncle, Ferdinand. Owing to some laxity
in the business arrangements, no partnership
papers or will were found, and as the business
had not yet been incorporated, they were at the
mercy of their relative with no opportunity of
redress. Little of what was due them ever came
within their reach, the mother, formerly Anna
Biel, being the heaviest loser. Mrs. Heim, who
afterward married Mr. McArthur, and is again
a widow, is now in business with her son, Ferdi-
nand, and is a resident of Los Angeles. She
is the mother of two sons, of whom George is
in Elmwood, engaged in the wholesale liquor
business.

Ferdinand A. Heim was but thirteen years of
age when his father died, and at the time he
was being educated in the public schools of
East St. Louis. With his mother and brother
he came to Los Angeles in 1887, and entered
the business college, but before graduation they
were sent by the uncle Ferdinand to a ranch in
the desert, where they lived in the Indian coun-
try, one hundred and sixty miles from the rail-
road, for a whole year. Not being able to en-
dure the loneliness and inconvenience any
longer, Ferdinand A. returned to civilization,
and engaged in the wholesale liquor business
in Santa Monica for two or three years. He
then started a soda-water manufactory and bot-
tling business on a small scale, gradually
broadening his business as trade increased, his
plant being located on the site of the old

Ramona mineral spring. The medicinal prop-
erties of this spring have received the endorse-
ment of some of the greatest chemists and most
learned physicians in California, and it proved
particularly efficacious in rheumatism and dis-
eases of the stomach. It is used as a founda-
tion for the various bottled goods turned out
by the manufactory, including Coca Cola Soda,
Belfast Ginger Ale, and Sarsaparilla and Iron
Tonique. They also manufacture a full line of
fruit syrups and ciders for fountain use, and
are able to meet any demand along their line,
however varied or extensive.

In January of igoi Mr. Heim started in the
brewing business, and May 7. 1901, incorpor-
ated the Ferdinand Heim Brewing Company,
of California, with his wife as president, his
mother as vice-president, and himself secretary,
treasurer, and manager. They built the brewery
at No. 346 Avenue Thirty-nine, in East Los
Angeles, and are manufacturing Weiss beer. A
large concrete building houses the enterprise,
and the bottling is done at a separate bottling
department. The company has without doubt
the largest trade in the city. Mr. Heim is
prominent in many different ways in Los An-
geles, and is public spirited. Considerable prop-
erty has come into his possession from time to
time, and besides residence property in Los
Angeles, he has real-estate also in Santa Monica.
He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce,
and is fraternally associated with the Knights
of P>thias, the Knights of the Royal Arch, the
Fraternal Order of Eagles, No. 102, and the
Foresters of America.

In Los Angeles Mr. Hfeim married Maude M.
Cooke, who was born in Chicago, III., and is a
(laughter of B. J. Cooke, who is a piano tuner,
and a pioneer of Los Angeles. Two children
are the result of this union, Anna and Bartlette.

SANFORD S. SMITH. The name of San-
ford S. Smith is not only connected with the
most ambitious and extensive building and con-
tracting accomplishments in Long Beach, but
with the possession of practical moral and intel-
lectual attributes, ethusiastically exercised for
the general upbuilding of the community. As
a prominent member of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church, and as an untiring worker in the
Sunday school, he has become known through-
out the whole of Southern California, where his
extensive and well-directed services have won
for him the name of "Sunday School" Smith. As
a prohibitionist also he is widely known, and his
advocacy of total abstinence is as pronounced
as it is convincing.^ The amount of good ac-
complished by Mr. Smith in his varied capacity
as moral reformer is incalculable, and his influ-
ence is such as at all times and under all circum-
stances to command the utmost consideration

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

from even those who radically differ from him
in belief.

That the desire to do soo'l i* '" ^ measure
the result of example and inheritance is not
questioned bv Mr. Smith, who attributes many
of his finest and most praiseworthy impulses to
the training of a father for f^fty years connected
with the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal
Church He was born at Sanford, Broome
county, N. Y., May 21, 1862, and is the young-
est in' a family of s'ix children, five of whom are
living. His father. Rev. Welcome Smith, was
born in Binghamton, Broome county. N. Y., m
which citv his grandfather was a merchant dur-
ing his long and active life. The Rev. Smith
moved to Nebraska in 1878, and while in that
s.tate was associated with the Lincoln confer-
ence of which he was presiding elder, at the
same time making his residence near St. Joe,
Hamilton countv. From there he removed to
Grand Island, which was his home for six pr
seven years, after which he came to California,
and is now a resident of Redondo Beach, of
which town he is county recorder and justice
of the peace. He is a Republican in national
and local politics, and is fraternally a Mason.
Although seventy-six years of age he is still hale
and heartv, and promises to continue the pre-
cedent of longevitv established by his ancestors.
The mothe'r of Sanford S. Smith died when
he was but seven months old, and at the time
she was thirty-eight years of age. He was reared
in New York state and primarily educated m
the district schools, supplemented by further
training at Onondaga Valley Seminary. In 1878
he accompanied his father to Nebraska and con-
tinued his schooling at the College Corner pub-
lic school. He soon, however, began to learn
the carpenter's trade, and having completed the
same, worked thereat in St. Joe, and during
1882-3 was employed in a trade capacity by the
Union Pacific Railroad Company in Wyoming,
Utah, Idaho and Oregon, and was finally
offered the superintendency of a division of the
passenger coach repair shop. This, however,
was refused, and after returning to Nebraska to
be married in October of 1884 he came to
California and settled in Elsinor, Riverside
county, being one of the pioneers of that town.
He here found a good field for the exercise of
his trade and at the same time he bought sixty-
one acres of land which he improved and upon
which he lived for four years and two months.
The boom which promised such a brilliant
future was destined to end in disaster, and, thor-
oughly disenchanted, Mr. Smith removed to
Santa Ana and engaged in farming and con-
tracting for fifteen months. He then settled in
Los Angeles and contracted and built and
farmed for a couple of years, and also spent
seven years at Gardena. In November of 1899
he located at Long Reach and began to build

and contract, since which time some of the fin-
est residences and most substantial public build-
ings have gone up under his capable direction.
Among his most ambitious efforts may be men-
tioned the residences of J. M. Arnold, AHce
Howell, Professor Frews, D. j\I. Brewer, Miss
E. F. Burgess, the Evans home and Mrs. N. T.
Waldron's rooming house.

In Nebraska Mr. Smith married Jennie E.
Edson, a native of La Porte, Ind., and a teacher
for several years in Indiana and Nebraska. Two
children have been born of this union, Arthur
Ernest and Welcome B. Mr. Smith is frater-
nally connected with Long Beach Lodge No.
327, F. & A. M., with the Knights of the Mac-
cabees, the Modern Woodmen of the World,
and the Independent Order of Good Templars.

REV. A. MOSS MERWIN, A. J\I. Signifi-
cant of Mr. Merwin's patriotic ancestry is the
fact that he is a member of the California chap-
ters of the Society of Colonial Wars (in which
he is chaplain), the Sons of Colonial Governors,
and the Sons of the Revolution. Among his
forefathers was Hon. Robert Treat, a colonial
governor of Connecticut, a fearless Indian
fighter and a hero in many a battle with the sav-
ages. Another ancestor, Col. Timothy Taylor,
was a leading officer of the Revolutionary war,
leading a Connecticut regiment of volunteers
through many a closely contested engagement.
Rev. Samuel Merwin (the grandfather), who
traced his lineage to one of three brothers who
emigrated from England to America and set-
tled at Merwin Point near New Haven, was for
more than fifty years pastor of the North Con-
gregational Church of New Haven. His son,
Timothy T. Merwin, was born in that city and
after graduating from Yale took up the study
of law, but later became a member of the brok-
erage firm of Merwin & Gould, of Wall street.
New York. When a young man he married
Hannah B. White, who was born near Danbury,
Conn., and died in that state. Her ancestry,
like that of the Merwins, was English, going
back to the early settlement of Connecticut.
Her father. Col. E. Moss White, a farmer
and extensive merchant, gained distinction
through his capable service as an officer in tlie
war of 1812. One of the members of the family
took an active part in the founding of Yale Col-
lege, and it was at his home that .a few public-
spirited men gathered to organize an educa-
tional institution and select the text books to
be used in the curriculum of study. In that un-
ostentatious way was founded an institution
destined to become one of the .greatest in the
world.

The family of Timothy T. and Hannah B.
Merwin consisted of three children, namely:
Augustus W., who became a manufacturer and
died in Wilton, Conn.: Marv A., of Brooklvn, N.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Y. ; and Alexander Moss, of Pasadena, Cal. Tlie
last-named was born in Norwalk, Conn., Sep-
tember 3, 1839, and was reared in New York
City and Brooklyn. In 1863 he received the
degree of A. B. upon graduating from Williams
College and in 1866 was given the degree of
A. M. from the same institution, while a few
years later Yale College conferred the same
degree upon him. On leaving Williams Col-
lege he matriculated in Princeton Theological
Seminary, where he prosecuted the study of
theology, graduating in 1866 with the degree
of B. D. The ceremony of ordination was sol-
emnized at Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, where he
had attended a boarding school near the home
of Nathaniel P. Willis, who had been a class-
mate of his father. While there he and his
friend, E. P. Roe, were converted and decided
to study for the ministry.

Immediately after his graduation Mr. Merwin
went to \^alparaiso, Chile, where for a time he
served as supply preacher to a large English
congregation. Aleantime he studied Spanish,
and at the end of a year was able to preach his
first sermon in that language in Santiago, where
he helped to organize the first Spanish Protest-
ant congregation in Chile, and a year later also
established the first in Valparaiso. During his
ministry of almost nineteen years he started
many missions, organized the first orphan asy-
lum in Chile, and acted as editor of the first
Spanish Protestant religious periodical in the
country. With the exception of Rev. Mr. Gil-
bert, he was the first missionary in Santiago. At
first bigotry and fanaticism opposed the work of
the Protestants and culminated in the burning
of theirchurchproperty.but as the natives began
to understand them better, the work of the
Protestants became successful and they were
highly respected. During all of these nineteen
years Mr. Merwin returned to the United States
only three times. In 1885 he brought his fam-
ily back to this country and spent six months
in Florida, but in 1886 came to California, where
for six months he filled the pulpit of the Santa
Barbara Presbyterian Church. The next year
he came to Pasadena, where he has since la-
bored as a minister among the Spanish people,
and has organized Presbyterian churches at Al-
hambra, Lamanda Park and South Pasadena,
besides which he is now connected with the
Spanish churches at Azusa, San Gabriel and
Los Angeles, also the Girls' Home and School
in Los Angeles.

With the aid of two helpers, who are of Span-
ish descent, work is carried on in several other
places. Mr. Merwin has published a number of
tracts in the Spanish language, and has also
secured the transhtion into Spanish of differ-
ent religious English works.

Among the local activities with which Mr.
Merwin is identified nia\- lie mentioned the Twi-

light Club, which he assisted in organizing and
of which he has been president for six years.
Ever since the organization of the South Pasa-
dena public library he has officiated as its presi-
dent. His home is a five-acre orange grove on
South Fair Oaks avenue, where hours of leis-
ure are happily spent in the society of family
and friends, and in the supervision of his citrus
interests. His wife was formerly Elizabeth
Burnliam, of Manchester, Vt., member of a
very old family of New England and a graduate
of the Montpelier Ladies' Seminary. They are
the parents of two children now living, Mary A.
and William B., and have lost three: Arthur.
Elizabeth and Grace, who died at the ages of
three, five and thirteen years respectively' The
Chilean climate proved very unhealthful for his
family, and it was with the hope that a change
might be beneficial to them that Mr. Merwin
relinquished the labors into which so much of
his life had been put. It has since been a source
of no small gratification to him that the seed
sown by him in Chile has since been cultivated
by faithful workers and is now bearing fruit in
the upbuilding of churches and the conversion
of many souls.

A. F. MESERVE, manager of the La Pinto-
resca Hotel at Pasadena, is one of the few verv
successful men in his line on the coast, and
holds a justly responsible position. In thus
directing his efforts into useful and creditable
channels he is maintaining a precedent estab-
lished by an enviable ancestry, many of whom
attained to prominence and even distinction,
and who claim as their most remotely authentic
forefather Jean Mesesservy, who resided in the
parish of St. Martin's, Isle of Jersey. The
American branch of the family was first located
in New Hampshire, and the'Meserve farm of
fourteen hundred and sixtv acres on the Isle of
Jersey testifies to the thrift and English enter-
prise of the first settlers.

A native of Jackson, N. H., Mr. Meserve was
born January 26. 1863. his father, John P., and
his grandfather. Colonel Jonathan, being natives
of the same locality. The grandfather \vas one
of the first settlers and largest landowners
around Jackson, and won. his title through con-
necripn with the New Hampshire regiment of
militia. John Meserve was a farmer during his
active life, and in politics a stanch adherent of
Democratic principles. He died on the farm
which he had done so much to improve, but was
survived by his wife, who was formerlv Louise
Rogers, daughter of John Rogers, one of the
pioneer farmers of thevicinity of Jackson. N. H.
The Rogers family was also a verv old one, and
was presumably of English origin. Mrs. Me-
serve is still living at the old home near Jack-
son, and of her six children three are living.
A. F. being the youngest of all.

982

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

A. F. Meserve was educated in the public
schools of Jackson. N. H., and at Eastman's
Business College at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. After
his graduation from the latter institution he was
immediately ushered into the business of which
he has made so thorough a study, and came
under the training of that veteran and thor-
oughly superior hotel man. General XVent-
worth. For many summers he was cashier of
Wentworth Hall, and during the winter seasons
was identified with various hotels, among the
number being the Pineywoods Hotel at Thom-
asville, Ga., and the old Raymond, of Pasadena,
of which he was steward four seasons, or until
it burned to the ground. April 14, 1895. During
one season Mr. Meserve was connected with
the Frontenac attheThousand Islands, St. Law-
rence river, and for four months, during 1895-6.
he made an extensive tour through Europe.
In November, 1897, he came to Pasadena as
cashier of the hotel with which he is now con-
nected as manager, the latter position having
been assumed in igoi. The La Pintoresca is
one of the well equipped and palatial hotels of
the city, and the genial and tactful manager
enjoys the confidence and good will of all with
whom he comes in contact.

In Bartlett, N. H., Mr. Meserve married
Alice Chandler, and thus became allied with
another old and prominent New Hampshire
family, who had contributed their share to-
wards the upbuilding of pioneer days. To Mr.
and Mrs. Meserve have been born two children,
Marion and Norman Albert. Mr. Meserve is
a Republican in political preference, but aside
from the formality of casting his vote, has never
entered the arena of office-seeking. While in
Jackson, N. H., he was for a time superintend-
ent of public schools. Mrs. Meserve is a mem-
ber of the Congregational Church.

WILLIAM L. NEWLIN, M. D. In point of
years of continuous practice Dr. Newlin is the
oldest physician now in Whittier, being the only
practitioner left of those who were engaged in
professional work on his arrival in 1895. Dur-
ing the years of his identification with the pro-
fessional activities of the city he has become
known through his careful diagnosis of disease
and his skillful prescription of remedial agen-
cies applicable to the case in question. While
he has not accumulated a fortune, he has met
with r>n encouraging degree of success and es-
tablished a practice that is steadilv increasing.

In Paoli, Orange county, Ind., Dr. Newlin
was born October 4. 1843. His father, Thomas.
who was of Irish parentage, was a native of
North Carolina, and about 1820 removed to
Indiana, buying land in Orange county. From
there he removed to Kokomo. Howard county,
Ind., wherp his death occurred at ninety years
of age. When a boy he was given advantage;

exceptionally good for those days and the
knowledge thus acquired he utilized in teaching
school and in work as a civil engineer, but
later in life agriculture formed his prin-
cipal occupation. Upon the disintegration ot
the Whig party he allied himself with the Re-
publicans, whose original principles he assisted
in rendering popular. In religion he was iden-
tified with the Society of Friends, whose peace-
ful doctrines he exemplified in his quiet and
upright life. By his marriage to Candice Love,
who was born in North Carolina, of Scotch
extraction, he had twelve children, all of whom
attained mature years and five are now living.

Until thirteen years of age William L. Newlin
remained on the home farm in Orange county,
but at that time moved with the family to the
vicinity of Kokomo, Ind., where he was edu-
cated in public and normal schools. At the age
of twenty he began to teach, which occupa-
tion he followed for five years, not, however,
with the intention of making it his life work,
but with the object of securing needed funds for
professional studies. For three years he read
medicine with Dr. Pickett of New London, Ind..
after which he took the regular course of lec-
tures in the Eclectic Medical College of Cincin-
nati, from which he was graduated in the sprmg
of 1872. Returning to New London lie there
gained his first practical experience in profes-
sional work. In 1884 he removed to Eudora,
Kans., vi'here the ensuing eleven years were
spent in active practice, and in September, 1895.
he opened an office in Whittier, his present lo-
cation. While in Eudora he was made a Mason,
in which order he is still actively interested,
and he is also connected with the .\ncient Order
of United Workmen. As a Republican he has
been interested and active in local party affairs,
while in religion he is a Congregationalist and
serves his church in the office of deacon.

The marriage of Dr. Newlin in 1868 united
him with Miss Viola A. Wickersham, of New
London, Ind. They have three sons, namely:
Lester C, an officer on a sailing vessel: Carl
E., who is assistant superintendent of the
Scranton School of Correspondence at Oak-
land, Cal.: and Ross L., who is employed as
salesman for the Armour Packing Company in
San Francisco.

PETER LALLICH. Austria is the native
land of Mr. Lallich, and his parents, George
and Mary (Marich) Lallich, were likewise na-
tives of that country, the former holding a posi-
tion similar to that of mayor and continuing to
be prominent in local affairs until his death in
1898. In the family of six sons and three daugh-
ters, the seventh in order of birth was Peter,
born January 10, i860. No pleasures fell toJiis
lot when a boy, but poverty and toil early
stamped their deep impress upon his soul

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

985

While he was still a mere child he left home
and entered upon a seafaring life, being for six
years employed on sailing vessels and steam-
boats. The course of his voyages led him to
South America, where he remained for seven
years in the employ of an English syndicate.
Leaving there he sailed on a ship to Pensacola,
Fla., and from there came to California.

When Mr. Lallich arrived in this state April
15, 1888, he came at once to Gardena, where
he has since made his home. His first purchase
was large, embracing two hundred acres, but
subsequent years of drought led him to sell
much of the property, and his possessions are
now limited to twenty acres. The land is under
cultivation to barley and small fruits, princi-
pally strawberries, and is further improved by
two wells. In connection with his other enter-
prises, he conducts a dairy on the farm, and is
building up an excellent trade in this line. In
religion he adheres to the Roman Catholic
faith, in which he was reared. Fraternally he is
connected with the Independent Order of For-
esters and the Ancient Order of United Work-
men. After coming to Los Angeles county he
established domestic ties, his marriage in Wil-
mington uniting him with Miss Frances Ra-
gusa, daughter of G. B, Ragusa, a native Cali-
fornian. They are the parents of four children,
Mary, Louise, George and John, all at home.

JOHN H. C. VON DER LOHE. Rosedale,
which has a reputation as the most ideally beau-
tiful city of the dead in Southern California,
has, in the demand created by its vast possi-
bilities, inspired a most loyal and fine devotion
in its present superintendent, Mr. Von Der
Lohe. A native of Germany, whence have come
the greatest masters of landscape gardening in
the world, he was born in Soltau, Hanover,
October 27, 1865, and is descended from a
titled family of ancient lineage, an authentic
record of which has been kept for at least six
hundred years. His father, Henry J., and his
mother, Magdalene (Brooks) Von Der Lohe,
were also natives of Soltau, and the former was
a farmer up to the time of his death in 1870,
his wife surviving him until 1880. There were
five sons in the family, viz.: Henry, who is a
farmer near Bertrand, Neb.; William, who is
also a farmer in Nebraska; J. H. C, our sub-
ject; H. P. D., who was a cement contractor in
Los Angeles, but who returned to Johannes-
burg, South Africa, where he was formerly em-
ployed by Oom Paul Kruger in building the
Boer fortifications; and Frederick, who is em-
ployed by his brother, J. H. C.

In his native city of Soltau Mr. Von Der
Lohe received a practical education in the pub-
lic schools, and in 1881 came to America where,
in Otoe county. Neb., he found employment on
a farm until 1883. In the fall of the same year

he came to Los Angeles in the employ of the
Stengel Nursery Company, with which he re-
mained until the opening of Rosedale in 1884.
He then became assistant superintendent of the
new enterprise, his uncle, John Vorwerk, being
superintendent. The selection of I\Ir. Vorwerk
for the laying out of the grounds and the gen-
eral development of Rosedale was a happily
conceived idea on the part of the -management,
for no more capable appreciator of the art of
landscape gardening ever came to the west. He
was a horticulturist, agriculturist, and floricul-
turist, and a graduate of that famous institu-
tion, the Heidelberg Agricultural College.
Under the guidance of this experienced teacher
Mr. Von Der Lohe worked unceasingly for the
improvement of Rosedale, and upon the death
of his uncle in 1894 he naturally assumed the
responsible position maintained with so much
dignity and satisfaction by the older man.

The ground upon which Rosedale is located
was homesteaded in 1875 and laid out, but
nothing definite was accomplished towards mak-
ing it a practical enterprise before 1884. The
management then bought seventy acres of land
for $25,000, and added to this by a later pur-
chase of nine acres, for which they paid $9,000.
Of the eighty acres one-half is laid out and all
is enclosed, and the wealth of flora, enchanting
drives, shadowy nooks, and the highest art of
the sculptor, are interwoven in one harmonious
whole. In i8g8 the management bought one
hundred and forty acres of land three miles
west of Rosedale, which also has been im-
proved, and in time will equal if not rival its
predecessor. To the care of both cemeteries
Mr. Von Der Lohe devotes his entire time, and
his interest is increased from the fact that he
owns stock in both places. He is also inter-
ested in mining to some extent, and is the
owner of a ranch of one hundred and si.xty acres
at Beaumont.

In Los Angeles Mr. Von Der Lohe married
Amanda G. H. Warncke, who died January i,
1896, and who also was a native of Germany,
and born in Elmson, Holstein. Of this union
there were three children, William, Alma, and
.\rnold. The second marriage of Mr. \'^on Der
Lohe also occurred in Los Angeles, and was
with Bertha G. D. Warncke, also a native of
Holstein, Germany. Mr. Von Der Lohe is
popular and widely known fraternally, and is
associated with the Ancient Order of United
Workmen, the Woodmen of the World, the
Fraternal Brotherhood, the Modern Woodmen,
and the Maccabees. .A Republican in national
politics, he has actively supported the best in-
terests of his chosen party, and has held posi-
tions of trust and responsibility. He is a
member of the German Methodist Episcopal
Church, and is one of the board of directors.
Mr. Von Der Lohe has a large acquaintance

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

in Los Angeles and vicinity, and his valuable
services in behalf of that portion of the city's
welfare which is especially under his supervision,
has met with appreciation from all classes.

NEWEL HARRIS MITCHELL. A pio-
neer of 1863 in California, Mr. Mitchell was
born in Columbus, Ohio, December 10, 1843,
and is a son of James L. and Harriet Newel
(Harris) Mitchell. His paternal grandfather,
Sylvanus Mitchell, who was of Scotch descent,
served during the war of 181 2 and later became
a pioneer farmer of Granville, Ohio. The
founder of the family in this country was his
father, who crossed the ocean to Massachusetts
and afterward served his adopted country dur-
ing the trying period of the Revolution. From
this ancestor later generations inherited the
Scotch thrift, uprightness and high principles
of honor. For many years James L. Mitchell
conducted a store in Columbus and built up a
wholesale trade that extended far into the south.
It was the custom in those days to sell on credit
far more than is done to-day, and when the Civil-
war disrupted the nation and overwhelmed the
southerners with financial misfortunes his
losses proved so heavy that he practically lost
the accumulations of a lifetime of toil. The lat-
ter years of his life were passed in Granville;
his wife died in the same town April 27, 1898,
at the age of eighty-two years. She was a
daughter of Rev. Timothy Harris; who was
born in Williamstown, Mass., March 15, 1781.
and received a collegiate education, afterward
being ordained to the Congregational ministry.
Removing to Ohio in 1808 he engaged in home
missionary work there, building up congrega-
tions and preaching the Gospel in remote fron-
tier settlements. A helpful Christian life
passed into the grave when he entered into rest
March 28, 1822, while still in the prime of man-
hood.

In a family of three sons and three daughters,
of whom two sons and two daughters are liv-
ing, Newel Harris Mitchell w-as the third child,
and he alone of all the children came to the
western coast. His primary education was ob-
tained in Columbus schools, after which he
studied in Denison University at Granville,
Ohio, among his classmates in that institution
being Judge Harmon. Leaving college in 1863,
he started across the plains for California, start-
ing from Granville March 22 and arriving in
San Francisco July 31, via the Platte, Salt Lake,
Reese river, Wellington Station, Virginia City
and South Pass. Prospects were not very en-
couraging for the young fortune-seeker, who
arrived in the far western port without even a
penny. However, youth and energy form a
valuable capital, and both of these he possessed,
hence his penniless condition did not discourage
him in the least. On a sheep ranch in Alameda

county owned by his cousin, William Knox, he
first secured employment, after which he was
employed in a livery at San Leandro.

During 1868 Mr. Alitchell came to Southern
California. After a year as a farmer and stock-
raiser he built a barn on Center street, Ana-
heim, and opened the first livery business in
Orange county. In 1870 he was elected the first
city assessor on the incorporation of the town.
During his business life he has met with several
heavy losses through fire. In 1901 his livery
barn was burned to the ground. He also lost
by fire the Planters' Hotel in Anaheim, which
he built, and of which he was proprietor. After
its destruction he leased the Del Campo and
conducted it for three years. In 1894 he bought
the Balmoral of Pasadena, a three-story build-
ing, 75x120 feet, which he has since conducted
under the name of Hotel Mitchell. During his
residence in Anaheim he was one of its leading
citizens and aided in the organization of various
important local enterprises. He was interested
in starting the Orange county fair and in laying
out the fair grounds at Santa Ana. Some of the
horses that he raised received premiums at
these fairs ;indeed. he was known all throughthe
county for the high grade of his stock. As a
committee worker he did much to advance Re-
publican interests in Orange county, and he
was also active in the lodge of Odd Fellows at
Anaheim. His marriage in San Bernardino
united him with Harriet jMelsheimer, member
of a prominent family of Berlin, Germany. They
have two children. \Mllis S. and Blanche, both
of whom are talented musicians. The son was a
member of the Seventh California Infantry dur-
ing the Spanish-American war and is now a
practicing attorney of San Francisco.

Patriotism is one of Mr. jNIitchell's prominent
traits of character and the same love of actioi:
and desire to serv^e his country which led his
son to offer his sers'ices at the time of the war
with Spain impelled him to enlist in the Union
army when President Lincoln issued his first
call for volunteers. He became a member of
Company I, Twenty-first Ohio Infantry, and
served during the summer of 1861. being hon-
orably discharged with his regiment at the ex-
piration of his time. This spirit of patriotism has
made him a loyal citizen of California. Indeed,
no one is more interested than he in the state's
progress. The old days of the '60s he recalls
with pleasure, contrasting the appearance ot
California at that time with the improvements
of the present day, and he revives old memories
when associated with the members of the Los
Angeles Society of Pioneers and the Southern
California Historical Society, to both of which
he belongs. In an early day he founded the
Anaheim and Wilmington stage line, and Prof.
J. M. Guinn was one of the men who
arrived in Los Angeles on his stage. With the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

987

building of the railroad from Los Angeles to
Anaheim in 1875 it was no longer profitable to
run the stage, which was therefore discontin-
ued. One of his recollections of other clays is
that of conveying Helen Hunt Jackson over
parts of Southern California when she was here
in order to secure material for Ramona, and the
carriage in which she rode at that time was to
be seen January i, 1902, covered with roses,
and one of the chief attractions of the Pasadena
tournament of roses.

cil in Pasadena and Al Malakiah Temple, N. M.
S., of Los Angeles.

LEONARD PERRIN. In the list of bank-
ing institutions whose conservative records have
given prestige to the financial standing of
Southern California due mention belongs to the
Pasadena National Bank. At the time of its
establishment, in 1886, Pasadena had but one
bank, hence its organization filled a need on
the part of business men. During the years
that have since elapsed it has maintained a
record for careful investments, safe loans and
the greatest precaution to conserve the financial
welfare of depositors. In 1900 Mr. Perrin be-
came president of the bank, which under his
leadership has retained its high position in the
confidence of the public.

The name of Perrin indicates that the an-
cestry is French. However, several generations
have been residents of America, the grandfather
of Mr. Perrin of Pasadena having been a citizen
of Rochester, N. Y., where the father, Leonard,
Sr., was born and reared. Removing to Lon-
don, Canada, the latter there reared his family
of eight children, all of whom are still living.
Leonard, who was third in order of birth, was
born in London, Canada, August 24, 1828, and
in boyhood learned the occupation of a phar-
macist, later was employed in a grain business.
In 1864 he came to the United States, where
his first home was in Waupaca, Wis., and in that
town he acquired important and remunerative
lumber interests. Subsequently he became in-
terested in the banking business in New Lon-
don, Wis. In 1894 he came from Oshkosh,
Wis., to Pasadena, Cal., intending to spend the
afternoon of life in leisure, but, after a few
years of recreation, his fondness for commer-
cial and financial activities reasserted itself, and
he allied himself with one of the foremost banks
of Pasadena. In this bank his only son, Leon-
ard, is a clerk.

During his active business career Mr. Perrin
has had little leisure for participation in public
affairs, even had his tastes inclined him toward
politics. Besides voting for Republican candi-
dates he takes no part in municipal matters. His
connection with Masonry began during his resi-
dence in New London, Wis., where he was
initiated in the blue lodge. At this writing he
is a member of Pasadena Lodge No. 272, F. &
A. M., also the chapter, commandery and coun-

EATON T. SAMS. No member of the com-
munity of Pasadena is more unselfishly devoted
to the promotion of all that is high in character
and attainment than Eaton T. Sams, general
secretary of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation; nor does any reach so large a number
of people from so admirable a vantage ground.
With a splendidly vital energy he enters heart
and soul into the lives of the members of this
organization in Pasadena, which, from a com-
paratively small branch, has now reached a
membership of nearly four hundred. The gen-
eral equipments are of a superior order, the
gymnasium and baths being excellent features.
Those who have allied themselves with this
noble work have every advantage accorded
members in older and larger centers of activity.

To the prosecution of the duties of his pres-
ent position Mr. Sams brings a wide business
experience and a keen knowledge of men and
affairs. His example is therefore not that of a
visionary, but of a capable, enterprising and
practical man, in touch with the temptations
and possibilities of average human nature. He
comes of rugged English ancestry, and was
born at Hillsboro, Ohio, September 2, 1863.
His grandfather, Professor Isaac Sams, one of
the foremost educators of his time in the east,
was born in Bath, England, in 1788. He
brought his family to America in the early part
of the nineteenth century and in 1824 founded
Rock Hill Academy at Elliott Mills (now Elliott
City), Md., of which he was president for many
years. In 1835 he sold his school interests in
Maryland for a large farm near Hillsboro, High-
land county, Ohio, which he improved, and
upon which he lived up to the time of his death
in 1880, at the age of ninety-one. Neverthe-
less, while ostensibly an agriculturist, he did
not rehnquish educational work until after his
seventy-fifth year, and during his long career
as an educator had under his tuition many of
the boys afterward the most noted in the United
States. His last charge was a private school at
Hillsboro, maintained in connection with the
management of his farm. Politically he was an
abolitionist and Republican. He was the
founder of an Episcopal church at Hillsboro, of
which he was senior warden for twenty-
five years. His name is enrolled among the
most superior trainers of intellect of his day
and generation, his methods being in advance
of many of his contemporaries.

The father of Eaton T. Sams was for fortv
years a pharmacist, having at the age of four-
teen entered the drug store of Rushton & As-
pinwall in New York City. So well did he suc-
ceed in his chosen occupation that at the age
of twenty-two years he became a partner in the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

concern, and was thus interested until fading
health enacted a change of occupation and sur-
roundings. He therefore removed to Hillsboro,
Ohio, in 1838 and while living on the paternal
farm became prominent in general affairs of
his locality. During the Civil war he became
internal revenue collector of Ohio, his term of
service extending from 1864 until 1868. Dur-
ing the latter year he removed to Tiffin. Ohio,
and engaged in the drug business, which was
disposed of in 1875, i\Ir. Sams thereafter living
a retired life until his death in 1893 at the age
of seventy-nine years. He was a Republican in
politics, and, like his father, a member of the
Episcopal Church. In 1849 he married Mar-
ianne Stuart, a native of Greenwich, England,
and daughter of James Brown Stuart, a coun-
try gentleman who traced his descent to Prince
Charles Henry Stuart. Mrs. Sams was .a woman
of broad culture and among other accomplish-
ments spoke four languages. Her death oc-
curred in Tiffin, Ohio. She was the mother of
eight children, seven attaining maturity, and six
are living, Eaton T. being the youngest.

From his seventh y^ar Mr. Sams was reared
in Tiffin and his education was due solely to
the training of his gifted mother. While still
a student he engaged as a clerk at the age of
sixteen in a queensware store, and in time had
charge of the tea and coffee department. When
twenty-four years of age he became a member
of the grocery firm of Unger & Sams at Tifftn,
and in connection therewith filled the positions
of bookkeeper and manager of the tea and cof-
fee department. From 1886 until 1892 the firm
maintained a large business in Tiffin and Mr.
Sams was especially successful also as a raiser
of fine poultry. He had a very pleasant home
upon fifteen acres of land, and beginning with
1881 worked up a large and profitable business
as a breeder of first-class fowls. He had from
three hundred to five hundred of the finest stock
on the market, and took prizes in all the prin-
cipal towns of the state. He .also shipped stock
and eggs west to Denver and east to the Atlan-
tic, and had all manner of appliances, including
incubators and brooders, for the successful car-
rying on of his business. He disposed of his
grocery business in 1892. and his chicken busi-
ness in 1895, at which time his health was much
impaired and a change seemed an imperative
necessity.

Upon removing to the west in 1895 Mr. Sams
lived for nine months at Riverside and located
in Pasadena September 15, 1896. In December
of the same year he engaged in the real estate
business on East Colorado street, removing his
headquarters later to South Raymond avenue.
As in Ohio, his business energy and ability
found ready recognition and he soon had a
large real estate and insurance patronage. This
enterprise was disposed of to McNally & Son

in the fail of 1901. While yet a youth he became
interested in the work of the Young Men's
Christian Association in Ohio, and upon com-
ing to Pasadena his enthusiasm was by no
means diminished. So keenly did he make his
influence for good felt that in 1897 he w^as ap-
pointed one of the board of trustees, and in
1899 became president of the board. November
I, 1901, he was made general secretary of the
Pasadena Association. Mr. Sams is a member of
the Pasadena Board of Trade, of wdiich he was
for two years a director, and he is in political
affiliation a Republican, having maintained a
lively injterest in the new city charter fight. As a
member of the Episcopal Church lie has held
every office in that denomination, and while in
Ohio was for years superintendent of the Sun-
day School. He enjoys the universal respect
and good will of the community, and no one
more than he has promoted the moral growth
of the citv.

GEORGE DANIEL SNYDER. The gen-
ealogy of the Snyder family in America is traced
to George W. Snyder, a native of Holland, who
accompanied his parents to America shortly be-
fore the Revolution and settled with them in
New Jersey, later, however, removing to Sen-
eca county, N. Y. During the war with Eng-
land he served as a scout under General Wash-
ington and experienced many hardships and
dangers. Three times he was captured by the
Indians, but fortunately each time was res-
cued or made his escape. Once the soldiers
opportunely arrived just as he had been tied to
a stake at which a fire was being kindled.
When the exciting experiences of war were
over, he resumed the quiet life of a farmer, and
the remainder of his ninety-four years of life
was happily and peacefully passed in the midst
of the scenes of his boyhood in Seneca county.

Porter Snyder, son of George W. Snyder,
was born in Seneca county and there engaged
in farming, but while still young removed to
Calhoun county, Mich., and improved farms out
of raw land, also engaged in the building busi-
ness at Marshall. For one temi he was sheriff
of Calhoun county. At the time of his death
he was sixty-two years of age. After the death
of his first wife (by whom he had two sons now
living) he married Sarah Jane Eddy, who was
born in Calhoun county, Mich., and is still living
at Marshall. Her father, Daniel Eddy, went
from New York to Michigan and became one of
the very earliest settlers of Calhoun county,
where he acquired extensive farm lands. In the
family of Porter and Sarah Jane Snyder there
were three sons and one daughter. Two of the
sons, George Daniel and W. P., are contractors
in Ocean Park, Cal.

Near Marshall, Mich., George D. Snyder was
bom April 12, 1859. In boyhood he learned

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the carpenter's trade, and after 1879 learned the
machinist's trade in the Michigan Central Rail-
road shops at Jackson, Mich. Later he fol-
lowed millwrighting until 1886, when he came
to California. Entering the employ of the
Southern California road as foreman of their
building department, he took charge of repair
work and the erection of buildings. Later he
was made storekeeper for the track, bridge and
building department, with headquarters in San
Bernardino. However, much of his time was
spent on the road between Barstow and San
Diego. After the strike in 1894 he resigned
and removed to Los Angeles to take up general
contracting. From there in 1899 he came to
Ocean Park (South Santa Monica), where he
has since engaged in contracting and building.
He has erected over one hundred cottages here,
forty-five of these having been built in 1901.
During that year he qlso erected, in twenty-four
days, the Holborow hotel, a $10,000 job, clos-
ing the work with forty-eight men under him
the last week. The rapidity with which the
work was completed attracted general com-
ment, and it is said the record he made at that
time has not been surpassed, for a building of
the same size. He owns three houses on Hill
street and has other property interests in Ocean
Park. The fact that he is not only a competent
builder, but also a practical machinist and mill-
wright makes his presence in a community of
value, and his skill in these various Hues is be-
ing constantly utilized. Frequently he is called
to Los Angeles and other places to put up
houses and public buildings, and many of these
are from plans of his own drawing, for he is
an architect in addition to a contractor and
builder. While in San Bemardino at one time
he met with a very serious accident and, indeed,
was left for dead, but his excellent constitution
enabled him to withstand the effects of the ac-
cident, although a sufferer for ten weeks.

In Jackson, Mich., Mr. Snyder married Jennie
C. Keeler, who was born in Racine, Wis. They
have two children. Alma and Clyde. Mrs. Sny-
der is a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church and the family attend its various serv-
ices. Fraternally Mr. Snyder is connected with
the Maccabees, the Mystic Circle, Ancient Or-
der of United Workmen and Independent Or-
der of Odd Fellows. In the Santa Monica
Board of Trade he is a member of the execu-
tive committee. Although his father was a
Democrat, he imbibed Republican principles in
his youth and his first ballot was in support of
Republican men and measures. This seems
natural, when it is known that his first vote was
cast within a stone's throw of the old oak at
Jackson, Mich., under whose wide-spreading
boughs the Republican party was organized.
His interest in politics has been manifest in
every community where he has made his home

and at Ocean Park, his home town, lie has
served as a member of the city central commit-
tee, and as a delegate to various conventions.

GEORGE E. PLATT. That a scientifically
conducted grade dairy is not only a congenial
source of occupation but is as well a paying-
investment, has been practically demonstrated
by George E. Piatt, the representative dairyman
of Los Angeles, and the possessor of what is
generally conceded to be one of the finest dairies
in the world.

A resume of the career of Mr. Piatt strength-
ens the impression conveyed by his success, that
he is a man whom early good fortune passed by
and left to work out his own unaided destiny.
He was born in Waterbury, Conn., December
17, 1861, and comes of English ancestry, the
emigrating members of which settled in Rhode
Island. The paternal grandfather, Enoch, who
was born in Rhode Island, was a brass moulder
for the Ansonia Copper Company, and was a
soldier in the war of 181 2. Sylvester H. Piatt,
the father of George E., was born in Cheshire,
Conn., and like his father was a brass moulder,
plying his occupation first in Waterbury, and
spending many years in the employ of the An-
sonia Copper Company. A soldier also like his
father, he fought for the cause of the Union
during the Civil war, and is now living in An-
sonia. He married JuHa L. Hazzard, a native
of Rhode Island, and a daughter of William H.
Hazzard, the latter of whom was born in Rhode
Island and was of English descent. Mrs. Piatt,
who died in Connecticut, was the mother of
two sons and two daughters, three of whom are
living, George E. being the youngest. A
daughter. Airs. Webber, is a resident of Los
Angeles, and a son, Dr. B. C. Piatt, lives in
Philadelphia.

In the quaint old town of Sufiield, on the
Connecticut and Massachusetts line, Mr. Piatt
received his education in the public schools, and
his first insight into the dairy business was
acquired at Aguam, on an old New England
farm. In 1881 he came to California and lo-
cated on a farm in Sonoma county, where he
engaged as butter maker, and, beginning in
August of 1882, engaged for a year in horti-
culture at Sierra Madre. A later occupation
was as an employe of the commission house of
I. C. Gofif & Co., whose stock business he man-
aged, but which he relinquished in 1884 to start
in an independent stock business. At the same
time he formulated embryonic plans for future
extensive dairy operations, and during the next
three years bought and sold cr\-er one thousand
cows in partnership with Piatt & Co. After
the dissolution of this arrangement he located
on East First street and inaugurated a whole-
sale dairy, and began building on a large scale,
his business being conducted under the name of

993

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the Enterprise dairy. In 1897 he purchased his
present property on Stephenson avenue, and
ahiiost immediately expended over $16,000 in
buildings alone. To supply his very large trade
four teams and wagons are required, over thirty
horses are in constant demand, and twelve hun-
dred families receive the best milk obtainable.

To facilitate his enterprise Mr. Piatt utilizes
a farm of eight hundred and ninety acres of
land, a portion of which is leased, and the re-
mainder is devoted to pasture, alfalfa and corn.
Vi\e hundred acres are under the irrigating
ditch, and for irrigating and stock there are two
steam boilers and engines, one with a capacity
of sixty gallons a minute, and the other with a
capacity of two hundred and twenty-five gallons
per minute. In the near future wells will be put
down and more water developed. The main
barn on the farm is 392x64 feet ground surface,
with a wing attachment 40x104 feet. Two hun-
dred cows may here be convenientlv housed and
fed, although the owner has about three hun-
dred cattle, two-thirds of which are milkers.
In the three silos six hundred tons of food may
be stored and two hundred tons of grain, and in
feeding Mr. Piatt uses balanced rations sup-
posed to give the most satisfactory results.
There are special buildings to cool the milk, in
which is a two-ton refrigerating machine.
Among his cattle Mr. Piatt has many fine Jer-
seys brought from the east, one hundred and
twenty-five of which are registered, and he has
five registered Jersey bulls, three of which are
imported. King ]\Iarigold being at the head. In
this ideal dairy retreat the utmost cleanliness
prevails, and a fine system lightens labor and
produces even and therefore expected results.

The substantial residence erected in Los
Angeles by Mr. Piatt is under the capable and
hospitable management of Mrs. Piatt, who was
formerly Miss Emma Belle Sturdy, a native of
McLean county. 111. Of this union there are
two children, Nellie Belle and Ethel Marion.
Mr. Piatt is a Republican in national affiliation,
but his time has been devoted rather to promot-
ing of dairy interests than to the seeking of
official recognition from a political standpoint.
He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce,
and is the treasurer and one of the organizers
of the Southern California Jersey Breeders' As-
sociation. He is also the treasurer of the South-
ern California Dairyman's Association, of which
he was one of the organizers, and the first vice-
])resident. He is fraternally associated with the
Maccabees, and is interested in several of the
social and other organizations in which Los
Angeles and vicinity abound. Mr. Piatt is a
man who maintains his inherited and cultivated
sterling New England worth, and in thus up-
holding in its best form one of the imperative
and cleanly enterprises of a great common-
wealth, he has won the appreciation of all who

feel a just pride in their honorable and com-
mercially strong citizens.

ABRAHAM H. VEJAR. The founder of
the Spanish family of \'ejar in California was
Salvador Vejar, who was born in Mexico and
came across the border to assist in the construc-
tion of some of the pioneer missions and public
buildings. Being a plasterer and builder he
was able to secure steady employment in the
erection of the primitive adobe structures then
in vogue. Pie was employed in the building of
San Gabriel Church, founded by the Mission
Fathers September 8, 1771, and he also worked
on the church in the plaza of Los Angeles. At
the time of his death he was quite aged, while
his wife, Josefo Lopez, died of smallpox when
one hundred and three years old. Both were
strong and active up to the last. Their chil-
dren were Magdalena, Pablo, Ricardo. Emilio,
Crisostomo, Lazaro, Francisco, Nazaria, Ra-
mona and Jose Manuel. Of these Ricardo was
born in San Diego, Cal., and at an early age
entered upon ranching pursuits, beginning with
only a few cattle and a small tract of land. By
wise judgment and great energy he gradually
accumulated thirteen thousand acres and hun-
dreds of cattle and horses. His residence stood
near the present site of the Phillips homestead,
and there, in addition to the adobe house, he
had two stores. The house stood for many
years and was a reminder of pioneer day's and
a mode of construction peculiar to those times.
Verandas were built around the house, both on
the first and second stories, and the stairs to
the second storj' were on the outside of the
building. One advantage the pioneers had over
the people of the twentieth century was the
abundance of water secured from the springs
at the foot of the hills. For this reason stock-
raising could be conducted easily and profitably.
The Indians in the neighborhood were friendly,
but they had trouble with the Indians that came
from over the mountains, and they often came
and stole their cattle. Wild animals abounded
but seldom troubled the settlers; on the con-
trary, they furnished provision for the larder in
days when other supplies were scarce.

The children of Ricardo and Maria (Soto)
Vejar were Maria, Pilar Francisco. Ramon,
Josefa, Antonio, Concepcion, Magdalena and
Ignacio. The second of the sons, Ramon, was
born in San Gabriel December 24, 1830. As his
share of the estate he received two hundred and
seventy acres, which he still owns. Ten acres
of the property are in vineyard, while a small
tract is in prunes, another in olives and oranges,
the balance being in barley. He is among the
largest land owners in Pomona valley. It has
been his aim to improve his property and make
of it a remunerative and substantial homestead.
That he has tastes for the beautiful is shown in

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

993

his care in laying out drives, walks and lawns,
and in planting fruits and flowers so as to secure
the most harmonious results. In this work of
developing an attractive homestead he has been
assisted by his wife, Teresa Palomares, member
of one of the pioneer Spanish families of this
region. They are the parents of the following
children: Jose, who married Vicenta Yorba;
Zoilo, deceased; Ricardo; Maximiliano; Fran-
cisco, husband of Francisca Yorba; Constancia,
who was married in 1889 to Prudencio S.
Yorba, of Yorba, Orange county, member of
one of California's pioneer Spanish families;
Ignacio; Estella; Ramon; Abraham, who was
born in Pomona and has always made his home
here, being recognized as one of the enterpris-
ing and capable young men of the valley; Caro-
lina, wife of Manuel S. Carrizosa; and Rigin-
aldo. The family are stanch adherents of the
Roman Catholic Church and generous contribu-
tors to its maintenance.

WILLIAM A. PENNEY. Where Nova
Scotia meets the Atlantic ocean lies the county
of Guysboro, with a rough and rugged coast
whose shores are washed by the ever-restless
waves. The port of Guysboro possesses a fine
harbor and is made the headquarters of fisher-
men and captains, fishing being the principal
industry of the region. Among the men en-
gaged in the coasting trade was Capt. Thomas
Penney, whose active life was devoted to this
work, but who now, at the age of seventy-four
years, enjoys the leisure merited by industry
and perseverance. His father was a sea cap-
tain, while his wife, Frances (McKough) Pen-
ney, was the daughter of a captain of Scotch
descent. Among their six children there are two
sons who lead seafaring lives. The youngest
of their children is W. A. Penney, of Ocean
Park, Cal. In the Nova Scotia town of Guys-
boro he was born March 17, 1865. From child-
hood he was accustomed to go to sea with his
father and at the age of fifteen began to make
fishing expeditions for himself. The life was
one of great peril, for storms are of frequent
occurrence on that bleak coast. Several times
he was cast away and once his boat was burned
to the water's edge, the life boats just reaching
him in time to prevent an untimely fate.

Abandoning the sea at twenty-one years of
age, in 1887 Mr. Penney came to California,
where for three years he farmed in Colusa
county. Next he served an apprenticeship to
the plumbing business under a brother. In
1895 he began to work at his trade for the Los
Angeles & Pacific Railroad Company between
Los Angeles and Santa Monica, and still later
served as inspector of the lateral sewers be-
tween Sixth and Seventh streets. On the com-
pletion of that work he turned his attention to
general plumbing. At the time of the opening

of Ocean Park he began contract plumbing
here, and since 1900 has been a member of the
iirm of Penney & Rogers, who have practically
all the plumbing in Ocean Park, besides doing
an important business in Santa Monica. They
have their headquarters at the corner of Lake
and Flill street and are doing a successful busi-
ness. Among other important contracts they
had charge of the plumbing for the Kinney and
Dudley water system. Mr. Penney and his
wife, formerly Ora Jeanes, who was born in
Alabama, have an attractive home at No. 1228
Third street. Ocean Park.

L. S. ROBERTS, proprietor of La Casa
Grande at Pasadena, one of the finest places of
the kind in Southern California, was born in
New York City in April, 1846. The remote
ancestry of the family was centered among the
sheltering hills of Wales, from whence emi-
grated the first American representative, who
presumably settled in Vermont. The famil}-
was enrolled among the martial hosts of Wash-
ington, and the paternal great-grandfather,
Christopher Roberts, was the third man to enter
Fort Ticonderoga after the surrender. The
paternal grandfather, Martin, was born in Ver-
mont; was a farmer on a large scale and a man
of affairs, and was major-general ot the \'er-
mont state militia.

Charles Roberts, the father of L. S.. was
born in Vermont in 1809, and as a young man
removed to New York City, where, for over
forty years, he was engaged in the building
material business in the old seventh ward on
the east side of the city. His last years were
spent in retirement in Brooklyn, N. Y., and his
death occurred while on a visit at Bellefonte,
Pa. He married Emma Sinclair, member of a
Quaker family of Ellicott City, Md., whose
father, John Sinclair, was an architect in Balti-
more. Mrs. Roberts, who died in Bellefonte,
Pa., was the mother of five children, three of
whom are living, L. S. being the youngest. One
of the sons, Charles, served during the Civil war
as a member of the signal corps, with the rank
of first lieutenant.

The education of L. S. Roberts was acquired
in the public schools of New York City, his
graduation at the grammar school being fol-
lowed by a three years' course at the Princeton
Preparatory School and a partial course at the
University of New York. Owing to ill health
he then engaged in educational work, first at
Logansport, Ind.. where he taught at the Acad-
emy for a year, and then at the Academy at
Bellefonte, Pa., where he taught until 1869.
He then started a private school at Glencove,
L. I., and maintained the same for a period of
four years, thereafter spending several years in
teaching and recreation. In 1882 Mr. Roberts
started his East Orange private school at

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Orange, N. J., aiul at the end of nine years dis-
posed of the same, locating in Pasadena in
1891. Since then he has been identified with
the Casa Grande, of which he made a distinct
success.

In Bellefonte, Pa., Mr. Roberts was united
with Maria J. Humes, a native of Bellefonte,
and of this union there have been born three
children: William Humes, prominent Mason
of Pasadena, a graduate of the Cooper Medical
College, of San Francisco, and one of the most
prominent and successful eye. ear, nose and
throat speciaHsts in Southern California; Rich-
ard S., vice president and director of the Pasa-
dena Hardware Company; and Elizabeth V.
Mr. Roberts is a member of the Pasadena Board
of Trade, and is in politics a Republican. He
is a member of the Presbvterian Church.

CAPT. WILLIAM C. ROBERTS. The
long service of William Chalmers Roberts
as captain of the police force of Los Angeles
was received with approval by the community,
and his retirement, August i. 1900, was accom-
panied by the sincere regret of all who had for
so many years rested in the security of his
ability to cope with the contending elements of
a large and cosmopolitan city. Upon the foun-
dation of a position requiring the greatest tact,
knowledge of human nature and common sense
he increasingly maintained a judgment in ac-
cord with his responsibility, and gained not only
the confidence but good will of all who were
associated with him in his effort to bring about
law and order. At times, as in the past, he is
still to be seen in the front ranks of the city's
disciplinarians, and he may be relied upon in
times of special stress, when the crowds tax
the control of the regular working force.

The oldest in a family of seven children. Cap-
tain Roberts was born near Dayton, Ohio, Sep-
tember 23, 1839. His father, James, was born
in Delaware. The paternal grandfather, also
named James, settled at an early day in Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, and died at the age of eighty-
seven years. James Roberts, Jr., was for many
years a school teacher in Ohio, and died in
Miamisburg, Montgomery county, in 1854,
while principal of the schools of that place. He
was a devoted member of the Presbyterian
Church. His wife, formerly Mary J. McClain,
was born near Carrollton, Ohio, a daughter of
James McClain, a native of Kentucky, and a
farmer and early settler in Ohio. James Mc-
Clain served his country in the war of 181 2,
and in later life removed to Schuyler county,
111., about 1852, where his death occurred at the
age of seventy-seven years. He married a Miss
Dodds daughter of Gen. William Dodds, of
Revolutionary fame, and whose son, Joseph
Dodds, was killed by the Indians. Mrs. Roberts
died in Illinois when about eighty years of age.

Her father was known as "Honest Old" Jimmy
McClain, and her grandfather, McClain, was
killed by the Indians when James McClain was
a babe in the early days of Kentucky. Of the
seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Roberts
three of the sons were old enough for army ser-
vice during the Civil war. Charles served in
the One Hundred and Fifty-first Illinois Volun-
teer Infantry, and died in 1899 in Macomb, 111.
He was a farmer in Schuyler county. 111.
Thomas enlisted in the Sixty-second Illinois
Volunteer Infantry, and was raised to the rank
of lieutenant, and is now a Presbyterian min-
ister in Oregon, Mo.; Edward resides in Ma-
comb, 111., where he is engaged in building and
contracting.

In 1856 Captain Roberts left his home in
Ohio, where he had been educated by his father,
and removed to Schuyler county, Illinois, where
he found plenty of work to do on his Grand-
father McClain's farm. At the time of his en-
listment in the Civil war, in August of 1861, he
had seventy-five cents to his name, yet this fact
did not dampen his enthusiasm for the cause or
interfere with his service in Company H, Sec-
ond Illinois Cavalry. He was mustered in at
Camp Butler and was sent to Paducah Garrison,
Ky., later going to West Tennessee, where he
engaged in cavalry dashes and skirmishes. At
the battle of Holly Springs, December 20, 1862,
he was shot through the body from side to side,
and was laid up in hospitals until well enough
to return to his home. After a three-months
furlough he rejoined his regiment and partici-
pated in the campaign of Vicksburg until June
of 1863, and was then discharged on account of
disability resulting from a gunshot wound,
which prevented his riding a horse. After re-
turning home and recuperating he engaged in
farming for a time, later turning his attention
to painting, and still later to the music busi-
ness. This latter occupation he followed in Illi-
nois until 1880, when he located in Los Angeles
in the employ of the Day Music House, a posi-
tion which he maintained until 1885. He was
then appointed policeman, and was continu-
ously a member of the force until the time of
his retirement. For four years he was a patrol-
man, and in 1889 was appointed captain of
police, his service since having been marked
by attention to duty, strict integrity, and unself-
ish devotion to the public welfare.

In Los Angeles Captain Roberts has a com-
fortable residence at No. 1614 Essex street, and
his home is presided over by Mrs. Roberts, who
was, before her marriage, Alice Brunner, who
was born in England. Of this union there is
one child, Charles. By a previous marriage
with Elizabeth Ballon, who was born in Ten-
nessee, and died in Pasadena, there were two
children born to Captain and Mrs. Roberts,
Frank, who died at the age of eighteen years,

^^^'•^i^-i^SiW^^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

997

and Mamie, who is living in Los Angeles. Cap-
tain Roberts is a stanch Republican, and is
fraternally a Mason being a member of the
Southern California Lodge of Los Angeles. He
is associated with the Stanton Post 55, G. A. R.
Mrs. Roberts is a Presbyterian.

JAMiES H. DOVEY. A comparatively re-
cent addition to the ranks of contractors in
Long Beach, Mr. Dovey arrived here January
28, 1901, accompanied by such a firmly estab-
lished reputation as a master workman that he
has since spent no time whatever in looking
for work. He makes a specialty of cement con-
tracting, and coming to California in i8go has
accomplished much since in grading streets and
putting in curbs and sidewalks, as well as the
mason work and stone work of the foundations
of large buildings.

In his youth Mr. Dovey had the example of
an industrious and capable father, and of an
exemplary home life. He was born in Syracuse,
N. Y., June 5, 1861, and is the oldest in a family
of fourteen children, all of whom are living.
His father, William Dovey, was born in Ax-
bridge, Somersetshire, England, as was also his
grandfather, James, who was an hotel man dur-
ing his years of activity. As a boy the father
came to America in search of larger oppor-
tunity, and gradually became interested in the
manufacturing business in Syracuse, N. Y.,
working his way up from the Jjottom round of
the ladder. He finally removed with his family
to a farm near Coldwater, Mich., where he died
January 3, 1902, at the age of sixty-seven years.
The mother, formerly Elizabeth Telford, was
born in Ireland, and in spite of the care and
responsibility of rearing her large family is still
living and in good health.

After the family removal to Coldwater, Alich.,
in 1869, James H. Dovey lived on the home
farm and attended the public schools, and in
time learned the miller's trade at the Blackhawk
Mill in Coldwater. After serving an apprentice-
ship for five years he removed in 1886 to Den-
ver, Colo., and engaged in the creamery busi-
ness, and in 1888 associated himself with rail-
road affairs as a fireman on the Denver & Rio
Grande Railroad between Denver and Salida.
After two years he located in Pasadena in the
employ of the Pasadena Water Company, and
helped to build their two large reservoirs, being
principally engaged upon the cement work.
This task finished he branched out into a gen-
eral contract cement business, and many of the
streets, curbs and sidewalks in Pasadena arc
the work of this master in his line. Among the
foundations of buildings for which he received
the contract may be mentioned the Dodswortii
block, the Throop annex, and the Catholic
Church, all of which were executed in a most
substantial and skillful manner. In fact so

extended were the undertakings of Mr. Dovey
in Pasadena that it may truthfully be said that
he accomplished more than any one other man
in the same line of business. As heretofore
stated he came to Long Beach in January of
1901, and has since had no cause to regret the
change in his field of activity.

The marriage of j\lr. Dovey and Helen Horan
was solemnized in Denver, Colo., Mrs. Dovey
being a native of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Of this
union there are four children, James Albert,
William Henry, Plorence, and Agnes. Mr.
Dovey is a Democrat in politics, and while liv-
ing in Pasadena was prominent in political
affairs, serving on the Democratic City Com-
mittee. Fraternally he is associated with the
Independent Order of Foresters.

CONRAD SCHEERER. One of the popu-
lar and successful German-American contractors
of Los Angeles is Conrad Scheerer, who was
born in Wurtemberg, Germany, November 25,
1861, his father, Bruno, being also a native of
the same locality, near Ballingen. Bruno
Scheerer was a carpenter in his youth and later
became a builder and contractor, his entire life
being spent in his native land, where he died
when his son, Conrad, was fifteen years of age.
The same year witnessed the death of his wife,
Genevieve (Schmidt) Scheerer, who also was
born in Germany, and was the mother of five
sons and five daughters, of whom three sons
and three daughters are in America. One of
the sons, Joseph, is a contractor in San Fran-
cisco, while Clement is the manager of his
brother Conrad's quarries in Oro Grande.

Mr. Scheerer was reared in Wurtemberg until
h.is fourteenth year, when he immigrated to
America by way of Hamburg, visiting the Cen-
tennial Exposition in Philadelphia, and later
going to San Francisco, where his brother,
Joseph, was a contractor. Under his instruc-
tion he learned the trade of carpentering, and
was afterwards apprenticed to the trade of
plumbing, in time becoming a master plumber.
He then acted as foreman oi the California Pav-
ing Company until the spring of 1887, when he
resigned to locate in Santa" Barbara. He or-
ganized the Santa Barbara Paving Company,
and opened the asphalt mines at Carpinteria.
and successfully continued in the business until
his removal to Los Angeles in November of
1887. Since then he has been uninterruptedly
successful as a contractor of paving cement,
concrete and general stone work, and also for
grading, sewer work and general city improve-
ments. In December of 1899 he incorporated
the firm of C. Scheerer & Co., general contrac-
tors, of which he is the proprietor, the office of
the concern being at No. 237 West First street.
The firm do a large business all over California,
and are among the substantial and reliable busi-

998

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ness houses of the state. Mr. Scheerer has
done much for his fellow workers, has antici-
pated their needs and formulated methods in
accordance with their best interests. He is one
of the organizers and the treasurer of the
Cement and Concrete Contractors' Association.

A particularly shrewd and far-sighted, busi-
ness man Mr. Scheerer adapts himself readily
to the opportunities by which he is surrounded,
and turns them to the most advantageous ac-
count. His enterprise and strict commercial
integrity have yielded him large returns for
money and labor invested, and he is one of the
large landed proprietors of Los Angeles. In
the citv proper he owns besides his residence
at Xo.' 832 West Seventeenth street, and his
plant and yards at No. 718 East Third street,
other business and residence property. In the
country he owns a lemon and orange ranch at
\"ineland, a ranch at Riverside, as well as nine
hundred and sixty acres near Piru, Ventura
county. His ambition has extended also to the
oil business, in which he holds large interests,
and to extensive mine holdings in Southern
California and Arizona. A Mason of the thirty-
hecond degree, he is affiliated with Los Angeles
Lodge No. 42, Los Angeles Chapter, Com-
mandery No. 9, the Consistory and Al Malakiah
Temple, N. M. S. He is also connected with
the Benevolent Order of Elks No. 99, the Red
Men, Foresters of America, Maccabees, Turn
Verein, the Sons of Herman, the Chamber of
Commerce, and the Builders' Exchange. In
politics he is an uncompromising Republican.

In San Francisco Mr. Scheerer married L.
C. Tossmann, a native of the Golden Gate city,
her parents being very early settlers of Cali-
fornia. Two children have been born to Mr.
and Mrs. Scheerer, Conrad, Jr., and Myrtle J.

HIRAM K. SNOW, Jr. One of the most
promising of the ranchers and horticulturists of
Ventura county is H. K. Snow, Jr., who not
only possesses a wide knowledge of fruit raising
in general, but is likewise adapted to intricate
business transactions, and has the true western
spirit of progressiveness. No better illustration
of the enterprise, patience and good judgment
exercised by this honored member of the com-
munity need be advanced than the ranch and
nurseries over which he has supervision, and
which are in fine bearing condition and are
Ijrofitable. Every tree and shrub was planted
by the enterprising manager. Success of the
business is the result of his wise and judicious
jilanning, as well as the needful improvements.
In connection with his father he owns one hun-
dred and twenty-five acres of land under wal-
nuts, and personally owns twenty acres of
lemons, two acres under oranges, eight acres
under apples, besides renting one hundred and
fifty acres for beans, and eighty-five acres for

beets. An attractive home is one of the fea-
tures of the place made beautiful by vines,
shrubbery and hedges.

A native son of California, jMr. Snow was
born in Vallejo, Solano county, September 5,
1865. a son of H. K. Snow, Sr., who was bom
m New Hampshire, and Cynthia O. (Downs)
Snow, who was born in Wisconsin. The family
history appears elsewhere in this volume. In
1888 Mr. Snow married Minnie Norman,
daughter of Robert Norman, a native of South
Carolina, and who came to California at the age
of ten and married while living at Tustin. Of
the union of Mr. Snow and Miss Norman there
are two boys, Ralph M. and Robert S. H., who
are now attending school at Oxnard, and who
will receive every possible educational and
other advantages. Mr. Snow is a Republican
in politics, and cast his first presidential vote
for Benjamin Harrison. He has been promi-
nent in local and county political affairs, and has
served as delegate to numerous state and county
conventions. For the past five years he has been
affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, having
joined the organization at Hueneme, and now
a member of the Oxnard lodge, and is a mem-
ber of the club having charge of the construc-
tion of the new Masonic Temple. He is also a
member of the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows in Orange county.

WILLIAM R. STAATS. The numerous and
firmly established undertakings upon which
rests the splendid business reputation of Wil-
liam R. Staats, investment banker and broker
of Pasadena, bespeak personal characteristics
which find their highest expression and greatest
appreciation among the prolific opportunities of
the far west. As the name implies, the Staats
family is first heard of in Holland, from which
conservative country one Major Abram Staats
emigrated to America in 1642. He settled in
RensselaerwA'ck and in 1643 became a member
of the council of the colony. He was a surgeon
and for a time practiced his profession, but soon
engaged in the trading and freighting business
on the Hudson river between Albany and New-
York. He accumulated considerable property
and in later years settled on his large plantation
near what is now the town of Claverack. Abram
Lansing Staats, the paternal grandfather of
William R., was a merchant in Troy, N. Y., and
later removed to New York City. His son,
Henry T., the father of William R.. was born
in Hudson, N. Y., and was a graduate of the
Wesleyan Lfnivcrsity at IMiddletown, Conn.
Later he entered the ministr^^ of the Congrega-
tional denomination, in which he preached for
many years in Connecticut, and in 1888 removed
to Pasadena, where he has since been pastor of
the North Congregational Church. He married
Marv T. Macv, a native of Hudson, N. Y., and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

member of an old Massachusetts Quaker family
of Nantucket. Mrs. Staats died in Connecticut,
leaving four sons and two daughters, of whom
William R. is the third son.

The youth of Mr. Staats was spent in New
Haven and Bristol, Conn. He was born in
Orange, New Haven county, in August, 1867.
He attended the public schools in Bristol and
afterward studied at the Wesleyan Academy at
Wilbraham, Mass. Mr. Staats came to Pasa-
dena in 1886 and entered into the real-estate
business, which has since assumed such large
proportions. The business was incorporated in
1894 under the firm name of the William R.
Staats Company, of which Mr. Staats is presi-
dent, and is doing a general real-estate, insur-
ance and investment business. This enterprise,
however, represents but a minor part of the
commercial ventures of Mr. Staats, who is one
of the organizers of the Title, Insurance &
Trust Company, the Los Angeles Trust Com-
pany, and the Edison Electric Company of Los
Angeles, in all of which he is a director and
influential factor. He is a member of the Pasa-
dena Board of Trade and the Los Angeles
Chamber of Commerce.

Since residing in Pasadena Mr. Staats has
married Mrs. Helen I. Watson, a native of
Toledo, Ohio. Mr. Staats is as well known
socially as he is in the business world of Pasa-
dena, and takes an active interest in outdoor
sports, and the general amusements prevalent
in the west. He was one of the organizers, and
for years has been a director of the Pasadena
Country Club, a director in the Valley Hunt
and member of the California Club of Los
Angeles. Fraternally he is associated with the
Masons. He is one of the most thoroughly suc-
cessful men in Southern California, and is as
genial and popular as he is liberal and enter-
prising.

PERRY WHITING. An industry which
goes hand in hand with the building up of a city
is the business of wrecking the handiwork al-
ready accomplished, and which is often over-
looked in enumerating the forces responsible
for the splendid structures of the present. And
yet renewal must be attended by removal, else
we had always the old with us, and the archi-
tects and builders of America would be in the
sorry straits of their brothers across the water.
In this connection the work of the Whiting
Wrecking Company is justly entitled to men
tion and consideration, for they have removed
more of the early architecture than any other
firm in the city of Los Angeles, and have paved
the way for builders with ideas of safety, sani-
tation, and convenience, than which nothing
was more remote from the ideas of their prede-
cessors in business.

Perry Whiting, the organizer and manager of

the Whiting Wrecking Company, and the Whit-
ing Lumber and Supply Company, was born
in North Branch, Lapeer county, Mich., April
21, 1868, a son of Ryerson and Melissa (Healey)
Whiting, natives respectively of Michigan and
Nova Scotia. The paternal grandfather, Sam-
uel, was born in New York, and was one of the
first settlers of Lapeer county, where he con-
ducted a farm for many years, and where he is
now living at North Branch, at the age of
eighty-two years. He married a Aliss Swartout.
Ryerson Whiting was a lumberman in Charle-
voix county, Mich., and died at the early age
of twenty-four years. His wife was a daughter
of Charles Healey, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, who
settled in Charlevoix county, Mich., where he
was a pioneer and accumulated considerable
property, and where he was killed in a wind-
storm. Mrs. Whiting, who now lives in Grand
Rapids, Mich., had but one child, Perry. She
still owns the old farm in Charlevoix county,
where her son was reared, and near which he
was educated in the public schools, a training
supplemented by study in the Grafid Rapids
high school.

In the fall of 1890 Mr. Whiting left the sur-
roundings of his youth and went to Denver,
Colo., where he followed the carpenter's trade,
and where he contracted and built until the fall
of 1891. He then removed to Grand Junction,
Colo., and engaged in the mercantile" business
and also managed an hotel, ventures which seem
to have proved unsuccessful, for upon arriving
in Los Angeles in 1893 he had but $35 in
available assets. For a year he worked at his
trade, and this opened the way for later build-
ing and contracting which he followed until
1898. He then started the wrecking company,
and in January of 1902 organized the Whiting
Lumber and .Supply Company, into which has
been merged the wrecking concern. A large
and increasing business has rewarded the well
laid plans of Mr. Whiting, and the amount of
building materials supplied by the company in
the course of a year argues well for the confi-
dence entertained for the management by the
public of Los Angeles. An average of thirtv
employes is sustained the year round, and eight
teams are required to deliver goods and do the
general hauling. Mr. Whiting has other in-
terests besides those which claim his principal
attention, and he is an appreciator of the oil
possibilities of the state, in support of which
statement he has invested in stock in the Pure
Oil Company, of which concern he is a director.
In addition to tearing down some of the old
landmarks in the city, he has built up many
parts of the town, and is the owner of much
valuable city real-estate. He has also taken
down buildings in Pasadena, and has done .sim-
ilar work in other towns of the localitv.

In Wichita, Kans., Mr. Whiting married Ada

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1000

Pearl Barrick, who was born in Blue Mound,
Macon county. 111., a daughter of Jonah Bar-
rick a pioneer of Macon county, and now a
resident of Los Angeles. To Mr. and Mrs.
Whiting have been born two children, Darrell,
who died in Denver, and Ila lone. Mr. Whiting
is fraternally associated with Los Angeles Ma-
sonic Lodge No. 42, Los Angeles Chapter No.
g, R. A. M., Los Angeles Commandery, K. T.,
and the Fraternal Brotherhood. He is a Re-
iniblican in political affiliation, a member of the
Chamber of Commerce, and identified with the
Westlake Methodist Episcopal Church, of which
he is a steward. Mr. Whiting is one of the
admirable citizens and successful business men
of Los Angeles, and his response to public de-
mands upon his purse and time is the most
forcible reminder of his vital influence in all
matters of importance in the community.

BENJAMIN F. WHIPP. One of the beau-
tiful homes of Pomona is owned and occupied
by Mr. Whipp. On selecting a suitable loca-
tion for his family he purchased the residence
at one time owned by E. E. Cole at No. 933
North Garey avenue. Under his supervision
the residence has been remodeled and enlarged
and is now an attractive and commodious dwell-
ing, surrounded by grounds that always attract
the admiring attention of passers-by. Especial
attention is given to cultivating rare species
of plants, and'these are propagated in his green-
house and then transplanted to the gardens.
Among other interesting features of his collec-
tion rnay be mentioned one hundred varieties
of rare cacti, some of which are not to be found
elsewhere in Southern California. By the exer-
cise of refined taste in the arrangement of flow-
ers and shrubs the lawns have been transformed
into a bower of beauty, and with J:he walks and
drives show what can be done in this region
toward making an ideal home.

In Sweetwater, Menard county. 111.. Mr.
Whipp was born in 1840. At the age of four-
teen he entered the merchandise establishment
of his uncle at Sweetwater, going to school at
the same time. He was engaged in merchan-
dising in Illinois and Missouri for a short time,
where he met with the success that his ability
and wise judgment merited, but later turned his
attention to farming. Learning much about the
• splendid climate of Southern California he came
to the state on a prospecting tour and settled
in Los Angeles in 1884. He staid there about
fourteen months, when, hearing of an excellent
opening in Pomona, he came here and bought
one hundred and forty choice acres from the
Jacoby Land Company. On this tract he has
since engaged in the raising of alfalfa, of which
he cuts from six to eight crops a year, the same
being of fine quality. A portion of the properly
has never been under irrigation, but, being low

land, retains the moisture from the infrequent
rains, and has yielded more to the acre than that
portion which is under irrigation. Besides this
property he is the owner of fifty acres at Spadra,
which his son now controls.

It was Mr. Whipp's intention to retire per-
manently from business pursuits on leaving Los
Angeles, but he has occasionally taken up such
work temporarily. At one time he purchased a
stock of merchandise of Alorris & Post and
closed out the same to good advantage. At
another time he purchased the Wakefield shoe
store, which he also closed out advantageously.
However, with these exceptions, he has held
aloof from business enterprises and has devoted
his attention to alfalfa-growing and to the so-
ciety of family and friends. For many years he
has been a member of the Christian Church and
a regular contributor to its maintenance, besides
which he has rendered helpful service in the
capacity of deacon. While living in Missouri
he married Miss Lucy J. Callaway of Callaway
county. The thirteen children comprising their
family are as follows: Ella, wife of J. W. Camp-
bell; Flora, at home; John, who married Annie
Long: Sallie, wife of Arthur Hazelwood; Ida.
who is with her parents: Lizzie, Mrs. Grant
Pitzer; Carrie, who married James Hicks:
Bertha, Mrs. Loran Hardesty: Ernest, who
married Louella Buff; Melissa, Efifie, Elsie and
Lottie, who are students in the Pomona schools.

JOHN B. WILKINSON, horticulturist and
real estate dealer of Pasadena, was born in
South Boston, Mass., October 29, 1857, and is
a son of George and Harriet (Butterworth) Wil-
kinson, natives of England, and the latter born
in Coventry. George Wilkinson received the
substantial early training of the average English
youth of the middle class, and after completing
his education at the public schools learned the
silversmith's trade. This he applied as a means
of livelihood for some time in his native land,
and was equally successful with his trade after
removing to Boston, Mass. For a time he
lived in Providence, R. I., and while there was
identified with the Gorham Manufacturing
Company until his retirement. He was a mas-
ter silversmith, and had a particular fitness for
his work, and was a man of high character. He
lived to be seventy-four years of age. His wife,
who died in Providence, R. I., was the mother
of twelve children, eleven of whom attained
maturity, and ten are living, John B. being
sixth in order of birth, and, with his sister, the
only members of the family in California.

In Providence, R. I., John B. Wilkinson at-
tended the public schools and the Friends'
school, and from earliest boyhoou learned con-
siderable from his father of the silversmith's
business. In 1879 '1^ removed to Cliicago, 111..

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1003

and engaged in the manufacture of jewelry store
fittings, his place of business being located on
Madison street, and conducted with his brother
W. S. as a partner. The brothers became well
known in Chicago as conservative and reliable
business men, and their special line of activity
netted them gratifying results. In 1895 Mr.
Wilkinson sold out his business and came to
Pasadena, and the following year bought his
present place south of Lamanda Park, which
contains six and a half acres located on Rose
avenue and San Pasqual street. He is engaged
in horticulture and the poultry business, and
the latter especially is conducted on a large and
scientific scale. In 1902 he embarked also in
the real estate business on West Colorado and
De Lacey streets and has already handled con-
siderable property in the city.

In Chicago, 111., Mr. Wilkinson married Anna
K. Ford, a native of Troy, N. Y. Of this union
there are four children. .A.lice W.. Harriet B.,
John B., Jr., and Russell F. Mr. Wilkinson is
a Republican in politics, and is fraternally con-
nected with the Independent Foresters. He is
a member of the Episcopal Church.

J. W. WOOD, M. D. At the time of Dr.
Wood's arrival in Long Beach, in October, 1887,
he found a town of five hundred inhabitants.
During the years immediately following, the
decadence of the boom rendered any develop-
ment of local resources impossible, but with the
revival of prosperity throughout Southern Cali-
fornia, with the drawing to it of men of wealth
and enterprise from all parts of the country,
and with the building up of homes and business
industries, every town became a participant in
the general growth, and Long Beach in its turn
took on new life, since which time its prosperity
has been continuous. From the time of the
city's incorporation until 1898 Dr. Wood served
as health officer, after which he was for two
years a member of the city council. Since 1894
he has been a member of the school board, of
which he was clerk two terms, and in 1897 he
took an active part in the erection of the high
school building. He is a stockholder and di-
rector in the Bank of Long Beach. At the time
of the organization of the First National Bank
he became a stockholder and continues his in-
terest in the same. He is a stockholder and
director of the Long Beach Hotel Company that
built the finest hotel in the city. Besides taking
part in the organization of the Piru King .Min-
ing Company, he has acted as its president
since its establishment. In addition to his other
interests. he is president of the Chuckawalla
Mining, Milling and Water Company operating
in Riverside county. His connection with va-
rious local business concerns and municipal
affairs and his membership in the Board of

Trade, does not prevent his devotion to pro-
fessional duties nor interfere with his success
as a physician. He is a member of the Los
Angeles County, Southern California and
American Medical Associations, head physician
for the local lodge. Independent Order of For-
esters; physician for the Modern Woodmen of
America and the Knights of Maccabees in Long
Beach; also local surgeon for the Southern
Pacific Railway Company and the Long Beach
division of the Salt Lake Railroad Company.
In his private practice he makes a specialty of
surgery and gynecology. He has his office in
the Coughran block.

From Newcastle, England, John Wood came
to America and settled near Geneva, N. Y.,
where he improved a farm from the woods.
This property was inherited by his son, John
M., who was born there and continued to make
the old farm his home until his death, in August.
1901, at eighty-three years of age. During his
active years he devoted himself to cultivating
its four 'hundred acres and to discharging his
duties as a citizen, an elder in the Presbyterian
Church, and a kind husband and father. His
marriage united him with Rebecca Rupert, who
was born two miles from Geneva, N. Y., and
died in 1867. Of this marriage there was one
son, our subject. By a previous marriage there
were four sons and one daughter. The oldest
son, John Henry, was a soldier in the One
Hundred and Twenty-sixth New York Cavalry
during the Civil war and now lives near Cin-
cinnati, Ohio; Dr. G. A., a graduate of Long
Island Medical College, became a resident of
Long Beach in 1886. founded the first drug
store here, and died in Los Angeles in 1893;
Philip R. lives in Rockford, 111.; Denton D. oc-
cupies the old homestead; J. W., who was born
in 1856 near Geneva, began the study of med-
icine in his native town, and later studied under
Dr. S. L. Kilmer, of South Bend, Ind., after
which he was a student in Rush Medical Col-
lege, Chicago, for two years. The degree of M.
D. was conferred upon him at the time of his
graduation from the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Chicago, in 1883. Ten years later he
returned to Chicago and took a course of lec-
tures in the Post-Graduate College.

The first active experience of Dr. Wood as a
physician was gained in Palestine, Tex., and
Juniata, Adams county. Neb., from which latter
point he came to Long Beach, Cal. During his
service as health officer here he secured the pas-
sage of many sanitary measures and was in-
fluential in improving the general condition of
the town. By his party (the Republican) he has
been chosen a delegate to state and county con-
ventions, and has been an active worker in its
behalf. His home at No. 125 Cedar avenue is
presided over by his wife, nee May McDonald,
whom he married in Nebraska in 1884 and who

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1004

was born in South Bend, Ind., of Scotch de-
scent. They have two children, Edith M. and
Donald.

JAMES F. WARD. The alternatnig periods
of success and adversity which fall to the lot
of all miners have been experienced by Mr.
Ward, who not only understands the feeling
occasioned by realizing thousands of dollars
from a mine in a single day, but also appreciates
the less attractive position of bemg without
money in a land of strangers. The fascination
of mining still clings to him, and, although he
makes his home in Los Angeles, he still enjoys
a visit to his mine, which he patented a few
vears ago and is now developing.

Early in the nineteenth century Christopher
Ward crossed the ocean from England, bring-
ing with him his wife, who was a native of Ire-
land. Having learned the stone-cutter's trade
at his English home he experienced no diffi-
culty in securing employment at this occupa-
tion, which he followed in Albany, N. Y.
Through his perseverance and energy he be-
came the owner of a large stone yard and filled
large contracts, in which he employed as many
as one hundred and fifty men. When he died
at the age of fifty-one he was accounted one of
the prosperous men of Albany. His wife had
died when their son James F. was six months
old, and the latter, born in .-Mbany, N. Y., March
i6, 183s, grew up without the devoted and lov-
ing care of a mother. Lacking the counsel of
a mother and misunderstood by his father, he
became a reckless and wild lad. When he was
fourteen his father punished him for some of-
fense and he ran away from home. He had
learned the carver's tra'de and secured employ-
ment at this in Saratoga. N. Y., but soon
learned that his father had detectives looking
for him, so gave up his work and went to Fort
Edwards and then to Chicago. 111. Both of
these places, however, he left to keep from
being taken back home. Hoping to get beyond
the reach of his father he went to Missouri and
from there crossed the plains with Sheppard,
driving a band of horses to Sacramento.

In 1859, when making his fourth trip across
the plains with the Sheppards, five of the party
of fourteen were killed by Indians, including
Mr. Sheppard himself and two of his sons. They
were murdered in the neighborhood of the
■ Mountain Meadow massacre. After killing the
men the savages took the horses and also
robbed the wagons of the freight. Fortunately
they overlooked some money hidden in a wagon
and with this Mr. ^^'ard bought three yoke of
oxen and thus was enabled to convey the bal-
ance of the party to a place of safety. On his
return to California he resumed mining and
prospecting and developed a number of mines
there, also several in Idaho ancl Nevada. In

November, 1869, he located Mineral Hill mine,
which two years later he sold for $500,000. Feel-
ing the need of some recreation after his years
of western life he made a tour of Europe, vis-
iting many points of historic interest. During
that trip he married Miss Agnes N. Fleming, a
native of Canada. In December, 1872, he
brought his wife to Los Angeles, and they now
reside at No. 1121 South Grand avenue, having
with them their five children.

Among the first purchases made by ISIr.
Ward in Los Angeles was the block of five
acres between Eleventh and Twelfth streets
and Hope and Grand avenue, the greater part
of which he still owns. In 1873 he built a two-
story frame house for his family, selecting as a
site for the same a desirable location on Grand
avenue, which was at that time the finest resi-
dence street in the city. Besides his real estate
in Los Angeles he owns large ranches in the
vicinity. His time is principally spent on his
farms or at his mine. City life does not appeal
to him, and especially is this the case smce Los
Angeles has increased so greatly in population
that where years ago he knew everyone, now
he can walk for many blocks without seeing a
familiar face, thus giving to him, as he .=ays, the
feeling of a "tenderfoot." In former days he
took great pleasure in his horses, and raised and
owned some of the best and fastest in the entire
city. At no time has he been active in politics,
but he keeps well posted in such matters and
votes with the Republican party. He is a mem-
ber of the Pioneer Society of Southern Califor-
nia and a contributor to the Presbyterian
Church, with which his wife and children arc
identified.

HON. JAAIES A. GIBSON, member of the
law firm of Bicknell, Gibson & Trask. of Los
.'\ngeles, is a descendant of Scotch-Irish ances-
tors who were identified with the colonial his-
tory of New England. While still a mere boy
he gratified his desire for a taste of ocean life
and made a cruise on the sea. \\'hen he was
seventeen he was given employment in a large
manufacturing establishment in Massachusetts,
and rose, by gradual steps, until he was placed
in charge of one of the departments.

Resigning his position in 1874 he came to
California, settling first in San Francisco, but
later going to San Bernardino. While in the
east he had commenced the study of law, and
this he completed after coming to California.
June 13, 1879, he was admitted to the bar in the
district court of San Bernardino county, and
later he was admitted to practice before the
supreme court of the state: afterward to the
supreme and federal courts of the United States.
After having carried on a private practice in
San Bernardino for a time he was elected judge
of the superior court of that county. His dis-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1005

charge of official duties was thorough and grati-
fying. May 3, 1889, he was appointed a member
of the supreme court of CaHfornia commission,
and this high position he held until January,
1891, when he resigned in order to resume pri-
vate practice.

COL. RUSSEL HEATH. The fact that
Colonel Heath is the oldest surviving .Amer-
ican settler in the valley at Carpinteria is but
one out of his many claims to prominence in
his locality. During the half century of his
identification with the history of Santa Barbara
county, he has been intimately associated with
many of the movements that have brought
prosperity to this section of the state, and in
every instance he has been in the forefront of
those whose aim was the development of local
resources. Born in Little Falls, Herkimer
county, N. Y., in 1826, he was a son of Henry
and Mary (Casler) Heath. His paternal an-
cestors were of Puritan slock, early settlers of
Massachusetts and Connecticut, and removed to
New York in 1806. The maternal forefathers
were among the early German settlers of the
Mohawk valley. General Herkimer, the hero of
the battle of Ariscany, was a great-uncle of Mrs.
Heath; her grandfather Casler was colonel in
General Herkimer's regiment in this same bat-
tle, which turned the tide of warfare toward vic-
tory for the colonial army. Colonel Heath's
father, Henry Heath, established at Little Falls
the first iron foundry west of Albany, N. Y., and
for many years engaged extensively in the manu-
facture of machiner}'. At the same time he was
also active in politics. His death occurred at
Little Falls in 1879.

As early as 1700 the Heath family came from
Surrey, England, and settled in Lebanon, Conn.
Joseph Heath volunteered and served under
Colonel Nickerson in the expedition against
Montreal in 1710. Colonel Heath's grandfather,
Hezekiah Heath, settled at Little Falls, N. Y.,
during 1801, and in that same town his son,
Henry, afterward became the proprietor of the
Heath foundry. Russel Heath was reared in
this same town and received his education in
Fairfield Academy. An appointment to the
United States military academy was tendered
him, but declined. Instead, he turned his atten-
tion to the study of law, in which he was en-
gaged at the time the report spread through the
east that gold had been discovered in Cali-
fornia. With his customary promptness of
action, he was first to leave Herkimer county
for the gold fields. By way of Mexico, he trav-
eled to California, coming up the Pacific ocean
on a sailing vessel from Mazatlan to Santa
Barbara. On the loth of July, 1849, the ship
landed at Santa Barbara, being out of provi-
sions. Many of the passengers refused to go
further, and he was one of the number. Thus it

happened that his first glimpse of California
was obtained in the vicinity of his present home.

After ten days in Santa Barbara the Colonel,
in company with Gil Ewing of Ohio and others,
proceeded to walk to San Francisco, and fifteen
days later they reached their destination. It
had been his intention to locate in San Fran-
cisco, but on account of the poor water, he de-
cided to go elsewhere. His first experiences in
mining were gained on Mormon Island, where
the Fulsom prison now stands. Next he en-
gaged in mining on the North Yuba river. In
1852, on account of ill health, he came to Santa
Barbara, where he was soon benefited by the
fine climate. Turning his attention to the prac-
tice of law and public affairs, in 1852 and 1853
he became interested in the organization of the
county, under American law, tlie court of ses-
sions having appointed him district attorney.
During the two years (1852-54) that he held the
office, he obtained the first conviction for mur-
der under American law. When the county was
placed under American system in 1853, he
opened the county clerk's office books, which
were the first records in the county under this
system. Appointed sheriff in 1854, he was or-
dered to enforce the law against gamblers and
law-breakers, and had many thrilling experi-
ences in the discharge of his duty, but his ser-
vice was so satisfactory to the law-abiding ele-
ment that at the expiration of the term he was
elected to the office, which he filled until the
fall of 1858. He then took his seat in the state
legislature, having been elected on the Demo-
cratic ticket. In this position, as in every other
to which he was called, uprightness and fidelitv
marked his discharge of duties, and a progres-
sive spirit made his service acceptable to his
constituents. On his retirement from the leg-
islature he again accepted the position of dis-
trict attorney. In 1859 he was one of the com-
missioners chosen to lay out the first state road
under American law from San Francisco
through Santa Barbara county to Los Angeles.
Further opportunity for public service was ten-
dered him in i86g, when he was again chosen to
represent his district in the state legislature,
where he served durinc: the term of 1869-70.

Meantime, while filHns: public offices and
practicing law, Colonel Heath also became in-
terested in ranching and fruit-growing. In 1858
he bought a ranch at Carpinteria which was
then in small native timber. The followint;
year he began the improvement of the land.
Through subsequent purchase he became the
owner of several hundred acres in the valle\-.
but now has reduced his possessions, by sale,
to two hundred acres. The first walmtt orchard
in the state was started by him in the fall of
1858. the seed being secured from Mr. Wolf-
skill's garden in Los .'Xngeles. and it in turn
coming from trees planted by the Mission

1006

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Fathers. At this writing he has one hundred
and sixty- acres in walnuts, from which he se-
cures about one hundred thousand pounds each
year. In addition to his wahiuts, he has a fine
orchard of lemons, his specialties being the
Sicilian and Lisbon varieties. He was the lirst
horticulturist in Southern California to import
lemons and the citron of commerce from Sicily,
and he also brought a new variety of olives from
that same island. All of these he now produces
on his ranch. Besides his ranch, he owns sev-
eral blocks of improved property in Santa Bar-
bara, including the Heath block and ten busi-
ness houses. For two years he filled the presi-
dent's chair in the First National Bar.k, of
which he is now a director. The recent oil dis-
coveries in California have awakened his inter-
est and he has been foremost in his efforts to
make this one of the leading industries of the
state. With his son, he is interested in a well
in the Rincon fields that has good prospects.

Until 1895 Colonel Heath was one of the
local Democratic leaders, but the adoption of
the silver standard by the Democratic party
caused him to transfer his allegiance to the Re-
publican party, and in its interests he stumped
the southern part of the state during the cam-
paign of 1900. Fraternally he has passed all the
chairs in the Santa Barbara Lodge, I. O. O. F..
and is past noble grand. The Society of Califor-
nia Pioneers numbers him among its prominent
members. After he had been in the west some
years, Miss Flarriet E. Sherman, one of his
childhood's playmates in Little Falls, came to
San Francisco to meet him and they were mar-
ried there in 1856. Three years later she died,
leaving an only child, James R. Heath.

MILO M. POTTER. While it is a fact that
Los Angeles has no immense metropolitan
hotel, few cities on the continent are blessed
with a wider range of comfortable, home-like
hotels, and chief among those which have been
placed at the service of the public within the
past few years is the well-known Hotel Yan
Nuys. In all its appointments this hotel is mod-
ern, convenient and beautiful, and under the
management of its proprietor, AI. M. Potter, it
has come to the front as one of the finest hotels
on the Pacific coast. It is said by well posted
authorities to be one of the two or three most
elegantly appointed and best conducted hotels
west of New York City. The Van Nuys, cen-
trally located at the corner of Fourth and Main
streets, within a few blocks of the entire busi-
ness section of the city, is a building six stories
in height, and, owing to its situation on the
corner, there is not a dark room in the house.
It was completed in 1896, and was furnished
throughout with new, handsome equipments.
The proprietor is businesslike and courteous.

and is well liked by all with whom he has deal-
ings in any capacity.

Mr. Potter was born in Dundee, Monroe
county, Mich., in May, 1854. In 1888 he came
to Los Angeles, and upon his arrival here took
charge of the Westminster Hotel. During the
eight years of his connection with that high
class hotel he won the respect and confidence of
the local public, and a reputation for fairness
and business-like methods which has served
him in good stead. Mr. Van Nuys determined to
invest some of his capital in another and finer
building. Thus the Van Nuys Hotel came into
existence, and everyone concedes that no better
manager could be found than Mr. Potter. His
success is in a great measure due to his general-
ship, he having that rare tact and talent to
thoroughly organize the forces at his command,
so that complete harmony prevails in every de-
partment. He is also in charge of Hotel Van
Nuys, Broadway, which he built three years
after the completion of the Hotel Van Nuys,
Main street. These two hotels have a capacity
for accommodating about five hundred guests.

STEPHEN HATHAWAY jNIOTT was born
June 21, 1828, near Saratoga Springs, N. Y.,
in the historic village of Schuylersville. where
the British general, Burgoyne, surrendered. He
is the son of John R. and Abbie (Hathaway)
Mott, who were natives of Saratoga county.
N. Y., and both died in that same county, the
father when seventy-one and the mother when
eighty-four. When he was nine years of age
our subject was taken into the home of his
maternal grandmother. In 1854 he turned his
course of destiny westward. He traveled exten-
sively through the southern and western states.
and in 1855 landed in St. Paul, Minn., and ac-
cepted a clerkship in a wholesale and retail dry
goods house.

After a short time in that position he went
eighty miles south of St. Paul and opened a
general store among the Indians at St. Peter,
Minn., but. finding difificully in getting trans-
portation, he settled in Shakopee, where he
remained from 1861 to 1864, arriving in Los
Angeles May 3 of the latter year, fn 1868 he
bought what is now known as the Mott tract.
He has been a director of the Los .Angeles City
Water Company since 1869 and its secretary al-
most thirty years. "Self-made" is a title that will
fit Mr. Mott. From his first training in school
for his battle of life on up to the .stern realities
thereof, he has come alone, unaided by friends
or wealth. Of schooling, as now understood, he
virtually had none. Education he has, a wealth
of practical information, which would be more
helpful to a young man thrown upon his own re-
sources than all the training of all the colleges
of theory alone.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

HENRY M. DAKIN. After a youth of ad-
ventures such as fall only to the lot of sailors,
followed by years of steady labor as an employe
of the government, Mr. Dakin finally came to
California and some years later, in September of
1887, settled in San Pedro. Buying property
for business purposes, he embarked in the hard-
ware and plumbing business, which he has since
conducted. During the years of his residence
in this city he has been identified with many of
its important public measures, particularly with
its library board, of which he has been president
for six years.

Mr. Dakin was born at Boardman, Mahoning
county, Ohio, September 6, 1835, being a son of
Homer and Susan (Crane) Dakin, natives re-
spectively of New York and Connecticut. His
maternal grandfather. Rev. Stephen Crane, was
an influential minister of his day and locality.
The father settled in Ohio about 1832, taking
up the trade of a carpenter in Boardman, where
he made his home for many years. Finally,
however, he removed to Ellsworth, Mahoning
county, and there his life came to a close when
he was sixty-nine. During the war of 1812,
when he was a mere lad, he had offered his ser-
vices to the country and expected to go to the
front, but sickness kept hmi back. In politics
he adhered to Whig principles, while in religion
he was a Baptist. His wife was a believer in
the doctrines of the Congregational Church.
Her death occurred in Poland, Ohio, in the
spring of 1863, when she was sixty-nine years
of age, and she was buried in Ellsworth
cemetery. Of their twelve children, all but one
attained years of maturity. The youngest of
these, Henry M., was sent to school until six-
teen, when he was apprenticed to learn the tin-
ner's trade, at which he served for four years.
In the fall of 1855 he went to New York City
and from there shipped on a whaling cruise, go-
ing with his vessel around the Cape of Good
Hope, thence to New Zealand, from there to
the Hawaiian Islands, and finally returning to
New York after a voyage of four years, during
which he had sailed around the world. How-
ever, the ship in which he first sailed had been
burned, and he returned on the William Henry,
of New Bedford, Mass.

A later cruise took Mr. Dakin to the West
Indies. In 1859 '^^ returned to Ohio, where he
took up his trade in Cleveland. During the
spring of 1864 he enlisted in Company F, One
Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Infantry, which was
sent to guard a fort near Washington, D. C.
At the expiration of one hundred days the com-
pany was honorably discharged at Cleveland.
Afterward for eighteen years Mr. Dakin was
employed as a letter carrier in Cleveland, where,
the number of carriers being far less than em-
ployed at the present time, he was obliged to do
double duty and work exceedingly long hours.

On resigning from the government employ he
came to California in 1882 and for five years
worked as foreman for Chapman & Paul, on
Commercial street, between Main and Los
Angeles streets, in the city of Los Angeles.
From there he came to San Pedro in 1887 and
has since devoted himself to the tinware, hard-
ware, and plumbing business. Formerly he
voted with the Republicans, but the evil
wrought by the liquor traffic has more recently
caused him to ally himself with the Prohibition
party.

At Cleveland, Ohio, in August, 1861, Mr.
Dakin married I\Iiss Harriet E. Stevens, who
was born in Michigan. Five children were born
of their union, but two died at an early age and
George W. was drowned when the steamer Ke-
wana went down. Those now living are Wil-
liam S. and Charlotte E., Tilrs. Frederick Wy-
man, of Massachusetts. Mrs. Dakin is a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and
interested in its various- activities.

JOTHAM BIXBY. The distinction of
being, perhaps, the largest landholder in South-
ern California belongs to Mr. Bixby. Possess-
ing far more than ordinary ability, it is said that
when he was a mere boy those who knew him
predicted that his future would be marked with
decided success. Through the substantial qual-
ities of his character he has been able to gain
for himself financial prosperity, and that which
is still more to be desired, the esteem of his
associates.

When the discovery of gold in California fired
the hearts of ambitious young men in the east,
Mr. Bixby was one of those who resolved to
seek a fortune in the far west. In 1852 he sailed
via Cape Horn to San Francisco, and thence
proceeded to the mines in the central part of the
state, but did not meet there the success he had
hoped for. In 1857 he went to Monterey county
and began to raise sheep. Later we find him a
resident of San Luis Obispo county, and from
there, in 1866, he came to Los Angeles, having
the previous year bought the rancho of Los
Cerritos, a tract of twenty-seven thousand acres.
This property, lying east of the San Gabriel
river, and fronting on the ocean, includes the
present sites of Long Beach and Clearwater.
On this place he has since engaged in the stock
business, and under his supervision a company
was organized which purchased seventeen thou-
sand acres of the Palos \^erdes rancho and a
one-third interest in Los Alamitos of twenty-si.x
thousand acres, besides six thousand acres in
the rancho of Santiago de Santa Ana. This en-
tire acreage was devoted to stock-raising. .\t
times the company had on the Cerritos as many
as thirty thousand head of sheep, producing two
hundred thousand pounds of wool annually.

1010

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

More recently, however, the company has made
a specialty of raising cattle and horses, and has
owned as many as thirty thousand head of
cattle.

JOSEPH A. BUCKINGHAM. At the time
that Mr. Buckingham came to Santa Ana, in
1876, few had as yet been attracted to the pos-
sibilities of this region. Shortly after his arrival
he bought fifty acres of the San Joaquin ranch
from James Irving and settled down to the im-
portant task of improving a farm out of the raw
land. Among his early improvements were the
building of a house and barn, and he also
planted an orchard. Four years later he traded
the property for sixty acres south of First street,
now within the city limits of Santa Ana, and on
this land he engaged in farming until 1882,
when he sold out. His next purchase comprised
twenty acres on Orange street, in the city limits,
and here he has since made his home. The land
has many qualities that enhance its value, note-
worthy among these being its natural seepage
which enables the owner to raise six or seven
crops of alfalfa each year without resorting to
irrigation. He has his own water-works, which
provide water for domestic use and for the stock
as well.

JOHN PHILIP GREELEY. From boy-
hood the tastes of John P. Greeley have been
in the direction of literature. Diligently pur-
suing his studies in the Belfast high school and
Castine normal, he fitted himself for the work
of teacher, and for nine years he engaged in
educational work in Maine. At the expiration
of that time, in April. 1884, he crossed the con-
tinent to California, and resumed the occupa-
tion which had engaged his attention in New
England. Near what is now Placentia, Orange
county, he taught school for five years, contin-
uing until the formation of this county and his
simultaneous election, in 1889. as superintend-
ent of schools, a position that he has filled with
efificiency and success. In addition to the dis-
charge of official duties, he gives some attention
to the management of a fruit ranch that he owns
in this county.

HON. A. A. CALDWELL. .\ leader in the
Republican party, the sterling worth of Mr.
Caldwell was recognized by the members of this
party in his nomination, in 1900. for the state
senate, representing the thirty-ninth senatorial
district, composed of Riverside, San Bernardino
and Orange counties. By a majority of almost
twenty-one hundred he was the winner in the
race. In the thirty-third session of the state
legislature he served as chairman of the consti-
tutional amendment committee and a member
of the judiciary committee.

Few of the men now prominent in California's

public life were born in this stale, but Mr. Cald-
well is an exception, as he was born in Oakland,
January 12, 1869. His parents, Edwin and
Martha A. (Hayt) Caldwell, were natives of
New York, where they were reared and married.
In 1849 the father crossed the plains from the
Missouri river, with an ox-team, and engaged
in mining on the American river and other min-
ing camps. In 1871 he brought his family to
Riverside and five years later joined them here,
turning his attention from mining to horticul-
ture, in which he engaged until his death, in
1890. His wife died in 1893. The first death
in the Riverside colony was that of his son,
Harrv, a lad of seven years, who died December
18, 1871.

The public schools of Riverside and the high
school of Oakland furnished Mr. Caldwell with
the elements of his education, after which he
spent one year in the University of California.
In 1890 he matriculated in the Hastings College
of Law, a department of the State LTniversity,
and from this institution he was graduated in
1893. Returning to Riverside, he opened an
office for the practice of the law, and has since
made this city his home. He was made a Mason
in Evergreen Lodge, F. & A. M., and is also
connected with Riverside Chapter, R. A. M..
and Riverside Commanderv. K. T., also W
Malakiah Temple, N. M. S'., of Los .Angeles.
In the local lodge, B. P. O. E., he is a charter
member. He is connected with Arrow Head
Chapter, Native Sons of the Golden West, in
San Bernardino, and is a member of the Beta
Theta Pi and the Phi Delta Phi of his alma
mater.

In Riverside Mr. Caldwell married Clara M.
Keith, who traces her ancestry direct to one
of Robert Bruce's field marshals, also to Pere-
grine White, the first white child born in
America, and whose mother, widowed before his
birth, became the first bride in the little Alay-
flower colony. Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell have one
child, Duncan Keith Caldwell.

J. M. OLDENDORF. One of the finest
orange groves in Riverside is owned and con-
ducted by Mr. Oldendorf, to whose intelligent
and constant oversight is due the attractive ap-
pearance of the grove. Fie came to this citv
April I, 1882, and in June of the same year
bought ten acres, seven of which were ii> seed-
ling oranges. The balance of the land he set
out in navels, and he has also budded the seed-
lings to the navel variety, so that the entire
property is now improved with a high grade of
fruit. He makes it his aim to keep the trees
in a thrifty and healthful condition, and he also
trims them with care, in order to secure a sym-
metrical appearance. The property is further
improved by a comfortable and neatly ap-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1011

pointed residence, standing at No. 247 East
Central avenue.

In Mount Carmel, 111., J. M. Oldendorf was
born May 27, 1855. He was reared on a farm
and received a high school education. Going to
Indianapolis, Ind., in 1876, he engaged in the
mercantile business, which he conducted until
his removal to California in 1882. Besides his
property in Riverside, he is the owner of valu-
able real estate in Los Angeles. From the time
of attaining his majority he has voted with the
Republican party and has assisted its progress
by committee work and in other ways. He is a
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church
and a liberal contributor to religious and char-
itable enterprises. He has always taken an in-
terest in educational work and in June, 1901,
was elected trustee for the Arlington school
district.

H. A. BINGHAM. The most ambitious
creamery aspirant could hardly hope for larger
returns for his labors than has fallen to the lot
of H. A. Bingham, one of the most successful
creamery men in the state of California. In
this, the paradise of creamery enterprises, Mr.
Bingham has continued an occupation begun
in youth, and for which he inherits a liking and
special aptitude. He was born in Lunenburg,
Mass., November 3, 1857, and comes of an-
cestors whose founder in America sailed away
from the shores of England in i6g8, and set-
tled in Massachusetts. The paternal grand-
father, Horace Bingham, was a farmer in the
Puritan state, and Henry Bingham, the father
of H. A., was born at Carlisle, Mass., and en-
gaged for the greater part of his life in the dairy
business at Fitchburg. He lived to be fifty years
old. On the maternal side Mr. Bingham is re-
lated to another Massachusetts family, for his
mother, who was formerly Frances Kilburn,
was born near Charlestown, Mass., and was a
daughter of Milton Kilburn, a ship carpenter in
the navy yard. Mr. Kilburn later turned his
attention to farming, and was thus employed at
the time of his death. Mrs. Bingham, who died
when her son H. A. was four years of age. was
the mother of one other son, Eugene, who is
one of the superintendents of the creamery. Of
the second marriage contracted by the father
there were also two children, Earnest, the only
one living, being also in the employ of his
brother, H. A.

At the public schools of Fitchburg, Mass.,
Mr. Bingham received a practical education,
and while still quite young gained considerable
knowledge of the creamery business. After the
death of his father he continued the dairy suc-
cessfully, but in the spring of 1889 sold out his
interests and two years later located in Cali-
fornia. In January of 1891 he started a cream-

ery business in Santa Ana, and built the first
factory in the Newport district, within the walls
of which he began to manufacture the cele-
brated Santa Ana butter. Two years later he
located in Los Angeles and established stations
at several different points, notably at Tipton,
Rincon, El Monte, Lancaster, Clearwater, Dow-
ney, Norwalk, P'airview, and Tustin, and in
1896 established his factory and headquarters
at Los Angeles on Sixth street and Broadway.
In 1902 he built a two story brick building,
90x110 feet, on the corner of San Julian and
Seventh streets, which he will use for his grow-
ing business.

The better to understand the enormous busi-
ness carried on by the Bingham Creamery it is
necessary to state that the milk of over six
thousand cows is utilized with perfect prac-
ticability, and the output is one and a half tons
of butter a day. The milk capacity is more thaii
six hundred gallons a day, and the cream capac-
ity from fifty to three hundred gallons a day.
There are fifteen separators used for the cream,
and forty-three hands are employed to carry out
the plans of the head of the largest creamery in
Southern California. Twenty-five horses are
used for general purposes, and three wagons
are required to deliver goods to the trade. In
connection with his creamery Mr. Bingham de-
livers milk to many of the local dealers in Los
Angeles and Pasadena, and for several years
conducted a large and successful delicatessen
business on South Broadway. Aside from his
own immediate business concerns he has been
instrumental in raising and maintaining a high
grade of excellence in the general butter
market, and to further his interest in this con-
nection he organized the Butter Board of Trade
of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, presided
as chairman at the first meeting, and has since
the beginning of its days of usefulness been
treasurer of the board. He is also identified
with the Merchants and Manufacturers Asso-
ciation.

In Fitchburg, Mass., Mr. Bingham married
Miss Linnie Victoria Halliday, a native of Clin-
ton, Mass., and of this union there are seven
children: Hubert, a graduate of the high school
and at present bookkeeper for his father;
Francis, a graduate of the high school; Milton,
Ruth, Beatrice, Dorothea and Bertram. Mr.
Bingham is an appreciator and promoter of the
best possible educational methods, and is in
favor of supporting all wise plans for the gen-
eral improvement of the community. As a busi-
ness man he brings to his interesting and re-
munerative work a rare intelligence and ready
understanding of afifairs in general, and em-
bodies in his personality those admirable attri-
butes which constitute noble and helpful
citizenship. In political affiliation he is a Re-
publican.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1012

HON. ALVAN TYLER CURRIER. The
management of his varied interests makes Mr.
Currier a very busy man. The most important
object of his care is his large alfalfa, grain, stock
and fruit ranch, comprising twenty-five hundred
acres, situated three miles west of Pomona, just
of? the Southern Pacific stations of Spadre and
Lemon. Here a considerable portion of Mr.
Currier's time is spent. His energy is such that
he is constantly at work, directing, supermtend
ing and managing every department of the farm
work; this, too, although there is no longer the
necessity of hard work there was in earlier
years. His ranch is watered by artesian wells
In every respect it shows the painstaking care
of the owner and his intelligent supervision.

In Franklin county. Me., Mr. Currier was
born, April 30, 1840, a son of Alvan and Nancy
(dough) Currier, natives of Maine. In the win-
ter of 1861-62 he saw California for the first
time. However, he did not remain here, but
went to Idaho and mined for gold and silver.
In the fall of 1867 he left Idaho and returned to
California. Soon he went back to Maine to
visit his relatives and friends, and in the spring
of 1868 he came via the Isthmus of Panama
from New York to San Francisco. He has
crossed the isthmus three times altogether. In
the spring of 1869 he came to Los Angeles
county and purchased the ranch where he still
makes his home.

Politically Mr. Currier has been an active
factor in the Republican party, and is counted
one of its local leaders. In 1881 he was elected
sheriff of Los Angeles county, which office he
filled for two years. In 1898 he was elected to
the state senate from the thirty-eighth Califor-
nia district. As a senator he manifested deep
interest in the welfare of his constituents.

In fornudating his plans and successes in life,
Mr. Crawford has been ably assisted by his wife,
formerly Annie Taylor, of Indiana. To Mr. and
Mrs. Crawford have been born eight children,
six of whom are living: Clinton 13., who is a
resident of Kern county, Cal.; Ethelyn R., Jen-
nie C, Earl M., Lela R. and Hazel R. The
five last-named children are living at home. jSIr.
Crawford is a Republican in national and local
politics, and is a firm believer in the merits of
prohibition. He has held some important local
offices, and has for several years been a trustee
of the Olive public schools. He is an appre-
ciator of the advantages of education, and the
promoter of all that tends to uplift humanity and
improve general conditions. Fraternally he is
associated with the Masonic order, and with his
family is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

DANIEL P. CRAWFORD. To Mr. Craw-
ford belongs the distinction of being the pioneer
walnut grower of Olive precinct. Orange
county, and of having set out the first trees for
the future harvests of this much desired prod-
uct. He was born in Cumberland county, Nova
Scotia, September 15, 1847 A fair education
prepared him for the responsibilities of the
future. In 1868 he left the familiar surround-
ings of his boyhood days in Nova Scotia and mi-
grated to California via the Panama route. For
a time he lived in San Francisco, and while
there improved his time by studying at and
graduating from the Pacific Business College.
During the spring of 1870 he went to San Luis
Obispo, where, for several years, he was suc-
cessfully engaged in the dairy busmess. From
there he went to Los Angeles county and be-
came interested in farming at Green Meadows,
remaining there until he came to Olive precinct,
Orange county, in 1880.

J. ROSS CLARK. One of the flourishing
industries of Southern California is the Los
Alamitos Sugar Company, of which Mr. Qark
is vice-president and the general manager.
Shortly after coming to Los Angeles he estab-
lished the business which has since grown to
its present proportions, taking rank among the
successful enterprises of this section. The firm
takes its name from the location of the plant,
which is at Los Alamitos, thirty miles from
Los Angeles, while the offices of the company
are in the Douglas block in Los Angeles.

J. Ross Clark was born April 10, 1850, near
Connellsville, Pa. At six years of age he re-
moved with the family to \^an Buren county,
Iowa. There he acquired a public school educa-
tion; his academic studies were pursued at Ben-
tonsport Academy. However, he is principally
a self-educated as well as a self-made man. On
attaining his majority he was attracted to the
far west, where, in company with his brother,
Joseph K., he engaged in the United States
mail contract business, making his headquarters
at Horse Plains, Mont., the route being from
Missoula, Mont., to Pend d'Oreille Lake in
Idaho, a distance of two hundred miles. In 1876
he removed to Butte, Mont., and engaged as
bookkeeper for the Dexter Milling Company,
owners of one of the first quartz mills built in
Butte. After one }ear, in 1877, he took a posi-
tion as cashier in the bank of Donnell, Clark &
Larabie, a well-known banking institution in the
west, where he continued in the same position
until 1886. In 1884 he acquired Mr. Donnell's
interest in the institution and shortly afterwards
Mr. Larabie retired, when the firm name was
changed to W. A. Clark & Bro., and as such
continues to the present day, the partners being
William A. Clark and J. Ross Clark, the latter
still giving attention to the bank and its man-
agement.

During his residence in Montana, April 16,
1878, Mr. Clark married Miss Miriam A. Evans,

^>--L^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1015

who was born in Ohio, but at the time was a
resident of Montana. They have two children,
Ella H. and Walter M. The family are con-
nected with the First Congregational Church of
Los Angeles. In 1892 Mr. Clark established his
home in Los Angeles, and has since become
known as one of the most reliable business men
of the city.

D. W. STRAHAN. No influence has en-
tered into the upbuilding of Santa Ynez more
progressive than that exerted by D. W. Strahan.
who, among other interests, is conducting a
large general mercantile business in the towni
of his adoption. He was born in Clayton,
Brown county. 111., November 23, 1846, and was
reared on the farm of his parents, Alexander
and Malinda (Slagle) Strahan, natives respec-
tively of Kentucky and Illinois. The father
came to Illinois at a very early day, and was
successful and prominent in the neighborhood
in which he settled. There were fourteen chil-
dren in the family, of whom D. W. is second,
and the only one in California. In 1855 he ac-
companied the rest of the family to Lamar
county, Tex., and was there when the hostility
between the north and south culminated in the
Civil war. During the latter part of the war he
was conscripted into the Confederate ser^'ice,
and was detailed on guard duty at his own
home, though he and all his people were known
to be Union men.

In 1866 Mr. Strahan left Texas and went to
Kansas for a year, being accompanied by the
whole family, who also later went with him to
Arkansas. His separation from the parents and
the rest of the children occurred in 1875, when
he made his way to Prescott, Ariz., where he be-
came interested in farming, stock-raising and
mining. In all of these enterprises he was suc-
cessful, and he still owns property and inter-
ests there. Owing to somewhat impaired vital-
ity he came to California in 1891, having
bought property here in 1888. Upon locating
in Santa Ynez, he erected a concrete store, and
laid in a stock of general merchandise. At the
present time he has the largest place of the kind
in the town, and is catering to a constantly in-
creasing trade.

Fine financial and executive ability have con-
spired to make Mr. Strahan one of the most
substantial of the citizens of Santa Ynez, and
he is foremost in all worthy undertakings with
the object of progression. He exerts that solid
influence known only to men who have made a
success of what they started out to do, and who
have been amply rewarded for their pains by a
considerable accumulation of worldly goods
and chattels. He has a beautiful home two
miles out of the town, erected by himself with
an eye to comfort and modern convenience, and
surrounded by trees and shrubbery and a fine

fruit-bearing orchard. Mr. Strahan is a Demo-
crat in politics, but has no time for political of-
fice holding. His first vote was cast for Greeley,
and he espoused the cause of free silver by vot-
ing for Bryan. Fraternally he is a Mason, and
is associated with the blue lodge of Prescott,
Ariz.

While living in Cincinnati, Ark., in 1867, Mr.
Strahan married Susie Ellis, a native of Illinois,
and a daughter of M. O. Ellis, formerly of
Xenia, Ohio.

LOUIS ROEDER. The ship on which Mr.
Roeder came to California entered the Golden
Gate May 10, 1856. He remained in San Fran-
cisco until the 28th of November, and then came
to Los Angeles, where he commenced work at
his trade in the shop of John Goller, who was
the first, and at that time the only, wagon man-
ufacturer in Los Angeles. He was located on
Los Angeles street, between Commercial and
Laguna streets. For seven years, and until
1863, he remained with this employer. He then
leased a lot on :Main street,adjoining the present
German-American Bank on the north, and,
making some improvements thereon, he con-
ducted a wagon-making business on the site for
five years. From 1865 he had the late Louis
Lichtenberger associated with him as a partner.
In 1866 they purchased a business lot at No.
128 South Main street and erected thereon the
two-story brick Lichtenberger block, which still
stands. Three years later they built the two-
story brick block now owned by J. Khurtz, at
the northwest corner of Second" and Main
streets. The partnership with Mr. Lichtenberger
continued about three years, when Mr. Roeder
retired from the firm, selling his entire interest
to his partner. Mr. Roedefs next step was the
purchase of one hundred feet frontage on Spring
street, adjoining the Nadeau hotel, where he
established himself as a wagon manufacturer.
The north fifty feet of the lot he improved,
erecting thereon a commodious and substantial
brick block. Later he built a like structure on
the south half of the property. For four years
he did business in the first liiuilding he erected.
The property became valuable for renting pur-
poses and he finally retired from business, since
which time he has given his attention to the
oversight of his extensive real-estate holdings
in the city.

FRANK D. BULLARD, A. M., M. D. After
having been connected with the Sierra Aladre
College, Pasadena, for one term as an in-
structor. Dr. Bullard passed the teacher's exam-
ination in Los Angeles county and in 1885-86
was principal of the Azusa schools. In the fall
of 1886 he entered the medical department ot
the University of Southern California, where
he continued his study of the science he had

101(5

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

commenced some years before. While carrying
on this course he was for a year resident stu-
dent in the Los Angeles County Hospital, and
in 1891 he spent a year in the same institution
as assistant county physician. Shortly after his
graduation from the university and his marriage
to Dr. Rose Talbott (which occurred Alay 3,
1888), he and his wife went to Europe, where
they spent some months in the study of medi-
cine under the best instructors of Germany, and
also had considerable hospital experience in
\'ienna. Returning to Los Angeles, they opened
an office in this city, and since June, 1896, have
occupied a suite in the Bradbury block. They
are actively identified with the State and South-
ern California IMedical Associations, and of the
latter society he is now secretary. They are also
connected with the County Medical Society, of
which he was the president in 1899, and his wife
the secretary. 1 hey have an only child, Helen,
who was born May 15, 1892.

For five years Dr. F. D. Bullard was editor
of the Sontliern California Practitioner, but
afterward sold his interest to Dr. Walter Lind-
ley, since which time he and his wife have acted
as associate editors. At this writing he is pro-
fessor of chemistry in the medical department
of the Southern California L^niversity. All for-
ward movements, especially those of a profes-
sional and literary nature, receive his warm sup-
port and encouragement. He is connected with
the University Club, of which he is secretary
at this writing. He is also connected with the
Y. M. C. A., and his wife with the Y. W. C. A.,
of which she is first vice-president. In those
circles where high intellectual gifts and broad
knowledge are lecognized as the sine qua non
of culture, both have an assured standing. Dr.
Bullard is the author of "The Apistophilon,"
a poem bearing a resemblance to the "'Rubai-
yat" of Omar Khayyam, but breathing the high-
est optimism, in direct contrast to the pessi-
mistic spirit of the Oriental poet.

GEORGE FROST. Having disposed of his
interests in the east, in the fall of 1882 Mr. Frost
came to Riverside, where he at once identified
himself with horticultural and farming interests.
His connection with the Riverside Water Com-
pany dates from 1887, and for the past eight
years he has been its president. Since the or-
ganization of the Orange Growers' Bank of
Riverside he has been a director, and during the
first six years of its existence served as its vice-
president. Since the electric system has been
the motive power of the local street railway
cars he has been president of the Riverside
Electric Street Railway Company, which now
has seven miles of line in operation, two miles
in process of construction, and four miles, all

within the city limits, now under consideration.
Financially interested in the Concrete Pipe
Company, he is a director in that organization.

The benefit of the Riverside Water Company,
of which Mr. Frost is president, cannot be. over-
estimated, as under its auspices almost the en-
tire development of this region has been made
possible. Its history extends back to 18/I,
when the Southern California Colony Associa-
tion purchased from Louis Rubidoux the old
Rubidoux tract, on which they laid out a city
and provided canals for irrigating purposes.
Five years later the colony was merged into the
Riverside Land and Irrigation Company, while
the canals became the property of the Riverside
Canal Company. In 1885 the Riverside Water
Company was organized and incorporated, and
this organization absorbed the Riverside Canal
Company. Since its incorporation there have
been five presidents, namely : J\lr. Everest, A. P.
Johnson, John G. North, Dr. Jarvis and George
Frost, the last named having held the office
since 1893. By means of iron pipes in 1885 the
domestic supply for the city was secured from
an artesian well, ten miles up the valley. The
pressure of from sixty to eighty pounds to
the inch is sufficient to furnish protection for the
highest buildings in Riverside. Not only is the
plant the largest in the city, but its system is
being enlarged from year to year. Aside from
the valuable lands and the improvements that
came from the Riverside Canal Company, the
plant represents an investment of $175,000, and
the total valuation of the property is $305,000.
In addition the irrigating system, from artesian
wells and Warm creek, a tributary of the Santa
Ana river, represents an investment of $870,000.
The company owns over eight hundred acres of
artesian land, which has been purchased for the
protection of the irrigators and as a future
source of water supply, the same representing a
value of nearly $150,000 The minimum supply
of water during the irrigating season is about
twenty-seven hundred inches, measured at the
head gates, and this irrigates about ten thou-
sand acres of land.

Under the co-operative system the twenty-
four thousand shares comprising the stock of
the company are apportioned among the own-
ers of the twelve thousand acres of land pro-
vided with irrigation, the rate being two shares
of stock for each acre of land. The shares are
not transferable, except on an exchange of the
title to the land. The price of irrigating water
is fixed by the city board of trustees at fifteen
cents per inch for twenty-four hours' service,
the average cost per acre being $8 per annum.
At no time have the stockholders been limited
in the quantity of water used, but each one has
been allowed to use whatever in his judgment
seemed advisable, and this procedure has proved
satisfactory to all.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1017

JOSEPH M. MILLER. Very few remain of
that heroic band of emigrants who crossed the
plains in 1849. The large majority, after hav-
mg escaped or overcome the hostility of In-
dians and confronted dangers seen and unseen
through a long period of pioneer years, have
finally succumbed to that last enemy of all.
Death. Worthy of mention among those who
are still spared to enjoy the civilization of the
twentieth century is Joseph INI. Miller, who now
makes his home at No. 1212 Grand avenue, Los
Angeles. He was born in Womelsdorf, Adams
county, Pa., June 15, 1832, and at the age of
five years was taken by his parents, Valentine
and Meribah Barton (Moon) Miller, to Mount
Carmel, 111., where the father carried on a drug
business.

At the time gold was discovered in California
Mr. Miller was a youth of seventeen. Possess-
ing a love for adventure, which had received
added impetus through two trips on fiatboats
down the Mississippi river to New Orleans, he
at once began to plan a trip across the plains,
and his constant urging of the plan at last inter-
ested his father, who decided to accompany him.
The two, with several others who had become
interested, fitted out an ox-train with ten yoke
of oxen and started for the far west. After a
tedious journey of seven months, during which
all but one yoke of oxen died or gave out, they
arrived at Longs Bar on Feather river, October
20, 1849. The little band, with only one yoke
of oxen and little stock of provisions, did not
present a prosperous appearance, but they were
ambitious, and in those days results and not
appearances counted. Like all miners, they had
their ups and downs, yet in the main they were
not unsuccessful.

After two years Mr. Miller's father went back
to Illinois, where the son joined him in the
spring of 1854, and in the fall of that year the
entire family, consisting of father, mother and
six children, with all their worldly belongings,
started across the plains with four four-horse
teams and two riding animals. They came
through Beckwith's Pass and arrived at Eureka
Mills, in Plumas county, with one wagon and
two horses, the other sixteen horses having died
on the journey. There were in the family
Adolphus, Edward and Georgiana, all of whom
are now deceased; Joseph M.; Mrs. E. M. Bir-
mingham, of Strawberry valley, Yuba county;
and Mrs. Virginia Bedell, whose home is near
Bangor, Cal. While the father followed mining
much of the time, he also devoted some atten-
tion to the development of a ranch which he
purchased near Bangor, Butte county. On that
place he died in 1893, having survived his wife
six years. Both were active and strong until
shortly before they died. While his father was
ranching and mining, J. M. Miller devoted his
attention almost wholly to merchandising and

mining, and in his search for favorable open-
ings traveled through Mexico and all of the
great west. Indeed, it is said by some that there
is not a mining camp or a prospect in all of
these states with which he is not familiar. He
sank the first hole on Miller's Creek, near
Salmon river, Idaho, and devoted much time to
prospecting there. Sometimes fortune favored
him and he made large profits; again, luck was
against him and he would have to meet heavy
losses, so the years passed by with their failures
and successes, their joys and sorrows. In 1866
he settled in Ventura, but the next year went
to Soledad Pass in Los Angeles county, where
he engaged in general merchandising, thence
going back to Ventura, where in 1876 he was
elected sherif? on the Democratic ticket. This
election was a tribute to his popularity, for the
county was Republican by a large majority.
Another ofiice which he filled while there was
that of school trustee. He was also agent for
the Coast Line Stage Company and Wells-
Fargo Express Company. In 1880 he moved
to Los Angeles, which he had first visited in
1862 and which is still his home. His marriage
united him with Josephine, daughter of Louis
and Josefa Arenas, and a native of Azusa, Cal.
Three children were born of their union,
namely: Charles A., of Los Angeles; Ida, wife
of Frederick Sennett, of Los Angeles; and Vir-
ginia, J\lrs. Frank J. Palomares, also of this city.
Out of fifteen persons comprising the part}'
who crossed the plains with Mr. Miller in 1849,
the only ones now living are Dr. C. W. Bush,
who resides in Los Angeles, and John Bush,
who resides in Sidney, Ohio. The remainder
have crossed "The Great Divide."

JAMES M. PARK. In these days of extraor-
dinary accomplishment, of utilized forces once
hardly understood, of overcoming obstacles in
the light of luminous and progressive science,
there seem interminable vistas for all, however
different their capacities, or how varied their
natural gifts. In the exuberance of our admira-
tion for all who develop to the extent of their
power their special talents, we cannot fail to
note as worthy of mention James M. Park, a
rancher at Montecito, and a gentleman of broad
culture, fine literary discrimination, and exten-
sive horticultural knowledge. He was born in
Columbus, Ohio, March 2, 1852, a son of Plumb
M. and Charlotte (Peck) Park, and his educa-
tion was acquired at the Institute for the Deaf
at Columbus, and at the National Deaf Mute
College, near Washington, D. C, at which latter
institution he took the degree of A. B.

For the following seven years he was en-
gaged in educational work at the School for
the Deaf at Columbus, and in 1883 came to
Santa Barbara, locating on a ranch in the Mon-
tecito valley purchased the year before. Tlie

lOlS

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RFXORD.

land was raw and unimproved, and he at once
began its development, planting a portion of
the forty acres with orange seeds, and later
budded to three varieties of lemon. One-third
of the trees are sixteen years old, and the bal-
ance are about seven years old. The crop is
increasing each year, and in 1900 he had two
thousand boxes to show for the care exercised.
For the size it is one of the healthiest and most
productive groves in Montecito, and this is sur-
prising when it is known that when first taken
in hand by Mr. Park there was no water for
irrigating. In order to meet this dire necessity
he purchased a water right from the creek, de-
veloped and piped the water to a reservoir built
by himself and holding two hundred thousand
gallons, from which it runs by gravity to the
trees. The well is much lower than the pipe,
and the water is brought to the surface by
syphon. All these improvements have been un-
dertaken under the personal supervision of Mr.
Park, and his entire time is devoted to the man-
agement of his property.

The marriage of Mr. Park and Elizabeth
Reed, a native of Louisiana, occurred in Colum-
bus, Ohio, in 1876. To Mr. and Mrs. Park have
been born three children, James, Mabel, and
Edwin M. Mr. Park has been prominent in the
affairs of the Republican party, and served on
the board of school trustees of the Montecito
school district for one year.

his marriage to Elizabeth Fewkes, a native of
Nottingham, England, he has two daughters:
Lizzie, wife of J. T. Peed; and Dora, who is a
professional nurse in Los Angeles.

HENRY FERN. Since 1888 Mr. Fern has
made his home in Santa Barbara and has been
engaged in contracting and building. He was
born in Gloucestershire, England, August 6,
1834, and is a son of William and Lucy (Reed)
Fern, natives of the same shire as himself. His
paternal grandfather, who came from Derby-
shire, was a brick mason and contractor, while
the maternal grandfather was a dry-goods mer-
chant. Of a family of twelve children, Henry
Fern was the only one to come to America. It
was in 1871 that he crossed the ocean and es-
tablished his home in the United States. His
first location was Kansas City, where he en-
gaged in contracting and building. In 1873 he
came to California, where he first followed his
chosen occupation in Woodland. After some
seven years he removed to Bonanza Springs,
Lake county, and, while regaining his health,
which had been impaired by overwork, he kept
a summer hotel. As soon as he was strong
enough to resume contracting he came to Santa
Barbara, where he is a well-known contractor
and brick manufacturer. .A.mong his contracts
were those for the Fithian block, and the White-
head, Alexander and Kellogg residences. About
1893 he built a brick yard on West Haley street,
which has a capacity of five thousand brick per
day. In politics he is independent and in re-
ligion a member of the Christian Church, By

JOHN T. PEED. The Kent family is of
English ancestry, and many successive genera-
tions were born in East Kent, including the sub-
ject of this article, his father James, and grand-
father, James, Sr. The last-named was for many
years employed in the coast guard, while the
father was for thirty-three years a foreman in the
government shipyards at Sheerness on the sea,
being finally retired on a pension. At the age of
seventy years he makes his home now at Ea=t
Church. His wife, who bore the maiden name
of Mary Quest, was born in East Kent, where
her father, George, was a farmer and for a time
also a government employe. At the time of
her death, in 1894, she was sixty years of age.
Of her nine children all but one are still living.
John T., who is the only one of the family in
America, was born Wednesday, September 6,
1859, and received a limited education in Sheer-
ness. At the age of eleven years he began to
learn the painter's trade under George Ayre in
Sheerness, with whom he worked for eight years.

During 1881 Mr. Peed came across the ocean,
proceeding by steamer through the Straits of
Magellan and going to \'alparaiso. South
America, thence to Callao, Montevideo, and
other ports of that country, where he worked
at his trade. Later, going to the Sandwich
Islands, he was similarly employed. In 1883 he
first saw California, at which time he secured
employment at his trade in San Francisco.
From there, in 1885, he came to Santa Barbara,
where he worked on the Dibblee mansion about
eight months, and has since engaged in con-
tracting in this city, with the exception of three
and one-half years spent in San Francisco at
the same line of business. Among his contracts
have been those for interior decoration of the
Crocker mansion, Old Ladies' Home, Hunting-
ton mansion and others in San Francisco, and
the residences of Mr. Hopkins, Mrs. Chamber-
lain, Mrs. Rogers and Mrs. Drayer. the Cottage
hospital, Fithian block, Countrj- Club house,
the residence of William Alexander and the
Alexander block, and the Howard, Kellogg and
Spaulding residences; also many fine residences
in Montecito. He erected the residence which
he occupies at No. 318 West Carrillo street.
Fraternally he is connected with the Woodmen
of the World; the lodge of Odd Fellows, in
which he is a past officer; the encampment, in
which he is now an officer; and in these various
fraternities, as well as in general movements
calculated to promote the public welfare, he
lakes a warm interest.

In Santa Barbara, July 14, 1888, Mr. Peed
married Miss Lizzie Fern, who was born in

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1021

Nottingham, England, and received an excel-
lent education in San Francisco, where she had
the privilege of study under a celebrated musi-
cian of the west.

WILLIAM H. W0RK:MAN, the president
of the Workman Company, has resided in
Southern California since 1854, when he, a boy
of fifteen years, was brought to the state by his
parents, David and Nancy (Hook) Workman.
He was born in Boonville, j\Io., in 1839.

In the family of David and Nancy \Vorkman
there were three sons. The eldest, Thomas H.,
was killed by the explosion of the steamer Ada
Hancock in Wilmington harbor April 27, 1863.
The second son, Elijah H., settled at Boyle
Heights, and the third son, William H., is also a
resident of Los Angeles. The last-named fol-
lowed the printer's .trade for a time after com-
ing to California, and then for twenty years was
connected with his brother in the saddlery and
harness business. For some years he has given
his attention to the real estate business, in
which he has important interests. Particularly
has he been interested in the improvement of
Boyle Heights, by the introduction of water,
street car lines and other improvements.

During 1887 and 1888 Mr. Workman filled
the office of mayor of Los Angeles, and he has
also been a member of the city council and the
board of education. In his political views he is
a Democrat. His marriage, in 1867, united him
with ]\Iiss Maria E. Boyle, daughter of A. A.
Boyle; they are the parents of two sons and
four daughters.

ARTHUR N. SANBORN. The name of
Sanborn is well known in Pomona, not only by
reason of the connection of A. M. Sanborn
with its brick-contracting interests, but also on
account of the prominence of his father, Isaac
Sanborn, who was connected with important
enterprises here for some years. The family de-
scends from old and substantial New England
ancestry. The parents of Isaac were John D.
and Huldah A. (Frye) Sanborn, natives of San-
bornton, N. H., and pioneers of Medford, Minn.,
where they took up a tract of raw land far re-
moved from civilization. All their supplies had
to be hauled sixty miles. Indians were their
only visitors, and for miles around there was
no white woman except Mrs. Sanborn. Through
all of these privations and hardships they
worked their way to independence and comfort.

In Sanbornton, N. H.. Isaac Sanborn was
born August 11, 1831, and there and at Lowell.
Mass., he learned the early lessons of life. For
many years he followed brick-mason's trade,
first in the east, then in St. Paul. Minn., next at
Medford, thence to Clinton Falls, and finally
to Owatonna, which was the county-seat of
Steele county. C>n leaving Minnesota he set-

tled in Sedalia, Mo., and from there moved to
Windsor, same state, where his parents died.
Not feeling satisfied with the climate he came
to California and selected Pomona as having the
most healthful climate, in his opinion, of any of
the towns of this locality. In 1888 he became
vice-president of a company which erected a
brick building and established a cannery. At
first he was connected with J. H. ^lertz, who
was president, and later C. C. Morse and J. E.
Ball were admitted to the firm. Employment
was furnished to almost one hundred hands. At
the expiration of three years he sold his interest
in the factory and entered into the brick-con-
tracting business, but in 1901 the failure of his
health necessitated his retirement.

The marriage of Isaac Sanborn united him
with Flora A., daughter of Joseph and Anna
C. (Sawyer) Sawder. She was born in Warner,
N. H., and graduated from Mount Holyoke
Seminary in 1857, after which she engaged in
teaching. With her parents she removed to
Medford, Minn., where she was a pioneer
teacher, first having a school in her father's
cabin, and later teaching in a small frontier
school house. In later years she has main-
tained her interest in pedagogy and has broad-
ened her sphere of knowledge by general read-
ing. This she has done in a'ddition to carefully
rearing her sons and daughters and preparing
them for fields of usefulness in the world. Born
of her marriage were the following-named chil-
dren: Arthur N.; Jessie L., wife of W. C. Rob-
ertson, of Los Angeles; Alice M. and William
H., both deceased; AHce M., at home; Charles
H., who is in Los Angeles; Bertha, a teacher
in a high school in Los Angeles; Amy, wife of
J. T. Allen, Ph. D., of the State University at
Berkeley; and Flora, a teacher of the Pomona
high school. The family are connected with
the Congregational Church and Mr. Sanborn is
a trustee in the same.

In Owatonna, Minn., Arthur N. Sanborn was
horn in 1859. Until twenty-one he followed
farming, after which he learned the brick busi-
ness and worked as a journeyman. In 1887 he
came to California. For eight years he worked
in Los Angeles, in the meantime doing con-
tract work also in other towns. From there
he came to Pomona, his present home. Among
his contracts may be mentioned those foV
Armory Hall, Odd Fellows' building. Main
Street stables, Bartlett and Wright buildings,
electric light plant, pumping plant, the Brady
block. Union block, Hansler. Stein block, be-
sides numerous other public buildings. Since
igoo he has built several structures in Los An-
geles, where he has also done considerable re-
modeling. By all who have given him con-
tracts he is conceded to be a master mechanic
and an expert workman, one who thoroughly
understands all the details of his business.

1023

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

l-"raternally he is connected with the Knights
of Pythias, and in religion is a member of the
First' Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1885 he
married Miss Lucy A. Dickinson, who was born
in London, England, and came to America with
her parents, John and Anna Dickinson, settling
in Missouri "upon a farm. After the death of
lier father i\Irs. Dickinson removed to Pomona,
of which she is now a resident. The children of
Mr. and Mrs. Sanborn are John H., Carlos
Herbert, Leslie Franklin, Ethel May and Ruth
Carroll.

JAjMES E. SLOAN, the genial and well
known Santa Barbara agent for the Southern
Pacific Railroad Company, was born in Vallejo,
Solano county, Cal, August 10, 1870. His
father, James Sloan, is a native of Ireland, and
of Scotch-Irish parentage, while the mother,
Annie (Foster) Sloan, was born at Niagara
Falls, where the Foster flats are named after
her father. James Sloan came to California in
1852, and since that time has lived in the same
little house in Vallejo, and held the same posi-
tion in the steam engineering department at
Mare Island navy yards. His home and his
own unobtrusive, kindly personality form one of
the landmarks of the town which has for nearly
half a century accounted him an honored mem-
ber of the community.

In the Vallejo public schools Mr. Sloan re-
ceived his initial education, which formed the
nucleus for ever continued reading and ob-
servation. In 1884 he entered the employ of
the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, during
the construction of the California and Oregon
road, and later filled positions as agent at sev-
eral places throughout New Mexico and Ari-
zona. For two years he was located at Fresno,
Cal, and in 1897 was transferred to Summer-
land, and has since held the first and only
agency of the road at this point. No one has
endeavored to promote the best interests of
the place more than he, or has more rapidly
.-md surely gained a firm footing in the com-
mercial and social world here represented.
Since coming here he has become interested in
the oil industry, and is one of the stockholders
in the North Star Oil Company, which is
operating seven wells. FIc is also interested in
several other wells, and owns considerable real-
estate in Summerland, his purchases indicating
a profound faith in the continued prosperity of
liis adopted town, and his appreciation of the
manifold advantages of residence here. He is
a member of the ^Masonic Order at Santa Bar-
bara, is a Royal Arch Mason and has passed all
the degrees obtainable in America. He is also
a charter member of the local Knights of
Pythias. In 1895 Mr. Sloan married Miss
Clason, and of this union there is one child.
I'crnicc ?Ielen Sloan.

RUFUS D. SMITH, Sr. A resident of Santa
Barbara since 1876, IMr. Smith is of eastern
lineage. His father, Johnston Smith, was born
at Topsham, A't., in 1797, and became a farmer,
mill-wright and mill-builder. In 1868 he re-
moved to Spring Valley, ]\Iinn., where he died
in 1877, aged eighty years. His mother was a
member of the Johnston family, of the colonial
period, and he was also descended from the
Smiths, Thompsons and Wilsons, who emi-
grated from Londonderry, Ireland, and were
pioneers of Londonderr}% N. H. The wife of
Johnston Smith was Emeline S. Wilson, a native
of Sutton, Vt., and descended from north of
Ireland ancestry. At this writing she makes
her home with her son, Rufus D., and is eighty-
four years of age. Of her family, four sons and
two daughters attained mature years, and all
but one daughter are still living. They are
named as follows: J. W., of Santa Barbara,
who was captain of Company K, Eighth Ver-
mont Infantry, during the Civil war; Charles
E., also of Santa Barbara, who was a member
of Company B, Eleventh Vermont Infantry,
which was changed to the First Vermont Heavy
Artillery; Rufus D.; Frank J., a business man
and farmer of Spring Valley, Minn.; and Mrs.
Helen J. Garfield, of Santa Barbara.

In Newark, Caledonia county, \'t., Rufus D.
Smith, Sr., was born May 2, 1846. He was
reared on a farm near Newark, Vt. In Novem-
ber, 1861, he volunteered in Company K, Eighth
^^ermont Infantry, and accompanied Butler's
expedition to New Orleans. He and his
brother, J. W., were captured in September,
1862, and for ten weeks remained in Vicksburg
and other prisons, after which they returned to
New Orleans on parole. Three months later
they were exchanged, and at once joined their
regiment at what is now Morgan City, La.
Somewhat the worse for his prison experiences,
Mr. Smith was honorably discharged in April,

1864, and returned to Vermont. In February,

1865, he enlisted in Company D, Ninth Regi-
ment Veterans Reserve Corps, and serA'ed for
a time at St. Albans, Vt., but later was sent to
guard the White House at Washington, D. C,
where he remained until his discharge, Novem-
ber 20, 1865.

From Vermont in 1867 Mr. Smith moved to
Spring Valley, Minn., where he engaged in
farming, and later acted as police judge. In
1876 he came to Santa Barbara and became a
tobacconist. Only a year after settling here he
was obliged to have his right leg amputated, as
a result of the sufferings of his prison life. Dur-
ing that same year (1877) he was elected justice
of the peace, and two years later was re-elected,
serving until he resigned March i, 1880, to ac-
cept the position of under sheriff with C. E.
Sherman. Three years later he was chosen
under sheriff with R. J. Broughfon, with whom

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

he remained for twelve years, and then remained
under T. H. Hicks for four years. He is now
serving under Nat Stewart, this being his
twenty-first year in the office, and he is consid-
ered the best posted man in California in mat-
ters relating to the sheriff's office and the duties
thereof. Politically he is a pronounced Repub-
lican. While living in Minnesota he was made
a Mason and is now a member of Lodge No.
242, of which he has been secretary. Starr King
Post keeps alive his interest in the Grand Army
and the veterans of the Civil war. In the First
Church of Christ, Scientist, he is a member of
the board of trustees and the present clerk of
the same.

In Barton, Vt., January 9, 1867, Mr. Smith
married Miss Lucy M. Lebourveau, who is of
French descent. They have five children now
living: Gilman W., and Rufus D., Jr., who are
engaged in the livery business; James W., a
graduate of the Hastings Law School and a
practicing attorney; Lyndol J., a clerk; and
Edson A., who is in the real-estate business
with W. W. Burton. The sons are residents of
Santa Barbara, where they are very popular.

RUFUS D. SMITH, Jr. When his parents
came to Santa Barbara, Mr. Smith was a mere
lad. He was born in Spring Valley, Minn..
November 10, 1869, a son of Rufus D. Smith,
Sr., who has been under sheriff of Santa Bar-
bara county for twenty-one years. Educated in
the public schools of this city, the youth began
to take an active part in life's realities at an
early age. When fourteen he secured employ-
ment with Cooper & Dreyfus, in surveying.
His next work was with Lawrence & Comstock,
of the Santa Barbara Transfer Company, after
which he was one year with Capt. George F.
Ellis. In 1891 he went to San Jose, where he
was employed by the San Jose Cab Company
for three years. Returning to Santa Barbara,
he was deputy county recorder under Neil J.
^ Murphy for a year, and for a similar period
served as a contractor for street grading. His
next position was as agent for the Santa Bar-
bara Transfer Company, and in the fall of 1895
he became agent for the Los Angeles Transfer
Company. After having filled that position un-
til December, 1896, he returned to his former
position as agent for the Santa Barbara Trans-
fer Company, but June 30, 1901, he resigned in
order to give his entire attention to the livery
business, in which he had previously become
interested. With his father he had bought out
the livery interests of W. H. Meyers, in October,
1899, thus acquiring the ownership of the
Fa.shion Stables, at No. 532 State street. .As
manager of this business, he finds his time fully
occupied. The building is 50x150 feet in dimen-
sions, with thirtv stalls. The vehicles are of

modern style, the surreys and buggies being
cloth-lined and first-class in every respect. A
specialty is made of the winter tourist business,
a number of drives to interesting points having
been arranged in such a manner that sightseers
may secure a splendid idea of life on the coast,
at a comparatively small expenditure of time
and money. The principal drives are those to
Hot Springs, Montecito Valley, the Crocker-
Sperry lemon ranch, Carpinteria, Goleta and the
'Mountain and Mesa drives, also those to the
Cooper, Hollister, Stow and Shepard ranches,
and Bartlett canon.

A charter member of McCook Camp, Sons
of Veterans, Mr. Smith continued his connec-
tion with this camp during its existence. In
politics he is a Republican. He is a charter
m.ember of the Benevolent Protective Order of
Elks in Santa Barbara and is associated with
the Fraternal Brotherhood. In Santa Barbara
he married Miss Mary E. Tucker, by whom he
has one child, Fred Tucker Smith. Mrs. Smith
was born near Boston, Mass., a daughter of C.
G. and Catherine G. Tucker, natives of England.
Her father, who was an architect and builder in
Massachusetts, came to Santa Barbara in 1886,
and afterward erected some of the most sub-
stantial and costly residences in this city. His
death occurred in November, 1900, soon after
he had completed a handsome residence for his
son-in-law, Mr. Smith, at No. 1230 Garden
street.

G. F. STEPHENSON. The Stephenson
family is of English descent, its most illustrioiis
representative having been George Stephenson,
the inventor of the steam engine. In every
family certain inherited traits are noticeable,
and this family has been especially characterized
by mechanical skill. However, George A.,
father of G. F. Stephenson, won his first suc-
cess in an occupation widely different from that
in which many others of the name have en-
gaged, being through all his active life a prac-
titioner of the medical profession. Reared in
Greenville, Pa., where his father was a me-
chanic, his surroundings were such as to give
him a taste for mechanical arts, but instead he
early showed an inclination for the practice of
medicine. After graduating, he practiced in
Cleveland, Ohio, then in Michigan and later in
Iowa. During the Civil war he served as
surgeon of a Pennsylvania regiment.

It was after he came to California, about
1874, that Dr. Stephenson first activelv engaged
in the occupation which his father and other an-
cestors had followed. His inherited mechanical
skill found an outlet in the manufacture of
surgical instruments, in which he met with en-
couraging success, and he continued a manu-
facturer until his retirement, since which time
he has made his home in Los Angeles. .After

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1024

coming to California he was married, in Sacra-
mento, to Fredericka Loeplich, of German de-
scent. Four children were born of their union,
namely: G. F., whose birth occurred in Sacra-
mento May 29, 1877; Arthur G., a business man
of Los Angeles; Herman P., who served in the
Philippines for two and one-half years as a mem-
ber of Troop B, Fourth United States Cavalry;
and Mabel, of Los Angeles.

\\hen about five years of age G. F. Stephen-
son was taken to Chicago and later to Inde-
pendence, Kans., coming in 1888 to Los
Angeles, where he attended the grammar and
high schools, and in 1895, at the conclusion of
a night course, was graduated from the Los
Angeles Business College. Meantime he had
served an apprenticeship of three years with the
Pacific Manufacturing Company, and at the ex-
piration of his time he became a workman at
the trade, being for a time in Los Angeles and
then in San Bernardino, where he had charge
of the water plant. On his return to Los
Angeles he secured a position as machinist and
engineer in charge of the plant of James Jones
& Co., remaining there until 1900, when he was
appointed first assistant engineer of the \'an
Nuys Hotel. In recognition of his thorough
knowledge of engineering, he was promoted in
June, 1901, becoming chief engineer of both of
the Van Nuys hotels. During the summer of
1901 he gave his attention to the remodeling
and enlarging of the plant, which is now with-
out a peer of its kind through all the west. Hy-
draulic elevators have been introduced, new
engines provided, and a private system for the
lighting up of the hotels established.

In the spring of 1902 Mr. Stephenson erected
the power house used for the new Potter Hotel
of Santa Barbara, which is one of the largest
on the Pacific coast. He also superintended the
putting in the hotel of the plumbing and elec-
trical plant. The supervision of the large plant is
a work of great responsibility, and the discharge
of his many duties leaves Mr. Stephenson little
time for participation in outside matters; hence
he has taken no part in politics aside from vot-
ing the Republican ticket, and is connected
with no fraternal society except the Foresters
of America, while along the line of his special
occupation he is interested in the National As-
sociation of Stationary Engineers, Los Angeles
No. 2, in the work of which he maintains a deep
interest.

STEPHEN S. SKIDMORE. Through his
connection with the J. M. Griffith Lumber Com-
pany Mr. Skidmore is associated with one of
the leading concerns of Downey. At the time
of the incorporation of the company in 1887.
he became a stockholder and has long acted
as manager. In Cass county. Tex., Mr. Skid-
more was born October 25, 1835, a son of \\'il-

liam and Caroline (Williams) Skidmore, natives
respectively of Kentucky and Tennessee. His
father, who was a son of Thomas Skidmore,
went to Alabama in youthful years and there
learned the blacksmith's trade. The year 1836
found him in Paris, Tex., where he ran a black-
smith shop and also conducted a hotel business.
About 1851 he removed to Cass county, Tex.,
and in 1869 came to California. After two years
in San Diego he removed to Downey. During
the Mexican war he was a ranger and a member
of the home guard and at the time of the Civil
war his sympathies were strongly on the side of
the south. In politics he always voted with the
Democrats. His death occurred at Downey in
1877 when he was sixty-five years of age. His
wife passed away in 1898, aged eighty-three.
They were the parents of the following-named
children: John T., who died at fifty years of age;
Marian, a resident of Long Beach. Cal. ; George
E.. who died March 26, 1899; Edward U., of
DowTiey; Margaret, whose home is at Long
Beach; and Stephen S., of Downey.

At the time of coming to California Stephen
S. Skidmore was a boy of fourteen, and two
years later he settled with his parents at Dow-
ney, which he has since considered his home,
although engaged in business at other points at
different times. For two years he was em-
ployed as a baggageman on the Southern Pa-
cifie Railroad in Arizona and for two years he
was employed in Los Angeles by the J. M.
Griffith Lumber Company, with which he has
been connected continuously since 1881. In the
city where he now lives he married Miss Eliza
Paulsell, by whom he has a son, Grey M., a
promising young man, now employed in the
Los Angeles office of the J. M. Griffith Com-
pany as collector and order clerk. With his
wife, Mr. Skidmore holds membership in the
Christian Church, in which he holds the office
of elder.

W. B. VAIL. Before the Southern Califor-
nia boom had reached its cJima.x, bringing with
it a motley throng of settlers and followed by
the years of depression and discouragement.
Mr. Vail came to this state and identified himself
with the promising city of Pasadena, where he
has since made his home. At once after com-
ing here he took up the business of contract
painting, which he had previously followed in
Kansas. Besides this special work, in which he
has executed some of the most important con-
tracts in the city, he also does considerable land-
scape painting.

In Perry county, Ohio, Mr. Vail was. born
June I. 1850, a son of Sanford A. and Maria
Ann (Rogers') V^U. His father, whose native
place was Orange county, N. Y., cleared and
improved a frontier farm, situated in Perry
count\-, Ohio. .After manv active and bnsv

Mrs. MARIANA W. De CORONEL

ANTONIO FRANCO CORONEL

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1029

years in that locality he removed still further
westward, settling in Piatt county, III, in 1859,
where he again found himself surrounded by
pioneer environments. Once again, in 1870, he
followed the march of civilization toward the
west, establishing his home in Emporia, Ivans.
His death occurred in Topeka, that state. His
wife was born near Pittsburg, Pa., and died in
Emporia. They were the parents of nine chil-
dren. One son, Stephen, now of Kansas, was a
member of Company D, Seventy-third Illinois
Infantry, during the Civil war and while fighting
in the ranks at Perryville received a severe
wound. Another son, Jackson, now living in
Missouri, served in the same company and
regiment. The sixth among the children was
W. B., of Pasadena. He accompanied his par-
ents to Illinois when nine years of age and to
Kansas at the age of twenty. Hence his youth
was spent principally amid the surroundings of
the frontier and he had no special advantages
for the acquirement of a finished education. In
youth he learned the painter's trade, which he
has since followed faithfully and well, winning
approbation by reason of painstaking care with
all contracts.

While living in Emporia, Kans., Mr. Vail mar-
ried Miss Hattie L. Hart, of that city, by whom
he has one son, Clarence E. The family are
connected with the First Christian Church of
Pasadena. Though not a partisan, Mr. Vail has
opinions of his own concerning matters that af-
fect the welfare of the nation, and gives his sup-
port to the Democratic party and its principles.
Fraternally he is connected with the Knights of
Pvthias, Uniform Rank.

DON ANTONIO FRANCO CORONEL.
The ancestry of the Coronel family is traced
back to the old world, where, according to tra-
dition, the king of Spain was rescued from an
otherwise fatal accident during a hunting ex-
pedition and the gallant hero of the occasion
took the monarch to his home, where he nursed
him back to health. In recognition of the deed,
the king called him to the throne and knighted
him, conferring upon him the name of Franco-
Coronel. Later generations accompanied Cortez
to Mexico, where the family still has numerous
representatives. Don Jose Ygnacio Franco
Coronel was a distinguished lawyer, and an of-
ficer under General Yturbide. On the breaking-
out of the Mexican war for independence, the
tyranny which the people sufTered led him to
ally himself with the revolutionary cause. With
him in this movement went the other members
of the viceroy's royal guard. Private meetings
were held in his house and the guard was
equipped from his private purse, while his
father, a man of large estate, furnished horses
and saddles for all. For thirteen years he was
an officer in the arm v. When Mexico had

gained its freedom, he once more sought private
life, and, exhausted by the hardships of many a
severe campaign, he sought the recreation of a
sea voyage, coming with the first colony to Cali-
fornia. He was appointed to establish a sem-
inary in Sonoma, but, the people not appreciat-
ing the opportunities thus •afforded, he decided
to return to Mexico. However, on reaching
Los Angeles, he was prevailed upon to remain.
LTnder his supervision was established the first
school in this city and this he conducted under
the Lancastrian system. The. schoolbooks used
in this pioneer school have been carefully pre-
served and are among the prized possessions of
Mrs. Mariana Coronel. In this city his family
joined him, and here he made his home until
his death in 1862.

At the time the family came to California
.\ntonio Franco Coronel was a youth of seven-
teen years. He had studied for the priesthood
in Mexico, but before the completion of .his
course, as his mind matured and his tastes be-
came more pronounced, he realized that he was
less fitted for this profession than for others. In
this decision he was influenced somewhat by his
desire to remain with his mother and minister
to her comfort. He was ever a dutiful son,
worthy of the affection of his mother, who was
in many respects a remarkable woman. That
she possessed unusual ability is proved by the
fact that, during her husband's absence in the
army and when necessity thrust upon her the
support of the family, she learned the tailor's
trade and established a large business. When
her husband returned home he found the busi-
ness so large that twenty-five men were required
to conduct it. During the war she twice went
into the enemy's camp, and on one occasion
rescued her two young brothers by disguising
them in women's clothes and sending them
away, while she remained in their place,"thereby
narrowly escaping execution.

In 1836 Don Antonio Franco Coronel en-
tered a tract of land from the Mexican govern-
ment. This large property was situated in Los
Angeles and formed the family homestead. He
also became the owner of several ranches in
Los Angeles and Orange counties. In many
ways he proved himself a helpful, public-spirited
citizen. He assisted the mission priests in com-
piling their annual reports to be sent to Spain
and Mexico, and thus became acquainted with
the native Indians, whose cause he warmly es-
poused. In securing data for "Ramona" Helen
Flunt Jackson was greatly aided by himself and
wife, and he furnished the data for the account
of Father Junipero, the founder of California
missions. Throughout all of his active life he
was interested in movements for the develop-
ment of local resources and the prosperity of
the state. Manv offices of importance were held
by him. In 1838 he was appointed assistant

1030

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

secretary of tribunals for Los Angeles, in 1843
was made judge of first instance (justice of the
peace), in 1844 was appointed inspector of
southern missions, in 1846 was a captain and
sergeant-at-arms in the JNIexican army during
the war with the United States, in 1847 and
1848 was a member of the body of magistrates,
in 1850 and 1851 served as county assessor, in
1853 was elected mayor of Los Angeles, for
thirteen years was a member of the city council,
for some years efficiently filled the position of
school director, and from 1866 to 1870 was
honored with the office of state treasurer. A
stanch believer in Democratic principles, he
aided his party through his active and intelli-
gent service as a member of county and state
committees, and in other ways labored to win
victory for its principles. At one time he was
president of the Spanish-American Benevolent
Society, while in the State Horticultural So-
ciety and in the Southern California Historical
Society he was well known and highly honored.
His father was a member of the first Masonic
lodge organized in the City of Mexico, but he
himself never became active in fraternal organ-
izations, finding greater pleasure in the cultiva-
tion of his literary tastes. One of the delights
of his later years was the collection of curios,
Spanish, Indian and ^Mexican, and after his
death Mrs. Coronel presented the collection to
the city of Los Angeles. Since then it has been
on exhibition in the Chamber of Commerce.

Not only was the name of Don Antonio
Franco Coronel a power among the Spanish
residents of California, but his influence was
also great among the American residents. Born
and reared in the city of Mexico, he had in
youth acquired the polished and courtly man-
ners characteristic of the sons of that southern
city. Added to these he had the broad mind
which education alone can give and the wide
knowledge which indicates cosmopolitan tastes.
Like his father, his sympathies were always with
the people, and, though himself of a most
aristocratic family in which pride of ancestry
blended with pride of personal honor, he was
essentially a man of the people, kind in his in-
tercourse with all and charitable toward those in
need. After seventy-seven active years, he died
April 17, 1894, at his home on Seventh street
and Central avenue, Los Angeles, and thus
passed from among us one of the greatest and
most honored representatives of the Spanish
regime in California, as well as one of the most
loyal supporters of our government under the
subsequent American rule.

MRS. MARIANA W. DE CORONEL.
Equal in many respects to the prominence
which Don Antonio Franco Coronel attained
among the citizens of Los Angeles was that
^'ained bv his talented wife, whose intimate con-

nection with many charitable institutions and
whose philanthropic spirit and recognized abil-
ity easily place her among the leading women
of the city where for so many years she has
made her home. On every hand are to be
found evidences of her wise benevolence. Yet,
numerous as are the enterprises in which she is
interested, they are surpassed in number by the
helpful charities which she has planned and the
realization of which she hopes to consummate
in future years. Ever active in promoting the
welfare of others, for years she was the devoted
counselor and companion of her husband, and
since his death has given herself to carrying for-
ward those movements with which he was in
sympathy and toward which he was a liberal
contributor.

The family of which Mrs. Coronel is a mem-
ber traces its ancestry to the days of William
the Conqueror, and the first of the name ac-
companied their cousin, Admiral Nelson, to
America. Her grandfather, Rev. John William-
son, was a i\Iethodist Episcopal minister, who
in 1806 removed from Maine to Ohio and set-
tled near the Harrison family, of national fame.
Later they removed to the vicinity of Newport,
in Campbell county, Ky. Her father. Nelson
Williamson, was born in Wiscasset, Me.,
March 16, 1802, and was the oldest son in the
family. When thirteen years of age, with a boy's
eagerness for adventure, he left home and went
to New Orleans, where he secured a position
as second mate on a Mississippi river steamer.
By a miracle, he escaped during a shipwreck in
which the vessel sank. He then went to Texas
and joined the volunteers under Gen. Winfield
Scott, serving in the battles of Vera Cruz, Palo
Alto, Buena Vista, Cerro Gordo, Cherubusco,
Chapultepec. San Pascua and Tobasco. After
the war he settled in San Antonio, Tex., where
he engaged in contracting and building and also
held the office of judge.

The discover}' of gold in California turned the
tide in the life of Mr. Williamson. As soon
thereafter as his affairs could be adjusted he
sought a home on the Pacific coast. While his
party were proceeding through Eagle Pass,
they were attacked by Comanches and all but
three were killed. Fortunately, he escaped with
only a slight wound in the knee. With this ex-
perience to discourage him, he returned to
Texas, but found that a cyclone had destroyed
his old home. The following year (1853) he
again started west, and this time no catastrophe
impeded his progress. Coming to Los Angeles,
he bought property near San Gabriel mission.
On securing a contract to erect the reser^'ation
buildings at Fort Tejon, he went there, but was
informed by the quartermaster that lumber
would not be ready for three weeks. To fill in
the interim, he decided to go to the Kern river
mining region, but while there was accidentally

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1031

shot by a friend, who took him for a bear. The
friend fled and it would have fared ill with the
wounded man had not another friend .happened
along that way. With the aid of this man, he
was taken to the stage and started back to Los
.•\ngeles, but it was three years before he had
recovered from the injury and was able to re-
sumo work. Meantime his partner had sold all
the property and left the country. Six years
after he left for Te.xas he returned to San An-
tonio and brought his family to California,
traveling via New Orleans and the Tehauntepec
route and thence up the ocean to San Fran-
cisco. Arriving in Los Angeles in the latter
])art of 1859, he turned his attention to the real-
estate and mercantile business, in which he con-
tinued until his death in 1893.

The marriage of Nelson Williamson united
him with Gertrude Roman, daughter of Alariano
and Francisca (Montollas) Roman. Her father
was a large freighter in Texas and died of yel-
low fever when returning home from a freight-
ing expedition to Galveston. During the revolu-
tion in San Antonio, when Santa Ana ordered
all of the residents to leave, Mr. and Mrs.
Roman were among those who were forced to
abandon their homes. Shortly after they had
left the city, in their cart, their daughter,
Gertrude, was born. They settled in New Mex-
ico, and some of the family were afterward mas-
sacred by the Comanche Indians there. The
Montollas family had been massacred by the
Taguacanos and Comanche Indians in New
Mexico. Mrs. Gertrude Romana de Williamson
died in San Antonio in June, 1894, in the faith
of the Roman Catholic Church, to which she
had always been a faithful adherent. Of her
marriage four daughters and two sons were
born, namely: Mariana, Mrs. Coronel; Flena,
wife of L. C. Pollard, of Los Angeles; Roberto
Owens, who died in 1890; Antoina Jefferson,
who died young; Louisa, who married Dr. R.
N. Hutchinson, of Santa Paula, and Gertrude,
the wife of Charles F. Earl, of Azusa, who is
engaged in the banking business in Chiapas,
Mexico.

Only eight years of Mrs. Coronel's life were
passed in Texas, and ever since then she has
made Los Angeles lier home. December 18,
1873, she was united in marriage with Don
.\ntonio Franco Coronel, and during the
twenty-one years of their happy married life she
gave herself to promoting his happiness and
ministering to his comfort. Since his death she
has superintended the estate, which includes
valuable property in Los Angeles and a ranch
of six hundred and fifty acres at Whittier. be-
sides important mining interests in .Miso Canon
and Oaxaca, Alexico. Possessing a mind that
is keen and active, the management of her prop-
erty does not represent the limit of her energy.
.'\mong tiie numerous organizations witli which

she is actively connected may be mentioned the
Indians Rights Association, the Southern Cali-
fornia Historical Society, Ladies' Aid Society,
Children's Home Society, Society of Los
Angeles Pioneers, and others which are similar
to the above in their purposes. In many a suf-
fering home the rigors of want have been soft-
ened by her kindness. To homeless children
and women her heart has ever gone out with the
largest sympathy, and many have reason to re-
member with deepest gratitude her helpful as-
sistance.

WELCOME SMITH. Originality of char-
acter and devotion to the cause of religion have
been dominant traits in the personality of Mr.
Smith. While still a mere lad he began to
preach and in this labor he continued for about
a half century, only ceasing from the work when
the infirmities of age began to render his efforts
too fatiguing for mind and body. In March of
1895 he came to California and settled in
Redondo, where he owns three cottages on the
beach and also three lots northeast of the plan-
ing mill. In spite of his seventy-seven years, he
is quite robust and active, and is now at the
head of a contracting business, employing
others, however, to do the manual work con-
nected with the same. In addition, he holds the
offices of city recorder and justice of the peace.

From Rhode Island Stephen Smith went to
Pennsylvania and later bought a farm of one
hundred and sixty acres, on which he afterward
engaged in farming. His death occurred there
when he was eighty-two years of age. After
going to Pennsylvania he married Lovina
Tewksbury', who was born in that state and died
there at eighty-five years. Her father, Thomas
Tewksbury, was a native of Connecticut and a
farmer by occupation; he lived to be eighty-
three years of age, his wife dying at the age of
ninety-three years. Welcome Smith received a
common-school and academic education, mak-
ing his boyhood home near Brooklyn, Pa..
where he was born May 12, 1825. When
eighteen and one-half years of age he began to
preach in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and,
although so young, he was said to rank with
preachers many years his senior. Believing
that he had been called to preach, he en-
deavored to do his duty in every respect, and
made his chief ambition in life the conversion
of men and women to Christianity. In 1855 he
was ordained to the ministry at Binghamton.
N. Y., by Bishop Morris, and two years later he
was ordained an elder by Bishop Baker. For
forty years he preached as an itinerant minister,
traveling through northern Pennsvlvania,
southern New York and central Nebraska.

Perhaps no labor in which Air. Smith engaged
was more .self-sacrificing in its nature or more
gratifying in its results than that among the

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Onondaga Indians in New York, with whom he
labored as a missionary for seven years. At
the same time his present wife was the teacher
of the mission school, and the two accomplished
much in the way of civilizing the Indians and
bringing them under the uplifting influences of
Christianity. They organized the first lodge of
Good Templars among the Indians and in-
culcated among them principles of temperance
and sobriety. Indeed, along every line of up-
lifting work, they proved themselves true friends
to the red men. Like all truly helpful influences,
their work was done quietly and unostenta-
tiously, and the extent of the good they did can-
not be measured or estimated.

In Abington, Pa., Mr. Smith married Miss
Teressa A. Sutton, who was born in Spring-
ville. Pa., and died in that state. The following
children were born of this union: Ransom Wes-
ley, Edmund Olin, Evaline, S. S., Stephen H.,
deceased, Ida E. and Sanford Stephen. The
second marriage of Mr. Smith was solemnized
in 1863 and united him with Hannah \"ander-
voort, who was born in Schoharie county, N. Y.,
being the daughter of Cornelius Yandervoort, a
native of Pennsylvania and of Holland-Dutch
ancestry. The four children born of this union
are as follows: Elanora, wife of F. L. Whitney,
of Lincoln, Neb.; !\Iamie, wife of F. H. Baillie,
of San Bernardino, Cal. ; Isabel, who is in San
Bernardino; and Roy W., who remains with his
parents. Both Mr. and Mrs. Smith are still
deeply interested in the work of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, she being a teacher in the
Sunday-school as well as superintendent of the
Junior League. The Eastern Star numbers her
"among its most influential workers, and at the
time of the convention in San Francisco she
was appointed a delegate, besides which she has
filled various offices. Thirty-two years ago Mr.
Smith was made a Mason in New York, and he
is now a member of the blue lodge in Redondo.
Although he was reared in the Democratic
faith, he has voted with the Republicans ever
since that party was organized, and during na-
tional campaigns his eloquence as a "stump"
speaker brought many into a stanch advocacy
of party principles, while at the time of the war
(denied admission himself on account of poor
health) he was instrumental in enlisting many
volunteers to aid in preserving the Union.

N. S. SOUTHMAYD. As might be ex-
pected of one who has made his home in Cali-
fornia much of the time since 1876, Mr. South-
mayd is thoroughly in touch with the progress
made by the state and is deeply interested in its
welfare and growth. He was born in New York
July 19, 1853, ''"fl is a son of .Stephen and
Lucinda (Winch) Southmayd. natives of Essex
county, N. Y., the former of English descent,
I'.nd the latter of \\\^lsh ancostn. During mid-

dle life Stephen Southmayd removed to Wis-
consin and settled upon a farm. Later he went
to Iowa and still later established his home in
Meade county, S. D., where he took up one
hundred and sixty acres of government land.
Of his thirteen children all but one attained ma-
ture years, N. S. being the fourth among these.
He received such advantages as the country
schools near his home rendered possible. At
the age of thirteen he accompanied his parents
to Wisconsin, where he assisted in the develop-
ment and improvement of a farm. Later he
worked on a farm in Blue Earth county, Minn.,
whence after three years he removed to Cali-
fornia.

During the first two years of his life in the far
west Mr. Southmayd engaged in farming near
Sacramento, after which he spent four months
in Portland, Ore., and next worked in the state
of Washington for two years. Returning to
Portland, he spent two years on a farm there.
From there he came to Los Angeles, and after-
ward for five years was employed by the State
Forestry board at Santa Monica. A later loca-
tion was at Coldwater Canon, where he bought
a farm of forty acres. On selling that place, he
came to Gardena and purchased eighteen acres
of partly improved land. Here he has built a
house and barn, also has a well one hundred and
sixty-six feet deep, and also another of ten
inches. The greater part of his land is in
barley and alfalfa, besides which there is a
thriving orchard, and excellent pasturage for
his ten cows. Flis income is increased by the
sale of milk from his dairy. Though not active
in politics he is a stanch Republican. In re-
ligion he is identified with the Methodist Epis-
copal Church.

The marriage of Mr. Southmayd took place in
Los Angeles in 1889 ^"d united him with Miss
Hattie Louise Barton, who was born in Maine
and was the youngest in a family of ten chil-
dren. Her father, Joseph Barton, was an ex-
tensive and successful farmer in Maine, where
his death occurred about 1899.

A. T. ARMSTRONG was reared in Augusta,
\'a., where he was born j\Iarch 4, 1844. On
the old ancestral homestead, inherited by his
father, Archibald, he learned to be a model
farmer, and received such education as was im-
]iarted at the public schools of his neighbor-
liood. When twenty years of age he enlisted in
the Civil war. and during the whole of his ser-
vice was under the famous cavalry commander.
Gen. Fitzhugh Lee. After the war Mr. Arm-
strong returned to the old Virginia homestead
which he inherited at his father's death and
farmed the same until 1868, when it passed by
right of sale into other hands. He then re-
moved to Rockbridge county, near Lexington,
and purclinscd four hundred' acres, which was

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1033

sold after three years. From there he came to
the vicinity of Santa Ana, Orange county, which
has since been his home, and purchased the one
hundred and ten acres comprising his ranch.
He has come to be regarded as an authority on
matters pertaining to scientific and modern
farming in his neighborhood, and is the reporter
of the agricuhural department of Orange
county, Cal., for the United States government.

CHARLES C. CHAPMAN, the owner of
Santa Isabel rancho in Orange county, was born
in Macomb, McDonough county, III, July 2,
1853. His father, Sidney Smith Chapman, was
a native of Ohio, having been born in Ashta-
bula county in 1826. He was a descendant of
one of three brothers who came from England
to Massachusetts about 1650.

Sidney S. Chapman went to Macomb when
about eighteen, and two years later was united
in marriage with Rebecca Jane Clarke, eldest
daughter of David and Eliza (Russell) Clarke,
both natives of Kentucky, where the daughter
was also born. To Mr. and Mrs. S. S. Chap-
man were born ten children, seven of whom
grew to maturity and six of whom are still liv-
ing, as follows: Frank M., of Covina; Charles
C; Christopher C; Dolla, wife of W. C. Harris,
of Los Angeles; Samuel James; and Luella,
wife of J. Charles Thamer, of Chicago. Emma
E., who became the wife of L. W. B. Johnson,
died in 1888, leaving two children. The mother
of Charles C. passed away at the family resi-
dence. No. 263 Walnut street, Chicago, Jan-
uary 2, 1874. The father died in October, 1893.
He had led an active business life and was
highly esteemed wherever known. Both were
members of the Christian Church and charter
members of the West Side Church of Chicago.

Charles C. Chapman received his education in
the common schools of his native town and
early began to make his way in the world. He
was messenger boy in 1865, and remembers well
carrying the message announcing the death of
President Lincoln. For a time he was employed
as clerk in a store. In 1868 the family moved to
the village of Vermont, 111., where Charles went
early the following year. Under the instruction
of his father, who was engaged in the building
business, he learned the bricklayer's trade. De-
cember 19, 1871, he went to Chicago, where for
a time he followed his trade. In that city, when
only twenty, he superintended the construction
of several buildings. In connection with his
father and brother, Frank M., he followed mer-
cantile life for a time, and subsequently alone
for a year.

During the years 1876-77 Mr. Chapman en-
gaged in canvassing in the interest of a local
historical work in his native county, and in 1878
inaugurated this business for himself at Gales-
burg, 111. He was soon joined by his brother,

Frank M., but for a few years the firm name re-
mained C. C. Chapman, when it was changed to
Chapman Brothers. They engaged extensively
in publishing local historical and biographical
works. The company was subsequently merged
into the Chapman Publishing Company.

In 1880 Chapman Brothers moved their ofHce
to Chicago, where for a dozen years the firm en-
joyed prosperity, enlarging its business until it
had an extensive printing and publishing plant.
Several large buildings were also erected dur-
ing this period. Among them were those at
Nos. 87-93 South Jefiferson street, 71-73 West
Monroe street, and 75-77 of the same street; the
Kenmore apartment building at Loomis and
Plum streets; and the Vendome hotel building
at Oglesby avenue and Sixty-second street, all
in Chicago. Besides, there were over twenty
dwellings. During the World's Fair, in 1893,
Chapman Brothers engaged quite extensively in
the hotel business. Owing, however, to the
financial panic which swept the country, crip-
pling the attendance at the great Fair, these
enterprises caused heavy losses to the firm.

Early in January, 1894, Mr. Chapman went to
Texas in order that his wife, who was suffering
from pulmonar\' trouble, might have the benefit
of the climate. In June of the same year he
landed in California, taking up his residence in
Los Angeles. Here, on the morning of Sep-
tember 19, 1894, while residing at the corner
of Figueroa and Adams streets, Mrs. Chapman
passed away. Her remains were laid at rest in
Rosedale cemetery. Mrs. Chapman, formerly
Miss Lizzie Pearson, daughter of Dr. C. S. and
Nancy (Wallace) Pearson, was born near Gales-
burg, III, September 13, 1861. They were mar-
ried at Austin, Te.x., October 23, 1884. To them
were born two children, Ethel Marguerite, born
June 10, 1886, and Charles Stanley, January 7,
1889. Mrs. Chapman was a member of the
Christian Church.

September 3, 1898, Mr. Chapman was united
in marriage with Miss Clara Irvin, daughter of
S. M. and Lucy A. Irvin, and a native of Iowa.
She is a member of the Christian Church.

Mr. Chapman has been a member of the
Christian Church since he was seventeen. He
has served as superintendent of the Sunday
school, deacon and elder for many years. For
years he was a member of the Cook County
Sunday-school Board, a member of the general
board of the Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion of Chicago, and the board of managers of
the West Side department. He was one of the
organizers of the board of city missions of the
Christian Churches of Chicago.

Mr. Chapman is identified with many of the
local movements in the interest of the commu-
nity, and has held the office of president of the
Anaheim Union Water Company. Upon com-
ing to California he engaged in the fruit busi-

1034

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ncss, growing and shipping oranges and wal-
nuts. He has made of the,Santa Isabel rancho,
in Orange county, one of the finest orange prop-
erties in California, and the brand under which
the fruit is packed, the "Old Mission Brand,"
has a reputation second to none in the state.

W. W. SEAMAN. The responsible position
of chief engineer of Hotel Green at Pasadena
has been filled by Mr. Seaman since the first
part of 1896, prior to which, since the fall of
1895, he had been employed in the capacity of
second engineer. Under his supervision a new
engine house has been erected and new ma-
chinery put in, the supervision of which work
and the subsequent operation of the plant have
been under his efficient management. He is
connected with Los Angeles Local No. 2, Na-
tional Association of Stationary Engineers, and
maintains a keen interest in everything per-
taining to advance and development along en-
gineering lines.

The Seaman family was founded in America
by George W., a native of Prussia, and the sole
representative of his people in this country. His
son, Charles S., was born at Milan, Ohio, where
the father engaged in the manufacture of furni-
ture for years, dying there when sixty-three. In
religion he was a Lutheran. He married Mar-
garet Meyers, who was born in Prussia and is
now. living in Milan, at eighty-four years of age
(1902). Six sons and one daughter were born
of their union, two of whom, Charles S. and
William B., were soldiers in the Fifty-fifth Ohio
Infantry, and the latter, wdio ranked as sergeant,
fell in the battle of Bentonville. Charles S. Sea-
man w^as born November 6, 1846, and was only
fifteen years of age when he volunteered in
Company C, Fifty-fifth Ohio Infantry, which
was mustered into service November 9, 1861.
Among the battles in which he participated were
those of Cross Keys, Va., second Bull Run,
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. He was
wounded May 3 and fell into the hands of the
enemy, by whom he was taken to Libby prison.
About seventeen days later he was paroled at
College Green Hospital, Annapolis. On his re-
turn to the army he fought at Missionary Ridge
and accompanied Sherman through Georgia to
Atlanta, taking part in the many engagements
of this campaign. At the expiration of his time
he was honorably discharged November 11,
1864.

After his return home Charles S. Seaman
learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed
in Ohio, Iowa and Kansas. In 1887 he came to
Pasadena, Cal., where he worked at his trade
mitil 1896, since which time he has had charge
of the carpentering department of Hotel Green.
In Boone county, Iowa, he married Hallie
Corbin, who was born in Illinois. Her father,
James Corbin, a native of Ohio, became a miller

in Boone county, Iowa, and later made Sunnier
county, Kans., his home, dying there when
sixty-four years of age. The children of Charles
S. Seaman are W. W., of Pasadena, and Mrs.
Lena West, of Los Angeles. The son was born
near Winfield, Sumner county, Kans., Novem-
ber 12, 1871, and in his infancy was taken by his
parents to Toledo, Ohio, in 1878 accompanying
them to Marshalltown, Iowa, where he attended
the public schools. In 1887 he accompanied the
family to Pasadena, wdiere he completed his
studies. On the completion of his apprentice-
ship to the trades of plumber, steamfitter and
engineer, he entered the employ of the Hotel
Green Company, and has since remained with
them. He was married in Pasadena to Miss
Mary Lewis, who was born in Boston, Mass.
Fraternally he is connected with the Maccabees.

WILLIAM H. WILEY, formerly of Pasa-
dena, but now deceased, deserves recognition
among our earliest pioneers. He made the
overland journey with a younger brother,
Joseph, crossing the Missouri river April 26,
1852, with a spring wagon drawn by four mules,
and finally landing in California after three
months and nine days on the plains. Mr. Wiley
was born in Harrison county, Ohio, April 15,
1836, a son of Joseph and Ann (Roberts) Wiley,
the former of Scotch ancestry, the latter of
Welsh descent. His father, who was born in
Westmoreland, Pa., was a member of one of the
pioneer families of western Pennsylvania. Re-
moving to Ohio, he followed farm pursuits and
also devoted considerable attention to inventing,
among other things inventing a fulling mill and
cylinder thresher. After settling in Harrison
county he married Miss Roberts, who was also
of Pennsylvania parentage. They became the
parents of six sons and six daughters, but only
three are now living. Two sons, James and
Wheeler, came to California during the excit-
ing days of '49, two others, John and Thomas,
followed in 1850, while William H. and Joseph
came two years later. The survivors are John
and Joseph.

When only three years of age William H.
Wiley lost his mother, and six years later he
was wholly orphaned by his father's death.
When a boy he was employed on Illinois and
Mississippi river boats for three years, also acted
as steward of a boat (belonging to his brother-
in-law) that sailed up these rivers and the Mis-
souri and Ohio. On coming to California he
engaged in the dairy business in Calaveras (now
.^mador) county; also engaged in mining and
had a quartz mill at Sutter. In 1861, at the
time of the Salmon river excitement in Idaho,
he went there and was among the pioneers in
the Boise Basin. During 1866 he prospected
and mined in Old Mexico and Arizona, travel-
ing over the country on horseback. Buying

AJt^.Olca..

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

horses at Visalia, he took them to Nevada, then
went to San Diego, Cal, and from there to New
Mexico where he held a government position,
also had a contract for carrying the mail. In
1870 he started a hvery business at Anaheim,
Cal., but soon went back to Idaho, from there
went to Washington, and in 1878 returned to
California. In the capacity of foreman for
French & Drew he was engaged in building
grades at San Diego and also graded the depot
grounds at National City. His next location
was Downey, where he carried on a livery busi-
ness. In 1883 he came to Pasadena and started
a livery business, soon after which he bought
the site at No. 64 Colorado street. When he
came there were only a few buildings in the
business part of the city. In addition to the
management of his livery barn, he owned and
superintended an orange ranch. His death oc-
curred August I, ig02.

September 18, 1872, in Anaheim, Mr. Wiley
married JNIary Grace Evey, who was born in
Illinois and in 1870 settled in Anaheim with her
father. Judge Edward Evey, who later filled the
position of supervisor, judge, county clerk and
member of the constitutional convention. Mrs.
Wiley is a member of the Christian Church.
Her only living child is Mrs. Laura Kimball,
of Fresno county, Cal. A son, Francis, died at
one year of age. While at Mokelumne Hill,
Cal, ]Mr. Wiley was initiated into Masonry, and
later was connected with Pasadena Lodge No.
72, F. & A. M. He was a member of the Pasa-
dena Board of Trade and in politics was a stanch
Republican. Could all of his experiences dur-
ing pioneer days be written out in full, it would
form an interesting and large volume, and many
hours could be passed entertainingly in his com-
pany, when, in a reminiscent mood, he turned
back to the past, and narrated his experiences in
taking out the first gold from quartz in Idaho,
or in traveling up Snake and Columbia rivers in
a skifif, driving a herd of hogs from Oregon to
Idaho, or any of the other many events that
made thrilling and interesting the pioneer days.

WILSON C. PATTERSON. Wilson C.
Patterson, the president of the Los Angeles Na-
tional Bank, was born in Ross county, Ohio,
January 10, 1845. He was one of a large family
whose father was a farmer. He grew up under
rural influences and attended the local district
school, where he obtained the rudiments of his
education. At the age of about fifteen he com-
menced a course of study in Salem Academy
at South Salem, Ohio. Upon the breaking out
of the war between the states he, then a youth
of eighteen years, joined the federal army and
was mustered into Company A, First Regiment,
Ohio Volunteer Heavy Artillery. He remained
in active service from July, 1863, until the close
of hostilities. On his return home he resumed

his academic studies, but the necessity of earn-
ing his own support forced him to leave school
a few months later. Soon after leaving the
academy he went to Chillicothe, the county seat
of his native county, where he secured a clerical
position in the ofifice of the county treasurer.
Later, as an accountant, he was employed in
the ofifice of M. Boggs & Co., wholesale grocers
of Chillicothe. With that firm he remained in
positions of trust for upwards of nineteen years,
when, owing to impaired health, in 1888 he
came to California.

He was soon benefited in health, and, becom-
ing socially attached to many of the city's pro-
gressive people, he decided to make it his home.
In 1890 he was made a director of the Los
Angeles Board of Trade and the following year
was elected its president, which position he held
for two years. In 1894 he was elected a director
of the Chamber of Commerce and likewise of
the Merchants' Association. In 1895 he was
chosen president of the Chamber of Commerce,
which position he filled with marked ability for
two years. He is still a member of that body
and chairman of the committee on commerce.
Mr. Patterson was for twelve years the head
of the house of W. C. Patterson & Co., whole-
sale produce and commission merchants, and
for ten years sole owner. For several years he
was a director of the First National Bank of
Los Angeles, and in November, 1898, he was
elected president of the Los Angeles National
Bank, to succeed George H. Bonebrake. He is
also a director of the Southern California Sav-
ings Bank. He takes a warm interest in all
matters of practical benevolence and is a di-
rector of the Associated Charities. As president
of the Land of Sunshine Publishing Company
he has been identified with one of the leading
publications of the Pacific coast. Fraternally
he is connected with Stanton Post, G. A. R.,
and is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Ma-
son. In 1894 and again in 1896 his name was
prominently mentioned in connection with the
mayoralty of Los Angeles, but he adhered to his
resolution of former years to keep out of
politics, and therefore declined the proffered
honors.

In February, 1896, Mr. Patterson was dele-
gated a representative of the Free Harbor
League to go to Washington, D. C, to appear
before the congressional committee on rivers
and harbors, in the interests of the deep-water
harbor at San Pedro. The characteristic faith-
fulness, energy and success with which he per-
formed this important mission had a pro-
nounced and salutary effect upon the outcome
of the San Pedro harbor controversy. His
labors in that behalf were cheerfully recognized
by the body he so ably represented and by a
grateful public. In April of the same year' he
again went to the national capital on a" similar

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

mission as chairman of a delegation of citizens
lo lay the claims of San Pedro harbor before
the connnittee on commerce of the United
States senate, and the splendid work of this
delegation is a part of the history of Southern
California.

CHARLES E. FRENCH was born in Ath-
ens, Somerset county, Me., June 3, 1841, and
was educated in the public schools and semi-
naries of that state. When about sixteen years
of age he entered a business house in Boston
where he was rapidly advancing in positions of
trust. On the breaking out of the Civil war he
enlisted in the Ninth Regiment of Maine Vol-
unteers and was assigned to the Army of the
Potomac, being afterwards transferred to Com-
modore Dupont's naval expedition which "bom-
barded and captured the forts at Port Royal,
S. C, in November, 1861. Continuing in the
service until failure of his health necessitated his
retirement from the army, he came to Califor-
nia via Panama route in 1864 and located in
Yreka, Siskiyou county, where he engaged in
mining and general merchandising. After
spending a few years on this coast he returned
cast and in November, 1868, married Miss
Emma L. Waugh of Boston.

Resuming business in Maine, Mr. French be-
came a member of a boot and shoe manufactur-
ing firm and was also appointed assistant as-
sessor of internal revenue by President Grant.
Finding it impossible to endure the rigors of
eastern winters, he resigned his office, sold out
his business in 1870 and returned to San Fran-
cisco where he expected to permanently reside,
but being advised by his physicians to seek a
more genial climate, he came to Southern Cali-
fornia in April, 1871, and assumed the general
management of the extensive land and stock
business of Irvine, Flint & Co., whose holdings
then comprised the Ranchos San Joaquin,
Lomas de Santiago and part of the Santiago de
Santa Ana, upon which latter ranch the city of
Santa Ana is now located. At that time there
were very few white inhabitants residing in the
country southeast of Anaheim, between the
Santa Ana river and San Diego. The entire
country from the foothills to the sea was one
vast cattle and sheep range. Mr. French had
over one hundred thousand acres of land under
his control and at times during his administra-
tion there were over fifty thousand head of
sheep grazing upon the broad sweep of the San
Joaquin, where to-day is heard the busy hum
of modem machinery, harvesting thousands of
acres of waving grain grown upon these fertile
lands.

In 1876 Mr. French removed the ranch head-
ciuarters to the present location east of Tustin
and erected the commodious ranch house now
occupied by the owner, James Irvine and family.

Two years later, in 1878. he relinquished the
management of the company's business and re-
moved to Santa Ana where he had previously
made investments. He engaged in the land
business and at once took an active interest in
the upbuilding of the town. In 1886 he erected
the brick block adjoining the Bristol and Row-
ley block on the east and in 1899 he built the
Grand opera house block, the largest in the city.
He served as postmaster at Santa Ana, holding
ofiice under Hayes, Garfield, Arthur and Cleve-
land. He took an active part in securing the
main line of the Santa Fe Railway through
Santa Ana, to which undertaking he freely de-
voted much time and means and was twice
elected a director of the California lines of that
system, which has been such an important
factor in the growth of Southern California.

Mr. French devotes his time largely to his
banking interests and real-estate holdings. He
is president of the Orange County Savings
Bank and a director of the First National Bank
of Santa Ana. When the first street railway
for Santa Ana was projected, ]Mr. French took
an active part in establishing it and served as
its secretary for several years. The road has
now become a part of the interurban railway.
He was also one of the promoters and incorpor-
ators of the Los Angeles & Ocean Railway
Company and held the oflice of vice-president
of the same until the road merged into the Los
Angeles Terminal, now the San Pedro, Los
Angeles & Salt Lake Railway.

JAMES GORDON BAIRD. M. D., was one
of ten brothers and sisters. Born October 20,
1846, near Ottawa, Carlton county, Ontario, he
received his higher education in Ottawa Col-
legiate Institute and after a four years' course
in the medical department of McGill University,
at Montreal, was graduated in 1870 with the de-
gree of Doctor of Medicine. The same year he
commenced practice in the ^Montreal General
Hospital, spending six months there profitably.
Then, during the ensuing period of eighteen
years, he was established at Pakenham, Canada,
after which he went to London, England, for the
purpose of taking some post-graduate work and
special branches. Fourteen months were spent
abroad, a portion of the time being passed in
Paris and Edinburgh, and the hospital experi-
ence he thus acquired has been of great value
to him. In the autumn of 1889 he returned to
Canada, and in the following February came to
Riverside. In 1900 he took a post-graduate
course in Chicago. Making a specialty of dis-
eases of the nose, throat and lungs, and carry-
ing on a large general family practice in med-
icine and surgery, he is justly classed among the
leading members of his profession in Southern
California.

As previously mentioned. Dr. Baird gives

(2?/^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

considerable attention to horticulture, and now
owns two flourishing orange orchards in this
city, one of eight acres, located on Indiana
avenue, and the other, a tract of ten acres, being
situated on Kansas avenue. In 1899 he built
a handsome modern residence over which pre-
sides his estimable wife, formerly Miss Marion
Lett, of Canada. They are identified with the
Episcopal Church of Riverside and move in the
best social circles of the city. One daughter
blessed this union, F. Agnes fiaird. The Doctor
was initiated into Masonry in Pakenham, Can-
ada, and also is a Knight of Pythias. In politics
he is a Republican.

FRANK LEVERETT SPAULDING. By
the side of Dr. Warren in the battle of Bunker
Hill fought a man as brave as that illustrious
general, but who by the fortunes of war is less
known to fame. This soldier, Capt. John
Spaulding, saw his general fall in battle and
himself suffered severe wounds, but no disaster
lessened his valor, and he remained a true
patriot until finally the British arms were de-
feated, after a struggle of seven years. Little
is known of his life, save that he was born in
Nashua, N. H., and spent his entire life in that
state. His son, Joseph, a native of Runmey,
N. H., followed contracting and building, as did
also the next in line of descent, Hon. J. Lyman
Spaulding, a native and lifelong resident of
Rumney, and a man of prominence in his state.
Several times he was elected selectman, for one
term served as sheriff of Grafton county, and
also received from his party (the Republican)
election as a member of the state legislature,
where his service was an honor to the man and
to his constituents. Fraternally he was a
Knight Templar Mason.

The marriage of J. Lyman Spaulding united
him with Mary Ordway, who was born in Utica,
N. Y., and now resides in Boston, Mass. Her
father, Joseph Ordway, a native of New York,
was a member of a colonial family of New
Hampshire. The five children of J. Lyman and
Mary Spaulding are living, one son, Ouincy, be-
ing a contractor and builder in Los Angeles, as
is also the third child, Frank L. The latter was
born at Rumney, N. H., October 27, 1858, and
attended the grammar and high schools of his
native town, later graduating from Newhampton
Seminary and Commercial College. From boy-
hood he has been familiar with the building
business. In 1880 he went to Massachusetts to
act as superintendent for Mead, Mason & Co.,
one of the largest firms of contractors in New-
England, and later he was connected with Nor-
cross Brothers, a well-known firm in the same
line.

A vacation trip to Los .-Angeles in 1888 gave
]\Ir. Spaulding such a delightful impression of
the country that he determined to remain. Un-

til the La Verne Land Company closed out its
business he had charge of its building opera-
tions. Since i8go he has engaged in contracting
for himself, meantime having the contracts for
the California Health Resort's buildings at
Strawberry Valley, Rivera Hotel at Long
Beach, the First Church of Christ, Scientist, at
Riverside, the First Church of Christ, Scientist,
in Los Angeles, Bonner & Puck H^lock, First
Baptist Church, Westlake Methodist Episcopal
and German Baptist Churches of Los Angeles,
the Long Beach Presbyterian Church, Long
Beach grammar school, Gephard block in Los
Angeles, etc. Much of his work has been in
the building of church edifices and his success
in this specialty has brought him into notice
throughout Southern California, where he has
had the contracts for more than thirty churches.
In addition to contract work, he has done some
building for himself, including the erection of
his residence at No. 737 East Twenty-seventh
street. He is a director in the Rivera Hotel
Company of Long Beach. In the Builders' Ex-
change he is a member of the board of directors,
while he is a charter member of the Master
Builders' Association. Two sons, William Ly-
man and Leverett Tileston, have been born of
his union with May J. Lyman, who was born
in Montana, but grew to womanhood in Cali-
fornia. In politics he is a loyal Republican,
while fraternally he is connected with the
Masons, the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows and the Maccabees.

JOHN L. ADAMS, the chief engineer of the
Distilled Ice and Cold Storage Company of Los
Angeles, was born in Newburgh, N. Y., Feb-
ruary 20, 1866. His father, William Adams,
was born near Belfast, Ireland, and when a child
came with his parents to America and located in
Newburgh. Possessed of business ability and
high character, he soon became identified with
the substantial commercial interests of the city,
and as a partner of Stephen McKinstry ran a
large tannery up to the time of his retirement.
He is a Republican in national politics, and is
connected with the Presbyterian Church. His
wife, formerly Susan Lowrey, was born in the
north of Ireland, and when a babe in arms came
with her parents to America. Mrs. .\dams was
the mother of two sons and one daughter, of
whom John L. is the only survivor.

When eight years of age John L. Adams lost
his mother by death, and he continued to live
with his father at Newburgh on the Hudson,
where he was educated in the public schools and
graduated from the high school. When eighteen
years of age he began to sen-e an apprentice-
ship of four years as a machinist with Ward.
Stanton & Co., the well-known shipbuilders of
Newburgh, following which he worked at his
trade in New York City with the firm of Dele-

1040

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

marter & Co., shipbuilders. For a time he was
associated with Captain Erickson while con-
structing his solar engine, and was afterwards
with the Pictet Artificial Ice and Engine Com-
pany, and later still with the Xewburgh Ice Ma-
chine and Engine Company. In the latter
capacity he sen-ed as erecting engineer and
traveled all over Canada, the south and middle
states, and finally came to the coast in the in-
terests of the firm in July of 1900. After putting
in an engine for the Southern California Ice
Company at San Bernardino and instructing the
engineer in its use, he returned to the east, and
later superintended the erection of the plant for
the Distilled Ice and Cold Storage Company at
Los Angeles. This is one of the important con-
cerns of the kind in Los Angeles, and as chief
engineer Air. Adams has a large responsibility
for which he is admirably fitted. The plant is
modern in all of its appointments, and has a
capacity of thirty-five tons per day.

j\lr. Adams is enterprising and wide-awake to
the interests of his adopted town, and is vari-
ously associated with its social and material
circles. At Newburgh he was connected with
the Masonic Lodge No. 309, and is still a mem-
ber of that organization, and he was also a
member of the Lawson Hose Company of New-
burgh, of which he is still an honorary associate.
In political affiliation he is a Republican every
day in the year, and is a stanch supporter of the
issues and principles of his chosen party. He
ranks high among expert engineers of the
country, and his success has more than justified
his early selection and aspirations.

RICHARD ARENZ. When a boy the home
of Mr. Arenz was in Dusseldorf, Germany, and
his earliest memories are of that beautiful old
town, with its attractive villas and gardens lying
on the right bank of the Rhine; with its his-
toric old castle; its famous Academy of Art,
founded in 1777; its museums, observatory and
charitable institutions. In this city he was born
June 22, 1868, the fifth among eight children
and the only son in the family. The records
show that the Arenz ancestry has possessed
valor in battle and energy in business. At the
battle of Waterloo Johann Arenz, a boy of
seventeen years, fought with such braverj- that
he was awarded two medals in recognition of
his valor, and one of these is a valued possession
of the soldier's grandson, Richard Arenz. Not
only did this brave youth serve in the Prussian
army from 1812 to 1815, but one of his brothers
also shared in the vicissitudes of the Napoleonic
campaigns, but after the ill-fated march to
AIoscow he was never heard of, and it is sup-
posed that he perished with so many of those
gallant soldiers who left home never to return.

During the war of 1848 Frederick William,
son of Johann Arenz, served in the Gemian

army, and afterward became proprietor of a
tannery at Dusseldorf. In 1880 he sold the busi-
ness and brought his family to America, where
he is now living retired. To some extent he
has drifted from the religious faith of his fore-
fathers, who were of the Reformed Church, his
membership now being with the Methodist
Episcopal denomination. His wife, Caroline
Polhaus, was born in Germany and died there
before he came to the L'nited States. Their son,
Richard, was educated in German and English,
and studied under a tutor in Chicago, also in the
night schools of that city. About 1881 he was
apprenticed to the trade of painter and finisher,
remaining for five years with the Bruske Furni-
ture Company, after which he worked for wages.
In 1887 he began in business for himself, first
taking contracts only for finishing and polish-
ing, but afterward becoming a contracting
painter as well. During 1889 he followed his
trade in Portland, Ore., but returned to Chicago
and spent two more years there.

The first year (1892) that Air. Arenz spent in
Los Angeles, he worked for others. Afterward
he began to take contracts for painting and is
now a member of the firm of Wing & Arenz,
which has the leading business in its line in the
city, having had among other contracts those
for the Laughlin building, Posey residence.
Christian Science Church, \'an Nuys residence,
Raymond hotel, Angelus hotel. Airs. Hard-
ing's residence on Chester Place, etc. Along
the line of his chosen occupation. Air. Arenz is
a member of the Builders" Exchange and the
Alaster Painters' Association, while fraternally
he is connected with the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows. Since coming to this city he has
married, his wife having been Aliss Emma C.
Rattey, a native of Wisconsin. They are the
parents of four children: Eunice Ruth, Alildred
Alay, Violet Beatrice and an infant son. Their
home is at Nos. 533-535 Wall street. The
family are connected with the First German
Alethodist Episcopal Church, to the mainte-
nance of which Air. Arenz is a regiilar con-
tributor. Loyal to the institutions of his adopted
country, he is especially interested in move-
ments tending to promote the progress of Cali-
fornia and increase the commercial importance
of his home city. Both in local and national
elections he votes the Republican ticket, being
a firm believer in the principles of this party.

J. A. ALTHOUSE. One of the well-im-
proved berry ranches of Gardena is owned and
occupied by Air. Althouse and comprises sixteen
acres, largely under cultivation to Logan berries
and strawberries, with other varieties of fruits,
while five acres are under alfalfa. A substantial
ranch house provides a comfortable home for
the family, while that perplexing desideratum of
California ranches, good water, is secured by a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1041

well two hundred and eighteen feet deep, oper-
ated by a windmill. On his place are granary,
barns and the other improvements of a first-
class estate.

A resident of California since 1887, Mr. .\lt-
house was born near Brush Valley, I'a., Alarch
14, 1861, and is a son of Rev. Henry and Julia
Ann (JNIyers) Althouse, natives of Pennsylvania.
His father devoted all of his active years to the
preaching of the Gospel, being a minister of the
German Evangelical Association from the age
of twenty-five until he was retired by reason of
the infirmities of years. During 1867 he re-
moved from Pennsylvania to Iowa, where he
served the church at Muscatine one year, that
at Dubuque one year, and later presided over
the congregation at Independence, Iowa, for
two years, after which he was stationed in
Hardin county, that state, for two years. The
year 1878 found him in Nebraska, where he held
pastorates in Cass county for three years, and in
Stanton county for seven years. During his resi-
dence in the latter county he was transferred to
the ranks of superannuated ministers. In 1887
he came to Los Angeles and retired wholly from
active labors. His death occurred in Los
Angeles in 1895, when he was seventy-six years
of age. His wife was a daughter of a lifelong
resident and farmer of Pennsylvania. By their
marriage six sons were born, J. A. being the
third of these. His boyhood years were passed
in Pennsylvania and Iowa and his education
was obtained in common schools. When six-
teen years of age he accompanied the family
to California, after which he assisted his father
in his various horticultural and farming afifairs
About 1894 he came to Gardena, where he has
since made his home.

The marriage of Mr. Althouse took place in
Los Angeles and united him with Miss Bertha
Boeck, a native of Germany. They have three
children, Benjamin, Henr}- and Edith, all at
home. The family are believers in the faith of
the German Evangelical Association, in which
doctrines Mr. Althouse was reared under his
father's kindly guidance. Though he has at no
time been active in politics, he is a decided ad-
herent of Republican principles, and always sup-
ports them in local and general elections.

THOMAS A. ASBRIDGE. The Asbridge
family are of colonial Virginian ancestry and re-
mote English extraction. Martin Killian As-
bridge, a native of the old Dominion and a
soldier in the war of 1812, became a pioneer of
Kentucky, where he was postmaster and a mer-
chant of Saratoga, Lyon county. .\t an ad-
vanced age he retired from business pursuits
and removed to an adjoining county, where he
died at little less than one hundred years of
age. His wife, who bore the maiden name of
Nancy Rich, was also a Virginian and at the

time of her deatli had almost rounded a full
century. Their son, Joseph Killian Asbridge,
was born in Kentucky, and owned and occupied
a farm of six hundred and fifty acres near Eddy-
ville, Lyon county. P'or a wife he chose Martha
Harris, who was born in Kentucky, of Virginian
parentage. Both died on the Lyon county
homestead. Of their eight children, Thomas
was the fourth child and oldest son, and is now
the sole survivor of the family. He was bom
on the homestead near Eddyville May 11, 1859.
and was twelve years of age when his father
died. In his early manhood he married Miss
Anna Rice, who was born in Syracuse, N. Y.
Afterward he continued to operate the home
farm for a time.

\\'hen the railroad was building between Pa-
ducah and Elizabeth, Mr. Asbridge was engaged
as a sub-contractor on its construction, although
up to this time he had never seen a railroad
train. Later he took contracts in other parts
of Kentucky, also in Ohio and Missouri. In
1874 he went to Pocahontas, Ark., where he en-
gaged in the freighting business, also took rail-
road contracts, and at the same time learned
the trade of bricklayer and mason, completing
the trade in Union county, 111., and working in
the building of the insane asylum at Anna, that
state. Between the years 1879 and 1881 he en-
gaged in contracting and building in New Mex-
ico. During the latter year he removed to New
Mexico, where he aided in building the Plaza
hotel in Las Vegas and built the academy, the
opera house and a number of residences and
business houses there.

After having spent the summer of 1883 in
Silver City, N. M., which was then in the midst
of a boom, Mr. Asbridge came to California
in the fall of that year and for three years en-
gaged in contracting and building in Los
Angeles. He built a home on West Tenth street
which he sold for $5,500. In 1886 he went to
Ukiah, Mendocino county, this state, where, in
addition to having a livery barn, he took con-
tracts for running stage lines and carrying mail.
From there he returned to Los Angeles in 1893
and has since built the residence at No. 1020
West First street which he now occupies.
Among the contracts that he has filled may be
mentioned the following: Lankershim block,
Lawyer's building, Jones, Foster and Ralph
buildings; the masonry work on the first school
buildings in Los Angeles and on the Times
building, besides contracts for many residences,
among them being some of the finest in the city.
The masonry work in the residence of D. L.
-Vlthouse and that of Judge Banning indicates
the substantial character of his contracts. He
had the contracts for the Wright & Callender
block, the Fox building, the Spurl wagon and
carriage factory, the Southern Refining Com-
pany's plant. Bacon building, and the warehouse

1042

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

for the paper nianufactorj'. He is a lueinber of
the Builders' Exchange and vice-president of
the Alaster Masons' Association. In addition
to his large contracting business, he owns oil
stock, and is interested in valuable oil lands in
Kern county, also in Black mountain. The im-
portance of opposing the liquor traffic has
caused him to ally himself with the Prohibition-
ists, whose principles he upholds, both in prac-
tice and in theory. An active worker in the
Church of the Nazarene, he is at this writing a
member of its official board and has always been
a s:enerous contributor to its maintenance.

town, is active in local Republican matters, and
believes in supporting all measures for the bene-
fit of town, county and state. Fraternally he is
connected with the blue lodge of Masons and
the Independent Order of Foresters.

J. A. ATCHISON. The ranch of which Mr.
Atchison is manager and in which he owns a
half interest comprises forty acres at Gardena.
Of this tract twenty-eight acres are in alfalfa,
five acres in berries, and the balance in assorted
fruits. An abundance of water is obtained by
means of a private pumping plant, with one
hundred inches' capacity. In addition to main-
taining a close oversight of this place, Mr.
Atchison owns an interest in the Bingham
Pasteurized Milk Company, which he assisted
in starting and which now has an output of al-
most eight hundred gallons daily.

In Bruce county, Ontario, Canada, Mr. Atchi-
son was born January ii, 1872, being a son of
Thomas and Ellen (McFarland) Atchison, na-
tives respectively of Huron and Bruce counties,
Ontario. His paternal grandfather, William
Atchison, was a native of county Donegal, Ire-
land, and about 1845 emigrated to Canada,
where the improvement of a farm occupied his
remaining years. The maternal grandfather,
Joseph McFarland, was also of Irish birth. In
the family of Thomas Atchison there were two
sons and two daughters, of whom J. A. was the
second in order of birth. His boyhood years
were passed in the usual manner of Canadian
lads, whose sports were naturally very different
from those of the children of Southern Cali-
fornia. When the time came for him to assume
life's duties and responsibilities, he turned his
attention to farming and also learned the black-
smith's trade, but, tiring of the quiet round of
duties in his Canadian home, he sought a di-
version by coming to Montana, where he se-
cured employment as a cow puncher. During
1895 he came to California, settling at Cerritos,
Los Angeles county. Four years later he re-
moved to Los Angeles and bought one-half in-
terest in the Bingham Pasteurized Milk Com-
pany, the success of which has been enlianced
by his efiforts. In 1902 he came to Gardena in
order to assume the management of a ranch, in
which he was a part owner. While in Los
Angeles he married Miss Louise Burwash, who
was born in Canada, and by whom he has one
.son, Allen. Though a recent comer to Gardena,
he takes a warm interest in the prosperity of the

HENRY AUFDEMKAMP. To his occupa-
tion of building and contracting ]\Ir. Aufdem-
kamp brings an extensive experience and a
thorough European training. He was born in
the city of Hanover, Germany, February 2,
1865, and is a son of Ernest and Mary (Greafen-
kamper) Aufdemkamp, also natives of Hanover.
Ernest Aufdemkamp enlisted in the German
army in 1848, and served as captain in the
Schleswig-Holstein war in 1866-7. He was a
builder for many years of his active life, and
died in the land which he had faithfully served
as soldier and upright business man. His wife,
who is still living, is the mother of nine chil-
dren, eight of whom are living, Henry being
the third.

The youth of Mr. Aufdemkamp was not de-
void of hardship and responsibility, for at the
age of ten years he began to work with his
father at the carpenter's trade, and when four-
teen years old was apprenticed to a contractor
with whom he remained for three years. He
subsequently engaged as a journeyman carpen-
ter, and while plying his trade managed to see
considerable of the country and became familiar
with the different provinces. At the age of
twenty he arrived in New York, whence he at
once proceeded to Madison, N. J., and at the
end of eighteen months went to Trenton, N. J.,
in both of which cities he worked at carpenter-
ing.

In October, 1887, Mr. Aufdemkamp located
in Los Angeles, a stranger in a strange land,
and having little to start with save his own de-
termination. He was not long in securing
something to do in his favored line, and the fol-
lowing year began to contract, an occupation in
which he has met with success. Among the
buildings attributed to his ingenuity may be
mentioned the Times building, the barracks at
the Soldiers Home, the addition to the dining
room and hospital at the Soldiers Home, fire
house No. 12, Los Angeles, built in 1899, be-
sides numerous public buildings and private
residences. On his own responsibility Mr. Auf-
demkamp has erected a number of residences in
the city, besides his own comfortable home at
No. 520 East Twelfth street, which is presided
over by his wife, formerly Mary Willauer, a na-
tive of Alsace, and whom he married at Trenton,
N. J.

Fraternally Mr. Aufdemkamp is a member of
Goodwill Lodge No. 323, I. O. O. F., is past
noble grand, past district deputy grand master,
and a member of the Encampment and the
Canton. He is also associated with the Elks.

t a -fa^^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

A stanch Democrat, he has never sought
political office, and is sufficiently broad in his
inclinations to vote for the best man regardless
of political ties. With his wife he is affiliated
with the German Methodist Episcopal Church,
of which he is a charter member and a member
of the board of trustees, as well as ex-secretary
of the board and of the Sunday-school. I\Ir.
Aufdemkamp is not in need of praise for the
extent of his contributions toward the upbuild-
ing of Los Angeles, for his work speaks for
itself, and the patronage of which he is the
recipient is proof of the confidence of his fel-
low-townsmen.

JAMES ARNOLD BARROWS was born
in Mansfield, Tolland county, Conn., February
25, 1830, a son of Joshua P. and Polly (Bing-
ham) Barrows, descendants of a long line of
Connecticut ancestors. He was one of three
children, of whom the only daughter was born
.■\ugust II, 1823, and died May 5, 1890. His
father was born April 12, 1794, and died Feb-
ruary 21, 1887; while his mother was born May
14, 1790, and died April 17, 1864. The paternal
grandparents were Joshua and Anna (Turner)
Barrows, and the maternal, Oliver and Lucy
(Moulton) Bingham.

The younger years of our subject's life were
spent upon a farm. After he became of age he
went to Massachusetts and for some years was
employed in a shoe factory. While there, in
1855, he married Miss Abby Barrows and they
returned in 1858 to his old home at Mansfield,
where she died. July 5, i860, he was a second
time married, his wife being Cornelia Storrs
Swift, daughter of Earl and Lucy (Bailey) Swift,
both lifelong residents of Connecticut. Her
father died April 17, 1865, at the age of fifty-
seven years, and her mother June 7, 1864, at the
age of fifty-two ; there were three children in the
family, Mrs. Barrows and two brothers who
live in Connecticut. Of the children of j\lr.
Barrows, Abby was born May 20, 1861, and
died July 26, 1893; Lucy was born May 15,
1864, and died April 10, 1865: Carrie ]\I.,'born
October 6, 1865, married P. J. Wilson, a mer-
chant at University, Los Angeles, and they
have two daughters. Hazel and Juanita. Jennie
M., born January 4, 1874, became the wife of
George A. Shepard, who is now engaged in
mining in Alaska.

In 1862 Mr. Barrows enlisted in the Twenty-
second Connecticut Infantry and served for ten
months, being discharged at the expiration of
his time. Returning to the old farm, he re-
mained there until 1868, when the place was
sold. In April of that year he and his wife, with
their two children, left New York on tiie
steamer Ocean Queen for California, coming
via the. isthmus and stopping at Acajjulco and
Manzanillo. At Panama they took the steamer

Golden Age for San Francisco, and in just
one month from the time of starting arrived in
Los Angeles, May 16, 1868. During the first
year here Mr. Barrows clerked for his brother,
and afterward he and his brother bought the
dairy of L. J. Rose, which comprised one hun-
dred head of cattle. Of that he had charge for
seven years, when the dairy was sold. After
his brother retired from the 'hardware business,
he took it up and continued in it for ten years,
since which time he has lived retired from' busi-
ness cares. He is a charter member of the So-
ciety of Los Angeles Pioneers and has alwavs
been interested in that organization. He and
his wife were charter members of the first Con-
gregational Church organized in Los Angeles
and have always been liberal contributors to the
work of that denomination, besides taking an
active part in the various activities of their
church.

TONY A. GOLISH. While he is by birth
a German, having been born near Berlin, Jan-
uary 21, 1870, Mr. GoHsh has no recollection
of his childhood home, as he was only two years
of age when the family crossed the' ocean and
settled in Northfield, Minn. His parents, Jacob
and Annie Golish, were natives of Germany, the
former following the milling business there' and
in ^Minnesota. In 1887 he came to Los Angeles,
where his wife died and where he still makes
his home. In the family of ten children, all but
one are still living. The third among these is
T. A., of Pasadena. While still a boy he was
employed in a grist mill for three years and
after that time learned the machinist's trade
with the Ames Milling Company at Northfield.
The year 1888 found him in Los Angeles, where
he secured a position as engineer with the Con-
sumers' Gas Company, and in the two years of
his connection with them he also learned the
manufacture of gas.

Returning to Northfield, j\Iinn., in 1889, Mr.
Golish became machine tender in the mills.
Two years later he came once more to Cali-
fornia. The Chino beet sugar factory was tlicn
in process of erection and he assisted in putting
in the machinery, engines, pumps, etc., after
which he remained with the company as machin-
ist. In 1891 he came to Pasadena as assistant
foreman for the Lowe Gas Company, in which
position he continued for two years, and then
was promoted to be foreman. 'When the con-
cern was merged into the Pasadena Consoli-
dated Gas Company he continued with the new
organization in the same capacity, and is still
holding the responsible position of foreman.
I'nder his supei-vision the plant has been en-
larged, until it is now three times as large as at
first, having a capacity of two hundred and
twenty-five thousand cubic feet per day. In ad-
dition to being an expert machinist and en-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

gineer, he is also a gas-maker, and while in Los
Angeles assisted W. C. Boyer and L. C. Clark
in the manufacture of gas from crude oil.
Politically he votes with the Republican party,
r.y his marriage, in Los Angeles, to Miss Adelia
Cuen, a native of Mexico, he has five children,
Lillian, Frank, ^^"illiam, .\manda and Raymond
Arthur.

JOHN H. BEAN. A resident of Los
Angeles since the fall of 1895, Mr. Bean is of
eastern birth and remote English descent. His
father, Levi, and grandfather, John Bean, were
r.atives of Chittenden county, Vt., of which the
great-grandfather was a pioneer farmer. Dur-
ing the war of 1812 the grandfather went to the
front with the Green Mountain boys and bore
a brave part in securing victory for American
arms, taking part in several important engage-
ments, among them the battle of Plattsburg.
During 1856 'Levi Bean moved from Vermont
to New York and settled at Burke, Franklin
county, where he improved a farm from the
forest, turning his attention to agriculture from
contracting and building, in which he had
previously engaged. After years of successful
connection with "farming, in 1885 he returned to
A'ermont, to spend his last days in the midst of
the scenes familiar to him in early life. His
death occurred in the fall of 1900 when he was
eighty-five years of age.

The wife of Levi Bean was Cornelia Hill, who
was born in Milton, Vt., and died at Burke, N.
Y., when fifty-seven years of age. Her father,
Capt. John Hill, also a native of Milton, was
owner" of a farm and also ran a small sloop.
During the war of 1812, in which he served, he
took the commodore of the American fleet out
on his sloop to reconnoiter the lakes. He also
lielped to place the cannon on the bridge and to
remove the plank that kept the British out of
Plattsburg. At the time of his death he was
ninety-six, while his wife, Olive, lived to be
ninetv-eight. In the family of Levi and Cornelia
Bean there were nine children, all but three of
whom are still living. J. H. being next to the
\oungest. He was born August 28, 1865, on
the home farm in Franklin county, N. Y., of
which he is now the owner. While still a boy he
learned the carpenter's trade under his father,
and when sixteen he took his first contract, this
being for the erection of a large barn. From
that day to this, with the exception of two years,
he has followed contracting and building, being
in Burke, N. Y., from 1881 to 1895, and in Los
.\ngeles since 1895.

On first coming to this city, Mr. Bean fol-
lowed the carpenter's trade in the employ of
others, and was foreman for Jacobi, later for
Harriman. In May, 1898, he began to take
contracts, since which time he has erected,
among other residences, those for E. W. Gil-

more, E. B. Roth, ^lajor R. N. Smith, Dr. Fish,
Mr. Phillips and the Concordia Club, corner of
Sixteenth and Figueroa streets. He superin-
tended the erection of the buildings of the
American Oil Asphalt Works in Los Angeles.
All his contracts are carefully filled and
promptly executed. System and despatch are
noticeable in all of his work. Among the build-
ers of Los Angeles he holds a recognized posi-
tion. Though not active in politics, he keeps
posted on all such questions and afifiliates with
the Democrats. In the Independent Order of
Good Templars he served as past officer four
terms and was also representative. Other fra-
ternal orders with which he has identified him-
self are the Independent Order of Foresters and
the Masonic Order, his initiation into Masonry
having taken place in Chateaugay Lodge No.
517. While living in New York, he married
Miss Jennie Wright, who was born in Franklin
county and died there, leaving two sons, Clar-
ence and Alton. His second marriage was
solemnized in Los Angeles and united him with
Miss Alice Denton, of this citv.

OTMAR BAUER. The name of Otmar
Bauer conveys a sense of security and solidity
from both a commercial and social standpoint,
and illustrates in emphatic manner the possibil-
ities behind sterling integrity combined with
financial and executive ability. A native of
Adrian, Mich., he was born November 16, 1848,
and was the youngest in a family of three sons
and five daughters. His parents, L. and Caro-
line Bauer, were both born near Stuttgart,
Wurtemberg. The father came to America in
1848, settling on a farm in the vicinity of Adrian,
Mich., where he was a pioneer. He died ten
years after taking up his residence among the
Michigan agriculturists.

In his youth Mr. Bauer had few of the ad-
vantages now at the disposal of the rising gen-
eration, and his education at the district schools
near Adrian was limited because of many
arduous home duties. At the age of fourteen
he was apprenticed to a tinner in Adrian, and
after completing his trade, began to look around
for a desirable field of activity. In 1866 he went
to Iowa and investigated the chances of liveli-
hood, but soon started overland to Oregon, ami
got as far as Laramie, where illness interfered
for the time being with further progress. The
better to regain his health he returned to Iowa,
and from there went to the copper mines of
Alichigan in the fall of 1867, locating in the
Lake Superior region at Keweenaw Point. This
venture proved remarkably successful, and in
time he assisted in the re-organization of the
Copper Falls Mining Company, of which he
was subsequently surface superintendent for
eighteen or twenty years. In the meantime his
life had expanded into various channels of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1047

activity, and one year had been spent in travel
throughout the west. In 1879 he was one of
the active and interested spectators of the great
Leadville boom, from which he reahzed a larger
profit than fell to the share of the majority who
thought to make a quick fortune.

In 189S Mr. Bauer became interested in the
horticultural possibilities of the peach belt in
Allegan county, Mich., and was fairly success-
ful up to the time of his removal to Los Angeles
in 1891. LTpon coming here he purchased five
acres of land on Thirtieth street, and an addi-
tional five acres on Twenty-eighth street, since
which many valuable pieces of city and county
property have come into his possession. He is
the owner of ninety acres of land on West
Adams street, adjacent to the city limits, and
laid out the Juanita tract of five acres on West
Twenty-eighth street, nearly all of which has
since been built up. At present he is interested
in perfecting plans for the Bauer tract of five
acres on Thirtieth street, which promises to be
a distinct addition to the available and desirable
building properties of that part of the city. Mr.
Bauer is a stockholder in the Los Angeles Edi-
son Electric Company, and is still interested in
various mining companies in Michigan and the
west.

In Marquette, Mich., Mr. Bauer married
Anna K. Warner, who was born near Adrian,
Mich. Of this union there are three children,
viz.: Alice R., who is now Mrs. Kelts, of Los
Angeles ; Nora A., who is attending the Ramona
College; and Owen W. Mr. Bauer is a Re-
publican in political affiliation, and is fraternally
connected with the Masons at Eagle River,
Mich. In the promotion for all worthy enter-
prises in Los Angeles he may be counted on to
contribute his practical aid, and his liberality
and good judgment indicate the man of broad
ideas, and ready understanding of the needs of
a cosmopolitan community.

F. O. ENGSTRUM. In Sweden's beautiful
capital city, Stockholm, Mr. Engstrum was born
January 4, 1848, the youngest among the tliree
children of Col. Frederick and Christine Eng-
strum, the former an officer in the Swedish
army and a member of a very old family there.
The family being in comfortable circumstances,
the son was given good educational advantages.
While still a boy, he began to learn the car-
penter's trade under his father, who was a con-
tractor and had a large shop. Later he fol-
lowed the national custom of ser\'ing for three
years in the army. The year 1871 found him in
New York City, ambitious to try his fortune
in the new world, with its vast opportunities.
I'rom that city he went to Louisiana and four
months later settled in Houston, Te.\., later fol-
lowing tlie carpenter's trade in Palestine, the

same state, and thence going to Fort Worth,
where he had the contracts for the warehouse
of J. H. Brown, the First National Bank and
many other large buildings.

Coming to California in 1886, Mr. Engstrum
began contracting in San Diego, but soon re-
moved to Escondido, where he built the princi-
pal residences, churches and banks, also the
high and grammar school buildings. From
there he came to Los Angeles in 1892 and has
since built up a large business as a contractor in
this city, where he has his office at No. 530
Byrne building. He was engaged in the erec-
tion of the Stimson building, the Posey and
Hellman residences, the home of John J. Fay,
Jr., on Adams street and Grand avenue, all in
Los Angeles; some buildings of the O.xnard
sugar factory and houses for the company, the
Oxnard Bank building, schoolhouse and hotel,
the Masonic Temple, and many residences for
citizens, all in O.xnard ; the bath house at Santa
Barbara, said to be without exception the finest
on the coast; the Santa Barbara high school
building, and the courthouse at Ventura. Re-
cently he completed a residence for his family
in Ellendale Place, and besides this propert'v
he owns other real estate in Los Angeles, and
property at Oxnard; also is a stockholder in the
Oxnard Bank and a director of the Oxnard
electric railroad. For the owners of the Salt
Lake Railroad he built the depot and turntable
in Los Angeles, and the bridges, culverts and
other special work between this point and
Pomona; also had the contracts for the Con-
servative Life Insurance building. Western
Paper and Box Company building," and Union
Oil and Tool Company's house and shops. As
a member of the Builders' Exchange and in
other ways, he keeps in touch with movements
and organizations for the benefit of the craft,
and is rightly esteemed to be one of the leading
representatives of the occupation in which he
engages.

By the marriage of Mr. Engstrum to Eliza-
beth Weatherly, who was born in Alabama and
is a member of a prominent southern familv.
there are three children, namely: Frederick,
who was graduated from the University of Cali-
fornia in i8g8 and is now engaged in" business
with his father; Blanche and Paul, In religion
the family are of the Baptist faith, Fraternallv
Mr. Engstrum is associated with the Benevolen't
Protective Order of Elks in Santa Barbara; the
lodge and encampment of Odd Fellows at Ox-
nard; the Knights of Pythias of Los Angeles;
Hueneme Lodge, F. & A. M., in which he was
made a Mason; Ventura Chapter and Com-
mandery, and Al Malakiah Temple, N. M. S.,
of Los Angeles. While he is interested in each
of these organizations, his main interest lies in
his occupation, and nothing is allowed to inter-
fere with it, 1)111 his time and attention are

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

closely given to the filling of his contracts in a
careful and painstaking manner.

JAMES BOTHWELL, the chief engineer of
the Cudahy Packing Company's plant at Los
Angeles, was born in Pittsburg. Pa., September
23/1845, and comes of Scotch descent on both
sides of the familv. His parents, John and Jane
(McVeigh) Bothwell, were natives respectively
of county Antrim and the vicinity of Belfast.
Ireland. The father came to America when a
young boy, settling in Pittsburg, where he en-
gaged in 'general contracting, and died some
years before the breaking out of the Civil war.
Three children were born into the family, and
all served during the Civil war in the One Hun-
dred and Twenty-third Pennsylvania Infantry.
Henrv, who was a soldier in Company E, was
a machinist, and died in .Allegheny City; and
William, a member of Company H, and but
fourteen vears of age when he started for the
war, was 'killed at the first battle of Fredericks-
burg, December 13, 1863.

Up to the time of the war James Bothwell
lived in Pittsburg, and received his education in
the public schools. In Allegheny City in 1862
he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and
Twenty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, and was
mustered in at Harrisburg for nine months. He
saw much of the grewsome and terrible side of
warfare, and fought in the battles of Bull Run,
South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg
(where his brother was killed), Chancellorsville.
the Wilderness, and many other battles and
skirmishes. After being mustered out in Har-
risburg in 1864, he returned to Allegheny City
r;i;d learned the trade of machinist with the
Pittsburg. Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad
Company, by whom he was sent to Crestline,
Ohio, as foreman in the repair shops and round
liousc. He afterwards became engineer be-
tween Crestline and Alliance, and then was sent
to j\lansficld, Ohio, as master mechanic of the
Toledo Division. A still later position was as
master mechanic with the Belt Railroad in Chi-
cago, 111., under Manager George S. Griscom,
after which he was located at Baraboo. Wis.,
as master mechanic under Manager J. D. Layng
for the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. Two
years later, in 1884. he resigned to come to
California on account of his wife's health, and
upon locating in Los .\ngeles, bought a ranch
seven miles south of the city and engaged in
liorticulture fcr two years. The land was even-
tually traded for city property, and A'Ir. Both-
well secured the position of cliief engineer for
the Los Angeles Electric Light Company, with
whom he remained for five years. This position
also was resigned to take charge of the engi-
neering department r>f the Temcscal tin mines,
in Riverside county, which, after fourteen
months, were obliged to suspend business, and

Mr. Bothwell returned to Los Angeles. In 1892
he accepted his present position as chief engi-
neer of the Cudahy Packing Plant, and his skill
and ingenuity have resulted in practically the
entire rebuilding of the power department. He
is in charge of six different stationary engines of
three hundred and fifty horse power, and twen-
ty-four pumps, besides an ice machine of one
Inmdred and eighty tons' capacity.

In Gallion, Ohio, Mr. Bothwell married Hat-
tie Reed, who was born in Crestline, Ohio, and
died in Los .Angeles. Of this union there were
three children, viz.: Charles L., who died at
the age of seventeen years; LaMoyne, who died
when eight years old; and E. R., who was an
operator at Port au Prince, Cuba, during the
Spanish-American war. Mr. Bothwell has by
no means confined his interests to his chosen
occupation. but has been substantially allied with
the political and other affairs of the places in
which he has lived. He is the owner of two
commodious residences in Los Angeles, and has
other propert)' in this and other surrounding
towns. As a stanch Democrat he has served
his party in various capacities, is an ex-member
of the county central committee, and while liv-
ing in Mansfield, Ohio, served four terms in the
city council, and for two terms was president
of the council. He is a man of broad general
information and practical opinions upon cur-
rent events, and as an engineer has few equals
and no superiors on the Pacific coast.

KNOWLTON REUBEN BRADLEY. A
more than local reputation has followed in the
wake of the large building accomplishments of
Knowlton Reuben Bradley, one of the most
skillful and resourceful of the contractors of
Los Angeles. Although a native of Laporte
county, Ind., born August 15, 1868, Mr. Brad-
lev has spent the greater part of his life in the
city whose prosperity he has so materiallv aided,
for he was but nine years of aere when his par-
ents, Reuben R. and Hester (Knowlton) Brad-
ley, natives of New York state, came to the
west. His father was reared in New York state
and became an early settler of Michigan City.
Ind., where he was a locomotive engineer, and
where he lived until his removal to Los .An-
geles in 1879. He readily found employment
with the .Southern Pacific Railroad Company,
and has since tendered them his faithful serv-
ices. Owing to ill health he is no longer the
vital power behind the engine, but is serving in
the more peaceful and less wearing capacity of
flagman. He married in his young manhood
into the Knowlton family, the paternal grand-
father Knowlton having been a farmer in New
York. Five children were born to thi.': couple,
of whom Knowlton Reuben is third.

After leaving the public schools of Los .An-
geles at his fifteenth year, Mr. Bradley appren-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1051

ticed to a bricklayer for three years, and after-
wards followed his trade until 1S92. He then
began contracting and building, and in 1S96
formed a partnership with J\Ir. Berg, under the
firm name of Bradley Ci Berg, an association
amicably continued until its dissolution in 1900.
Since then Mr. Bradley has carried on an indc-
I)endent business, and. judging from the extent
of his contracts, must have very nearly realized
his expectations. Among the buildings attrib-
utable to his skill of construction may be men-
tioned the Lankershim building, the O. T. John-
son building on the corner of Seventh and Main
streets, the Chamberlain building, the O. T.
Johnson building on the corner of Ninth and
Los .Angeles streets, the county hospital for the
insane, the Northern Machine Shop on North
Main street, and many others of equal impor-
tance. Among the fine residences are the Wil-
cox residence, that of H. C. Hooker on Adams
street, the Keeley (now the Laughlin) residence,
also on Adams street, the Newhall residence
and numerous others as imposing and deserving
of mention. Los Angeles alone has not profited
by his ability, for his artistic appreciation and
substantial merit have made his services in de-
mand in Yuma, San Diego, Pomona, Redlands
and Santa Monica.

In Los Angeles Mr. Bradley married inland
Dezell, a native of Northern California. Polit-
ically Mr. Bradley is independent, and believes
in voting for the best man. He is a member
of the Builders' Exchange, and of the Junior
Order United American Mechanics. Mr. Brad-
ley is popular in Los Angeles, and his services
in promoting the artistic improvement of the
city are generally recognized.

CHARLES ELTON. The administration of
Mr. Elton as chief of police of Los Angeles has
been well received throughout, the prevailing
impression being that he has brought order out
of chaos, and has placed the department on a
footing with its most exacting and systematic
contemporaries. His association with this part
of municipal control began in January of 1900,
at which time he received his appointment from
police commissioners Ling, Scarborough, Day,
Parker, and Mayor Eaton, to fill a vacancy, and
was re-appointed in January of 1901, for two
years, by the present board of police commis-
sioners. Great tact and good judgment have
characterized Mr. Elton's discharge of his re-
sponsible and never enviable position, his thor-
ough understanding of himself and those asso-
ciated with him resulting in the harmonious
adjustment of whatever difficulties arise while
dealing with the unruly elements of a large and
cosmopolitan city. It is conceded also that his
personal honor and devotion to truth and prin-
ciple have liad no little bearing upon a situation
too often desecrated by private gain at the ex-

pense of public loss, and this laudable manifesta-
tion is appreciated.

During his unusually active life Mr. Elton
has been variously occupied, and his experiences
have qualified him to be a leader of men. He
was born February 5, 1S55, at Hudson, Colum-
bia county, N. Y., on the banks of the historic
and beautiful river of that name. His father,
William M., was born in Connecticut, and his
grandfather, Elijah, who was a saddler by occu-
pation, was born in New York and died in Con-
necticut. William M. Elton was a merchant at
Hudson up to the time of his death at the age
of si.xty-three years. He was county supervisor
and justice of the peace, and was a prominent
]\Iason, being a member of Lafayette Com-
mandery No. 7. His wife, Lydia (Shadick)
Elton, was born in Columbia county. N. Y., and
came of Holland ancestry. Mrs. Elton, who
died in Hudson, was the mother of four chil-
dren, two of whom are living, one son and one
daughter, Charles Elton being the youngest.

From youth up Mr. Elton was trained in the
mercantile business, and assisted his father in
the carrying on of his store in Hudson. He
was sixteen years of age at the time of his
father's death, after which he learned to be an
engineer in the machine shops at Hudson, and
after qualifying, ran a stationary engine in the
brick-yards near the city. In search of larger
fields he removed to New York City in 1873,
and for two years managed a stationary engine.
With every intention of going into the railroad
business in the far west he visited Los Angeles
in 1875, but, finding the business overcrowded,
lie turned his attention for a time to ranching.
Delighted with the climate and general ad-
vantages to be found in the "City of the An-
gels," he returned to the east and settled up his
affairs, and in the fall of 1876 was again in the
west and employed in Los Angeles by the
Southern Pacific Railroad Company, as a fire-
man between here and Yuma, Ariz. At the end
of fourteen months he was promoted to the
position of engineer, and for eight years had an
unusually lucky experience w'hile taking trains
through Arizona, as far east as Dragoon Sum-
mit. In 1884 he resigned from his position and
engaged in the truck and transfer business with
C. Y. Boquist, a more recent partner being E.
H. Barmore, the interest of Mr. Boquist being
eventually purchased by Mr. Elton. The busi-
ness of the firm was conducted under the title
of the California Southern & Atlantic & Pacific
Transfer Company, to which was later added
the Sunset Transfer Company, the two interests
being incorporated as the Los Angeles Trans-
fer Company. Of this company Mr. Elton is
still vice-president, although when most active
he did the outside work.

Various city properties have come into tin-
possession of Mr. Elton. Tie is extensively in-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1052

terested in the development of oil, and with Mr.
Barmore has sunk two wells and is now at-
tempting another. He has further oil interests
near Newhall, where he owns a ranch. In poli-
tics he is a Republican, and was a member of
the county central committee for some time.
Fraternally he is a member of the East Gate
Masonic Lodge, of Los Angeles, and is asso-
ciated with the Benevolent Protective Order of
Elks. He was married in P.asadena to .\nnie
De Forest Phillips, who was born in Rensse-
laer county, N. Y., and came to Los Angeles
county in 1874. To Mr. and Mrs. Elton have
been born four daughters and two sons: Winni-
fred, Laura, Ray, Ada, Dorothea and William.

ROBERT BEYRLE. Almost every depart-
ment of contracting known to practical build-
ing has been mastered with scientific accuracy
by Robert Beyrle, whose name is not only asso-
ciated with some of the most ambitious general
building enterprises of Los Angeles, but is in-
vested with added distinction because of his
phenomenal attainments along the line of dams,
tunnels and general cement work.

In his personality Mr. Beyrle embodies the
sterling characteristics of his countrymen, traits
fostered and matured during his early education
and training in Marmoutier, Alsace, Germany,
where he was born May 20, 1859. His father,
Andrew, and his mother, Mary (Houser)
Beyrle, were natives of the same part of the
country, and the former was engaged in the
shoe business during the greater part of his
active life. In 1869 he brought his family to
Dallas, Tex., where terminated his useful life,
and where the mother is still living. Of the ten
children in the family eight are now living, and
of these, Andrew, is also a resident of this state,
and is identified with the California Planing
Mill Company of Los Angeles. As the oldest
of the children Robert Beyrle was early con-
fronted with the necessity for assisting in the
family maintenance, and as became a youth in
his station began to learn a trade at the age of
fourteen in Dallas, Tex., whither he had come
with his parents when ten years of age. Having
learned the carpenter business, he removed in
[882 to Sweetwater, Tex., and two years later
began to build with considerable success.

After becoming identified with Los Angeles
in 1887, Mr. Beyrle formed a partnership with
his brother, Andrew, the firm name being Rob-
ert & -Andrew Beyrle, and this association was
amicably continued until 1890. Since then Mr.
Beyrle has proceeded upon independent lines,
and among the buildings which attest his skill
may be mentioned the high school, Burbank
theatre, Santa Fe depot, Capp building, and
many more of equal importance and substantial-
ity of construction. Nor nui'-t it he supposed

that Mr. Beyrle has not extended his activities
to the necessities of surrounding towns, for he
was the successful builder of the Andrews block
in San Luis Obispo, the Ardizzie & Olcese
block and the schoolhouse in Kern, San Diego
Jail, besides many fine residences and business
blocks in Los Angeles.

California, renowned for its many large un-
dertakings, has among other things of note the
largest tunnel in diameter in the world, viz.:
the Broadway tunnel, which was completed bv
Mr. Beyrle in twenty-one months. The tunnel
is forty feet wide, twenty-two feet high, and
seven hundred and sixty feet long. The ex-
cavation was made for the tunnel fifty feet wide
and twenty-four and a-half feet high, and this
having a six-foot wall at bottom tapering to a
two and a-half foot top center. The enterprise
was a decided success, and won for the builder
encomiums of praise from all sides. Mr. Beyrle
lias been equally successful in constructing nu-
merous dams in different parts of this county,
and has made a special study of all kinds of
heavy and important masonry, whether in con-
crete or cement.

While in Dallas. Tex., Mr. r)eyrle married
Katie Reeb, a native of Alsace, Germany, and
reared in Illinois and Texas. Of this union
there are four children, Oscar R., Robert A.,
Charles and Katie. Fraternally Mr. Beyrle is
associated with South Gate Lodge No. 320,
F. & A. M., at Los .Angeles; Signet Chapter.
R. A. M.; the Maccabees, and Royal Arcanum.
He is a Democrat in national politics, and is a
member of the Builders' Exchange. Mr. Beyrle
represents the highest type of builder in the
state which numbers so many experts among its
citizens, and he is one of the progressive and
substantial members of a community wnose
greatest pride is the character and high attain-
ments of its members.

JOHN BREINER. The family represented
bv Mr. Breiner, of Pasadena, is of German ex-
traction. His father and grandfather, both of
whom bore the name of John, were natives of
Baden-Baden, and on coming to .\nierica set-
tled at Bloomville, Ohio, where the grandfather
engaged in farm pursuits during the remainder
of his life. The father went to Pittsburg, Pa.,
and for thirty-five years was employed as fore-
man for a large blacksmithing house in that city,
occupying this position at the time of his death,
when fifty-five years of age. He is survived bv
his wife, Catherine (Zeigler) Brcincr. who was
born in Baden-Baden and now makes Pittsburg
her home. Born of their marriage are five chil-
dren now living, of whom John was the oldest
and the only one to settle in California. He
was born in Pittsburg March 16, 1858, and at
the age of thirteen began an apprenticeship to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1053

the butcher's trade in his home city. At the
expiration of his term of service he began to
follow the trade as a journeyman, working in
various states of the north and south.

During 1884 Mr. Breiner arrived in Califor-
nia, where for two years he was employed in
San Francisco. In 1886 he came to Pasadena,
where he has since engaged in the meat busi-
ness, first as an employe in the Excelsior mar-
ket, but since 1887 as proprietor of the City
market, at No. 118 East Colorado street. His
market is well equipped with modern conven-
iences and has large refrigerator capacity. Not
only is he one of the oldest meat dealers in
Pasadena, but he is also among the oldest-estab-
lished business men of the city, and in his long
connection with the business interests of the
town he has met with financial success, besides
gaining a reputation for reliability and upright-
ness in all transactions.

The home of Mr. Breiner, at No. 826 East
Colorado street, is presided over by his wife,
who was formerly Miss Irene Gardner, of San
Francisco. They have three children, John, Jr.;
Lester and Edna. While Mr. Breiner is not a
parti.>an, he is well informed concerning public
questions and gives his influence to the Repub-
lican party. The Pasadena Board of Trade and
Merchants" Protective Association number him
among their members. Outside of business
matters and the enjoyment of his home circle,
there is nothing in which he feels a deeper in-
terest than in Masonry, and we find him quite
prominent in that order. After coming to Pasa-
dena he was made a Mason in Lodge No. 272,
to which he now belongs, and he was raised to
the chapter and commandery in this city, and
to the Alystic Shrine in Al Alalakiah Temple,
N. M. S., of Los Angeles. During his residence
in San Francisco he was initiated into the Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows and on settlmg
in Pasadena transferred his membership to the
lodge at this point, also is connected with the
encampment, in which he is a past officer.
Other organizations with which he is identified
are the Maccabees, Woodmen of the World and
Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, while,
with his wife, he is also associated with the
Eastern Star.

DAVID BRIAN. A resident of Los Angeles
since 1891, Mr. Brian was born in Lawrence
county. 111., December 14, 1855, being the third
child in the family of John M. and Leah (Lan-
dis) Brian, natives respectively of Hesse-Darm-
stadt. Germany, and Richland county. Pa. In
1835 his father came to America, having served
in the Prussian army for ten years as a com-
missioned officer. During his entire residence
in this country he made his home in Lawreme
cnnntv. Til. where he first followed the milling

business, and later carried on a farm. In reli-
gion he adhered to the Lutheran faith, in which
he had been reared, and he continued faithful
to its teachings until his death, at sixty-eight
years of age. His wife, who also died in Law-
rence county, was a daughter of Samuel Landis.
a Pennsylvanian who spent his last years in the
then frontier state of Illinois.

In a family of four sons and two daughters,
all of whom are still living except one son,
David Brian was third in order of birth. The
district schools afiforded him fair educational
advantages, while on the home farm he learned
lessons of industry, thoroughness and perse-
verance. Engineering in some of its branches
lias been his occupation ever since he was eight-
een, at which time he became a switchman in
the St. Louis yards of the Indianapolis & St.
Louis , Railroad. Two years later he secured
employment as stationary engineer with James
A. Cunningham, of Vincennes, Ind. On thp
burning down of the factory, he turned his at-
tention to agriculture, and for two years carried
on a farm in Wabash county. 111. However, en-
gineering was more to his taste than farming,
and he resumed his old occupation, taking a
position as stationary engineer in a flour mill at
Sumner, 111.

On coming to Los Angeles, in I\Iay, 1891,
Mr. Brian was employed to assist in putting in
the plant of the Los Angeles Consolidated
Railway Company (now the Los Angeles Rail-
way Company), and on the opening of the plant
he was made second assistant engineer, after-
ward being promoted to first engineer. The
latter position he resigned in June, 1898, in
order to accept a place with the San Gabriel
Electric Company, whose plant he started with
one engine and four boilers. The capacity is
now five thousand horse-power, having been
doubled since the first engine was put in. He
continues in the position of engineer, and his
services here, as elsewhere, have proved ac-
ceptable and satisfactory. Along the line of his
chosen occupation, he is identified with Los
Angeles Division No. 2, Stationary Engineers,
while fraternally he is associated with the Inde-
pendent Order of Foresters; the Unifomi
Rank, K. O. T. M.; and the Odd Fellows, being
connected with the lodge in Sumner, III. where
he was initiated into the order.

The marriage of David Brian and Frances L.
Fisher was solemnized in Lawrence county,
III, at the home of the bride's father, M. C
Fisher, a pioneer of Richland county. III, but
for years a resident of Lawrence county. The
home of Mr. and Mrs. Brian, at No. 727 Clin-
ton street, is brightened by the presence of their
children, of whoiri there are six, namely: Callie,
Ora, Elmer. Flora, Ina and Cyrena. The familv
are members of the Methodist Episcopal Churcli
and attendants at its services, besides beinr' iit-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

terested in various societies connected with the
congregation. While Mr. Brian is a stanch Re-
publican, yet his interest in politics has never
led him into partisanship nor has he ever sought
official honors or political prominence, his tastes
being in the direction of business pursuits and
domestic pleasures rather than public afifairs.

W. P. BUTCHER. Santa Barbara has no
more enthusiastic advocate of her manifold
charms than W. P. Butcher, lawyer, scholar and
man of letters. Of English descent, he was
born in Camden county, Mo., February 14,
1854, a son of John Wesley Butcher, a native
of Granger county, Tenn. The paternal grand-
father was born in England, and married a Ger-
man lady, and upon immigrating to the United
States located in Montgomery county, Md. The
mother of W. P. Butcher, one of the most noble
and interesting of women, was formerly Esther
Young Callison, and was born at Abing-
don, Va., a daughter of John K. Callison,
who removed from Scotland to Virginia,
and there engaged in farming. Mrs. Butcher
reared her sons and daughters to be use-
ful and capable men and women, and herself
lived to the age of four score and one years.
Of the sons, John H., who was a practicing law-
yer in Rolla, Mo.; Oliver and James, who were
farmers, were soldiers in the Union army dur-
ing the Civil war; Marion is a farmer in Mis-
souri, and Roland died in the Iron state; Mary,
Almira and Sarah are deceased; and Juliette is
living in Missouri.

John Wesley Butcher was a clergyman in the
Baptist Church, and preached for several years
in Missouri. Upon coming west he built a
flat boat upon which he traveled down the river
to Cairo, then by boat to St. Louis, and up the
Osage river to Camden county, near Linncreek,
where he entered land and improved a farm,
clearing it of timber and preparing the soil for
the reception of crops. In 1854 he removed to
Laclede county. Mo., and settled in the heart
of the wilderness ten miles from any house, and
there also he endured the hardships of the pio-
neer, but developed a most successful stock-
farm. In Missouri also located his brother,
David, who emulated him in success, but dif-
fered in political affiliation and general charac-
ter, for he was in all things a southerner, and
consequently a slaveholder. As a freesoiler and
an abolitionist, John Wesley Butcher exerted
quite an influence in his locality, but it was un-
fortunately an antagonistic one, for his was the
only family within a radius of ten miles which
was loyal to the Union. His oldest son, John
H.. was a fearless man and a radical abolitionist,
and with his brothers, James and Oliver, served
all through the war. He was promoted to the
rank of major in the Missouri regiment of in-
fantry in wliich he served, and was wnundcfl

while engaged in conflict with Colonel Coffee.
It is not surprising that in the face of such un-
daunted courage the neighbors who had for-
merly been friendly with the Butcher family
resorted to all manner of devices to indicate
their displeasure at their attitude in regard to
the Union, and that they emphasized their hos-
tility by burning their fences, outhouses and
crops. In the face of this calamity the family
were reduced to dire straits, particularly so be-
cause the father had died in i860, and the sense
of personal responsibility fell heavily upon the
sons of the house. As the oldest son, it be-
hooved W. P. Butcher to leave home and lace
the problem of self-support, and it is no exag-
geration to say that his lot was an unusually
hard one, and that his perseverance and grit
alone overcame the conflicting obstacles.

At the age of twenty Mr. Butcher began to
teach school, having acquired his education by
dint of hard study and attendance at the public
schools. There materialized also the opportu-
nity, long sought, to study law, and his first
instruction in the science was under State Sen-
ator W. I. Wallace, of Lebanon, AIo., and re-
sulted in his admission to the bar of ^lissouri
in 1881. Until his removal to California in 1883
he practiced in Lebanon, Mo., and his first four
years in the west were devoted to travel
through different portions of the state. After
locating in Santa Barbara in 1887 he engaged
in a general law practice, and his wide under-
standing of legal principles has gained for him
an enviable reputation among the professional
men of the city. In his literary capacity Mr.
Butcher contributes to a wide range, his pro-
ductions including prose and poetry. Among
the latter, "An Evening by the Sea" and "A
Morning by the Sea" are considered particularly
fine expressions of poetic license.

The marriage of Mr. Butcher and Laura
Hurtzig occurred in Santa Barbara. Mrs.
Butcher was born in Forest Hill. Cal., and is a
daughter of Franz Hurtzig, deceased, a gradu-
ate of Leipzig, Germany, and one of the pio-
neers of California. One of the best educated
men in the state, he was a graduate physician,
although he did not practice, and had one of the
finest libraries of Greek and Latin literature to
be found in the west. He was formerly engaged
in mining and owned a very rich and promising
mine, but failed to realize his expectations be-
cause of the dishonesty of his partners, in whose
judgment and good management he relied. Two
children have been born to Mr. and Mrs.
Butcher: Tillie, who is eleven years of age.
and William Preston, Jr., who is nine years of
age, and a natural poet. Mr. Butcher is frater-
nally associated with the Masons, the Knights
of Pythias, and the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows, and with his wife is a member of the
Eastern Star. In politics he is a Republican.

^^WvAHi » ^Vvi-<Awv»^.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1057

CHIEF THOMAS STROHM. A strenuous
and many-sided activity has characterized the
career of Chief Thomas Strohm, and no tinge
of narrowness or misdirection has marred the
ambitions and abilities out of which has grown
an enviable popularity, and fashioned what the
community of Los Angeles acknowledges one
of its strong and desirable citizens, as well as
the most efficient fire department chief the city
has known for years. Out of his multitudinous
observations of life J\Ir. Strohm has evolved a
philosophy regarding perfect health and general
physical well-being, which pre-supposes that the
possessor of this inestimable boon called health,
has in a corresponding degree a clear intelli-
gence, high morality, and capacity for all-
around common sense and well doing. Acting
upon this conviction he has spent many years
of his life in teaching people the art of physical
development, and is one of the expert authori-
ties in a line of study which is receiving more
and more the sanction and approval of thought-
ful minds. In this connection he organized the
Los Angeles Athletic club in 1885, and for two
years was the instructor of physical culture.

The traditions and accomplishments of the
Strohm ancestry have their location in Wurtem-
berg, Germany, and in this prosperous and re-
nowned portion of the empire, near the city of
Ulm, Chief Strohm was born, November 5,
1846. His father, Matthew, who was born in
1808, was also a native of Wurtemberg, as was
his mother, Anna Barbara (Jauch) Strohm,
daughter of Mathias Jauch, representative of a
very old and distinguished Wurtemberg family.
The elder Strohm was a master mason, con-
tractor and builder in Germany, and in 1852
brought his family to America, the sailing vessel
from Havre to New Orleans making the long
journey in three months. He then sailed up
the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Cincinnati,
where he engaged in contracting and building,
an occupation continued until his death, July
2, i860. His brother, Capt. Thomas Strohm.
received his commission in Germany by reason
of valiant service in the Wurtemberg cavalry.
The mother, who died in Cincinnati in 1879, at
the age of sixty-seven years, was the parent of
eleven children, seven of whom grew to matur-
ity, ancffour are living. Thomas and John, the
latter of whom is lieutenant of chemical engine
No. 2, are the only members of the family on
the coast. Another son, Prof. Matthew Strohm,
is instructor of gymnastics in the United States
Naval Academy at Annapolis, and has held the
position for thirty-four years.

Chief Strohm was reared in Cincinnati, Ohio,
and educated in the public schools. In 1865 he
was apprenticed to learn the trade of machinist
in the A. B. HoUabird shops, and at the same
time perfected himself to become professor of
gymnastics. In 1868 he removed to Kansas

City, Mo., and was employed as leading ma-
chinist in the J. B. Green shops for eighteen
months, and simultaneously taught gymnastics
in the Turn-Verein. Upon removing afterwards
to St. Louis he was employed by the Missouri
Pacific Railroad Company in their shops, and
was leader of the St. Louis Turn-Verein until
1872. During that year he settled in San Fran-
cisco, and was for three months in the Pacific
machine shops, also was connected with the
Turn-Verein. He was then in the shops of the
Southern Pacific Railroad Company at Sacra-
mento, and in the latter part of 1873 went to
Mary sville, this state, where for eighteen months
he worked in the shops of Booth & Co. dur-
ing the day time, and taught gymnastics during
the evening. After returning to San Francisco
he was a machinist for three months in the
United States mint, after which he yielded to
the solicitations of the Los Angeles Turn-
Verein and became their gymnasium instructor,
coming to Los Angeles in March of 1876. At
Wilmington he was later employed in the shops
of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and after the
removal of the shops to Los Angeles he con-
tinued in his former capacity until 1878. A later
venture was the starting of a grocery business
on the corner of First and Vine streets, which
was continued for seven years, and then substi-
tuted by the manufacture of ice and soda. For
the carrying out of the latter enterprise ex-
tensive ice machinery was put in, also soda
works, and after a time soda alone was manu-
factured. This business is still having an un-
interrupted era of success, at No. 323 Towne
avenue, and is known as the Excelsior Soda
Works, being run by the sons of Mr. Strohm.

Since 1876 Mr. Strohm has been from time to
time connected with the Los Angeles fire de-
partment and was at first with the No. i Engine
Company. In August of 1887 he was elected
chief of the fire department of Los Angeles, and
resigned from the position in 1888, his re-elec-
tion followed in 1889. After resigning again in
1 89 1 he returned to his gymnastic teaching, and
in 1893 was elected councilman from the seventh
ward and served for one term. In April of 1900
he was again elected chief of the Los Angeles
fire department, and has ever since filled this
responsible position with credit to himself and
ihe city which he represents. Under his admin-
istration the department has been greatly im-
proved and enlarged, and is now a full-paid de-
partment of one hundred and twenty men. Of
the eighteen different houses four are double,
and there are eleven engine companies, five
hose companies, two chemical engine compa-
nies, and four hook and ladder trucks, eighty
horses being required in the department. All
the latest and most expeditious devices for ex-
tinguishing fire are adopted regardless of cost,
including the latest electric fire alarms.

lOoS

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

In Los Angeles Mr. Strohm married Emily
Schubnell, who was born in Oregon, and of
this union there are four children: Lewis R.,
Anna B., Clarence B., and Walter T. Mr.
Strohm is prominent fraternally, and variously
interested in the best organizations in the coun-
try. He was made a Mason while living in
Marysville, and is now associated with Los An-
geles Lodge No. 42, in which he is past master;
was raised to Los Angeles Chapter No. 33 ; is a
member of the Council, R. & S. M.; Command-
ery No. 9, K. T., in which he was captain-gen-
eral in 1883; and is also connected with Al Ma-
lakiah Temple, N. M. S. The Ancient Order of
United Workmen and Benevolent Protective
Order of Elks number him among their mem-
bers. He is associated with the Los Angeles
Chamber of Commerce and the Germania Turn-
Verein, in which organization in various places
he has been active for forty years. A Republi-
can in politics, he has served on county and city
central committees, has been active in his ward,
and was a delegate to the state convention in
1898 which nominated Hon. H. T. Gage for
governor.

REV. EVERETr L. CONGER, D. D. Rep-
resentative of a family holding an honored place
in the annals of our nation is Dr. Conger, who
by his own useful and helpful life has added
lustre to the family name. He was born De-
cember 23, 1839, in Cherry Grove, Knox
county, 111., where his parents, L. E. and Mary
W. (Hurd) Conger, natives respectively of New
York and Vermont, located in 1837. His father
was a rugged pioneer farmer who entered gov-
ernment land with every dollar he could earn
and became an extensive dealer in cattle and
lands. He was one of the founders of the Re-
publican party, a champion of its principles and
a personal friend of Abrah?.m Lincoln. He
moved to Galesburg in 1850, where he was one
of the prime movers, and gave largely of his
increasing fortune in founding Lombard Col-
lege, under the auspices of a liberal theology,
and the first institution (after Oberlin) to open
its doors to women for an equal education with
men. In 1870 he moved to Iowa and established
a bank at Dexter, where he died two years
later. Of his thirteen children all but two at-
tained maturity, E. L. being the third of these.

The eldest son, George W., enlisted in the
Civil war and sleeps in an unknown grave.
Harriet married John Thomas, of Cedar Rapids,
Iowa. Hannah W. married O. P. Williams, of
Dexter, Iowa, where she died. Edwin Hurd,
who graduated from Lombard at nineteen, en-
listed as a private in the Civil war, rose to the
rank of captain, marched with Sherman to the
sea and was honorably discharged as brevet-
major at the close of the w^r. After graduating

from the Albany (N. Y.) law school, he settled
in Iowa, where he served his fellow citizens as
county supervisor, county treasurer, state treas-
urer, and for three terms as congressman, finally
resigning this position to become minister 10
Brazil under President Harrison. Under Presi-
dent McKinley he was transferred to Pekin,
China, where he so honored his country and
immortalized his name in the dreadful siege of
July, 1900. Helen, Mrs. George Pierce, died
in Des Moines, Iowa. Alta married Charles
Baldwin, now deceased. For many years she
has been in Washington, D. C, with the botan-
ical division of the agricultural department.
Frank is with the Graham & JMorton Steamship
Company in St. Joseph, Mich. John W. is agent
for the Douglas-Lacy Company, bankers and
brokers of New York, at Prescott. Ariz. Wil-
liam became a prominent banker and financier
in Iowa and died at Fresno, Cal. Alary W. is
the wife of Capt. E. A. Edwards, of the Twenty-
fifth United States Infantry, who was wounded
at San Juan Hill in the Spanish war and is now
detailed at Washington, D. C, in writing up
the records of that struggle for the war depart-
ment.

E. L. Conger was graduated at Lombard Col-
lege with the degrees of A. B. and A. M. He
received his theological education at St. Law-
rence University, in New York. Buchtel College
of Ohio gave him the honorary degree of D. D.
During his ministerial work of forty years he
has held only four pastorates, these being at
Monroe, Wis.; Taunton. Mass.; Concord,
N. H., and Pasadena, Cal. The large and pros-
perous L^niversalist Church at Pasadena was or-
ganized and built up under his leadership. He
was also a close adviser and co-worker with
his parishioner and friend, Hon. A. G. Tliroop,
in establishing the Throop Polytechnic Insti-
tute. For some years he was financial agent
for Lombard College in Illinois, whose endow-
ment and patronage he largely increased, be-
sides starting its theological department, which
was afterward named the Ryder Divinity
School, in honor of Dr. William H. Ryder, of
Chicago, a very liberal giver to its endowment
fund.

Dr. Conger's first wife, Jenny Biddlecome,
died in Monroe, \\'is., leaving a daughter,
Jenny, who is the wife of E. C. Conger, of the
Union Hardware Company, Los Angeles. His
second wife, Annie Smith Dwinell, is buried
with their daugliter. May, in Taunton, Mass.
In 1875 Dr. Conger married j\liss Harriet A.
Drowne, a native of Providence, R. I. Tliey
have two children, Ray, who is now in the
Union Savings Bank of Pasadena; and Lyda,
wife of Richard A. Vose, a native of Maine, now
living in Clinton, Iowa.

Failing health from overwork compelled the
doctor to relinquish the arduous duties of a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

large parish, but his deep interest in the wel-
fare of others keeps liim active in the educa-
tional, charitable, philanthropic and religious
work of the community.

_ CAPT. D. W. MARTIN, chief of police of
Santa Barbara, is a popular and efficient officer,
and lias realized, in his administration, the ex-
pectations of those who placed him in his pres-
ent responsible position. During the years that
have elapsed since 1883 he has been continually
before the public eye, and in one capacity or an-
other has been called upon to defend life and
property against the unruly. Yet during all
that time, while thrown with the vicious, the
desperate and the misguided, he has maintained
a dignity of demeanor, a common sense judg-
ment, and a consistent understanding of human
nature, compatible with his duty as a public
servant and gentleman. Furthermore it is em-
phatically asserted by those who know of his
coming and going that at no time have his
various positions been used for personal gain at
the expense of public confidence, a catastrophe
which only too often darkens the career of less
public-spirited and less honorable men.

A southerner by instinct and training, Mr.
Martin was born in Louisville, Ky., November
19, 1854, a son of Thomas C. Martin, who was
born in Nashville, Tenn. The paternal grand-
father, Thomas, was also born in Tennessee, and
tjiere engaged in farming until his removal to
near Louisville, Ky., where, in July of 1876, he
attained to the age of ninety-nine years. He
was of Scotch descent, and served in the war of
1812, his father, equally patriotic, having been
a soldier in the war of the Revolution. Thomas
C. Martin removed from Kentucky to St. Jo-
seph, Mo., when his son, D. W., was six months
old, and there engaged in the livery business
and also was a veterinar>' surgeon. With hopes
of more rapid financial gain he went to Mon-
tana in i860, and for eight years was engaged
in mining with fluctuating success. It is sur-
mised that the result of his experiment was
the conviction that after all a sure and steady
business career was the most desirable if not the
most exciting, for he returned to Atchison,
Kans., and re-engaged in the livery business
until removing to Santa Barbara in 1875. In
the beautiful Southern California city he lived
until his death in February of 1890, his wife
having died in 1883. Before her marriage the
mother of Captain Martin was Sarah Shumake,
who was born in Kentucky, and became the
mother of eight children, three of whom are liv-
ing, the youngest being Captain Martin.

Captain Martin was educated in St. Joseph,
Mo., and Atchison, Kans., and in 1869 went to
work on farms in the vicinity of the latter-
named city. He eventually became associated
\vith the Hannibal & St. Joe Railroad, and ran

from Atchison to St. Joe. In November of 1876
he engaged in ranching in Santa Barbara county,
Cal., and tor the following three years was in-
terested in teaming. He then entered the em-
ploy of Col. W. W. Hollister, and in 1883 was
appointed special night ofiicer for the city of
Santa Barbara. From then on his promotion
was in accord with his pronounced ability as an
officer, and in 1884 be was elected marshal of
the city for two years, his re-election following
in 1886, 1888 and 1890. Though defeated for
the office of marshal in 1892, he was elected in
November of the same year a constable, and
re-elected in 1895 for four years, and in April
of 1896 was elected marshal for two years, and
re-elected for an equal length of time in 1898.
In January of 1900, when the new city charter
provided for the appointment of a chief of po-
lice, he secured the appointment, and now has
six officers under him. Captain Martin is an
ex-member of the county central committee. He
is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and
is prominent in fraternal circles, being asso-
ciated with the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows, Santa Barbara Lodge No. 156, and with
the Encampment; with the Ancient Order of
United Workmen, of which he is financier; with
the Foresters of America, and with the Benevo-
lent Protective Order of Elks, of which he is a
charter member in the Santa Barbara Lodge.

In Santa Barbara Mr. Martin married Frances
Sanchez, a native of Ventura, Cal., and a mem-
ber of one of the old Spanish fajnilies. To
Mr. and Mrs. Martin have been born six chil-
dren, Ida May. Daniel A., Walter B., Mabel,
Dora and Blanche.

JOHN TEMPLETON CHAMBERS. As
chief engineer of the Los Angeles city hall, Mr.
Chambers discharges one of the many impor-
tant responsibilities which have come his way,
and which have won for him a deservedly high
reputation among his fellow craftsmen. Nor
is a minute understanding of wheels and cogs
and pistons his only claim to recognition, for
wherever his wandering life has temporarily
found repose and occupation, whether on the
large waterways of the country, or in the wild
and dangerous mining localities of Montana,
W)oming and Utah, he has found interests
other than his boyhood occupation, and has
had a voice in the political and general advance-
ment.

A descendant of Gen. John Templeton, who
shouldered his musket during the earlier part
of the Revolutionary war, and" later directed the
muskets of his subordinates, Mr. Chambers was
born in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 23, 1850, a
son of James Monroe and .Anna (Linton) Cham-
bers, natives respectively of Berks county. Pa.,
and Clermonf county, Ohio. James Monroe
Chambers was a marine engineer on the Ohio

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

and Mississippi rivers, and lived at times in Cin-
cinnati, St. Louis and New Orleans. During
the Civil war he was engineer on the Federal
gunboat at the siege and battle of Vicksburg,
and afterward put in the machinery in the mills
and manufactories .at Naples. On the return
trip by boat to St. Louis he disappeared, and it
is supposed that he was murdered for his
money. His wife died in Centerville, Ohio, m
1897,' leaving three children, of whom John
Templeton is the second, and the only one on
the coast.

From earliest youth Mr. Chambers was as-
sociated with his father on the river boats, and
received his educational training in St. Louis
and Ohio. When fifteen years old he went to
work as striker or assistant engineer under his
father, and ran from Cincinnati to New Or-
leans on the Mary Hines. Later he ran on the
same boat up the Red river, then on the Lu-
minary between St. Louis and New Orleans.
Mr. Chambers became identified with the Mem-
phis & Cincinnati Packet Company as assistant
engineer, and ran between Cincinnati and Mem-
phis, Cincinnati and Big Sandy, and up the
Cumberland. For three summers he was with
the Northern Line Packet Company and ran
between St. Louis and St. Paul on the Sucker
State, Minneapolis and Rob Roy, and during
the winter seasons ran south to New Orleans
and to tributaries of the river. In 1868 he
crossed the plains to Salt Lake City in the em-
ploy of the Wells-Fargo Company, but the fol-
low'ing year returned to St. Louis, where he
took out his last boat (the Richmond) on the
]\Iississippi river.

In 1870 Air. Chambers went to Dayton, Ohio,
and from there to Fairplay, Park county, Colo.,
where he engaged in prospecting and mining,
and became an important factor in the general
affairs of the town. He served as deputy post-
master under Mr. Stafford, who was also county
recorder, and was fairly successful as a miner.
1872 found him in Laramie City, Wyo., as fire-
man on the Union Pacific Railroad between
Laramie and Rawlings, his promotion to engi-
neer following at the end of si.x months. This
was continued until 1878, after which for two
years he was engineer of the Armour plant, and
for nearly seven years was with the Fowler
Brothers Packing Company, in charge of the
refrigerating department. This plant had a
horse power of five hundred, and Air. Chambers
continued its superintendency until 1887, after
which he resigned and located in San Diego
county, Cal. At Escondido he superintended
the budding of the waterworks, and managed
the same for seven years, and was one of the
substantial and progressive factors in the de-
velopment of the city. As the first city treas-
urer his administration gave general satisfac-
tion for five vears, and he also served on the

school board, and sought to elevate the educa-
tional standard of the community. In the fall
of 1893 he resigned from the waterworks posi-
tion to become foreman of the water service of
the Santa Fe Railroad in California, with head-
quarters at San Bernardino. The following
year he came to Los Angeles as assistant engi-
neer for the Los Angeles Railway Company on
Seventh street and Grand avenue, and was next
night engineer for the Los Angeles Electric Light
Company's plant. After erecting the plant and
putting in the machinery for the Acme laundry,
he continued its management for two years, and
in January of 1897 was appointed chief engineer
in the city hall. So satisfactory have proved his
services that his reappointment followed in 1890
and 1 90 1.

In Madison county. 111., Mr. Chambers mai-
ried Mary L. Richards, a native of Ohio, and
of this union there have been three children,
Mamie L., who is now Mrs. Kistler, of Los .An-
geles; Ida Belle; and Howard. Fraternally
Mr. Chambers is associated with the Independ-
ent Order of Odd Fellows, which organization
he joined in Kansas City, and he is a member
of the Los Angeles Commercial Lodge and the
Veteran Association. As a member of the Na-
tional Stationary Engineers he is secretary of
the employment committee, and represented the
association at the national convention in St.
Louis in 1899. He is a Republican in politics,
and is a broad-minded, progressive citizen, well
abreast of current events, and in sympathy with
all intelligent advancement.

J. A. CAMPBELL. As superintendent and
manager of the Moneta Cannery Company, Mr.
Campbell is connected with a growing and im-
portant industry, which furnishes abundant op-
portunity for the exercise of wise judgment and
keen energy. A native of Iowa, born January
14, 1878, and educated in the schools of that
state, he came to California in 1894 and entered
the employ of G. H. Waters & Co., of Pomona,
with whom he remained for seven years, com-
ing from there to Moneta in the capacity of
superintendent of the cannery. With him in
the cannery is his brother, Kemper, while the
third brother, Vernon, formerly manager of
the cannery at Moneta, is now in charge of
a cannery at Ontario, this state. The three
brothers built this cannery in 1900, and now
have a plant valued at $10,000, with a capacity
of ten thousand cans per day. Fruits and vege-
tables of all kinds are turned out, the sale for
which is limited only by the capacity of the
plant. Connected with the cannery is a puqip-
ing plant, capacity one hundred and seventy-
five inches, a part of this water being used in
the cannery, while the larger portion is sold.

The father of Mr. Campbell was S. B. Camp-
bell, M. D., who was born in Vernon, Ind., and

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1063

received the degree of M. D. from the Univer-
sity of Michigan. For twenty-five years he
practiced medicine in Iowa, meantime also car-
rying on a drug business. Durmg the Civil
war he was engaged as assistant surgeon ot
Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-second
Indiana Volunteer Infantry. The demands of
his practice and various business interests
proved too great a tax upon his health, and.
hoping that a rest from his labors and a change
of climate would prove beneficial, in 1892 he
came to California. An immediate benefit was
realized and the following }ear he returned to
Iowa, but soon afterward died. During 1874
he had married, in Iowa. Miss Carrie Otterman.
who was born in Montgomery county, Md.. a
daughter of Joseph and Melissa (Westfall) Ot-
terman, natives respectively of Virginia and
Ohio. Her maternal grandfather, Cornelius
Westfall, was a farmer of Kentucky, from which
state he removed to Indiana, and there died.
Mr. Otterman followed the occupation of an
architect in Indiana, and from there in 1864
removed to Iowa, where he bought and im-
proved a farm of four hundred and sixtv acres.
Some years since he retired from active cares
and is now Hving, retired, in Adel, Iowa, Of
his two children, Mrs. Campbell was the older.
Her education was received in grammar and
high schools in Iowa, and there in 1874 she
became the wife of Dr. Campbell. Born of
their union were six children, namely: Vernon,
of Ontario, Cal.; Hazel, who is with her brother
in Ontario; Joseph A., the subject of this arti-
cle; Garnett, Kemper and Gladys, all living
with their mother at Moneta. The family are
identified with the Christian Church.

SAMUEL CALVERT FOY. As a citizen
of Los Angeles Mr. Foy was identified with its
history from the very early pioneer days until
his death, a period covering almost a half cen-
tury. During all of the intervening years he was
a witness of its growth and a contributor to its
development. It is difficult for the present gen-
eration to comprehend the remarkable trans-
formation wrought in the aspect of this city and
the personnel of its citizens; indeed, little re-
mains the same as when he first saw it except the
matchless climate and the beautiful scenery.
All else is changed, and it was his happy priv-
ilege, not only to assist in this transformation,
but to enjoy its fruition during his last days.

The Foy family is of Irish descent. The
name was originally spelled Fahy, but the pres-
ent form has been in use ever since the records
began to be presen'cd by Capt. John Foy. The
latter was a native of Cashal, near Castlerea,
county of Roscommon, province of Connaught,
Ireland, and was the youngest of sixteen
children. On coming to America he settled in
Kentucky, where he followed civil engineering.

Through the influence of Henry Clay, whose
warm friend he was, employment was secured
for him in the Washington botanical gardens
and he filled that position with ability and suc-
cess. The National Intelligencer of August 25,
1833, states that "For many years, as superin-
tendent of the Capitol grounds, he greatly con-
tributed by his taste and industry to the embel-
lishing and beautifying of the park and making
it what it is to-day, one of the finest in the
world." He married Mary Calvert, who was
born in Kentucky in July, 1800, a daughter of
Christopher and Eliza (Cox) Calvert, natives of
Virginia, the former descended from John
Cecil Calvert of Baltimore.

Three sons and one daughter (the latter de-
ceased in infancy) were born in Washington, D.
C, to the union of Capt. John and Mary (Cal-
vert) Foy. By a later marriage the latter be-
came the mother of two children, of whom the
survivor is Josephus W. Rich, of Covington,
Ky. Samuel Calvert Foy was born September
23, 1830, and received his education in Burling-
ton (Ky.) Academy. After learning the har-
nessmaker's trade in Cincinnati, Ohio, he fol-
lowed the occupation in Natchez, Miss. Stories
of the discovery of gold in California aroused
in him an ambition to try his fortune in the far
west, and in 1852 he arrived in California via
Havana and Panama. From San Francisco he
proceded to the mines on the Feather river,
but soon went to Sacramento and from there to
the Calaveras mines. January, 1854, found him
in the then iSIexican town of Los Angeles,
which, though containing only two or three
thousand inhabitants and boasting few build-
ings except adobes, pleased him so greatly that
he determined to remain. His first step was the
opening of a harness shop on Main street, ad-
joining the present site of the Farmers and
Merchants Bank. Later he was joined by his
brother, John M., and the two continued to-
gether until 1865, when John sold to Samuel
his interest and removed to San Bernardino, re-
maining there until his death. The oldest of the
three brothers, James C, came to California in
1850, and returned to Kentucky in 1854. \t
the opening of the Civil war he raised Company
A, Twenty-third Kentucky Infantry, and was
commissioned captain of Company A, but later
received a promotion to the rank of colonel, in
which capacity he accompanied Sherman on the
Georgia campaign. In the battle of Chatta-
hoochee, July 9, 1864, when on the north bank
of the Chattahoochee river, he was wounded
by a shell, from the effects of which he died
about ten days later.

For nine years, beginning in 1856, Samuel C.
l^oy, in addition to his other enterprises, drove
cattle to the mines and sold them to the miners.
this proving a profitable venture. Having sold
the cattle business, in 1865 he returned to Los

1064

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Angeles and devuted himself exclusively to the
saddler}- and harness business. As a business
man he bore the highest reputation. Integrity
was his watchword in business. Through his
honorable dealings he won the friendship of as-
sociates and the respect of acquaintances. Es-
pecially was he interested in ^lasonry, and the
lofty doctrines of that noble order found in him
an ardent disciple; his connection as past master
of Los Angeles Lodge No. 42, F. & A. M., and
past high priest of Los Angeles Chapter No.
33, R. A. M., gave him prominence and influ-
ence in the fraternity. To his brethren in the
order, to his associates in business and to his
circle of personal friends, the news of his death,
which occurred April 24, 1901, brought with it
a realization of deep loss, a feeling of personal
bereavement. That fast-lessening circle of
pioneers mourned him in death, while more
recently established settlers, appreciative of his
work in rendering possible the present condi-
tions, gave him the tribute of respect which his
life merited.

Some years after coming to Los Angeles Mr.
Foy established domestic ties. He was married
October 7, i860, to j\Iiss Lucinda Macy, who
was born in Knox county, Ind., a daughter of Dr.
Obed and Lucinda (Polk) ]\Iacy, natives respec-
tively of North Carolina and Knox county, Ind.
Her maternal grandfather, Charles Polk, was
born at Fort Detroit, four months after his
mother had been captured by the Indians and
carried from Kentucky into Michigan. After
the close of the war Captain Polk traveled eight
hundred miles through the wilderness in search
of his wife, whom he found and brought back
to Kentucky. The Polks trace their lineage to
\'irginia and are of the same family as was ex-
President Polk. The Macys are from Nan-
tucket, Mass., where Thomas Macy was one of
the earliest settlers.

Born in 1801, Dr. Obed Macy was a graduate
physician and practiced in southern Indiana. In
1850, accompanied by his wife and nine children,
he started for California, making the long
journey with ox-teams and spending nine
months on the road. One of the children,
Charles P., died on the journey. At the time
the daughter, Lucinda, was in her sixth year.
Though so young the trip made an indelible im-
pression on her mind. She recalls the perils
of the journey which proved so hard upon the
oxen that, to lighten the load, the women and
children walked much of the way. On Christ-
inas day they looked out upon San Bernardino
valley, which on account of the early and abun-
dant rains was a charming picture of springtime.
Looking around him upon the broad and beau-
tiful expanse, the doctor exclaimed to his wife,
"Mother, this is Paradise." New Year's day of
1851 they spent at what is now Pomona and
proceeded gradually from there to San Gabriel
mission. At every ranch they were received

with the greatest hospitality. They settled at
El Monte, where the doctor, wishing to re-
linquish the practice of medicine, took up farm-
ing pursuits. In 1852 they came to Los
Angeles, where he became proprietor of the
historic Bella Union hotel, now the St. Charles.
From the managerhent of this he retired in
1855. He died the following year and his wife
passed away in 1872. They were the parents of
thirteen children, of whom the following at-
tained mature years: Mrs. Urania Cheesman, of
San Francisco; Oscar, a horticulturist at Al-
hambra, Los Angeles county; ]\lrs. Nancy P.
Woodruff, of Nevada county, Cal. ; Louisa, Airs.
John M. Foy, who died in Los Angeles in 1896;
William, of San Francisco; Obed, of Los
Angeles; Lucinda, Mrs. Samuel C. Foy; and
Mrs. Mary J. Evans, of Oakland. These eight
children arrived in California in December,
1850, with their parents.

On coming to Los Angeles Lucinda Macy
was a pupil in the pay schools and later at-
tended the first public school established under
the American rule. Among her early recollec-
tions are those of seeing the first brick kiln
built and burned. In the larger growth of the
city she has maintained the deepest interest, be-
ing keenly alive to its magnificent possibilities,
and thoroughly in touch with educational, com-
mercial and religious development. Her home
still remains at No. 651 South Figueroa street,
in the residence which Mr. Foy erected in 1873.
Some years ago she was very active in the
Order of the Eastern Star, in which she enjoys
the distinction of having been a charter mem-
ber and matron. Of the ten children born to
her marriage six are living, all in Los Angeles,
viz.: Mary E.; James Calvert, manager of the
wholesale and retail harness business and a
member of Ramona Parlor No. i. Native Sons
of the Golden West, of which he is past presi-
dent; Cora; Edna; Alma, now Mrs. Thomas
Lee Woolwine; and Florence.

DAVID L. BURKE. Since the bicycle first
came into popularity David L. Burke has been
an unquestioned authority on this particular
method of amusement and exercise. Not only
has he been able to discourse on gears and
pedals, saddles and frames, but he has also more
than once heard the thunders of applause that
greeted his successful termination of some par-
ticularly hard-won race. Now that the wheel
has passed its "boom" days and has entered
the ranks of necessary commodities, he is still
the versatile authority on the best brands of
wheels and sells thousands each year.

A native of Pennsylvania, Mr. Burke was
born near Chambersburg, March 15, 1864, a son
of Jeremiah and Lucinda (Taylor) Burke, na-
tives respectively of Marjdand and Pennsyl-
vania. His father removed from Maryland to
Pennsylvania, where he engaged in farming

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1065

until his death. The mother is now living with
lier son, David L., in Los Angeles. In lier fam-
ily there are seven children now living. A half-
brother, Major Wilson Burke, of Austin, Tex.,
won his rank as an officer during the Civil war.
Another half-brother, Jerome, was at one time
United States warden in Washington, D. C.
Dr. George Burke, now of Newcastle, Ind., was
a surgeon in an Indiana regiment during the
Civil war. J. K. Burke, a brother and partner
of David L., was reared and educated princi-
pally in Illinois and came to California with the
brother whose partner he has since remained,
his attention having been given especially to
the management of the plumbing department.
Politically he is a Republican and fraternally a
member of the Woodmen of the World .and Ben
Hur. In the estimation of all who know him he
stands high. Three sons have been born of
his union with Miss Willetta Pearce, a native of
Mendota, 111., and daughter of Captain Pearce,
now of Los Angeles.

When eight years of age David L. Burke was
taken by his parents to Illinois and thereafter
received his education in the public schools of
Sterling, Whiteside county. During his vaca-
tions he learned the plumbing business, com-
pleting his trade later in Chicago. Coming to
Los Angeles with his brother in 1886, the firm
of Burke Brothers was organized for the carry-
ing on of a plumbing and contracting business,
and a store was opened at No. 456 South Spring
street, which is still the firm's location. In 1888
he began bicycle racing on the coast. In 1894 a
bicycle store was opened in connection with
the plumbing business, he giving his attention
especially to the former. As a racer he was
remarkably successful and took many medals
along the coast, also for three years held the
Pacific coast championship. He captured a
medal at Morrison, 111., in addition to those
in the west. Since 1895 he has not engaged
in racing. In his sales he makes a spe-
cialty of the Thistle wheel. The firm acts as
agents for this justly popular make of machine,
having agencies at Oakland, San Diego, River-
side, San Bernardino, Pomona and Pasadena.
Between three and four thousand of this make
have been sold in Los Angeles alone. It is a
general favorite, although they carry other
styles. In addition he manufactures bicycles,
his "Swell Burke"' taking a high rank among
desirable machines.

Aside from the interests of his bic\cle busi-
ness, Mr. Burke is the owner of thoroughbred
English greyhounds, with Lady Edith at the
head. His dogs have taken prizes at many ex-
hibits and are among the most valuable of tlieir
kind in the city. Politically Mr. Burke is a
Republican. Identified with various athletic
and social organizations in the town, he is a
member of the Cycle Dealers' Association, for-

merly served as president of the East Side Ten-
nis Club, and for years was a member of the
Los Angeles Athletic Club, in which he main-
tained the championship. Throughout Los An-
geles he is very popular, as a whole-souled, gen-
erous man, in touch with the needs of his
friends and associates, and enjoying the confi-
dence of a large circle of business and social
associates.

STEPHEN FISK CARPENTER. Verv
early in the history of America three brothers
came from England and settled in Massachu-
setts. From one of them descends the branch
of the Carpenter family represented bv S. F.
Carpenter, of Santa Monica. His father, Lor-
ing C, a native of Massachusetts, became a mill-
wright in Vermont, but in 1855 removed to
Preston, Fillmore county, Minn., later return-
ing to Vermont and there remaining until
death. During the war of 18 12 he served in the
American army. He married Caroline, daugh-
ter of Stephen Fisk, who was a native of Massa-
chusetts, of English descent, and during much
of his life engaged in farming in A^ermont, from
which state he enlisted in ^he Revolutionary
war. Mrs. Caroline Carpenter was born in Ver-
mont and died there. Of her two daughters
and two sons, only the youngest survives, Ste-
phen Fisk Carpenter, w'ho was born at High-
gate, FrankHn county, \'t., March 29, 1834. In
boyhood he learned milhvrighting, and after
going to Fillmore county, ^liim., in 1855, he
devoted seven years to the building of mills. At
the same time he entered a tract of one hundred
and sixty acres. AVhen the Sioux war broke
out he was a member of a local company of
militia and accompanied tlieni to the scene of
trouble, where he assisted in quellnig the dis-
turbances.

During 1863 Mr. Carpenter came to Califor-
nia via New York and Panama to San Fran-
cisco. For a time he mined and prospected at
Gold Hill, Nev., and later was interested in dif-
ferent mining companies. The year 1882 found
him in Santa ]\Ionica, where he followed the
carpenter's trade and also took a number of
contracts for building houses. In the fall ot
1901 the city trustees appointed hmi superin-
tendent of streets, wdiich position he has since
filled with marked efficiency, his careful over-
sight of the work being apparent in the im-
proved condition of the streets of the city. Since
1895 he has been a member of the school board
and is now serving his second year as president
of the board. During the period of his service
the high-school building has been erected and
many improvements in other buildings have
been made. Besides his labors as superintend-
ent of streets and president of the school board
he has been interested in horticulture and has

lOfiR

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

improved five acres adjoining Santa Monica on
the railroad, where he now has an orchard in
bearing lemons and a pumping plant with a well
of two hundred and seventy feet.

The home place of Mr. Carpenter, on the
corner of Oregon and Fourth streets, was sold
in 1902, and on its site was built the City Hall.
He now owns a home at No. 334 Fifth street,
which is presided over by his wife, Madeline,
whom he married in Preston, Minn., in 1862.
She was born in Ontario, and at the age of
twelve years was taken to Minnesota, where
she grew to womanhood. Her father, Henry
Webb, a native of England, crossed the ocean
to Ontario, and there married Salinda Hall,
daughter of Elijah Hall. Accompanied by his
family, Mr. Webb removed to Minnesota, and
from there came to California, settling at Yisa-
lia, and thence coming to Santa Monica in
1875, immediately after the first sale of lots had
been made. Mrs. Webb died in Santa Monica.
Of her ten children six are now living, .all being
in California. The only child of Mr. and Mrs.
Carpenter is Laura, now Mrs. Albert Hawes,
of Santa Monica. She is the mother of one
son, Stephen T. Garey, born of a former mar-
riage. Both Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter are inter-
ested in the work of the Eastern Star, in which
the latter has been an officer. Fraternally he
was made a Mason in the Santa Monica Lodge.
For more than forty years he has been con-
nected with the Odd Fellows, in which he has
served officially, and he is also past officer of
the Encampment. While living at Gold Hill
he became connected with the Ancient Order of
United Workmen and at one time he also affil-
iated with the Knights of Pythias. His wife
was also formerly active in the Rebekahs and
the Independent Order of Good Templars. In
liis politics he is a Republican and votes for
the men and measures advocated by liis party.

E. CHILD. Prior to his arrival in California
in 1866, Mr. Child had been a resident of New
England and the central states. He was born
in Lincoln, Middlesex county, Mass., August
23, 1832, a son of Elisha and Elmira (Rice)
Child, natives respectively of Sudbury and Way-
land, Mass., and both members of very old
families of the Bay state. The father was for
years a farmer at Lincoln, but finally removed
to Waltham, and there spent his last years. In
the family of five children all but one are living,
the subject of this article being next to the old-
est child and the only son. His education was
commenced in the Waltham schools and com-
pleted in an academy under Prof. Abner Rice.
Afterward he learned the sash and door busi-
ness at Medford, Mass. Going to Minnesota in
1852, he settled at St. Anthony's Falls, now a
part of Minneapolis, and there became manager

of lumber works and a sash and door mill.
After two years he turned his attention to flat-
boating on the Mississippi and with a partner
ran boats as far south as Memphis, a trip that
consumed six weeks. Two years were spent in
this business, after which he settled in Memphis
as manager of a sash mill, but the opening of
the Civil war made his location unpleasant for a
man with strong abolition views, so he returned
to Massachusetts and resumed work at his spe-
cial calling.

During the year 1866 Mr. Child came via
Panama to California, and for more than three
years engaged in contracting and building at
Sacramento, after which he followed the same
occupation in Oakland for fifteen years. During
his residence in the latter city he had charge of
building the Congregational Church, which cost
$85,000; also the Alexander residence, at a
cost of $20,000, and many substantial business
blocks and private houses. From 1886 to 1888
he was manager of the mill at Colton owned by
Perry Mott & Co. The two following years
were spent as a contractor in Redlands, since
which time he has made Los Angeies his busi-
ness headquarters, and now resides at No. 1430
Seventeenth street, east of Central avenue. For
ten or more years he has been a member of the
firm of Child, Hatton & Field, which had the
contracts to build the Union Ice Company's
plant in Los Angeles, Unity Church in this
city, the Northam residence at Hollywood, Mrs.
Waldron's home in the same suburb, the
Meyer residence in Westlake district, the John-
son home in Los Angeles, a number of ware-
houses in East Los Angeles, and many other
private and public buildings. The office of the
firm is in the Builders' Exchange, Los Angeles.
From i8g7 to 1902 Mr. Child made Santa Mo-
nica his home, continuing, however, to have his
office in Los Angeles, and in February of the
last-named year he returned to this city with
the intention of becoming a permanent resident.
His first wife, who was Miss Lucy A. Stearns,
was born in Waltham, Mass., and died there.
Afterward he was married to Miss Augusta
Costellow. who was born and reared in Banjror,
Me.

The first identification of Mr. Child with
Masonry dates from his residence in St. Cloud,
Minn., and he is now a member of the blue
lodge of Oakland, Cal. While in Sacramento
he was initiated into the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows and afterward served as noble
grand of Oakland Post, also was a member of
the association in that city. From the time of
casting his vote he has been stanch in his adher-
ence to the Republican party, in whose princi-
ples he is a firm believer. He is a member of
the Builders' Exchange and in other ways keeps
in close touch with movements for the benefit
and welfare of contractors and builders.

^yyAyonnA^tA^ >^<^^^s-^'^->^-/-^/:?^)y

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1069

THOMAS HARWOOD. That early re-
sponsibility is ofttimes the making of men is
proved in the life of Mr. Harwood, one of the
most substantial and honored of the pioneers
of Santa Clara valley. He was born in Gibson
county, Ind., November 24, 1835, a son of
Thomas Harwood, who was born in New York,
and Sarah Harwood, who was born in England.
The cradle of the ancestry of the family is in
England, and from the shores of his Albion land
the grandfather, Ruthland Harwood, took his
departure many years ago, and settled in New
York. Of the six children born to Thomas
Harwood, Sr., and his wife, two only survive.
Of these, Thomas W., Jr., lived on his father's
farm until 1850, at which time he crossed the
plains with an ox-team and drove of cattle,
although he was then but fifteen years of age.
After landing in Placerville, Cal., he worked out
by the month on the surrounding farms for a
year, after which he went to Sacramento and
purchased a freighting outfit, and for about
eighteen months freighted between Sacramento
and the gold mines. For the next two years he
worked in the gold mines at Laporte, Cal., and
in 1855 again took up freighting, this time from
Marysville to points in the northern mining dis-
trict. This interesting and at times hazardous
occupation was continued for nearly sixteen
years, and at one time he did such a large busi-
ness that to carry his merchandise required
three ten-mule teams, His route also extended
to Virginia City, and other poin.ts in the same
state.

In 1866 Mr. Harwood enjoyed the fruits of
his incessant labor, and broadened his knowl-
edge of the world by travel in Europe, accom-
panied by his mother and sister. In their
pursuit of interest in the old world they visited
England, Switzerland, London, and Paris, their
wanderings among the storehouses and wonders
of Europe consuming the greater part of two
years. After his return in 1868 Mr. Harwood
located in Butte county, Cal., where he pur-
chased two thousand and four hundred acres of
land, and raised thereon sheep and cattle. His
average number of head was more than three
thousand, the net income being about $3,000.
This remunerative venture terminated in 1884,
at which time Mr. Harwood sold out and
bought one hundred and fifty acres in the Santa
Clara valley, which was formerly a portion of
the Wilby and Crisman tract. The land was
entirely unimproved, but to-day constitutes one
of the most valuable investments in the county,
being fitted with all modern improvements as far
as barns, houses and implements are concerned,
the general convenience being increased by a
private pumping plant for irrigating, which sup-
plies twenty inches of water. The principal
products are at present beans and apricots, al-
though in the past larr^c quantities nf cjninges,

lemons, and other citrus fruits have been grown
with gratifying results, and are still raised for
home consumption.

In all affairs pertaining to the development
of the valley Mr. Harwood is a moving force,
and his assistance may be counted on wherever
the public welfare is at stake. His interests ex-
tend into various grooves of activity, and he is
a stockholder in the Santa Paula Co-operative
Store. He was formerly a stockholder in the
Farmers' Ditch Company. A Republican in
politics, he is active in the affairs of his town,
and has ser\'ed as a school trustee for several
years.

In 1876 j\Ir. Harwood married Miss E. A.
Mastin, who was born November 14, 1859, in
Ouincy, Plumas county, Cal., of parents who
were born respectively in Georgia and South
Carolina. Of this union there are five children:
Thomas F., born September 26, 1879; Oliver,
December 4, 1881 ; Henry Irvin, October 9,
1883; Frederick W., born in Ventura county,
.\ugust 21, 1887; and Herbert WaUer, born
May 25, 1 89 1. Mr. and Mrs. Harwood are
members of the Congregational Church.

JAMES COOK. This pioneer of California
has been engaged in the tannery business in Los
Angeles since 1885. He was born m Simsbury,
Conn., November 6, 1835, a son of James Cook,
of Scotch descent, and who settled in Connecti-
cut when a young man. James Cook, Sr., was
a farmer by occupation, and married Rebecca
Middleton, also of Scotch descent, and who
died in Connecticut. Of the twelve children in
the family, six were sons and six daughters, and
two of the sons were soldiers in the Civil war.
Alexander, who is now deceased, served in thn
Fifth Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, and had
a long and interesting war record. Samuel
Cook was a member of the United States navy
during the war, and died in Butte, Mont.

The eldest in his father's family, James Cook.
Jr., was educated in the public schools of Con-
necticut, and at the age of fifteen began to pad-
dle his own canoe, his services for a time being
in demand by a horse dealer, who lived on a
farm near Bloomfield. In 1856 he thought to
brighten his prospects by removal to the west,
and aboard the Moses Taylor, that stanch old
craft that plied so persistently between New
York harbor and the Isthmus in the early days,
he succeeded in reaching .\spinwall, and event-
ually landed in San I-'rancisco. Like most of
the sojourners to the coast in the early '50s he
determined, if possible, to wrest a fortune from
mother earth, and in furtherance of his desire
went to Marysville, where he had a very hard
time and a very gloomy outlook for a few
months. When the excitement was most in-
tense he spent some time at Yankee Hill and
Gravel Range, and ];iter turned his attention [n

1070

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the less visionary but more sure method of
livelihood to be found on a milk ranch. After a
year spent in early rising and hard work on the
ranch he learned the butcher business in Marys-
ville, and for a time had a shop of his own in
the town. Not entirely satisfied with the pros-
pects in this line of activity he engaged in the
manufacture of soap at Marysville, under the
tirm name of J. Cook & Co. and in partnership
w ith his brother-in-law, T. W. Corder. A large
trade rewarded the efforts of the firm and they
continued to supply reliable soap to the com-
munitv for about twelve years. The same firm
afterwards located in Oakland, Cal, and en-
gaged in wool pulling and the tannery business
under the name of Cook & Corder for six years^
After severing his business relations with Mr.
Corder and after recovering from a severe
siege of pneumonia Mr. Cook went into the
sheep and butcher business, and in 1884-85 re-
turned to the scene of his childhood days in
Connecticut, twenty-nine years having elapsed
since his departure therefrom.

In 1885 Mr. Cook located in Los Angeles and
bought the site of his present factory, which
covers half a block on West Main street, by the
Kirk street bridge, where he has since engaged
in wool pulling and tanning. He has also built a
residence on \Vest Lake avenue, and owns a
ranch of eight hundred acres in Antelope valley,
Los Angeles county, which is devoted to stock-
raising and is well equipped with modern im-
jirovements, besides having a fine water supply.
Mr. Cook has been prominent in many avenues
of activity since coming to California, and here,
as elsewhere, he has continually strengthened
a reputation for sterling worth and integrity. A
Republican of the true-blue order, he has held
(offices of trust and responsibility, and in Marys-
^■ille was councilman for two terms. Also, while
living in Marysville, he was a member of the
Honic Guard, an organization which had abund-
ant opportunity to prove its loyalty to the
Union, for there were many strong southern
sympathizers in the neighborhood, and the
guard just managed to save the state for the
government. On more than one occasion Mr.
Cook's life was threatened, but he courageously
stood by what he thought right in the face of
the greatest danger. Fraternally he is affiliated
with the Independent Order of Odd I'cllows,
having joined the organization in 1865, a mem-
ber of Yuba Lodge No. 5. At present he is a
member of Oakland Lodge No. 118, and of the
.\ncient Order of United Workmen, No. 55, at
Los Angeles. As regards religion, while not
associated with any church, his creed is the
(jolden Rule, and he believes in giving food and
shelter and help, wherever it is needed and mer-
ited.

Tn Marysville, Cal., Mr. Cook married Mary
M. Corder, who was horn in England and came

with her parents to New York when a child, re-
moving with them in 1856 to California via the
Panama route. Of the four daughters and one
son in her parents' family, all are living, and all
are residents of Los Angeles, except the son,
William T. Cook, who is in Oakland, Cal.

M. S. CUMMINGS. During the Revolution
and the war of 1812 the Cummings family had
representatives Avho fought for the American
cause, while later generations were among the
brave pioneers who settled on the frontier of
Indiana and endured hardships and peril from
the hostihty of the near-by Indians. W. M.
Cummings, who was born at Shelbyville, Ind.,
settled at Oskaloosa, Iowa, in 1849, and entered
large tracts of land, which he developed into
valuable farms. At one time he served as cap-
tain of the Home Guards. Continuing to make
his home in Iowa he died there when seventy-
three years of age. His wife, Clarinda (Levi)
Cummings, was born in Indiana and died in
Iowa. Their ten children attained mature years
and all but one are still living, but none has
come to California excepting M. S., of Los An-
geles. He was the third son and one of twins,
born at Oskaloosa, Iowa, May 28, 1854. At an
early age he began to be useful in the improv-
ing of the farm, and when only nine years old
drove seven yoke of oxen to a twenty-seven-
inch plow in an effort to remove from the land
a thick growth of hazel brush ten feet high.

The first visit of ]\Ir. Cummings to California
was in 1879, when he was employed as foreman
on the Gum Tree ranch. This position he held
from February 17, 1879, until June 18, 1881,
and meantime raised the first sugar beets in the
LTnited States, having five hundred acres that
averaged thirty tons to the acre. On his return
to Iowa he resumed farming and threshing. In
1887 he again came to California, since which
he has been a general contractor in Los An-
geles. Among his contracts have been those
for important and large jobs in excavating, the
laying of miles of street in Los Angeles and
Long Beach, including in the latter city Ameri-
can avenue. Sixth street. Magnolia avenue. First
and Seventh streets. He also had contracts for
Mesa, Twelfth and Beacon streets in San Pedro.
His specialty is cement and asphalt paving and
the grading of streets, but he has also done
other general contracting, including those for
a large number of public buildings and private
residences.

In Oskaloosa, Iowa, June 21, 1885, Mr. Cum-
mings married Aliss Maggie A. Grififith, who
was born in Scranton, Pa., and received her edu-
cation in the Oskaloosa schools. They and their
three children, Celia, Glenn and Hazel, have an
attractive home at No. 1302 West Twenty-sec-
ond street, whicli has jnst been erected bv Mr.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1071

Cummings. The family attend the Congrega-
tional Church, and Mrs. Cummings is a member
of the same. Since coming to Los Angeles Mr.
Cummings has been made a Mason in Hollen-
beck Lodge, F. & A. M., and he is also identi-
fied with the Woodmen of the World. While
in national politics he is a stanch Republican, in
local affairs he believes party issues are of less
importance than the election of men of honor,
uprightness and ability, and he admires the man
in office, whatever party he may represent, who
is a stanch supporter of the rights of the people
and who carries out his convictions of justice
to his constituents.

AUGUST LANGENBERGER. During his
long and steadfast life in Anaheim August
Langenberger impressed his worth and fine per-
sonal characteristics upon the community
which he strove to improve, and of which he
was one of the first settlers, and the pioneer
merchant. He was born in Hanover, Germany,
in 1824, a son of Dr. Amadeus Langenberger,
a prominent physician and surgeon ot Stad-
hagen.

In his youth Mr. Langenberger was favored
with exceptional educational advantages, and in
later years not only spoke four languages, but
was a man of deep and profound research, and
remarkably well informed on current literary
and other events. When old enough to assume
responsibility he was trained to a mercantik'
career, and was thus engaged in his native land
until his emigration to New Orleans in 1847.
To his ambitious and expectant nature the
rumors of western gold came as an opportunity
not to be ignored, and the following year he set
out for California, and for a time engaged in
mining with fair success. In 1850 he chose
rather the more certain methods of money-mak-
ing of his original occupation, and upon settling
in San Gabriel engaged in the merchandise
business. In 1852 he located upon the Juan
Pacifico rancho, and on an extensive scale
turned his attention to the raising of cattle, and
became one of the largest cattle raisers for miles
around, his stock being driven for disposal to
the San Francisco market. In 1857 the town
of Anaheim was started on a portion of the
ranch occupied by !\Ir. Langenberger, and on
the site he erected the first merchandise store
and continued its management up to the time of
his death, April 3, 1895. For thirty years he
was the agent for tne Wells-Fargo Express
Company, and in innumerable ways promoted
the well-being of the city. He was mayor of
the town for some time and a member of the
city council, and was president and director of
the Anaheim Union Water Company. For sev-
eral years he was supervisor of T-os Angeles
conntv.

W. K. COWAN. ■ The pioneer of the bicycle
■ business in Southern California is W. K.
Cowan, who has represented the Rambler on
the coast since i8go, and is now engaged in the
sale of high-grade wheels and automobiles at
Nos. 207-9 West Fifth street, Los Angeles.
A native of Greenfield, Dade county. Mo., Mr.
Cowan was born March 17, 1863; a son of H. G.
and grandson of Hon. Alfred Cowan, the latter
a native of \'irginia, and one of the early set-
tlers of Blunt county, Tenn. He became a com-
manding figure in Tennessee politics and served
as a member of the legislature from his countv,
in after years removing to Greenfield, south-
west Missouri, of which locality he was one of
the pioneers.

H. G. Cowan was born in lilunt count},
Tenn., and became a farmer near Greenfield,
Mo., from which state he went to the Mexican
war as a member of a Missouri regiment. . All
through the Civil war he served as a non-com-
missioned oificer in a Missouri regiment, and
his name is therefore enrolled among the veter-
ans of two wars. About 1868 he located near
Fort Scott and homesteaded a claim, which was
improved and upon which he lived until locating
in Douglas, near Lawrence, Kans., hi 1876. He
later farmed near Baldwin City, Kans., and was
still later a resident of Lawrence, and in 1888
came to Los Angeles, which is still his home.
In comparative retirement from business and
other cares, he is passing his latter days among
delightful surroundings, and though" seventy-
four years of age, is in the possession of those
faculties_ which liave placed him in the front
ranks of noble and patriotic American citizens.
In his youth he married Eliza Garrison, a native
of Indiana, and daughter of Mark Alexander
Garrison, who was born in the east, cultivated
farms in Missouri and Kansas, and died near
Olathe, Kans. Mrs. Cowan is the mother of six
children, all of whom are living, W. K. being
the eldest of the familv.

The education of Mr. Cowan was acquired in
the public schools of Kansas and in Baker Uni-
versit)' at Baldwin City, which institution he
attended for two and a half years. He then en-
tered Park College in Missouri and remained
for two and a half years, but left during the
junior year to learn the jewelrv busmess under
William Rowe. After mastering the craft he
removed to Los Angeles in 1887 and found
employment with Mr. Harris, the jeweler, for
a year. He then started up an independent
jewelry business on South Spring street, and
at the expiration of two years removed to Chi-
cago and took a course in the watch-making
school. This finishing touch to his already ex-
tensive knowledge of the jewelry business made
him a peer of the master mechanics in his Hne.
ITpon returning to California he located at Riv-
erside and engaged in htisines.-; on Main street

1072

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

until 1892. While at Riverside he became in-
terested in the sale of bicycles and was the first •
in the town to carry a stock of bicycle goods,
his stock being disposed of in 1892 in order to
start a similar business in Los Angeles.

Arriving in Los Angeles he opened a shop
on the corner of Spring and Fifth streets, and
has since sold many high-grade machines, but
has carried the Ranibler as a leader ever since
starting in business. He is the oldest Rambler
agent on the coast, and at one time had the
agency for entire Southern California and Ari-
zona, but since 1896 had taken charge only of
Los x\ngeles and vicinity. At present he is sell-
ing a great many Waverly electric automo-
biles, and represents this admirable machine in
Southern California. During 1892 and 1894 Mr.
Cowan was interested in bicycle racing, and be-
came an expert in his line, but he found that
the wear and tear hardly compensated him for
the necessary falling off of his general business.
He therefore gave up racing and has since at-
tended strictly to legitimate business and has
more than realized "his expectations from a
financial standpoint.

In Los Angeles Mr. Cowan was united in mar-
riage with Mattie Hare, a native of New York
City, but who came at an early age to California,
where she was reared and educated. To Mr.
and Mrs. Cowan has been born one child, June
Cowan. Mr. Cowan is fraternally associated
with the United Moderns, and has for years
been a member of the Los Angeles Wheelmen.
He is also a charter member of the Southern
California Bicycle Association, and is a director
in the same. He is a Republican in national
politics, and is a member of the First Presby-
terian Church. He enjoys the confidence of
the business contingent of Los Angeles and vi-
cinity, and has the faculty of making and keep-
ing many friends.

CFIARLES D. DAGGETT, capitalist, real
estate man, and ex-president of the Pasadena
Board of Trade, was born in Milwaukee, Wis.,
in May of 1851, and is a son of Samuel S. and
Ruth S. (Bisiiop) Daggett, natives of Massa-
chusetts, the latter born in Attleboro. The
family is of English extraction, and the emi-
grating ancestor came to America with Gov-
ernor Winthrop in 1640 and settled in
Massachusetts. Samuel S. Daggett located in
Milwaukee about 1843, ^"<' there organized the
Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Com-
pany, of which he was president up to the time
of his death. He was a remarkably successful
man, an astute financier, and prominent in the
general afifairs of the Cream city. It is said
that when the first risk of the Northwestern
Mutual Life Insurance Company fell due the
company was not far cn<nigli al'nig in premiums

to meet it, and that therefore Mr. Daggett him-
self raised it on his individual note.

The only child in his father's family, C. D.
Daggett was educated in East Hampton, Mass.,
where he graduated from the Williston Semin-
ary. Afterward he entered upon the study of
law with Finches, Lynd & Miller, of Milwau-
kee. He was admitted to the Wisconsin bar
in 1874, and practiced his profession in Mil-
waukee until his removal to Kansas City, Mo.,
in 1878. Upon locating in Pasadena in 1888 he
relinquished the practice of law to look after his
various investments in California, and has since
been in the real estate business, since 1897 in
partnership with his cousin, Frank S. Daggett,
under the firm name of Daggett & Daggett.
Beginning with 1899 Mr. Daggett was for three
years president of the Pasadena Board of Trade,
and under his able management this important
city enterprise attained to a high standard of
excellence. For a number of years he has been
a member of the board of trustees of Throop
Polytechnic Institute, being vice president of the
board and a member of the executive commit-
tee. He is one of the most conservative, sub-
stantial and influential citizens of this city, and
known not only in business circles, but among
the most exclusive social organizations. For
two years he was president of the V^alley Hunt
Club, and he is a member of the Pasadena
Country Club. Mr. Daggett is a Republican in
national politics, and an attendant of the Epis-
copal Church.

The marriage of Mr. Daggett and Mary Stew-
art occurred in Milwaukee. Wis., Mrs. Daggett
being a daughter of Rev. John B. Stewart, D.
D., a Presbyterian clergyman. To Mr. and Mrs.
Daggett have been born four children: Ruth,
who is a graduate of the Monticello Seminary:
Helen, who is also a graduate of the Monti-
cello Seminary, and is now Mrs. Byron S. Har-
vey, of Kansas City; Maud, who is a graduate
of the Tliroop Polytechnic Institute, Pasadena:
and John, who was educated at the Leland
Stanford University. Mrs. Daggett is an au-
thoress of note, who has not only contributed
to numerous periodicals in dififerent parts of the
country, but whose novels, Maripossilla and
Broad Aisle, have been enthusiastically received.

JOHN ERICKSON. Among the very old
families of Sweden is that represented by Mr.
Erickson, of Pasadena, whose father, Erick An-
derson, and mother, Anna Johnson, were iden-
tified with the farming community of the town
of Hedemora. on the Wester-Dai, and were
faithful members of the Lutheran Church. The
father died at the homestead when he was* sixty-
five years of age. leaving five children, of whom
John and a daughter are the only representa-
tives in America. The oldest son in the family,
[ohn was born at Hedemora February 18, 1864,

--^^^ (^iZitz^y,,^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1075

and at the age of fourteen years began an ap-
prenticeship of three years to the carpenter's
trade in Stockholm. Meantime he also attended
night school, where he acquired a knowledge of
draughting.

It was during the year 1888 that Mr. Erick-
son came to America via England to New York,
from which point he proceeded to Chicago.
One year later he went west to Seattle, Wash.,
where he worked at his trade. In 1891 he be-
gan to take contracts for the building of houses
and continued to do a large business until after
the fire. Since 1895 he has made Pasadena his
home, and since 1898 has taken contracts for
buildings in this city and vicinity, having,
among other residences, built those of Messrs.
Swan (on East Colorado) and Smith (on West
Colorado), also that of R. Eason, with numer-
ous other private homes and a number of public
buildings, including the Bentz block. His own
home, erected by himself, stands at No. 864
North Orange Grove avenue, and is presided
over by his wife, formerly Miss Mathilda Nil-
son, who was born in Smal.and, Sweden. They
have one son. James Lester. In religion the
family are believers in the Lutheran faith, in
which Mr. Erickson was reared. Fraternally he
is connected with the Ancient Order of United
Workmen and is a past officer in the Independ-
ent Order of Foresters.

GEORGE RUTHERFORD, Sr. Numerous
are the evidences of industry and success to be
found at the busy little blacksmith shop of
George Rutherford, Sr., on West Cafion Perdido
street, Santa Barbara. Indeed, the genial and
capable manipulator of tlie hammer and bellows
has few superiors in his line, as evidenced by
the noble steeds that come to him for proper
coverings for their pedal extremities. His regu-
jar customers include some of the bluest blooded
horses in Santa Barbara county, and his trade
extends far beyond the city limits. A canny
Scot, Mr. Rutherford was born near Kelso,
Roxburyshire, Scotland, Septemljer 30, 1840,
his father, William, and his grandfather. George,
having been born in the same shire. Both
!nen were stock-raisers, and accumulated a fair
competence by reason of their industry and
good management. The mother of George
Rutherford, Jessie (Balmar) Rutherford, was also
born in Roxburyshire, a daughter of Thomas
Balmer, a Scotch land steward. Mrs. Ruther-
ford, who came to California in 1872, is now
living with her children, and is aged eighty-two
years. She is the mother of fourteen children,
twelve of whom grew to maturity, and eleven
are now living, George being the second young-
est. Janet is now Mrs. Hunter, of Berkeley;
Thomas is a stockman in Scotland; William is
also a stock-raiser in his native land: Isal)il is
now the wife nf W^illiam Fisher, of Lnninnc;

Stephen is a farmer at Naples; John is a farmer
in Shasta county; Waiter is engaged in black-
smithing in Reading, Cal.; Mary is the wife of
Albert Salts, of San Francisco; Andrew and
Frank are engaged in farming at Goleta.

At the age of four years George Rutherford
removed with his parents to Heddingtonshire,
where they lived on a farm, and where he at-
tended a private or pay school. At the age of
sixteen he was apprenticed to learn the trade of
blacksmith and horscshoer, and after serving
for four years went up to London and was em-
ployed by Mavar Brothers, the largest veter-
inary establishment in the city. In 1866 he re-
turned to Heddingtonshire, and worked in the
shop where he had served his apprenticeship un-
til 1873, ^"d in June of the same year came to
America, sailing from Glasgow to New York
on the steamer Australia. Upon arriving in
California he worked for Rice & Collins, horse-
shoers. in Santa Barbara, and in 1880 started
the business for himself wliich has since been
such a pronounced success.

In London, England, Mr. Rutherford married
Mary F. Findley, who was born in Aberdeen,
Scotland, and died in Santa Barbara. Six of
the children of the family are living: Maggie,
who is the wife of R. W. Greer, of San Fran-
cisco; William, who is running a horseshoeing
establishment in Oakland, Cal.; George, who is
a horseshoer and has liis own establishment in
Santa Barbara ; Thomas, who is in business with
his father; Daisy, who is the wife of Henry
Kercher, of Santa Barbara; and Florence, who is
the wife of E. Loomis, of Aguas Calientes, Mex-
ico. Mr. Rutherford is a Republican in politics,
and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce.
In religion he is a Presbyterian.

E. W. DA\T]iS, the proprietor and manager
of the Santa Barbara Granite and Sandstone
Company, also a contractor for granite, stone
and marble work, is an adept in his line, and
receives a patronage in proportion thereto.
Many fine examples of his work remain as per-
manent monuments to tlie adornment of the
city, among them being the stonework of the
Alexander block, the receiving vault at the
cemetery, the Duryea mausoleum, and others
equally substantial and practical.

A native of Kewanee, Henry county. III., Mr.
Davies was born March 29, 1855, and was
reared on the homestead in his native state. His
father, Hugh Davies. was born in Wales, at
Conway Castle, Flintshire, and wlien a young
man innnigrated to America, settling in Connec-
ticut. He later removed to Henry county, 111.,
and from 1852 until 1869 engaged in gardening
and general farming. He then took up his resi-
dence near Mankota, Minn., where he contin-
ued to farm, and where his death eventually
occurred. He tnarricd Margaret \\'ilsoii. who

1076

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

also was born in Wales and likewise died in
Minnesota. There were seven sons in the fam-
ily, six of whom are living, E. W. being the
third. In 1869 the latter accompanied his
parents to INIinnesota, where he completed the
education begun in the public schools of Henry
county, 111. When twenty-one years of age he
went to Mankato and engaged in the marble
business as a stone cutter, continuing the same
for five years, when he turned his attention to
contracting and building.

In 1882 Mr. Davies removed to Denver,
Colo., and worked as a stone cutter. The fall
of the same year he repaired to Salt Lake City
and engaged in contracting and building, and in
1884 located in Helena, Mont., also contract-
ing and building. There he became well known
as a master workman and secured the contract
work for the best residences and public build-
ings in the city. In 1888 he came to California,
locating at Riverside in the stone business, but
soon removing to Los Angeles, where he lived
for a year, and was foreman on the Brushwal-
ter brownstone monument at Buena Vista.
Later he had a contract job at Pasadena, and
then removed to Sespe and ran the quarries
until 1891, when he went to Ventura and was
foreman on the Ventura Bank building. In
Summerland Mr. Davies was foreman during
the construction of the Crocker Lemon house,
and in 1898 came to Santa Barbara, where he
has since lived and prospered. Among his
most praiseworthy undertakings here has been
the placing of the viaducts, culverts and general
stone work for the Southern Pacific extension.
He also operated the boulders and put in a
remarkable plant for sawing stone, twenty-five
engine power, and located near the Southern
Pacific Milling Company's plant. This plant is
a general marble, stone, granite and sandstone
affair, cuts in any dimensions and is particu-
larly useful in monumental work.

In Minneapolis Mr. Davies married Carrie
Andrews, a native of Canada. He is a member
of the Chamber of Commerce and otherwise
identified with the business and social life of
Santa Barbara. He is liberal in religion and
politics. Fraternally he is associated with the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows, which he
joined in Mankato, Minn., and is now a member
in Santa Barbara, and vice grand of the Chan-
nel City Lodge. In addition he is connected
with the Ancient Order of United Workmen.

JOHN L. DEANE. The genealogy of the
Deane family is traced back to the Daine fam-
ily of England. From that country the great-
grandfather of John L. removed to Scotland.
where he died. The grandfather. John L., Sr..
by whom the name was changed to its present
form, was born in Ireland, but grew to manhood
in Scotland, and crossing the <icean lieranu' .i

pioneer of Kentucky, where he improved a tract
of raw land. During the war of 18 12 he and his
brother enlisted in the American army; the fate
of the brother was never known, but it is sup-
posed that he was killed in the battle of New
Orleans. Capt. David H.. son of John L., Sr.,
was born in Breckinridge county; Ky., and for
some years during his active life followed con-
tracting in the Blue Grass state. Later he lived
in New Mexico, and is now living, retired, in
Texarkana, Tex. During the Civil war he
enlisted in the Union army and ser\'ed as cap-
tain of a Kentucky company of volunteers. One
of his brothers, William, was killed in the battle
of Buena Vista during the Mexican war. It
may be seen from the ancestral history that the
family inherits patriotic loyalty and a love for
military affairs.

The marriage of Capt. David H. Deane united
him with Miss Fannie Porter, who was born in
JMaysville, Ky.. and died in New Mexico. Six
children were born of this union, five of whom
are living, John L. being the eldest of the num-
ber. He was born at Cloverport, Breckinridge
county, Ky., April 23, 1858, and was reared
principally in Hartford, Ohio county, until four-
teen years of age, when he accompanied the
family to Paducah. Under his father's over-
sight he early acquired a thorough knowledge
of the carpenter's trade, which he followed until
he took up contracting. From 1882 until 1S88
he engaged in the building business at Nevada,
Vernon county, Mo., and in the latter year came
to California, since which time he has made
Los Angeles his home. During all of this period
he has followed contracting in or near Los An-
geles, with the exception of eighteen months
(1900-01) spent in the Cordeline mining district
at Wallis. Idaho, where he not only followed
his occupation, but also had mining interests.
Since his return home he has erected a resi- .
dence for his family on Washington street near
Central avenue. The Builders' Exchange num-
bers him among its members, and in other ways
he aims to keep abreast with the developments
in the building business. .Ml of his contracts
have been conscientiously executed. Accurate
work has been one of his mottoes. Painstaking
care is evident in all that he does, and many
residences and public buildings stancl as monu-
ments to his skill and fidelity. Numbered
among his contracts may be mentioned those
for the Rowan, Solana, Rodman, Hershey, Ty-
ler and Schroeder residences.

By his marriage to Miss Amanda C. Young,
who was born in Hopkins county. Ky., Mr.
Deane has two children, C. Rex and D. Her-
bert, but an affliction has fallen upon the family
in the death of the older son at the age of thir-
teen years. In religion Mr. Deane is a believer
in Baptist doctrines, while politically he votes
with the Democratic party, and in matters fra-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

107?

ternal holds membership in the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows and the Order of Wash-
ington.

PETER JOHN DREHER. Undoubtedly
the greatest service which Mr. Dreher has ren-
dered his adopted state of California is in con-
nection with the securing of harmonious and
concerted action on the part of the citrus-fruit
growers in the shipment of their products. With
the maturing of his orange grove at Pomona
his attention was called to the very unsatisfac-
tory methods employed in the disposition of
crops, and he at once realized that, if the orange
grower would receive any profit, a radical
change must be resorted to. The success he
achieved in bringing about needed reforms in
the plan of shipment was so pronounced that
the attention was attracted of horticulturists
throughout the entire state, and the amount of
good thus accomplished can scarcely be over-
estimated.

As his name indicates, jMr. Dreher is of Ger-
man lineage. The son of Karl Dreher, he was
born June 4, 1848. in the village of Feckweiler,
principality of Birkcnfeld, Germany, about fifty
miles west of Bingen-on-the-Rhine. In August,
1855, he accompanied the family to the United
States, and in June of 1856 settled at Summer-
field, 111., where he attended the public schools
for six winters. Later he took a course in book-
keeping in Rhorer's Commercial College in St.
Louis. In 1864 he learned the shoemaker's
trade under his father, whose business he took
charge of the next year, but in January of 1866
left home to learn the dry goods trade in Kansas
City, Mo. Returning in September of the same
year, he opened a general store in St. Claire
county. 111., at a cross-roads called Lenzburg.
The building he occupied was 14x22 feet in
dimensions and was stocked with general mer-
chandise, such as could be purchased with his
original capital of $442. In a short time he was
appointed postmaster at a salary of $12 per an-
num. At first he made slow progress, but his
pluck and perseverance eventually won the day.
His integrity and fair business dealings won
him the confidence of the people, among whom
his standing was of the highest. November i,
1869, he married Miss ^largaret Griebel, to
whose efficiency as a helpmate much of his
success may justly be attributed. They are the
parents of six children, all of whom are in Cal-
ifornia: Mrs. F. D. Dudderar, C. T. Dreher,
Mrs. I. W. Brink, G. P., E. L. and L. F. Dreher.
the latter of whom is in San Francisco.

When the Cairo Short Line Railroad was
built through St. Clair county, 111., in 187 1, it
passed three-quarters of a mile from Lenzburg,
and business therefore was attracted to other
towns. With an energy characteristic of him
Mr. Dreher a few vears later purchased a tract

of land along the railroad and laid out Lenzburg
station, building a depot for the railroad com-
pany and erecting a large two-story brick build-
ing for a store as well as residence. In addi-
tion to conducting a mercantile business there
he acted as postmaster, notary public, station
agent and express agent, all of which positions
he held until April, 1885, when he moved to
Belleville, III., having disposed of his large mer-
cantile interests in the fall of 1884. In the spring
of 1884 he was elected supervisor of Lenzburg
Township and a member of the county board.

After two years of recreation, during which
he looked into the future prospects of Kansas,
Colorado, New Mexico and California, he
finally decided to locate in Pomona, Cal., where
he arrived with his family on October 17, 1886,
and where he has since made his home. For six
months he engaged in the real estate and insur-
ance business, after which he devoted himself
to citrus culture. In 1888 he represented Po-
mona with a large exhibit of fruits at Colum-
bus, Ohio, and was gratified by the high com-
pliments which press and people paid the
exhibit. On the organization of the National
Bank of Pomona in 1891 he was chosen a mem-
ber of its board of directors.

On the maturing of his first crop of oranges,
in 1892, Mr. Dreher found no market for the
fruit, but plenty of middlemen who were ready
to handle them on commission, but take no
financial risk. Believing a remedy for this evil
could be found, he concluded to handle his own
crop at least. Largely through his efforts in
November, 1892, a conference was held in
Claremont of seven neighboring citrus growers,
and at that time the Claremont (Cal.) Fruit
Growers' Association was launched into exist-
ence with Mr. Dreher as president. Tliis was
the first co-operative society organized in the
state, doing its business successfully direct with
the eastern dealers (excepting possibly the
Pachappa Association at Riverside, the exist-
ence of which was unknown to him at the time)
and the first to make direct shipments of navel
oranges in car lots to England, April 7, 1893.
The membership was small and only twenty-one
cars of oranges were shipped the first year, but
the plan proved successful. The citrus industry
of the state being in a deplorable condition and
under the pernicious consignment system, cit-
rus growers were soon attracted by the suc-
cess of these co-operative movements. Dele-
gated meetings were held to organize all citrus
growers of Southern California, all of which he
attended. Mr. Dreher acteil as secretary of the
first meeting (for organization) held in Los An-
geles, and was one of the committee of five
who drafted the plan and basis upon which the
Southern California Fruit Exchanges were or-
ganized. In all the councils of organization he
bore an active part, and (excepting T. II. L'..

1078

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Chamblin of Riverside, who became the lecturer
for the movement, no one took a more active
part in it), all at his own expense and without
compensation. He was a director of the San
Antonio Fruit Exchange, and as its first acting
secretary placed the organization upon a busi-
ness system approved by his associates. Devot-
ing his attention to the improvement of his
orange groves, he took no part in the manage-
ment of the Claremont (Cal.) Fruit Growers'
Association and the San Antonio Fruit Ex-
change aside from serving as a director, but in
1895 the condition of the co-operative move-
ment became critical : in fact, its very existence
was threatened; the business having fallen
into the hands of incompetent (if not unfaith-
ful) agents and employees. At that critical point
he entered the breach and in November, 1895,
accepted the position of secretary and general
manager of the San Antonio Fruit Exchange;
after two years' hard labor in this position the
movement took on new life so that the quantity
of fruit shipped by this organization under his
management increased tenfold in the next four
years, and no exchange has a more cohesive
body of members. It is through his active and
sympathetic efforts that the annual meetings of
the local associations are so interesting and
largely attended by its members.

The gross volume of the business in his direct
charge approximates a million dollars annually,
about forty per cent of which goes to the trans-
portation lines for expenses, while the balance
is paid to the members of the associations at
Pomona, San Dimas, Claremont and North Po-
mona. Since 1896 he is the representative of
this exchange to the Southern California Fruit
Exchange, and the director on the board of that
organization, attending the weekly meetings of
that body each Wednesday and taking a most
active part in its business. Here his business
acumen comes into active play again, and many
of the most valuable and practical features of
the present complete and successful system of
marketing citrus fruits by that organization
were introduced by him, including the present
perfect system of agent's telegraphic re-
ports, the plan of co-operative insurance
of their fruit in transit, as well as the co-
operative insurance of packing-houses among
the local associations. He is a stanch supporter
and strong advocate of any practical measure
that will advance the interest of the Citrus
Growers of Southern California, with whom he
has cast his lot. In politics he is now, and al-
ways has been, a stanch Republican, and while
living in Illinois was his party's nominee for
county sheriff in 1872, but the Republicans
were beaten in the county that vear on account
of the Greeley movement, their entire ticket fail-
ing of election

The activity of x\Ir. Dreher in the citrus indus-
try was not expected by him, as he came to Cal-
ifornia anticipating a retired life after an active
business career in Illinois. However, to a man
of his temperament, the greatest happiness is
iound in avenues of industry and usefulness,
and as long as life shall last it is probable that
he will continue his intimate and helpful asso-
ciation with the leading industry of Southern
California.

CAPT. GEORGE F. ELLIS, of Santa Bar-
bara, is descended from one of the oldest fam-
ilies in this country. The founder of the Ellis
family in America landed at Plymouth, Mass.,
in the year 1630 from England. He married a
member of the Bourne family who came over in
the Mayflower in the year 1620 and they settled
at North Sandwich, about fifteen miles from
Plymouth, where descendants of the family have
lived ever since. The land on which the Ellis
homestead is situated was bought from the In-
dians and George F. Ellis has the original deed,
dated 1668, signed by the cross of the Indian
Chief Ouochatecy, remaining in the family ever
since.

When the Revolutionary war l)roke out
Ephraim Ellis joined the army and was killed
and buried in New York state. During the
war of 1812 his son, Ephraim Ellis, was captain
of a vessel running betwcn Cape Cod and New
York and wSs captured by a British man-of-
war. It happened that the British captain was
one of his acquaintances and as soon as he dis-
covered the identity of his prisoner he said he
regretted that he had not known it sooner.
However, he proved his friendship by having
the American captain landed on shore and given
his freedom with the pleasure of walking two
hundred miles to reach his home.

N. B. Ellis, the father of George F. Ellis, wa-^
not inclined toward a sea-faring life as his an-
cestors had been and he built up a large nail
manufacturing business in his native town of
North Sandwich, doing a very extensive busi-
ness until the financial crisis of 1837 swept over
the country, when he lost his fortune. After
this he went into the live-stock business, and
when the most \yesterly terminus of any railroad
in the country was at Syracuse, N. Y.. he used
to go to Ohio and Indiana, then considered the
far west, buying live stock and driving it to
Syracuse, shipping thence to Boston. He con-
tinued in this business until the railroads of the
country extended far west of Chicago and he
saw that city grow from a small town to be the
greatest live-stock market of the world.

George F. Ellis was born at the old home-
stead in North Sandwich in 1848. He resembled
his ancestors and possessed a love for adven-
ture that found its outlet in a stirring life on the
frontier and in the mines of the west. He first

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1081

crossed the plains in 1868 before any railroad
was completed across the continent and when
vast herds of buflaloes and antelopes roamed the
country that is now built up with cities and
towns and divided into ranches and cattle
ranges. He spent the years of 1868-69 niining
in Arizona and had many adventures and much
■ trouble with the Indians. He returned to the
states in 1869 and engaged in commercial pur-
suits until 1879, when he first came to California
on a pleasure trip and has made that state his
home ever since. He was engaged in hydraulic
mining in the northern part of the state and
when the mines in Tombstone. Ariz., were dis-
covered he went there and later drifted down
into Sonora, Mexico, where he with some oth-
ers liad some valuable mines. They had much
trouble with the Indians and were raided twice
by Apaches under Natchez, one of Geronimo's
chiefs. In 1882 he sold out and came to Santa
Barbara, Cal., where he married Mary J. Rog-
ers. They and their family, consisting of two
sons and two daughters, now reside in this .city.
Here he turned his attention to a sea-faring life
in which he had gained previous experience.
He soon rose to the position of a captain and
was successfully engaged in hunting sea otter.
When the boom in Southern California real
estate occurred he made quite a fortune in buy-
ing and selling real estate. He filled many im-
portant positions in Santa Barbara; at one time
he was president of the Santa Barbara Transfer
Company, agent for Wells-Fargo Express
Company, and agent for the Pacific Coast
Steamship Company.

In 1896 Captain Ellis went to Alaska for the
North American Transportation and Trading
Company. It happened that he was in the local-
ity when the gold mines at Dawson were dis-
covered and he hastened to that point, being
one of the first on the ground. His early ar-
rival and his knowledge of mines enabled him
to make some very fortunate selections in prop-
erties. He was interested in claims No. 12 and
13 on El Dorado Creek, which proved to be
very valuable; for a time he took out $10,000
every twenty-four hours from No. 12. He
bought other claims and re-sold them, making
immense profit. After three years he sold out,
and in 1899 returned to Santa Barbara. His
account of those early days at Dawson is par-
ticularly interesting and shows vividly the hard-
ships of life in that camp. Expenses were very
high. Labor was $15 a day; flour sold at $1
per pound; moose meat at $1 per pound; eggs
at $2 each; butter at $5 per roll; beans, sugar,
bacon, etc., were proportionately high. Cap-
tain Ellis was so successful and fortunate in his
ventures that Joaquin Miller, in his letters from
Alaska, refers to him as the Monte Cristo of the
Klondike. Since his return to California he
has been engaged in quartz mining in different

parts of the state. ITis real estate posessions
include some valuable property in Santa Bar-
bara. He votes with the Republican party, and
is identified with the Masonic fraternity as a
Master Mason.

ROBERT COWPERTHWAITE SUDDEN.
The most praiseworthy and substantial of the
many undertakings which have been crowded
into the life of Mr. Sudden are inalienably asso-
ciated with the growth and realized possibilities
of Ventura. As one of the native born of Cali-
fornia, and as the son of a man whose ambitions
and capabilities have culminated in renown in
shipping and transportation circles in San
Francisco, he has maintained the traditions of
ancestors who formulated their healthful aspira-
tions and lived their useful lives upon the heaths
and moors of Scotland. A native of San Fran-
cisco, he was born November 21, 1861, a son of
Robert and Catharine Sudden, natives respect-
ively of Scotland and Ireland.

Robert Sudden, than whom there is no man
in the west more competent in his line, followed
the fickle and uncertain fortunes of the sea while
a small boy, and later engaged in the fishing
industry in Nantucket, Mass. At the time of
the discovery of gold he came to Cahfomia and
continued his former occupation, rapidly rising
to the front as his opportunities were strength-
ened and his knowledge increased. He was
one of the first men employed by the Pacific
Coast Steamship Company and their predeces-
sors, and as captain for the company his charge
was first the steamboat Salinas, and the last
boat, the Ventura. He also branched out into
the wharf business, building wharfs along the
coast, and incorporated the San Buenaventura
Wharf Company, of which he has since been
president. Possessed of a strong personality
and keen financial understanding, he has not
only added to a store of worldly goods, but has
made his influence felt and his worth appre-
ciated. In his honor has been named a station
on the new coast line at Point Arguella, where
he also owns a fine ranch. His possessions in
the shape of vessels and other water craft ply
the high seas, bound with their cargoes for near
and distant ports. He is prominent in iMasonic
circles, and is one of the honored citizens of
San Francisco.

The second in his father's family of three sons
and one daughter, Robert C. Sudden received
his education in the public schools of San Fran-
cisco and Heald's Business College. After grad-
uation lie entered the ship builders' store at
San Francisco, and in 1878 came to \'entura for
the first time, thereafter coming and going be-
tween his birthplace and the Southern California
town until 1881, when he permanently settled
in Ventura with the San Buenaventura Wharf
Company. In 1892 he became manager of the

1083

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

wharf, which is fourteen hundred feet long, and
where boats halt from all stations along the
coast. His directorship in the company by no
means represents the extent of his activities, as
he is an enterprising citizen, whose ability has
called him into many channels of usefulness. He
is among other things a stockholder in the
\"entura County Bank, owns and operates a
small farm, and is one of the organizers, and
the vice-president, of the Saticoy Water Com-
pany. He is a member of the Board of Trade,
and socially stands high in the community, and
is vice-president of the Caledonia Club. His
ambition to aid in the improvement of the city
was strongly evinced \vhile serving for eight
years on the city council, a position which in
1899 he refused longer to accept.

In San Francisco Mr. Sudden married
Eleanor Drucker, a native of the Pacific coast
city. They are the parents of five children:
Robert E., Ruth, Anita, Donald and Dorothea.
The family occupy one of the pleasant homes of
Ventura, built by Mr. Sudden, on the corner
of Meta and Fir streets.

CALVIN HARTWELL. No more public
spirited Ohioan has transferred his allegiance
to the Pacific coast, or more enthusiastically en-
tered into the diversified interests here repre-
sented than Calvin Hartwell, a carpenter by
trade when he came to California in 1874, and
since identified with Pasadena. A native of San-
dusky, Ohio, Mr. Hartwell was born December
17, 1848, and was educated in the public schools
in the vicinity of jMarshalltown, and at Grinnell
College, under the presidency of Dr. Magoun.
His father, Henry D. Hartwell, was born in On-
tario, Canada, whither had removed the pater-
nal grandfather, Ebenezer, from England, al-
though he later settled in Ohio. Henry D.
Hartwell became a pioneer farmer near Mar-
shalltown in 1855. His first wife was Miss
Rogers, of York state, where they were mar-
ried. After their removal to Ohio she died, and
later he was united with Elizabeth Rogers, a
native of New York state, and daughter of
Reuben Rogers, who removed from Saratoga
county, N. Y., to Ohio, and died in Iowa. Of
the seven children born to Henry D. Hartwell
and his wife, but four are living, Calvin being
next to the youngest. One of the sons, Henry,
died during the Civil war as a soldier in the
Twenty-third Iowa Regiment.

Having learned the carpenter's trade Calvin
Hartwell set out for the west in 1874, and upon
arriving in Pasadena plied his trade. He bought
a small piece of land and engaged in horticul-
ture, and during the boom branched out into
extensive real estate dealings. He was one of
the organizers of the Pasadena Cemetery As-
sociation, of which he was secretary and treas-
urer from the beginning until disposing of his

interest therein in 1900; and he laid out Mount
View Cemetery, covering twenty-two acres. He
also laid out the Hartwell subdivision in East
Los Angeles, and from time to time some of
the most desirable property in Pasadena passed
through his hands. He organized and is presi-
dent of the Galena Gold Mining Company, who
have a ten-stamp mill in Chaparal, Yavapai
county, Ariz., and are capitalized for $125,000.
He also has other mining interests in the same
district, including the Dividend Gold Mining
Company.

In Marshalltown, Iowa, Mr. Hartwell married
Mary L. Giddings, a native of Ashtabula
county, Ohio. Mr. Hartwell is a stanch Repub-
lican, and has held many ofiices within the gift
of his fellow townsmen, including that of mayor
of the town. While presiding as chief execu-
tive of the city he instituted many important
changes and accomplished valuable improve-
ments. He has been county commissioner, and
is now- a candidate for county recorder. Dur-
ing his two years' service in the council he was
president the entire time, and while on the
school board for three years he was largely in-
strumental in securing the erection of the Lin-
coln avenue and Columbia school buildings. As
a Mason Mr. Hartw-ell has taken the thirty-sec-
ond degree. He is a member of the Pasadena
Lodge No. 272. of which he has been past mas-
ter for one term, and in the chapter he has been
high priest for one term. He is also connected
with the Pasadena Commandery No. 31, and
with Al Malakiah Temple, N. M. S. He is a
member of the Board of Trade. It is doubtful
if any enjoy to a greater degree than he the
confidence and good wall of the entire commu-
nity, or have more forcibly impressed their own
stability upon the development of Pasadena.

J. W. KLASGYE. The present site of Gar-
dena was a field of waving barley when J. W.
Klasgye came here in 1890, and established his
present blacksmithing and implement business.
Few residents had as yet settled in the neigh-
borhood, and there w^as not even a general mer-
chandise store to accommodate the scattered
farmers. Mr. Klasgye was born in Normandy,
Bedford county, Tenn., August 9, 1871, and is
a son of John AMlliam Klasgye, who was born
in Ohio, lived for some years in Bedford county,
Tenn., and eventually died in Cleveland, Ohio.
He was a machinist and railroad engineer. He
married Julia Montgomery, a native of Tennes-
see, with whose mother, Elzira Montgomery.
J. W. Klasgie lived until the time of her death.

After finishing his education in the public
schools J. W. Klasgye learned the trade of
blacksmithing under his uncle, Jesse Powell,
and in 1889 turned his attention to clerking in
the grocery of another uncle, T. J. Montgomery,
in Tennessee. He removed to Gardena in 1890,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1083

and has built up a fine business, having greatly
enlarged the original capacity of his store and
shop. He carries a line of buggies and wagons,
and is recognized as an upright and enterprising-
business man and skilled workman. He has
considerable property in the town besides the
two lots upon which he lives and conducts his
business.

After coming to Gardena Mr. Klasgye mar-
ried Lexie A. Nichols, who was born in Los
Angeles. Of this union there is one daughter,
Maud, who is five years old. Mr. Klasgye is
fraternally associated with the Independent
Order of Foresters and the Fraternal Brother-
hood. In politics he is a Democrat, but has
never taken an active interest in political un-
dertakings. He is public spirited and broad
minded, and readily comes to the front in all
matters pertaining to the upbuilding of the
town.

W. H. SUDDEN. The soundest and most ad-
vanced commercial interests of Lompoc are rep-
resented by W. H. Sudden, president of the
bank of this place, and a resident of Santa Bar-
bara county since 1886. The career of Mr. Sud-
den has been largely interwoven with that of
his father, Capt. Robert Sudden, a skipper upon
the seas for many years, a man of brawn and
strength inherited from his Scottish ancestry
and developed in l^is youth in his native land.
He shared the gold fever which swept over the
land in 1849, and during that year sailed from
New York, to which he had in the mean time
immigrated, and arrived at the end of his jour-
ney around the Horn to San Francisco in 1850.
He subsequently proved his right to inherit the
land as well as to sail the seas, for he has be-
come a power in the business world of Califor-
nia, and has acquired large holdings in Ventura
and Santa Barbara, and is owner of the wharf of
Ventura. His home is in San Francisco. His
life is a meritorious and enviable one and is
worthy of emulation by those who believe in
success earned by the exercise of natural abil-
ity and determination to succeed.

W. H. Sudden was born in San Francisco
January 2, 1864, and received a college edu-
cation in his native city. He came to Santa
Barbara county in 1886, and for ten years en-
gaged in ranching and a general mercliandise
business. He then became the second president
of the bank which was organized in 1890, with
a capital stock of $100,000, and with a paid-up
capital of $25,000. The bank building is 50x100
feet in dimensions, built of brick, and with
offices upstairs. In connection with his impor-
tant banking responsibility Mr. Sudden contin-
ues to be interested in ranching and stock-rais-
ing, and is heavily interested with his father
and other parties in the shipping business, their
vessels plying principally between San Fran-

cisco and Australia. In politics he is a Repub-
lican, and has been on the town board for one
term and on the board of school trustees for
three terms. Fraternally he is a Mason and
senior warden of the lodge, and is also asso-
ciated with the Workmen and the Woodmen.

In Santa Barbara in 1886 occurred the mar-
riage of Mr. Sudden and Antoinette Hernster,
a native of San Francisco and a daughter of
George Hernster, a very early settler in Santa
Barbara, where he died. Of this union there is
one child, Leta H., who is fourteen years old.
Mr. Sudden is one of the successful, afifable and
popular citizens of Lompoc, and his untarnished
integrity and devotion to the public welfare is
a matter of pride with his friends and associates,
and of enormous benefit to the town.

ORREN HENRY HAYES. While the early
association of Mr. Hayes with Pasadena was
due to his father's selection of the city as a
home, and not to his own decision, the home
of his boyhood continues to be his place of resi-
dence, and he believes it to be one of Califor-
nia's ideal spots. His father, William F., who
was born near Hopkinsville, Ky., and followed
the cabinet-maker's trade in Taylorville, 111.,
brought the family to California 'in 1875,' set-
tling in Santa Barbara, where he took up the
business of a brick manufacturer. From there
in 1881 he came to Pasadena and opened the
first exclusively grocery establishment in the
city, his store being on Fair Oaks avenue, south
of Colorado street. After a few years he re-
linquished his business interests, but he has
since continued to make Pasadena his home.
VVhile living in Taylorville he married Elizabeth
Richardson, who was born in Illinois and died
in Pasadena. Three sons and one daughter
were born of their union, all still living. The
eldest of these, Orren Henry, was born in Tay-
lorville, 111., November 15, 1863, and was about
twelve years of age when the family came to the
Pacific coast. Hence his life has been princi-
pally associated with the growth and progress
of the west, his education was mainly acquired
in California schools, and the associations of
youth and manhood are with this state.

For a few years after coming to Pasadena
Mr. Hayes assisted his father in the grocery.
Later he engaged in teaming and freighting be-
tween Los Angeles and Pasadena, and at the
same time gradually drifted into the hay and
feed business. In "1893 he abandoned freight-
ing, in order to devote his time entirely to
the feed business. For a time his headquarters
were on Union and Raymond, later on Union
near Raymond, but in October, 1900, he bought
a lot on the corner of Union and Broadway,
erected a suitable building, and removed hi.s
business to this point. His store is of brick,
32x76 feet in dimensions, and is utilized for the

1084

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

retail trade. On Fair Oaks avenue lie has a
warehouse for storage purposes, 75x75, with a
capacity of one thousand tons of hay. In addi-
tion he' owns a lot, 76x214 feet, on Union and
Broadway, where he has his coal and wood
sheds. The Hayes Feed and Fuel store is well
known throughout Pasadena, where a trade
lias been built up that is permanent, important
and increasing.

The marriage of Mr. Hayes was solemnized
in Pasadena and united him with Miss Linda
^^'allis, who was born in Wisconsin and in 1875
came to California with her father, Henry A.
Wallis, a pioneer of Pasadena. The three chil-
dren born of this union are Benjamin, Nina and
Frank. Ever since attaining his majority Mr.
Hayes has voted the Republican ticket and
given his influence towards the men and meas-
ures of that party. At the time of the organ-
ization of the Merchants' Protective Associa-
tion he became a charter member and later
served as a director. He is also connected with
the Pasadena Board of Trade. Conspicuous
among his fraternal connections is his mem-
bership in the order of Masonry. He was made
a Mason in Pasadena Lodge No. 272, F. &
A. M., in which he is senior deacon; became a
member of the chapter and commandery in this
city, and is furthermore connected with Al
Alalakiah Temple, N. M. .S.. of Los Angeles.
In Lodge No. 324, of Pasadena, I. O. O. F., he
is a past officer, and at this writing is district
deputy of the encampment. The Maccabees,
Independent Order of Foresters and Woodmen
of the World have enrolled his name among
their members, while, along lines more strictly
social, he is identified with the Americus Club.

MRS. A. W. JONES. A resident of Califor-
nia since 1887 and of Gardena since 1893, Mrs.
Jones was born in LaGrange, Lewis county.
Mo., and is a daughter of Thomas and Louise
(Clack) Merrill, natives respectively of Boston,
Mass., and Nelson county, Ky. Her grand-
father, Thomas Merrill, Sr., was a native of
Connecticut and in early life a sea captain, but
on retiring from that occupation engaged in
farming in Ohio, where he died. The maternal
grandfather, Spencer Clack, was born in Knox-
ville, Tenn., and educated for the law in Phila-
delphia, Pa. However, while still in school he
was converted and decided to enter the min-
istry, a decision that so displeased his father
that further financial assistance was denied him.
In order to gain needed funds he began to teach
school, in which manner he acquired the money
with which to complete his education and start
in life. He became president of Oxford Col-
lege, as well as professor of Greek. Latin and
Hebrew. Removing to Louisville, Ky., he be-
came pastor of a Baptist church in that city
and also edited the first Baptist periodical ever

published in Kentuck) . .\.nioiig his intimate
friends was .\lexander Campbell, founder of the
Christian Church. His utmost endeavors were
used in attempting to dissuade this reformer
from leaving the Baptist denomination and in
his last hours he dictated a letter to Campbell,
the last words of which were, "Brother, I hold
fast to the truth." One of the most fruitful ef-
forts of his life was the establishment of a school
in Louisville where young men were educated
for the ministry. On leaving Louisville about
1831 he went to Missouri as a missionary and
organizer of churches, and some of his most
effective work was in that then frontier state,
where he lived the self-sacrificing, devoted and
earnest life of a home missionary. At the same
time he bought a large tract of land near Little
Union, Mo., where he gave considerable atten-
tion to the improvement of the land and the
building up of a comfortable homestead. In-
dicative of his fine mind is the fact that he had
mastered eight languages at the time of his
death. Indeed, he may be classed among the
most scholarly men of his day and denomina-
tion. To a large extent his talent has descended
to his descendants. His granddaughter, Ida M.
Merrill, became a writer of local note, and mar-
ried Jesse H. Butler, of Los Angeles, who was
also a talented writer and the author of several
books. As a girl she made constant and ear-
nest efforts to save the Talbot boys, of Marys-
ville. Mo., from being hung; however, her ef-
forts were futile, but after their death it was
discovered that they were not guilty.

Thomas Merrill, Jr., was educated for a law-
yer, but to please an uncle, who was a jeweler,
he took up that trade in Columbus, Ohio, later
succeeding to his uncle's business. From there
he moved to Columbus, 111., and thence to
Quincy, same state, where he was a pioneer.
His next location was LaGrange, Mo., where
he started two retail jewelry stores, one of which
was conducted by his son. He died in La-
Grange and was buried in Woodland cemetery
at Quincy, 111., one and one-half miles from
LaGrange. His wife, who was a great-niece of
Sterling Price, of war fame, was at one time
matron of Mount Carroll Seminary in Mount
Carroll, 111., and during that time her daughter,
the subject of this article, was a student in the
school, entering at nine years and leaving when
sixteen. Next she took a course in the Gem
City Business College at Quincy. After living
for a time in Knox county, Mo., she came to
California, arriving in Los Angeles with only
$6. Though friendless and well-nigh penniless,
besides being far from strong, she was not eas-
ily daunted. Without trouble she secured work
as a seamstress, thus making a living for herself
and her mother. Soon she had saved a Httle
money, and with this she bought a cow and
began selling milk. Later another cow was

HON C. J. WILLETT

HISTORICAL AND BrXJRAPHICAL RECORD.

1087

bought and finally she started a dairy business
in Los Angeles. This she sold to Victor Hall
for a neat sum. In 1890 she removed to Buena
Park, Orange county, taking there her herd of
sixty-five cows and selling milk to the con-
densers at that place. In 1893 she came to
Gardena, where at first she rented pasture, later
buying a home and afterward purchasing an
eight-acre tract, part of which was in straw-
berries. In addition, she owns property on
Thirty-ninth street, Los Angeles, and two lots
on Forty-third street and Central avenue. As
a proof of her success, it may be stated that
she now has a herd of one hundred and six
head of cattle, and, besides, takes charge of fifty
head belonging to other parties. In her herd
she still has the first cow that she bought, and
now seventeen years old. In raising horses she
has also been successful, though making less a
specialty of this than of the cattle. In her home,
as the special object of her love and care, is her
mother, now seventy-five years of age; the two
have never been parted, and their devotion to
each other is particularly deep and strong. In
all work planned by the daughter the mother
has been a constant helper, and her sympathy
co-operation and wise counsel have been of the
utmost aid.

HON. C. J. WILLETT. While New York
was still a straggling village on the banks of the
East and Hudson rivers the Willett family came
from England and established itself in the new
town. On the incorporation of the city one
of the name was elected the first mayor. On
Long Island, too, they were pioneers, and Wil-
lett's Point was named in their honor. One of
their most noted representatives was Col.
Marinus Willett, who won fame in the French
and Indian wars and as a Revolutionary sol-
dier, and afterward received from the votes of
his admiring fellow-citizens the office of mayor
of New York.

During the v,ar of 181 2 Col. James Willett,
who was the son of a lieutenant in the Revolu-
tionary struggle, held the rank of colonel and
commanded his regiment on more than one
fiercely-contested battlefield. The latter part of
his life was passed upon a farm in U'ashington
county, N. Y. His son, Rev. J. T., was born at
Argyle, that county, and graduated from Union
College, which conferred upon him the degrees
of A. B. and A. M. Entering the ministry of
the Presbyterian Church, he labored as a pas-
tor in New York state, and then in Michigan,
settling in 1865 at St. Louis, Gratiot county.
His death occurred near Cincinnati, Ohio, when
he was seventy or more years of age. His life
was one of self-sacrificing devotion to the cause
of Christ and the church, and the memory of
his honorable career is a priceless heritage to
posterity. His wife, Cornelia A., was born in

Essex county, N. Y., and died near Cincinnati,
Ohio. Her father, Hon. Reuben Whallon, was
born in New Jersey of Irish descent and be-
came a prominent citizen of Essex county, N.
Y., where for many years he held office as
county judge and later was honored by election
as member of congress from the district.

In a family of four children, C. J. Willett and
Mrs. Nora W. Spooner, both of Pasadena, are
the only survivors. The former was born in
Essex county, N. Y., June 5, 1849, ^'^d spent
the first sixteen years of his life in his native
locality. After graduating from the Grand
Rapids (Mich.) high school in 1867, he en-
tered the University of Michigan, from which
he was graduated in 1871, with the degree of
A. B. Three years later the degree of A. M.
was conferred upon him. Upon leaving col-
lege he taught for a year at Chelsea, Washtenaw
county, after which for three years he was con-
nected with a bank in St. Louis, Mich. Mean-
time his leisure hours were devoted to the study
of law, and in 1877 he was admitted to the bar
at Ithaca, Mich., after which he opened an office
at his home town of St. Louis. In that city he
married Miss Hattie C. Crosman, who was born
near Welland, Ontario. For years he was one
of the town's leading men. The various offices
to which he was elected testify to his activity
as a citizen and his popularity as a man. For
one term he served as county attorney, and he
also acted as city attorney, city treasurer and
mayor of St. Louis, filling these various posi-
tions with credit. The welfare of the local
schools was promoted through his efficient
service as a member of the board of education,
which position he filled for ten years. In 1883
he was honored by* election as regent of the
L^niversity of Michigan, and this office he held
for eight years.

Since coming to Pasadena in 1893 Mr. W'il-
lett has been as deeply interested in the city's
welfare as in his former home in Michigan.
While engaging in the practice of law, he has
not only managed his private professional
affairs, but has also held official positions. I'n-
der the new charter he is the first to occupy
the office of city attorney, in which position lie
is proving himself to be the "right man in the
right place." For six years he has been a mem-
ber of the board of education and is now its
president. He is a member of the Los Angeles
County Bar Association, and has been admitted
to practice in all of the courts, county, state and
Ignited States supreme court. In religion he
is an Episcopalian. While in St. I-ouis he was
made a Mason, served as master one term, and
was raised to the Royal Arch degree. In
Ithaca, Mich., he joined the commandery, K. T.,
and at Detroit the consistory, A. A. S. R., while
he became a Shriner in Moslem Temple, N. M.
S., at Detroit. .'Kt this writing he is connected

1088

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

with Corona Lodge in Pasadena; also the chap-
ter here, in which he is past higli priest; and the
commandery, in which he is past eminent com-
mander. On the organization of the Pasadena
Consistory he became a charter member and
is now a past officer and thirty-third degree
Mason, besides which he is a member of Al
Malakiah Temple, N. JNI. S., Los Angeles, and
past potentate.

HON. CHARLES B. GREENWELL. The
secretary of the Hueneme Wharf Company,
and state senator from Santa Barbara and
Ventura counties, was born in San Francisco,
Cal., in 1866. Though comparatively a young
man to have attained to the distinction so read-
ily accorded him, his success is not surprising
when it is known that his life is fashioned some-
what after the strong and substantial outlines
indicated in the career of his father, Capt. W. E.
Greenwell. Captain Greenwell (who is repre-
sented at length elsewhere in this work) was a
distinguished" member of the United States
Coast and Geodetic Survey, and was born in St.
Mary's county, ^Md., in 1824. He w^as a gradu-
ate of the Georgetown (District of Columbia)
College, and studied law in the office of the dis-
tinguished Washington jurist. Brent. He re-
ceived his appointment to the coast survey from
Dallas Bache, superintendent, and an intimate
friend, and served in Mobile bay, on the coast
of the Gulf of Mexico until 1854. The following
year he was transferred to the coast of California
to assume charge of the coast sifrvey party un-
der General Ord, and was thus employed until
1861. Although a southerner, he espoused the
cause of the Union during the Civil war, and was
stationed at Washington, D. C, during the
secession congress. After the war he returned
to California, and continued in the coast survey
until a few years before his death at his home
in Santa Barbara, August 27, 1886. A dis-
tinguished man and capable officer, his strong
and forceful personality dominated and invested
with truth and wisdom every condition with
which he had to deal, and it is said by those who
knew him best that the government never ob-
tained the services of a more loyal, disinter-
ested, or wholly worthy man.

Charles Bennett Greenwell was reared in
Santa Barbara, and was graduated from the high
school and college of that place. As a prepara-
tion for future independence he learned civil en-
gineering and practical surveying, and was for
a time city engineer of Santa Barbara, and also
served as county surveyor. In 1884 he became
identified with the Hueneme Wharf Company,
which position he has since held, being also a
stockholder in the company. From an early
period in his life he has been interested in the
politics of the Republican party, and his singu-
lar fitness for office was rewarded in 1898 by his

election to the state legislature from Ventura
county, by a plurality of six hundred and
seventy-one votes over the fusion candidate. In
1900 he was elected to the state senate from
Santa Barbara and X'entura counties. He is
post president of the Hueneme branch of the
Native Sons of the Golden West, and is fra-
ternally associated with the Benevolent Protec-
tive Order of Elks.

The marriage of Mr. Greenwell and Leslie
Lilly, of X'entura county, occurred in Santa
Barbara.

H. J. FINGER, member of the state board of
pharmacy, and for many years one of the most
capable and active pharmacists in California,
was born in San Francisco, Cal., March 19, 1853.
His father, Theodore Finger, was bom at
Frankfort-on-the-Main. and was a graduate of
that historic seat of learning, Heidelberg Uni-
versity. When a young man he came to Amer-
ica and settled near Belleville, 111., where he en-
gaged in farming. At Alton he enlisted in an
Illinois regiment for the JNIexican war, serving
until its close. He then returned to Illinois and
peacefully pursued his former occupation until
the rumors of golden treasure swept back over
the land from the Pacific, and then the certainty
of a farmer's livelihood in Illinois was ex-
changed for the possible but hardly probable
rapid acquisition of mineral wealth. He came
to California via New Orleans, sailing around
the Horn, and arriving in San Francisco in 185(1.
After engaging in mining in difTerent parts of
the state with spasmodic success for three
years, he settled in Redwood City, San Mateo
county, Cal., and there improved and conducted
a magnificent farm, upon which he remained un-
til his death in 1887. Tragic was his demise,
for he was killed by the railroad in front of his
residence. His wife, formerly Mina Koch, was
born in Germany, and immigrated with her par-
ents to Illinois. Her marriage occurred in St.
Louis, Mo., and she is now living on the old
homestead in San Mateo county. Three chil-
dren w-ere born of this union, li. J. being the
oldest, and the only one living.

Mr. Finger was reared on his father's farm in
San Mateo county, and graduated from the high
school at Redwood City. When seventeen years
of age he entered the University of California
as a member of the first class of pharmacy, and
there obtained his education in the drug busi-
ness. In 1872 he came to Santa Barbara as
pharmacist for Robert Breitzmann, and after
three years established a drug store of his own
in the Clock building. During the years inter-
vening between 1875 and 1890 he catered to a
large and increasing trade, and discontinued his
chosen occupation only because of a stubborn
siege of illness which promised no immediate
surcease, and from which he has even vet not

C^/3_^.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1089

fully recovered. In 1891 he was appointed to
the state board of pharmacy by Governor Mark-
ham and served for six years, his position being
filled by a Democrat when Governor Budd oc-
cupied the gubernatorial chair. However, in
1901 he was re-appointed by Governor Gage,
and is still serving in that capacity. He has
varied interests in Santa Barbara, and as proof
of his faith in the continued prosperity of his
adopted town has invested in considerable real
estate. He is a member of the American Phar-
maceutical Association, to which he was elected
in November of 1878. Politically he is a Repub-
lican, and is fraternally an Odd Fellow. For
three years he was county coroner and public
administrator.

Mrs. Finger was, before her marriage, Ella C.
Hluntley, and is a native of New Haven, Conn.,
where she was educated.

WILLIAM P. WEBER. The proprietor gf
the Santa Paula nursery came to \'entura
county in 1887, enjoying the distinction of being
a passenger, June 19, on the first train that ever
came into Ventura county and Santa Paula.
The business w-hieh he has successfully followed
is one in which he early gained a wide and val-
uable experience. He was born in Tipton, Mo.,
where his father was for years the proprietor
of the Tipton nursery, having established the
same in 1855. In time the son succeeded his
father in the management of the nursery, but
after two years, believing tfie Pacific coast of-
fered better opportunities, he disposed of the
business and in 1886 came to Los .\ngeles.
After having traveled for the Belleville nursery
as a salesman for a year, he came to Santa
Paula and in 1888 purchased a tract of raw
land, which forms the nucleus of the present
nursery. This was the first regularly estab-
lished nursery in Santa Paula and practically
the first in the entire county that carried all
kinds of stock. From ten to twenty-five acres
are in citrus, deciduous and ornamental trees,
and from this nursery have come a large per
cent of the orchards in the county. Since 1892
ho has carried lima beans and has produced
a large proportion of the seed beans used in
the vicinity, besides shipping to Eastern seed
houses. Having spent his entire active life in
the nursery business, he is familiar with all of
its detail and thoroughly understands all of the
problems connected with it. Realizing the value
of producing the finest grades of English wal-
nuts, he makes this one of his specialties. .\n
industry in which he is interested is the buy-
ing and drying of fruit. He acts as purcliasing
agent for the North Ontario Packing Company
of Ontario, Cal, and in buying beans represents
Mr. Levi, of Hueneme.

During 1901 Mr. Weber bought and handled
nineteen cars of walnuts, besides many cars of

other California products. It is his hope to
establish a canning factory in Santa Paula, in
which to can all kinds of fruits. Among the fine
orchards of Ventura county, the one which he
owns is entitled to special mention. Its prod-
ucts are varied and valuable. About two hun-
dred boxes of the finest navel oranges are pro-
duced each year. His ranch of one hundred
and five acres near Santa Paula is devoted
largely to fruit-raising and from five to fifteen
men are employed upon the land. The plans
are completed for a fine stone residence, to be
erected upon the ranch.

Fraternally Mr. Weber is connected with the
Foresters. He is a member of the Santa Paula
Board of Trade and a stockholder in the River
Street Water Company's ditch. In the work
of the Democratic party he is interested. In
1892 he acted as a delegate to the state con-
vention of his party at Fresno. Successful in
his personal affairs, he does not limit his at-
tention to business matters, but takes an active
part in all plans for the upbuilding of the com-
munity. In every branch of the fruit industry
he is considered an authority, and much of his
time is spent in the development of the business
throughout the state.

W. M. WATERMAN. The mercantile inter-
ests of Oxnard are well represented by Mr.
Waterman, who is one of the leading business
men of the city. A native of Bavaria, Germany,
where he was born in 1869, he early developed
ambitious tendencies which resulted in his im-
migration to the United States in 1885. The
following year he settled in \'entura county and
has since become an integral part of its mer-
cantile expansion. Like most of our country's
successful men, he began with little means and
has mastered every step of the way by hard
work and application to business. As a clerk in
the employ of his present partner, Mr. Leh-
mann, he conscientiously fulfilled his duties at
Hueneme for about si.x years. He began in
business at that time for himself, as a competi-
tor of Mr. Lehmann, and continued in that way
until about 1897, w'hen a consolidation took
place through the purchase by Mr. Lehmann
of the interest of Mr. Waterman's partner.

In the spring of 1898 Mr. Waterman opened
the first store in Oxnard, erecting for that pur-
pose a building 84x100 feet in dimen.sions,
which was well stocked with such necessities as
are required by the people of a growing town.
This establishment is now managed by the two
partners, under whose supervision business has
progressed satisfactorily. The firm own an en-
lire block of ground in Oxnard, and if the
present rate of increase in population continues,
they will in the near future erect an even more
commodious place of business. During the

1090

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

time that they have been supplying the manifold
needs of the town, at least two thousand people
have settled here, and all are hoping that the
town will soon be incorporated, in order that
its welfare may be best promoted.

It is not to be supposed that Mr. ^\'atcrman
is devoted exclusively to mercantile pursuits,
for he is one of those liberal and progressive
men who are naturally to the front in all mat-
ters of public moment. His influence on the
side of improvement is emphatic. Although a
Republican and actively interested in town and
county elections, he does not care for office
himself. Fraternally he is connected with the
Ancient Order of United Workmen at Hue-
neme, the Maccabees and the Benevolent Pro-
tective Order of Elks. A leading Mason, he is
a director in the Masonic Club at Oxnard and
one of the prime movers in the erection of the
Masonic Temple, a brick and stone building,
which was completed in August, 1901. and has
proved an important addition to the business
portion of Oxnard.

CAPT. EMIL HARRIS. From his native
land of Prussia, where he was born December
29, 1839, Captain Harris came to the L^nited
States with an aunt at thirteen years of age
and for one year remained in New York City.
Having relatives on the coast he decided to
come to California, and so took passage on
the North Star steamer to Panama, and on
crossing the isthmus boarded the John L. Stev-
ens for San Francisco, where he arrived in
March of 1857. With the intention of learning
the printer's trade he entered an office, but the
work did not prove congenial and he soon left.
His next employment was as a waiter in the
New York restaurant on Gearney street. Going
from San Francisco to Stockton he worked in
his uncle's billiard hall, and when the uncle
moved to San Francisco he formed a partner-
ship with him in the cigar business. Two years
later he took charge of a billiard hall of eight
tables at \^isalia, this being a business venture
of his uncle, and when the latter sold out he
returned to San Francisco.

The residence of Captain Harris in Los An-
geles dates from April 9, 1869. A year later,
when the first regular police force was organ-
ized, he became a patrolman, continuing as such
for some years. Meantime he gained some val-
uable experience in detective work and proved
the possession of signal abilities in that line.
One of the most interesting recollections of his
life is in connection with the capture of the
noted bandit, Tiljurico \^asquez, who, after a
series of appalling robberies and murders, was
finally captured May 14, 1874. at the house of
"Greek" George, nine miles west of Los An-
geles, not far from the Cahuenga Pass. The

capture was made by a number of deputy sher-
iffs with Under-Sheriff Albert Johnson in
charge, and was a skillful and scientific culmi-
nation of a carefully-laid plan of Sherifif W. R.
Rowland to secure the bandit without loss of life
to the attacking party. Captain Harris rode
with the others to the house and, firing one shot
at the retreating Spaniard, the latter threw up
his hands in surrender. Fie was taken to Tres
Pinos and later tried at San Jose for murder,
found guilty, and was there hanged March 19,
1875. The bandit's rifle is in Captain Harris'
possession, and his knife and saddlebags have
been given to the Historical Society.

Another interesting case in which Captain
Harris did detective work was in connection
with the murder of T. Wallace INIore at \^entura
in 1877 during the squatter's war. The working
up of this case took an entire year, but was suc-
cessfully consummated. In 1877 and 1878 Cap-
fain Harris was chief of police of Los Angeles,
and during his term the Temple Bank was
robbed. Within three weeks he had captured
the robber and secured the money, $10,060.
This case he worked up without any aid what-
ever, while attending to his regular duties as
chief. It seems that the robber was a confi-
dential bookkeeper of the assignee in bank-
ruptcy, who broke the lock, thus giving the
impression that the robbery had been committed
by outside parties. However, the manner in
which the lock w^ broken convinced Captam
Harris that it had been removed from the safe,
and he at once began to look around the bank
for the guilty party. On being accused of the
crime, the bookkeeper made confession and
dug up the money, which he had buried in the
outskirts of the city. In 1871, while Captain
Harris was still a patrolman, the country was
flooded with counterfeit ten and twenty dollar
greenbacks. There were only six policemen in
the city then, and each of them had to work
ceaselessly in an efTort to find the guilty par-
ties. Finally, after the captain and Officer
George E. Gard had been without sleep three
days and nights, they captured one of the coun-
terfeiters, with $1,500 in tens and twenties on
his person, and a month later, after a chase
through California and Arizona, secured an-
other, thus breaking up the gang. In 1888 a
change in politics caused him to resign from
the force, and the following year he established
a detective office, since which time he has en-
gaged in private cases.

In the organization of the fire department
in 1870 Captain Flarris was actively interested.
With ten others he organized the Turner Ger-
mania, which has grown to be a very important
organization, with five hundred members. He
is the only charter member of Golden Rule
Lodge, I. O. O. F., who still remains in Los
Angeles. Politically he is independent.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1091

L L. FETTERMAN. Since becoming a citi-
zen of Long Beach in 1884, Mr. Fetterman has
been identified with several of the important
interests here represented, all of which have
benefited by his business ability and general
progressiveness. At first interested in the hotel
and livery business, he worked up a large trade
and established a reputation for unswerving in-
tegrity and enterprise, and upon disposing of
this enterprise in 1898 engaged in contracting
of heavy work, such as grading, excavating and
house moving. This business has assumed large
proportions, and is at present by far the most
pretentious in this part of the county, many
large street contracts having fallen to the lot
of Mr. Fetterman.

A native of Pennsylvania, Mr. Fetterman was
born in Venango county, April 7, 1849, and is
the youngest in a family of eleven children born
to Isaac and Nancy (Titus) Fetterman, and the
only one of the four now living who is in Cali-
fornia. Isaac Fetterman, also a native of
Venango county, Pa., was of German descent,
and an own cousin of that Captain Fetterman
after whom the fort of that name is called, and
who was killed in the terrible Fort Kearney
massacre. Isaac Fetterman was a farmer in
Pennsylvania, and was captain of the Pennsylva-
nia militia, and about 1855 removed with his
family to Mitchell, Osage county, Iowa. He was
a pioneer of this part of the state, and carried on
large farming and stock-raising enterprises up
to the time of his death at the age of sixty-five
years. His wife, who died in Iowa, was a sister
of the founder of Titusville, Pa., which was the
place of her birth. One of her sons, Daniel,
served during the Civil war in a Minnesota regi-
ment, and gave up his life for the cause he
deemed just.

At the age of four years I. L. Fetterman re-
moved with the family from Pennsylvania to
Iowa, and he was but eight or nine years old
when his father was taken from him by death.
He was educated in the public schools, and at
a comparatively early age started out to carve
his own fortunes. Upon removing to Minne-
sota he lived on a farm at Orinoco, near
Rochester, and afterwards lived for a couple of
years at Jackson, Mich. He then repaired to
the oil region near Titusville, Pa., and soon
became one of the pioneer workers at Pit Hole,
where he engaged in drilling and developing.
He then embarked upon an extended lumber
business throughout the south, and in the
spring of 1868 located in Butler county, Kans..
and began to raise cattle on homesteaded land.
In 1873 he came to California and settled in
Kern county on government land, and while in
this county was in the employ of Carr & Hagcn
as foreman in charge of the construction of the
old Goose Lake canal, probably the largest in
the state, and one hundred and forty feet wide

on the bottom where it leaves the river. Hav-
ing completed this task he removed to Los An-
geles county and bought a farm near Downey,
where he engaged in farming and stock-raising
with considerable success. In 1876 he began
contract pork-packing with Speedy, Dodsworth
& Co., and when he became a member of the
concern three years later the name thereof was
changed to Dodsworth & Co., Mr. Fetterman
representing the company. He continued in
charge of the packing department, probably the
largest in Los Angeles, until 1884, in which year
he came to Long Beach, as heretofore stated.
The marriage of Mr. Fetterman and Minnie
Carey was solemnized in Butler county, Kans..
Mrs. Fetterman being a native of Indiana, and
daughter of J. A. Carey, one of the old time
pioneer Indian traders of Kansas. To Mr. and
Mrs. Fetterman have been born seven children:
George W., Charles E., Leonard, Samuel, Clar-
ence, Maude A. and Minnie. Mr. Fetterman is
a Democrat in political afliliation, and has been
extremely active in local political afTairs. He
has served for two terms as a member of the
city council, and he was one of the organizers
and a member of the first board in the town.
Fraternally he is connected with the Long
Beach Lodge of Masons No. 327, and he is a
member of, and liberal contributor towards, the
Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Fetterman is
one of the substantial business men of the town,
and has the respect and good-will of the entire
community.

ELBERT B. TURNER. Since coming from
Oregon to California in 1884 Mr. Turner has
made Ventura county his home and has ac-
quired the ownership of one of the finest ranches
on Sespe avenue. Through the close study he
has made of horticulture, he has gained a thor-
ough knowledge of the science and is now con-
sidered one of the local authorities on the sub-
ject. He has found the raising of citrus truits
to be remunerative and hence devotes consid-
erable time to the industry, besides which he
is also successfully engaged in raising apricots.
Such of his land as is not available for fruit-
growing is under alfalfa.

A native of Carroll county. Mo., E. B. Turner
was born in 1859, a son of Samuel and Martha
(Bailey) Turner, natives respectively of Ten-
nessee and Kentucky. The maternal grand-
parents, Alexander and Sallie liailey, were Ken-
tuckians. descendants of old .American families.
Born in 1819, Samuel Turner was six months
old when his parents retnoved to Missouri,
and much of his life was jjassed in Carroll
county, where he became a prosperous farmer.
During the da\s of '49 he came to the far west
and for three years mined in Eldorado county,
I)Ut. deciding there was no place like the old
h.ome. ho returned to Carroll county and re-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

sumed farm pursuits. His death occurred there
in 1898, when he was seventy-nine years of age.
His wife also died in Carroll county. They
were conscientious members of the Baptist
Church and he officiated as a deacon. Politically
he voted with the Democrats and on that ticket,
during the Civil war, was elected county sherifif.
In a family of eleven children E. B. Turner is
the only one on the Pacific coast. In the com-
mon schools of his native county he received
his education and this has been supplemented
by practical experience in later life. When a
young man he went to Kingman county, Ivans.,
and four years later, going still further west,
settled in Yamhill county, Ore., where he en-
gaged in farming for two years. In 1884 he ar-
rived in A^entura county, his present place of
abode. When the railroad was built, he bought
sixteen acres of raw land on Sespe avenue.
This he first put under cultivation to prunes,
but after a few years took out all of these trees
and replaced them with navel oranges, which
he finds more profitable. There are now ten
acres in orange trees that are six years old.
In 1894 he erected the finest residence on the
avenue, and in 1890 built the Cottage Hotel in
Fillmore, which he subsequently sold. His sys-
tem of irrigation is said to be among the best
in the vicinity, and enables him to secure the
largest possible results from his ranch.

While in Kansas Mr. Turner married Miss
Lucinda Hammond, a native of Henry county,
111., and daughter of William T. and Sarah
Hammond, they have one son, Elvin Edgar
Turner, who is now seven years of age. In
politics Mr. Turner holds to the principles of
the Democratic party. In his financial under-
takings he. has been successful and deserves the
credit for his present high standing among hor-
ticulturists. Being a progressive, public-spirited
man, he has not only improved his own home,
but has done all in his power to improve the
town as well, and any plan for its upbuilding
finds in him a hearty supporter.

F. A. SNYDER. For a considerable period
Mr. Snyder l:as acted as manager of ranch prop-
erty in'\'entura county. He was born in Penn-
sylvania in 1854 and his education was received
in that state. At sixteen years of age, starting
out to make his own way in the world, he went
to Kentucky, and a year later settled in Illinois,
where he remained four years. During his
residence in these states he learned to be a tele-
graph operator and worked at civil engineering,
which occupations he followed for many of the
following years. In 1875 he came to California
and settled in Ventura county, where for a time
he was interested in sheep-raising with Messrs.
Bates, Brown, Gerberding and Taylor. Later
for three years he was a resident of Los .An-
geles. He acted as foronian for the Kester and

Patton ranches in the San Fernando valley, and
in 1879 became foreman for J. H. Kester at
Vina, Tehama county (now the Stanford vine-
yards). The following year he went to Simi,
where he farmed for three years. During a
subsequent residence in Montana he was with
his mother and brother for two years. In 1888
and 1889 he was in the employ of a horse and
cattle company at Santa Paula.

During 1890 Mr. Snyder was appointed man-
ager of the Los Posas Land and Water Com-
pany, and had charge of putting in their water
system, covering seventeen thousand acres and
irrigating ninety-three ranches. The land is
owned by Senator Thomas R. Bard and several
colleagues, among the foremost of these being
Captain Green and J. R. Erringer of the Penn-
sylvania Central Railroad. With the exception
of a few orchards belonging to Senator Bard, all
of the property is rented to tenants, who raise
principally barley, wheat, beans and beets. As
superintendent, Mr. Snyder oversees all of the
work connected with Los Posas ranch, and
makes his home thereon, having a comfortable
residence presided over by his wife, who was
formerly Miss Mary J. Gray of the Ojai valley.
In politics Mr. Snyder is a Republican. Fra-
ternally he is associated with the Benevolent
Protective Order of Elks, Santa Barbara Lodge
No. 615, and with the Ancient Order of United
Workmen at Hueneme.

HON. W. L. TALBOTT. At present a mem-
ber of the city council of Lompoc and formerly
a member of the state legislature, Air. Talbott
is intimately connected with many of the pub-
lic activities of Santa Barbara county. He was
born in Rochester, Cedar county, Iowa, in 1848.
His father, M. J. Talbott, was a farmer during
the early part of his life, and was a native of
New A^ork state. In 1852 he came to California
with ox-teams, and after a journey of five
months arrived in Placerville, where he engaged
in mining with considerable success until 1864.
His subsequent residence in the west has been
prolific of sucess, and now well-to-do, he lives
retired from business cares, making his home
at Sutter Creek. Despite his eighty-one busy
years, he is still hale and active. He married
Anna C. Thompson, a native of Germantown,
Ohio, who is also enjoying good health, al-
though, in common with her husband, advanced
in years.

the early years of W. L. Talbott were in-
fluenced by the family migrations in search of
a permanent abiding place, but in 1855 they
settled at Alichigan Bar, Cal., where he acquired
a common-school education. At the age of
sixteen, facing the problem of self-support, he
started out to independent farming and con-
tinued the same until 1875, when he transferred
his activities to the same line in the Lompoc

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1093

region. In 1890 he turned his attention to the
hvery business, and now has, on Ocean ave-
nue, the finest and best equipped barn in Lom-
poc, with a corresponding large patronage from
the townspeople.

In 1877 Mr. Talbott married Amelia Irwin,
a native of Canada. They have six children,
who are receiving at the hands of their parents
the best possible educational advantages and
who are destined, by reason of good mental
endowment and energy, to make their mark in
their respective avenues of accomplishment.
They are as follows: Edward, who is a gradu-
ate of the LTniversity of California, and now a
student in the Hastings Law School; Homer,
who is studying dental surgery in the State Uni-
versity; William, a student in the same institu-
tion, where he is taking the course in mining
engineering; Lloyd, a student in the Lompoc
high school; Chester and Irene, also students in
the local schools.

A Republican in politics. Air. Talbott has
been prominent in local and county aflfairs, and
was elected to the legislature in i8q2, serving
one term. In April of 1900 he was elected to
the city council, of which he is now an active
member. Fraternally he is associated with the
Knights of Pythias, being a charter member and
past chancellor of Lompoc Lodge No. 57; he
is also a charter member of Lompoc Lodge,
P'oresters of America. Personally he is highly
esteemed in the community of which he is an
enterprising citizen, and his efforts to further
the cause of progress have not been unavailing.

R. W. DAVIS. Various enterprises neces-
sary to the well-being of Gardena number Judge
Davis among their promoters, chief among
these being the creamery, which he conducts on
the co-operative plan. At the time of its pur-
chase by him, the plant was producing two
thousand pounds of milk per day, but under his
energetic oversight and judicious management
the capacity has been increased until the output
is now si.x thousand pounds a day. Had he
been easily discouraged, perhaps he would have
abandoned the enterprise in a few months, for
during the first year he barely made expenses,
and even the end of the second year found him
very little ahead, but he has now placed the
business on a paying basis, and is enjoying a
merited success. He owns and operates the
Watson creamery near Long Beach, which has
a capacity of four thousand pounds of milk per
day. In addition to the creamery business he
has for four years served as justice of the peace
and also acts as agent for the Liverpool & Lon-
don Globe Insurance Company.

In Hempstead county, Ark., Judge Davis was
born December 17, 1854, a son of Levi B. and
Lydia (Teague) Davis, natives respectively of
.N^orth Carolina and Tennessee. The paternal

grandfather, R. Washington Davis, was a native
of North Carolina, and did not remove from
that section of the country until he was ninety-
eight years of age; he then joined his descend-
ants in Arkansas, where he died in .1875, at the
age of ninety-nine and one-half years. Reared
in Tennessee, Levi B. Davis removed from
there to Arkansas in 1853 and homesteaded a
quarter section of land, after which he followed
farm pursuits. His remaining years were quietly
passed, with no other interruption except his
period of service in the Confederate army. He
died at Mineral Springs, Ark., in the sprmg of
1890, having survived his wife, Lydia, twenty-
four years. They were the parents of five sons
and two daughters, of whom four sons attained
maturity. R. W., who was next to the youngest
of the family, received his education in public
schools and Mineral Springs College, after
which he engaged in merchandising at Hope,
Ark. In 1886 he removed to Texarkana, Ark.,
and in 1889 came to California, where he has
since made his home. His first purchase com-
prised twenty acres at Downey, from which
point in 1897 he came to Gardena, his present
home. Since then his attention has been given
largely to the creamery business. About 1899,
when the ranchers around Gardena had trouble
marketing their butter, he agitated the organi-
zation of a society to secure relief, and it was
largely due to his energy that the Los Angeles
and Orange County Creamery Board was es-
tablished. This board meets every week and
controls the butter market of Los Angeles,
handling from fifty to sixty thousand pounds
every week.

In Mineral Springs, Ark., Mr. Davis married
Miss Bettie Brown, who was born in Murfrees-
boro, that state, being the daughter of Benjamin
Brown, a Tennesseean, who was killed in the
Civil war. The three children born of their
union are Hugh F., Ethel and Mabel. Chiefly
to have the benefit of their insurance protection,
Mr. Davis has allied himself with the Woodmen
of the World and the Independent Order of
Foresters. He is also connected with the
Knights of Pythias. In politics he has always
voted with the Democrats, and during his resi-
dence in Hope, Ark., was on that ticket elected
city recorder, which office he filled for one ternr.

A. SWENSEN. No city offers greater op-
portunities for the contractor and builder than
does Los .'Vngeles, whose picturesque environ-
ment and beautiful lawns lend the touch of art
and culture so essential to the highest success
in building. Mr. Svvensen was born in Jotland.
Denmark, September 11, 1859. and received a
good education in the public schools, also an
excellent training at home. His parents.
Michael and Elizabe'.h Swensen, were also na-
tives of Dentnark. The former was a soldier

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

during the revolution of 1848 and followed the
building business as a means of livehhood. In
the family there were seven children, all but
one of whom are living. Four reside m Amer-
ica, the subject of this article being the young-
est' of these. In his youth he gained a fair
knowledge of building from his father. He was
also apprenticed to learn the trade in the School
of Technique at Aahus. On the completion of
his apprenticeship he traveled as a journeyman
in different parts of Europe, visiting Switzer-
land, Austria, France, Holland and Belgium.
In 1879 he settled in Birmingham, England,
where he followed carpentering for nine months.
Crossing the ocean in 1880, Mr. Swensen pro-
ceeded by boat to the Isthmus of Panama, and
from there went to San Francisco. In 1886 he
came from that city to Los Angeles, where he
followed his trade. For a time he carried on
business as an architect, but this he later re-
linquished, and has since engaged exclusively
in contracting and building. Among his con-
tracts were those for two of the finest business
blocks in Los Angeles, namely: the Homer
Laughlin and the Douglas blocks. Among other
contracts were those for the Blanchard building,
Los Angeles metal works, the Casa de Roses,
the Harkes residence, and the Third street tun-
nel, the largest in the city.

The marriage of Mr. Swensen and Mary Mc-
Garry, a native of Philadelphia, occurred in Los
Angeles. They have four children, Mary, Freda,
Elizabeth and Dorothea. Mr. Swensen is a
member of the Chamber of Commerce, the
Builders' Exchange and the Master Builders'
Association. Fraternally he is associated with
the Maccabees.

WILLIAM McC. RAMSEY. Lying along
the foothills and overlooking the valley of the
Santa Clara, where it presents one of its most
attractive views, stretches a vast tract of highly
improved land, which is known as Olivelands,
and of this beautiful place Mr. Ramsey is the
proprietor. A drive through this wonderland
should occupy a prominent place on the pro-
gram of every tourist who visits this county.
One of the attractions is the largest orchard of
English walnuts in the world, also an orchard
consisting of about thirty-five thousand olive
trees.

Upon an eminence overlooking the orchard
stands the residence, which is occupied by the
owner, and beyond this a vista of rare beauty is
opened up in the miles of fertile farm lands and
orchards. Near the residence are buildings
which are occupied by the superintendent and
employes, a walnut washing house, warehouse,
large barns, and all the machinery and imple-
ments used in the operation of a great ranch.
.-Xs you look out over the wooded hills you sec
immense licrds (jf Jersev cattle, and the hills

and vales abound in game, for the game law is
strictly enforced and no poaching allowed.

In conjunction with Olivelands, and under
the same ownership, is operated a water supply
of fifteen hundred miners' inches, furnishing
about twenty millions of gallons per day, which
is used for irrigation purposes on the ranch,
and the remainder sold to other irrigators in
the valley. Situated as it is in the foothills, the
crops are never injured by frost. The estate,
wljich is owned by Mrs. W. McC. Ramsey and
three minor children, consists of about twenty-
six hundred acres, all the land being exception-
ally rich and producing heavy crops without fer-
tilization. Between four and five hundred acres
are in bearing walnut trees, most of which are
eleven years old. About four hundred acres are
planted to olives, of which a fine crop is yielded
each year. Perhaps one hundred and fifty acres
is bare land on which general farm crops are
raised. The walnut crop, however, is the bulk
of the income, and a ready market is found for
them.

WILLIAM H. TRASTER. One of the
most efficient engineers in Los Angeles is Wil-
liam H. Traster, who is a man of broad experi-
ence in his line of work. He was born in Win-
chester, Van Buren county, Iowa, February 22,
1867, and is a son of Isaac and Mary (Chamber-
Iain) Traster, the former of whom was of Ger-
man descent and born in the east, while the
latter was born, of Scotch descent, in Salem,
Mass. In the parental family there were five
children, three of whom are living. William II.
being the eldest. His youth had its load of
responsibilities, for at the age of thirteen he
began to be financially independent, and there-
after his life was devoted to the accomplishment
of his ambition to be an expert engineer. Dur-
ing the summer months he worked in the Ruf-
fter machine shops at Ottumwa, Iowa, while in
the winter he attended school at Mount Pleas-
ant, that state. At the end of eighteen months
he became identified with the Globe iron works
at Keokuk, Iowa. In two years he had com-
pleted his trade and was ready for tlic future
with its emergencies.

After a short time in \'an Buren county,
Iowa, in 1886 Mr. Traster came to California
and at Fresno was chief engineer of a planing
mill. In the spring of 1887 he located in Los
Angeles, but soon after went to Fallbrook, and
assumed the management of his aunt's large
stock ranch, a responsibility discharged for
three years. In 1890 he settled near Daggett.
San Bernardino county, and became chief engi-
neer for the Pacific Coast Borax Company's
power plant, remaining there for a little more
than three years. This position he resigned to ac-
cept a place as telegraph lineman for the Santa
Fe Railroad Company at .\sh Fork, Ariz., and

M/7ia^

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1097

superintended the putting in of the telegraph
line between Ash Fork and Prescott. This task
completed, he undertook the charge of the
pumping plant at Prescott and Del Rio. After
two months he became assistant engineer of the
Los Angeles Cable Company's plant at the
corner of Seventh street and Grand avenue, and
was thus employed for three and one-half years.
On the consolidation of the different lines he
went with the Los Angeles Railway Company
at Sixth street and Central avenue, and helped
to put in the Ellis engine. His next position
was that of chief engineer of the Wilcox block,
but two months later lie resigned to become
chief engineer of the \'an Nuys Broadway
plant, of which he had charge for four years
and eight months. June 5, 1901, he became
chief engineer of the Angelus hotel, where he
was master of a fine engine. This position he
resigned, April i, 1902, in order to engage in
the engine room supply business at No. 610
North Main street.

Along the line of his occupation jMr. Trastcr
is identified with the North American Station-
ary Engineers, is ex-vice-president of the local
division, and represented the same at the grand
lodge in Pittsburg, Pa., in 1897, ^nd in Roches-
ter, N. Y., in 1901. Fraternally he is a member
of the Maccabees, in rehgion is a Baptist, and
politically is allied with the Republican party.
In April of 1902 he married Miss Catherine
Coleman, daughter of J. C. Coleman, an old set-
tler of Los Angeles. In his chosen line of work
Mr. Traster is an expert, and has a reputation
as deserved as it is high.

HON. MATTHEW T. ALLEN, one of the
superior judges of Los Angeles county, has
been identified with professional life in South-
ern California since 1887. Of Scotch-Irish pa-
ternal descent, he was born in Greenville. Darke
county, Ohio, September 17, 1848, and was edu-
cated at the common schools of his city and
county, supplemented by a partial course at Ot-
terbein University. With characteristic prompt-
ness he determined upon the law as a fitting
field for his ambitions and abilities, and after
qualifying at Winchester, Ind.. was admitted
to the bar on the twenty-first anniversary of his
birth. A potent factor in the formation of his life
plans was the example set by his older brother,
Judge William Allen, one of the pioneer law-
yers of Ohio. This brother represented his dis-
trict in congress from 1858 to 1863, and died in
1 88 1. The father. Rev. John Allen, a clergyman
in the United Brethren Church, was born in
County Down, Ireland, and immigrated to
America with his father, William, and the rest
of the family in i8t8. settling in Butler county,
Ohio, where they lived upon a farm. He died
in Ohio in 1858. The paternal great-grand-
father, John, was born in Scotland in 1724. The

mother of Judge Allen, formerly Elizabeth Ash,
was born in Butler county, Ohio, and died in
Ohio in 1862.

After being admitted to the bar, Mr. Allen
was for a short time assistant prosecuting attor-
ney at Winchester, Ind., and in 1872 began the
practice of law in his native town of Greenville,
Ohio. Owing to overwork and close applica-
tion his health became undermined, and he re-
moved to California in 1886, and has since
rapidly forged his way to the front as a lawyer,
jurist and substantial man of affairs. He was
appointed United States attorney for the south-
ern district of California, by President Harrison,
but resigned during President Cleveland's term
of office, and continued the practice of law with
l-.is former assistant United States attorney, and
afterwards United States attorney, Frank P.
Flint. In January of 1897, he retired from legal
practice, having been elected judge of the su-
perior court in 1896. He has handed down
several important decisions which have been
approved by the supreme court, one of the de-
cisions being that marriages at sea, between
citizens of the sta^e, without license, and where
the ceremony is i-erformed by one not author-
ized by the laws of the state, are void. Another
decision was that an indigent husband, driven
from home by the cruelty of his wife, is entitled
to support from the separate estate of his
wife. Judge Allen is a Republican in politics,
and is a member of the California Bar As-
sociation and the Chamber of Commerce.
While living in Ohio in 1873. he became a
Mason, is past master, and a member of the
Chapter and Commandery in Los Angeles.
Since 1890 he has been associated with Al Mal-
akiah Temple. N. M. S.

In 1879 Judge Allen married Mary White-
side, of Camden, Ohio, and of this union there
are two daughters, Echo and Lois Allen.

FRANK P. McDIVITT. During the past
decade the ranching possibilities of Ventura
county have been enlarged and promoted
through the efforts of its progressive and prac-
tical citizens. Especially has there been devel-
opment along the line of one industry, viz.: that
of raising lima beans, and Mr. McDivitt is one
of the men who is proving the success of this
industry. An accurate estimate of his crops
shows that the yield is twenty-two hundred
]iounds to the acre. However, his attention is
not limited to this one occupation, for he also
devotes considerable time and thought to fruit-
growing, and there is no apricot orchard near
Santa Paula that is finer than his.

The father of this well-known rancher is one
of the leading public men of California and his
name is particularly well known in journalistic
circles. Hon. C. J. McDivitt was a native of
Pennsylvania and in i860 identified himself with

1098

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the original Greeley colony in Colorado, where
he assisted in the 'building of ditch No. 2 at
Greelev, and served efficiently as a member of
the Colorado state legislature and as chief clerk
of the house of representatives. The year 1872
found him in Kansas, where he was variously
interested in farming, merchandising and pub-
lishing. For several years he was editor and
proprietor of the Abilene Chronicle, a weekl}
paper. From Kansas he came to California in
1888. Settling at Santa Paula, he purchased
the Golden State from Stephen Bowers, and
this he enlarged and merged into the Chronicle.
During the three years of his connection with
the paper he acquired considerable prominence
throughout Ventura county. In 1892 he was
appointed custom inspector of the port of Santa
Barbara. On resigning that position he re-
moved to Kern county and has since been edi-
tor and proprietor of the Randsburg Miner, the
onlv paper published in the Mohave desert.

The war record of C. J. JMcDivilt is worthy of
special mention. During 1862 ho enlisted in the
One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Pennsylvania
Infantry, and was assigned to the army of the
Potomac, in which he served for two years.
Among the famous engagements in which he
participated were those at Chancellorsville and
Second Bull Run. Throughout the entire pe-
riod of his service he fought with his regiment
in all of its encounters with the enemy, and
won a record for bravery of which he and his
might well be proud. On the organization of
the Grand Army of the Republic, he at once
became interested in this movement, and later,
for one term, was honored with the office of
department commander of Kansas.

In Huntingdon county. Pa., Frank P. Mc-
Divitt was born in 1865. His childhood days
were passed in Kansas and his education was
obtained in the public schools of Abilene.
Much of the time when a boy he traveled
through Kansas and Colorado in a wagon, thus
gaining a thorough knowledge of the then
frontier. In 1888 he came to California and
soon was followed by his parents. Entering the
occupation which his father had adopted, he
was associated with him in the publication of
the Santa Paula Chronicle, for a time acted as
editor and proprietor of the Santa Paula News,
and is now interested in the Randsburg Miner.
Another occupation in which he was interested
was that of mining, and he prospected and de-
veloped several good claims in Kern county.
In 1894 he removed to the old Haines ranch
near Santa Paula and has since made this place
his home. His wife is a daughter of Abner
Haines, former owner of this property, and a
leading pioneer. Mr. Haines settled near Santa
Paula in 1S67 and remained here until his death,
which occurred in 1893. In political views Mr.
McDivitt is a stanch Republican, devoted to the

interests of his party. He is progressive and
aids in good works for the upbuilding of the
community.

J. B. CORSON. One of the participants in
the most famous tea party ever given in Amer-
ica was Moses Corson, whose subsequent serv-
ice during the Revolutionary war proved him
to be loyal to the struggling colonies. When
independence had been established he moved to
Maine and settled near Acton, where he took
up a tract of government land and reared his
eio;ht sons and four daughters. Among the sons
was Capt. Seward Corson, who was born in Mas-
sachusetts in 1793 and died in Maine in
1842. The title by which he was known came
to him through his services in an Indian
war. His wife, Huldah (Barrett) Corson,
was born at Dublin, N. H., in 1794, and
died in Wisconsin in July, 1870. She was a
niece of Nathaniel Barrett, who commanded
the patriots at Charlestown Bridge. Her father,
Joseph Barrett, a native of Charlestown, INIass.,
"became one of the very earliest settlers of
Canaan, Me., out of which were made the fol-
lowing towns: Skowhegan, Bloomfield, Fair-
field and Pittsfield.

In the family of Capt. Seward Corson was J.
B. Corson, born at Canaan, Me., August 31,
1834. Nothing of special moment marked the
years of his youth, nor were his travels more
extended than mere neighborhood journeys,
until 1857, when he settled in Sheboygan county.
Wis. Two years later he returned to New Eng-
land and in i860 began to clerk in a wholesale
house of Bangor, Me., but soon turned his at-
tention to agriculture, buying a farm of two hun-
dred acres. As soon as the Civil war was
opened the blood of his forefathers became ap-
parent. Fired with patriotic zeal, he enlisted in
Company B, Thirteenth Maine Infantry, of
which the celebrated temperance advocate, Neal
Dow, was the commander. With his regiment
he went to camp at Augusta, November i, 1861.
February 2, 1862, they were ordered to Boston,
Mass., and on arriving there camped for one
night in Faneuil Hall. The ne.xt day they were
placed on the steamship Mississippi, which sailed
to Fortress Monroe under command of Neal
Dow for the purpose of taking on General But-
ler. He took part in the battle of New Orleans
and the siege of Port Hudson in 1863. His
service included the offices of provost-marshal
of the Mississippi river, lieutenant and captain,
until the time of his closing term of service.

The war having expired, Mr. Corson took up
the pursuits of civic life. For a time he was
engaged as a contractor on the eastern division
of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. In
1869 he embarked in the manufacture of furni-
ture, having his factory at Sheboygan, Wis.,
and conducting the business under the title of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1101

the Sheboygan Manufacturing Company. In
1886 he came to CaHfornia and established his
home in Pasadena.

The only fraternal orders which have claimed
the allegiance of Mr. Corson are the Masons
and Odd Fellows. At no time has he been active
or conspicuous in politics, his independent views
not bringing hmi into close touch with either of
the great parties, while his tastes are for do-
mestic life rather than public service. His mar-
riage took place at Canaan, Me., in 1866, and
united him with Flora A. Goodwin, who was
born in that village. The children of Mr. and
Mrs. Corson were named as follows: Claude,
Stella, Flavilla and Ralph. The oldest daughter
died in February. 1894; the second married R.
W. McDonald, of Pasadena, and the third is the
wife of R. Bland, also of Pasadena. The only
son, who is vice-president of the Cleburne
(Tex.) Light and Water Company, married
Miss Jean Nelms, of Pasadena.

HON. ALEXANDER A. McDONELL.
Years ago the clan Macdonell lived and flour-
ished in Inverness, Scotland. The grandfather
of Alexander A. was Donald, whose father, Al-
len, was a son of Donald and the latter in turn
a son of Allen, the two names of Donald and
Allen alternating almost as far back as the rec-
ord can be traced. In 1802 the grandfather
took his family to Canada, among his children
being Alexander, who was then a boy of ten.
Some years later this son bought a farm sixty-
five miles from Montreal and there he lived and
labored. Though in the midst of the "Canucks"
he continued to use only Gaelic, and in this way
all of his children became familiar with the lan-
guage. His wife, Janet Mcintosh, was born in
Canada, her parents having removed there from
Inverness. They had ten sons and two daugh-
ters. Among the sons was Donald, who dur-
ing the Civil war was a member of a cavalry reg-
iment and was captured in Missouri by the Con-
federates, after which he was confined in prison
for a year.

The oldest child in this large family was Alex-
ander A., born in Cornwall, Canada, March 2,
1821. Lentil fifteen years of age he worked on
the home farm, after which he was emploved
as foreman in the construction of the Cornwall
and other canals. Going to Vermont in 1847, he
was a contractor on the Rutland & Burlington
Railroad, having charge of the contract to con-
struct ten miles of road. Next he was engaged
on the Rutland & Washington Railroad in the
same state, and after a time took a contract on
the southern division of the same road, whore
two vears were consumed in completing five
miles of heavy work. From \'ermont he went
to Ohio with Joseph Chamberlain on the Cleve-
land & Pittsburg Railroad, where he graded
manv miles of road from Hanoverton tn Salines-

ville. Next he went to Morrowtown and Day-
ton, and engaged as superintendent of construc-
tion on the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanes-
ville Railroad. Thence he returned to Sandy-
ville, Ohio, where he built a large tunnel on
the Tuscarawas Railroad branch. After a few
years of very successful w-ork in Ohio, he went
to Wisconsin, where he took a contract for one
hundred miles between Madison and Prairie du
Chien, completing the same after two years,
March 17, 1857. At the same time he built fortv
miles or more from Janesville to Monroe.

Having established his home at Madison,
Wis., in the fall of 1857 ^Ir. McDonell was
elected from that district to the state legisla-
ture on the Republican ticket. His election was
a test of his personal popularity, for the district
usually gave a Democratic majority of three
hundred. While in the assembly he won the
friendship of all, even those who opposed him
politically, and his record was the unusual one
of never having lost a bill. During the session
of 1857 the contract for erecting the capitol
building had been let to a Milwaukee contrac-
tor, who began work, put in the foundation, but
after eighteen months abandoned everything.
^Milwaukee was anxious to secure the capital in
her own city and members had been elected to
the legislature pledged to work for the removal
from Madison to ]\Iilwaukee. ]\Ieanwhile the
people of Madison were anxious concerning the
matter and greatly desired to have the capitol
completed, so the legislature could meet in it.
The impression gained ground that the capital
would be moved to Milwaukee if the building
was not soon completed, and doubtless such
would have been the result. As a loyal citizen
of Madison, Mr. McDonell was anxious to pro-
mote its welfare, and urged that John Ragcraft
(the Milwaukee contractor) be sent for and
bought out, declaring that he would find a man
to complete the capitol before the next election.
His proposition was carried out. Ragcraft was
sent for and forty men joined to buy him out,
after which Mr. JNTcDonell completed the build-
ing just thirteen days before the legislature con-
vened. When the old papers were turned over
to him, they showed that the contract should
have been sriven to him in the first place ac-
cording to his first bid. He had taken $50,000
in Madison capitol bonds and the city attempted
to repudiate them, but he watched over his in-
terests in each legislature and finally the bonds
were paid.

During his entire business experience Mr.
McDonell had no contract more important or
more difficult than that for the building of the
tunnel under Lake Erie in order to secure fresh
water for use in Cleveland. The filling of this
contract reouired four years of arduous labor,
night and da\-. and during that time many un-
expected difficulties arose to retard the prngre^is

1102

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

of the work and increase expenses. The prin-
cipal ditificulty was in connection with the
springing of leaks, which caused the tunnel to
fill up with sand, and it was not until he con-
ceived the plan of tunneling around it that the
difficulty was surmounted. After four thousand
feet had been tunneled the water broke through
the solid wall of rock and again the tunnel filled
up with sand. This time he stopped work at
that point and began at the crib, building from
there to the point where he had previously
worked. Every day he lost money on the con-
tract, but he kept his men at work and paid
them regularly, securing the money for this by
taking a contract in Wisconsin for a tunnel one-
quarter of a mile long, on the Chicago & North-
Western Railroad. Finally the entire distance
from the shore to the crib, one and one-fourth
miles, was completed and the tunnel turned
over to the city. The council was so pleased
with the work that its members passed a resolu-
tion recommending that the board of water
works pay the contractor an amount sufficient
so that he would not be the loser financially.
This they did, in recognition of his success in
completing a task no one thought it possible for
him to accomplish.

Another important contract successfully filled
by Mr. McDonell was in Chicago. The Wash-
ington street tunnel had been commenced by
a contractor, but had caved in, and the work had
been abandoned. Then j\Ir. McDonell, associ-
ated with Charles B. Farwell and J. K. Lake,
took up the work and completed it from new
plans which Mr. ]\IcDonell had originated him-
self. At various times he had railroad con-
tracts and his success as constructing engineer
was little less than remarkable. During the
war he was with Governor Randall of Wisconsin
as engineer, with the rank of brigadier-general
on the governor's staff. In 1879 he bought the
Mark Twain copper mine near Globe. Ariz.,
which he worked for fifteen months and then
sold to a New York firm. In June, 1883, he
came to Los Angeles and later bought the resi-
dence on West Adams street, in which he after-
ward made his home. After coming here he
still continued his interests in .-\rizona. .\s chief
engineer and superintendent of construction, he
was connected with the building of the Mineral
Belt Railroad from Flagstaff to Globe, which
work was begun in the fall of 1886 from Flag-
staff south. An agreement had been made
whereby the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Rail-
road Company was to take each five miles of
roadbed at $3,000 a mile. When the president
of the road, J- W. Eddy, went to the company
for the first payment, they told him they would
pay the entire amount when thirty-five miles
had been finished. Again, when the stipulated
amount had been completed, Mr. Eddy came
out from Boston to interview the .Santa Fe of-

ficials, but found they were not in a position to
pay, therefore the work was necessarily aban-
doned.

At White Hall, N. Y., Mr. AIcDoneil married
Frances Elizabeth Bailey, who was born at
Troy, N. Y. They became the parents of
eleven children, as follows: Mrs. Elizabeth A.
Taylor, of Los Angeles; Airs. Emma M.
Schloesser, of Los Angeles; Alexander Edward,
who was drowned at the age of six years;
Charles A., M. D., a railroad contractor now
in Mexico; Mrs. Mary C. Carroll, of Los An-
geles; Alexander Walter, of Catalina; William
F., who died of yellow fever of? the coast of
Alexico; Francis J., deceased; George D., 01
Mexico; Mary, wife of James Marsh, of British
Columbia; and Joseph Henry, of Los Angeles.

Mr. McDonell was made a Mason at New
Philadelphia, Ohio, and at New Lisbon he was
initiated into the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows. In religion he was a member of St.
Mncent's Catholic Church. Politically he al-
ways voted with the Republicans. As might be
expected, during his long and active career he
met with many experiences. While in \'erniont
he had a foreman through whose head a bar of
iron was blown, yet the man not only survived
the shock, but for years afterward carried on his
usual work. The case was so remarkable that
it was reported in the American Medical Jour-
nal about 1850. The death of Mr. AIcDonell
occurred at his residence on Adams street, De-
cember 21, 1901. Of his personal attributes it
may be said that energy and perseverance were
dominant traits. Where obstacles confronted
him. he met them with a determination and per-
sistence that always proved effectual. No diffi-
culty was allowed to discourage him, no re-
verses daunted, and no opposition conquered
his forceful will. Possessing these characteris-
tics, it is not strange that, without the influence
of means or friends, he should work his way
to a position of eminence among the construc-
tion engineers of the latter half of the nineteenth
century.

T. H. LOVE, M D. In the list of popular
physicians and surgeons of \>ntura county
none is more highly respected for professional
ability and success than is Dr. Love, of \'en-
tura. He was born in Higginsport, Brown
county, Ohio, November 2^. 1847. 3"<^1 is a son
of Charles and Elizabeth (Hoover) Love, na-
tives respectively of Higginsport and Felicity.
Ohio. His maternal grandfather, Joel Hoover
was born in Kentucky, of Pennsylvania parent-
age. The paternal grandfather, .Vlexander
Love, was a native of county Donegal, Ireland,
born in 1776, and came to .America in 1794.
From Pittsburg he journeyed down the Ohio
river to Cincinnati, and from there in 1806 went
to Higginsport, Brown county. Buying one

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1105

hundred acres of land at $2.25 per acre, he made
a home and improved a farm. His wife, Ellen,
was a daughter of Charles and Margaret (Swy-
er) Canary. Born in Germany in 1744, Mr.
Canary came to America before the Revolution-
ary war, in which he served under General
Washington. Accompanied by his wife, who
was a native of Philadelphia, he removed to
Ohio in 1804, and settled in Lewis township,
Brown county, where he engaged in improving
a farm from the wilderness.

Farming formed the principal occupation of
Charles Love and in it he met with fair success.
His activity in local affairs is shown by the fact
that he served in county offices. His der^th oc-
curred in Brown county at eighty-six years of
age. His thirteen children are still living, J. H.
being the sixth in order of birth. Two of the
sons served in the Civil war, Sylvester and
Wesley, both of whom are now residents of
Higginsport. Sylvester served in Company K,
Fifty-ninth Ohio Infantry, while Wesley was
first a captain in Colonel Collins' Regulars and
afterward was promoted to the rank of major;
since the war he has been a practicing physician.
The education of J. H. Love was received in
common schools. At the age of nineteen he
began to study medicine under his brother, Dr.
Wesley Love, and in June, 1870, was graduated
from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and
Surger}-, from which institution he holds the
degree of M. D. Returning to Brown county,
he opened an office at Hamersville, where for
twenty years he conducted a general practice.
In the spring of 1890 he removed to California
and for some months resided in Los Angeles,
but in March, 1891, came to Ventura, where he
has since engaged in the practice of medicine
and surgery. Under President Cleveland he
was appointed a member of the LTnited States
board of pension examiners and served for four
years as president of the same. Among the
professional organizations with which he is
identified are the American Medical Associa-
tion, California State and Southern California
Medical Societies.

The marriage of Dr. Love was solemnized
in Felicity, Clermont county, Ohio, and united
him with Miss Addie McCoskey, daughter of
Dr. Hugh and Rebecca A. (Tucker) McCoskey,
natives respectively of Beaver county, Pa., and
Clermont county, Ohio. Her father was a grad-
uate of Augusta College in Kentucky and the
Ohio Medical College, after graduating from
which he practiced his profession at Newark,
Ohio, next at Ripley, and later at Felicity, re-
maining at the latter point from 1849 until 1877,
when he removed to Hamersville, and liis last
years were passed in that city. Mrs. Love was
reared in Ohio, received an excellent educa-
tion, and is an active member of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. Born of her marriage are

three children, namely: Hugh McCoskey, a
graduate of the Ventura high school, winner of
the Examiner's prize trip to Chicago in 1893,
and later a student in the Chicago University,
class of 1901; Louis Carlisle and John Hoover.
While living in Ohio Dr. l,ove was made a
Mason in Georgetown Lodge No. 72, A. F. &
A. M., and he is still connected with the lodge
and chapter in that town. In Hamersville he
affiliated with the lodge of Odd Fellows, and
the Knights of Pythias. In political views he
is a Democrat and at one time served as chair-
man of the Ventura county central committee.
Such are his qualities as a citizen and a man
that he is fortunate who numbers him among
his chosen friends.

MICHAEL FAGAN. The honored cit-
izen after whom Fagan Canon is named
and who is one of the pioneers of his
section of Ventura county, has practically
demonstrated the truth of the saying that
"All things come to him who hustles while he
waits." On eight hundred acres of the ex-mis-
sion grant, purchased in 1883, he has succeeded
in overcoming the obstacles at all times to be
found in a wild mountainous country, and now
has a fine stock and grain farm. Large herds of
cattle roam at will over the grassy slopes, the
average number being almost three hundred
head. A fine grade of cattle they are, and their
market value is such as to justify the care ex-
ercised in their raising. Horses also are raised
in large numbers, and the ranch being so near
Santa Paula, many horses are pastured for the
townspeople. A general farming enterprise is
carried on, and an abundance of fruits raised for
home consumption.

Born in Pennsylvania, August 26, 1840, Mr.
P'agan arrived in Calaveras county, Cal., August
13, 1852, having made the journey overland
with ox-teams. His mother, formerly Annie
Dinnell, had died in 1851, while his father, John
Fagan, a native of Ireland and in boyhood an
emigrant to Canada, died in Calaveras county in
November, 1852. After his father's death
Michael Fagan and three brothers engaged in
mining in partnership, and from 1852 to 1854
were located at Murphy's camp in the placer re-
gions, where the old gulch liberally released its
hidden store in response to the labor of those
who trusted in it. As a result of his mining ven-
tures he was worth $11,000 when eighteen years
of age. In 1855 he removed to San Joaquin
county, near Linden and Stockton, where he en-
gaged in farming and stock-raising on a large
scale. However, owing to the drought of 1864,
his crop of one thousand acres of wheat was a
complete failure. Disposing of the interests
which lie had held in partnership with his broth-
er, John, he determined to try his fortunes in
Mexico, and accordingly crossed over into that

1106

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

country. For a time he was interested in cot-
ton-raising and for six months clerked in a store.
His next venture was as a miner and prospector
in Nevada. While in Mexico, he witnessed the
disturbances caused by the overthrow and sub-
sequent assassination of Maximilian. I'he re-
turn journey from Mexico to California was un-
dertaken overland through Arizona, and on the
way he prospected and mined at Wickenburg
above Phoenix.

In 1866 Mr. Fagan bought a large ranch in
Stanislaus county, where he farmed and raised
stock as heretofore. Two years later he dis-
posed of his enterprise and came to the Santa
Clara valley, where, on the Sespe ranch, for
three years he made a specialty of raising hogs
and sheep. At times he had as many as three
thousand five hundred head of sheep, and for a
part of the three years was in partnership with
L. Snodgrass. Some of the sheep were later
sold and the balance traded for property in Ven-
tura, which sold at a profit during the boom.
He then bought one hundred acres in the vi-
cinity of Saticoy, and began to raise beans, also
set out the first'orchard in that part of the coun-
try. Sheep were also raised extensively, and in
order to carry on his enterprises he rented sev-
eral other ranches in the same neighborhood.
His ranch near Saticoy was disposed of in 1883
and he forthwith purchased the ranch upon
which he has since lived.

April 9, 1879, Mr. Fagan married Hattie Til-
lotson, a native of New York, and of their union
five children we're born: Frank D., Cora Alay.
Ettie Belle, Walter Miller and Marion Morris.
Politically Mr. Fagan is a Democrat, and has
been active in local politics. On several occa-
sions he has served as delegate to state and
county conventions, and has intelligently rep-
resented the needs and wonderful development
of his locality. He is one of the most practical
stockmen of' the county, as well as one of the
most progressive citizens. He is interested in
furthering the cause of education and in all en-
terprises for upbuilding the valley. At one time
he was a member of the People's Lumber Com-
l)any, also a member of the committee that pur-
chased the land on which the Santa Paula
branch of this company was established. Fra-
ternally he is affiliated with the Masons at Santa
Paula.

LEON LEHM.\NN. In any California
town of the size of Oxnard it would be difficult
to find a more complete line of merchandise
than that carried by the popular merchants,
Lehmann & Waterman. In addition to dry-
goods they carry a fine line of hardware. In-
deed, almost anything in reasonable and general
demand may be found on the shelves of this
establishment. .\ continually increasing trade
is enjoyed as a result of the energy and wise

judgment of the proprietors, who also conduct
a branch store at Hueneme, the latter being
underthe management of a trustworth assistant.

The knowledge of business possessed by Mr.
Lehmann has been acquired through a practical
experience that covers many years. When he
first came to California he secured employment
as a clerk for the mercantile firm of Wolf &
Levi, with whom he remained for almost nine
years as an employe. During that period he
gained a thorough knowledge of the details
connected with a business of that kind, and his
experience has since proved of the utmost help
to him. His ability was recognized by his em-
ployers and he formed a partnership with one
of them, under the firm title of Wolf & Leh-
mann. Their association was continued until
1897, since which time Mr. Lehmann has been
connected with Mr. Waterman. The two have
made their association mutually profitable and
congenial.

Mr. Lehmann was born in Alsace-Lorraine,
Germany, February 6, 1861, and is a son of
Morse and Estella Lehmann, natives of Ger-
many. The father died in his native land, but
in 1893 Leon returned to Europe and brought
back his mother, who has since made her home
with him in Oxnard; she is now sixty-three
years of age. In addition to the advantages de-
rived from attendance at college and diligent
study of text-books, he has since learned much
through his habits of close observ-ation and
through his varied experiences in the world.
Hence he ranks to-day among the well-in-
formed German-American residents of Ventura
county. Besides his business interests, he has
real estate in Oxnard and other towns and is
also the owner of a ranch of one hundred and
twenty acres.

In politics Mr. Lehmann is a Republican, yet
he is not a partisan and is too busy a man to
devote any time to politics. Fraternally he is
connected with the Elks, Maccabees and Ma-
sons, in which latter organization he was the
first member to join Hueneme Lodge No. 311.
F. & A. M., and has ever since been active in
Masonry.

W. H. FLEET. The efficient superintendent
of the Pirn fruit rancho has filled his responsi-
ble position for many years and is well known
among the ranchers of Ventura county. Pie
was born in Henrico county, near Richmond,
\'a., March 29. 1861, and was the eldest of the
nine children of Capt. W. C. and Lucy E. (Roan)
Fleet, descendants of old colonial stock. The
old plantation home where he was born was
established by his great-grandfather, who was a
pioneer of King and Queen county, Va. The
grandfather, James R. Fleet, was the proprietor
of large flour and grist mills, and owned a large
hay and tobacco plantation, but. unfortunately,

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1107

during the Civil war, the fine improvements of
his homestead were almost totally destroyed.
He died in 1875. In the house where he was
born also occurred the birth of his son, Capt.
W. C. Fleet, who succeeded to the ownership
of the flour and grist mills, and in connection
with the same operated a sawmill. He was a
prominent man in his community, and served
as supervisor both of Middlesex and also of
King and Queen counties. During the Civil war
he served in the Confederate army with the
rank of captain.

The higher education of W. M. Fleet was ob-
tained in Blacksburg (Virginia) College. In
1882 he settled in Lafayette county, Mo., and
for a few years engaged in raising cattle. From
there he came to California, and was for a short
time employed by the Southern Pacific Railroad
Company in Los Angeles county. Later he
came to Ventura county, since which he has
lived in the same locality and been connected
with the same ranch. His first employer was
David C. Cook, the Sunday-school publisher of
Chicago and Elgin, 111., who had purchased the
Temescal land grant, comprising fourteen thou-
sand and nine hundred acres. The former
owner of the property disposed of it, in August,
1900, to the Piru Oil and Land Company,
which, recognizing Mr. Fleet's ability, retained
him in the position he had so satisfactorily filled
with Mr. Cook.

Since becoming superintendent, Mr. Fleet's
attention has been given undividedly to the
practical matters connected with the manage-
ment of the ranch. The surveying and hy-
draulic engineering, water system, canals,
flumes and pipe lines receive regular attention
from him. No one understands more thor-
oughly than he how to protect the system from
damage in case of a storm. Devoted to his
work, he understands all of its details. The
immense orchards reflect great credit on his
supervision and the work of his five efficient
foremen. Fifty men are given steady employ-
ment on the ranch, while during the busy sea-
son this number is increased to between four
and five hundred. A specialty is made of dried
fruit, w-hich is hand picked, sun dried and cured,
and cannot be excelled for color, cleanliness,
flavor and quality.

Adjoining the elegant mansion built by Mr.
Cook is an attractive residence, which is owned
and occupied by Mr. Fleet, and presided over
by his wife, whom he married January 21, 1897,
and who was formerly Lorena C. Scott, being a
native of Madison county, Ky. In 1887 Mr.
Fleet became a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church of Piru City, and since that time
he has served in the capacity of trustee, steward
and Sunday-school superintendent, also was a
member of the building committee when the
house of worship was erected. For ten years

he has been a school trustee. As a Republican
he is active in politics, has served several tunes
on the election board and is a member of the
county central committee. Among tne citizens
of Piru none has a higher position or numbers
more friends than does W. H. Fleet.

C. E. KING. This pioneer photographer of
Santa Paula is also connected with the city's
activities through his ownership and manage-
ment of a furniture and undertaking establish-
ment. He came to this place in January, 1893,
from Illinois, where he w^as born, at Springfield,
August 31, 185S. Reared and educated ui that
state, at the age of twenty years he started out
for himself and went to Kansas, settling in
Winfield. There he was united in marriage,
October 12, 1880, with Miss Mary Felton.
From Kansas he returned to Illinois and taught
school in Carlinville for twelve years, during
the last two of which he held office as assistant
principal of schools.

As soon as he came to California Mr. King
began to look for a suitable opening. Shortly
afterward he bought a photograph gallery at
Santa Paula from J. C. Brewster and was' the
first photographer to settle permanently in the
town. In addition to the regular photographic
business, he handles supplies of all kinds, with
which he supplies amateurs throughout the en-
tire county. His Ventura county views, of,
which he makes a specialty, are excelled by
none. He also devotes attention to the framing
of pictures and the furnishing of artist's sup-
plies. The amateur photographer has in him
a friend, and many of these come to him for
advice in regard to the developing and printing
of pictures.

In 1895 Mr. King became a partner in the
firm of Reilly Bros., undertakers, since which
time the firm has been known as Reilly & King
until June i, 1901, when he bought j\lr. Reilly's
uiterest. Being an experienced embalmer, he
is well qualified for successful work in the un-
dertaking business. January i, 1902, he bought
out the furniture store of J. B. Beardsley on
Main street, and has since conducted this busi-
ness in connection with other enterprises. He
also handles sporting goods. His success is
worthy of commendation, for he has had noth-
ing but his perseverance and energv to assist
him in getting a start. He is a meinber of the
Santa Paula Board of Trade and a worker for
all plans tending to promote the prosperity of
his city and county.

Fraternally Mr. King is connected with the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is past
grand of the lodge. In the Ancient Order of
United Workmen he holds office as district
deputy. He is a member of Olive Encampment
No. 79, at Ventura. In these various organiza-
tions he is active and influential. Another lodge

1108

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

in which he is prominent is that of the Fraternal
Brotherhood, in which he was the first president
and is now the secretary.

JEFFERSON L. CRANE. No name in the
Santa Clara valley carries with it more of honor
than this, nor does any suggest larger under-
takings in the pioneer days. Near Akron, Me-
dina county, Ohio, Mr. Crane was born June
17, 1839. His father also was a pioneer, having
settled in Ohio in an early day and taken up a
government claim of timber, which he cleared
and upon which he made his home and reared
his family of seven sons and one daughter. He
was born in Massachusetts and died in Ohio in
1885. The grandfather, Barnabas Crane, led an
interesting life between the ocean and the land,
in the summer time commanding a ship upon
the sea, and in the winters engaging in educa-
tional work. He lived to be four score and four
years old. At an early day in the eighteenth
century some of the ancestors left their home
in England and settled in Massachusetts, and
were later among those who fought for release
from British tyranny during the war of the Rev-
olution.

Jefferson L. Crane arrived in California in
October of 1861. Almost immediately he be-
came associated with his uncle, G. G. Briggs.
in the Santa Clara valley, whose ranch he man-
aged for seven years. This property Mr. Briggs
had purchased from the More Brothers in 1862,
paying $45,000 for eighteen thousand acres,
and the following year Mr. Crane set out an
orchard of two hundred acres, this being the
first orchard planted in the entire valley. The
country at the time was wild and uninviting,
the only inhabitants of Saticoy being Indians,
while the nearest white neighbors were eight
or ten miles away. Game was plentiful, and
deer and bear were frecjuently seen when one
walked abroad. It had been the intention of
Mr. Briggs to colonize the valley, but a drought
visited \he region that ruined the crops and
in the light of that discouragement the enthu-
siasm of the settlers vanished.

In 1861 occurred the marriage of Air. Crane
and Jeanette Briggs, a native of Massachusetts.
The five children of this union were born in
\'entura county, and are named as follows:
Emmett C, Lincoln P., Cora L., Charles and
Chauncey. During 1868 Mr. Crane returned to
Ohio, but after ten months he decided to again
try his luck in California. Upon returning he
lived for a time at Carpinteria. Eventually he
bought the ranch on which he now lives and
wliicli was a portion of the old Saticoy ranch.
The property contained one hundred acres, but
in 1888 he sold fifty, retaining fifty acres as his
homestead. On his land he raised walnuts,
Bartlett pears, apples, and various other kinds
of fruit,, in the cultivation of which he has had

success. At times his pears bring as high as
$300 per acre. At this writing he is grafting
the English walnut on the American black wal-
nut root, and is finding the experiment to be
a success. In addition, he is engaged in pre-
paring a nursery, with which business he has
become familiar in all its phases, being a master
in the art of growing, budding and pruning
plants. He has made excellent improvements
on his place, has good buildings and a pleasant
home. Many of the important enterprises of
the neighborhood owe much to his enthusiastic
support, among these being the Saticoy Walnut
Growers' Association, in the organization of
which he assisted and whose president he has
since remained. In politics he is a Democrat.

EMMETT C. CRANE. Prominently con-
nected with the general growth of Saticoy is
Emmett C. Crane, at present engaged in con-
ducting the largest general mercantile establish-
ment in the town. A native of Ventura county.
he was born on the old Briggs orchard farm
April 6, 1863, and was educated at Carpinteria,
Ventura and Santa Barbara. His father, Jef-
ferson C. Crane, is one of the most esteemed
of the early pioneers of the county, and to his
earnest efforts in behalf of its upbuilding is due
the credit which is so generously bestowed
upon him.

Possessed of natural financial ability, and de-
siring to embark in commercial life, Mr. Crane
in 1887 started the first general merchandise
store in Saticoy, and soon after took as partner
Charles S. Duval, the affairs of the concern
being then conducted under the firm name of
Crane & Duval. This partnership was dis-
solved after eighteen months, and the firm name
then became Crane Brothers, by the addition
of L. P. Crane to the business. From this time
on the interests broadened, and to the other
departments of the store was added the ship-
ping of beans and general produce. The asso-.
ciation of the brothers continued amicably until
1896, when Mr. Virden became the substitute
of the junior brother, and the firm name became
Crane & Virden. In 1898 Mr. Crane bought out
Mr. Virden, and has since been sole manager
and owner of the general merchandise business.
Added to his other responsibilities, Mr. Crane
operates and owns the only livery stable in Sat-
icoy, and in 1899 he became interested in the
oil development, and now owns considerable oil
stock. He has been prominent in the politics of
his town, and in 1896 was elected supervisor on
the Democratic ticket, his term of service cover-
ing four years. He has taken an active part in
the improvement and building up of the town,
and was one of the board and chairman of the
committee who attended to the building of the
Santa Clara river bridge. This same board
erected the present court house, and made

-^^C-^^^;^-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

nil

themselves generally useful in a multitude of
ways. Among their considerate and thoughtful
undertakings should be mentioned the system
inaugurated by them of sprinkling the country
roads.

In 1884 Mr. Crane was united in marriage
with Miss Mary E. Cross, who was born in
Wisconsin, and of this union there are three
children, Cora L., Ella P. and Clarence E.

W. W. MARTIN. Several dififerent sections
of Southern California have profited by the ex-
perience and wise judgment of Mr. Martin, who
since 1889 has been a large land owner and
fruit-grower at Sespe, Ventura county. His
first pvirchase of property in this vicinity was
made from F. C. Howes, of Los Angeles, im-
mediately after which he established himself in
the fruit business. Since then he has, on sev-
eral occasions, bought land from the Sespe Land
and Water Company, and now his possessions
aggregate one hundred and eighty-nine acres,
valued at from $100 to $150 per acre. Without
doubt his orange and lemon grove is one of
the most thrifty in Sespe. In addition, he car-
ries on a nursery business. The majority of
the young trees forming the orchards of this
vicinity have been secured from his nursery, and
he also set out ten thousand trees for the Sespe
Land and Water Company on the Sespe rancho.
In one contract alone, he sold five thousand
lemon trees to this same company, guaranteeing
the growth of the trees, and all of them are now
bearing. On his farm hay, alfalfa and barley are
produced in large quantities. The value of his
land is materially increased by the fact that it
is mostly under irrigation, rendering possible
an abundant supply of water. Besides all of his
other enterprises, for the last three years he has
been president of the Fillmore Irrigation Com-
pany. He is also interested in stock-raising anil
keeps on his place a large number of horses,
notably the Norman-Belgium breed, some of
which weigh as much as fifteen hundred pounds
each.

Coming to California when twelve years of
age, Mr. Martin almost considers himself a na-
tive of the state. He was born in Missouri May
9, 1845, and at twelve years of age settled with
his parents at Solano county, Cal., where his
father died. After attaining his majority he be-
came a farmer in Solano county, continuing
there until 1867, when he moved to Monterey
county. In 1869 he embarked in the dairy busi-
ness near Cambria in San Luis Obispo county.
The year 1871 found him in Los Angeles, soon
after which he bought forty acres near Tustin,
Orange county. In that locality he set out
many orchards of walnuts and oranges, and also
engaged in the nursery business. During the
great boom of 1886-87 he was an enthusiastic
worker and promoter, buying and selling sev-

eral properties. In fact, during his entire active
life, it has been noticeable that he has always
something to sell, and is also ready to buy, being
a land speculator in the best sense of that term.
While living in Orange county he became a di-
rector in the Bank of Tustin, and is still one of
its stockholders. He was also one of a number
of gentlemen who bought the Olive Milling
Company's business at Olive, Orange county, in
addition to which he assisted in organizing the
Tustin Improvement Company and served as
a director in the same until it was disbanded.
Another concern with whose organization he
was identified was the Santa Ana Grand Ave-
nue Improvement Company, and he was also a
director in this until it closed out. From
Orange county in 1889 he came to Ventura
county, which has since been his home.

In Petaluma, Sonoma county, Cal., Mr. Mar-
tin married Miss Barbara J. Keim, a native of
Indiana, and daughter of Benjamin Keim, a
Pennsylvanian, of German descent. Six chil-
dren blessed their union, all born in Orange
county, namely: Ira B., who is postmaster of
Sespe and a merchant of this town ; Leo Rollin,
who is interested in the oil business; Alice
Rosella, Arthur Clyde, Lela Ada, and Guy Ran-
dolph Martin.

The principles of the Republican party have
always received Mr. Martin's stanch support,
both in local and national elections. Person-
ally he stands for the best interests of society
and is a true example of an ideal Californian.
Both by precept and example he has given his
influence toward temperance, and has never
touched liquor or tobacco of any kind. He has
been equally averse to card-playing, and prides
himself on never having touched a card. In-
deed, sobriety and temperance in all things has
been one of the guiding principles of his life,
and the success he has attained may be in part
attributed to his abstemious habits and his in-
tegrity of character.

FRANK E. DAVIS. Having made Santa
Paula his home since 1878, Mr. Davis has been
intimately associated with its progress and ac-
tive in the development of its enterprises. He
was born and reared in \'ermont. and in 1873
crossed the continent to San Francisco, where
for five years he acted in the capacity of gen-
eral manager of the Continental Oil Company.
From San Francisco he came to .Santa Paula
with I. E. Blake and organized the Old ?^Iission
Transfer C)il Company, of which he was elected
president. The company operated on the ex-
mission rancho and was the first to inaugurate
the oil industry in the Santa Clara valley. In-
deed, it was through the efforts of the company
that Hardison and Stewart were led to identify
themselves with this valley in 1883. Early in
1880 they sold out to the Union Oil Company,

1112

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

since which time Mr. Davis has been interested
in different oil companies as a stockholder.

In addition to his various oil interests, Mr.
Davis has been otherwise identified with local
interests. He is a director of the Limoneira
rancho, the Santa Paula Horse and Cattle Com-
pany, and also of the First National Bank of
Santa Paula. For several years he has engaged
in the livery business in his home town. Num-
bered among his real-estate and property hold-
ings is an interest in the Petrolio Hotel build-
ing. Another possession is a ranch of six hun-
dred and forty acres, on which he has about
one hundred head of fine horses, as well as other
stock. At one time he owned Walter J., a cele-
brated pacer. In 1887 he assisted in organizing
the Santa Paula Driving Park Association, in
which he owned an interest.

As a member of the Republican party Mr.
Davis is active in politics. In 1888 he was
elected a member of the county board of super-
visors, and this position he held for eight suc-
cessive years, during four years of which he
served as its chairman. A'arious minor offices
have also been creditably filled by him. At this
writing he is a member of the county central
committee. Fraternally he is connected with
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the
Knights of Pythias, besides being especially ac-
tive in Masonry, as a member of blue lodge,
chapter and commandery, and Al Malakiah
Temple, N. M. S., of Los Angeles. Not only
has he been successful in personal undertak-
ings, but he is also ready and willing to assist
in any plans for the upbuilding of Santa Paula
and is numbered among the prominent men of
this city.

GEORGE COOK. The hfe of },Ir. Cook in
California demonstrates what can be accom-
plished by intelligent and well-directed efforts
in the cultivation of the soil, and his success
furnishes an example and stimulus to all young
men desiring to become citizens of this state.
Coming here from Kansas in the spring of 1881,
he is now engaged in ranching between Mont-
alvo and Ventura. He was born in jMarshall
City, Mich., August 16, 1849, ^"d at five years
of age was taken by his parents to southeastern
Iowa, where the years of his youth were spent
on a farm. His primary education was received
in public schools, after which he attended Prof.
S. L. Howe's private school in Mount Pleasant,
Iowa. On leaving school he began to teach,
which occupation he followed for five succes-
sive winters, meantime engaging in farming
during the summer months. In 1879 he went
to Smith county, Kans., and took up a home-
stead, where he remained almost three years.
Before leaving Iowa he had been united in mar-
riage with Miss Emma Smith. Four daughters,
all living, were born of their union, and they

also had one son who died in early childhood.

At the time of coming to California Mr. Cook
had little money and he was also hampered by
sickness in his family, but by his persistent and
untiring eft'orts to win a place for himself, aided
and encouraged by his faithful wife, he steadily
gained a foothold and is now prosperous. It
speaks well for him that he gives his wife credit
for a large measure of his success, realizing
that her intelligent counsel and economical
management of the home have been of the
greatest help to him. It was not until 1891
that he was able to become a property owner.
He then bought fifteen acres of the Collins
ranch, but this he soon sold, and bought sixty-
nine acres where he now resides, between Mont-
alvo and Ventura. By the purchase of addi-
tional property he is now the owner of one
hundred and one acres, and he also rents some
land, operating two hundred and thirty acres
altogether. One hundred and sixty-five acres
are under lima beans, in which industry he is
an expert and authority. He is considered one
of the most capable growers of beans in the
entire valley. Besides this product, he makes a
specialty of raising apricots and has one thou-
sand trees that yield him a large crops of fine
fruit each year. During 1897 he assisted in
organizing the Lima Bean Association of Santa
Clara valley, of which he was president and a
director during its entire existence.

For several years ]\Ir. Cook acted as local
agent for the Eagle Manufacturing Company
of Davenport, Iowa, a house handling all kinds
of agricultural machinery. At this writing he
acts as agent for the California Implement Com-
pany and the Newell Alathews Company, and
since 1893 has devoted a share of his time to
this work, selling several carloads of machinery
m the valley.

Active along political lines, Mr. Cook is a
stanch Republican. For six years he was clerk
of the Montalvo school district and for a sim-
ilar period served as a member of the board
of directors of the union high school of Ven-
tura. His interest in educational matters makes
him ready to lend his aid to all plans for pro-
moting the interests of the schools of his
county. Fraternally he is connected with the
blue lodge and chapter, also the council of Ma-
sons at Ventura. Enterprising and public-
spirited, he is a citizen of whom any communit\
might well be proud.

H. L. BRANDES. As a contractor and ar-
tistic painter Mr. Brandes has no superior in
Santa Barbara county. In the line of mural
decorating and frescoing his work has an old-
world finish, an elegance of motif and harmony
of coloring, possible of acquirement only after
close study in the great cities of Europe, where
masters of decorations have expended their most

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1113

aspiring efforts upon the palaces, churches,
museums and public institutions. The most
effective and beautiful results along this line in
Santa Barbara have been accomplished by Mr.
Brandes, some of whose finest work may be
seen in the Hopkins and Gilbert residences, the
Whitelaw, the Washington school, Dr. Park's
Monticilo, and the nevv' bathhouses. The ma-
terials for painting are purchased in large lots
from the factory, thus insuring the best possi-
ble- results as well as sufficient quantities for
the business carried on by this busy frescoer
and painter.

A native of Elze, Hanover, Germany, Mr.
Brandes comes of a family which trace their
descent through Hanoverian ancestry for sev-
eral centuries. His father, Franz Brandes, was
a shoemaker by trade and died in his native
land; the mother, Johanna (Rodemann) Brandes,
is still living. H. L. Brandes was the youngest
in a family of four children, and the only one
in America. He was born July 15, 1869, and
received his early education in the Collegiate
school of Elze. When thirteen years of age he
was apprenticed to a fresco painter in Hanover,
with whom, he served for three years. Upon
completing his term he traveled as a journey-
man all over Germany, also into Austria. Ow-
ing to the oppression of military duty, in 189 1
he left home and sailed to Australia, the good
ship Erlanger taking its departure from the
Antwerp dock upon a voyage of fifty-six days
through the Mediterranean sea, Suez canal and
Indian ocean. Arriving at his destination ho
followed the occupation of painting in differ-
ent cities, including Petersburg and Geralton,
going thence to Singapore, Java, Japan and
China. After a trip of five months a ship from
Yokohama landed him at Tacoma, Wash., in the
spring of 1897, and he then came to Santa
Barbara. His decision to make this city his
permanent abode he has never had reason to
regret. The lot upon which he built a shop and
where he now transacts business is located on
the corner of Chapala and De la Guerra streets.

GOCHENAUER & FISET, M. D. The pri-
vate sanitarium of Drs. Gochenauer & Fiset in
San Diego has proved a blessing, not merely to
people within a radius of a few hundred miles,
but especially to invalids who have crossed the
continent to receive the benefit of an ideal cli-
mate, together with the services of physicians
of acknowledged skill and ability. The senior
member of the firm. Dr. D. Gochenauer, was
born in Shippensburg, Pa., and at a very early
age began to assist his father, who had large in-
terests in milling, merchandising, dairving and
mining. At the age of sixteen he entered the
militia and for one year served in the quarter-
master's department, after which he was pro-
moted to be first lieutenant of recruiting; officers

a.ssigned to Company G, Two Hundred and
Second Pennsylvania Infantry. Shortly after-
ward he was promoted to be captain of liis com-
pany, and in that ofifice continued until the close
of the Civil war. During one engagement he
was wounded in the hip, and again in the knee.

At the expiration of his military service the
young captain entered medical college in Phil-
adelphia, and in 1868 received the degree of
M. D., after which he began professional prac-
tice at York, Pa. Four years later he went to
New York City in order to have the advantages
for special work which the metropolis afforded.
Eight years were spent there in the midst of
heavy professional responsibilities. From that
city he went to Mexico, where he not onlv
practiced, but also acquired mining interests of
some value. While on a prospecting tour
through California he was so favorably im-
pressed with the ideal climate of San Diego and
its picturesque location on the bay that he de-
cided to establish his home and practice here.
Accordingly he came to the city in 1887 and at
once started into general practice. The follow-
ing year he formed the San Diego Rapid Tran-
sit Street Car Company, of which he was presi-
dent and one of the principal stockholders.
Under the direct oversight of this company was
built the first street car line from Old Town
and University Heights to San Diego. In 1892
he sold his interest to the present company.

As he had been foremost in securing adequate
transportation facilities for San Diego, so also
Dr. Gochenauer was active in other matters of
general importance. Noticing that the superb
climate attracted many seekers after health and
realizing that the city did not have suitable ac-
commodations for such, he purchased from
Louis Weyland a large house on the corner of
•Sixth and Beech streets, and here he established
a sanitarium. The location could not be sur-
passed. The building stands on an elevation of
three hundred feet above the sea, and com-
mands a splendid view of the bay, harbor,
islands, ocean and mountains, besides' overlook-
ing the business part of San Diego. The house
not being large enough for his wants, he added
to it a three-story building, covering about one-
half block. In every detail the establishment is
modern. There are private rooms to accommo-
date forty patients, also two suitably equipped
operating rooms, one electrical room', six baths,
one sterilizing room, a large laundry, spacious
kitchen, and surrounding all are well-kept lawns,
fountains and walks. The large office and re-
ception rooms are retained on the corner of
Sixth and C streets. From the first twenty-four
hours the institution has been self-supporting,
which speaks volimics for the business and ex-
ecutive ability of its founder. The estimation in
which the establishment is held by professional
men is indicated by the following from Dr. J. B.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Murphy, of Chicago, a surgeon of world-wide
fame: "We have nothing finer or more thor-
oughly up-to-date in Chicago. Your rooms are
all neat, cheerful and inviting, and your operat-
ing and sterilizing rooms are as fine as can be
found anywhere. With such superior facilities,
and in an atmosphere that is free from the infec-
tion we have to contend with in large cities, you
are armed with all the advantages possible for
.successful surgery."

Many articles from the pen of Dr. Goche-
nauer have appeared in different publications,
these pertaining especially to the climatic advan-
tages of San Diego. He is a member of the
Elks, Loyal Legion, Foresters and Grand Army
of the Republic, in which latter he is an officer.
For nine consecutive years he has served as
county physician, during the changes of three
administrations, and he is also examining phy-
sician for pensions. In politics he is a stanch
Republican. His marriage united him with Miss
Mary L. Grove, of Baltimore, Md., a grand-
daughter of Judge Tracy, one of the most
famous jurists of that city.

The first partner of Dr. Gochenauer in the
sanitarium was Dr. Ketcham, but at the end of
one year and three months he sold his interest
to Dr. Louis O. Fiset. The latter was born in
Bangor, Me., a son of George and Adaline
Fiset. His literary studies were completed in
the University of Michigan, from which he re-
ceived the degree of A. B. in 1890. Four years
later he was given the degree of M. B. from a
medical college at Toronto, Canada. Immedi-
ately afterward he began to practice at Grand
Forks, N. D., and there held the office of mem-
ber of the board of health for one term and
county physician for two terms. Seeking a
more congenial climate, in 1900 he came to San
Diego, where he has since been connected with,
the sanitarium. He acts as medical examiner
for several insurance companies; in politics
votes with the Democrats, and fraternally is
connected with the Knights of Pythias, Elks
an<l Modern Woodmen of America. By his
marriage to Bessie A. Hornbrooke he has two
children, Eugene George and Adaline Frances.

CHARLES HAROLD GRANGER. The
business interests of Pasadena have a progress-
ive and well-known representative in Mr.
Granger, who acts as the agent in this city for
the Union and National Ice Companies of Los
Angeles. Though of English birth and parent-
age, he has been practically a lifelong resident
of the United States and since the age of fifteen
years has made Pasadena his home, hence is
familiar with the opportunities it offers to
young men of energy and ability. Born in Bed-
fordshire, fifty miles from London, England.
September 7, i86g, he was the youngest of the
ten children of William H. and .\nn (Wilkson)

Granger, natives of the same shire. When
scarcely three years of age he was brought by
his parents to America in 1872, the entire fam-
ily of father and mother and ten children cross-
ing the ocean together and going to Colorado
Springs, Colo. In addition to his mining in-
terests, the father became connected w-ith a
large cattle-raising business in El Paso county
and also conducted a wholesale butcher busi-
ness. For a number of years he was prosperous,
receiving gratifying revenues from his cattle,
his meat business and his mines in the Gun-
nison, Leadville, Durango and Silverton dis-
tricts, but his death, which occurred in Durango,
cut short his activities while he was still in mid-
dle life. His widow, who is a daughter of Wil-
liam Henry Wilkson, a farmer of Bedfordshire,
England, came to Pasadena in 1884 and now
makes her home with her youngest son, Charles
Harold. Three of her children died in Colo-
rado, the survivors being as follows: Mrs. Jane
Hannaford, of Pasadena; Mrs. Richard Knight,
of Durango, Colo.; H. W., a contractor at As-
pen, Colo.; Mrs. Emily Curtis, of Vancouver,
Wash.; Mrs. Julia Poor, also of A^ancouver;
Mrs. Mittie Cashin,of Los Angeles; and Charles
PL, of Pasadena. The last-named was edu-
cated in the public schools of Colorado Springs
and Parker's Academy in Pasadena. His busi-
ness experiences began in 1887, when he se-
cured a position as clerk in Swan's grocery. Two
years later he entered the employ of the Union
Ice Company as their agent, and when the Na-
tional Ice Company also embarked in business
he received a similar appointment from them,
since which time he has had charge of the con-
solidated business. Under his capable over-
sight a steady increase in trade has been estab-
lished, so that now four wagons are in constant
use, and shipments from the factory are made
in carload lots. Besides the position of agent
he is a stockholder and director of the Needles
Smelting Company, which operates a smelter
at Needles, Cal. Both in the Pasadena Board
of Trade and the Merchants' Protective Asso-
ciation he holds membership.

The marriage of Mr. Granger took place in
Pasadena and united him with Miss Florence
Young, who was born in Brockton, Mass., and
received an excellent education in Throop Insti-
tute at Pasadena, having accompanied her
father, J. J., from their eastern home to South
Pasadena in her girlhood. Reared in the Epis-
copal faith she is identified with this denom-
ination and a contributor to its maintenance.
In political views Mr. Granger is a believer in
the policy and platform of the Republican party,
while fraternally he is connected with the
Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Person-
ally he is popular, not onlv in business but also
in social circles, and numbers many friends
among the leading residents of his home city.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1117

M. DeL. TODD. In what is now Ventura
county lies tlie Rancho Santa Paula y Saticoy,
on a portion of which Mr. Todd began general
farming in 1869. There is much of interest as-
sociated with the history of this tract. Origin-
ally granted to Manuel Jimeno April 28, 1840,
seven years later he was given possession of
its thirty thousand acres. The name "Saticoy"'
(said to be the Indian term for "Eureka") is
derived from the Saticoy tribe of Indians, who
made their headquarters at the sprnigs of that
name. Being one of the choicest pieces of land
in the county, the rancho was settled before
much of the other regions and has always been
populated by a high class of residents.

Born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., P'ebruary
13, 1837, Mr. Todd passed his boyhood years on
a farm. Going to Nebraska in 1854, he pre-
empted and proved up on a claim in Cass coun-
ty. After five years on the land, deciding bet-
ter prospects awaited him elsewhere, he started
on horseback, for California. For ten years he
engaged in ranching in Sutter county, from
which place he came to Ventura county October
I, 1869, and bought eighty-six acres of the Santa
Paula y Saticoy Rancho. The entire property
was in wild mustard, no attempt having been
made at improvement. For a few years he made
a specialty of raising cattle and hogs, and the
crops raised on the land were used principally
for feed. Finally, however, he decided that the
land could be used for other purposes and net
greater returns. About 1880 he planted fifty
acres in lima beans, which crop has proved so
profitable that he now realizes about one ton
per acre. In addition he raises standard and
soft shell walnuts of the Placentia, Perfection
and Santa Barbara improved soft shell varieties,
having twenty-five acres of grafted trees. The
crops of the older trees average eight tons to
thirteen acres. The homestead is one of the
most attractive in the Santa Clara valley of the
South, its appearance being enhanced bv the ex-
cellent buildings, shade trees, fruit orchard, and
the air of thrift everywhere noticeable.

The family of Mr. Todd consists of six daugh-
ters and one son, namely: Mrs. .-^lice McGreg-
or, Mrs. Ida Yungling, Mrs. Jessie L. Browne,
Mrs. Edna Puchen, Alarquis de Lafayette Todd,
Beatrice and Ernestine Todd. The oldest
daughter was born of Mr. Todd's marriage to
Mary Beckwith, daughter of A. W. Beckwith.
.-Vfter her death Mr. Todd married Miss Dora
Ricker, who was born in Boston, Alass., and is
a daughter of John G. and Louisa (Hartwell)
Ricker, natives of Maine. In an early day the
Ricker family came from France and settled in
Alaine; the Hartwells were of English extrac-
tion. During the exciting days of '49 John G,
Ricker made the long journey around Cape
Horn from Boston to San Francisco, W'ith
him were three eastern friends; all retnnu-d to

Boston, where two died quite wealthy. In 1854
he settled in Iowa. Coming to the west a sec-
ond time in 1866, he spent a year in Oregon and
then removed to Solano county, Cal. In 1869
he came to Ventura county and settled on a
farm, where he still resides. A Democrat in
politics, he served as supervisor of Ventura
county for three years and, both in Iowa and
California, for years held the office of justice
of the peace.

Fraternally j\lr. Todd is connected with the
Santa Paula lodge of Aiasons; the lodge, en-
campment and canton of Odd Fellows; and is
a charter member of the \'entura County Pi-
oneers' Association. He is an active worker in
the Santa Paula Universalist Church and offi-
ciates as president of its board of trustees. As a
member of the Republican party, he is deeply
interested in public affairs. His party nominat-
ed him for the legislature in the fall of 1896.
Among the local offices held by him is that of
road overseer. For several years he was a mem-
ber of the county central Republican commit-
tee, while he has been a delegate to county and
state conventions. For years he was a mem-
ber of the school board. Realizing the neces-
sity of securing irrigation, in 1871 he assisted
in starting the Farmers' water ditch, and for
years served as a director of the company. The
Lima Bean Association numbers him among its
directors. Among the other important enter-
prises to which he has given his support may
be mentioned the People's Lumber Company,
of which he is a director, acting also as a mem-
ber of the committee that established a branch
yard at Santa Paula. To all movements for the
benefit of the county he gives his hearty sup-
port. In his business undertakings he has been
eminently successful, his present prosperity be-
ing the result of his indefatigable energy, un-
wearied peiseverance and honorable dealings
with all men.

A. A. GARL.AND. Since inaugurating the
business at Xordhoff in which he is now en-
gaged Mr. Garland has gained a deserved and
constantly increasing patronage. It was in
1895 that he began to cater to the merchandise
requirements of the citizens of his adopted
town, and his financial ability, tact and honest
business methods are bringing him desired re-
sults. The store, 24x75 feet, in which his affairs
are conducted, was erected by him and is the
first brick and stone structure built here. In
it may be found a complete line of general ne-
cessities as well as many of the luxuries and
conveniences to be found in an up-to-date and
enterprising establishment in cities larger than
this.

In Green county. Wis., Mr. Garland was born
August 22, 1857, and is a son of .Xddison and
Hannah (Xoble) Garland, natives of Maine

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

During the early '50s the father settled in Wis-
consin, where he engaged in mercantile pur-
suits. After coming to California in 1875 he
started a general mercantile business in which
his son, A. A., assisted as a clerk. So apt was
the latter in acquiring a knowledge of the busi-
ness that in time he became a partner and con-
tinued in that capacity until he removed to
Xordhofif in 1895. The father died at Santa
Barbara in November of 1900, and the mother is
still living in that city. In the family of three
children A. A. was the eldest. He received his
education in public schools and has in later
rears learned much from reading and observa-
tion, until at the present time he is unusually
well informed.

The marriage of Mr. Garland was solemnized
at Santa Barbara in 1882 and united him with
Ida M. Paddock, daughter of Charles Henry
Paddock. Of this union five children were born,
one of whom, Ray Paddock, died at the age of
nine months. The four now living are Ruby,
Eldon, Arthur and Ruth. In politics a Repub-
lican, I\Ir. Garland cast his first presidential vote
for James A. Garfield, and has ever since voted
the straight Republican ticket. With his wife
he is a member of the Unitarian Church in
Santa Barbara, but since coming to NordhoiT he
has usually attended services at the Presbyterian
Church here. Fraternally he is associated with
the Channel City Lodge No. 232, I. O. O. F.,
at Santa Barbara and the Modern Woodmen of
America in Nordhofif.

WALDEMAR G. HANSEN. The industry
with v/hich Mr. Hansen is particularly asso-
ciated is typical of twentieth century progress,
as exemplified in that interesting invention, the
automobile. When he first became proprietor
of the Pasadena machine shop it was limited to
the usual scope of business which its name
suggests, but he has since added an automobile
stable, erecting a building 50x60 feet, in which
he carries a full hue of horseless carriages, both
gasoline, electric and steam. A three-horse
power dynamo is used for the charging of the
electrical apparatus. His specialty is the manu-
facture of the Hansen gasoline engines, of four
and one-half horse power, designed by himself,
and useful not only as motive power for auto-
mobiles, but also for boats in which gasoline
is the propelling power. As a sample of the
jiossibilities of his machine, it may be stated
that he made a trip in his gasoline automobile
from Pasadena to the Yosemite valley, cover-
ing the entire distance of eleven hundred miles
in eleven days.

In Chicago, 111., Mr. Hansen was born Feb-
ruary I, 1879, being a son of Col. L. P. Flan-
scn, represented elsewhere in this volume. In
tlic schools of Chicago he was primarily edu-
cated, and after accompanying his parents to

Pasadena in 1890 he continued his public school
studies. In 1895 he entered the Throop Poly-
technic Institute, where he took a course of
three and one-half years. Meantime he became
interested in mechanical engineering and on
leaving the institute in 1898 he bought an inter-
est in the Pasadena machine shop, of which he
became sole owner in June, 1901. The busi-
ness is the oldest of its kind in the city, having
been started in 189 1, and is now located at No.
37 South Broadway, at the Southern Pacific
depot. The management of the plant and its
increase through the addition of automobiles
consume Mr. Hansen's attention and leave him
little time for participation in public affairs, in
which, indeed, he takes no part other than cast-
ing a Republican vote at local and general elec-
tions.

JAMES H. WHITE. In common with a
majority of the residents of Moneta, Mr. White
is interested in the berry business. When he
came to this portion of Los Angeles county in
February, 1895, he bought eleven acres of
partly improved land, and this he placed under
cultivation to apples, strawberries, dewberries
and Logan berries, together with other fruits.
While the care of his vines and trees engages
much of his attention, he also finds time to man-
age his poultry yard and sells large quantities of
eggs in the markets; besides this he has four
cows and sells milk.

Near Leavenworth, Ind., Mr. White was
born July 9, 1840, being a son of Richard and
Barbara (Harmon) White. The former, who
was a native of Tennessee, settled in Indiana
at an early period and bought a tract of wild
land which he brought under excellent cultiva-
tion. During the pioneer days of Iowa, in
1841, he removed to that state, where he bought
and improved a farm of two hundred and forty
acres. On that homestead his death occurred
in 1847 at fifty-si.x years of age. His wife was
born near Lexington, Ky., and died in Iowa.
They were the parents of ten children, the
youngest being James FI. White, of Moneta.
When a boy he not only attended public school,
but also had college advantages. At the open-
ing of the Civil war, in 1861, he enlisted in the
Second Missouri State Militia, and later was
assigned to the Third Iowa Cavalry, which was
sent south and took part in about forty engage-
ments with the Confederates. After an honor-
able service in defence of the Union he was
discharged June 26, 1865.

Resuming the avocations of civic life, Mr.
White carried on a real estate business at Mem-
phis. Mo., for two years, after which he taught
school for twelve years near Macon, that state.
A later occupation was the cultivation of a
farm in Iowa, from which state he came to Cal-

iIISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1119

ifornia January 24, 1887, and settled in Mon-
rovia. This now thriving section of the state
was then wholly unimproved and sparsely set-
tled, its resources being as yet unknown. He
purchased two and one-half acres of orange
land, and improved and cultivated the prop-
erty, but after_a few years sold out and removed
to Moneta.

The marriage of Mr. White occurred in Van
Buren county, Iowa, and united him with Miss
Susan C. Elliott, who was born in Muskingum
county, Ohio, her parents being John and Eliza-
beth (Buchanan) Elliott, natives respectively of
Ohio and Pennsylvania. Her grandfather, Wil-
liam Elliott, was of Irish birth and Scotch de-
scent. When a young man he crossed the
ocean to America and settled in Ohio, where
he took up unimproved farming land. At the
age of seventy years he died on his Ohio farm.
In 1852 John Elliott removed from Ohio to
Iowa and settled near Birmingham, Van Buren
county, where he first bought a quarter sec-
tion of farm land and later added forty acres
of timber land one-half mile from town. When
he died, in 1890, his body was interred in the
cemetery which he had deeded to the town. His
wife had accompanied her parents to Ohio when
twelve years of age. and from there came to
Iowa. In i8g6 she came to California to make
her home with her daughter, Mrs. White, in
Moneta, and here her death occurred in Decem-
ber, 1901, when she was eighty-seven years of
age. Mrs. White received fair educational ad-
vantages and is a lady of refinement, an active
worker in the Woman's Relief Corps, and a
generous and kindly helper of those in need.
By her marriage to Mr. White one child was
born, a daughter, IMintie. who is now the wife
of Prof. R. J. Rogers, of Moneta. Fraternally
Mr. White is connected with the Ancient Order
of United Workmen, the Degree of Honor and
the Grand Army of the Republic.

S. M. WALKER. There arc few men in
Southern California whose life occupation has
permitted of such extended and interesting travel
as has fallen to the lot of S. M. Walker, who has
the reputation of knowing all there is to know
about boilers and their manipulation. Followin.t;
up years of practical experience in near and re-
mote corners of the American continent, he es-
tablished on Main street, Los Angeles, in March
of 1900, the pioneer boiler works of the city,
where in the midst of a ceaseless and deafening
din are turned out all kinds of boilers and oil and
water tanks. He is the fortunate inventor of
several modern and up-to-date tools whicli
greatly facilitate his work, but which have never
been patented. His shop is one of the most com-
plete in Los Angeles, having a full cnniplenient
nf electric and other iiiachinri} . iiichidini;

motors, power punches, drill press, air com-
pressor, and bolt cutters.

A native of Chillicothc, Ross county, Ohio, Mr.
AValker was born on his father's farm, August
19, 1855, and was educated at the public schools,
and at the German Lutheran College. His
father, Edwin P. Walker, was also born in Ross
county, whither his forefathers had removed
irom Virginia at a very early day. The family
were represented in the Revolutionary war by
the paternal greatgrandfather. Edwin P. Walker
removed from Ohio to Elkhart, III, and engaged
in the mercantile business until the beginning of
the war, when he volunteered in Company I, One
Hundred and First Illinois Infantry. After three
years of active service he was captured by the
Confederates and sent to Andersonville, from
which he succeeded in escaping, only to be forced
to live, until reaching the Union lines, in the
deadly malarial swamps, from which he soon
after contracted a fatal fever. He married Anna
Elder, who was born at Frankfort, Ky., on the
old Elder plantation, a daughter of Isaac Elder,
who was killed in the Indian war. Mrs. Walker.
who now resides in Los Angeles, is the mother of
three children, of whom S. M. is the only one
living.

In 1874 Mr. W^alker discontinued his studies
at the German Lutheran College, in order to fit
himself for future financial independence. For
a time he was employed in the boiler shops of
Wilson & Drake, on Tenth and Washington
streets, and later completing his trade at Jack-
sonville, 111., in the Jacksonville Boiler works.
In 1876 he took charge of the \'ulcan Iron
Works, at St. Joseph, Mo., and in 1882 came to
Los Angeles in charge of the boiler department
of the Baker Iron Works, on Second and Main
streets. Six months later he bought out the
boiler works and ran it for six months, when lie
organized the Union Iron Works, of which he
became manager and one of the proprietors. In
1884 he assumed charge of the Alhambra Gold
and Silver Mining Compan\-, at Hawdey, Cal.,
and was later in the employ of the Santa Fe
Railroad Company at National City, a position
which he resigned at the end of four years. A
later venture was with the Mexican Central Rail-
road at Chihuahua. Mexico, after which he went
to the city of Mexico and undertook the manage-
ment of the Mexican National Railroad boiler
shops. This position was resigned to take the
contract of the Mexican government at Vera
Cruz, but, owing to the prevalence of yellow
fever, he departed for Havana, Cuba, from
where he took the steamer to .Aspinwall. The
climate there was anything but satisfactory, and
the prospects even less so, which led Mr. Walker
to migrate to Point Lemon, .South .Vmerica, and
later to Galveston. Tex. .At F^igle Pass, Tex..
he took charge nf the Mexican International
Boiler .Shops. M;ircli 17. iS.^), -.ml while then-

1120

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

had one hundred and seventy-five men under
him. In 1894 he traveled to \'ellerdenia, Mex-
ico, and had charge of the boiler department of
the \'ellerdenia Milhng and Smelting Company
for a year, and from there went to Durango Cit\-,
Mexico, and had charge of the Durango Iron and
Steel Company's boiler and blacksmith shop for
a year. This position was resigned to take up a
contract with Maximillio Damm in the state of
Durango, Mexico, to overhaul his whole plant,
a task that was satisfactorily completed in one
year. He then opened an engineer supply
house and had a fine business, and afterwards
obtained a concession from the Mexican gov-
erimient to open a foundry and machine shop in
Torreon, state of Coujhouila. This enterprise
was placed on a substantial footing, and disposed
of in 1898 to a large syndicate, and ]Mr. Walker
then returned to Los Angeles, which has since
been his home. His ranch of seven and a half
acres, two blocks northeast of the city limits, was
set out in various kinds of fruit, and devoted to
general horticulture, and it is at present the
home of ]\Ir. Walker and his family, who live in
a comfortable and convenient house, with beauti-
ful surroundings.

The first marriage of Air. Walker was con-
tracted in Los Angeles with Qara Van Buskirk,
of Bloomington, and who died in El Paso, Te.x.
The present Mrs. Walker was formerly Mrs.
Janet (Kenwood) Essery. who was born near
"Plymouth. Cornwall, England, a daughter of
William Henwood, representative of an old
Cornish family. The father was a dry-goods
merchant in Callington for over forty years, and
died after his retirement from business, in Lon-
don, England. His wife, Mary (Davis) Hen-
wood, who also died in London, was a first
cousin of Sir Henry Lippincott. Of the six
children boni to Mr. and Mrs. Henwood, two
are in America, Mrs. Walker, and Mrs. Cran-
well Tucker, of Denver, Colo. Another daugh-
ter married an American, Arthur Sheridan Lee.
who is now Doctor of Divinity at Cambridge Col-
lege, England. Mrs. Walker went to Canada
when quite young with her aunt. Mrs. Hall, and
was educated in the convent at Toronto. She
then returned to London and married John Es-
sery, a civil engineer and surveyor of London, and
who came to San .-Xntonio. Tex., where his death
eventually occurred. Mrs. Essery then came to
I^s Angeles, where she lived until her marriage
to Air. Walker in 1894. To Mr. Walker's first
marriage were born two children, Viola and
Jessie. Mr. Walker is fraternally associated
with the Independent Order of ( )dd Fellows in
the city of Mexico; the Knights of Pythias, of
which he is chancellor ; the Ancient Order of
United Workmen, of which he is ])ast master
workman ; and the Select Knights, of which he
assisted in forming the first lodge on the Pacific
coast. He is also a .Mason, and a meniher of llie

Eagle Pass (Texas) Lodge No. 85. Politically
he is a Republican. Mrs. Walker is affiliated
with the Episcopal Church.

WILLIAM J. HESS. Previous to coming
to Pasadena in 1887 Mr. Hess had for years
been connected with building and political in-
terests in his native state of Michigan, where
he was born near St. Joseph, Berrien county,
June 6, 1839. He was the oldest son in the
family of twelve children born to George and
Alary (Higbee) Hess, the father a native of
Westmoreland county, Pa., and the mother born
near Syracuse. N. Y. George Hess settled first
near Bucyrus. Crawford county. Ohio, and in
1836 removed to Alichigan. while that locality
was still a territory. The land upon which he set-
tled in the very early days became a well im-
proved farm, and in connection with the im-
provement thereof he followed his trade as
carpenter and builder. He was public spirited
and enterprising and held various township of-
fices, including those of supervisor and treas-
urer, and he was well and favorably known in
the county where he lived to be eighty-seven
years old. His wife was also an early settler of
Michigan, having removed to the territory with
her father in 1834. She lived to be sixty-two
years old, and of her twelve children eleven
attained maturity and are still living.

While living on the paternal farm in Michi-
gan William J. Hess attended the public schools
and also spent two years at Albion College. .\t
the age of seventeen he began teaching school,
and for the following eight years employed his
winters in teaching and his summers in working
in the harvest fields. In the meantime he had
acquired a fair knowledge of the carpenter busi-
ness from his father, and when very young had
become proficient in the use of tools. After
leaving the farm he devoted his entire time to
carpentering, in which capacity he was unus-
ually successful during his five years' residence
in St. Joseph. Mich. He then removed to
Ouincy, and later to Coldwater. and while in
the latter place did a large business in residence,
church and school buildings. Near Quincy he
erected the S. D. Kimbark carriage factory, and
for many years was councilman of the town.
He was at one time identified with building in
Benton Harbor, and served as citv assessor for
seven years.

In the fall of 1887 Mr. Hess came to Cali-
fornia and after living a year in Los Angeles
settled in Pasadena, where he established a
building and contracting business. He was for-
merly an architect as well as builder, but of late
years has devoted his energies almost exclu-
sively to contracting. Among the buildings in
Pasadena for which he has contracted are the
Spaulding Hotel, the Casa Grande Hotel, the
Earl, .Staats. Lacv, and Alerwin residences, be-

fi ci: ^Uj^ri^Mj

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1123

sides school houses and business blocks all over
the city. He has erected some of the finest and
most artistic homes in the city, and has the
reputation of being one of the best in his line
in Los Angeles county.

While a resident of St. Joseph, JMich., Mr.
Hess was united in marriage with Miss S. J.
Weir, a native of Milan, Mich., and of the chil-
dren born of this union three are living: Car-
rie is now Mrs. J. W. Henley, of Los Angeles;
Arleigh C. is an electrician in Seattle, Wash.;
and Harry W. is a m.usician of Pasadena. Mr.
Hess is a Republican in national and local poli-
tics, and in fraternal affiliation is a member of
the Ancient Order of LTnited Workmen. He is
one of the best known builders in the city and
enjoys the confidence and esteem of his fellow
craftsmen as well as the community at large.

BENJAMIN F. THOMAS. The family rep-
resented by this influential attorney of San'. a
Barbara was established in America by his
great-grandfather, a Welshman, who settled on
a plantation in Virginia and served during the
Revolutionary war in the colonial army. James,
a son of this pioneer, was born in Virginia, and
removed to Ohio county, Ky., but about 1830
became an early settler of Lewis county. Mo.
He married a Miss Miller, a native of South
Carolina, and of German descent. When si.xty-
five years old, in 1855, he crossed the plains to
California via Salt Lake, where he was met by
his son, Massey. His last years were spent
in CaHfornia, where he died. In religion he
was a Baptist and a man of deep Christian be-
lief and experiences.

Massey Thomas was born in Ohio county,
Ky., in 1813, and became a farmer of Lewis
county. Mo. In 1849 he crossed to California,
via ox-train, and after mining for a short time,
turned his attention to freighting and merchan-
dising, with a brother-in-law, John Bain. In
the fall of 1 85 1 he returned east via Panama and
New Orleans, but in the spring of 1853 left Mis-
souri permanently, selling all his interests there.
With his family and with four hundred head of
cattle he had bought, he traveled via Council
Blufifs, up the Platte, via the Humboldt route,
and through Carson City to Sonora, Cal., where
he rested his cattle. Buying land in Gilroy,
Santa Clara county, he engaged in stock-rais-
ing, and besides cattle he raised fine Percheron
and Clydesdale horses. The drought of 1864
forced him to move his cattle, and he soon after
sold them. Thenceforward until his death he
devoted himself to general farming. In religion
he was a member of the Christian Church. In
politics he affiliated with the Whigs during the
existence of that party, and afterward became a
Democrat. His death occurred in April, njoo.
The marriage of Massey Thomas united him
with Phoebe Bane, who was born near Lexing-

ton, Ky., and died in California in 1892. Her
grandfather, a Revolutionary soldier, was of
French descent. Her father, who was a pioneer
of Missouri, married a Miss Reynolds, of a New
England family. Ten children comprised the
family of JNIassey and Phoebe Thomas, nine of
whom attained maturity, namely: James Bald-
win, who was the first student to enter Harvard
University from California and who died in
1859, at the close of his sophomore year; Susan,
Mrs. Hartsough, of Fresno county; T. R., a
grain merchant, who died in Gilroy; William,
who was a farmer at Hollister, but died at Gil-
roy; John, a farmer living near Hollister; B. F.,
of this sketch; Massey, Riley and Charles E.,
who are farmers near Gilroy.

Near Monticello, Lewis county. Mo., B. F.
Thomas was born February 22, 1846. In 1853
he was brought to California. His education
was obtained in the Gilroy public schools, and
the San Jose Institute and Commercial Col-
lege, of which Freeman Gates was principal.
On leaving school he began the studv of law
with S. A. Barker, of San Jose, and P. B. Tully,
ex-Member of Congress from Gilroy. January
12, 1874, he was admitted to the bar in Sacra-
mento, after an examination in open court. An
appointment as agent of the Guadalupe ranch
for Theodore LeRoy led Mr. Thomas to come
to Santa Barbara county in 1874, and the posi-
tion he held for two years, meantime selling the
first land to a colony of four Swiss who bought
about two thousand acres. In the fall of 1873
he was elected district attorney of Santa Barbara
county, and took the office in March, 1876, fill-
ing the same for a term. Since then he has
continuously engaged in the practice of law.
He was a member of the Board of Freeholders
that framed the first charter of Santa Barbara,
but the charter was defeated at that time. A
few years later he was again elected to that
board and again assisted in framing the organic
law of the city. This time it was adopted, on
the approval of the legislature. In addition to
his residence, on the corner of Santa Barbara
and Mission streets, he owtis ranch property in
San Luis Obispo county and a ranch at Gilroy.
where he has forty acres in prunes.

In Guadaloupe Mr. Thomas married Miss
Georgia H. Owen, who was born near Spring-
field. Mo., and received an excellent education
in the San Jose Normal School. During the
"50s her father. P. B. Owen, crossed the plains
and settled in Sonoma county, Cal. The chil-
dren of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas are named as
follows: LeRoy, who died at fourteen years;
Leona C. who possesses considerable talent as
an artist and was formerly a student in Mills
College, but is now a special student in Hop-
kins Art School, San Francisco; Reginald, a
member of the high school class of 1901 : and
Cecil T. The familv are connected with the

112-i

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Christian Church, in which Uv. Thomas is a
member of the board of trustees and the build-
ing committee. Several times he has served as
chairman of the county central committee of
the Democratic party. While in Gilroy he was
made a Mason, and after coming to Santa Bar-
bara he was for eleven years master of the blue
lodge here, also high priest of the Royal Arch
Chapter for four years, and for two terms emi-
nent commander of St. Omar Commandery No.
30, K. T. In the lodge of Ancient Order of
United Workmen, he is past master workman.

CAPT. CHARLES H. HOWLAND. From
the earliest period of New England history the
Howland family had its representatives in
America, three brothers, Arthur, Henry and
John, having come to this country from Essex
county, England. John accompanied Governor
Carve'r in the Mayflower in 1620 and afterward
married Elizabeth Tilley, who was a fellow-pas-
senger on that historic ship. A short time aft-
erward Arthur and Henry joined their brother
in the Plymouth colony. The descendants of
Henry lived in the vicinity of Duxbury and
Dartmouth, Mass., until 1790, when Peleg
moved to Dutchess county, N. Y. Zoeth, a son
of Henry, was killed by Indians at Pocasset m
1676 during King Philip's war. Later genera-
tions proved themselves to be equally valorous
and freely offered their services to the country
in times of war. Franklvn Howland enlisted in
the Union army at New York April 19, 1861,
and was wounded in the first battle of Bull Run.
After serving a year in the army of the Poto-
mac he was assigned to duty in the department
of the south with the Ninth Army Corps, and,
being captured by the Confederates, was for al-
most a year imprisoned in Libby and Salisbury
(N. C.) orisons and at New Orleans.

Descended from Henry Howland, one of the
original emigrants, was Jonathan Howland, a
lawyer at Cape Vincent, Jefferson county, N. Y.,
where he died in 1841. His son, Frederick
Aiken Howland, was born on Carlton Island in
the St. Lawrence river, in 1827. Joining his
three older brothers at Toronto, Canada, in
1843, with them he engaged in building; up a
large milling and manufacturing business in that
city. His brother, Sir William Pierce Howland,
was finance minister of Canada in 1862-63, re-
ceiver-general in 1863-64, postmaster-general
in 1864-66, minister of inland revenue in 1867-
68, and lieutenant-governor of the province of
Ontario from 1868 to 1873. when he was made
a knight of the Order of the Bath. On his re-
tirement from public life, in 1879. he received
from Queen Victoria, as a reward for his serv-
ices, the Order of St. Michael and St. George.
The marriage of Frederick Aiken Howland
united him with Matilda Musson, who was born
and reared in Ontario, her father having gone

there from England and settled on a large es-
tate near Toronto. Six children were born of
their union, four of whom are living, three sons
and the only daughter making their homes in
Los Angeles, while the remaining son is in On-
tario and holds the position of president and
general manager of the Irondale. Bancroft and
Ottawa Railway. Of the sons, Charles H. was
born near Toronto March 25, i863,and received
his education principally in Upper Canada Col-
lege, in that city. It was his intention to learn
the milling business in all of its details, but a
short period of work showed him that the dust
was proving injurious to his health. On leav-
ing the mill he traveled though the Northwest-
ern territory, where, as yet, no railroad had been
built. In 1881-82 he acted as assistant on astro-
nomical survey for the Canadian government
through JNIanitoba and the Northwest, after
which, from 1882 to 1884, he was with the Hud-
son Bay Company as land inspector. During
that period he once met Sitting Bull, of whom
he retains a vivid recollection. Seeking Cali-
fornia in 1884, he settled in Los Angeles, where
he now makes his home. For a few years he
was employed in surveying and civil, engineer-
ing, and later turned his attention to ranching.
He was one of the organizers of the Conserva-
tive Life Insurance Company of Los Angeles,
and at this writing is a director in the Broad-
way Bank and Trust Company. After coming
to Los Angeles he was married, in 1888, to Miss
Grace Freeman, and they reside at Inglewood.
In religious belief both are Episcopalians.
Politically Captain Howland is a Republican.
On the organization of Troop D he entered the
National Guard of California as a private in the
same. From the ranks he was promoted step
by step. September 21, 1897, the governor
commissioned him captain of the troop for two
years, but he continued in the office until 1900.
when he resigned. During his term as captain
Troop D volunteered for the Spanish war, but,
being a cavalry company, was not accepted.

R. C. TRUAX. A long and honorable antl
most exemplary railroad career has been that
of R. C. Truax, without doubt one of the most
successful and experienced men in his line in
Southern California. Through all the different
stages he has worked his way up to the respon-
sible position of conductor, and covering a
period of more than thirty years has been sin-
gularly exempt from the difficulties which
often accompany a railroad career. Strange to
say he has never had an accident, nor has he
been summoned to court for trial or as a wit-
ness. Even granted that good luck was on his
side, this is certainly a remarkable showing,
and would seem to indicate a world of common
sense and wide knowledge of his many-sided
calling.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1125

A native of Canandaigua, N. Y., Mr.
Truax was born July 21, 1846, and comes of
Scotch ancestry. His father, John, was a native
of the same place, and while living in New York
was overseer of the Gregg estate in Canandai-
gua. At an early day he settled in Hillsdale
county, Mich., about 1854, from which state he
enlisted for service in the Civil war, first in
the First Coldwater Battalion, and afterwards
in Company D, Second Michigan Volunteer In-
fantry. He saw very hard service and suffered
many deprivations, and eventually died from the
long-continued strain. On the maternal side
Mr. Truax is descended from Gen. Benjamin
Wells, one of the most courageous and persist-
ent of those who fought upon the battlefields
of the Revolution. This was the great-grand-
father of Ann Wells, the mother of Mr. Truax,
who was born in New York state, a daughter
of Benjamin Wells, a farmer in New York and
afterwards in Michigan. Mrs. Truax, who died
in Texas on the way to California, was the
mother of eight children, four sons and four
daughters, of whom two sons are now deceased,
R. C. being the youngest son living. Another
son, Jerome, is living in Toledo, Ohio.

Mr. Truax was reared in Michigan and edu-
cated in the public schools, and in 1862 enlisted
in Company D, Second Michigan Volunteer In-
fantry, and served in the army of the Potomac,
participating in many of the important battles
of the war, mcluding Spottsylvania, the Wilder-
ness and Cold Harbor. In the latter named
battle he was wounded in the left hip and was
laid up in the hospital for a year, and was hon-
orably discharged at the end of the war. Upon
returning to Hillsdale, Mich., he attended
school for eighteen months, and then began his
railroad career as brakeman on the Lake Shore
& Michigan Southern Railroad, running be-
tween Toledo and Elkhart. He was in time
promoted to be a conductor, and thus put in his
time until 1883. He then came to California
on a visit to his wife's relatives, and being favor-
ably impressed with the climate and general
prospects, decided to henceforth cast his for-
tunes with the less worn activity of the west.
The Southern Pacific road offered him a posi-
tion as brakeman to begin with, but after three
months he was promoted to conductor, and
since 1887 he has run on the Long Beach divis-
ion. This has been his home since that year,
and he has built a fine residence and is pcr-
manentlv located in this town.

In Grand Rapids, Mich., February 14. i-*^7--
he married Jennie A. Stevens, a native of Bak-
ersfield, Vt.," and sister of G. A. Stevens, of this
town. Of this union there are four children.
viz.: Bertha, who is a graduate of tlie Pomona
College, and is now the wife of B. Bellows, of
Dakota City, Iowa; J. Wells, who is a graduate
of the Long Beach high school and is now em-

ployed by the Southern Pacific Railroad Com-
pany at Pasadena; Harry, who is a graduate of
the Woodbury Business College of Los An-
geles, and is an operator with the Santa Fe
Railroad at Winslow, Ariz.; and Viva, who is
living at home. Mr. Truax is fraternally asso-
ciated with the Knights of Pythias. In politi-
cal affiliation he is a Republican, but has never
devoted any time to office-holding. Mrs. Truax
is connected with the Rathbone'Sisters, Order
of Maccabees, and is an officer of the Relief
Corps. Mr. Truax is possessed of many admir-
able characteristics, is well read, enterprising,
and one of the most highly esteemed citizens of
Long Beach.

THOMAS STORY. Few among the people
now living in Burbank district have been iden-
tified with its interests for a longer period than
has Mr. Story, and probably no one has main-
tained a deeper interest in its development and
progress. When he arrived at the present site
of Burbank, October 8, 1876, the surrounding
country was a desert in which few attempts had
been made at improvement. Hence his work
was that of a pioneer. As a man of business he
has been energetic, while his work as a farmer
and stockman bears comparison with that of
any other successful cattle-grower or agricul-
turist in his neighborhood.

In Waterloo, Seneca county, N. Y., Thomas
Story was born July 7, 1850, a son of Amos
and Cornelia (Smith) Story, natives of the same
county as himself. About 1854 the family re-
moved to Michigan and settled on a farm in
Kent county, where the father hoped to build
up a large estate and gain financial success.
Death, however, soon brought an end to his
hopes, for he passed away when only thirty-two
years of age. His widow and five little children
were left with only limited means, but for a
time they kept together, the mother working
for the chilren until they were old enough to
care for her. Thomas was taken into his grand-
mother's home in Seneca county, N. Y., and
cared for by her until he was twelve. In 1862
he came to California with an uncle. Hiram
Smith, who settled at Donner Lake and took up
a timber claim. Three years later the family
moved to Placer county in the mines of Todd's
valley. .About a year later Mr. Story- secured
work with A. A. Pond & Co.. who owned a
store and large mines there, and until he was
nineteen he drove a team for the company.

During 1869 Mr. Storv came to Southern
California, where at first he worked on a grain
farm and then rented land, after which he made
a start for himself at Burbank. buying a squat-
ter's right to seventy-eight and one-half acres
one mile northwest of the village. This he im-
proved and cultivated. On the subdividing of
the Burbank ranch, a portion of which he had

1126

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

previously rented, he bought forty acres of the
tract, and this he later sold, together with his
farm, to the West Los Angeles Water Com-
pany. Having disposed of that property he
bought another forty acres. In 1898 he opened
a livery and sales stable, and for a year also con-
ducted' a dairy business, since which time he has
given his attention principally to dealing in
stock and land. At this writing he owns twenty-
five acres at the foot of the hills, one mile from
Burbank, under cultivation. x-Vfter coming to
this locality he married Miss Emma Fisher, who
was born in Ohio, and in girlhood accompanied
her father, Henry Fisher, to California, settling
on a ranch in Burbank district. They have two
sons, Henry Amos and Walter A. The family
attend the 'Methodist Episcopal Church and
I\Irs. Story is an active worker in the congre-
gation, interested in various of its societies and
a contributor to its maintenance. Not being a
politician, Mr. Story considers his duty as a citi-
zen discharged when he casts a Republican bal-
lot at local and general elections, and has not
sought the honors of office for himself. In fra-
ternal relations he is connected with the Inde-
pendent Order of Foresters.

C. N. STANLEY. The first of the Stanley
family to settle in America came from England
and established his home in North Carolina.
Lewis, a son of this immigrant, and a native of
North Carolina, became a farmer in Indiana,
making his home first in Fayette county and
later in Hancock county. By his marriage to
Mary Ann Johnson, who was born in Tennes-
see and died in Indiana, there were born four-
teen children, all but two of whom attained
maturity, and ten are now living. Three sons
participated in the Civil war, namely: John, of
Indianapolis; Thomas and Van B., all of whom
were members of the Seventy-ninth Indiana
Infantry. The color-bearer of the regiment
being shot down at Chickamauga, Thomas
picked up the flag and carried it through the
battle; he was afterwards killed in a skirmish at
Missionary Ridge. Van B. fell while fighting
for his country at Stone River. The sixth in
the family circle was C. N., who was born in
Fayette county, Ind., March 4, 1846. On at-
taining his majority he went to Illinois and
began farming in McLean county. Two years
later (i86g) lie removed to Jackson county. Mo.,
and settled on a farm near Hickman's Mills.
During the pioneer days of Kansas he became
identified with the history of that state, and in
1871 began carpentering at Humboldt. Allen
county. Difring 1873 he removed to Chicago,
111., where he followed his trade for nine months.
His next location was Indianapolis. Ind., where
he worked at contracting and building for many
vears, meantime having contracts for many fine

residences, substantial business blocks and the
city hall.

Near Jacksonville, 111., Mr. Stanley married
Miss Mary Rex, who was born in Indiana and
died in Pasadena, Cal. Two children were born
of that union, of whom Florence died in infancy,
and Eva G. is Mrs. Charles E. Rice, of Pasadena.
The second marriage of !Mr. Stanley took place
in Pasadena and united him with Mrs. Sarah
(Michels) Clatterbuck, a native of West Vir-
ginia. Two children bless this union, Lewis and
Earle. By her union with Mr. Michels there
was one son, George.

During 1887 Mr. Stanley came to California,
since which time he has followed contracting
and building in Pasadena. Among the contracts
he has had in this city are those for the Hopkins
and other blocks, and numerous fine residences,
besides which he built the First National Bank
building of Monrovia and the jNIonroe block.
Since coming west he has been made a ]\Iason
in Pasadena Lodge No. 272, F. & A. M. His
enthusiastic support of Democratic principles
makes him an influential member of his party in
local politics, and he is now rendering able
service as the representative of his ward in the
city committee and also as a member of the
county centr&l committee.

FRANK A. SEABERT. The Seabert fam-
ily was founded in America by Philip A. Sea-
bert, Sr., who, as an officer in Bonaparte's
army, suffered the fate of the adherents of the
Napoleonic empire and was forced to flee from
France, the home of his ancestors and his own
native land. Seeking refuge in Canada, he spent
the remainder of his life far from the unquiet
scenes of his early manhood. The large prop-
erty which he owned in France was confiscated,
and his descendants have endeavored fruitlessly
to regain its possession. His son, Philip, Jr.,
was born in Gascony, and accompanied his
father to Canada after the battle of Waterloo.
Later he became a prominent lawyer and states-
man of Vermont, led in the work of the Demo-
cratic party, and served four terms as a member
of the Vermont legislature, afterward declining
a nomination for the senate. Through his ef-
forts a law was passed limiting a legal day"s
work to ten hours. His death occurred in Gas-
cony, whither he had been called in connection
with litigation for the recovery of the family
estate.

In Brattleboro, \'t.. Frank A. Seabert was
born April 17. 1838. His education, begun un-
der private tutors, was continued in Heathcote
school. Brown's .'\cademy, and Harvard Col-
lege. For a time he studied medicine in Belle-
vue Medical College and Hospital, but the fail-
ure of his health forced him to abandon his
studies. After a long rest and the full recovery
of his health he entered the Polvtechnic School

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1129

at Troy, N. Y., where he took a full course in
civil engineering. Afterward he entered the
railroad service, being first with the Vermont
Central Railroad, and later with the Delaware,
Lackawanna & Western Road. At the opening
of the Civil war he responded to the call for
ninety-day men. At the expiration of that time
he enlisted in Company C, Seventh Pennsyl-
vania Reserves, and later assisted in organiz-
ing the One Hundred and Forty-ninth Penn-
sylvania Infantry Bucktails. From the ranks
he was gradually promoted until he reached
the office of brevet-colonel, being mustered out
as such in 1865. During his service in the army
of the Potomac he was several times wounded,
but never seriously.

The railroad life of Mr. Seabert began with
his entering the service of the Vermont Central
road. A later position took him to Scranton,
Pa., where he was employed on the Delaware,
Lackawanna & Western Railroad. For a time
he was a member of the civil engineering corps,
next was track master and assistant superin-
tendent, and later became superintendent, which
last position he filled for fifteen years, having
charge of the division at Buffalo, N. Y. Mean-
while for seven years he was a member of the
Buffalo board of education, for six years was a
director in the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation and chairman of its railroad department,
also served as a trustee of Fitch Institute, trus-
tee of the Calvary Presbyterian Church, presi-
dent of the Eagle Loan and Trust Company, a
member of the committee of management of
Fitch Hospital, president of the Western New
York Car Service Association, and one of the
committee that framed the rules and by-laws
of the association.

The pressure of heavy responsibilities under-
mined Mr. Seabert's health and in 1894 he came
to California, where he soon regained his
strength. He then entered the Southern Pacific
service as assistant superintendent of the Tuc-
son division of six hundred and forty miles.
However, the extreme heat of the desert proved
so trying that he resigned and returned to Cali-
fornia, settling at Redondo, where he has since
engaged in the general mercantile business.
While this is a complete change from railroad-
ing, in which he met with such striking suc-
cess, he has proved himself a man of diversified
gifts, able to conduct different enterprises suc-
cessfully. Several clerks are employed to as-
sist him in the business, and a full line of gen-
eral supplies is carried. He is a member of the
executive committee of the Affiliated Retail
Grocers' Association of Southern California,
and was largely instrumental in organizing the
Redondo Board of Trade, of which he has
served as president. From the organization of
the Republican party he has been firm in his
allegiance to its principles. In religion he is

of the Presbyterian faith. While living in Penn-
sylvania he married Miss Mary E. Bird, who was
born in New Jersey and from there in childhood
moved to Pennsylvania with her father, Wil-
liam Bird, an extensive farmer. Born of their
union were two children, namely: Jennie T.
and Charles P., who is engaged in mining in
Arizona, where Mr. Seabert himself has various
important gold and silver mining interests.

T. R. FINLEY. The legal prestige of Santa
Maria is well sustained by T. R. Finley, attor-
ney-at-law, who has a deserved reputation and
popularity by reason of a thorough adaptation
to the requirements and amenities of his profes-
sion. A Californian by birth and training, he
was born in Santa Rosa June 3, 1854, and is a
son of William H. and Ann J. (Maze) Finley,
natives of Kentucky and Tennessee re-
spectively. Generations ago the Finley family
resided in Scotland, and from there crossed the
ocean to North Carolina, where among their
members were many representative and hon-
ored citizens.

One of the well-known characters of pioneer
days in California was William H. Finley, a
pioneer of 1853. As a miner he worked in the
old town of Lynchburg (now Oroville), Butte
county, from which place he removed to the
San Joaquin valley and engaged extensively in
the cattle business, after 1864 being largely in-
terested in the raising of general farm products.
In 1869 he settled in the vicinity of Modesto,
Stanislaus county, where he cultivated several
thousand acres of land and met with a success
that was well deserved. At a later period he es-
tablished his home in Los Angeles, where he
died March 24, 1901. Everywhere he was hon-
ored for his integrity and honesty. He was a
faithful worker and an elder in the Christian
Church.

The education of T. R. Finley was acquired
for the greater part in Stockton. San Joaquin
county, and in Christian College at Santa Rosa,
after which he was graduated from the Hastings
Law School. His preliminary practice was se-
cured in Modesto, Stanislaus county, but after
two years he removed to Redding, Shasta coun-
ty, where he acted as manager of the Shasta
County Abstract Company for a number of
years. His residence in Santa Maria began in
1896, since which time he has built up a large
general law practice, being admitted to all the
courts of the state of California. His efforts in
behalf of the town are by no means confined
to professional ser\'ices, for he is prominently
identified with business and social life and has
also had much to do with promoting the cause
of education. In politics a Democrat, he has
had no time for office, other than to serve as a
member of the school board. Fraternally he is

1130

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

a master Mason and a past chancellor of the
Knights of Pythias.

The marriage of Mr. Finley and J\Iargaret A.
Mearns occurred in San Francisco in 1888, Mrs.
Finley being a daughter of George and Eliza-
beth :\Iearns, the former of whom is well known
and a prominent member of Dr. ]\lcKenzie's
Church. Three children have been born to Mr.
and Mrs. Finley, namely: William H., George
M. and Theodore R.

WILLIAM EDGAR SHEPHERD. The
science of law in \^entura has no more forceful
exponent of its unyielding principles than Wil-
liam Edgar Shepherd, who was born in Fair-
field, Jefferson county, Iowa, June 30, 1842. Of
Scotch-Irish ancestry, the emigrating members
of the family settled first in Virginia and later
removed to Kentucky, where Thomas, the
father of William E. Shepherd, was born and
reared. When a young man he moved to Fair-
field, Iowa, and there followed the tanner's oc-
cupation, but died in middle age, when his son
was one year old. His wife, Sarah J., was born
near Xenia, Greene county, Ohio, of English
descent, and was a daughter of James Edgar, a
native of Pennsylvania and a farmer in Ohio.
Of the three children born to her marriage Wil-
liam Edgar alone attained maturity. At the
time of her death he was nine years of age. His
education was acquired in Oskaloosa, Iowa, and
he was graduated from the academy at twenty-
two years of age.

During the Civil war Mr. Shepherd was mus-
tered into Company H, Tliird Iowa Volunteer
Infantry, at Keokuk, and served for three_ years
in the army of the Tennessee. After participat-
ing in the battles of Shiloh, Holly Springs, the
sieges of Corinth and Vicksburg, he was de-
tailed in the United States postal department at
Vicksburg, and was chief clerk in the military^
postofifice until his discharge from the service
June 8, 1864. Returning to Iowa he became
local editor of the Oskaloosa Herald. During
the administration of President Lincoln he was
appointed postmaster of Oskaloosa and held
the office for five years, with the exception of
six months, when he was removed by President
Johnson on account of his refusal to support
the presidential policy. His letter, "I am not
for sale," in answer to what was called Presi-
dent Johnson's "bread and butter" policy,
brought him words of praise from all parts of
the United States, but it also caused him to
lose the postofifice for six months, which, com-
ing on the eve of his wedding, caused him no
little financial inconvenience, but he did not al-
low policy to triumph over principle. His re-
instatement followed upon the passage by con-
gress of the tenure of office act.

In the meantime Mr. Shepherd had improved
whatever of leisure came his way by studying

law, and was admitted to practice at the Iowa
bar in 1866, following which he practiced his
profession in partnership with John F. Lacy,
now member of congress from Iowa. He was
a delegate to the National Liberal Republican
convention which brought about the nomina-
tion of Horace Greeley for president, and in

1872 he was a candidate for state elector. A
perusal of the work upon Southern California
written by Charles Nordhoff led Mr. Shepherd
to locate in the far west, believing that the cli-
mate would be beneficial to IMrs. Shepherd. In

1873 he came to Ventura and bought the Signal,
of which he was managing editor for five years.
During that time he named the town of Nord-
hoff after the writer. On the Democratic ticket,
in 1878, he was a delegation candidate for the
constitutional convention of California, but
was somewhat in the minority on account of a
combination, and was consequently defeated.
The same year he began the practice of law and
has since built up an extensive clientele, his
reputation as an astute and able practitioner
being of an enviable nature. He is recognized
as a strong advocate and strenuous fighter,
guarding well the interests of his client at
every point, and quick to seize and persistent in
holding the point of vantage. As a criminal
lawyer he has few equals in Southern California.
He possesses a fine argumentative ability, and
when convinced of the correctness of his posi-
tion nothing swerves him from his stand. For
a number of years he has been city attorney of
^'entura.

In this resume of the life of Mr. Shepherd it
is fitting that mention be made of Mrs. Theo-
dosia B. Shepherd, who has a world-wide repu-
tation as a floriculturist and seed-grower, and
who occupies a prominent position as an orig-
inator of new plants. From her seed gardens
in the heart of Ventura have come many aston-
ishing revelations in the propagation of flora
novelties, consummations which could have
come only from an intensely artistic and beau-
tiful nature, and one who sufficiently appreciates
the possibilities of soil and climate by which she
is surrounded to spend years of enthusiastic toil
in endeavoring to practically convince the na-
tion that here, of all places under the sun, is the
home of her delightful and inspiring occupation.
In the very nearness of nature's heart, she has
succeeded from a small greenhouse, costing less
than $5, to a trade that reaches to nearly all the
countries of the world, her green, bath and
packing houses requiring the continual labor
of several men. So great an authority is this
lover of all that is beautiful in nature that her
correspondence is great, especially from mem-
bers of her own sex, who admire her spirit and
success, and would profit by her experience.
Numberless correspondents have visited her
grounds and written up her work, and she is

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

known as the pioneer flower seed and bulb
grower on the western coast of CaHfornia. Her
work is dearer to her than are the ambitions of
the devotees of art and fashion. She has been
a contributor to many journals and periodicals,
is interested in many subjects, and keeps
abreast with the developments in the arts and
sciences. To her the study of plant life has
been only a preface to the study of astronomy
and metaphysics, and the present and the future
to her are full of promise and hope. In the face
of the fact that she has reared a family of four
children, has been a moral and progressive force
in every goodundertaking in thecommunity,and
is a woman of unusual tenderness and resource-
fulness in the making of a delightful home for
her family, it seems remarkable that in addition
she has also found time for the exercise of her
knowledge and talents in a special direction.
Along the line of her favorite occupation she
has been a great student, and also keeps in
touch with the work by attending flower con-
ventions.

Mrs. Shepherd was born in Keosauqua, Iowa,
October 14, 1845, a daughter of Judge Augus-
tus Hall, one of the first members of congress
from Iowa and late chief justice of Nebraska,
a man of rare ability and noted for his equitable
rulings and lucid exposition of the law. His son,
Richard Hall, is a prominent attorney of Omaha
and at one time was a law partner of Senator
Thurston. The education of Mrs. Shepherd was
principally acquired in Batavia, N. Y. The chil-
dren born of her marriage are named as follows :
Augustus H., a resident of Ventura; Mrs. Myr-
tle Lloyd, of this city; Margaret, who has been
her mother's assistant in the business; and
Edith, wife of Fred Kelsey, of Ventura. Mr.
Shepherd is a member of the Grand Army of
the Repubhc. He entertains liberal religious
views, regarding all denominations as equally
worthy of consideration and assistance. As a
Democrat he has been a delegate to numerous
state and county conventions, and is ex-chair-
man of the county committee.

STEPHEN TOWNSEND. The roll call of
the strong personalities who have contributed
to the upbuilding of California would be incom-
plete without due mention of Stephen Town-
send, at present one of the real estate men of
Long Beach. As long ago as September 21,
1876, he came to what is now Pasadena (then
a purely speculative proposition), and was one
of the first to buy on the Lake Vineyard tract.
His five acres were put under oranges and de-
veloped into a paying investment, and when the
boom was instituted the property was diverted
into other channels of activity, and in due time
was platted under the name of the Townsend
subdivision, and thus passed into the bands of
home-seekers and builders. With unerring fore-

sight he saw the future of Pasadena, and set
about bringing within its borders the advan-
tages which drew people from other localities.
He obtained the first franchise in the city and
organized and built the Pasadena street rail-
way, of which he was president for five years.
Later on he contracted for and built the Alta-
dena Railroad and other street car lines, and his
energy and enterprise brought about the grad-
ing and building up of Orange Grove avenue,
the finest avenue in the city. He also built up
the Pasadena Warehouse and Milling Com-
pany's plant, and operated the same for some
time. In his efifort to secure admirable munic-
ipal government he accepted the office of city
trustee on the second board. His conservative
judgment and enterprising plans for the general
improvement were accepted and acted upon by
a large contingent in the growing town, and
his influence extended into various channels of
development. Prior to coming to Long Beach
he became identified with the Wakena Land
Company, which bought eleven thousand acres
of land in Tulare county, to the management of
which he devoted himself for about six years.

Of English ancestry on both sides of his
family, Mr. Townsend was born in Hamilton
county, Ind., October 19, 184S, and is the oldest
son in a family containing thirteen children, four
of whom are living. One of his brothers. W. H.
Townsend, is engaged in the real estate busi-
ness in Los Angeles. His father, David, was
born in Ohio, and in 1855 located in Cedar
county, Iowa, near Iowa City, where he farmed
and raised stock until 1876.' He then removed
to California and became a member of the
Indiana Colony, now Pasadena, where he en-
gaged in horticulture up to the time of his
death. His wife, formerly Sidney Maudlin, was
born in Ohio, and now, at the age of more than
four score years, is living in Pasadena. After
completing his education in the public schools
and at the Iowa State University, Stephen
Townsend 'began to farm on his own responsi-
bility upon land purchased in Franklin county,
where he lived for three years. He then re-
turned to Cedar county and was similarly occu-
pied for a couple of years, and in the fall of
1876 accompanied the rest of his family to the
present site of Pasadena.

In 1895 Mr. Townsend became permanently
associated with Long Beach, where he had
bought twenty acres of land on the Anaheim
road, adjoining the city limits, and one mile
from the beach. The following vcar he started
out in the real estate business and laid out sub-
division block 14, and lots i and 24, as well as
the Tutt tract, and the Townsend, Robinson &
Co.'s tract of twenty-five acres on the .Anaheim
road. In time he contemplates the laying out of
his original twenty acres on the .A.naheim road.
He is one of the organizers and directors of the

1133

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Long Beach Improvement Company, and a
member of the Long Beach Board of Trade.
In 1901 he took as partners in the business
Frank E. Robinson and B.P. Dayman, and has
since conducted his affairs under the firm name
of Townsend, Robinson & Co. This is one of the
most substantial firms of the kind in this part
of California, the high character and ability of
the men comprising it giving assurance of con-
tinued real estate activity.

In the state of Iowa Mr. Townsend married
Annie M. Carroll, a native of Indiana. They
are the parents of two children. Vinton Ray
Townsend is a graduate of the high school and
is now attending the University of California,
from which he will graduate in the class of
1903. Esther Bell Townsend, now Mrs. Dr.
Cavert, of Los Angeles, is a graduate of the
Los Angeles State Normal. Mr. Townsend is
a member of the Fraternal Aid. and is active in
the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he
is a member of the board of trustees and assist-
ant superintendent of the Sunday school. His
many sterling qualities have made him a nota-
ble acquisition to the localities which have prof-
ited by his enterprise, and he is especially hon-
ored in Long Beach, for the betterment of which
he has labored so faithfully and well.

ROBERT STRONG. The mental and moral
strength and fine business ability of Robert
Strong have, for many years, been appreciated
by the community of Pasadena. He came here
in 1888, and has not only been extensively en-
gaged in real estate, but has large interests in .
cement and oil, and has been foremost in pro-
moting the general growth of the city. The re-
mote forefathers from whom he is descended
lived their useful lives in Scotland, and the fani-
ilv fortunes were shifted to the north of Ireland
through the removal of the paternal great-great-
grandfather to county Donegal. The family
was established in America by the paternal
grandfather, Robert, who was born in the north
of Ireland, and settled in Albany, N. Y., where
he was a merchant and assistant in the post-
office. His son, Anthony M., the father of the
present Robert, was born in Albany, and
though his active life was devoted to the whole-
sale mercantile business in his native town, his
later years were spent in Philadelphia, Pa.,
where he died at the age of eighty-two years.
He was a member of the Presbyterian Church.
In young manhood he married Sarah Jones, a
native of Groton, Mass., and the granddaughter
of the widow of Captain Davis, who fell at the
head of his minute men at Concord Bridge in
1775. Her portrait, by Harding of Boston, made
in 1840, when she was ninety-eight years old,
is a striking picture of a woman of the Revolu-
tion. Mrs. Strong, who died in New York, was
the mother of three sons and one daughter, of

whom one son and one daughter are still liv-
ing. Richard died during the Civil war as
adjutant of the One Hundred and Seventy-sev-
enth New YorkVolunteer Infantry; and Charles,
who was a merchant in Albany, died in New
York City.

Robert Strong was born November 20, 1836.
He graduated from the Albany Academy in
1854, and from Princeton College in 1856, with
the degree of A. B., his alma mater conferring
upon him the degree of A. M. in 1859. In 1856
he entered the Albany Medical College with the
intention of devoting his career to that profes-
sion, but at the end of a year changed his mind
and entered the Princeton Theological Semi-
nary, from which he was graduated in 1861 with
third honors. He was ordained in Minneapolis
and took charge of the Westminster Church in
that city until the breaking down of his health
in 1865. To regain his lost strength he returned
to Albany, convinced that the ministry necessi-
tated closer application than his health would
permit. Hoping much from the climate of Cal-
ifornia he came here in 1872, and was so de-
lighted with the prospects that he settled in
Westminster, Orange county, where he pur-
chased a half section of land, and engaged in
farming and horticulture. He also started and
maintained a nursery, and went into the exten-
sive raising of fine stock. In connection with
these varied interests he also preached for a
short time, but was soon convinced of the futil-
ity of any additional work. He became promi-
nent in the affairs of Westminster, and was ap-
pointed superintendent of the colony there
assembled. He disposed of all the lands of the
colony and entirely wound up the business of
the owners.

In 1888 Mr. Strong allied his fortunes with
Pasadena, and has since been in the real estate
and notary business. In connection with his
partner he laid out Madison square, compris-
ing ten acres, and under the firm name of Far-
ris & Strong accomplished much towards the
improvement of the city. Since the death of
Mr. Farris, March 24, 1902, he has continued
in business alone, with every prospect of a fu-
ture increase of business. He is a director in
the California Portland Cement Company; the
Pasadena Mutual Oil Company, operating on
the Kern river; and in the Del Rey Oil Com-
pany. He is a member of the Alumni Associa-
tion of Princeton, the Kappa Alpha Society,
and of the Society of Pioneers of Los Angeles
County. A Republican in political affiliation,
Mr. Strong has never entered the arena of office
seeking. As a member of the Presbytery of Los
Angeles he served as clerk from the organiza-
tion of the church in 1874 until his resignation
in 1889.

The union of Mr. Strong and Villa Marquis
occurred in Westminster, Orange county, Cal.

^ckJ4/

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Mrs. Strong was born in Pennsylvania, and is a
daughter of Rev. John Marquis, a clergyman in
the Presbyterian Church. To Mr. and Mrs.
Strong have been born two children: Archibald
McClure, who is a graduate of the Leland Stan-
ford University, class of 1899, and is now a
mining engineer and United States deputy min-
eral surveyor at Independence, Cal.; and Rob-
ert Marquis, a prospective graduate of the class
of 1903, of the Universitv of the City of New
York. "

CHARLES J. DAILY. AUhough at present
devoting his attention to the cultivation and im-
provement of the ranch that he recently pur-
chased, comprising three hundred acres of val-
uable land, two miles northwest of Camarillo, to
the majority of the residents of Ventura county
Mr. Daily is best known through his work as
manager of the Patterson ranch, which position
he held for many years. This splendid ranch
property, one-half mile north of Hueneme, lying
on the sea between the Hiueneme and Ventura
road, is one of the best known and most finely
developed country places in Southern Califor-
nia. Formerly the property of John D. Patter-
son, now of Geneva, N. Y., it was sold by him
in 1900 to the Patterson Ranch Company,
stockholders in the sugar beet company. The
president is Robert Oxnard and the agent,
Major T. A. Drefifill. In 1885 Mr. Daily was
called to the position of manager and continued
in that capacity until December i, 1901, meati-
time having the entire management of the tract
of five thousand and twenty-one acres. The
land was originally a colonial grant. The con-
tinued cultivation of years has transformed its
barrenness into unexcelled fertility and grati-
fying productiveness, the large crops of beets
and beans making the ranch a profitable invest-
ment for its owners. On the property are three
sets of ranch houses, one in the center, the
others at either end of the tract, the finely fur-
nished offices being in the former. The cultiva-
tion of the land is conducted upon a scale com-
mensurate with the size of the tract, and it is
an interesting scene to watch from the road
the multitude of horses working in the fields,
giving the appearance of a vast cavalry brigade,
as they follow one another in teams of from four
to eight horses.

A knowledge of agriculture and an apprecia-
tion of its possibilities are inherited by Mr.
Daily, and this inheritance has been fostered
by years of experience in the occupation. Tiic
Dailys are of Irish extraction. The great-grand-
father, Thomas Daily, Sr., was born in county
Tyrone, parish Gorton, and when a young man
came to the United States, settling in Penn^^yl-
vania. For years he conducted a farm in Mon-
roe county, N. Y., where he died at ninety-six
years of age. The oldest child born of his mar-

riage to Miss Wilcox was Arthur Daily, to
whom belonged the distinction of being the first
male child born in Rush township, Monroe
county. He became a farmer and died in his na-
tive county when sixty-nine years of age. Orig-
inally a believer in Democratic principles, his
views changed during the Civil war and there-
after he voted with the Republicans. He mar-
ried Lorada Baker, who was born in New York
and died in young womanhood, leaving two
children, Charles W. and Elizabeth, the latter
now deceased.

After having farmed for some years in New-
York, Charles W. Daily went to Kansas, where
he suffered many hardships during the struggle
between the abolitionists and pro-slavery ele-
ment. For two and one-half years he served in
Company L, Fiftieth New York Engineers, and
at the close of the war was honorably dis-
charged at Elmira, N. Y. Afterward he con-
ducted a farm in Van Buren county, Mich.,
then returned to New York, later settled in Isa-
bella county, Mich., and finally, after having
once more gone back to New York, came to
California in 1892, since which time he has made
his home with his son, Charles J. He has two
other sons in California, these being Erastus
W. and W. P., who are ranchers at Springville.
His wife, whom he married in New York, was
Ruth F. Green, a native of Ohio.

Near Rochester, N. Y., Charles J. Daily was
born February 7, 1859. At the age of thirteen
he accompanied his parents to Michigan. In
1885 he came to California and has since made
Ventura county his home. In 1891 he married
Theresa Gisler, whose father, the late Max
Arnold Gisler, was a pioneer of Ventura county.
Born of this union are four children: Thomas,
Lillian, Edna and JNIilton. In national politics
Mr. Daily is a Republican. On the subject of
ranching few are better posted than he, which
fact was proved by liis long retention as man-
ager of the Patterson ranch, and his experience
in raising beets and beans has given him a thor-
ough knowledge of these two very important
products.

SAMUEL STRATTON. The fact that Mr.
Stratton has made Pasadena his home since
]882 entitles him to a position among the city's
early settlers, as he has also been one of the
most active and prominent developers of its
real estate. By birth a Kentuckian and by de-
scent connected with the F. F. \'.'s, he is a son
of Robinson and Nancy (Miles) .^tratton, na-
tives of Virginia and pioneers of Robinson
county, Ky. In the latter county Sanujcl was
born January 17, 1832, and there ins father died
three years later. The widowed mother, accom-
panied by her five children, removed to Illinois
and settled in Macoupin county near Carlin-

1136

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ville, where she remained until death. Of her
family Samuel is the sole survivor. The edu-
cational advantages which even the poorest boy
of to-day enjoys did not fall to his lot, for it
was necessary that he should aid his mother in
the support of the family at as early an age as
possible. His time was given largely to the
breaking of raw prairie land, for which ox-teams
were used. In the winter months, when work
on the farm was suspended, he was allowed to
attend a pay school, held in a log building, desti-
tute of all conveniences, and where the method
of instruction was as crude as the text-books
employed. His independence of spirit and
energy are indicated by the fact that, when only
fifteen years of age, he started a small store in
Piasa, 111., and this he continued, on a larger
scale, until 1854, meanwhile also acting as
deputy postmaster.

Believing that the west offered greater ad-
vantages than the east, Mr. Stratton determined
to cast in his lot with the gold-seekers of the'sos.
Tlie year 1854 found him coming via Panama to
San Francisco, and from there he went to the
placer mines of Shasta county. Four years later
he returned to Illinois via the Nicaragua route
and New York. Taking up mercantile affairs
again, he opened a store in Litchfield, Mont-
gomery county, and later bought a farm near
Litchfield, where he was one of the first in the
county to take up the raising of fine Jersey cat-
tle. For the purpose of securing the best breeds,
in 1877 he went to the isle of Jersey and pur-
chased about twenty full-blooded animals. After
having for some years carried on a prosperous
business, in 1882 he sold out and settled in
Pasadena, buying ten acres on the southwest
corner of Colorado and Moline streets and lay-
ing the land out in acre lots. His were the first
acre lots that were sold in Pasadena. He also
laid out twenty acres on Marengo avenue and
California street, known as Webster & Strat-
ton's subdivision; and two and one-half acres
on the corner of Marengo avenue and Colorado
street, known as Skillen & Stratton's subdivis-
ion. On this last-named corner he erected the
first apartment houses ever built in Pasadena,
and he also built an apartment house on Ma-
rengo avenue, both of which blocks he still
owns. Another improvement was the building
of business properly on Colorado street. He as-
sisted in organizing and became a director of
the Pasadena Street Railway Company that
built (on Colorado street) the first horse-car
line in Pasadena. For some years he was a di-
rector in the Lake \'incyard Water Company.
Though reared in the Democratic faith, his
sympathies are strongly Republican. His first
presidential vote was castfor Fillmore,andhehas
never failed to vole at each succeeding general
election. Formerly he held ofifice as a trustee
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to the work

of which he has long been an earnest contribu-
tor.

The marriage of Air. Stratton, in Macoupin
county, III, united him with Miss Alary Web-
ster, who was born in Jerseyville, that state, of
Virginian and Maryland parentage. They are
the parents of four children, namely: Samuel
W., a graduate of the University of Illinois, and
now at the head of the bureau of weights and
measures in Washington, D. C; Mrs. Olive
Newcomb, of Pasadena, Matie, at home; and
Mrs. Lucy Hobbs, of Chicago.

B. M. BLYTHE. Long Beach is fortunate in
the possession of many citizens whose character
and attainments would be a credit to any locality
in the counrry, and among these none is more
worthy the appreciation of a grateful commu-
nity than is B. M. Blythe, a typical western man
of affairs, at present engaged in the business
of mining, real estate, loans and insurance, and
a member of the firm of Lowe & Blythe.

As the name implies Mr. Blythe is of Scotch
descent, and he was born in Graves county, Ky.,
September 4, 1855. The paternal great-grand-
father was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and upon
immigrating to the United States long before
the Revolutionary war settled in Virginia, where
he became a planter on a large scale. Here was
born the paternal grandfather, Solomon Blythe,
who also was a planter, and who lived and died
in Virginia, from which native state he enlisted
for service in the Colonial army of 1776. The
father of B. M. Blythe, James T., was born in
Virginia in 1823, and reared on the paternal
plantation in Southampton county. No finer
example could be found of the self-made man
than the elder Blythe, who, when twenty-one
years of age, started out on foot from Virginia
and walked to Kentucky, where had settled
three of his uncles. His uncle Zack lived in
Graves county, where he had accumulated large
holdings, and he readily gave employment to
his nephew for three years, at the rate of twen-
ty-five cents a day. At the expiration of this
service the younger man had evidently dis-
played many worthy qualities' and shown him-
self adaptable and capable, for he was given two
hundred acres of the plantation to work on
shares, a distinct gain over the twenty-five
cents a day limit. He was unusually suc-
cessful at raising- tobacco, and in time saved
sufficient money to permit of an individual in-
vestment of farm land, which he turned to the
best possible account and became one of the
foremost planters in the county. Nor was he
content to travel in the comparatively narrow
,groove of the planter, for he became interested
in the mercantile business, and ran with equal
success a saw and grist mill, besides raising large
numbers of fine stock. A commendable'ambi-
tion directed energies into the banking business

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1137

in Kentucky, and he was not only a director in
several banks, but was as well president of a
number of institutions. In 1875 he removed
with his family to jMeridian, Tex., and engaged
in the loan and banking business, and in 1887
located at Downey, Cal., where he organized the
Los Nietos Valley Bank of Downey, of which he
was president until his death, June 11, 1895. He
was a broad, liberal minded man, and forcibly
impressed all who associated with him in what-
soever capacity. Fraternally he was a Royal
Arch Mason, and he took an active part in the
political developments of his time. Through
his marriage with Sarah A. Adair, a native of
Graves county, Ky., and a daughter of John
Adair, who was born in Ireland and came to
Kentucky with his parents when a boy, later
becoming a blacksmith there, thirteen children
were born, eight of whom attained maturity:
Martha J. is now J\Irs. Sims, of Fresno; S. W.
is president of the Los Nietos \'alley Bank at
Downey; John T. was killed October 4, 1900,
by an engine in Fulton, Ky.; Oscar is a farmer
in Fulton county, Ky.; Clinton lives in Long
Beach; Lou is the wife of Mr. Thomas, of Re-
dondo; and Virginia is now Mrs. Flarper, of
Long Beach. Mrs. Blythe died June 23. 1891.
The preliminary education of B. M. Blythe
was acquired in the public schools of Graves
county, Ky., and in 1874 he went to Meridian,
Tex., his family following one year later. There
he engaged in the mercantile business, and was
also greatly interested in the cattle business.
While in Meridian he became prominent in
general affairs, and was deputy sheriff for a
time, besides holding other offices of trust and
responsibility. Upon locating with the family
in Downey in 1887, he engaged in real-estate
and loans for a couple of years, and when the
famous Thomas H. Blythe case came up he
went to San Francisco and pushed the matter
for six years with his lawyers. After return-
ing to Downey in 1894 he continued his former
business in the real estate and loan markets, and
was also a director of the Los Nietos Valley
Bank at Downey. In June of 1901 he came to
Long Beach to engage in the business of real-
estate and loans, bringing with him a firmly es-
tablished reputation for push and veracity and
general enterprise, which was not slow in as-
similating with the conditions of his adopted
town. He is a leading influence and the vice-
president of the Long Beach Improvement
Company, which company purchased three hun-
dred and thirty lots in Alameda, and he is a
director in the Long Beach Savings Bank. His
real-estate transactions are mostly in connec-
tion with his own property, and he owns many
valuable holdings in the town and county.

In Norwalk, Cal., Mr. Blythe married Mary
E. Merchant, a native of Texas, and daughter
of Dr. W. T. Merchant. Dr. Merchant was a

native of Alabama and a graduate physician, and
a practitioner of Norwalk up to the time of his
death. His wife, formerly Sarah AIcMullen,
was also a native of Alabama. Three children
have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Blvthe, Ver-
non Merchant, Sarah Eskaleen, and Virginia
Corinne. Mr. Blythe is prominent in fraternal
circles, and is associated with the Independent
Order Odd Fellows, the Independent Forest-
ers, the Ancient Order United Workmen, the
Alaccabees, and the Woodmen of the World.
He is a member of the board of trade, and has
an enviable social and business standing in
Long Beach.

EDGAR R. BRALEY. The pioneer bicycle
establishment of Pasadena is owned and man-
aged by Edgar R. Braley. who has been a resi-
dent of the city since 1887. He at first started
a fruit business on the site of his present store,
and in 1892 added thereto bicycles and supplies,
as well as a repair department. So popular and
remunerative was this combination of interests
that recently the owner thereof purchased out-
right the ground, upon which he has erected a
large building, 50x90 feet in dimensions. He
at first carried only Crescent and Eagle wheels,
but has since added to his stock the Tribune,
Stearns, Eldridge and Echo makes, and also
handles the Thomas Motocycle and Waverle\-
electric vehicles.

A native of Jasper county, Iowa, Mr. Braley
was born at Kellogg February 24, 1867, and
was educated at the public and private schools
of his native town. His father, Carleton, was
born in Vermont, the paternal grandfather, Jo-
seph, having settled there at an early day. The
grandfather was a farmer and builder, and the
father a farmer during their active lives, and
both were well and favorably known in Kellogg
and vicinity. Carleton Braley married Eliza
Ann Rice, a native of Vermont, and member of
a well known New England family. Mrs. Bra-
ley died in Iowa, leaving nine children, five sons
and four daughters, two of her children having
died when young.

As the youngest son in his father's large fam-
ily, Edgar R. Braley undertook to earn his own
living when fifteen years of age, and found em-
ployment on a farm for a couple of years. He
then clerked in a general store in Kellogg for
three years, and in 1887 located in Pasadena,
which has since been his home. He married in
Newton, Iowa, Alice E. Estes, a native of Kan-
sas, and of this union there have been born four
children: Rex, Ruth and Rubv (twins) and
Everett. Mr. Braley is a member and trustee
of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, and
is also a Modern Woodman of the World. He
is a Republican in political affiliation, but aside
from the formality of casting his vote is not
actively engaged in political undertakings. He

1138

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

has been very successful from a business stand-
point, liis enterprising methods and devotion to
the best interests of his patrons ensuring a con-
stantly increasing trade.

E. B. CUSHAIAN. The various agencies
which have tended to the development of South-
ern California since the beginning of the '80s
have had an interested spectator in E. B. Cush-
man, one of the pioneer real-estate men of Long
Beach, and the manipulator of land and prop-
erty deals in different parts of the state. His
initial experience in CaHfornia life was acquired
in 1882, when he located in Santa Ana, and
served as deputy postmaster under his uncle,
C. E. French. He then removed to Los Angeles
and had charge of the registry department of
the postofifice under Colonel Dunkleberger, and
was thus employed during the great boom. A
still later connection with government affairs
was as mail agent between Los Angeles and
Deming, N. j\I., a responsibility resigned in
1886, to engage in the real-estate business in
Los Angeles. He was remarkably successful
owing to the favorable conditions prevailing
during the rush for property at that time, and
among other undertakings handled the Long-
street place. While in Los Angeles he estab-
lished an office in Long Beach in 1886. and
managed the affairs of both offices from his
headquarters in the larger city. In 1896 he lo-
cated permanently in Long Beach, and in con-
nection with his other and general work has
been the agent for several years of the Alamitos
tract.

The youth of Mr. Cushman was centered in
the city of Boston and vicinity, and he was born
in Northampton, Mass., in 1854. A just pride
of ancestry has been maintained by latter day
members of the family, who recall with satis-
faction that one of their number, Robert Cush-
man, was secretary of the Mayflower Company,
and crossed the seas in the vessel of that name.
In after years, when the supremacy of England
began to be questioned by the colonists, the pa-
ternal great-grandfather, Cushman, left his plow
and shouldered his weapons on the great battle
fields of the Revolution. His son, Samuel, the
paternal grandfather, was born in Maine, and
became a country squire with broad acres and
large possessions. .Among the children whom
he reared was I. S. Cushman, who became a
clerg)man of the Methodist Episcopal denom-
ination, and belonged to the New England Con-
ference. Like his grandfather, he was not want-
ing in patriotism, and when the occasion of the
Civil war created a demand for courage and de-
votion he served as chaplain in the Thirty-third
Massachusetts regiment, with the rank of cap-
lain. He saw much of the grim and relentless
and fearful side of warfare, and from the ex-
posure incurred during the service died in 1871.

His wife, formerly Sarah Elizabeth Baker, was
born in Portland, Me., and comes of a promi-
nent New England family. She is now a resi-
dent of Boston, and is the mother of four chil-
dren, two of whom are living, E. B. being the
only son.

At a comparatively early age Mr. Cushman
embarked upon a business career in Boston, as
clerk for C. F. Hovey & Co., for five years. In
1878 he removed to Yankton, S. D., near which
he purchased a ranch on the Missouri river and
began to raise stock. His stay in the north was
unexpectedly terminated by the great freshet
of 1880, which carried away his stock and de-
moralized his possessions. Thereafter he re-
turned to Maine, and at North Anson married
Helen Bunker, a native of that town, with
whom he came to California in 1882, as hereto-
fore stated. Mr. Cushman is a Republican and
is a cousin of ex-Governor John A. Andrews.
of Massachusetts, a sincere promoter of the
principles of the party. Mr. Cushman has held
some positions of trust here and in the east, and
was deputy city clerk for one term of Long
Beach. He is a member of the Board of Trade,
and is fraternally associated with the Knights
of the Maccabees and holds the rank of major
of the Sons of Veterans, Division of California.
He is a member of the Congregational Church.
Mr. Cushman has rendered valuable service in
the upbuilding of I-ong Beach, not only as an
enterprising real-estate man, but as a citizen
whom all are glad to honor.

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN COONS. In the
capacity of agent of the Southern Pacific at
Riverside, and also commercial agent on a num-
ber of the branch railroad lines of the fruit belt
of this region, Mr. Coons has made many ac-
quaintances in Southern California. He pos-
sesses marked executive ability and merits the
high degree of esteem which is accorded him by
the general public, as well as by his superior
officials in the railroad service.

Mr. Coons is proud of the fact that he is one
of California's native sons, and that his father
was one of the "forty-niners" of the Pacific
coast. The latter, George W., was born in Bal-
timore, Md., a son of George Coons, a merchant
of that city, and a native of Germany. G. W.
Coons also followed merchandising in his early
manhood, and in 1849 crossed the plains by the
Omaha, Humboldt and Nevada Pass route, and
with ox-teams. At the end of a six months'
trip he arrived in Sacramento, and, having built
the first quartz mill in California, operated it for
about a year. Then, going to San Francisco,
he embarked in a mercantile business and in the
spring of 1852 returned by the overland route
for his wife and four children. Together they
traversed the plains and located upon a ranch
near Elk Grove, Cal. Not until 1853, however,

JESSK DRISKILL

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1141

did Mr. Coons cease his business operations in
San Francisco, and thenceforth he gave his
entire attention to farming. In the early years
of his residence on the coast he experienced
some strange vicissitudes, and as a member of
a vigilance committee and in every possible
manner supported law and order. For a num-
ber of years he was a justice of the peace in
his county. When in his fiftieth year, in 1870,
he passed to his eternal reward. He was sur-
viyed by his widow, Mrs. Semphronia (Ham-
ilton) Coons, who passed away in Sacramento in
1897. Of their thirteen children, ten lived to
maturity and eight sons and a daughter are yet
living, all being in the northern part of this
state, with the exception of our subject. Mrs.
Coons was a daughter of George H. Lanham, a
Baltimore merchant. Both were natives of that
city and came of a very prominent family of
Maryland, of Scotch extraction.

Benjamin F. Coons was born in Sacramento.
Cal., April 5, 1862, and lived upon a farm until
1880. In the mean time he received a liberal
education in the common and high schools of
Sacramento, and was graduated in the latter in
June, 1880. On the following Monday he
assumed the duties of a telegraph operator at
Hot Springs, Nev., on the Central Pacific, for
while at school he had become familiar with the
business by devoting his spare time to master-
ing the craft. During the next four years he
was agent and operator at different stations
along the Central Pacific road in California and
Nevada. As secretary of the committee having
in charge the railroad exhibit for these two
states at the World's Fair held in New Orleans,
he spent seven months there. In 1886 Mr.
Coons married Miss Jennie Taylor, at Rose-
ville, Cal. Born in St. Louis, Mo., she accom-
panied her parents to California when five years
of age, and was educated in San Francisco. The
couple have two promising sons, namely: Er-
nest Alvin and Wallace A. B.

Returning to the employ of the Central Pa-
cific, Mr. Coons was stationed as an agent at
Elk Grove, Cal., from the time when lie com-
pleted his duties in the Crescent City, in the
spring of 1885. until 1888, when he was in.stalled
as agent at Wheatland. His residence in that
place extended over a period of nine years, and
from 1897 to May 30, 1900, he was located at
Covina, Cal., being the commercial agent of the
line between Pomona and Bassett. Since the
date given he has been the Southern Pacific's
agent at Riverside and also has been its com-
mercial agent between Banning and Pomom.
In his territory there are fifty miles of the main
road, seven miles of tlie Colton branch, four
miles of the Redlands branch, three miles of
the San Bernardino road, and nine miles of the
Chino loop. With railroad men he is very pop-
ular, and is a member of llie Traveling Pas-

sengers Railroad Agents Association of the
United States. While with him business and
the interests of his employers ever are para-
mount, Mr. Coons is and always has been very
fond of athletic sports. At Wheatland he was
president of a tennis club and was vice-president
of a gun club ; at Covina was one of the organ-
izers and later was chairman of the Country
Club's house committee; was president of the
Covina Tennis Club, and vice-president of the
Gun Club. At Covina he was initiated into Ma-
sonry, and now belongs to Evergreen Lodge.
Besides, he is past president of the Native Sons
of Golden West, is sir leading knight of the
Benevolent Protective Order 'of Elks and is
connected with the Roubidoux Club. Though
surrounded with Democratic influences in his
youth, he was independent and at length iden-
tified himself strongly with the Republicans.

JESSE DRISKILL, one of the foremost con-
tractors and builders of Long Beach, was born
in Bond county. 111., September 30, 1850, and
comes of an ancestry intimately connected with
the history of Scotland. The emigrating an-
cestor was the paternal great-grandfather, who
was born in Scotland and removed to the north
of Ireland, from where he embarked for the
United States. He settled in North Carolina,
and served during the Revolutionary war under
Gen. Francis Marian. The paternal grand-
father, Jesse, was born in North Carolina, and
served with distinction in the war of 1812. at
which time he was under command of General
Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. William
Driskill, the father of the present Jesse, was
born near Fayetteville in middle Tennessee, and
settled in Bond county. 111., about 1830. He was
a farmer during his active life, and died in Il-
linois at the age of forty years. His wife, for-
merly Mary Cruthis, was a native of Bond
county, and a daughter of John Cruthis, born
in North Carolina, and one of the first settlefs of
Tennessee. Pie removed to Bond county. 111.,
about 1824, and farmed for the remainder of hi';
days. He was a Quaker in religious belief. 1n
his young manhood he married Milberry Red-
fearn, who was of Scotch descent, and whose
father, Isaac, served during the Revolutionary
war under General Marian. IMrs. Driskill, who
died in Illinois, became the mother of two chil-
dren, and of these John is a resident of Bond
county. 111.

Until his seventeenth year Mr. Driskill lived
on the paternal farm in Bond county. III., and
attended the public schools, supplemented by
training at AIcKendree College. Lebanon, III
lie then engaged in farming with his brother
in Bond county, but from his earliest years
showed a special aptitude for things mechanical,
and especially carpentering, and when twenty-
four years of age gave up farming to learn in

HISTORICAL AND( BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

be a builder. He afterwards built and con-
tracted in Bond county, and while there at-
tained to some political prominence, filling
among other offices that of justice of the peace
for four years. Later he started out as a travel-
ing salesman for a St. Louis house, and was
successful in the sale of agricultural implements,
heavy hardware and blacksmith supplies,
throughout the south and southwest. At the
end of three years of journeying he came west
to California,' and was made superintendent of
the building of the Hotel Coronado at San
Diego. Upon the completion of the now fa-
mous house in 1887 he continued to build in
San Diego until after the boom, and then went
to Calamali, Cal, and superintended the erection
of the quartz mills at that place. Nine months
later he went to Tacoma, Wash., where he put
up the large school building and other construc-
tions of importance, remaining in the Washing-
ton city between 1889 and 1895. Following
this he spent two years working at his trade in
Los Angeles, and in October of 1897 located at
Long Beach, where he has since had all the
work he could attend to. He built the fine new-
high school and many public buildings and resi-
dences, but of late has turned his attention al-
most exclusively to street contract work, and
has probably done more cement work than any
other one man in the town.

In Jefferson City, Mo., Mr. Driskill married
Ida Holbrook, a native of Bond county, 111. Of
this marriage one child was born, William L.
Mr. Driskill is a Democrat in political affiliation,
and while living in Washington served as jus-
tice of the peace and police magistrate. He is
a member of the Board of Trade, and is frater-
nally associated with the Masons, and belonged
to the Sumner (Wash.) Lodge No. 70, F. & A.
M. He is also a member of the Ancient Order
of United Workmen and the Eastern Star.

G. H. CARDER, M. D. One of the mem-
bers of the medical profession in Pasadena is
Dr. G. H. Carder, who is not only a disciple of
homeopathy, but also an artist of more than
ordinary skill. He was born in Kalamazoo,
Mich., February 2, 1852, and was educated in
the public schools, graduating from the high
school and the commercial college. His natu-
ral inclination was towards a life devoted ex-
clusively to art, but in the following of this plan
he met with decided objections from his father,
who put him to learning the upholsterer's trade.
E. -A. Carder, the father of G. H., was born in
Connecticut, and was a furniture manufacturer
in Kalamazoo. Mich., in later years doing busi-
ness also in Jackson and Grand Rapids. He
died in Kalamazoo in August, iQOi, at the age
of eighty-two years. His wife, formeriy Sarah
A. Green, a native of England, survived him but
four months, her death occurring in November,

1 90 1. There were five children in the family,
two sons and three daughters, of whom G. H.
Carder was the third oldest.

After learning his trade Mr. Carder estab-
lished an upholstery business, yet so much did
he regret his absence of art chances that he
hired a basement in Kalamazoo and put in a
supply of clay and marble with which to prose-
cute his art work. Although otherwise em-
ployed during the day, he modeled and studied
far into the night, and often until two or three
o'clock in the morning, and in this way made
great headway with a foundation upon which
to base his future exertions. In the mean time
he had decided to study medicine under Dr.
Charles Adams, of Chicago, and eventually
graduated from the Homeopathic Medical Col-
lege in 1882. He began practicing in Chicago,
and at the same 'dme lectured on obstetrics for
a couple of years in the National Medical Col-
lege. In connection with a large obstetrical
practice, he worked up a large patronage as an
oculist, with offices on the corner of State and
Washington streets, and would doubtless have
still been a member of the profession in Chicago
had not ill health in his family rendered a change
of climate imperative.

In February of 1900 Dr. Carder came to Cal-
ifornia and located on a ranch in La Canada,
but by the following December had decided
that ranching was not his forte, and so returned
to his profession, and is now located in Pasa-
dena, with an office in Masonic Temple. He
was married in South Bend, Ind., to Elizabeth
B. Roberts, a native of that place, and of thi'=
union there is one child, Robert H. Dr. Car-
der is a member of the Illinois Medical Society,
and he is fraternally associated with the Auburn
Park Lodge of Masons, at Chicago, in which
city he joined the chapter. He was formerly a
Knight of Pythias. In political affiliation he is
a Republican. Mrs. Carder is a member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church. During all
his practice Dr. Carder has maintained his in-
terest in art, and from sculpture has branched
out into painting, many admirable canvases
having developed under his brush.

WILLIAM BRYANT. The early experi-
ences of Mr. Bryant in California were not such
as to give him rose-tinted views of the opportu-
nities offered by the state, but since he came
to Gardena he has been far more fortunate than
before, and has not only retrieved past losses,
but has also established himself upon a solid
financial basis. He is a native of Ohio, born in
Belmont county. February 16, 1849. and his
parents, John and ]\Iary (Van Dellan) Bryant.
were also born in that state. In 1877 the family
removed to Kansas and settled near Geneseo,
Rice county, where the parents still make their
home. Of their fifteen children nine attained

HISTORICAL AND, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1143

mature years, William being fourth in order of
birth.

On coming to California, after having gained
a thorough knowledge of the fruit business in
the east, he settled in Los Angeles county, mak-
ing an investment in five acres. However, the
depreciation in the value of the property and
the impossibiHty of successfully conducting a
fruit-raising business thereon, forced him to sell
the place at a great sacrifice, and when he came
to Gardena in 1891 he was without means.
Wishing to thoroughly investigate local condi-
tions before purchasing property, he rented a
five-acre place for five years, with the privilege
of buying in the mean time if he so desired.
So satisfactory was his study of the soil and
the results of his early efforts thereon, that at
the expiration of two years he became the
owner. He erected a neat house and made
ether improvements that enhance the value of
the property. I'wo acres arc under cultivation
to Logan berries, and two are in blackberries,
while eight acres of leased land are in alfalfa.
The cozy home is presided over by Mrs. Bryant,
who was formerly Miss Kittie Thompson, of
Nebraska.

In addition to the raising of berries, Mr. Bry-
ant is much interested in the dairy business,
and now has a herd of fourteen milch cows,
comprising Jersey, Holstein and Durham
breeds. This industry he has found to be a
profitable occupation, netting him an appreci-
ated addition to his income. In politics he is a
Republican, while in religion he is a believer in
the doctrines of the Society of Friends.

HON. ROBERT M. CLARKE. The effi-
cient services rendered by Mr. Clarke as mem-
ber of the state assembly from Ventura county
are especially worthy of recognition, inasmuch
as he is the youngest member of that body and
is gaining his first experience in statesmanship.
Prior to his election he had engaged in the prac-
tice of law in Santa Paula and it is his plan, on
the expiration of his official term as legislator,
to resume professional labors in his home town.
As one of the native-born sons of Ventura coun-
ty (where his birth occurred in 1879), his rise
into prominence is a source of gratification to
the people among whom he has always made his
home.

On the completion of his high-school educa-
tion Mr. Clarke began to study law in Santa
Paula, later going to Los Angeles, where he
continued his readings. April 10, 1900, he was
admitted to the bar before the Los Angeles
supreme court, and at the same time began the
practice of his profession in Santa Paula. For
a time he was associated with George E. Far-
rand, the partnership continuing until Mr. Far-
rand was made county clerk. On the Repub-
lican ticket, in the fall of 1900, Mr. Clarke was

elected to the assembly, and it was a source of
gratification to his friends that he ran ahead of
the ticket. In the assembly he is a member of
the judiciary committee, the committee for the
revision of the code, and the committee on high-
way and military affairs. In local matters he
maintains an interest, and whatever makes for
the progress of Santa Paula or the development
of the resources of Ventura county is sure of
his appreciation and support. In any work for
the upbuilding of the community he is always
ready to assist.

During 1900, the year of his admission to the
bar, Mr. Clarke established domestic ties, and
was united in marriage with Edna M., daugh-
ter of J. R. Thurmond, a pioneer of the Carpin-
teria valley. In the Santa Paula Parlor of Na-
tive Sons he has officiated as president, and he
is also actively connected with the Masonic
Order.

FRANK D. BISHOP, M. D., one of the
most successful medical practitioners of Long
Beach, was born in Charlestown, Portage
county, Ohio, January 22, 1856, a son of O. D.
and Mary A. (Brown) Bishop, natives respec-
tively of Charlestown and Toronto, Ontario.
The mother, who is now living in Ohio, is a
daughter of Amos Brown, who was born in
England, and upon immigrating to this country
settled first in Toronto, and afterwards in New
York state, where his death occurred. The pa-
ternal grandfather. David Bishop, was of
Scotch-English descent, and, though born in
Connecticut, was one of the very early settlers
of Charlestown, Ohio. His son, O. D. Bishop,
the father of Frank D., was a farmer during his
active life, and died in Ohio in 1899.

The oldest in a family of five children, Frank
n. Bishop was reared on the paternal farm in
Ohio, and graduated from the high school in
Ravenna. His first business venture was as a
hotel man, and in this capacity he managed the
St. Cloud Plotel, in Canton, Ohio, for about
eight years. In the mean time he had become
interested in medicine and surgery, and having
decided to devote his future energies to this
branch of science, began to study under the
capable instruction of Dr. K. B. Waitc. of
Cleveland. He then entered the University of
Medicine and Surgery at Cleveland, and aflei-
graduating therefrom began to practice in
Canon City, Colo. Not realizing his expecta-
tions in the Colorado town, he returned to
Ohio and practiced medicine in Windham.
Portage county, for a couple of years, goinu
then to Harriman. Tenn., where he remained
for two years. Owing to the uncertain state of
his wife's healtii, he was obliged to make fre-
quent changes in location, and eventually took
up his residence in the salubrious climate of
.Mbuquerque, N. M., where he worked up a

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

large and satisfactory practice. While in the
Mexican city he was medical director of the
tjovernment Indian School at Albuquerque, and
Was also appointed to the board of territorial
medical examiners by Governor Otero. Both
of these positions he resigned upon coming to
California in 1899, and in June of 1900 located
at Long Beach, where he has since conducted
a medical and surgical practice.

In Cleveland, Ohio, Dr. Bishop married
Alanon Spaulding, who was born in Spafford,
N. Y., and was educated at Hillsdale College.
Mrs. Bishop is also a graduate of the Cleveland
Homeopathic Hospital College, and assists her
husband in his large and lucrative practice. Three
children have been born to Dr. and Mrs. Bishop,
Ruth, Francene and Winifred. The doctor is
a Republican in national politics, and is frater-
nally associated with the Independent Order
of Good Templars. He is medical examiner
for the Pacific Mutual and Phoenix Insurance
Companies and Order of Pendo. He is now a
member of the Southern California Homeo-
pathic Medical Society, and was formerly asso-
ciated with the medical societies of Ohio, Ten-
nessee and New Mexico. In the Methodist
Episcopal Church, of which he is a member, he
is serving as steward.

FRIDOLIN HARTMAN. The association
of Mr. Hartman with Ventura began in 1873.
at which time the predominating element con-
sisted of a small Spanish population, who faith-
fully observed the customs of the mother coun-
try.' Prosperity reigned from a Spanish stand-
point. Churches were wealthy and good fel-
lowship prevailed throughout the surrounding
country. Beyond the settlement stretched the
mustard fields, with latent fertility as yet unsus-
pected. Sheep trails wound in and out, which
are now roads in common use. No spectator
has watched modern development with more in-
terest than Mr. Hartman, and none has estab-
lished a more honorable place for himself in
the community by which he is environed.

A native of' Bavaria, Mr. Hartman was born
F'ebruary 2, 1844, his parents being August and
Theresa' (Koll) Hartman. natives of Bavaria,
and residents of Germany during their entire
lives. The father was a hotel and commercial
man, and lived to be eighty-seven years old,
but the mother died in middle age. Of their
large family, nine children are living, Fridolin
l)eing the youngest and the only one to settle
in America. He received a common-school ed-
ucation and when young learned the brewing
business, being for four years in the employ of
Smith Brothers. Later he traveled in Austria
and France, in which latter country he entered
the employ of a large brewing concern. In
1870, owing to the declaration of hostilitioi
which culniiiKitcd in the loss of .'\lsace and Lor-

raine to the F^rench, he found it dangerous to
remain in France, but was unable to get to his
native land; accordingly he boarded a ship
bound for America, and arrived in New York in
August of 1870.

Going at once to St. Louis, Mo., he was em-
ployed there by the Phoenix brewery (Christian
.Staley, proprietor) until April of 1871. The
persuasions of a former acquaintance in Ger-
many, Joseph Dilger, induced him to come to
California, and he worked with Mr. Dilger in
the City brewery of Sacramento until 1873.
Following this he spent several months in San
Francisco. Acting on the suggestion of a San
Francisco firm, he came to Ventura in April
of 1873. For about one year he managed the
Ventura brewery for other parties, after which
he purchased the plant. For a time business
was conducted in a wooden shanty, but this he
was enabled to replace for a more pretentious
structure and continued prosperity repaid his
efforts during the years that followed. The ab-
sence of railroads brought him a large country
trade, but when these were built through the
county and when large breweries were estab-
lished in Los Angeles and San Francisco, the
smaller concern proved unprofitable, and in
i8g8 was closed.

Years ago Mr. Hartman was elected to the
Ventura city council and held the office until
his election as a member of the board of super-
visors of Ventura county, which he held for
three terms. In 1884 he was elected supervisor
of the first district and has held the same con-
tinuously since, with the exception of four years
when he was town trustee. His present term
as supervisor will expire in 1904.

Tlie marriage of Mr. Hartman and Katie
Kaufman occurred in Ventura in 1874. Mrs.
Hartman is a daughter of Michael and Mary
Kaufman, and was born in Minnesota, to which
state her parents had removed at an early day,
and where they resided during the Indian mas-
sacre. To Mr. and Mrs. Hartman have been
born sixteen children: Ludwig, Theresa, Frido-
lin, Katie. Karl, Anna. George, Rose, Lena,
Fannie, Willie, Henry .August, Nellie, Chester,
Ralph and Walter. Two, Rose and Henry .Au-
gust, are deceased.

ROBERT B. LYON. One of the most de-
lightful pleasure resorts in Ventura county is
that owned and managed by Airs. Gertrude
Lyon at Matilija. When taken possession of in
1 87 1 the ClifT Glen Mineral Springs was an un-
improved and discouraging looking squatter's
claim, with but one man in the neighborhood
to relieve the monotony of desolation. But the
squatter's claim had latent possibilities ready to
expand under the touch of enterprise and indus-
try, and there has since been developed all those
exhilarating and charming surroundings which

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1147

enticingly beckon to all in search of a change of
environment, or in need of physical and mental
relaxation. Hither gather many guests during
the season, impelled by the transparent air, the
advantages of bathing and fishing, the excellent
viands provided for her guests by mine hos-
tess, and the general prevailing air of courtesy,
geniality and jolly good fellowship. Placidly
taking its way through the grounds is the Ven-
tura river, with its clear, limpid depths, and
numerous members of the finny tribe, and this
trout stream flowing through the canyon has
more than anything else made possible the im-
provements so fully appreciated to-day. The
buildings for guests and horses are modern and
conveniently constructed, and there are tents
on the banks of the river, and splendid camp-
ing grounds. The enterprise which has built
up the resort has also looked well after the sur-
rounding roads. The springs in the canyon are
located a mile from Mitilija postoffice, eighteen
miles from Ventura, seven miles from Nord-
hofif, the nearest railroad point, and forty miles
from Santa Barbara. The genial hostess of this
ideal retreat has abundant cause for gratitude
that her lines have fa'len in such pleasant places,
that her efforts are so well appreciated, and that
those who seek immunity from care in the un-
changing smile of nature, are glad to do so
under her competent guidance and unremitting
care.

The squatter's claim, so well transformed, was
purchased in 1871 by Robert Lyon, who was
born in New York City in 1836. Ill health
drove him to this lovely spot in the mountains
every summer, but he did not open it to the
public until 1887, a short time before his death.
He was a noble, brave man of whom his chil-
dren, wife and friends alike were proud.

W. W. BROUGHTON. Splendid in concep-
tion and stupendous in execution has been the
accomplishment par exellence of W. W. Brough-
lon. For in the estimation of any who would
faithfully chronicle the deeds of the pioneers of
Santa Barbara county, no more large minded
project than the ioundmg of the Lompoc colony
has animated the enthusiasm of any settler,
however great his loyalty, or his faith in the
possibilities of h's adopted part of the world.
While Mr. Broughton has many claims to dis-
tinction, the fact seems clearly defined, that
when his reputation as a lawyer, publisher and
journalist has faded in the light of subsequent
events, his name will be recalled indefinitely by
those who have profited by his farsightedness,
clear reasoning power, and practical common
sense, in directing them to the scene of their
unfailing harvests, and their peaceful homes in
an ideal locality.

The youth of Mr. Broughton was spent in his
native town of Tonawanda, Erie county, N. Y..

where he was born July 29, 1836. His pre-
liminary law experience was gained in the office
of W. W. Thayer, since governor of Oregon,
and also judge on the supreme court bench of
that state. After coining to California in 1859
he combined the practice of his profession with
newspaper work, and among the different
papers which have been founded, edited and
published by him may be mentioned the Santa
Cruc Enterprise, started in 1874, and now
merged into the Santa Cruz Surf; the AVic Age,
which first saw the light in 1865, a San Fran-
cisco periodical now in its thirty-si.xth year, and
which was the first Odd Fellows' weekly paper
published in the United States; and the Lom-
poc Record, founded in 1875, and at present
continuing the success to which it is by reason
of long years accustomed.

In 1870 Mr. Broughton conceived the idea of
colonizing the Lompoc valley, and in further-
ance of his desire visited Colonel Hollister, one
of the owners of the Lompoc rancho of forty-six
thousand acres. The grand old pioneer thought
well of the plan proposed by Mr. Broughton,
and negotiations were at once instituted for the
consummation of the same. In the meantime
the Record was doing a large business in
placing before the public the merits of the val-
ley, and the interest in the colonization became
widespread. The Lompoc colony lands em-
brace all the territory of the Lompoc and Mis-
sion Vieja de la Purisima ranchos, and the
title is by United States patent. The lands
border for seven miles on the Pacific ocean and
extend back from the coast about twelve miles.
The original Lompoc rancho containing 38,-
335. 78 acres of land, was granted by the Mex-
ican government to Jose Antonio Carrillo, April
15, 1837, and the Mission Vieja, containing
four thousand four hundred and forty acres,
\\.as granted to Joaquin and Jose Antonio Car-
rillo. November 26, 1845. Carrillo sold the land
to the More brothers, they sold to the Hollis-
ters, Dibblees and Cooper, who in turn disposed
of it to a stock company negotiating for the
colonies. The main valley consists of thirteen
thousand acres, and the Santa Ynez river runs
westerly through the ranchos, for twelve miles
forming their northern boundary.

The name Lompoc is from the Indian, mean-
ing lagoon, or little lake. The price paid for the
colony lands was $500,000, payable in ten annual
installments, and the capital stock was divided
into one hundred shares of $5,000 each. In the
deed was placed an iron-clad clause providing
against the manufacture or sale, upon the lands
of the colony, of any intoxicat-'ng beverage. The
land was surveyed, and divided into tracts of
five, ten, twenty, forty, and eighty acres, and a
mile square was reserved for the town site near
the center of the valley. November 9, 1874,
occurred the auction sale of the lots, amount-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ing to more than $700,000 for city and farm
tracts, about thirty-five thousand acres remain-
ing unsold, for which the former owners offered
$270,000. Soon building- operations were be-
gun, and within an incredibly short time nearly
a hundred families were occupying their new
homes. By 1875 the tow-n of Lompoc bore
manv evidences of enterprise, supporting be-
sides' the Record, a physician, a justice and
a notary. From time to time much difficulty
was experienced holding to the original resolu-
tions regarding prohibition, and eventually the
communitv yielded to high license. Owmg to
its high moral character, an unusually large
number of people have been attracted to the
Lompoc region, and this, added to the manifold
natural advantages of rich alluvial soil, and the
possibilitv of raising the most diversified crops,
has converted this part of Santa Barbara county
into an ideal residence section. The flood water
of the Santa Ynez river will in the near future
be utilized for irrigation purposes. It is need-
less to sav that the work connected with the
carrying out of so large a scheme was stupen-
dous, and the fact that jMr. Broughton was the
vital force, and the guiding hand at the helm,
place him in the position of being one of the
greatest benefactors that the county of Santa
Barbara has known. An active Democrat, he
has filled almost every position of trust within
the gift of the people of his town. He is now
serving his third term as supervisor, and has
been chairman of the board. He is also presi-
dent of the town council of Lompoc, with which
he has been connected since the incorporation.
The marriage of Mr. Broughton and Amanda
Elizabeth Anthony occurred in 1862, Mrs.
Broughton being the only daughter of George
T. Anthony, a well-known citizen of Santa Cruz.
The Anthony family comes from New England
and has many Quakers among its members.
They have ever exerted a strong moral influence
in the communities with which they have been
connected; one of their members, Charles V
Anthony, is at present a retired clergyman, re-
siding in San Francisco. Mrs. Broughton was
born in Fort Wayne, Ind.. in 1848, and is the
mother of seven sons and five daughters, of
whom three daughters and five sons are now
living.

OTHO M. JONES. The business career of
Otho M. Jones has been so closely identified
with that of his father, Hon. A. H. Jones, that
a resume of the mercantile experiences of the
latter must of necessity shed considerable light
upon the success of the former. Few more in-
teresting personalities have invaded the com-
mercial ranks of Long Beach than that of the
Hon. A. H. Jones, who was born in Asheville,
N. C, and came of a prominent old Virginia
family. His first impressions of life were gained

on the farm of his father, George Jones, a large
land owner, and afterward he embarked upon
a mercantile enterprise in Hendersonville, Hen-
derson county, N. C. Although of southern .
birth his sympathies were entirely on the side
of the Union, and when the strife between the
north and south culminated in the declaration
of war, his one thought was to reach the Union
lines. This proved a hazardous undertaking to
say the least, and after an exciting trip, inter-
spersed with many adventures and hardships, he
was captured in Tennessee and imprisoned in
Richmond, Va. Through the exercise of strat-
egy he was enabled to escape in 1862, and once
through the Confederate lines he remained in
the north until the restoration of peace. In the
meantime his wife and boys remained on the
southern farm at the mercy of the injustice of
the Confederacy, and suiifering great depriva-
tions. Needless to say that his return w^as hailed
with delight. Almost immediately ]\Ir. Jones
embarked upon a journalistic venture in Hen-
dersonville, publishing the Pioneer of that town,
the same being later removed to Asheville. In
the meantime he was a member of the state con-
stitutional convention, and helped to frame the
laws, and in 1868 was elected a member of con-
gress from his district, and re-elected in 1870.
At the termination of his service in congress
he engaged in the hotel business in Washing-
ton, D. C, and afterwards engaged in farming
in Prince George county, Md. Upon returning
to Asheville, N. C, he engaged in the mercantile
business for eight years, and as before took a
leading part in the conduct of town affairs.

With the opening of the Oklahoma strip in
1889, Mr. Jones availed himself of the remark-
able opportunity and bought a claim near Nor-
man and engaged in farming and stock-raising.
He also became interested in the mercantile
business and bought the ground and built two
store buildings and laid in a fine stock of gro-
ceries. His business was conducted in partner-
ship with his son, Otho M., the firm name being
Jones & Son. Mr. Jones remained in Okla-
homa until 1807. when he came to Long Beach
and bought the corner lot upon which was
erected the Jones building, and which is thirty-
two by fifty-two feet in ground dimensions and
two stories high. Here he started the large
mercantile business which is now managed and
owned by his son, and in which he was vitally
interested up to the time of his death, January
29, 1901. He was a stanch Republican, and was
a member of the old-time Methodist Episcopal
Church. In Hendersonville, N. C, he married
Sarah D. Brittain, a native of North Carolina,
and a daughter of William Brittain, a farmer
in that state. Mrs. Jones, who survives her
husband, is the mother of five children, four of
whom are living, Otho M. beine the youngest.
Two daughters are living in North Carolina.

(/Y-crrr^J^ (o J i/l/iXo £AAJ

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1151

and the other son, Thaddeus W., has distin-
guished himself in the United States army, of
which he is still a member. He is a graduate
of West Point, on the Hudson, and during the
Spanish-American war began to serve with the
rank of major, and for meritorious conduct at
the battle of Santiago was appointed to the rank
of lieutenant-colonel of a regiment of United
States Volunteer Infantry.

Otho M. Jones was born January 5, 1850, and
was educated in the public schools and spent
two years at the East Tennessee University,
now' the Grant University, at Athens, Tenn. He
then discontinued further study to engage in
business with his father, and has ever since
been a member of the firm of Jones, Son & Co.
Since the death of the elder man he has had
entire control of the large business, and he is
among the foremost substantial men of Long
Beach. He is a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, and like his father is affiliated
with the Republican party.

JEROME CALVIN WILSON. In addition
to his business interests in Santa Barbara, Mr.
Wilson is associated with oil enterprises in the
Summerland district, where he began to put
down wells in December, 1894, and has since
become the owner of eighty wells in the same
locality, besides owning the water right and the
water system there. His Santa Barbara inter-
ests include the ownership of the Olympic sta-
bles, opposite the Arlington hotel, and the
Blackhawk stables, corner of Cota and Chapala
streets, in both of which he conducts a large
livery, feed and sale business.

The Wilson family comes from Scotch ances-
try. David Wilson was a native of the north of
Ireland, whither his ancestors had fled to es-
cape religious persecution. He came to America
on an English man-of-war and settled at Lon-
donderry, N. H., later being a pioneer farmer
of St. Johnsbury, Vt., where he died at a great
age. In religion he was of the forceful Scotch
Presbyterian type. His son, James, a native
of Vermont, and a soldier in the war of 1812,
engaged in farming until his death at Sutton,
Caledonia county, Vt., at eighty years. Next
in line of descent was Calvin Wilson, a native
of Vermont, and for fifty years a resident on the
same farm, but since 1888 making his honie
with his son in Santa Barbara. Elizabeth, wife
of Calvin Wilson, was born in Glover, Vt.. and
died in Santa Barbara, Cal., May 13, 1901, when
almost eighty years of age. Her father, Lindon
French, was a" native and farmer of Kirby, Vt.,
and of English descent. He married a member
of the old" Massachusetts family of Howards.

The family of Calvin and Elizabeth Wilson
consisted of ten children, eight of whom are
living, namely: Jerome C: Charles Austin, of
Santa Barbara; Henrv, who is in San Fran-

cisco; James W., who has a livery business in
Santa Barbara; Mrs. Elvira Bessil, also of this
city; Mrs. Lilla Russell, of Los Angeles;
Alonzo R., a farmer living in Hollis, N. H.;
and Mrs. Rosette Rice, who lives near the old
homestead in Vermont. Jerome Calvin Wilson
was born in Caledonia county, Vt., April 20,
1849, and received his education in the Sutton
grammar and high schools. Going to Boston
m 1869, he became interested in a mercantile
business, and remained in that city until he
came to California in 1885. For a year he car-
ried on a restaurant business in San Francisco,
and in 1886 came to Santa Barbara. Soon after
his arrival he rented a lot on the corner of Cota
and Chapala streets On the lot stood an old
shed, and in this he began a livery business.
A year later he bought the lot and has since
purchased adjoining property and removed the
old buildings, erecting in their place a two-story
stable of larger dimensions on Cota and Chapala
streets. In the raising of standard-bred horses
he is meeting with some success, and now owns,
among others, Maggie E., record 2:17. He is
the owner of a farm of seven hundred and fifty
acres in the San Fernando valley, two and one-
half miles from Pacomia, on the Southern Pa-
cific road. Of this tract three hundred acres are
in barley, one hundred and eighty in apricots,
producing a crop valued at $20,000 annually,
one hundred and eighty acres in peaches, pro-
ducing fine crops, and ninety acres in olives.
In addition to this place he owns other tracts
of farm land in the county, besides his various
holdings in Santa Barbara city and county. He
is a member of the now well-known Guarantee
Oil and Refining Company of Beaumont, Tex.

Politically Mr. Wilson is a Republican. He
is a charter member both of the Knights of
Pythias and the Benevolent Protective Order
of Elks, and is actively connected with the Odd
Fellows. He was made a Mason in Lodge No.
242, A. F. & A. M., and is now also connected
vvith Chapter No. 51, R. A. M., St. Omar Com-
mandery No. 30, K. T., Al Malakiah Temple,
N. M. S., and Bruce Consistory of Los Angeles.
He is a charter member of the Santa Barbara
Chamber of Commerce. His marriage tooic
place in this city May 6, 1890, and united him
with Miss Lillie Renwick. who came to Califor-
nia with her father, John Renwick, now of Lom-
poc. The two children of Mr. and Mrs. Wilson
are named Roy and Ruth.

CHARLES B. McCAY. The vast grain and
stock-raising possibilities of Ventura county
have been utilized by Charles B. McCay, who
lias been a resident of California since >Covem-
ber, 1873, 3"d is accounted one of the author-
ities on stock and agriculture in this part of the
state. He was born in Steubenville, Jefferson
county, Ohio, in 1848, a son of Joseph and Fan-

1153

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

nie (Day) McCay, the former a native of Penn-
£vlvania, and for many years well known as one
o'l the experitni.ed Ohio river men. The parents
died in L/hio, where ihcir son, Charles B., re-
ceived a common-school education and in com-
paratively early life acquired a fair knowledge
of general business. Upon removing to Cali-
fornia he lived for twelve years in Hueneme,
wliere he became identified with building and
niercaniile interests, and, as the second meat-
marketman, built the first store of any size in
the town.

At the present time Mr. McCay has a ranch
of five thousand acres, called Canada Verda,
and located thiny-two miles east of Ventura.
Upon its broad and fertile meadows graze nine
hundred head of cattle and horses, and some
of the finest of their kind are the result of the
methoils of breeding here adopted. An addi-
tional responsibilitv was assumed by Mr. Mc-
Cay in 1888, at which time he took charge of
the ranch of the Simi Land and Water Com-
pany, which, at the time, contained ninety-six
thousand acres, and of which Senator Bard was
president. The present holder of the position is
Dr. Cochrr.n, of Los Angeles, and the land has
been disposed of until but eight thousand acres
remain, over which Mr. McCay has still entire
management. The staple crop is wheat and
barley, and there are still three thousand acres
of tillable land for sale. For the accommoda-
tion of travelers, the Simi hotel has been erected
at the east end of the valley, and here are
housed Mr. McCay and family. The railroad
station is also on the premises.

While living in Ohio, in 1872, Mr. McCay
married Lizzie B. Garrett, a native of Pennsyl-
vania, and of this union there are two children.
Henry is a graduate of the Los Angeles Busi-
ness College and is interested in the iron works
at Bakersfield. Nellie is also a graduate of the
Los Angeles Business College, and is living at
home. Mr. McCay is a Republican in national
politics, and cast his first presidential vote for
Rutherford B. Hayes.

WESLEY L. STEVENS. When looking
around for a suitable location, in 1893, Mr.
Stevens visited Long Beach, which was then a
smair town with scarcely five hundred people.
Finding the climate equable and delightful he
determined to establish his home here and
accordingly purchased the hardware business
of L. A. Bailey. Since then he has continued
the business at the same site and in the same
building, the htter b:ing 25x100 feet in dimen-
sions and two stories in height, and stanling: on
the corner of Second and Pine streets. Through
the admission of his son, Spencer R., as a
partner, in 1898, the firm title became W. L.
Stevens & Son.

Near Meadowgap, Huntingdon rnunty. Pa..

W. L. Stevens was born December 25, 1842, the
thirteenth child and youngest son of Benedict
Stevens. His grandfather, Benedict, Sr., was
a son of a Vermonter who settled in Hunting-
don county, Pa., and who was of Scotch-Irish
descent. In the parental family there were fif-
teen children, ail but two of whom attained
mature years, and seven are living. Those in
California are Wesley L., Frank D. and Mrs.
Rebecca J. Weight, of Pasadena. Five of the
sons served in the Civil war, F. D. being in the
Twelfth Pennsylvania Reserves; William H.,
chaplain of the 'One Hundred and F"orty-eighth
Pennsylvania Infantry; B. T. in the Twenty-
second' Pennsylvania Cavalry; David W., who
was killed in' the battle of the Wilderness,
served in the Twelfth Pennsylvania Reserves;
and Wesley L. was at the front during much of
the war.

When the first ell came for volunteers, in

1861, Wesley L. Stevens enlisted for three
months, but found the quota filled. September
8 of the same year he volunteered in Company
B, One Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania In-
fantr\', and w^as mustered in for three years at
Camp Grossman. How-ever, after the battle oi
Winchester he became seriously ill and was con-
fined in the hospital for some time, after which
he received an honorable discharge July 17,

1862, by reason of physical disability. For some
months he remained at home recuperating and
as soon as his health was regained he again
ofifered his services to the Union. June 16,
1S63, his name was enrolled in Company A,
Twenty-second Pennsylvania Cavalry, and he
served in the Shenandoah valley until he was
honorably discharged at Harrisburg, February
5, 1864. His final enlistment took place August
29, 1864, when he was mustered into Com-
pany K, Two Hundred and Second Pennsyl-
vania Infantry, at Harrisburg, after which he
was sent to the Shenandoah and served on de-
tached duty, finally being mustered out at Har-
risburg August 3, 1865, by reason of the special
order discharging all soldiers at the close of
the war. During his service with the Twenty-
second he took part in a number of cavalry
dashes and saw considerable hard fighting.

Soon after the close of the war Mr. Stevens
entered the Iron City College at Pittsburg,
where he remained until graduating. In 1867
ht'. opened a general merchandise store at Three
Springs, Huntingdon county, where he was also
a member of the first board of city trustees.
In 1883 he bought out the hardware business
of his brother, Frank D., at Mount Union, Pa.,
and continued there until 1886, when he sold
out, came to Ca'iforn-a, and formed a partner-
ship wdth his brother, F. D.. in Pasadena. The
Stevens Hardware Company became the largest
of its kind in the city and the proprietors were
also active in the buying and selling of real

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

estate. The loss of health forced Wesley L. to
sell his interest in the business, after which he
set out and superintended an orange grove in ■
Pasadena, continuing at that occupation until
he had regained his health, when he came to
Long Beach. Here he recently completed an
attractive and commodious residence of three
stories on the corner of Fourth and Cedar
streets. Politically he is a Republican, and in
religion a member and trustee of the Meth-
od'st Episcopal Church. He is connected with
the Master Plumbers Association of Long
Beach and Long Beach Post No. i8o, G. A. R.
In Harri?burg, Pa., he married Sarah Jane
Keister, who was born near Maddensville,
Huntingdon county. Pa. They have twelve
children, viz.: Lou May, a bookkeeper for her
father; Raymond B. and Spencer R., both asso-
ciated with the business; Winnie, in Los An-
geles; Chester W., a plumber in Pasadena;
Dyson, a plumber einployed by his father;
Mitchell, who is employed in a meat market at
Long Beach; Ina, Myrtie, Claudine, Beatrice
and Viola.

Rev. Frank G. H., a minister in the Methodist
Episcopal denommation; and Kingsley N., of
Pasadena.

FRANK D. STEVENS. In Huntingdon
county. Pa., Frank D. Stevens was born March
13, 1841, a son of Benedict and Eva (Ow) Stev-
ens, nat'ves of Pennsylvania. He was reared
on the home farm and received a common-
school education. In March, 1862, he enlisted
in Company I, Twelfth Pennsylvania Reserves,
army of the Potomac, and took part in the bat-
tles of Mechanicsviile, White Oak Swamp,
Fredericksburg (where he was twice wounded),
Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Mine Run and
Bristow Station. During the campaign in the
Wilderness he was captured and for nine
months was kept in prisons in Georgia and
South Carolina, but was finally paroled in
March, 1865, and the next month was honor-
ably discharged with the rank of first lieuten-
ant. Returning to Pennsylvania he began in
the hardware business at Mount Union, where
he remained for seventeen years. Coming from
there to California he spent a year in Los An-
gles and then came to Pasadena, where he is
the head of the Stevens Hardware Company at
No. 8 East Colorado street, and is also a direct-
or of the Pasadena Lake Vineyard Land and
Water Company. He has been commander of
John F. Godfrey Post No. 95, G. A. R., and is a
trustee of the First Methodist Episcopal Church
of Pasadena. While living in Pennsylvania he
married Annie A. Bush and after her death
was united with Anna Hiney, who died in Los
Angeles in 1886. Later he married Dora M.
Bucher, of Philadelphia. Five children were
born of his first marriage, one of whom, Ethel
F., is deceased. Those living are .Arthur B., of
Pasadena; Claudine D., Mrs. W. A. BenshofI;

E. W. OLNEY. The name of Olney is de-
rived from an island in the Severn river, iing-
land, and the emigratmg ancestor was one of
the venturesome voyageurs wno landed on
Massachusetts' shores trom that historic crait,
the Mayflower. E. W. Olney, rancher, and one
of the most popular and enterprising citizens of
Gardena, was born in Chenango county, N. Y.,
March 7, 1840, and is a son of Rensselaer Jesse
Olney, born at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., in it$07.
The elder Olney removed from New York to
Illinois when his son, E. \V., was five years of
age, and settled on a farm of eighty acres in the
town of Ivingston, DeKalb county, where he
died at the age of seventy-eight 'years. His
father, Jesse, was born at Stillwater, Saratoga
county, N. Y., in 1755, and, having qualified
as a practicing physician, continued to live
among his native surroundings up to the time
of his death, in 1810. In 1831 Rensselaer Olney
married Rachel Ireland, born in New York, and
daughter of Thomas Ireland, who came from his
native country, England, to the United States
in young manhood, and was a farmer during the
years of his activity, being successful and prom-
inent in the locality in which he lived.

The youth of Mr. Olney was spent in the vi-
cinity of Chicago, 111., where he was educated
in the public schools, and engaged in farming
on his own responsibility. In response to the
need of the Union he served during the Civil
war in Company F, Thirteenth Illinois Infantry
(the first regiment that was mustered into the
Government service from Illinois for three
years), and during his service was under Gen-
eral Sherman for the most of the time. He
saw much of the terrible and grewsome side of
warfare, and received a gunshot wound in his
left shoulder which necessitated eleven months
of hospital treatment. He was muftered out in
Springfield, 111., ard the following year ex-
changed his occupation of farming for that of a
clerkship in an hotel. Thereafter he turned his
attention to the buying of wheat in Iowa, and
for five years this proved a profitable business.
He then removed to Nebraska and homesteaded
one hundred and sixty acres of land near Lin-
coln. In 1897 he settled in Gardena upon an'
alfalfa ranch of five acres. The California prop-
erty of Mr. Olney is well improved, and utilized
for alfalTa and deciduous fruits.

In Sycamore, DeKalb county. 111.. Mr. Olnev
married Elizabeth D. Dunlap' a daughter of
David Vescelius, who moved to Michigan with
his parents when but a boy. and 'ater settled
in Illinois. He married Pptience Mitchell, who
was born near Liverpool. England and came to
America with her uncle when twelve years of

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

age, settling near White Pigeon, Mich. Mr.
and Mrs. Olney have no children of their own,
but adopted a daughter, Kitty, who by her first
husband, Abner Thomson, had one child, Olney
Thomson, now adopted into the family of Mr.
and Mrs. Olney. Mrs. Thomson married a sec-
ond time, being now the wife of William Bry-
ant of Gardena.

Mr. Olney is a Republican in politics, and
served as supervisor while living in Nebraska.
He is fraternally associated with the blue lodge
of Masons in Kingston, DeKalb county. 111..
and the Modern Woodmen of America. H'e is
president and a director of the Gardena Water
Company, and is treasurer and a director of the
Co-operative Creamery Company of Gardena.
Mrs. Olney is a member of the Royal Neigh-
bors of America. Mr. Olney is one of the sub-
stantial, large-hearted, and public-spirited men
of this community, has one of the most beauti-
ful ranches for many miles around, and has
hosts of friends who appreciate his fine personal
characteristics and pronounced success.

JOHN ROBERTS. That Mr. Roberts pos-
sesses those sterling and common-sense attri-
butes in accord with developing conditions, no
one questions, for his life has been cast in pio-
neer grooves, and during a long and well-di-
rected career he has started a couple of towns
and assisted at the early upbuilding of others.
When he first came to Long Beach, in 1884, the
aggregate of residences, barns and outbuildings
was seventeen, and this nucleus of future pros-
perity had need of just such enterprise and wise
conservatism as characterized the industry of
this honored citizen. In August of the year of
his arrival he constructed a home with his own
hands, having completed which he engaged in
the lumber business as manager of the San Pedro
Lumber Company at this point, and he sold the
first lumber in the village, thus encouraging
building and general trade. In this capacity
he contmued until his resignation in 1888, since
which time, though practically retired from ac-
tive business life, he has contributed in an all
around general way to the best interests of the
town of his adoption.

The emigrating ancestor of the Roberts fam-
ily was one Cadwallader Roberts, who left the
home of his forefathers in Wales and settled in
Montgomery county, Pa., soon after the set-
tlement of that state. He was a member of
the Society of Friends, as were many of his lat-
ter-day descendants. The paternal grandfather,
Ezekiel, was born in Pennsylvania and settled
in Ontario about 1800, but after the war of 1812
removed to Belmont county, Ohio, where he
engaged in farming. He afterwards located at
Samantha, in Highland county, and was there
extensively interested in the nursery business.

He also was a member of the Society of Friends.
While living in Ontario his son, Charles, the
•father of John Roberts, was born, and later
became a farmer in Belmont county, Ohio, and
in 1845 removed to what was then Delaware
county, near Mount Gilead. His death occurred
in Chariton, Lucas county, Iowa. After his
marriage to Sarah Harris, a native of Belmont
county, he departed from the faith of his an-
cestors and accepted the teachings of the Meth-
odist Church, in v/hich he had implicit confi-
dence for the remainder of his life. The Harris
family came from old Virginia stock, and John
Harris, the father of Mrs. Roberts, was born in
old Virginia, whither his family had removed,
and where they were surrounded with Indians.
After the Civil war the father and mother re-
moved with their children to Akron, Mo., and
later to Iowa, where both eventually died. There
were thirteen children born of this union, eight
of whom are living, John Roberts being the old-
est of all, and the only one in California. One
of the sons, Wright, served during the Civil war
in the Forty-third Ohio Infantry, and at Corinth,
Miss., had his left hand shot to pieces. He now
lives in Harrison county, Mo.

John Roberts was born in Belmont county,
Ohio, June 16, 1831, and in his boyhood days
attended the early subscription schools, sup-
plemented by a partial course at the Wesleyan
University at Delaware, Ohio. Owing to illness
he was obliged to shorten his study at the latter
institution, and he therefore turned his attention
to farming in Ohio, until his removal to Iowa
in 1856. Upon settling in Montezuma, Powe-
sliiek county, he worked at the carpenter's trade
until October of 1857, when he started across
the plains with a horse team and wagon, cross-
ing the Missouri river at Nebraska City, and
locating in Otoe county. Neb., at the head of
the Little Nemaha river, surrounded by a wil-
derness of prairie. While there he helped to
locate and found the town of Palmyra, and also
named it, and contributed much towards its
early development. In the immediate vicinity
thereof he cleared and improved tw'o farms, but
that he might better educate his children, even-
tually disposed of his interests and moved to
Nebraska City. His life at the head of the Little
Nemaha w-as replete with interest and also with
vicissitude, for during the first two years of his
residence there he was nine miles from his near-
est neighbor. He first pre-empted one hundred
and sixty acres of land, and in 1865 homestcaded
another farm the same size, and he was one of
the first settlers of that now flourishing region.
For four years also he was connected with the
overland stage, and in this way became familiar
with the extreme wildness in surroundings, and
in humanity as represented among the crude
but promising conditions.

After removing to Nebraska City, Mr. Rob-

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

erts was a delegate the same fall to the national
convention at Philadelphia, convened for the
second nomination of General Grant for the
presidency. In 1873 he was appointed outside
deputy internal revenue collector for the north-
ern half of Nebraska, the division line being the
Platte river, and the headquarters in Omaha.
This responsibility was dutifully discharged
until 1878, at the close of which year he took
up his residence in Lincoln, another town which
he had helped to plan and locate. He there
engaged in a manufacturing business, with fair
success, until failing health rendered a change
imperative. He therefore came to California in
1884, and after a few months in Los Angeles set-
tled permanently in Long Beach. He was a
member and president of the first and second
city councils, and mayor also, these services cov-
ering in all seven years. He helped to form the
city government, and rendered invaluable serv-
ice by his wise and practical counsel, and his
thorough knowledge of municipal life in all its
bearings. Assisted by an earnest and efficient
board of trustees, he brought about the con-
struction of the Long Beach pier, which, more
than any other factor in the historv of the town,
has completed the prosperity at present pre-
vailing. Another advance due to his energy and
forethought was the securing of the franchise
for the terminal railroad which, without his as-
sistance, had been long delayed.

Thrice married, the first union of Mr. Rob-
erts was in Morrow county, Ohio, with Mary
Barrett, a native of that county, and who died
in Ohio in December of 1852. Of this marriage
there was one child, Mary, who is now the wife
of C. O. Mortley, of Centerburg, Kno.x county,
Ohio. The second Mrs. Roberts was formerly
Sarah A. McKee. a native of Morrow countv,
Ohio, and who died in Long Beach. Of this
union there were the following children: Charles
H.. who is a graduate pharmacist from a New
York college, and is now a traveling salesman
in West Virginia for Park, Davis & Co., of De-
troit, Mich.; Sarah E., who is the wife of Dr.
Steer, of Long Beach; Ida Frances, who is now
Mrs. Christv. of Los Angeles; Eda Bell and
Eva Dell, twins, and now Mrs. Fleming, of Los
Angeles, and Mrs. Welsh, of the same town:
John, who died at the age of five years; and
Dwight J., who is a practicing physician of
Los Angeles, and a graduate of the Hahne-
mann College, Chicago. The third marriage of
Mr. Roberts occurred in Long Beach, and
united him with Mrs. Clara F. (Richardson)
Mever, a native of Canada, and a resident of
California since 1889. Mr. Roberts is a stanch
Republican, and was formerly a Whig. In
Palmyra, Neb., he was justice of the peace, and
was a member of the board of county commis-
sioners for three years. In Nebraska Citv he
was made a Mason, identified with Western

State Lodge No. 2, and is at present connected
with the Long Beach Lodge No. 327.

DAVID HARRIS. Integrity and persever-
ance were the foundation stones upon which
Mr. Harris built the superstructure of an honor-
able life. These qualities were his by inherit-
ance from a long line of Welsh forefathers, as
\yell as by careful training in a Christian home.
His boyhood was passed in Glamorganshire,
Wales, where he was born May 24, 1821, and
where his father, David, Sr. was a miner. It
was but natural that he, too, should learn min-
ing and follow the occupation which was the
principal industry in his shire. Indeed, he could
scarcely remember when he first began to work
in the mines, as his recollections at seven years
were of such scenes and such labor. Coming
to the United States about 1843, he located at
Niles, Ohio, where he laid the first stone on the
foundation of the rolling mills at that place.
He ne.xt went to the copper mines in Michigan,
and from there went to Pittsburg, Pa., where
he was married, and then returned to Gallipo-
lis, Ohio, where he superintended in mines. On
going to Ohio he bought one hundred and
fifteen acres and upon that place was the super-
intendent of coal mines, but later he laid out
the land and built up the town of Mineral
Ridge, of which he was virtually the founder.
As a partner of John Morris (brother of David
Morris), under the firm name of Harris & Mor-
ris, he operated mines of his own, and attained
a degree of success which his industry and de-
termination well merited. Having been familiar
with mining from childhood, his fertile mind
had grasped every detail of the industry, and
his judgment in every detail of the business was
regarded as authoritative. Not only did he pos-
sess broad views and original ideas, but he also
had the energy and ability to execute these plans,
and in the prime of his life he reaped the reward
of the preceding years of toil and application.
In 1873 he moved to Denver, Colo., and bought
a residence in that city. However, after some
years, deciding that Los Angeles offered special
advantages in climate, he came to this city in
March, 1882, and afterward lived retired, with
the exception of a general oversight of his in-
terests. His death occurred here January 10,
i8y6, when he was seventy-six years and six
months old. Fraternally he was connected with
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having
joined that order in Wales. In politics he was
a Republican.

April 13, 1848, in Pittsburg, Pa., Mr. Harris
married Miss Margaret Jones, who was born
in Brownsville, Pa., a daughter of Daniel and
Mary (Young) Jones, the former a native of
Glamorganshire, Wales, and the latter born near
Brownsville. When twenty-one years of age

115G

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Mr. Jones came to America and settled in Pitts-
burg, where he engaged in the hotel business.
His death occurred in Pittsburg when he was
fifty-two years of age. In all of the labors of
Mr. Harris his wife proved a wise counselor and
true helpmate, and the credit for much of his
success he gave to her. With a sincere desire
to be an influence for good in the world, she
has given aid to religious and philanthropic
movements. Since coming to Los Angeles she
has been an active member of the First Chris-
tian Church, in the work of which she takes a
deep interest.

J. H. HASSINGER. The Hassinger family
is among the oldest in Pennsylvania. Samuel
K. Hassinger, who was a merchant in Dauphin
county, removed from Pennsylvania to Ne-
braska in 1870 and settled near Palmyra, Otoe
county. His death occurred at Hastings, that
state, March 4, 1893. While living in the east
he married Mary S. Barnes, who was born in
Westmoreland county. Pa., of an old family
there, and who died June 16, 1863. Their first
child, a son, died in infancy. J. H., born in La-
trobe. Pa., May 4, 1859, accompanied his father
to Nebraska when he was eleven years of age,
and grew to manhood in Otoe county. While
still a boy he became familiar with the car-
penter's trade, and in 1881 went to North
Platte, where he turned his attention to mer-
chandising and afterward engaged in farm-
ing. For five years he was postmaster at Nesbit,
Logan county, Neb., was also county auditor
for three years and treasurer of the school dis-
trict for nine years.

On coming to California in 1894 Mr. Has-
singer at once settled at Ocean Park, where he
now makes his home. The village at that time
was in an embryo state, containing few possi-
bilities of future growth or prosperity. Believ-
ing thai it had many advantages of climate and
location, he invested in property here and de-
termined to identify himself with the town's
future growth, a decision which he has not had
cause to regret. In the intervening years he
has built almost one hundred and fifty build-
ings, and has done much to promote the welfare
of the place. While living in Nebraska he was
married at North Platte, April 5, 1882, to Miss
Ella M. Jones, who was born in Owasso, Mich.
Her parents, Thomas J. and Nancy A. (Bogue)
Jones, were natives respectively of Virgil and
Roche jver, N. Y., and in 1872 settled at North
Platte, Neb., where Mr. Jones followed sheep
ranching. During the early days he was a
famous buffalo hunter, and his success in bring-
ing down his game made his name familiar
throughout the hunting regions of the west.
Mr. and Mrs. Hassinger have three children
now living, Thomas Hamilton, Charles Bogue
and Ella June. Their three eldest children died

before leaving Nebraska, and in Ocean Park an-
other child died in infancy, February 22., 1895.

The political views of Mr. Hassinger bring
I'.im into sympathy with the Republican party,
whose \^\Q\\ and measures he supports. Realiz-
ing the need of a well-equipped fire department
in Ocean Park, he has been interested in the
securing of the same and is now officiating as
its secretary and treasurer. The Santa Monica
Board of Trade numbers him among its mem-
bers. Fraternally he is associated with the
JNIodern Woodmen of America, and in religion
is of the Unitarian belief. His identification
with Ocean Park has been intimate and long-
extended, and it is worthy of note that he acted
as the first agent of Kinney & Ryan in the
management of their tract and the beach. All
through the period of his residence at the beach
he has proved himself an enterprising citizen,
with the firmest faith in the future of Ocean
Park and its increasing popularity as an attrac-
tive resort.

L. W. DREWS. The spring of 1894 found
Mr. Drews a new comer in California, and he has
since made Moneta his home. He was born in
Leavenworth, Kans., May 14, 1871, being a son
of Rudolph and Catherine (Kempter) Drews,
natives of Germany. When a boy of fourteen
years the father left his native city, Hamburg,
and with his parents crossed the ocean to Amer-
ica, settling in New Orleans. In that city he
studied to be an architect. However, when the
news of the discovery of gold in California
reached him, he dropped all his work and at
once started for the far west. By means of a
sailing vessel that ploughed its slow course
down the Atlantic, around the Horn and up the
Pacific, he arrived in San Francisco in 1850.
In order to secure the means necessary for a
livelihood he worked at his trade, but carried
on mining pursuits at the same time. During
1852 he crossed the plains to Kansas and es-
tablished his headquarters in Leavenworth,
from which point he engaged in the freighting
business to Pike"s Peak. Those were the days
of large freighting expeditions, when people
were moving westward in great throngs, and
hence his wagons were constantly in use. With
the money thus earned he bought a farm of
eighty acres near Leavenworth, and subse-
quently increased his possessions by the pur-
chase of two hundred and twenty acres in tlie
same locality. When he had accumulated suffi-
cient for his old age and wished to retire from
active farm cares, he came to California in 1899,
and settled at Moneta, where his death occurred
at the age of sixty-seven years. His wife had
accompanied her parents to the United States
when she was twelve years of age, and for a
time lived in Illinois, but later removed to

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1159

Leavenworth, Kans., near which city her father
homesteaded one hundred and sixty acres.

The boyhood years of L. W. Drews were
passed in the common schools and on the
home farm. Leaving Kansas in 1894, he came
to CaHfornia and settled at Moneta, where he
bought thirteen acres. At this writing he owns
twenty-two acres altogether, and has a neat and
comfortable home. The improvements on the
place speak of his energy and perseverance, and
his desire to transform the land into one of the
most productive ranches of the community.
Another enterprise that commands his support
and attention is the Moneta cannery, of which
he is vice-president and a director. In addition,
he owns one-half interest in a gas pumping
plant, with a capacity of one hundred inches,
the water from which is sold to other ranchers.

The lady who presides over the home of Mr.
Drews was formerly Nellie Becker, and was
born in Leavenworth, Kans. Her father, Val-
entine Becker, was a native of Germany, but
came to America in early manhood and after-
ward devoted himself to farm pursuits near
Leavenworth. While Mr. Drews is not a parti-
san in the usual sense of that word, he is a
stanch and pronounced Democrat and believes
thoroughly in supporting party principles. Fra-
ternally he is connected with the Rathbone Sis-
ters, Knights of Pythias, Uniform Rank, and
the Independent Order of Foresters.

JOHN D. CHAFFEE, M. D., whost home-
stead, The Pines, forms one of the most valua-
ble properties at Garden Grove, is a member
of an old English family that settled in Ver-
mont. His father, Eber C, was born near Bel-
lows Falls, that state, and was the son of Rufus
Chaffee, a farmer. When a youth he learned
the trades of tanner and currier, but after re-
moving, in 1839, to Kane county, 111, he turned
his attention to agriculture, and unproved a
farm of four hundred acres in Campton town-
ship. He married Anna Davis, who was born in
Rutland county, Vt., of Welsh and English de-
scent. Both died on their homestead in Illinois.
Of their twelve children all but two attamed ma-
ture years. They were as follows: Mrs. Sarah
M. Johnson, who died at Batavia, 111.; Sereno
S., who died in Los Angeles, Cal; Fernando H..
who resides in Illinois; Mrs. Marcia Ryder, of
Clinton, Iowa; Edmond, who died in Texas
during the Civil war; Alonzo, of Wasco, 111.;
Dorr B., who served in an Illinois regiment dur-
ing the Rebellion and is now a farmer at Gar-
den Grove, Cal.; John D.; Simon E., also a vet-
eran of the Civil war, and now living in Wasco,
111., being freight solicitor for the Great West-
ern railroad; and Albert, a farmer of Garden
Grove.

Near Elgin, Kane county. 111., Dr. Chafifec
was born November 5, 1843. On completing
the studies of the district schools he attended
Mount Morris (111.) Seminary. From boyhood
it was his ambition to enter the medical profes-
sion and, in spite of obstacles which would have
daunted one less determined, he persevered,
making every occupation in which he engaged a
means to the end desired. While still living in
lIHnois he conducted a large dairy and furnished
milk for a condensing factory, building up a
business, that was protuable and important. On
determining to come west, in 1875, he sold the
property and spent three months in Los An-
geles, going from there to Westminster. In
February, 1876, he settled on the place which
has since been his home, and which comprises
ten acres. Since thew he has acquired another
ten-acre ranch, and has planted both in fruit
trees of difTerent varieties.

Years ago, with only one text book to assist
him. Dr. Chaffee began the study of medicine,
and his rudimentary knowledge of the science
was acquired without the aid of an instructor.
Other books were afterward added to his medi-
cal library and the contents of each absorbed by
his receptive mind. In 1884 he entered Hahne-
mann Hospital Medical College in San Fran-
cisco, from which he was graduated in 1887.
However, he had practiced considerably prior
to his graduation, and he is now, in point of
years of professional activity, one of the oldest
physicians in Orange county. In addition to
following a general practice of medicine, he
has had considerable experience in surgery and
is deeply interested in that branch of the profes-
sion.

The marriage of Dr. ChafTee took place in El-
gin, 111., September 29, 1868, and united him
with Miss Ellen M. Bradley, who was born at
Dundee, Kane county. 111. She is eligible to
membership in the Daughters of the Revolu-
tion, some of her paternal ancestors having par-
ticipated in the first war with England." Her
grandfather, Anson Bradley, spent his entire life
in \'ermont, and her father, Wi Ham S. Bradley,
was also a native of that state, born in Fairfield,
but in 1838 settled at Dundee, 111., becoming a
pioneer farmer near that town. In 1881 he re-
moved to California, where he remained re-
tired from active cares until his death, at seven-
ty-six years. He traced his ancestry to English
and Scotch progenitors. In religion he was
connected with the Methodist Episcopal Ciiurch.
His wife, who bore the maiden name of Lucia
Keiser, was born in New Hampshire, and died
at Garden Grove, Cal. Their family consisted
of four daughters, namely: Jane C, Mrs. Wau-
zer, who died in Wisconsin; Mary E., Mrs. Hill,
who lives in Garden Grove; Ellen M., Mrs.
Chaffee; and Lois E., who, with her husband,
Charles Hitchcock, was murdered on their ranch

1160

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

at Garden Grove, in January, 1888. After com-
pleting her education in Elgin Academy, Mrs.
Chaffee became a teacher in Kane county and
continued in that occupation until her mar-
riage.

Ihe distinction of being the only surviving
charter members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church of Garden Grove belongs to Dr. and
Mrs. Chaffee, and he has

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Full text of "Historical and biographical record of southern California; containing a history of southern California from its earliest settlement to the opening year of the twentieth century"

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